Famous QUOTATIONS & Pictures by Prof.-Dr. Benjamin Gal-Or

FAMOUS QUOTATIONS PICTURES &

Quotations Collected by Benjamin Gal-‐Or

Once a nation begins to think, it is impossible to stop it. -‐-‐-‐-‐-‐ Voltaire It is dangerous to be right when those in authority are wrong. -‐-‐-‐-‐-‐ Voltaire Do what you feel to be right, for you'll be criticized anyway. -‐-‐-‐-‐-‐ Eleanor Roosevelt

No science is immune to the corruption of Politics -‐-‐-‐-‐-‐ Jacob Brunowski “The happiness of your life depends upon the quality of your thoughts.” -‐ -‐-‐-‐― Marcus Aurelius Great spirits have always encountered violent opposition from mediocre minds. -‐-‐-‐-‐-‐ Albert Einstein Man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains -‐-‐-‐-‐ Rousseau Timid men prefer the calm of despotism to the tempestuous sea of liberty -‐-‐-‐-‐-‐ Thomas Jefferson No style of thinking will survive which cannot produce a usable product when survival is at stake. -‐-‐-‐-‐-‐ Thomas Favill Gladwin Any fool can criticize, condemn and complain, and most fools do. -‐-‐-‐-‐-‐ Dale Carnegie Strategy without tactics is the slowest route to victory, tactics without strategy is the noise before defeat. -‐-‐-‐-‐-‐ Sun Tzu Man is stranger to his own research; He knows not whence he comes, nor whither goes; Tormented atoms in a bed of mud; Devoured by death, a mockery of fate; But thinking atoms, whose far-‐seeing eyes, Guided by thoughts, have measured the faint stars; Our being mingles with infinite; Ourselves we never see, or come to know. -‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐ Voltaire All reality is one entity, one in cause, one in origin. -‐-‐-‐-‐-‐ Giordano Bruno

You sadist. You make people think. -‐-‐-‐-‐-‐ Ezra Pound Even the categories in which facts are collected and ordered vary according to the social position of the observer. -‐-‐-‐-‐ Karl Mannheim It is better to light a single candle than to curse the darkness. -‐-‐-‐-‐-‐ Chinese Proverb Not even wrong! -‐-‐-‐-‐ Wolfgang Pauli (about a physics manuscript submitted for publication) When men are most sure and arrogant they are commonly most mistaken, giving views to passion without that proper deliberation which alone can secure them from the grossest absurdities. -‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐ David Hume It is important when scientists are called upon to play their part in the world of affairs, as is happening to an increasing extent. -‐-‐-‐-‐-‐ Sir William Lawrence Bragg People are born ignorant, not stupid; it is education that makes them stupid. -‐-‐-‐-‐-‐ Old adage (advanced by B. Russell) compare with: ''never lose your ignorance'', "ignorance is bliss", a common adage. Imagination is more important than knowledge. Knowledge is limited. Imagination encircles the world. -‐-‐-‐-‐-‐ Albert Einstein Perfection of means and confusion of goals, seem – in my opinion – to characterize our age. -‐-‐-‐-‐-‐ Albert Einstein

Music is a moral law. It gives soul to the universe, wings to the mind, flight to the imagination, and charm and gaiety to life and to everything. -‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐ Plato Everything is connected with everything else -‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐ Plato All the rivers run into the sea. Yet the sea is not full. -‐-‐-‐-‐-‐ King Solomon Be on your guard against all kinds of greed: A man's life does not consist in the abundance of his possessions. -‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐ Luke 12:15 Some subjects are so serious that one can only joke about them. -‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐ Niels Bohr We haven’t the money, so we’ve got to think. -‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐ Lord Ernest Rutherford Every worthwhile accomplishment, big or little, has its stages of drudgery and triumph; a beginning, a struggle and a victory. -‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐ Ghandi Anyone who has never made a mistake has never tried anything new. -‐-‐-‐-‐-‐ Albert Einstein Ohne Musik wäre das Leben ein Irrtum. [Without music, life would be a mistake.] -‐-‐-‐-‐-‐ Nietzsche God may have created Man in his own image, but Man has more than returned the favor. -‐-‐-‐-‐-‐ Voltaire The individual has always had to struggle to keep from being overwhelmed by the tribe. If you try it, you will be lonely often, and sometimes frightened. But no price is too high to pay for the privilege of owning yourself. -‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐ Nietzsche

