Sentence Building B2 Układanie fragmentów zdań B2 by Polonsky

Sentence Building B2 Układanie fragmentów zdań B2 Małgorzata Kwiatkowska

Bielsko-Biała 2019

Polonsky Iwona Polońska-Ociepa al. Armii Krajowej 141 m. 2A 43-300 Bielsko-Biała Poland tel. (+48) 504 109 896 www.polonsky.pl Copyright © 2019 by Polonsky First published 2019 ISBN 978-83-63630-21-8 Active Matura format devised by Roman Ociepa Cover designed by Paweł Panczakiewicz / PANCZAKIEWICZ ART.DESIGN Layout designed by Agata Korzeńska / IDEE.PL Edited by Roman Ociepa Typeset in Fira Sans by Marcin Siwiec / mBOOKS.marcin siwiec Proofread by Ewa Binda / CentrumKorekty.pl Cover image © Shutterstock.com/Bug_Fish Printed in Poland Copyright All rights reserved; no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior written permission of the Publisher.

Contents / Spis treści Wstęp.......................................................................................................................................9 O Autorce................................................................................................................................10 Podziękowania.......................................................................................................................10 Oznaczenia użyte w książce................................................................................................10

Grammar Structures / Zagadnienia gramatyczne........ 11 01 Present Simple.................................................................................................12

Czas Present Simple

02 Present Continuous.........................................................................................13

Czas Present Continuous

03 Past Simple.......................................................................................................14

Czas Past Simple

04 Past Continuous...............................................................................................15

Czas Past Continuous

05 Present Perfect Simple..................................................................................16

Czas Present Perfect Simple

06 Present Perfect Continuous..........................................................................17

Czas Present Perfect Continuous

07 Past Perfect Simple and Past Perfect Continuous...................................18

Czasy Past Perfect Simple i Past Perfect Continuous

08 Past actions with used to and would...........................................................19

Wyrażanie przeszłości przy pomocy used to i would

09 Futurity: Going to.............................................................................................20

Wyrażanie przyszłości: konstrukcja Going to

10 Futurity: Future Simple...................................................................................21

Wyrażanie przyszłości: czas Future Simple

11 Futurity: Future Perfect Simple and Future Continuous.........................22

Wyrażanie przyszłości: czasy Future Perfect Simple i Future Continuous

12 Other ways of talking about the future......................................................23

Inne sposoby mówienia o przyszłości

13 Be used to and get used to............................................................................24 Konstrukcje be used to oraz get used to

14 Determiners and pronouns...........................................................................25

Określniki i zaimki

15 Adverbs..............................................................................................................26

Przysłówki

16 Comparison of adjectives and adverbs......................................................27

Stopniowanie przymiotników i przysłówków

17 Other comparative structures......................................................................28

Inne konstrukcje porównawcze

18 Modal verbs 1 (ability)....................................................................................29

Czasowniki modalne 1 (wyrażanie umiejętności)

19 Modal verbs 2 (permission and requests).................................................30

Czasowniki modalne 2 (pozwolenie i prośby)

20 Modal verbs 3 (possibility and probability)..............................................31

Czasowniki modalne 3 (możliwość i prawdopodobieństwo)

21 Modal verbs 4 (necessity and obligation)..................................................32

Czasowniki modalne 4 (konieczność i obowiązek)

22 Perfect modal verbs 1 (probability and possibility)................................33

Czasowniki modalne w czasie przeszłym 1 (prawdopodobieństwo i możliwość)

23 Perfect modal verbs 2 (duty and obligation)............................................34

Czasowniki modalne w czasie przeszłym 2 (obowiązek i konieczność)

24 Passive voice 1..................................................................................................35

Strona bierna 1

25 Passive voice 2 (personal and impersonal structures)...........................36

Strona bierna 2 (struktury osobowe i bezosobowe)

26 Passive voice 3 (advanced structures)........................................................37

Strona bierna 3 (struktury zaawansowane)

