Wordformation B2. Słowotwórstwo B2

Word Formation B2 Słowotwórstwo B2 ROMAN OCIEPA

Bielsko-Biała 2017

Polonsky Iwona Polońska-Ociepa al. Armii Krajowej 141 m. 2A 43-300 Bielsko-Biała Poland tel. (+48) 504 109 896 www.polonsky.pl Copyright © 2017 by Polonsky First published 2017 ISBN 978-83-63630-09-6

Active Matura format devised by Roman Ociepa Cover designed by Paweł Panczakiewicz / PANCZAKIEWICZ ART.DESIGN Layout designed by Agata Korzeńska / IDEE.PL Edited by Marcin Siwiec Typeset in Fira Sans by Marcin Siwiec / mBOOKS. marcin siwiec Proofread by Aleksandra Procek The publisher would like to thank Pamela Gurdek for permission to reproduce Roman Ociepa’s photograph.

Printed in Poland by Omnidium Copyright All rights reserved; no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior written permission of the Publisher.

Magdzie Faber-Wilczyńskiej za pomoc i troskę

Contents / Spis treści Wstęp.......................................................................................................................................13 O Autorze................................................................................................................................14 Podziękowania.......................................................................................................................14 Oznaczenia użyte w książce................................................................................................15

Theory and Practice / Teoria i ćwiczenia....................... 17 01 Determiners and pronouns...........................................................................18

Określniki i zaimki

my, yours, him, herself

02 Plural..................................................................................................................20

Liczba mnoga

buses, parties, tomatoes, shelves, children

03 Past Participle..................................................................................................22

Imiesłów bierny

born, cooked, discussed, frozen, left

04 Present Participle............................................................................................24

Imiesłów czynny

confusing, missing, screaming, walking

05 Adverbs..............................................................................................................26 Przysłówki

angrily, carefully, nervously, well

06 Comparative.....................................................................................................28

Stopień wyższy

better, cheaper, thinner, luckier

07 Superlative.......................................................................................................30

Stopień najwyższy

best, cheapest, thinnest, luckiest

08 Adjectives with -ED and -ING........................................................................32

Przymiotniki z przyrostkiem -ED i -ING

bored, boring, interested, interesting

09 Adjectives with -LY..........................................................................................34

Przymiotniki z przyrostkiem -LY

elderly, lively, lonely, weekly

10 Adjectives with -OUS......................................................................................35

Przymiotniki z przyrostkiem -OUS

courageous, victorious

11 Adjectives with -IC and -ICAL........................................................................36

Przymiotniki z przyrostkiem -IC i -ICAL

photographic, governmental

12 Adjectives with -ABLE.....................................................................................37

Przymiotniki z przyrostkiem -ABLE

admirable, washable, comfortable, honourable

13 Adjectives with -IVE........................................................................................38

Przymiotniki z przyrostkiem -IVE

attractive, talkative

14 Prefixes OVER- and UNDER-...........................................................................39

Przyrostki OVER- i UNDER-

overestimated, underfinanced

15 Number prefixes..............................................................................................40

Przedrostki liczbowe

monorail, tricycle

16 Opposites with UN- and DIS-........................................................................42

Przeciwieństwa z przedrostkiem UN- i DIS-

uncomfortable, dishonest

17 Opposites with UN- and DIS-........................................................................43

Przeciwieństwa z przedrostkiem UN- i DIS-

disagree, unload

18 Opposites with DIS- and DE-.........................................................................44

Przeciwieństwa z przedrostkiem DIS- i DE-

disappear, deactivate, de-ice

19 Opposites with IL-, IM-, IN- and IR-..............................................................45

Przeciwieństwa z przedrostkiem IL-, IM-, IN- oraz IR-

impolite, irrelevant

20 Opposites with IL-, IR-, IM- and IN-..............................................................46

Przeciwieństwa z przedrostkiem IL-, IR-, IM- oraz IN-

inaccuracy, imperfection

21 Prefixes PRE- and FORE-................................................................................47

Przedrostki PRE- and FORE-

forebears, premarital, prefabricated

22 Prefix RE-...........................................................................................................48

Przedrostek RE-

regenerate, regeneration

23 Prefixes MONO-, MULTI- and POLY-..............................................................49

Przedrostki MONO-, MULTI- i POLY-

monosyllabic, multiracial, polytheism

24 Prefixes EM- and EN-.......................................................................................50

Przedrostki EM- oraz EN-

embark, encamp

25 Prefixes EVER- and UP-...................................................................................51

Przedrostki EVER- oraz UP-

ever-present, ever-stranger, upwind, upturn, upend

26 Prefixes MAL- and MIS-...................................................................................52

Przedrostki MAL- i MIS-

malfunction, misunderstanding

27 Prefixes A- and NON-......................................................................................53

Przedrostki A- oraz NON-

amoral, non-alcoholic

28 Prefixes ANTI- and COUNTER-.......................................................................54

Przedrostki ANTI- oraz COUNTER-

anti-nuclear, anti-bacterial, counterattack

29 Prefixes ARCH-, SUB- and SUPER-................................................................55

Przedrostki ARCH-, SUB- i SUPER-

archangel, substandard, superhuman

30 Suffix -EN...........................................................................................................56