Those who think learnt by themselves and not from Sages. -‐-‐-‐-‐-‐ Huan Yin Tze It is man’s social being that determines his thinking. -‐-‐-‐-‐-‐ Mao Tse-‐tung The man who trims himself to suit everybody will soon whittle himself away. -‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐ Charles Schwab Everything is foreseeable but permission is given. -‐-‐-‐ Rabbi Akiva Ben Yossef (Killed by the Romans between 130-‐140) The most incomprehensible about the world is that it is comprehensible. -‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐ Albert Einstein. (Gravitation is not responsible for people falling in love. ) Are not the mountains, waves and skies a great part of me and I of them? -‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐ Lord Byron as quoted by Schopenhauer It is essential for the men of science to take an interest in the administration of their own affairs or else the professional civil servant will step in – and then the Lord helps you. _____ Rutherford May the spirit of Newton’s method give the power to restore unison between physical reality and the profoundest characteristics of Newton’s teaching-‐strict causality. -‐-‐-‐-‐-‐ Albert Einstein The best engineers are those who, in addition to technical expertise, have had good training in the liberal arts and understand the world around them. -‐-‐-‐-‐-‐ Admiral Rikover Quantum physics formulates laws governing crowds of particles, not individuals. -‐-‐-‐-‐-‐ Albert Einstein

Space and bodies are not really different. -‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐ Baruch Spinoza Human existence is based upon two pillars: Compassion and knowledge. Compassion without knowledge is ineffective; knowledge without compassion is inhuman. -‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐ Victor Weisskopf Every great and deep difficulty bears in itself its own solution. -‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐ Victor Weisskopf In every era the attempt must be made anew to wrest tradition away from a conformism that is about to overpower it. -‐-‐-‐-‐-‐ Walter Benjamin You're the same today as you will be 5 years from now except for the books you read and the people you meet. -‐-‐-‐-‐-‐ Charlie "Tremendous" Jones Never doubt that a small group of thoughtful, committed citizens can change the world. Indeed, it is the only thing that ever has. -‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐ Margaret Mead As the soil, however rich it may be, cannot be productive without cultivation, so the mind without culture can never produce good fruit. -‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐ Seneca Be more concerned with your character than your reputation, because your character is what you really are, while your reputation is merely what others think you are. -‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐ John Wooden 1910-‐2010 Don't walk in front of me, I may not follow. Don't walk behind me, I may not lead. Just walk beside me and be my friend. -‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐ Albert Camus Obstacles are those frightful things you see when you take your eyes off your goal. -‐-‐-‐-‐-‐ Henry Ford

The pursuit of knowledge for its own sake, an almost fanatical love of justice, and the desire for personal independence-‐-‐these are the features of Jewish tradition which make me thank my stars that I belong to it. -‐-‐-‐-‐-‐ Albert Einstein He gave man speech, and speech created thought, which is the measure of the universe; and science struck the thrones of earth and heaven. -‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐ Percy B. Shelley, Prometheus Unbound And I gave my heart to seek and search out by wisdom concerning all things that are done under Heaven… For in much wisdom is much grief; and he who increaseth knowledge increases sorrow. -‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐ King Solomon The right to search for truth implies also a duty. One must not conceal any part of what one has recognized to be true. -‐-‐-‐-‐-‐ Albert Einstein It is impossible to demonstrate the non-‐contradictoriness of a logical mathematics system using only the means offered by the system itself. -‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐ Kurt Gödel He who can properly define and divide is to be considered a god -‐-‐-‐-‐ Plato It is better to remain silent and be thought a fool than to open one's mouth and remove all doubt. -‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐ Abraham Lincoln Every child is an artist. The problem is how to remain an artist once we grow up. -‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐ Picasso Live the life you have imagined. -‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐ Henry David Thoreau Be yourself; everyone else is already taken.-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐ Oscar Wilde Only those who risk going too far can possibly find out how far they can go. -‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐ T.S. Elliot

FAUST: 'Tis writ: 'in the beginning was the Word!' I pause, to wonder what is here inferred? The Word I cannot set supremely high, A new translation I will try. I read, if by the spirit I am taught, This sense: 'In the beginning was the Thought'. This opening I need to weigh again, Or sense may suffer from a hasty pen. Does Thought create, and work, and rule the hour? 'Twere best: 'In the beginning was the Power!' Yet, while the pen is urged with willing fingers, A sense of doubt and hesitancy lingers. The spirit come to guide me in my need, I write, 'In the beginning was the Deed!' -‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐ Goethe A nation's greatness is measured by how it treats its weakest members. -‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐ Gandhi The reward for conformity was that everyone liked you except yourself. -‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐ Rita Mae Brown The price of hating other human beings is loving oneself less. -‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐ Eldridge Cleaver Wherever you go , go with your whole heart. -‐-‐-‐-‐-‐ Confucius Happiness comes when your work and words are of benefit to yourself and others. -‐-‐-‐-‐-‐ Buddha The harder I work, the luckier I get. -‐-‐-‐-‐-‐ Goldwyn If you light a path for someone it will also brighten your path. -‐-‐-‐-‐-‐ Chinese proverb

