Table of Content
1. Concept 2. Design Development 3. Function 4. Process 5. Joints 6. Material 7. Force and Load Distribution 8. Appendix
BUILDING CONTRUCTION II PROJECT 1 Skeletal Construction “Shelter for One� The objective of this project is to understand the structural components of the skeletal structure and its reaction under loading. It is important for designer to demonstrate it as skeletal construction is one of the most widely used structures for building support. Students are assigned to construct a max base size of 0.75 x 0.75m and a max height of 1.5m. The shelter was to be elevated at least 5 inches from the ground.
Tutor: Ar. Sateerah
Concept
Design Concept
Design Strategy
Initial idea of the shelter-forone is developed from brief given with maximum base size of 0.75 x 0.75m and maximum height of 1.5m.
Rocking Horse The initial idea was inspired by the rocking horse (or rocking chair) which found to be soothing and comfortable because of the gentle motion.
The idea of ‘rocking shelter’ is applied to advance interaction between human and the design as well as promote its therapeutic benefits.
Healthy Shelter Gentle rocking found to be a good exercise for the mind, body and spirit. Shelter should combined with therapeutic benefits to heal the user.
Cylinder shape gives the ability to rock back and forth. Activity Space Shelter
Void formed as a space for human activity purpose in the way that the rocking function is not being affected.
Design Development
1st Evolution
2nd Evolution
3rd Evolution
Final Evolution
-Skeletal frame is applied to the initial concept.
-Save the space by extending the void to provide flexible space for human activity. -Rood has been extended big enough to cover the shelter from the rain and hot sun.
-Roof added to protect the shelter. Installed on the top but not the sides for cross ventilation propose. -Supports have added to carry the roof as well as human loads.
-Rope is used with proper lashing to produce seats and cup holder. -Rope is also used to connect every skeletal structures tightly. -Stopper is used to limit the range of motion to avoid falling.
Function
Every parts of the shelter has its own function, whether to transfer weight, shading or sitting.
Objects Placing Area Sitting Area
Shading
Place to put personal stuff and also act as weight transferer
Sitting Area
Rocking chair with stoppers
Process
1. Cane Curving Wooden Curver
Bunsen burner
The cane is heated by using a bunsen burner to allow it to be curved.
1100 mm 300mm
The heated cane is placed on the wooden curver to curve the cane into desired shape.
750mm The canes have been successfully curved.
2. Cane Cutting x6
Wood Cutting Machine
x1 740 m m
The remaining straight canes are cut into segments to use as the support system.
690 m m
250 mm
x4
220 m m
x4
The canes with different lengths are used as the skeleton of the shelter, including the sitting area, supporting structures and shape-fixing structures.
Process
3. Connection Between Canes
Kikir Parut
The curved surfaces on both sides of the cane enhance the binding area on both canes, make the canes to bind more easily.
Both sides of the segments of canes are honed by using the ‘kikir parut’ to increase the connecting surfaces of the joining canes.
4. Drill In The Support System
6. Sub-supporting System/ Position Fixing Elements
5. Installing of Stoppers
The segments of canes are drilled into the curved canes to act as the supporting elements. Plywood stopper
The stoppers are made of used plywood. The stoppers limit the rocking angle of the shelter to ensure safety.
1
Longer segments of canes are placed on 4 positions on the curved canes to 2 fix the shape of the shelter and 3 also to enhance 4 the stability of it.
Process
Sitting Area
7. Sitting Area Sitting area
Objects placing area
The PVC rope is used to tied at the sitting area. It makes the shelter to be aesthetic and more comfortable to be sit on, the tied pattern is used as it strengthens the load carrying capacity of the shelter.
Objects Placing Area Hemp rope is used in this area as the rough surface of it creates friction which prevent the objects from falling down.
The sitting area consists of a small part as a space to put on things such as books and handphones.
9. Installing The Shading
8. Tied Up The Back Of The Shelter
Hemp Rope
The back of the shelter is tied by using hemp rope as it strengthened and fixed the shape of the shelter. It can also act as a border to prevent people from falling backwards while rocking the shelter.
The shading that made of used banner and bamboos is added on the shelter. The shelter is completed.
Joints
Notch Joint Notch joints are applied on here due to the stability and strength for the structure. The notch joints are made by cutting off the side of the cane to connect the suitable diameter of the joining cane. At the same time, the top of the cane is grinded into curve shape to connect both canes.