Przyrostek -EN

broaden, heighten

31 Suffixes -CY and -ITY......................................................................................57

Przyrostki -CY oraz -ITY

accuracy, presidency, immunity

32 Suffixes -NESS, -TH and -T.............................................................................58

Przyrostki -NESS, -TH oraz -T

illness, death

33 Suffixes -ER and -OR.......................................................................................60

Przyrostki -ER i -OR

baker, supervisor

34 Suffix -MENT.....................................................................................................62

Przyrostek -MENT

achievement, requirement

35 Suffixes -ER and -OR.......................................................................................63

Przyrostki -ER i -OR

blender, detector

36 Suffixes -EE and -ER........................................................................................64

Przyrostki -EE i -ER

trainee, absentee, trainer

37 Suffix -FUL.........................................................................................................65

Przyrostek -FUL

bagful, thimbleful

38 Suffixes -FUL and -LESS.................................................................................66

Przyrostki -FUL i -LESS

deceitful, brainless, countless

39 Suffixes -IAN and -IST.....................................................................................68

Przyrostki -IST oraz -IAN

beautician, Elizabethan, cartoonist, bassist, anarchist

40 Suffix -PROOF...................................................................................................70

Przyrostek -PROOF

childproof, shockproof

41 Suffix -AGE.........................................................................................................71

Przyrostek -AGE

shrinkage, voltage

42 Suffix -ANCE......................................................................................................72

Przyrostek -ANCE

alliance, arrogance

43 Suffix -ENCE......................................................................................................73

Przyrostek -ENCE

dependence, convenience

44 Suffix -ION.........................................................................................................74

Przyrostek -ION

prevention, combination

45 Suffix -SION.......................................................................................................76

Przyrostek -SION

division

46 Suffix -AL...........................................................................................................77

Przyrostek -AL

conventional, portrayal

47 Words with one prefix and one suffix 1......................................................78

Słowa z przedrostkiem i przyrostkiem 1

impersonal, unsociable

48 Words with one prefix and one suffix 2......................................................79

Słowa z przedrostkiem i przyrostkiem 2

insensible, unreliable

49 Words with one prefix and one suffix 3......................................................80

Słowa z przedrostkiem i przyrostkiem 3

improperly, unsweetened

50 Words with one prefix and two suffixes.....................................................81

Słowa z przedrostkiem i dwoma przyrostkami

insensitivity, oversimplification

Matura Tasks / Zadania maturalne.................................. 83 51 Matura Tasks 1..................................................................................................84

Zadania maturalne

Dinosaurs • To Phubb or Not to Phubb?

52 Matura Tasks 2.................................................................................................86

Zadania maturalne

Razor Revolution • Designing a Herb Garden

53 Matura Tasks 3.................................................................................................88

Zadania maturalne

How to Overcome FOMO • Unsolved UK Murder Mysteries

54 Matura Tasks 4.................................................................................................90

Zadania maturalne

Stop Food Waste • Emotional Granularity

55 Matura Tasks 5.................................................................................................92

Zadania maturalne

The Wall • Best Job in the World?

56 Matura Tasks 6.................................................................................................94

Zadania maturalne

Taking the Leap into Homeschooling • Ninth Avenue Noir

57 Matura Tasks 7..................................................................................................96

Zadania maturalne

London 2012 Olympic Games • Sherlock

58 Matura Tasks 8.................................................................................................98

Zadania maturalne

Defining Death • Malbork Castle

59 Matura Tasks 9.................................................................................................100

Zadania maturalne

Discover Poland • Amazon Go

60 Matura Tasks 10...............................................................................................102

Zadania maturalne

The Guinness Book of Records • What Are Air Pollution, Smog and Acid Rain?

Answer Key / Klucz odpowiedzi....................................... 105

Form Tables / Formy wyrazów.......................................... 121 01 Personal Pronouns, Possessive Adjectives, Object Pronouns, Reflexive Pronouns, Possessive Pronouns................................................122 Zaimki osobowe, przymiotniki dzierżawcze, zaimki dopełnieniowe, zaimki zwrotne, zaimki dzierżawcze

02 Irregular plural.................................................................................................122 Nieregularna liczba mnoga

03 Past Participle..................................................................................................123 Imiesłów bierny

04 Present Participle............................................................................................123 Imiesłów czynny

05 Adverbs..............................................................................................................124 Przysłówki

06, 07 Comparison of adjectives and adverbs..................................................125 Stopniowanie przymiotników i przysłówków

11 Adjectives with -IC and -ICAL........................................................................125 Przymiotniki z przyrostkiem -IC i -ICAL

32 Nouns with -TH and -T....................................................................................126 Rzeczowniki z przyrostkiem -TH oraz -T

Wstęp Podręcznik Word Formation B2. Słowotwórstwo B2 powstał z myślą o uczniach przygotowujących się do egzaminu maturalnego z języka angielskiego na poziomie rozszerzonym (B2).