I have never killed a man, but I have read many obituaries with great pleasure. -‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐ Clarence Darrow No man can put a chain about the ankle of his fellow man without at last finding the other end fastened about his own neck.-‐-‐-‐-‐ Tim Cavanaugh If you have integrity, nothing else matters. If you don't have integrity, nothing else matters. -‐-‐-‐-‐-‐ Alan Simpson If you don't want to have critics: don't do anything and don't be anybody -‐-‐-‐ ??? It's interesting to look back and see what the pioneers did and see how creative they were -‐ and they didn't have the material that we do now. We must always be thinking of the next invention. You never reach a mature technology -‐ it always improves and can be quite dramatic -‐ there's no end to the future of improvement. -‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐ Dr. Sam Williams (1921-‐2009) You .... cannot strengthen the weak by weakening the strong. You .... cannot help small men by tearing down big men. You...cannot help the poor by destroying the rich. You....cannot help the wage earner by pulling down the wage payer. You....cannot keep out of trouble by spending more than your income. You ... cannot further the brotherhood of man by inciting class hatred. You.....cannot establish security on borrowed money. You.....cannot build character and courage by taking away a man's initiative and independence.

You ..... cannot help men permanently by doing for them what they could and should do for themselves. -‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐ J. Paul Getty Friendship marks a life even more deeply than love. Love risks degenerating into obsession, friendship is never anything but sharing. -‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐ Elie Wiesel Who is rich? The one who is happy with what he has. -‐-‐-‐ biblical adage “Thermodynamics cannot be fathomed in all its profundity in a single pass.” — Joseph Kestin (1966), A Course in Thermodynamics [31] “Thermodynamics is a funny subject. The first time you go through it, you don't understand it at all. The second time you go through it, you think you understand it, except for one or two small points. The third time you go through it, you know you don't understand it, but by that time you are so used to it, it doesn't bother you anymore.” — Arnold Sommerfeld, Quotations Collected by Bernard Marr/Published by Linkedin “Happiness is when what you think, what you say, and what you do are in harmony.” ― Mahatma Gandhi “For every minute you are angry you lose sixty seconds of happiness.” ― Ralph Waldo Emerson “It isn't what you have or who you are or where you are or what you are doing that makes you happy or unhappy. It is what you think about it.” ― Dale Carnegie

“The difference between a successful person and others is not a lack of strength, not a lack of knowledge, but rather a lack of will.” –Vince Lombardi “The best way out is always through.” – Robert Frost “Nothing diminishes anxiety faster than action.” –Walter Anderson “The only way to do great work is to love what you do. If you haven’t found it yet, keep looking. Don’t settle.” – Steve Jobs “What you get by achieving your goals is not as important as what you become by achieving your goals.” – Goethe “Remember that happiness is a way of travel, not a destination.” – Roy Goodman “Motivation is a fire from within. If someone else tries to light that fire under you, chances are it will burn very briefly.” – Stephen Covey “The successful warrior is the average man, with laser-‐like focus.” – Bruce Lee “Unless you try to do something beyond what you have already mastered, you will never grow.”–Ralph Waldo Emerson “Learn to value yourself, which means: fight for your happiness.” ― Ayn Rand “A successful man is one who can lay a firm foundation with the bricks others have thrown at him.” – David Brinkley

“Success is not to be measured by the position someone has reached in life, but the obstacles he has overcome while trying to succeed.” – Booker T. Washington “All happiness depends on courage and work.” ― Honoré de Balzac “Failure is the opportunity to begin again more intelligently.” – Henry Ford “Without self-‐discipline, success is impossible, period.” –-‐-‐-‐ Lou Holtz “Excellence is the gradual result of always striving to do better.” -‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐– Pat Riley “Happiness is not the absence of problems, it's the ability to deal with them.” ― Steve Maraboli “Many of life’s failures are people who did not realize how close they were to success when they gave up.” – Thomas A. Edison “Happiness is the meaning and the purpose of life, the whole aim and end of human existence.” ― Aristotle “If you don’t design your own life plan, chances are you’ll fall into someone else’s plan. And guess what they have planned for you? Not much.” – Jim Rohn