27 Causative structures with have, get and make ........................................38

Konstrukcje z have, get i make

28 Expressing contrast and concession...........................................................39

Wyrażanie kontrastu i rozbieżności

29 Expressing purpose........................................................................................40

Wyrażanie celu

30 Expressing reason...........................................................................................41

Wyrażanie przyczyny

31 Relative clauses...............................................................................................42

Zdania przydawkowe

32 Relative clauses with prepositions.............................................................43

Zdania przydawkowe z przyimkami

33 Reported speech 1 (no tense change)........................................................44

Mowa zależna 1 (bez zmiany czasu gramatycznego)

34 Reported speech 2 (requests and orders).................................................45

Mowa zależna 2 (prośby i polecenia)

35 Reported Speech 3 (statements).................................................................46

Mowa zależna 3 (zdania twierdzące)

36 Reported speech 4 (yes/no questions)......................................................48

Mowa zależna 4 (pytania ogólne)

37 Reported speech 5 (questions)....................................................................49

Mowa zależna 5 (pytania szczegółowe)

38 Present and past participle clauses............................................................50

Zdania złożone z imiesłowami przysłówkowymi i przymiotnikowymi

39 Temporal clauses.............................................................................................52

Zdania czasowe

40 Zero Conditional and First Conditional.......................................................53

Zdania warunkowe stopnia zerowego i pierwszego

41 Second Conditional.........................................................................................54

Zdania warunkowe drugiego stopnia

42 Third Conditional.............................................................................................55

Zdania warunkowe trzeciego stopnia

43 Mixed conditionals..........................................................................................56

Zdania warunkowe mieszane

44 Conditionals – other structures...................................................................57

Zdania warunkowe – inne struktury

45 Verb patterns 1 (verb + to infinitive)...........................................................58

Konstrukcje czasownikowe 1 (czasownik + bezokolicznik z to)

46 Verb patterns 2 (verb + gerund)...................................................................59

Konstrukcje czasownikowe 2 (czasownik + rzeczownik odczasownikowy)

47 Verb patterns 3 (verb + object + to infinitive)...........................................60

Konstrukcje czasownikowe 3 (czasownik + dopełnienie + bezokolicznik z to)

48 Verb patterns 4 (verb + object + gerund)...................................................61

Konstrukcje czasownikowe 4 (czasownik + dopełnienie + rzeczownik odczasownikowy)

49 Indirect questions...........................................................................................62

Pytania pośrednie

50 If only, it’s time, wish, would rather.............................................................63

Konstrukcje if only, it’s time, wish, would rather

51 Idioms 1.............................................................................................................64

Idiomy 1

52 Idioms 2.............................................................................................................65

Idiomy 2

53 Phrasal verbs 1.................................................................................................66

Czasowniki frazowe 1

54 Phrasal verbs 2.................................................................................................67

Czasowniki frazowe 2

55 Phrasal verbs 3.................................................................................................68

Czasowniki frazowe 3

Consolidation / Ćwiczenia powtórkowe......................... 69 56 Consolidation 1A, 1B.......................................................................................70

Powtórka 1A, 1B

57 Consolidation 2A, 2B.......................................................................................74

Powtórka 2A, 2B

58 Consolidation 3A, 3B.......................................................................................78

Powtórka 3A, 3B

59 Consolidation 4A, 4B.......................................................................................82

Powtórka 4A, 4B

60 Consolidation 5A, 5B.......................................................................................86

Powtórka 5A, 5B

Idioms and Phrasal Verbs / Idiomy i czasowniki frazowe....91 Answer Key / Klucz odpowiedzi....................................... 95