Podręcznik Word Formation B2. Słowotwórstwo B2 składa się z dwóch części. W pierwszej znajduje się 50 ćwiczeń, w których dokonano systematycznego przeglądu form pochodnych. Ze względu na rodzaj zadań, jakie występują na egzaminie maturalnym, autor skupił się na ważniejszych zagadnieniach gramatycznych (np. tworzenie liczby mnogiej, formy imiesłowów czynnych i biernych itp.) oraz tworzeniu nowych wyrazów przy pomocy procesów prefiksacji i sufiksacji. W drugiej części podręcznika znajduje się 20 zadań maturalnych: 10 zadań z luką (tzw. test luk z podanymi wyrazami) oraz 10 typowych zadań na słowotwórstwo.

Ze względu na złożoność i skomplikowanie zagadnienia, jakim jest słowotwórstwo w języku angielskim, materiał zawarty w tym podręczniku wykracza poza poziom B2 – niektóre formy pochodne kwalifikowane są przez uznane słowniki języka angielskiego, np. Cambridge Dictionary (dictionary.cambridge.org), jako wyrazy na poziomie C1 i C2.

Z tego względu Word Formation B2. Słowotwórstwo B2 będzie również przydatnym narzędziem pracy dla osób z bardziej zaawansowaną znajomością języka angielskiego.

Podręcznik Word Formation B2. Słowotwórstwo B2 zawiera pełny klucz odpowiedzi, dlatego nadaje się zarówno do pracy w klasie, jak i do samodzielnej powtórki.

Wordformation B2. Słowotwórstwo B2

Roman Ociepa Bielsko-Biała, 2017

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O autorze Roman Ociepa uzyskał dyplom licencjacki (NKJO UJ, 1995) oraz dyplom magisterski (IFA UJ, 1999) z zakresu filologii angielskiej. Uczy języka angielskiego od ponad 20 lat. Jest autorem wielu książek do nauki języka angielskiego: Angielskie wyrazy kłopotliwe (2005), Angielskie wyrazy kłopotliwe. Ćwiczenia (2007), United Kingdom at a Glance (2009), Let’s Visit Ireland. Photocopiable Resource Book for Teachers (2014), Let’s Visit the United States.

Photocopiable Resource Book for Teachers (2015), Let’s Visit Poland. Photocopiable Resource Book for Teachers (2016), Polonsky Writing for Matura (2016) oraz Polonsky Speaking for Matura (2017).

Podziękowania Autor pragnie podziękować wszystkim, którzy wspomagali go w procesie pisania oraz służyli radami i podpowiedziami. Na szczególne uznanie zasługują: Marta Boniśniak, Piotr Duraj, Hubert Komosa, Marta Kurzawa, Łukasz Lepiarczyk, Monika Mickiewicz, Marta Miełek, Filip Pastor, Magdalena Potocka, Aleksandra Procek, Oskar Rożewicz, Marta Skręt, Ewelina Wachowiak, Marta Wciseł oraz Irmina Wieczorek.

Autor również dziękuje za doping, ciepło i ciekawe rozmowy całej społeczności grupy Nauczyciele Angielskiego (Facebook). Z Wami wszystko jest możliwe!

Wydanie tej książki było możliwe dzięki wsparciu wielu osób, które zakupiły ten podręcznik w przedsprzedaży. Autor i Wydawca dziękują im serdecznie za okazane zaufanie.

Autor składa gorące podziękowania swoim uczniom, którzy brali udział w testowaniu materiału zawartego w tym podręczniku: Szymonowi G., Magdzie L., Agnieszce M., Piotrowi P., Maciejowi P., Oliwii R. oraz Karolinie Z.

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Wordformation B2. Słowotwórstwo B2

Oznaczenia użyte w książce

str. 122

odsyła do sekcji Form Tables / Formy wyrazów

(str. 122–126)

sygnalizuje grupę kłopotliwych wyrazów

conscience – consciousness

sygnalizuje grupę wyrazów mylonych ze sobą

Wordformation B2. Słowotwórstwo B2

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Theory and Practise Teoria i ćwiczenia

07

Superlative

Stopień najwyższy best, cheapest, thinnest, luckiest

W języku angielskim możemy stopniować przymiotniki i przysłówki. Wyraz w podstawowej formie to stopień równy (ang. positive degree): This is a good book; This boy is running very fast.

