അന്തര്‍ധാര / ജനുവരി 2021

]{Xm[n]°pdn∏v

cm-{„o-b t\-Xr-Xzw tIm¿-∏-td-‰p-Iƒ-°p Io-g-S-ßp-tºmƒ

I¿-j-I k-a-cw kzm-X-{¥y k-a-c-am-Ip-∂p C¥y-bpsS b-i- n-s\ sI-Sp-Øp-∂ kw-`-h߃-°m-Wv dn-∏-ªn-Iv Zn-\w km-£n-bm-b-Xv. Aß-s\ ]-d-bp-∂-Xv G-Xm-\pw D-∑m-Zn-I-fp-sS A-hnth-I-sØ ap≥ \n¿-Øn-b-√. sX-c-s™-Sp-°-s∏-´ k¿-°m-dn-s‚ P-\m-[n-]-Xy hn-cp-≤-hpw \n-Ir-„-hpam-b kr-Km-e X-{¥-sØ Hm¿-Øm-Wv. k-l-\-Øns‚ A-hn-iz-k-\o-b-am-b i-‡n-bm¬ tem-I {i≤-bm¿-Pn-® I¿-j-I {]-t£m-`w k¿-°m-dn-s‚ \ne X-s∂ ]-cp-ß-en-em-°n-b-t∏m-gm-Wv A-Xn \o-Nam-b co-Xn-bn¬ k-a-c-ap-∂-Wn-bn-te-°v Nm-c-∑m-sc I-S-Øn-hn-´v I-f-¶-s∏-Sp-Øm-\p-≈ {i-aw \-S-∂-Xv. ]-¶m-fn-Øw sIm-≠pw k-l-\w sIm-≠pw k¿-§mfl-I-X sIm-≠pw Km-‘n \-bn-® k-Xym-{K-l-ßtfm-fw X-s∂ {i-t≤-b-am-b I¿-j-I {]-t£m-`sØ A-]-Io¿-Øn-s∏-Sp-Øm-\pw `n-∂n-∏n-°m-\pw ]-cm-P-b-s∏-Sp-Øm-\p-ap-≈ tam-Zn k¿-°m-dn-s‚ {ia-ß-sf-tbm¿-Øv `m-hn `m-c-Xw e-÷n-°pw. sN-t¶m-´-bn¬ J-en-ÿm≥ sIm-Sn sI-´n F∂m-bn-cp-∂p tKm-Zn ao-Un-b-Iƒ B-Zyw {]-N-cn-∏n®-Xv. tam-Zn `-‡¿ A-tX-‰p ]n-Sn-®p. A-Xv kn-Jv sIm-Sn-bm-sW-∂v ]n-∂o-Sv sh-fn-hm-°-s∏-´p. tZ-iob ]-Xm-I Xm-gv-Øn ]-I-cw a-s‰m-cp sIm-Sn D-b¿Øp-∂X - v Aw-Ko-Ic - n-°m-\m-hn-√. A-Xn-\m-em-Wv ka-c t\-Xr-Xz-hpw ]n-¥p-W-bv-°p-∂-h-cpw B {]-hrØn-sb A-]-e-]n-®-Xv. F-∂m¬ A-Xn-s‚ t]-cnI¿-j-I k-a-c-sØ-bm-sI X-≈n-∏-d-bp-∂-Xv s\-dntI-Sm-Wv. C-¥y I-≠ D-÷z-e-am-b t]m-cm-´-ßfn¬ Izn-‰n-¥ym k-a-c-Øn-epw, A-Sn-b-¥n-cm-h-ÿbv-°-Xn-cm-b t]m-cm-´-ß-fn-epw I-S-∂p-I-b-‰-ß-fpw A-{I-a-ß-fpw D-≠m-bn-´p-≠v. A-lnw-km {]-hm-NI-\m-b Km-‘n-bpw in-jy-\m-b sP ]n bpw `-c-WIq-S-Øn-s‚ \n-e-]m-Sp-I-fm-Wv A-{I-a-Øn-te-°v \bn-®-sX-∂m-Wv A∂v A-`n-{]m-b-s∏-´-Xv. Izn-‰n-¥ym k-a-c-tØ-bpw A-Sn-b-¥n-cm-h-ÿm hn-cp-≤ t]m-cm-´-tØ-bpw t]m-se cm-Py-Xm-Xv-]-cyß-sf kw-c£ - n-°m-\p-≈ {]-t£m-`Ø - n-\m-Wv Z¬ln C-t∏mƒ km-£yw h-ln-°p-∂-Xv. F-¥p \oN-am-b {]-hr-Øn-bn-eq-sS-bpw A-Xn-s\ ]-cm-P-bs∏-Sp-Øm-\p-≈ k¿-°m¿/ tIm¿-∏-td-‰v {i-a-sØ A-h-cp-sS B-\p-Iq-ey-߃ ]-‰p-∂ ao-Un-b-I-fpw ]n-¥p-W-bv-°p-∂p. Im-X-em-b hn-j-b-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw hy-Xn-N-en-®v hn-hm-Z-߃ Ip-Øn-s∏m-°p-Ibm-Wv a-e-bm-f am-≤y-a-ß-f-S-°w sN-øp-∂-Xv. AXn-s\ a-dn-I-S-°m≥ \-h km-aq-ly am-≤y-a-ß-fneq-sS-tb km-≤y-am-Iq. cm-Py-Øv H-cp cm-{„o-b `-c-W-Iq-S-ap-s≠-∂v hniz-kn-°m-\m-hm-Ø km-l-N-cy-am-Wn-∂p-≈-Xv. tIm¿-∏t- d-‰p-If - m-Wv tam-Zn-sb ap≥-\n¿-Øn `-cn-°p∂-Xv. {]-[m-\-a-{¥n-sb kp-{]-[m-\ N¿-®-I-fn-sem∂pw Im-Wp-∂n-√.