Wstęp Książka Sentence Building B2. Układanie fragmentów zdań B2 powstał z myślą o uczniach przygotowujących się do egzaminu maturalnego z języka angielskiego na poziomie rozszerzonym (B2). Książka Sentence Building B2. Układanie fragmentów zdań B2 składa się z dwóch części. W pierwszej znajduje się 55 ćwiczeń, w których dokonano systematycznego przeglądu zagadnień gramatycznych w oparciu o wytyczne Centralnej Komisji Egzaminacyjnej podane w Informatorze o egzaminie maturalnym z języka angielskiego od roku szkolnego 2014/2015. Każde zadanie poświęcone jest odrębnemu zagadnieniu, aby ułatwić uczniowi rozpoznawanie struktur gramatycznych i ich charakterystycznych elementów. W drugiej części podręcznika Sentence Building B2. Układanie fragmentów zdań B2 zamieszczono pięć zestawów powtórkowych opracowanych zgodne z formułą egzaminacyjną. Każdym zestaw powtórkowy zawiera pełen przekrój struktur gramatycznych i tym samym umożliwia zastosowanie umiejętności nabytych podczas pracy z pierwszą częścią książki. Ćwiczenia zawarte w podręczniku Sentence Building B2. Układanie fragmentów zdań B2 nie są ze sobą powiązane, więc uczeń przygotowujący się do egzaminu maturalnego ma do wyboru dwa sposoby korzystania z książki: powtarzanie liniowe lub skupienie się na dowolnych zagadnieniach i zapoznawanie się z nimi w ustalonej przez siebie kolejności. Podręcznik Sentence Building B2. Układanie fragmentów zdań B2 zawiera pełny klucz odpowiedzi, dlatego nadaje się zarówno do pracy w klasie, jak i do samodzielnej powtórki. Małgorzata Kwiatkowska Warszawa 2018

Sentence Building B2. Układanie fragmentów zdań B2

O Autorce

Małgorzata Kwiatkowska uzyskała dyplom licencjacki (UKKNJA UW, 2008) z zakresu nauczania języka angielskiego oraz dyplom magisterski (OSA UW, 2010) z zakresu studiów amerykanistycznych. Uczy języka angielskiego od dziewięciu lat zarówno w Polsce jak i za granicą. Obecnie pracuje z młodzieżą i dorosłymi w ramach kursów stacjonarnych odbywających się w Warszawie i online. Regularnie uczestniczy w konferencjach dla nauczycieli PASE i Twist jako prelegentka, a od 2015 roku prowadzi stronę internetową Lesson Plans Digger (www.lessonplansdigger.com), gdzie dzieli się pomysłami na zajęcia z języka angielskiego i gotowymi scenariuszami lekcji.

Podziękowania Autorka dziękuje Marcie, Małgorzacie i Łukaszowi Godlewskim za wsparcie i pomoc przy pisaniu tej książki. Wydanie tego podręcznika było możliwe dzięki wielu osobom, które zakupiły go w przedsprzedaży. Autorka i Wydawca dziękują im serdecznie za okazane zaufanie. Autorka i Wydawca składają gorące podziękowania panu Szymonowi Gumulakowi, który brał udział w testowaniu materiału zawartego w tej książce.

Oznaczenia użyte w książce str. 122

odsyła do sekcji Idioms and Phrasal Verbs / Idiomy i czasowniki frazowe

Sentence Building B2. Układanie fragmentów zdań B2

Grammar Structures Zagadnienia gramatyczne

Past Perfect Simple and Past Perfect Continuous Czasy Past Perfect Simple i Past Perfect Continuous

Uzupełnij zdania, wykorzystując podane w nawiasach wyrazy w odpowiedniej formie. Nie należy zmieniać kolejności podanych wyrazów, trzeba natomiast – jeżeli jest to konieczne – dodać inne wyrazy, tak aby otrzymać logiczne i gramatycznie poprawne zdania. Wymagana jest pełna poprawność ortograficzna wpisywanych fragmentów. Uwaga: w każdą lukę możesz wpisać maksymalnie pięć wyrazów, wliczając w to wyrazy już podane. 1.

Uncle Frank used to be fond of travelling when he was young and (he / be) ________ forty-five countries all around the world before he died.

When the prices of real estate dropped considerably in 2007, Mrs Porter couldn’t buy a house because she (lose / all / money) ________ years before.

My journey from Reading to London last week was an awful nightmare because I (wait / hours) ________ before any train arrived.

Jon arrived at the cinema late so the film (already / start) ________ the time he entered the room.

I felt sorry for Lisa when I saw her last night. She was exhausted because she (study / all) ________ day yesterday.

Marty came to the office beaming with pride on Monday because he (come / first) ________ a rowing competition at the weekend.