“Those who are not looking for happiness are the most likely to find it, because those who are searching forget that the surest way to be happy is to seek happiness for others.” ― Martin Luther King Jr. “There are two ways to get enough. One is to continue to accumulate more and more. The other is to desire less.” ― G.K. Chesterton “There is only one success – to be able to spend your life in your own way.” – Christopher Morley “Don't aim at success. The more you aim at it and make it a target, the more you are going to miss it. For success, like happiness, cannot be pursued; it must ensue, and it only does so as the unintended side effect of one's personal dedication to a cause greater than oneself or as the by-‐product of one's surrender to a person other than oneself.” ― Viktor E. Frankl, “Action is the foundational key to all success.” – Pablo Picasso “The best years of your life are the ones in which you decide your problems are your own. You do not blame them on your mother, the ecology, or the president. You realize that you control your own destiny.” – Albert Ellis ======== Success is not evaluated just by what you have accomplished, but mainly by what opposition, incompetence and ignorance you had to overcome. -‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐ 8.8.2010, me at FB,

When acts betray lips trust the acts not the speaker. -‐-‐-‐-‐ 1.1.2011, me at FB

PICTURES taken from BG Online Booklets by ISSUUE, 2015-2016

COSMIC-‐TRAVEL "END-‐of-‐LIFE" At This "COSMIC CEMETERY". Figure 1: The 4 yellow arrows inside these cosmic, expanding, dark, coldest, "Empty Spaces", or "Voids" represent the Universal Cemetery

With pictures that follow, this one also illustrates the cosmological origin of all science, all Physics, all Evolution at all times.

These pictures represent intergalactic/interstellar "winds" or "jets"

that, post traveling from active stars and galaxies, finally arrive, dissipate and "die" inside these cosmic, expanding, dark, coldest, "empty spaces", or "voids" shown in more details of scale and uniform distribution in the NASA-‐MAP-‐Figure 3 below. The winds/jets start their travel at active stars & galaxies and after up to 17 billion years of space travel, enter these "voids" "to ever rest there irreversibly".

The cold expanding voids thus become the largest "Cosmic Dumping Space", "Universal Sink", or "cemetery" between all super-‐clusters of (non-‐expanding) galaxies shown here as "filaments" and "walls".

NOTES: The winds-‐jets enter each cosmic void from all directions (Represented by the 4 yellow arrows), thereby, with back-‐force (Momentum conservation) like the thrust driving rockets and jet engines, they push/accelerate the "walls" away, the so called accelerated EXPANSION OF THE UNIVERSE,

v v v v v v v

WHEREFORE: These expanding, coldest "voids-‐sinks" become the MASTER ARROW OF TIME, ROOT-‐CAUSE of the SECOND LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS, POINT of STARTING TEACHING of unified SCIENCE, Unified PHYSICS Unified EVOLUTION=HISTORY of LIFE and of all STRUCTURES UNDER EINSTEIN's GRAVITY PHYSICS, General Relativity. See below.

Comprehension: The marked yellow "winds-‐jets" enter all voids from all directions. BASIC CLASSICAL PHYSICS: Subject to momentum conservation, these "winds-‐jets" push back, and away, all non-‐expanding, by gravity, "matter-‐filaments-‐walls" of super-‐clusters of millions galaxies around each, evenly distributed voids, Fig. 3. Said thermodynamic and thrusting processes cause the well-‐verified Einstein-‐Hubble inertial expansion, since the 'BIG BANG', to accelerate the expansion. Wherefore, there is no need to speculate on immeasurable dark-‐energy that is claimed to fill-‐up the entire cosmos and our solar system to account for the 1998-‐discovered acceleration of the Einstein-‐Hubble expansion and accordingly to change Einsteinian Gravity Physics, EGP, or GENERAL RELATIVITY. RECAP: Inside each void the "winds-‐jets" clash in virtual "adiabatic surfaces", Fig. 2, and dissipate there irreversibly as the end of their cosmic travel, some as long as 17 billion years. Preliminary Origin Conclusions: These verified thermodynamic processes provide the root-‐ cause for: 1) The cosmological origin of theoretical physics, including the second law of thermodynamics, 2) The origin of all observed time asymmetries, 3) The origin of all life evolution. [14-‐20]. 4) The philosophy of Gravitism based on EGP, 5) The unequivocally proof that dark-‐energy does not account for the 1998-‐discovered acceleration of the Einstein-‐Hubble expansion of the universe, because simple classical physics and astronomy, do it herein. 6) That claims based on immeasurable dark energy are misleading and wrong, 7) That to associate dark energy with demands to "correct" well-‐verified EGP is tantamount to (a) The greatest mistake in Science, (b) The greatest loss of trust in today's theoretical physics and in scientific periodicals that support dark energy during the last 18 years. 8) Supporting similar issues raised by string theories are presented in Appendix A. These preliminary conclusions are further defined, explained and proved by Figures 2 to 3

and demonstrated by Thought Experiment provided below.