1988¬ a-tl-{μ kn-ßv Sn-°m-b-Øn-s‚ t\-XrXz-Øn¬ I¿-j-I¿ Z¬-ln h-f-™v k-a-cw sN-bv-

2

A¥¿[m-c

X-t∏mƒ G-gmw \mƒ k-a-c t\-Xr-Xz-hp-am-bn N¿® \-S-Øn H-Øp-Xo¿-∏n-se-Øn-®-Xv {]-[m-\-a-{¥n cm-Po-hv Km-‘n-bm-bn-cp-∂p. P-\m-[n-]-Xy-ØntIm¨-{K- n-s‚ {Sm-°v dn-°m¿-Uv sa-®a - s - √-¶n-epw P-\-Io-b k-Ω¿-±-Øn-\p h-g-ßm-\p-≈ P-\m-[n-]Xy t_m-[w A-h-cn¬ _m-°n \n-∂p. F-∂m]n≥-hm-ß-epw H-Øp-Xo¿-∏pw Io-g-S-ß-em-sW-∂v `-b-°p-∂ H-cp Iq-´-cm-Wv C-∂p `-cn-°p-∂-Xv. c-≠p am-kw ]n-∂n-´n-´pw k-ac - s - Ø A-`n-kw-t_m-[\ - sNøm≥ C-Xp-h-sc tam-Zn X-øm-dm-bn-´n-√. dn-∏-ªn-Iv Zn-\-Øn¬ Z¬-ln \-K-c-am-sI D-tZz-K-Øn-s‚ apƒap-\b - n¬ \n-∂t- ∏m-gpw A-t±-lw D-cn-bm-Sn-bn-√. Bcm-Wv Cu {]-[m-\-a-{¥n-sb `-b-s∏-Sp-Øn \n-»-–\m-°p-∂-Xv? cm-Py-Øn-s‚ `m-hn-sb kw-_-‘n-® A-Sn-ÿm\ cm-{„o-b {]-iv-\-am-Wv I¿-j-I¿ D-b¿-Øp-∂-Xv. A-Xn-\m¬ cm-{„o-b ]-cn-lm-c-am-Wv th-≠-Xv. AXn-\v tIm-S-Xn-I-tfm, t]m-eo-tkm t]m-cm. A-h¿°v A-Xn-\p-≈ A-[n-Im-c-hpw C-√. ]m¿-e-sa‚n\p-≈n-se `q-cn-]-£w F-¥pw sN-øm-\p-≈ ssek≥-kv B-sW-∂p I-cp-Xp-∂-h¿-°v C-Xv a-\- nem-hn-√. ssk-≤m-¥n-Ia - m-bn P-\m-[n-]X - y-sØ AwKo-I-cn-®n-´n-√m-Ø ln-μp-Xz hm-Zn-I-fp-sS ]-cn-an-XnI-fm-Wv {]-Xn-k-‘n-sb cq-£-am-°p-∂-Xv F-∂¿∞w. cm-{„o-b-am-bn C-¥y cq-]-s∏-´-Xn¬ N-ºm-c-\nse I¿-j-I k-a-cw h-ln-® ]-¶v Hm¿-t°-≠ A-hk-c-am-Wn-Xv. Ir-jn-bp-sS hm-Wn-Py-h-Xv-I-c-W-Ønt‚-bpw I-cm¿ Ir-jn-bp-tS-bpw B-Zy C-c-I-fm-bncp-∂p N-ºm-c-\n-se I¿-j-I¿. 1917 ¬ N-ºm-c-\nse-Øn-b Km-‘n I¿-j-I-cp-sS kzm-X-{¥y-hpw kzm-{i-b-Xz-hpw hn-tam-N-\ k-a-c-Øn-s‚ hn-j-bam-bn I-≠p. Xp-S¿-∂m-Wv \o-Xn \n-tj-[n-°-s∏-´ sXm-gn-em-fn-I-tf-bpw, ]m¿-iz-h-Xv-Ir-X-tc-bpw, \yq\-]-£-ß-tf-bpw kv-{Xo-I-tf-bpw A-Wn-tN¿-Øv kzm-X-{¥y-sØ Ip-dn-®p-≈ Im-gv-N-∏m-Sp-Iƒ hn-Ikn-∏n-®-Xv. {_n-´o-jp-Im¿ t]m-hp-∂-Xp-sIm-≠p am{Xw kzm-X-{¥y-am-hn-s√-∂v t_m-≤y-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibm-bn-cp-∂p Km-‘n. C-∂-sØ C-¥y≥ dn-∏-ªn-Iv cq-]-s∏-´-Xv A-ßn-s\-bm-Wv. _-lp-kz-c-X-bm-Wv A-Xn-s‚ k-hn-ti-j-X. kzm-X-{¥y k-a-c-Øn-te ]-s¶-Sp-°m-Ø, Izn-‰n-¥ym k-a-c-Im-e-Øv {_n-´ojv ]-£w tN¿-∂p k-a-c-sØ H-‰p-sIm-Sp-Ø, cm{„-Øn-s‚ a-\- m-£n-bm-b Km-‘n-Pn-sb h-[n-® ln-μp cm-{„-hm-Zn-Iƒ-°v C-¥y-sb H-cn-°-epw a-\ n-em-hn-√. Cu cm-Pyw A-`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-°p-∂ apJy {]-Xn-k-‘n-I-fn-sem-∂m-W-Xv. cm-Py-Øn-s‚ \-„-am-Ip-∂ kzm-X-{¥y-hpw s^U-de - n-kh - pw kw-c£ - n-°m-\m-bn I¿-jI - ¿-s°m-∏w tN¿-∂v b-Ym¿-Y cm-Py-kv-t\-ln-Iƒ C-t∏mƒ ka-cw sN-tø-≠-Xp-≠v.

