Day 3 Wednesday 15th June
Investing in Maritime's Digital Future
Agenda 10:00 10:15 10:35 11:00
11:30 11:45 12:05
DRIVEN BY INNOVATION
12:30 13:20
13:50 14:15 14:55 15:10 15:45
16:05 17:05
Matt Beeton– Port of Tyne Welcome and overview of the day Charles Radclyffe Creating AI Strategies Kevin Smith – Maritime Digital Hub AI Trends and its Place in Innovation Technology Lord Grimstone - Minister for Investment at Department for International Trade and Department for Business Energy and Industrial Strategy Break Carole Fran – Forth Ports Collaborative Data Sharing for a Connected Supply Chain Prof Stephen Turnock - MarRI-UK Zero Carbon Coastal Highway Lunch Lucy Hedges How 5G is Changing the World - and what that means for Maritime Port Technology 5G - From Vision to Reality, Panel Discussion Claire Caminade – Digital Catapult Driving Maritime Collaboration Break Warrick Matthews – Rolls Royce Harnessing the power of data for a connected, high-performance supply chain. Robert Courts MP The Importance of Maritime Innovation to the future success of the sector Innovation Live! Pitches Facilitated by Connected Places Catapult Dr Jo North – Port of Tyne Closing Remarks
Please note, not all speakers used slides. Video content of the event also available.
Building your AI Strategy A practical exercise in planning your first move...
Maritime Innovation Week, Wednesday, 15th June 2022 Charles Radclyffe dataPHILOSOPHER
2050 MARITIME INNOVATION WEEK Port of Tyne 15th June 2022
AN OPEN KNOWLEDGE COMMUNITY “Our goal is to continue to build a trusted network where efforts are shared, recognised, and rewarded fairly, inspiring current and future generations to help deliver on the clean, digital, and safe ambitions of the sector. ” Rosy Staines – Head of Engagement
Creating Awareness of the sector and its people.
Developing skills and democratise digital tools.
Accelerating innovation through expert partnerships and R&D investment.
DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY TRANSFORMATION IS KEY TO THE FUTURE OF MARITIME “Data analytics, digitalisation, and automation The
utilisation of artificial intelligence, machine learning, automation, digital twins, and virtual and augmented reality will radically enhance the maritime working environment. Automation will allow for a more effective throughput of goods, presenting opportunities to ports, the wider supply chain and the end user, to generate greater revenues and/or achieve cost savings. Big data should increase the quality and accuracy of information in real time across the sector, from shipping and offshore energy, to ports and the wider supply chain – enhancing communication, reliability and transparency” Source: Maritime 2050 – Navigating the Future by DIT
https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/maritime-2050navigating-the-future
AI TRENDS
Artificial intelligence is the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. Specific applications of AI include expert systems, natural language processing, speech recognition and machine vision.
USE CASES FOR AI IN MARITIME
Planning Shipment of Containers.
Predictive Scheduling.
Organizing Containers Positioning.
Voyage Planning and Route Forecasting.
Optimizing Fuel Consumption and Emissions Reduction.
Autonomous Ships and Port Operations.
Predictive Maintenance.
Dynamic Pricing for the Shipping Industry.
Demand Predictions
Streamlining Backoffice Operations with NLP
Safety and Threat detection through Computer Vision
And 1000000000……..more
COMPUTER VISION FOR UNDERSEA MORPHOLOGY DATA PROCESSING
WHY THIS PROJECT
• The maritime industry has well documented records spanning decades / centuries. • These data are vital for understanding undersea morphology etc. • Many of these data are hand kept records and or data products derived and then archived. • The project aims to upcycle these data, using ML and AI to derive new products without additional expensive research campaigns.
• Lots of Data • Lots of Manual Process • Genuine business value
WHERE TO START AND WHAT DATA TO USE Which Data to Use?
Maritime
Healthcare
• 3D Point Cloud – MBES / Laser • Seismic – High-Res Single Channel, 2DHR Multi-Channel • Potential Field Data – Magnetometer, Gradiometer, Gravity • Side Scan Sonar • Geotechnical
4: Cell morphology observation in the hemocytometer. Live hepatocytes (A), dead hepatocytes (B), cells beginning to lyse (C), and cell debris (D).