Stopnia najwyższego (ang. superlative degree) przymiotników i przysłówków używamy, by wskazać, która z rzeczy, zjawisk lub osób jest największa, najważniejsza itp.: Emma is the shortest in our class; Who ran the fastest in the race yesterday?

Przymiotniki i przysłówki w stopniu najwyższym możemy również wykorzystywać w konstrukcji the (best) thing I have ever (done) : What is the longest book you have ever read? This is the best TED talk I have ever watched.

str. 125

Farther, further, farthest, furthest Wyraz far jest zarówno przymiotnikiem jak i przysłówkiem.

W stopniu wyższym posiada formy farther i further, a w stopniu najwyższym farthest i furthest. Obecnie częściej stosowane są formy further i furthest, lecz mówiąc o odległości fizycznej lepiej używać farther i farthest.

How much farther is the castle?

If you look carefully, you will see a small hut on the farther shore.

Uzupełnij każdą lukę jednym wyrazem przekształcając słowo podane w nawiasie, tak aby powstało spójne i logiczne zdanie.

1.

Peter immediately turned down their job offer because they offered him the ____________ (LOW) salary.

2.

Watching his grandfather die was Ian’s ____________ (SAD) childhood memory.

3.

All the contestants agreed that building and lighting a fire without matches was one of the ____________ (HARD) tasks.

4.

The hurricane struck when they ____________ (LITTLE) expected it.

5.

Jody’s father is an ex-marine and one of the ____________ (TOUGH) men I’ve ever met.

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Wordformation B2. Słowotwórstwo B2

6.

Is Mercury the ____________ (SMALL) planet in our solar system?

7.

Her ____________ (LATE) book is described as a ‘historical novel with elements of fantasy’.

8.

Are you sure this is the ____________ (GOOD) way of cooking rice?

9.

Emma is the ____________ (LAZY) person I’ve ever met; she will always find an excuse to avoid doing her work.

10. Grzegorz Brzęczyszczykiewicz is one of the ____________ (FUNNY) names you will encounter in a Polish film.

11. I wonder which of them can travel the ____________ (FAR) distance in the race.

12. Which month is the ____________ (HOT) in your country?

13. We enclose all the necessary forms which you should complete and return at your ____________ (EARLY) convenience.

14. Honestly, this is the ____________ (BAD) meal I’ve ever had.

15. Mount Rushmore is probably the ____________ (MUCH) identifiable mountain in the United States.

Impracticable – impractical Wyraz impracticable oznacza „niewykonalny, niemożliwy (w praktyce)”, natomiast słowo impractical to „nierealny, niepraktyczny, niezaradny”.

A

This sports car looks beautiful but it is ____________ for a large family.

B

At first, the idea seemed appealing but in practice it proved totally ____________.

C

Josh is a daydreamer, always coming up with ____________ plans to become rich.

D

These changes seem ____________ because they will be impossible to enforce.

Wordformation B2. Słowotwórstwo B2

31

08

Adjectives with -ED and -ING

Przymiotniki z przyrostkiem -ED i -ING bored, boring, interested, interesting

Przyrostek -ED służy do tworzenia przymiotników wyrażających stany emocjonalne: The boy looked bored; She became interested in politics at university.

Przyrostek -ING służy do tworzenia przymiotników opisujących cechy rzeczy, zjawisk i osób: The quiz show was boring even for the audience in the studio; Mike finds politics extremely interesting.

Uzupełnij każdą lukę jednym wyrazem przekształcając słowo podane w nawiasie, tak aby powstało spójne i logiczne zdanie.

1.

Greg’s car accident was a ____________ (HORRIFY) incident. However, later everybody was absolutely ____________ (AMAZE) at his rapid recovery.

2.

Your comments are really ____________ (ANNOY); if you are ____________ [DISSATISFY] with the quality of you meal, you should complain to the manager, not to me!

3.

Although teaching children in the kindergarten may be ____________ (EXHAUST), it is an immensely ____________ (SATISFY) job.

4.

When Margaret learnt that her application had been rejected, she was ____________ (DEPRESS) and ____________ (DISAPPOINT).

5.

The waiter looked ____________ (EMBARRASS) when Judi told him that the soup tasted ____________ (DISGUST).

6.

After the exam Brian looked ____________ (RELAX) and genuinely ____________ [PLEASE] with himself.

7.

Although her lecture seemed ____________ (INTEREST) at first, she left her audience thoroughly ____________ (CONFUSE).

8.

Emma was ____________ (FRIGHTEN) when a terrible noise woke her up in the middle of the night. She was ____________ (SURPRISE) when she discovered that it was only her cat.

9.