P\phcn 2021

aebmfØnse GI tkmjyenÃv amknI

FUnt‰mdnb¬ t_m¿Uv AUz. Fkv. cmPtiJc≥ (sNb¿am≥)

tUm. sI. {ioIpam¿ C.sI. {io\nhmk≥ AUz. ]n. cPn\m¿°v sI. cm-Po-hv-Ip-am¿ C.sI. Znt\i≥ ]n.sI. cmP≥ Sn.]n. {io[c≥ hnPbcmLh≥ tNenb FUn‰¿ hnPbcmLh≥ tNenb vr.cheliya@gmail.com Ih¿ Unssk≥ & te Hu´v Fw at\mlc≥ B∏nƒ tSm°v Un Sn ]n : eo\ \mcmbW≥

temlym hnNmcthZn {]kn≤oIcWw

I¿-jI - k-Xy-ßf- pw k¿-°m¿ \p-WI - f- pw sI. kltZh≥ Im¿jnI \nba߃ CcpXe aq¿®bp≈ hmƒ tam-Zn- : tIm¿∏td‰pIƒ kvt]m¨k¿ sNbvX {][m\a{¥n {]-^p-√ km-a-¥-d Ir-jn-°m¿ `q-an-tbm-fw £-ab - p-≈h - ¿: cm-tI-jv Sn-°m-bØ - v I¿-jI - k - a- c- s- Ø F¥psIm≠v ]n¥pWbv°Ww? Hm-tcm P-\h - n-`m-Kh - pw kz-bw \n¿-Æbm-hI - m-iw t\-Sp-I X-s∂- thWw a-Øm-bn am-™q-cm≥ Hcp sImSw ]mdv arZpem-tZhn Fkv. ]m-fp-h `m-j s]m-¥n-ap-g° - p-∂s- X-¥v ?

Zn-\p sh-bnkn-\n-am ]m-´n-se kzm-K-Xm¿-l-am-b {]-Xn-k-‘n-Iƒ hn.hn.kzm-an Po-hn-°m-≥ A-hƒ-°pw A-h-Im-i-ap-≠v... c-P-\n ]n.F≥. temly: am¿Ivkns‚bpw Km‘nbpsSbpw ]cnanXnIsf adnIS∂ Zm¿i\nI≥ tUm.-F.-c-Lp-Ip-am¿/ hn-h.: tUm.-sI. -{io-Ip-am¿

4 8 10 11 12 13 15 16 17 18

19

]n.hn.Ip-cy≥, sI.kn.`m-kv-°-c≥, sI.]n.ap-l-Ω-Zv

tIcfØnse tkmjyenÃv apt∂‰Ønse {Xn-aq¿-Øn-Iƒ 26 tUm.sI. {ioIpam¿ kJmhv sI.kn \n-\-hn¬ h-cp-tºmƒ...

31 sI.hn. cmtP{μ≥

_‘߃°v C sI {io\nhmk≥ (P\d¬ kn{I´dn temlym hnNmcthZn kwÿm\ kanXn)

tIihw tNenb t]mÃv sImbnem≠n˛673306 Ph: 9446068843 sreenikesavam@gmail.com {]-kn-≤o-I-cn-°p-∂ te-J-\-߃ ]q¿-Æ-am-bpw A-¥¿-[m-cb - p-sS A-`n-{]m-bß - f - m-IW - s - a-∂n-√.˛-FU - n-‰¿

temlym hnNmcthZn kwÿm\ kanXn°v th≠n {]knU‚ v AUz. Fkv.cmPtiJc≥ A¥¿[m-c ({io \ntIX≥, NnddmewtImSv, IpS∏\°p∂v.]n.H., Xncph\¥]pcw, 695043) A®Sn®p {]kn≤oIcn°p∂Xv. t^m¨: 9447034808

3

I¿-j-I k-Xy-ß-fpw k¿-°m¿ \p-W-I-fpw I¿-jI - c - p-sS B-hi - y-߃

°p-∂ {]-[m-\ B-h-iy-߃.

1. aq-∂v I¿-j-I hn-cp-≤ \n-b-a-ß-fpw \ncp-]m-[n-Iw ]n≥-h-en-°p-I. 2. an-\n-aw k-lm-b hn-e (Xm-ßp-hn-e) \nb-a-]-c-am-b A-h-Im-i-am-bn {]-Jym-]n-°p-I. 3. k¿-°m¿ a-Wv-Un-Iƒ (F-]n-Fw-kn) CS-\n-e-°m-sc H-gn-hm-°n-s°m-≠v Im-cy-£-a-Xtbm-sS {]-h¿-Øn-∏n-°p-I. 4. an-\n-aw k-lm-b hn-e {]-Jym-]n-® ap-gph≥ hn-f-I-fpw k¿-°m¿ kw-`-cn-°p-I. 5. I¿-j-I-¿-°p-≈ ku-P-\y-߃ F-SpØp-I-f-bp-∂ tI-{μ C-e-Iv-{Sn-kn-‰n B-Iv-Sv (t`Z-K-Xn) I-c-Sv _n¬ 2020 ]n≥-h-en-°p-I. 6. Ir-jn `q-an-bp-am-bn _-‘-s∏-´ \n-b-a{]-iv-\-߃ th-K-Øn¬ ]-cn-l-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\v {Sn_yq-W¬ kw-hn-[m-\-߃ G¿-s∏-Sp-Øp-I. 7. h-\m-h-Im-i \n-b-aw D-d-∏p-h-cp-Øp-I. F-∂n-h-bm-Wv I¿-j-I {]-t£m-`-I¿ D-∂-bn-

k¿-°m-cpw I¿-j-I-cpw ]-d-bp-∂-Xv

4

A¥¿[m-c

k¿-°m¿: cm-Py-sØ tIm-Sn-°-W-°m-b I¿-j-I-cp-am-bn N¿-® sN-bv-Xn-´m-Wv \n-baw ]m-km-°n-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. c-≠v ]-Xn-‰m-≠pIm-e-am-bn Im¿-jn-I ta-J-e-bn-se \n-b-a ]-cn-jv-I-c-W-ß-sf kw-_-‘n-® N¿-®-Iƒ \-S-°p-∂p.