DATA ACQUISITION
THE CURRENT MANUAL PROCESS
OUR VIEW OF AN OPTIMISED AI PROCESS
ONBOARD DATA
LABEL THE DATA
TRAIN YOUR AI
CREATE AN AI MODEL TO AUTOMATE THE END TO END
NEW OPTIMISED PROCESS Automated
THE TEAM AND FUNDING
FUNDING THE TEAM PCiH is a programme of funded innovation accelerator support across Liverpool City Region led by Wirral Council in partnership with delivery leads The University of Liverpool, Wirral Chamber of Commerce, Mersey Maritime and Rainmaking in the Liverpool City Region.
THE ACADEMIC TEAM Jonny Higham is a senior lecturer in the department of geography and planning. A engineer by training Jonny’s specialism and expertise focusses around Environmental Fluid Mechanics (the understanding and characterisation of the motions of water and air in the real-world). Jonny’s enthusiasm for this subject is fuelled by my passion for mathematics and fundamental science and my research is driven by global contextual awareness specifically coastal protection, flooding and airquality.
Michal Motylinski is a PhD student supervised by Jonny and Andy. Michal recently obtained his MSc in Artificial Intelligence and more specifically machine learning. As part of his MSc project Michal worked with worked with astronomers at Liverpool John Moores university developing algorithms to help in the prediction of star phase space density using five-parameter astrometric data.
Andy Plater is a professor in the department of geography and planning. A costal geomorphologist by training Andy has a keen interest in reconstruction system response to changes in sea-level, sediment supply and extreme events. His work mainly focuses on sedimentary archives of environmental change, and what can be determined from these archives in terms of environmental forcing, response and recovery, human impact and sediment provenance. Andy’s work also links to the application of modelling and monitoring to detect, characterise and predict coastal change for climate change adaptation.
THE INDUSTRY TEAM Dave Cullen - Marine Geophysicist with 17 years industry experience in Marine Geophysical Survey sector. Founder and Director of CMSourcing (contract recruitment agency for select survey personnel) and CMGeomatics (geophysical data processing, management and review).
Kevin Smith – CTO and passionate Technologist with broad industry experience in developing and executing strategies through the use of Data Engineering, Artificial intelligence and Visualisation systems.
Dave Power – CTO and HPC Wizard. Distributed Genetic Algorithm specialist and creator of Globally distributed Openstack HPC and AI Cloud platforms
NEXT PHASE - CAN ANYONE BUILD AN AI MODEL DEMOCRATISING AI TOOLS
SELF SERVICE NO CODE PROCESS
Boxtool
Vector tool
Lassoo tool
Ellipse tool
Brush tool
Grabcut
A PORTAL TO BUILD AND SHARE MODELS
THANK YOU FOR YOUR TIME WWW.MARITIME.DIGITAL
Forth Ports Group Connected Ports: Collaborative Data Sharing for a Connected Supply Chain Maritime Innovation Week- Carole Cran
About Forth Ports
Strictly Private & Confidential
Established in 1967, stock market flotation in 1992, now returned to private long-term ownership since 2011
At the forefront of change • First net zero port operator at Tilbury
• First port operator to deliver a large-scale net gain biodiversity development, Tilbury2 • The London Paper Hub, the first automated paper terminal
Strictly Private & Confidential
• First port operator to have dedicated VR backed training facilities
•
The largest warehouse in the UK with automation for Amazon
•
Tilbury2 & London Container Terminal booking-border technology
•
Thames Freeport’s Innovation Programme and 5G connectivity
•
Harnessing Leith’s creative cluster through the Forth Green Freeport plans
Strictly Private & Confidential
At the forefront of change
Supply chain disruption
The Guardian
Bloomberg
The Independent
RHA
Strictly Private & Confidential
Financial Times
Our Purpose & Values SAFE
COLLABORATIVE
PROGRESSIVE
GENUINE
DEPENDABLE
Strictly Private & Confidential
… We take pride in our work and are great collaborators – always striving to create solutions for our customers and stakeholders and investing in the right infrastructure and technologies to help solve their problems …
Forth Ports unitised operations
Strictly Private & Confidential
Forth Ports response
Pandemic impact & shock Active container fleet capacity in TEU (McKinsey)
HGV drivers as declared in ONS Quarterly LFS
London & SE warehouse vacancy rate (Savills)
September 2020
19.65 m
Q3 2019
305 k
January 2020