Figure 2: "DARK ENERGY HOAX" from the "Astrophysical School's" point of view, Figure taken from page 283 in our book "Cosmology, Physics and Philosophy", [Published reviews on this "Astrophysical School" are provided below]. VOIDS EQUIVALENCE: Due to observed uniform distribution of the voids in intergalactic space, Fig. 3, the study of one is closely equivalent to the study of all, namely, the sole root-‐ cause of all irreversible processes in the cosmos is originated by these expanding-‐cooling voids; from about 4,000 degrees at radiation-‐dominated-‐era-‐end, down to 2.7 degrees K that currently rules all cold voids. CLUSTERS I and II represent all super-‐clusters of galaxies. The marked EXPANDING, UNSATURABLE, SPACE "1" represents the expanding voids shown in NASA-‐MAP Fig. 3. The voids are located between all Super-‐clusters of galaxies shown in the Map, or in similar published maps of the visible universe. It is the largest dumping space, or "sink" of the universe. Much larger then any BLACK HOLE can provide. In fact, all radiation flowing into SPACE-‐1, from stars and galaxies, end their travel there

Depression in energy-‐density gradients between Clusters I and II represents gradients inside the expanding voids. Nearby expanding voids are half-‐shown. Energy-‐gradients in intergalactic SPACE-‐2, which wraps all non-‐expanding clusters and super-‐clusters of galaxies, and interstellar SPACE-‐3 located inside each galaxy, as marked. "Adiabatic walls" are virtual surfaces that encage each expanding void and thus prevent net energy flow from one expanding void to another due to their uniform distribution in space. [Figure 3]. Energy still flows through this surface in opposing directions, but the net value is zero. By rocket-‐type reaction, the winds-‐jets that enter each void from all directions push out the "walls" of non-‐expanding, super-‐clusters of galaxies around each, causing acceleration of the left-‐over EINSTEIN-‐HUBBLE expansion inertia. Wrongly the detected acceleration is claimed as caused by a mysterious "dark energy" that "fills the entire universe", thus 'requires' correcting a mistake in Einsteinian Gravity Physics.

Figure 3: Dark, coldest, expanding "Empty Spaces", or "Voids", are located between all v. non-‐expanding "filaments" or "walls" of super-‐clusters of galaxies: The dark, coldest, expanding VOIDS are evenly distributed between the super-‐ clusters of galaxies, some are marked in pink. Each void encounters fast, incoming inter-‐galactic/interstellar "winds" as radiation "jets". An example is marked with yellow arrows in Fig. 1. Two rules of physics take place RE the root-‐cause of the 1998-‐discovery of accelerated expansion of the universe:

(i) momentum conservation, which control rocket-‐type thrust that pushes away the non-‐expanding filaments and walls of the super-‐clusters around each void, (ii) the effect of (i) on inertia that control the Einstein-‐Hubble expansion since the Big-‐Bang. Theorists identified below claim that the 1998-‐detected acceleration in the expansion of the universe is caused by mysterious "dark energy" that fills the entire universe, and accordingly, physics must be "corrected" to fit their "Dark Energy Speculations".

Figure 4: SPACE-‐"2" wraps all non-‐expanding galaxies [Fig. 2] and all

non-‐expanding SPACE-‐"3" where super-fast, interstellar winds, flow out to SPACE-"2" and next, permanently and irreversibly dissipate in the coldest, expanding SPACE-‐"1", Fig. 2, composed of cold, dark, expanding VOIDS located between the Super-‐Clusters of galaxies. [Figures 2 & 3]. All images from author's books & Wikipedia.

Figure 5: No proof was ever established that these "Hail-‐Cannons" do anything but raise loud noise, fool media editors, the public, donors and government to fund otherwise needed moneys for better education, health programs, the army, and helping the poor and elders. Claims made today by about 400 theorists at Fermilab, Universities of Chicago, Pennsylvania, Ohio State, UCL & Argonne National Lab, DOE, NSF, IEEC, IFAE, OzDEZ, NOAD, NCSA, SLAC, CTIO, LMU in Germany, UK Consortium, universities in London, and supported by SCIENCE-‐AAAS, are voided by (a) applying simple momentum conservation which unequivocally proves that "dark energy" is nothing but Chimera, (b) resorting to Chimerian base & immeasurable "dark energy", to claim that Einstein Gravity Physics is wrong, (c) maintaining (a) & (b) results in the greatest mistake in Science, generated by theorists and supported by SCIENCE-‐AAAS.