I¿-j-I¿: Im¿-jn-I ta-J-e-bn-se {]-Xn-k-‘nI-fp-am-bn _-‘-s∏-´ \n-c-h-[n hn-j-b-߃ ]Xn-‰m-≠p-I-fm-bn N¿-® sN-ø-s∏-´p-h-cp-∂-Xm-Wv F-∂-Xv X¿-°-a-‰ kw-K-Xn-bm-Wv. F-∂m-e-Xv Im¿-jn-I ta-J-e-sb kz-Im-cy Ip-Ø-I-Iƒ-°v Xo-sd-gp-Xn-s°m-Sp-°m≥ th-≠n-bp-≈ N¿-®-Ifm-bn-cp-∂n-√. Im¿-jn-I hn-f-Iƒ-°v an-X-am-b hn-e e-`n-°p-∂-X-S-°-ap-≈ hn-j-b-ß-sf-°p-dn®m-bn-cp-∂p. \n-e-hn¬ k¿-°m¿ \-S-Øn-bn-cn°p-∂ \n-b-a \n¿-Ωm-W-sØ kw-_-‘n-®v C-¥y-bn-se Hscm-‰ I¿-j-I kw-L-S-\-I-fpam-bpw Iq-Sn-bm-tem-N-\-Iƒ \S-Øp-I-bp-≠m-bn-´n-√.

F- ∂ p- a m- { X- a - √ , ]m¿- e sa‚n-tem, cm-Py-k-`-bn-tem aXn-bm-b N¿-®-Iƒ Iq-Sm-sX-bmWv \n-b-aw ]m-km-°n-bn-cn-°p∂-Xv. cm-Py-k-`-bn¬ H-scm-‰ Znh-kw sIm-≠m-Wv _n¬ ]mkm- ° - s ∏- ´ - X v . ]m¿- e - s a‚ v sk-eI - Sv- v I-Ωn-‰n-bp-sS ]-cn-tim[-\-bv-°v _n¬ k-a¿-∏n-°-Wsa-∂ \n¿-t±-i-hpw A-h-K-Wn°-s∏-´p. k¿-°m¿: I¿-j-I¿-°v an\n-aw k-lm-b hn-e D-d-∏p\¬-In-b k¿-°m-cm-Wn-Xv. I¿-j-I-tcm-Sv {]-Xn-_-≤-X-

bp-≈ k¿-°m¿ A-Ø-cw Im-cy-߃ sNøn-√.

I¿-j-I¿: Im¿-jn-I ta-J-e-bn¬ kzm-an-\m-Y≥ I-Ωn-‰n dn-t∏m¿-´v \-S-∏n-em-°pw F-∂v hm-Kv-≤m\w \¬-In 2014¬ sX-c-s™-Sp-∏n-s\ t\-cn-´ _n-sP-]n A-[n-Im-c-Øn-se-Øn-b-Xn-\v ti-jw A-Xv \-S-∏n-em-°n-bn-s√-∂v am-{X-a-√, {]m-tbmKn-I-am-bn A-Xv km-[y-a-s√-∂v kp-{]ow tIm-SXn-bn¬ k-Xy-hm-Mv-aq-ew \¬-Ip-I-bpw sN-bvXp. Cu-sbm-cp k-Xy-hm-Mv-aq-e-Øn-\v bp-‡n-kl-am-b Im-c-W-߃ \n-c-Øm≥ t]m-epw \mfn-Xp-h-sc k¿-°m¿ X-øm-dm-bn-´n-√. Ir-jn `qan-bp-sS kw-c-£-Ww, Im-cy-£-a-am-b `q-hn-\ntbm-Kw F-∂n-h D-d-∏p-h-cp-Øp-∂-Xn-\m-bn tZio-b `q-\n-b-aw \-S-∏n-em-°pw F-∂v 2014se sXc-s™-Sp-∏v am-\n-s^-tÃm-bn¬ _n-sP-]n D-d∏p-\¬-Ip-I-bp-≠m-bn. F-∂m¬ A-[n-Im-c-Ønse- Ø n B- d v am- k w Xn- I - b p- ∂ - X n- \ v ap- º v tIm¨-{K-kv K-h¨-sa‚ v \-S-∏n-em-°n-b `q-an G-s‰-Sp-°¬ \n-b-aw Hm¿-Un-\≥-kn-eq-sS t`-ZK-Xn sN-øp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p A-h¿ sN-bv-X-Xv. Ht´-sd ]p-tcm-K-a-\ kz-`m-hw \n-e-\n-∂n-cp-∂ 2011se `q-an G-s‰-Sp-°¬ \n-b-a-Øn-se G-‰hpw kp-{]-[m-\-ß-fm-b c-≠v h-Ip-∏p-Iƒ ˛ A\p-a-Xn \n-_-‘-\-Iƒ (Consent Clause), km-aqly {]-Xym-Lm-X \n¿-Æ-bw (Social Impact Assessment) F-∂n-h d-±p-sN-bv-Xp-sIm-≠m-bn-cp-∂p ]p-Xn-b Hm¿-Un-\≥-kv tam-Zn k¿-°m¿ tem-Ivk-`-bn¬ ]m-km-°n-b-Xv. hy-h-km-b-˛-`q-am-^nb-Iƒ-°v Np-fp-hn-e-bv-°v, X-S- -ß-tf-Xp-an-√msX Ir-jn `q-an G-s‰-Sp-°p-∂-Xn-\p-≈ A-h-kc-sam-cp-°n-s°m-Sp-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p _n-sP-]n sN-bv-X-Xv. k¿-°m¿: k¿-°m¿ N-¥-I-fpw F-]n-Fwkn-I-fpw C-√m-Xm-°p-sa-∂v Nn-e¿ {]-N-cn∏n-°p-∂p. F-]n-Fw-kn-Iƒ F-Sp-Øp-I-fbm≥ \n-b-a-Øn¬ hy-h-ÿ-bn-√.