What makes the book so ____________ (EXCITE) is that it offers a ____________ [FASCINATE] glimpse of the 19th-century New York.

10. When we heard what had happened to her, first we were ____________ (SHOCK), but when we learnt the details, we were absolutely ____________ (APPAL).

11. Mark keeps telling everybody that he is ____________ (TERRIFY) of spiders. I think it is becoming ____________ (BORE).

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Wordformation B2. Słowotwórstwo B2

12. After five years Michelle finally grew ____________ (TIRE) of Carlos and she decided to break off this ____________ (SATISFY) relationship.

13. It is ____________ (ASTONISH) how ____________ (TEMPT) their confectionery looks.

14. We were deeply ____________ (WORRY) because Alexander suffered ____________ (APPAL) injuries.

15. I don’t find Patricia’s jokes at all ____________ (AMUSE); in fact, they are rather ____________ (IRRITATE).

Unsatisfied – dissatisfied Wyraz unsatisfied oznacza „niezadowolony, niezaspokojony, nieusatysfakcjonowany”, natomiast słowo dissatisfied to „niezadowolony, rozczarowny”.

A

After dinner consisting of tomato soup and Caesar salad, Mike still felt ____________.

B

In her research, doctor Cripps is driven by her ____________ curiosity.

C

We would like to inform you that we are greatly ____________ with the quality of your service.

D

Monica told me the other day that she feels increasingly ____________ with her life.

Continual – continuous Wyraz continual oznacza „ciągły, nieustanny, ustawiczny”, natomiast słowo continuous to „ciągły, ustawiczny, stały” (określa czynność trwającą bez przerwy).

E

We receive ____________ complaints about Andrew’s behaviour from angry neighbours.

F

The patient complained about ____________ pain in her left thigh.

G

____________ assessment is the evaluation of a student’s progress made throughout a course of study.

H

Amy has had ____________ problems with her laptop for the past five or six months.

Wordformation B2. Słowotwórstwo B2

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09

Adjectives with -LY

Przymiotniki z przyrostkiem -LY elderly, lively, lonely, weekly

Przyrostek -LY służy do tworzenia przymiotników określających cechy ludzi i rzeczy: They had two lovely children, a boy and a girl; This was a costly mistake.

Istnieje też niewielka grupa przymiotników z przyrostkiem -LY, które służą do opisywania, jak często ma miejsce dana czynność: Our son does our weekly shopping for us.

Uzupełnij każdą lukę jednym wyrazem przekształcając słowo podane w nawiasie, tak aby powstało spójne i logiczne zdanie.

1.

Mark is taking part in a music contest and he receives extra ____________ (DAY) tuition to help him prepare better.

2.

I can’t believe it; they want us to increase their ____________ (HOUR) rates again.

3.

Stuart usually buys ____________ (MONTH) bus tickets because they are available at half the standard price.

4.

What is the ____________ (YEAR) income of a typical household in your country?

5.

Yesterday the company reported a ____________ (QUARTER) profit of $37 million.

6.

They felt sad when their holiday ended because the tropical island was like an ____________ (EARTH) paradise for them.

7.

We were asked to take our possessions and get off the bus in an ____________ (ORDER) fashion.

8.

An ____________ (ELDER) couple was silently eating fish and chips at a table by the door.

9.

Anthony hated the office because it was painted a ____________ (SICK) yellow.

10. The Moon, planets and stars are sometimes called ____________ (HEAVEN) bodies.

11. She led a ____________ (LONE), unhappy life without any relatives or friends.

12. He patted me on the shoulder and gave me a ____________ (FATHER) look.

13. Roger has always seemed very calm and far removed from ____________ (WORLD) concerns.

14. We like this bar with its ____________ (LIVE), informal atmosphere.

15. I know that you won’t listen to me, but can I give you some ____________ (BROTHER) advice?

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Wordformation B2. Słowotwórstwo B2

10

Adjectives with -OUS

Przymiotniki z przyrostkiem -OUS courageous, victorious

Przyrostek -OUS służy do tworzenia przymiotników określających cechy ludzi i rzeczy: It was an exceptionally courageous decision; Against all the odds, The Reds were ultimately victorious.

Istnieje kilka wariantów pisowni przyrostka -OUS. Najpowszechniejsze to -EOUS, -IOUS oraz -UOUS. Uzupełnij każdą lukę jednym wyrazem przekształcając słowo podane w nawiasie, tak aby powstało spójne i logiczne zdanie.

1.

This factory manufactures many ____________ (DANGER) chemicals.

2.

Our socks are available in ____________ (VARY) colours and patterns.

3.

I like Gordon because he is a talented, ____________ (AMBITION) scientist.

4.

It’s a little ____________ (SUSPICION) that Oliver doesn’t remember where he was at the time of the murder.

5.

Yesterday we had a ____________ (FURY) debate about taxes introduced by the government.