5.0%
January 2022
16.51 m
Q3 2021
260 k
January 2022
2.9%
Strictly Private & Confidential
Changes in the macro environment
•
Opening of “Satellite sites” at terminals
•
Creation of the “London Container Storage” site
•
BI driven yard management strategy
•
Opening of “Tilbury 2” RoRo port
Max laden TEU stored at one time in Q3 2020
11,531
Max laden TEU stored at one time in Q4 2020
22,891 Strictly Private & Confidential
Pandemic response
Data driven business gains Key aspects of Forth Ports data analytics capability • Self-service for business users • Drop lead time for insights • Remove barriers to entry on accessing good data • Digestible insights for data driven customer discussions AUTOMATED MARKET INTEL
OPERATIONAL KPIs
YARD CAPACITY MANAGEMENT
CONGESTION PREDICTION
MULTI-VARIABLE IMPACT ANALYSIS
INFORMED PARTNER SELECTION
Data Sharing Platforms
Peer to Peer Sharing
Automated Port Plant
Applying Artificial Intelligence to Live Ops Across Our Terminals
To enhance our customer’s view of what is happening in the port & improve supply chain visibility
With freight forwarders, customers, shipping lines, equipment providers and other ports in the supply chains we serve
Consistent operational performance is essential to deliver a predictable & class leading level of service; automation optimises every unit of labour, irrespective of time, season or operator
Pattern/trend detection, planning & sequencing are key areas of focus to ensure we can further optimise box handling operations. Building on our use of existing technology, we recognise that AI & further terminal layout modelling are key to going further
EXTERNAL
LONGER TERM OPPORTUNITIES
Strictly Private & Confidential
Future of data analytics & customer collaboration
Any Questions? Maritime Innovation Week- Carole Cran
Zero Carbon Coastal Highway 15th June 2022 Prof Stephen Turnock Southampton Marine and Maritime Institute University of Southampton
Agenda • •
• •
Background to MarRI-UK Zero Carbon Coastal Highway • AMPS-USV • Green Knight Port Futures Summary
Background to MarRI-UK The UK has a long seafaring tradition and heritage in innovation of the Maritime Sector. However - it can be fragmented and incoherent
Other sectors have created centres or hubs to coordinate research that attract significant funding. The Maritime 2050 strategy provides the UK with a real opportunity to regain a position as a leading innovator in Maritime Science and Technology. MarRI-UK was created to build on the strengths of the Maritime sector and provide a focus for R&I.
Who we are Created by the UK’s leading Maritime Companies and Universities, MarRI-UK is focused on driving sustainable economic growth through innovation in the Sector. Aligned with the UK’s strategy in decarbonising transport, MarRI-UK will tackle innovation and technology challenges in the Sector. MarRI-UK is an open consortium, building on Industry & Academic willingness to collaborate and co-invest with Government for Maritime Innovation. The core team is hosted at the University of Strathclyde.
Our Aims Provide a focus for Research and Innovation collaboration across the UK Maritime Sector: 1. Embed a culture of coherence and collaboration across the UK’s Maritime Research & Innovation ecosystem 2. To drive the integration between industry, representative organisations and academia 3. To amplify and develop rather than duplicate existing organisations 4. Engage in multi-disciplinary research to achieve effective solutions 5. Focus on delivering demonstratable innovations that address the ‘valley of death’ between ‘discovery and research’ and ‘commercialisation; 6. To accelerate technological innovation, optimising impact across the sector and in adjacent sectors; 7. To develop innovation leadership across the sector
Research and Innovation Priorities
Maritime Autonomy
Clean Maritime
Design and Build (Including Integration)
Data and Decision Support Socio-Technical Interaction
Support Cost Reduction
MarRI-UK Flagship Project
Zero-Carbon Coastal Highway – A Proposal to UK Government •
Shipping accounts for 95% of all UK imports and exports (DfT 2019 data)
•
UK relies on road and rail freight to distribute goods from our major ports to regional distribution centres and final point of use
•
We have a major reliance for that on Heavy Goods Vehicles with:
•