I¿-j-I¿: \n-e-hn¬ ]m-km-°n-bn-cn-°p-∂ \nb-aß - ƒ A-tX-]S- n \-S∏ - n-em-°n-bm¬ k¿-°m¿ a-Wv-Un-Iƒ sN-dn-sbm-cp Im-e-b-f-hp-sIm-≠pX-s∂ \m-am-h-ti-j-am-Ipw. k¿-°m-cn-\v A-h F-Sp-Øp-I-f-tb-≠ B-h-iyw h-cn-√. k¿-°m¿ A-[o-\-X-I-fn-ep-≈ F-]n-Fw-kn-I-fp-sS Ip-ØI A-h-km-\n-∏n-°m≥(!) F-∂ t]-cn¬ A-hbv-°v ]p-d-Øv kz-Im-cy I-®-h-S-°m¿-°v C-S-s]Sm≥ "hn-]-Wn ta-J-e-Iƒ' (Trade Areas) kr-jvSn-°p-I-bpw F-]n-Fw-kn-Iƒ-°v _m-[-I-am-b \nIp-Xn-Iƒ, sk- v F-∂n-h-bn¬ \n-∂v A-h-sb H-gn-hm-°p-I-bpw sN-øp-∂-Xn-eq-sS k¿-°m¿ \nb-{¥-W-Øn-ep-≈, C-t∏mƒ-Ø-s∂ Zp¿-_-em-

h-ÿ-bn¬ {]-h¿-Øn-°p-∂ a-Wv-Un-Iƒ Im-e{I-ta-W C-√m-Xm-Ip-I-bpw kz-Im-cy t{S-U¿-am¿ \n-›-bn-°p-∂ hn-e-bv-°v hn-f-Iƒ hn¬-°phm≥ I¿-j-I¿ \n¿-∫-‘n-X-cm-Ip-∂ A-h-ÿ D-≠m-Ip-I-bpw sN-øpw. k¿-°m¿ N-¥-Iƒ A-s√-¶n¬ A-{Kn-°ƒ®¿ s{]m-Uyq-kv am¿-°-‰nw-Kv I-Ω-‰n-Iƒ C-√mØ kw-ÿm-\-ß-fn¬ F-¥m-Wv kw-`-hn-°p∂-sX-∂v a-\- n-em-°n-bm¬ C-Xn-s‚ hm-kv-Xhn-I-X a-\- n-em-Ipw. _o-lm¿ kw-ÿm-\-Øv F-]n-Fw-kn-Iƒ {]-h¿-Øn-°p-∂n-√. A-hn-sS k¿-°m¿ {]-Jym-]n-°p-∂ an-\n-aw hn-e-bv-°pw h-f-sc Xm-sg-bm-Wv I¿-j-I¿-°v hn-e e-`n-°p∂- X v . 2017 apX¬ 2020 h-sc\n-e-hn¬ k¿-°m¿ \-Sbp-≈ I-W-°pØn- b n- c n- ° p- ∂ \n- b - a Iƒ {i- ≤ n- ° q. \n¿- Ω m- W - s Ø kw- _ 25 ap-X¬ 50 i‘n-®v C-¥y-bn-se H-scm-‰ X-am-\w h-sc hnI¿-jI - kw-LS- \ - I - f- p-ame-°p-d-hm-Wv kzbpw Iq-Sn-bm-tem-N-\-Iƒ Im- c y hn- ] - W n\-S-Øp-I-bp-≠m-bn-´n-√. bn¬ k¿-°m-cnF- ∂ p- a m- { X- a - √ , ]m¿- e \v e-`n-°p-∂-sXsa‚n-tem, cm-Py-k-`-bn∂v I-W-°p-Iƒ tem a-Xn-bm-b N¿-®-Iƒ sX- f n- h p \¬Iq-Sm-sX-bm-Wv \n-b-aw Ipw. 2019¬ s\]m-km-°n-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. √n-\v Izn‚-en-\v 1815 cq-] an-\n-aw k-lm-b hn-e k¿-°m¿ {]-Jym-]n-®-t∏mƒ kzIm-cy hn-]-Wn-bn¬ I¿-j-I¿-°v e-`n-®-Xv 1350 cq-] am-{X-am-bn-cp-∂p. A-Xm-b-Xv 25% Ip-d-hv!

2018¬ tNm-f-Øn-\v Izn‚-en-\v 1700 cq-] Fw-Fkv-]n D-≠m-bn-cp-∂-t∏mƒ I¿-j-I¿-°v kz-Imcy hn-]-Wn-bn¬ e-`n-®-Xv 800 cq-] ap-X¬ 1050 cq-] h-sc-bm-Wv; 40 ap-X¬ 50% h-sc Ip-d-hv!