The project was cancelled three years ago after Mr Sampson’s death. He (work / it) ________ for almost ten years before he passed away.

It’s such a shame we didn’t talk to Sally at the party last weekend. I think she (leave / time) ________ we got there.

The house wasn’t in the best condition when we bought it, and it was quite obvious a family with young children (live / there) ________ before.

10. To everybody’s surprise, one of the policemen (find / cause) ________ of the accident long before the forensics team arrived at the scene. 11. I (think / change) ________ my job for a couple of months before I finally decided to quit. 12. Jason was furious because by the time he discovered a website with cheap electronic goods he (already / buy) ________ an overpriced smartphone in a regular store. 13. Everybody was shocked with Edward’s disciplinary dismissal because he (always / treat) ________ everybody with respect. 14. Ms Fallon (be / accuse) ________ embezzling large sums of money years before the police identified another suspect in the case.

Sentence Building B2. Układanie fragmentów zdań B2

Past actions with used to and would

Wyrażanie przeszłości przy pomocy used to i would

When my brother and I were children we (live) __________ small house in the outskirts of the city.

Look, this website lists all the fashion trends from the 20th century. (you / use / wear) __________ bell bottoms?

When my parents got married my mother couldn’t cook so they (order / China) __________ takeaways all the time.

It’s funny how people change over time; when I started my job at HiTech I (not / use / take) __________ any notes whereas now I can’t imagine my desk without a notepad.

I remember these summers at my grandparents’ house very vividly; every evening my Grandpa (talk) __________ childhood he spent living in a cabin in the woods.

Mr Porter still remembers the time when people (use / treat) __________ other with respect.

When Patty worked as a secretary she (depend) __________ her boss very much so it’s good to see her show more initiative now.

My father was an extremely ambitious and energetic man so he (take / charge) __________ every new project that crossed his desk.

So, you have three younger brothers! (you / use / take) __________ care of them when you were children?

10. Since Patrick is such a modest person some find it hard to believe he (use / show) __________ in front of his classmates all the time in high school. 11. As a young man Pablo (use / worried) __________ what other thought of him but now he doesn’t care about it. 12. Can you believe that in some countries women (not / use / be) __________ allowed to vote until the 1950s? 13. Before Mr Carter joined our company he worked at university and (specialise) __________ cancer research. 14. My mother is ashamed to admit it but she (not / approve) __________ my husbandto-be when we were dating but everything changed after our wedding.

Sentence Building B2. Układanie fragmentów zdań B2

Perfect modal verbs 2 (duty and obligation)

Czasowniki modalne w czasie przeszłym 2 (obowiązek i konieczność)

You (should / tell / I) __________ Andrea was in hospital. I would have visited her if I had known.

Kelly had booked a hotel for us two days ago, so (I / need / send) __________ all those emails asking about available rooms yesterday and I only wasted two hours of my time.

It turned out (we / need / bring) __________ supplies such as pencils and calculators to the competition. I wish they had informed us beforehand, though.

I can’t believe your phone rang in the middle of the exam. You (should / switch / it) __________ before the test began.

I am very disappointed with you because you (should / not / shout) __________ your little sister when she broke the vase in the living room.

I’m a bit worried about Nick because he left for the bank three hours ago and he (should / come back) __________ now.

Look at this steak, it’s completely burnt! You really (should / leave / it) __________ unattended for fifteen minutes!

The deadline for submitting the English essay has been put off, so it turns out I (need / spend) __________ much time rewriting it over the weekend.

Look at Josh, he’s turned blue because of the cold. Now he’s probably thinking that he (should / put) __________ pair of thicker socks.

10. I’m afraid we got our wires crossed and you really (need / wait) __________ me after classes yesterday because I had my basketball practice in the afternoon. 11. I regret a number of things about my time in high school. For one, (I / should / focus) __________ sports and music classes more instead of spending hours in the library. 12. Everybody in the auditorium had already heard about the invited novelist, so he (need / be / introduce) __________ by the keynote speaker who did it anyway.