6.

Their kitchen looks deceptively ____________ (SPACE) because it is cleverly designed.

7.

We were genuinely ____________ (CURIOSITY) to know what happened next.

8.

Her grandmother is a a devoutly ____________ (RELIGION) person.

9.

Derek’s brother disappeared in ____________ (MYSTERY) circumstances.

10. My ____________ (SPONTANEITY) reaction was to laugh at their offer.

11. Karen is an ____________ (ADVENTURE) cook, not afraid of trying new things.

12. Do you think that Brexit will have a ____________ (DISASTER) impact on the UK economy?

13. Anabel’s cookbook contains many recipes for simple yet highly ____________ (NUTRITION) meals.

14. The doctor was highly ____________ (CAUTION) about the new treatment method.

15. When these substances are combined, they form a deadly ____________ (POISON) gas.

Wordformation B2. Słowotwórstwo B2

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16

Opposites with UN- and DIS-

Przeciwieństwa z przedrostkiem UN- i DISuncomfortable, dishonest

Przedrostki UN- i DIS- mogą być używane w połączeniu z przymiotnikami i rzeczownikami, aby tworzyć przymiotniki o przeciwstawnym znaczeniu: This armchair is uncomfortable; It was dishonest to cheat in the test.

Uzupełnij każdą lukę jednym wyrazem przekształcając słowo podane w nawiasie, tak aby powstało spójne i logiczne zdanie.

1.

When I talked to Ann, her smile seemed forced and ____________ (NATURAL).

2.

It is ____________ (FORTUNATE) that you can’t come this weekend.

3.

They are not going to tolerate her ____________ (RESPECTFUL) behaviour towards other students.

4.

Although I have seen her several times, her name was ____________ (FAMILIAR) to me.

5.

Do you think it would be wise to rent a flat in this ____________ (REPUTABLE) neighbourhood?

6.

The minister was accused of being ____________ (LOYAL) to the government.

7.

The cost of the proposed renovation of the building makes it ____________ (ACCEPTABLE).

8.

I am becoming frustrated with Christopher’s ____________ (COOPERATIVE) attitude.

9.

Many ____________ (SATISFIED) customers made complaints about the quality of their products.

10. Our new office is not ____________ (SIMILAR) to our old one, but it is definitely cheaper.

11. The immigration officers at the airport were impatient, rude and ____________ (HELPFUL).

12. After the concert, twenty people were arrested for drunk and ____________ (ORDERLY) conduct.

13. We are ____________ (WILLING) to make that commitment at the moment.

14. I think that it would be ____________ (COURTEOUS) to ignore their request for help.

15. The Prime Minister made an ____________ (OFFICIAL) visit to our town.

42

Wordformation B2. Słowotwórstwo B2

17

Opposites with UN- and DIS-

Przeciwieństwa z przedrostkiem UN- i DISdisagree, unload

Przedrostki UN- i DIS- mogą być używane w połączeniu z przymiotnikami i rzeczownikami, aby tworzyć czasowniki o przeciwstawnym znaczeniu: I strongly disagree with your decision; They unloaded some heavy boxes from the back of the van.

Uzupełnij każdą lukę jednym wyrazem przekształcając słowo podane w nawiasie, tak aby powstało spójne i logiczne zdanie.

1.

One of the passengers tried to ____________ (ARM) the hijacker but he didn’t succeed.

2.

The little boy screamed loudly and started to ____________ (WRAP) his presents.

3.

When you want to leave the vehicle, ____________ (CLASP) your seatbelt first.

4.

Karen tried to convince Scott of her innocence, but he had every reason to ____________ (TRUST) her.

5.

We regret to inform you that we are planning to ____________ (CONTINUE) the ferry service next year.

6.

Digging in his garden, William ____________ (COVER) human bones.

7.

First you should ____________ (CONNECT) the machine from the electricity supply, then you can open the hatch.

8.

Last week, his sexist comments ____________ (LEASH) a wave of public protest.

9.

If you ____________ (OBEY) me once again, I will have no choice but to fire you.

10. The plane ____________ (INTEGRATE) when it hit the mountain.

11. We will be away for several months, so it is better to empty and ____________ (PLUG) the fridge before we leave.

12. Why did you tie the string so tightly? It is impossible to ____________ (DO).

13. Several hundred people will be ____________ (PLACE) when the construction of the dam starts.

14. If you want to ____________ (LOCK) the phone, press the home button twice and enter you PIN. 15. Caroline’s explanation seems credible and I see no reason to ____________ (BELIEVE) her.

Wordformation B2. Słowotwórstwo B2

43

Matura Tasks Zadania maturalne

51

Matura Tasks 1

Zadania maturalne 1 Dinosaurs • To Phubb or Not to Phubb?