2020¬ s\-√n-\v Xm-ßp-hn-e-bm-bn tI-{μ K-h¨sa‚ v {]-Jym-]n-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv Izn‚-en-\v 1888-cq]-bm-Wv. a-Wv-Un ]-cn-j-Zv \n-b-a-ß-fn¬ sh-≈w tN¿-Øv F-]n-Fw-kn-I-sf t\m-°p-Ip-Øn-I-fm°n am-‰n-b D-Ø¿-{]-tZ-in-epw F-]n-Fw-kn-Iƒ ]q¿-Æ-am-bpw \n¿-Ø-em-°n-b _o-lm-dn-epw 800 ap-X¬ 1200 cq-]-h-sc-bm-Wv Izn‚¬ s\-√n-\v I¿-j-I¿-°v \¬-In kz-Im-cy I-®-h-S-°m¿ hmßp-∂-Xv. Cu s\-√v X-s∂-bpw ]-©m-_n-se k¿-°m¿ a-Wv-Un-I-fn¬ hn-‰v h≥-tXm-Xn¬ ]Ww sIm-øp-∂-Xv kz-Im-cy I-®-h-S-°m-cm-Wv F∂-Xp-Iq-Sn \mw a-\- n-em-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. k¿-°m¿: an-\n-aw k-lm-b hn-e F-Sp-ØpI-f-bp-sa-∂v Nn-e¿ {]-N-cn-∏n-°p-∂p. an-\naw k-lm-b hn-e A-Xp-t]m-se X-s∂ \ne-\n¬-°pw.

A¥¿[m-c

5

I¿-j-I¿: an-\n-aw k-lm-b hn-e (minimum support price-msp Xm-ßp-hn-e)-sb-°p-dn-®v \n-c-h-[n sX-‰n-≤m-c-W-Iƒ k¿-°m¿ ]-c-Øp-∂p-≠v. AXp-sIm-≠p-X-s∂ F-¥m-Wv an-\n-aw k-lm-b hn-e F-∂-Xp-sIm-≠v D-t±-in-°p-∂-Xv F-∂pw C-t∏mƒ e-`n-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂ msp I¿-j-I¿°v Xm-ßm-hp-∂p-t≠m F-∂ Im-cy-hpw Iq-Sn s]m-Xp-P-\-߃ A-dn-™n-cn-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. D-Xv]m-Z-\-Øn-se G-‰-°p-d-®n-ep-Iƒ aq-ew hn-f-Ifp-sS D-Xv-]m-Z-\w \n¿-Øn-sh-°p-∂-Xv H-gn-hm-°phm-\pw I¿-j-I¿-°v A-h-cp-sS hn-f-Iƒ-°v \ymb-am-b {]-Xn-^-ew D-d-∏p-h-cp-Øm-\pw hn-]-Wnhn-e-bn-se G-‰-°p-d-®n-ep-Iƒ H-gn-hm-°m-\pw Dt±-in-®p-sIm-≠m-Wv an-\n-aw k-lm-b hn-e F∂ Im-gv-N-∏m-Sv B-Zy-am-bn (1969¬) A-h-X-cn-∏n°p-∂-Xv. D-Xv-]m-Z-\-s®-e-hpw I¿-j-I-cp-sS A[zm-\-sØ-bpw Dƒ-s∏-Sp-Øn A-tXm-sSm-∏w 50% h¿-≤-\-hv G¿-s∏-Sp-Øn-bm-Wv hn-f-Iƒ-°v an\n-aw k-lm-b hn-e \n-›-bn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. \ne-hn¬ `-£y [m-\y-߃, F-Æ-°p-cp-°ƒ XpS-ßn 23-Hm-fw Im¿-jn-I hn-f-Iƒ-°v am-{X-amWv tI-{μ k¿-°m¿ an-\n-aw k-lm-b hn-e {]Jym-]n-°p-∂p-≈q. C-h-bn¬ X-s∂ hn-c-en-seÆm-hp-∂ hn-f-Iƒ am-{X-ta k¿-°m¿ kw-`-cW tI-{μ-ß-fn-eq-sS kw-`-cn-°-s∏-Sp-∂p-≈q F∂ Im-cy-hpw C-tXm-sSm-∏w A-dn-™n-cn-t°-≠Xp-≠v. C-t∏mƒ \¬-In-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂ an-\naw k-lm-b hn-e I¿-j-I-sc kw-_-‘n-®n-StØm-fw Ir-jn B-Zm-b-I-c-am-bn sIm-≠p-t]mIm≥ ]-‰m-Ø H-∂m-Wv. D-Xv-]m-Z-\ sN-e-hn-se ]-e L-S-I-ß-sf-bpw H-gn-hm-°n-s°m-≠m-Wv \ne-hn¬ Xm-ßp-hn-e I-W-°m-°n-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. hn-Øv, h-fw, Io-S-\m-in-\n, {Sm-Iv-S¿-˛-Uok¬ sN-e-hp-Iƒ, ]p-d-Øp-\n-∂p-≈ A-[zm-\w, Ip-Spw-_-Øn-s‚ A-[zm-\w, `q-an-bp-sS X-d-∏m´w F-∂n-h I-W-°m-°n A-h-bn¬ 75% h¿-≤\-hv h-cp-Øn-s°m-≠v Xm-ßp-hn-e I-W-°m-°nbm¬ am-{X-ta I¿-j-I¿-°v A-h-cp-sS hn-f-hpIƒ-°v A-¥- p-≈ {]-Xn-^-ew e-`n-°p-I-bp≈q. C-tXm-sSm-∏w cm-Py-sØ-hn-sS-bpw kz-Imcy hn-]-Wn-bn-em-bm-epw k¿-°m¿ N-¥-I-fn-embm-epw an-\n-aw k-lm-b hn-e e-`y-am-Ip-∂ hn[-Øn¬ \n-b-a-]-c-am-b A-h-Im-iw D-d-∏p-h-cpØp-I F-∂-Xm-Wv I¿-j-I¿-°v th-≠n sN-tø≠p-∂ Im-cyw. F-∂m¬ ]p-Xn-b \n-b-a-ØnA-Ø-c-Øn¬ H-cp D-d-∏pw \¬-Ip-∂n-√ F-∂Xm-Wv k-Xyw. ]p-Xn-b \n-b-a-Øn¬ t]-cnss{]-kv A-jz-d≥-kv (hn-e D-d-∏p-h-cp-ج)F∂v sh-dp-sX F-gp-Xn-sh-®-X-√m-sX C-°m-cyØn¬ H-cp \n-b-a ]-cn-c-£-bpw I¿-j-I¿-°v e-`y-am-Ip-∂n-√. an-\n-aw k-lm-b hn-e \¬-In