The curve shape which is grinded on the cane
Butt Joint Butt joint can be found at the bottom part of the shelter. It is used to interconnect the base structure with other structure. Other than that, this can use to secure the base structure and enable the shelter to sway safety. Shading
Nail
Joint between Shading and the Bamboo Structure
Rope
Lower Part of Shelter Shading (Recycled Banner)
The shading is supported by two bamboos at each side. The bamboo is inserted into the recycled banner (shading) through the hole that had been cut on it. After that, rope is used to tie the bamboo and the lower part of the cane in order to secure the base and the shading of the shelter. Therefore, the shading is stable.
Joints
Knot and Lashing
Macrame knot Macrame knot is used to form a seat for the shelter. It not merely withstands the tensile strength meanwhile creating an aesthetic outlook of the shelter.
Shear Lashing This is applied on the both ends of the notch joint in order to strengthen and secure the combination of notch joints.
Usual lashing This can be found at the back part of the shelter. It is applied on there in order to allow the people to lie on it. Hence, the force can be gathered by it and spread to the side.
Joints
Notch Joint
Joint between The Shading and The Bamboo Structure
Usual Lashing
Shear Lashing
Macrame Knot Butt Joint
Material
RATTAN
PLYWOOD
Strong and durable. Does not split, break and crack easily.
Light, minimize the load of the shelter.
Stiff enough to bend into various shape and will not deform.
High-impact resistance, chemical resistance and a high strength-toweight ratio.
Eco-friendliness. Made from environmentally friendly, non-toxic and 100% recyclable fibers. The rattan is the main material for the shelter.
Act as the stopper to prevent the user from over shaking and fall of the shelter.
ROPE
PLASTIC COVER
Strong and rough, high tensile strength.
Flexible and high elasticity, stretchable.
Light weight, easy to handle. Good resistance to oil and organic solvents. Use to tie the joint and edges, serve as platform for placing things.
Light weight, rigid. Water resistant, does not easily degrade. Resistant to creep and chemicals.
Load / Force The three canes placed between the seat and the bottom can transfer the live load to the panel or curved cane. To make the seat more stable, we placed them like a roof truss. The middle cane is the main support of the seat and the other two canes are supporting the main support.
For the backrest, we use the rope to bind. so the dead load of the shelter can be reduce and comfort the person who sit in the shelter as the shelter can rock.
Appendix
Our first mock- up model to test our design
Cutting of canes
Smoothening of canes to create joints
Shelter before putting the shading
Testing whether it can withstand the weight
Group Members: Yew Jie En 0319285 Lee Yi Na 0318211 Chua Chang Yeong 0314044 Hon Yi Hang 0318473 Sen Yih Ying 0318890 Prisca Kwan May Yan 0318530
Failure: As we design the shelter we neglected the point that how we can it applied to our building in term of the foundation, columns, roof and joints. We thought that it is stable in the instability but it can’t be applied in a building construction
The shadingf if soft and movable. If we apply in our building, it resembles that our roof can be destroyed and move due to the weather condition
The strings that we tied to the shading is weak and if we apply to our building, it as a weak and shaky column.
The rocky shelter. It resembles that our building has an shaky foundation.
The shelter was slanted after we tried rocking it after 2 minutes, we consulted our lecturers how to improved and alter our shelter and therefore we came out with a solution.
SOLUTION With the suggestion of our lecturers and the consideration of our design, as a group we agreed to dismantle everything and start afresh.
The curvy cane is use as the structure (roof truss) for the shading (roof ) with the three canes supporting it which resembles the roof truss in real building.
Another factor that we failed is because we were unable to secure the shelter from moving, thus we added a plywood between the two canes.
The shading we used hemp rope to tie the banner to the cane to secure it. The base we used plywood that we found for the base. It is tough is enough to withstand the weight of a 60kg person. We added a few pieces of wood at the bottom of the cane to prevent it from shaking
CONCLUSION Though we might lose some marks in this project, yet we learn that we should design and build our buildings that is buildable, rather than its aesthetics and good concept. We were thankful that our lecturers gave us a chance to alter and amend our shelter. We learned from our lesson and yet to be a better student that not only can design nice building but also can be build as an real structure. Also, from the report that we have done we learn much about joints, material and load and force distribution. After amending we learn more about how to make a structure more stable, usable and functionable.