Within organized shows, some Chimerian players throw up "dark-‐hail", which instead of falling back by gravity, is speeding up to the sky, whereby they (i) fool fellow scientists, media editors, the public, donors & international governments, to raise astronomical funds for space craft & instrumentation aimed to measure the immeasurable "dark hail", (ii) exploit the 1998-‐discovery that the universe is NOT slowing down its expansion by gravity, but, by "dark hail", is accelerating, (iii) help sell computer-‐simulations as "tests" of claimed Chimera properties that dictate to "correct" Einstein Gravity Physics. Details below.

Why EINSTEIN was HORRIFIED? Einstein published his Gravity Physics, known as General Relativity, in November 1915, post checking if it correctly predicts published, irregular, precise, motions of the planet Mercury. He found total agreement with said astronomical observations, agreement that no other theory had accomplished before. In 1918-‐1919 his field equations were re-‐confirmed by correctly predicting the gravity-‐ induced, bending of light passing near a large mass, in this first case, the sun. Next, a Russian mathematician proved that Einstein's Field Equations, when applied to cosmology, show that Einstein's cosmos cannot stay stable, it must expand or contract. Einstein was horrified. Strong social and religious pressures forced him to add a simple constant to his equations, to make his world "stable". A few years later, Hubble, in the U.S., proved that, indeed, our universe is expanding, that, in fact, all galaxies run away from each other. Einstein had thus predicted what Hubble proved later: We live in an expanding universe, and because it has been expanding, there had been a "beginning", which nowadays is called "Big Bang", but should be termed "Einstein Genesis", or "Einstein-‐Bang".

Most famously, Einstein next rejected this Ghost Number, partly as WARNING to SCIENTISTS to avoid Fooling Themselves, and mainly characterizing his own yielding to add it to his well-‐verified world equations, the most misleading-‐intervening social pressure in science, and the "worse blunder" of his life.

A Thought Experiment

omorrow the voids expansion stops and temperatures in SPACES 3 to 1 gradually

rise to those in the center of stars or galactic centers, eventually, thermal equilibrium is reached, by which all processes stop. THUS, (a) stellar evolution, which produces the building blocks of life, is impossible without energy the expansion and without the energy-‐density marked in Fig. 2, gradients generated by said expanding-‐cooling of the voids, (b) Expansion of SPACE-‐1 causes outflowing radiation (interstellar winds, or jets, Fig. 3] emerging from active stars and galaxies, to gradually proceed to SPACE-‐2 and dissipated in SPACE-‐1. A note on the 1964-‐discovered Cosmic black-‐body radiation: It is a remnant, left-‐over, radiation glow that has expanded with VOIDS/SPACE-‐1 during about 17 billion years. It is cooled by the expansion itself from about 4,000-‐3,000 K to about 270 degrees below zero C. Accordingly, this black-‐body radiation provides one of the direct proofs that VOIDS/SPACE-‐1 has expanded and is forming the sole universal, thermodynamic "sink" in the cosmos. A note on Black holes: These are local "sinks" whose energy dissipating capacities form important research subjects but so far do not provide the sole universal sink. CONCLUSION-‐I: Our simple technical proof denies and replaces a mystic, immeasurable, dark energy that fills the entire cosmos as own-‐generated by armies of proponents who

extract billions for space-‐craft, instrumentation and activities based on baseless claims that are not only misleading and fooling fellow scientists, media editors and the public, but, to put it short: Are nothing but 18-‐years re-‐sold Chimera to the government and the public. CONCLUSION-‐II: Said Dark-‐Energy Armies, "DEA" are composed of highly-‐devoted proponents who fool themselves and sponsors to finance their grand Chimera, partly because they fail to account for their inability to read and comprehend this counter-‐dark-‐ energy-‐proof. In short: (i) DEA resurrect a Misleading, Ghost Number, Historically and Wrongly Called "Cosmological Constant", which is nothing but a "Socio-‐Religious Prejudice Constant", or "SoRePreC", enforced on gentle Einstein to add to his well-‐ verified Gravity Field Equations to stop the socially-‐unwanted expanding universe predicted by his famous, well-‐verified equations. (ii) DEA reject and/or ignore verified astrophysical evidence used by this Astrophysical School, which empties their own-‐generated, "Dark Energy" for which they ask the government to pay for. (iii) DEA reject and/or ignore verified facts and laws of physics presented by this school, which unequivocally, fully account for the 1998-‐detected acceleration, and (iv) DEA reject the best and well-‐verified Einstein Gravity Physics as "wrong", and (v) DEA demand to "correct" the well-‐verified Einstein Gravity Physics, and (vi) DEA demand that other fellow scientists adopt their dreams formulations, some of which are based on other wrongs by unverifiable string theories, and (vii) DEA demand that governments endlessly finance their dreams by huge budgets in space-‐crafts, space research and academic education aimed to maintain alive their Chimerian dreams.