6

A¥¿[m-c

Im¿-jn-I hn-f-Iƒ G-s‰-Sp-t°-≠-Xv I¿-j-Icp-sS am-{Xw Im-cy-a-s√-∂v A-dn-™n-cn-t°-≠Xp-≠v. D-Xv-]m-Z-\ ta-J-e-bn-se G-‰-°p-d-®nhn-]-Wn hn-e-bn-se {]-Xn-^-en-∏n-°-s∏-Spw F∂-Xn-\m¬ A-Xv D-]-t`m-‡m-°-sf-bpw _m-[n°pw F-∂-Xp-sIm-≠p-X-s∂ an-\n-aw k-lm-b hn-e \¬-In hn-f-Iƒ kw-`-cn-t°-≠-Xv cm-PysØ F-√m-hn-`m-Kw P-\-ß-fp-sS-bpw B-h-iyam-Wv. k¿-°m¿: I¿-jI - hn-cp-≤a - m-b bm-sXm-∂pw X-s∂ Cu \n-ba - ß - f - n¬ C-√. a-s‰-√mw hymP {]-N-c-W-ß-fm-Wv. I¿-j-I¿: ^m¿-ta¿-kv s{]m-Uyq-kv t{S-Uv B‚ v sIm-ta¿-kv {]-tam-j≥ B‚ v ^-kn-ent‰-j≥ _n¬ 2020 F-∂ I¿-j-I-am-c-W \n-ba-Øn-s‚ A-©mw A-≤ym-b-Øn¬ ]-d-bp-∂ 13, 15, 19 h-Ip-∏p-Iƒ hm-bn-®p t\m-°p-I. A-\o-Xn \-S-∂m¬ \n-b-a-]-cn-lm-cw tX-Sm≥ C-¥y≥ ]uc-\v `-c-W L-S-\-bp-sS h-Ip-∏v 32 \¬-Ip-∂ Ah-Im-iw t]m-epw I¿-j-I-cn¬ \n-∂v F-Sp-Øp I-f-™n-cn-°p-∂p. k¿-°m¿ hn-⁄m-]-\-Øn{]-k-‡ J-Wv-Un-I-I-fp-sS ]-cn-`m-j C-ßn-s\: (h-Ip-∏v 13) "D-Ø-a hn-izm-k'Øn¬ Cu \n-b-a-hpw A-Xp-am-bn _-‘-s∏-´ Hm¿-U-dp-I-fpw a-‰pw \-S-∏m-°p-∂ tI-{μ-˛-kw-kv-Ym-\ k¿-°mcp-Iƒ-t°m D-tZym-K-kv-Y¿-t°m F-Xn-sc H-cp \nb-a \-S-]-Sn-bv-°pw ap-Xn-cm≥ ]m-Sn-√. (h-Ip-∏v 15) {]-Im-cw \n-b-a-Øn≥ Io-gnh-cp-∂ Im-cy-߃-s°-Xn-sc H-cp \-S-]-Sn {I-aß-fpw kn-hn¬ tIm-S-Xn-bp-sS A-[n-Im-c ]-cn[n-bn¬ h-cn-√. (h-Ip-∏v 19) {]-Im-cw F-s¥-¶n-epw X¿-°ßƒ D-≠m-bm¬ A-Xv kn-hn¬ tIm-S-Xn-bnt]m-bn tI-kv ^-b¬ sN-øm≥ ]-‰n-√. \n-b-aw A-\p-im-kn-°p-∂ A-∏-te-‰v A-tXm-dn-‰n-bpw a‰pw B Im-cyw t\m-°n-t°m-fpw. ]-®-bm-bn _n-√n¬ C-ß-s\ F-gp-Xn-bn-´pw I¿-j-I hn-cp-≤-am-b H-∂pw-X-s∂ Cu \n-b-aß-fn¬ C-s√-∂v ]-d-bp-∂-Xv \n-b-a-ß-fp-sS \qem-am-e-Iƒ ]-cn-tim-[n-°m≥ sa-\-s°-Sm-Ø km-[m-c-W P-\-ß-sf I-_-fn-∏n-°m≥ am-{X-amWv. k¿-°m¿: I-cm¿ Ir-jn hn-hn-[ kw-ÿm\-ß-fn¬ t\-c-sØ X-s∂ \n-e-\n¬-°p-∂p≠v. I-cm¿ Ir-jn Im¿-jn-I ta-J-e-bnkz-Im-cy \n-t£-]w h¿-≤n-∏n-°pw.