Uzupełnij każdą lukę (1-4) jednym wyrazem przekształcając słowo podane w nawiasie, tak aby powstało spójne i logiczne zdanie. Wymagana jest pełna poprawność ortograficzna wpisywanych wyrazów.

Dinosaurs The word ‘dinosaur’ comes from Greek and it means ‘terrible lizard’. Dinosaurs were lizardlike reptiles that roamed the Earth for more than 150 million years.

The last dinosaurs became extinct about 65 million years ago. Some of them were the largest and scariest creatures that ever walked on land. Fossils of dinosaurs 5

were first discovered in the early 1800s. Fossils are remains or 1. ____________ (IMPRESS) of a plant or animal that have been preserved in rock. By studying these fossils, scientists know that dinosaurs were the ancient cousins of today’s crocodiles, snakes and lizards. Scientists also believe that today’s birds descended from dinosaurs. Dinosaurs were all 2. ____________ (DIFFER) sizes: some of them

10

were smaller than a chicken and others weighed more than 10 times as much as the largest elephants. Some scientists believe that dinosaurs were gray or green in colour because these colours would have helped the dinosaurs blend in with their 3. ____________ (SURROUND). Other scientists think that dinosaurs were very 4. ____________ (COLOUR) and it helped males get the attention of females. adapted from kids.britannica.com

84

Wordformation B2. Słowotwórstwo B2

Przeczytaj tekst. Uzupełnij każdą lukę (5-8), przekształcając jeden z wyrazów z ramki w taki sposób, aby powstał spójny i logiczny tekst. Wymagana jest pełna poprawność gramatyczna i ortograficzna wpisywanych wyrazów. Dwa wyrazy zostały podane dodatkowo i nie pasują do żadnej luki.

evident

set

assembly

indicate

bad

see

To Phubb or Not to Phubb?

In May 2012, a group of language experts was 5. ____________ to name a phenomenon common in the era of the smartphone. They dubbed the phenomenon ‘phubbing’, and defined it as ‘the act of snubbing someone in a social 6. ____________ by looking at your phone instead of paying attention.’

5

The word itself is a portmanteau; a word that blends the sounds and combines the meanings of two other words. In the present case, phubbing is a splicing together of the words ‘phone’ and ‘snubbing’. What are some alarming 7. ____________ that you are behaving like a phubber? One of them is when you have a meal with others at home or in a restaurant, and you repeatedly check

10

your cell phone. Another example could be always keeping you cell phone in sight.

And the 8. ____________ one, you use your cell phone when you are on a date or with your romantic partner to check if you get a text or other notification. adapted from www.huffingtonpost.com

Wordformation B2. Słowotwórstwo B2

85

Answer Key Klucz odpowiedzi

05 1.

angrily, heavily

2.

Realistically, simply

3.

truly, Hopefully

4.

silently, diligently

5.

thoroughly, well

6.

sufficiently,

11. totally, fiercely

scientifically

12. falsely, Unfortunately

7.

noisily, Unsurprisingly

13. seriously, luckily

8.

Frankly, happily

14. terribly, clearly

9.

really, Finally

15. wholly, Obviously

10. shyly, slowly A length B length C longevity D longevity

06 1.

colder

6.

brighter

11. worse

2.

easier

7.

thinner

12. earlier

3.

more

8.

prettier

13. safer

4.

further/farther

9.

more

14. better

5.

less

10. longer

15. bigger

A lesser B less C less D lesser E unsociable F unsocial G unsocial H unsociable

07 1.

lowest

6.

smallest

11. farthest/furthest

2.

saddest

7.

latest

12. hottest

3.

hardest

8.

best

13. earliest

4.

least

9.

laziest

14. worst

5.

toughest

10. funniest

15. most

A impractical B impracticable C impractical D impracticable

08 1.

horrifying, amazed

5.

embarrassed,

10. shocked, appalled

2.

annoying, dissatisfied

3.

exhausting, satisfying

6.

disgusting

11. terrified, boring

relaxed, pleased

4.

depressed,

12. tired, unsatisfying

7.

interesting, confused

disappointed

13. astonishing, tempting

8.

frightened, surprised

14. worried, appalling

9.

exciting, fascinating

15. amusing, irritating

A unsatisfied B unsatisfied C dissatisfied D dissatisfied E continual F continuous G Continuous H continual Wordformation B2. SĹ‚owotwĂłrstwo B2

107

09 1.

daily

6.

earthly

11. lonely

2.

hourly

7.

orderly

12. fatherly

3.

monthly

8.

elderly

13. worldly

4.

yearly

9.

sickly

14. lively

5.

quarterly

10. heavenly

15. brotherly

10 1.

dangerous

6.

spacious

11. adventurous

2.

various

7.

curious

12. disastrous

3.

ambitious

8.

religious

13. nutritious

4.