– A key impact on available road capacity (congestion reportedly cost the UK economy £6.9bn in 2019) – Significant CO2 emissions – Environmental Air pollution issues and resultant health impacts – Damage to the major roads network (£4.5bn spent on roads maintenance in England alone) There is an opportunity to combine a solution to those challenges with an international maritime growth opportunity based on exploitation of Research and Development
Zero-Carbon Coastal Highway Key Benefits
• Move freight equivalent to 160 million HGV journeys off UK roads saving £1.38 billion / year • Estimate a net £2 billion of additional revenue to the UK economy • 30% - 40% reduction in land-based CO2 emissions • Creation of 39,000 additional jobs across the UK economy • Opportunity to lead the world in the application of shipbuilding and autonomy / automation techniques for coastal shipping • Global market for maritime emission reduction technologies could reach £11bn / year by 2050 • Create an opportunity to drive innovation, productivity improvement, investment and skills development across the UK shipbuilding industry
Strategic Alignment to Government Drivers Road safety Reduced UK road congestion and accidents
Net Zero
Levelling up Greater UK economical prosperity in coastal regions
Positive environmental impact
National Shipbuilding Strategy
Increased competitiveness & Global Britain
Technology & Innovation
Security & Resilience
Economic opportunity for exports
UK technological lead in growing global market
Enhanced UK resilience to major incidents
5
The MarRI-UK Flagship Project Zero-Carbon Coastal Highway – A Proposal to UK Government
The programme is to be achieved through four tranches: • Phase 0 – Modelling and analysis of technology, operation, and economic, social and environmental impacts. • Phase 1 – Design, build and demonstration of a UK-purpose built zero-carbon short seas freighter • Phase 2 – Transformation of the UK ports with the creation of a 5 – 10 vessel fleet • Phase 3 – In Service Phase
University of Southampton Ship Science MEng FEEG6013 Group Design Project Zero Emission Feeder Container Ship Amy Barker, Lauren Thompson-Chisnall, Ying Fei Lim, Jorge Trujillo, Hugo Webber, Chryssie Klavdianos
Dominic Hudson, Georgina Keane
Design Brief and Specification Aim: Objectives : To produce a concept
Zero Emissions End Goal
Modular Powering System
design of zero-emissions feeder containership, that
Lower Resistance Hull form
Intra UK Routes
has the potential to reduce
the UK land based CO2 emissions by 30% - 40% and
Container Stack Analysis
Operational speed 14 knots
600TEU Carrying Capacity
Range 1400nm
congestion by 20%
Routing and Ship Size Easterly Route:
London Gateway
Felixstowe
Hull
Teesport
Forth
Westerly Route: Southampton
Plymouth
Liverpool
Belfast
Fuel Choice
- From low to zero emission
• Fuel with lower emissions Immediate introduction of LNG • Promising non-pollutant fuel Gradual introduction of hydrogen • Challenges for storing both fuels From containerised fuel to large tanks
LNG
H2
H2
2020
2030
2040
Energy density [MJ/kg]
Energy volumetric density [MJ/L]
Density [kg/m3]
120
0.01
0.089
120
8.5
70.79
Ammonia (liquid, -33°C)
18.6
12.7
682
Methanol LNG LPG Batteries HFO
19.9 50.0 46.0 0.875 41.8
14.9 21.2 26.7 2.41 41.0
791 426 503 2600 950
Fuel Hydrogen (gaseous) Hydrogen (liquid, -253°C)
Propulsion plants
- From LNG to hydrogen
• Total supplied power: 5.5 MW for propulsion + 2.5 MW miscellaneous
LNG
H2
Gaselectric
PEM Fuel Cells
3 gensets
40 modules
Electric motor
Prime mover
• Fuel cell system works best with battery integration
Engine room 3D model • LNG
Retrofit
Hydrogen
Measuring Zero EmissionsSuccess End Goal • •
LNG will transition to LH2 producing zero carbon dioxide Cradle to grave life cycle could be completed
Low Resistance Hull form •
Hull resistance successfully reduced by 44.9% from initial design
Container Stack Analysis • •
Investigation into loads on a containerised fuel stack in sea motions completed Sloshing had significant impact on loads experienced in the stack
Modular Machinery • •
Machinery layout allows for a transition to zero emissions Partly modular, design improvement required to further improve modularity
Intra UK Routes • •
Routes selected to allow for UK wide container delivery Analysis into port times and restrictions completed
14 knots Operational Speed •
Brief economic analysis successfully completed to determine RFR of ship
600 TEU Carrying Capacity •
Vessel successfully carries 600 TEUs to meet demand of removing 30% road freight
Requires 29 ships @ $19M
Range 1400 nm •
Machinery and fuel tanks correctly sized to allow ship to travel target range