Sentence Building B2. Układanie fragmentów zdań B2

Passive voice 1 Strona bierna 1

It’s heartbreaking how thousands of cats and dogs (be / abandon) ________ their owners each day.

One of the biggest rock concerts of all time (be / hold) ________ Wembley stadium in 1985.

It’s hard to believe that the construction of the bridge still (not / be / finish) ________ even though it started almost ten years ago.

Due to bad weather nobody knows whether the match (be / play) ________ on Sunday afternoon.

Our teachers are very careful and children in our kindergarten (be / never / leave) ________ their own for any period of time.

The team are almost ready for their presentation and only some final corrections to the slide show (be / make) ________ we speak.

I hope everybody responsible for this ugly joke (be / punish) ________ soon as possible.

The winner of the slam poetry jam (go / be / announce) ________ tonight, so we should definitely go and support David.

This David Bowie’s album is an all time bestseller. (when / be / record) ________, in 1971 or 1972?

10. Let’s congratulate Helen as she (be / choose) ________ new president of the Readers’ Digest Club. 11. Our school (be / inspect) ________ numerous times since we started in 1997 and each time we received stellar ratings. 12. Can you believe that Facebook (not / set) ________ until 2004? 13. After the construction accident in Poznań last year, the CEO of the construction company (be / make / responsible) ________ this tragedy. 14. Please, wait ten more minutes because your room (be / clean) ________ right now. 15. You need to report this to the police! They should know you (be / send) ________ death threats. Sentence Building B2. Układanie fragmentów zdań B2

05 1.

have / ‘ve just finished

07 1.

he had been to

have the judges decided yet / has the

had lost all her money

judge decided yet

had been waiting for hours

has not / hasn’t chosen the colour

had already started by

have not / haven’t got in touch

had been studying all

Where have you been

had come first in

has / ’s already seen

had been working on it

have never dreamt of

had left by the time

have lived there for

had lived there

has not / hasn’t set the table

10. had found out the cause

10. many cupcakes has he eaten

11. had been thinking of changing

11. Have you ever flown

12. had already bought

12. has / ’s already done

13. had always treated

13. have / ‘ve just opened on

14. had been accused of

14. has ever asked him such 15. Have you ever seen anything

08 1.

used to live in a

Did you use to wear

Have you been working

used to order Chinese

have not / haven’t been keeping to

did not / didn’t use to take

long have you been waiting

would talk about his

Has he been getting on

used to treat each

have not / haven’t been eating out

used to depend on

has / ’s been putting pressure on

would take charge of

has not / hasn’t been using

Did you use to take

has not / hasn’t been brushing her

10. used to show off

has / ’s been having second thoughts

11. used to be worried about

10. Have you been washing

12. did not / didn’t use to be

11. has / ’s been taking photographs for

13. used to specialise in

12. has / ’s been pouring down all

14. didn’t use to approve of

13. has / ’s been handing out leaflets 14. have you been doing 15. have been keeping up

Sentence Building B2. Układanie fragmentów zdań B2

21 1.

have to / will have to pay a

23 1.

should have told me

had to renew

I needn’t have sent

should be funded by

we needn’t have brought any / our

needs cleaning as

should have switched it off

must run to

should not / shouldn’t have shouted

must be fastened

had to buy

should have come back by

must tell the truth about

should not / shouldn’t have left it

desperately needed painting

needn’t have spent so

10. have to pay attention to

should have put on a

11. do not / don’t have to pay

10. needn’t have waited for

12. had to take care of

11. I should have focused on

13. must remember to email

12. needn’t have been introduced

14. ought to keep 15. should start taking your job

24 1.

are abandoned by

was held at

it can’t have been him

hasn’t / has not been finished

may have turned off

will be played

it must have hurt

are never left on

must have checked out

are being made as

it can’t have happened

will be punished as

must have come as a

is going to be announced

may have got stuck in

When was it recorded

can’t have cheated in

10. has been chosen the

must have seen it at

11. has been inspected

10. it must have cost a

12. wasn’t set up

11. must have gone off

13. was made responsible for

12. may have been told by

14. is being cleaned 15. are being sent

Sentence Building B2. Układanie fragmentów zdań B2

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