suspicious

9.

mysterious

14. cautious

5.

furious

10. spontaneous

15. poisonous

13. pedagogic/

11 1.

classic

7.

electrical

2.

poetic/poetical

8.

symbolic/symbolical

3.

comical

9.

historic

4.

geographic

10. mythic/mythical

5.

economic

11. electric

6.

analytical/analytic

12. rhythmic/rhythmical

12

pedagogical 14. classical 15. comic

1.

advisable

6.

knowledgeable

11. imaginable

2.

profitable

7.

comparable

12. fashionable

3.

pleasurable

8.

irritable

13. desirable

4.

acceptable

9.

variable

14. regrettable

5.

valuable

10. curable

15. identifiable

108

Wordformation B2. SĹ‚owotwĂłrstwo B2

13 1.

imaginative

6.

productive

11. deceptive

2.

provocative

7.

offensive

12. appreciative

3.

competitive

8.

excessive

13. extensive

4.

informative

9.

defensive

14. decisive

5.

destructive

10. protective

15. creative

14 1.

overrated

6.

underprepared

11. overfilled

2.

underemployed

7.

Overprotective

12. undernourished

3.

underestimated

8.

oversized

13. understatement

4.

underdone

9.

overgrown

14. overcooked

5.

overheat

10. overpopulated

15. undermanned

15 1.

bilateral

11. kilobyte

22. pentathlon

2.

bilingual

12. megabyte

23. pentagon

3.

century

13. millipede

24. quadrangle

4.

centenarian

14. millisecond

25. quadruped

5.

decade

15. monorail

26. semicircle

6.

decathlon

16. monosyllable

27. semi-annual

7.

decilitre

17. multimillionaire

28. triplet

8.

decimal

18. multilingual

29. tricycle

9.

demigod/

19. octogenarian

30. unilateral

demigoddess

20. omnipotent

10. Dioxide

21. omnivore

A reliability B reliance C reliability D reliance

16 1.

unnatural

6.

disloyal

11. unhelpful

2.

unfortunate

7.

unacceptable

12. disorderly

3.

disrespectful

8.

uncooperative

13. unwilling

4.

unfamiliar

9.

dissatisfied

14. discourteous

5.

disreputable

10. dissimilar

Wordformation B2. SĹ‚owotwĂłrstwo B2

15. unofficial

109

17 1.

disarm

6.

uncovered

11. unplug

2.

unwrap

7.

disconnect

12. undo

3.

unclasp

8.

unleashed

13. displaced

4.

distrust

9.

disobey

14. unlock

5.

discontinue

10. disintegrated

15. disbelieve

18 1.

disengage

6.

deregulate

11. destabilise

2.

demystify

7.

dethroned

12. defrost

3.

dislike

8.

demilitarised

13. dislodge

4.

demist

9.

dispossessed

14. decentralise

5.

disorganised

10. disembark

15. debug

19 1.

irreplaceable

6.

impractical

11. inexpensive

2.

impartial

7.

immortal

12. inaccurate

3.

irresistible

8.

inaccessible

13. illegitimate

4.

incurable

9.

illogical

14. illegal

5.

imperfect

10. insecure

15. inappropriate

20 1.

illiteracy

6.

illegibility

11. irrationality

2.

irreverence

7.

inability

12. impatience

3.

inefficiency

8.

insincerity

13. irregularity

4.

irresponsibility

9.

injustice

14. impossibility

5.

immaturity

10. immorality

110

15. inequality

Wordformation B2. SĹ‚owotwĂłrstwo B2

48 1.

discouraging

6.

unconsciousness

11. incorrectly

2.

Undelivered

7.

nonexistent

12. indefensible

3.

inconclusive

8.

encouragement

13. underdeveloped

4.

independence

9.

uneducated

14. ineffective

5.

undecided

10. unemployment

15. inconsiderate

49 1.

deformity

6.

unnatural

11. unfaithful

2.

immemorial

7.

inflammable

12. unknown

3.

unexpected

8.

disquieting

13. impartial

4.

immorality

9.

degradation

14. unfavourably

5.

unimaginative

10. unlikely

15. disinformation

50 1.

encouragingly

6.

enlightening

11. unbelievably

2.

unfaithfulness

7.

incomparably

12. independently

3.

unceremoniously

8.

immobilisation

13. dehumanised

4.

unacceptably

9.

disapprovingly

14. unjustified

5.

unexpectedly

10. unknowingly

51 1.

impressions

5.

assembled

2.

different

6.

setting

3.

surroundings

7.

indications

4.

colourful

8.

worst

52 1.

replacement

5.

creating

2.

annoyed

6.

raised

3.

negligible

7.

Located

4.

expensively

8.

industriously

118

15. inconclusively

Wordformation B2. SĹ‚owotwĂłrstwo B2