Port Futures • Key infrastructure for ZCHH will be large, medium and small ports throughout the UK and fleet of vessels • Ambition will be to use the low energy benefits of water transportation providing new transport opportunities at a variety of scales • Digital technologies will enable lean crewed, low energy, zero carbon solutions • Automation of port-ship goods transfer to minmise delays • Focus economic activity at a local scale and help revitalise ports • Distributed port energy bunkering network facilitates green transition for small vessels improving air quality and reducing CO2
infrastructure for Port And Coastal cities and Towns Network
Real, long-lasting, resilient and sustainable infrastructure-led transformations in port and coastal cities and towns
Port and coastal cities and towns: partners and investigators Strathclyde /
Aberdeen Dundee St Andrews
Other UKCRIC universities include London, Edinburgh, Bristol etc
Glasgow Local Authority and other User Partners will contribute: • Testbed sites • User engagement • Supporting data / information • Officer and technical staff time • Meeting venues • Total £57500 UKCRIC will provide • Secondments at UKCRIC facilities • Staff time for project steering • Total £57000
Newcastle Belfast Lancaster / Morecambe
North Norfolk / East Anglia
Swansea Portsmouth Southampton Bournemouth Plymouth
Zero Carbon Coastal Highway Summary • Proposal developed by six leading maritime sector companies and four leading universities as part of MarRI-UK • Supported by the leaders of: – – – – – – –
The Society of Maritime Industries, Maritime UK, British Ports Association, UK Major Ports Group, Associated British Ports, UK Chamber of Shipping and the Maritime Skills Alliance
• Partnership investment of £500 million across Industry and Government over a 10 year period will unlock the opportunity for the UK to provide disruptive technological innovation.
It would create a world-first, consolidating the UK’s world-leading technology and expertise in maritime autonomous systems, in cutting edge material technology and performance analysis, the search for new green fuels and, ultimately, in the regulatory framework that allows such advances to be made in a safe and secure manner
Thankyou and Questions info@marri-uk.org +44 (0) 141 574 5271
www.marri-uk.org @MarRI_UK
Classification:UNCLASSIFIED
Digital Catapult The UK authority on advanced digital technology
Digital Catapult - the UK authority on advanced digital technology. WHAT WE DO: Deliver specialised acceleration and innovation programmes aligned to industry challenges and themes
Our mission is to accelerate industry adoption of advanced technologies, driving growth in the UK economy.
Build testbed facilities, run pilots and proof of concepts and test new business models
We create new opportunities through collaboration and innovation.
Facilitate R&D projects, inform policy recommendations and lead research on emerging tech trends WHO WE WORK WITH:
Government & public sector
Startups & scaleups
Corporates and industry
Investors
Academia
Catapult network
We break down barriers, de-risk innovation, and responsibly shape the products, services and experiences of the future. Virtualisation & cyber-physical systems
Digital and resilient supply chains
Open and interoperable digital Infrastructure
Future Networks – 5G - IoT
3
Immersive technologies
Artificial Intelligence and machine learning
Distributed ledger technologies and distributed solutions
Quantum technologies
Our goal is to accelerate new possibilities for every business we touch.
●
We break down barriers
●
De-risk innovation
●
Open up new markets
To responsibly and sustainably shape the products, services and experiences of the future.
Our scope of activities with industrial end-users We accompany industrial end-users on their innovation journey.
Explore
Ideate
Define
Design
Experiment
Scale
Technical & innovation excellence Our teams of technology & innovation experts & facilities are best in class & help build cutting edge advanced digital & data analytics capabilities.
● ● ● ●
5
Full spectrum of advanced digital technologies : Immersive, AI/ML, Distributed Systems, 5G, IOT Network of 8,000+ digital startups Test beds & facilities showcase the best tech Pioneering new approaches to sustainable systems
Thank you and let’s get in touch claire.caminade@digicatapult.org.uk
Business Model Innovation Warrick Matthews Chief Procurement Officer, Civil Operations June 2022
Strictly Private © 2020 Rolls-Royce Not subject to Export Control Subject to Consultation
What we do?