CONCLUSION III: Such empty claims only bring a sad-‐end to global trusting of theoretical physics. To save this trust and wasted $-‐billions, universities and governments should dismantled these Dark-‐Energy Armies. CONCLUSION IV: Reference 7 details the chain of processes ruled by the 2nd Law of Thermodynamics. This chain includes the generation of the chemical building elements of life inside massive stars, and supernova explosions that spread the elements in SPACE-‐3, the origin of the solar system and earth from the sole origin of all: The Master Cosmological Expansion of VOIDS/SPACE-‐1 as has been established since 1969-‐1972 by our Astrophysical School of Relativistic and Classical Thermodynamics and Time Asymmetries. [14-‐20].

Mathematical Mistakes in Physics Corrected by The Astrophysical School On pages 267-‐283 of Cosmology, Physics and Philosophy, "THE FAILURE OF CLASSICAL AND QUANTAL STATISTICAL MECHANICS TO DEDUCE IRREVERSIBILITY AND TIME ASYMMETRIES" is proved. A few resulting examples:

(a) A common mathematical practice to resort to prediction that rejects retrodiction to support desired wishes to extract "proofs" of the origin of irreversibility in nature e.g., the famous Boltzmann Theorem, or more recently, the wrong "proof" advanced by the late Nobel Prize Winner I. Prigogine, is stressed first by this school. (b) A common acceptance of retarded solutions of wave equations in static vs. expanding cosmos, while rejecting advanced solutions. [Cf. John Wheeler's comment in Reviews below], is also stressed by this school. (c) A common wrong in accepting only initial conditions vs. rejecting final conditions when one starts formulations with symmetric mathematics to provide the sought-‐after "proof" in asymmetric mathematics, is also exposed by this school.

(d) Similar common mistakes are detailed in Ref. 19. They amount to smuggling irreversibility into symmetric mathematics without declaring the contraband.

Published Reviews on Previous Editions

"This is a great book, and an exciting book; readable, worth reading and enlightening." Sir Karl Popper, The greatest philosopher of science in the previous century "I do not know a better modern expression of science, philosophy and classical humanism than that of Gal-‐Or’s book." HaAretz News Paper "We are all Gal-‐Orians ! " Editor, Foundations of Physics "Gal-‐Or launches a new spirit of inquiry by his excellent and thought provoking writings. I would recommend awarding a prize and would hope that this would serve to focus attention on a most important subject.” Gold Award by N.Y. Academy of Sciences "Evokes a person heart. Has generated a large number of responses from around the world, some declaring that it has turned them into “Gal-‐Orians”. Since the thought presented by this book is so rich, translators of our country should recommend this book with all their intellectual power." Chinese Academy of Sciences

"A Master Piece. The well-‐known author bases his philosophy on a very sound knowledge of present-‐day scientific theories. " Indian Journal of Physics Einstein's Portrait by Evelyne Katz, 1986, with Permission "The works of scientists like Gal-‐ Or, Bohm, and (Noble Prize-‐ Winner) Prigogine provide important resources. Prigogine's formalisms do not really tell us how irreversible change emerges from reversible [mathematics]. (in this Gal-‐Or is superior)." The Crisis of the Sciences "Einstein's time-‐symmetric tensor was elevated by Gal-‐Or’s “New Astronomical School of Unified Thermodynamics” to the status of the source of “Master Asymmetry” controlling not only irreversible thermodynamics, but all physical and biological phenomena!. Gal-‐Or calls “GRAVITISM” (his philosophy) that gravitation is the prime cause of structures, irreversibility, time, geo-‐chemical and biological evolution -‐-‐ that the expansion of the universe is the cause of the second law of thermodynamics -‐-‐ that microscopic physics, and thermodynamics in particular, cannot be understood without reference to cosmology. He ties “irreversibility” to the “expansion of space itself”, i.e. as far as space is expanding, the contribution of all kinds of radiation in space is weakened “irreversibly” due to the expansion phenomenon itself.