Civil Aerospace
72 © 2022 Rolls-Royce | Not Subject to Export Control
Our business groups
Civil Aerospace
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Civil Aerospace © 2022 Rolls-Royce | Not Subject to Export Control
Our market leading products
In Service
In Production
AE 3007 | Tay | BR710
BR725 | Pearl 15
© Gulfstream
Trent 1000
In Flight-test Private | Not subject to Export Control | © 2021 Rolls-Royce Pearl700
© Bombardier
In Development Pearl 10X
COVID-19 Impact
COVID-19
RPK (bn) 9000
8000
Asian crisis
6000
Oil crisis
4000
3000
Gulf crisis
5000
Iran-Iraq War
SARS
Note that this chart shows total commercial RPKs (passengers flying on seats per kilometre) for both narrowbody and widebody aircraft (GE/PW/R-R)
9/11 terrorist attack
7000
World recession
Global Traffic (RPK) 1950-2020
-20%
-48%
2000
1000
0 1950
77
Private| © 2020 Rolls-Royce Civil Aerospace proprietary information © 2022 Rolls-Royce | Not Subject to Export 77 Rolls-Royce Not export controlled Control
1955
1960
Base
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
Jefferies recession scenario (-20%)
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
IATA latest forecast (-48%)
2015
2020
Global - EFH 1,800
1,600
EFH – latest forecast (Beta)
1,400
78 78
Civil Aerospace © 2022 Rolls-Royce | Not Subject to Export Control
800
600
400
200
Extrapolation of actuals to month end
Actuals
Baseline
5YP 2021
2022 forecast Beta
Nov-25
Sep-25
Jul-25
May-25
Mar-25
Jan-25
Nov-24
Sep-24
Jul-24
May-24
Mar-24
Jan-24
Nov-23
Sep-23
Jul-23
May-23
Mar-23
Jan-23
Nov-22
Sep-22
Jul-22
May-22
Mar-22
Jan-22
Nov-21
Sep-21
Jul-21
May-21
Mar-21
Jan-21
Nov-20
Sep-20
Jul-20
May-20
Mar-20
China domestic traffic remains a drag on recovery, having experienced a persistent decrease during 2022
1,000
Jan-20
The daily EFH run rate in May is starting to increase and the May total could exceed the linear extrapolation
1,200
EFH '000
Forecast Beta is slightly below (~2%) due to the removal of flying hours associated with Russian airlines (Aeroflot and Rossiya),
Weekly Average EFH (K) 40
Business Aviation – remains resilient -2%
30
Since the start of 2021 we have seen EFH increase significantly. For the first time in June 2021 the weekly flying hours surpassed pre-Covid levels.
20
-85%
Overall fleet activity so far in 2022 remains resilient and on average comparable or above pre-Covid levels. 10
Pre-Covid incl. Fleet Growth Assumption Actuals AP4 2020 Forecast AP1 2021 Forecast 0
79
Civil Aerospace © 2022 Rolls-Royce | Not Subject to Export Control
Jan.20
CW 16
Juli20
Jan.21
Juli21
Jan.22
Juli22
Dec 22
Business Aviation Fleet including: 710, 725, Tay Corp, AE Corp
Consolidation Focus on class-leading suppliers
Pearl 700 precision machining conference
Long-term agreements for high perf. suppliers
14
suppliers
4
£3.2bn
suppliers
Purchasing innovation
Preconference
Digitisation
Postconference
Contracts digitised
New ways of sourcing
4k
Procurement excellence Efficiency & effectiveness
Resilience Long-term agreements 80
Civil Aerospace
2022 Civil Aerospace © 2022 Rolls-Royce | Not Subject to Export ©Control Rolls-Royce
Significant value generation through advanced digital tools
Procurement academy to upskill our team
Escalation caps
Hedging
• Majority of TOP contracts w/o inflation flow through • Drive for flat pricing or caps
• Strong hedging position and directed buy control of metal
Optimising our supply chain for sustainability
Revert
Supply Chain Footprint
High Performance
Digital
Drive to net zero shapes the future We play a vital role in the decarbonisation of our industry.
The transition to net zero represents a tremendous opportunity for Rolls-Royce.
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Time for Questions