Such loss, or “degradation” of energy in the depth of inter-‐cluster expanding space, may then be considered as a universal sink for all the radiation flowing out of the material bodies in the expanding universe.” Advancement of Physics "Gal-‐Or’s “beauty” has always been the object of science, which, he lyrically observes as “a most fundamental aesthetic frame of mind, a longing for the run-‐away horizons of truth and symmetry that we always try to reach.” Order Amidst Chaos, Enlightenment Aesthetics Recommended by Encyclopedia Britannica, "Nature, Philosophy of" "This is one of the most beautiful books that I have read." Outstanding Books List "Tour de force. A magnificent and sustained piece of work! Gal-‐Or’s net is widely cast – it reaches as far as science policy and political philosophy." A. Cottrell, V. Chancellor, Cambridge University "Appeals to scientists of all disciplines who are prepared to open their minds. Shines a welcome light in some dark corners of science. Sir Karl Popper, in a Foreword, correctly describes it “a great book”. New Scientist Magazine

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS: “Gal-‐Or's remarkable book sees and seizes the world whole. He emphasizes that all scientists operate under some set of philosophical prejudices, and that failure to acknowledge this is self-‐delusion. Furthermore, he argues that a failure to attend to the philosophical base of physics leads to an empty scientism. His work is challenging on many levels, constituting a review 'with derivations' of general relativity 'as applied to cosmology', thermodynamics, the current state of theoretical particle physics, astrophysics, as well as a summary history of western

philosophy, 'especially the philosophies of time and mind' and critiques of western society, the intelligentsia and the relationship between academic science and government. One 'and perhaps the central' theme explored, is that of the interplay between symmetry and asymmetry. His primary interest is not in the recent progress in the unification of forces in gauge theory, although he finds support in it for his Einsteinian outlook, but is rather time, time's arrow, and the asymmetry between past and future. Around time are accumulated discussions, both mathematical and philosophical, of thermodynamic reversibility, time reversibility, the nature of causality, and the use of advanced and retarded solutions to wave equations. The second major theme is that of gravity and its overwhelming domination of the actual form of the universe, at all scales. The combination of these themes is not accidental; they are point and counterpoint to his thesis that the time asymmetries are connectable to and perhaps even determined by the master asymmetry given by the gravity of general relativity: the remorseless cosmological expansion. He argues that only the expansion can provide the unification of time asymmetries. The expansion provides, among other things, an unsaturable sink for radiation, which, in turn, permits the establishment of gradients in temperature and density, which provide the basis for the physical process that leads to life. He also criticizes the sloppy and improper use of the concepts of entropy 'and the related notions in information theory' and quantum indeterminism, especially as covers for an inadequate understanding of temporal asymmetries. Taking an Einsteinian position on the interpretation of quantum mechanics, he looks forward to revitalization of Einstein's quest for a deterministic interpretation of quantum events. The value of this book lies in the challenging combination of ideas which Gal-‐Or presents, which goes far beyond what can be sensibly described in a review.

[This] work may be too large to digest as a text in these days of the decline of academic institutions "as Gal-‐Or describes them", but that will be the loss of both the faculty and the students.” AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS “One of the best books on the totality of the sciences & the universe. It was one of the favorite books of Sir Karl Popper. It looks at physics and the universe as a totality of the mathematical philosophical understanding. It also combines the physical concept of time with human psychological perception and brain understanding of languages.” Robin forumhub.com/expr/@202.54.92.222 “I have in the meantime studied your book, with great interest, and made pages of notes on it. I feel as if I had been on numerous walks and talks with you on the great questions, and know that would be great to go on with them! Who cannot be impressed by your love for the great men of all times and all countries, by your phrase “working back and forth between theory and fact”, by your belief that philosophy is too important to be left to the philosophers, by your concern for where thought and language lie in the scheme of things – and by so much more! I continue to reflect, again and again, on your central thesis that expansion is the origin of all asymmetry in time. What an ingenious phrase is your, “smuggle irreversibility in without declaring the contraband”! I regard your book as seeking to accomplish two tasks – and being two books – at the very least One is the exposition of your central thesis, with clarity, and careful mustering of every argument pro and con that can lead to testable consequences. I don’t see how it is possible to do proper justice to a thesis of such importance by mixing it in with the other great task. That is to give students an appreciation of the unity of philosophy and modern physics. You do both tasks far better than I could hope to. I give you my personal thanks for putting the two books into a package that I personally have found most thought-‐provoking.” Prof. John A. Wheeler, Institute for Advanced Studies, Princeton University

“An interesting and original book, easy to read, interesting and fascinating.” Novo Cimento Science Magazine "Interesting to read, integrating much of scientific material." Deutsche Literatur-‐zeitung “A comprehensive explication of a large area of science which the reader may study in many subjects.” Contemporary Philosophy "Your book “was / is an inspiration in my life” European reader, 2011/ Facebook