I¿-j-I¿: I-cm¿ Ir-jn F-hn-sS-bpw \-S-∏n-em°n-bn-´n-√ F-∂-√ hm-Zw. I-cm¿ Ir-jn \-S-∏nem-°-s∏-´ {]-tZ-i-ß-fn-se I¿-j-I-cp-sS A-\p`-h-߃ X-s∂-bm-Wv A-Xn-s‚ `-hn-jy-Øp-Iƒ

Nq-≠n-°m-Wn-°m≥ \n¿-_-‘n-X-cm-°p-∂-Xv. Icm¿ Ir-jn hym-]-I-am-°p-tºmƒ hn-]-Wn-bn-se B-h-iy-߃-°v (A-Xv A-¥m-cm-jv-{S hn-]-Wnbp-am-Imw) A-\p-k-cn-®p-≈ hn-f-Iƒ Ir-jn sNøm≥ I¿-j-I-sc \n¿-_-‘n-X-cm-°pw. cm-PyØn-s‚ `-£y kp-c-£-bv-°v C-Xv `o-j-Wn-bmIpw F-∂-tXm-sSm-∏w hn-]-Wn-bn-se hn-e hyXn-bm-\-߃ A-\p-k-cn-®v I-º-\n-Iƒ \n-›-bn°p-∂ hn-e-bv-°v hn-f-Iƒ hn¬-°m≥ I¿-j-I¿ \n¿-_‘ - n-°s - ∏-Sp-Ib - pw sN-øpw. an-\n-aw k-lmb hn-e \n-b-a-]-c-am-b A-h-Im-i-am-bn am-dm-ØnS-tØm-fw I¿-j-I¿ kz-Im-cy I-tºm-f-ß-fp-sS

\n-b-{¥-W-߃-°v A-Sn-s∏-Spw. k¿-°m¿ : F-]n-Fw-kn-I-fp-sS Ip-Ø-I C√m-Xm-°n, I¿-j-I-sc kz-X-{¥-cm-°p-I-bmWv k¿-°m¿ sN-øp-∂-Xv. I¿-j-I¿: k¿-°m¿ N-¥-I-fpw F-]n-Fw-knI-fpw Im-cy-£-a-am-bn {]-h¿-Øn-°m-Ø-Xv k¿°m-cp-I-fp-sS ]n-Sn-∏p-tI-Sp-sIm-≠m-Wv. C-Xn-\v tI-{μ-˛-kw-ÿm-\ K-h¨-sa‚p-Iƒ Iq-´p-Ø-chm-Zn-I-fm-Wv. \n-e-hn¬ 6% I¿-j-I¿-°v am-{Xta an-\n-aw k-lm-b hn-e-bv-°v D¬-∏-∂-߃ hn-‰-gn-°m≥ km-[n-°p-∂p-≈q. _m-°n 94% I¿j-I-cpw kz-Im-cy I-®-h-S-°m-cp-sS Nq-j-W-Øn\v hn-t[-b-cm-Wv. k¿-°m¿ hn-]-W-\ tI-{μ߃ B-h-iy-Øn-\n-√m-Ø-Xpw, D-≈-h X-s∂ h-f-sc Zq-sc ÿ-e-ß-fn-em-b-Xn-\m-epw, k¿°m¿ N-¥-I-fn¬ hn-‰m¬ D-S≥ X-s∂ ]-Ww e-`y-am-Im-Ø A-h-ÿ-bpw H-s°-t®¿-∂m-Wv I¿-j-I¿-°v Cu K-Xn h-cp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. Im¿-jn-I hn-f-Iƒ kw-`-cn-°m-\p-≈ ]-Ww kwÿm-\-߃-°v A-Uzm≥-km-bn \¬-Ip-∂-XntI-{μ k¿-°m-¿ h-cp-Øp-∂ ho-gv-N-I-fm-Wv k¿-

°m¿ a-Wv-Un-I-fn¬ \n-∂v I¿-j-I-sc A-I-‰p∂-Xv. K-h¨-sa‚p-I-fp-sS X-s∂ ]n-Sn-∏p-tI-SpI-sf a-d-®p-sh-®p-sIm-≠v Im¿-jn-I ta-J-e-sb kz-Im-cy-h¬-°-cn-°m-\p-≈ \-S-]-Sn-I-fp-am-bn apt∂m-´p-t]m-Im-\m-Wv k¿-°m¿ {i-an-°p-∂-Xv. k¿-°m¿: {]-[m-\-a-{¥n \-tc-{μ tam-Zn-sb kw-_-‘n-®n-S-tØm-fw Ir-jn-°m-cp-sS t£aw A-t±-l-Øn-s‚ Po-hn-X-Øn-se {]-[m\-s∏-´ Im-cy-am-Wv. I¿-j-I¿-°v tZm-j-I-cam-b H-∂pw Cu k¿-°m¿ sN-øn-√.

I¿-j-I¿: I¿-j-I t£-aw Po-hn-X-{h-X-am-°nsb-∂v A-hI - m-is - ∏-Sp-∂ \-tc{μ tam-Zn-bpw A-t±-l-Øn-s‚ Io-gn-ep-≈ k¿-°m-cpw I¿-jI¿-°pw km-[m-c-W D-]-t`m‡m-°ƒ-°p-ap-≈ k-_v-knUn-I-fpw a-‰v ku-P-\y-ß-fpw C-√m-Xm-°p-∂ {]-hr-Øn-bn-emWv G¿-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. ]p-Xnb ssh-Zyp-Xn \n-b-a t`-Z-K-Xn \-S-∏n-em--°n-°-gn-™m¬ A-Xv I¿-j-I¿-°v ta¬ h-en-b `mcw G¬-∏n-°p-sa-∂-Xv kw-ibc-ln-X-am-b Im-cy-am-Wv. ]pXn-b _n¬ \n-b-a-am-bn-°-gn™m¬ {]-Xn-am-k ssh-Zyp-X Xm-cn-^v 5000-˛6000 h-sc AUzm≥-kv Xp-Ib - m-bn I¿-jI - ¿ ssh-Zyp-X hn-X-c-W I-º-\nIƒ-°v \¬-tI-≠n h-cpw. sNdp-In-S I¿-j-I-sc kw-_-‘n-®n-S-tØm-fw C-Xv Xm-ßm-hp-∂-Xn-\pw A-∏p-d-am-Wv. A-Uzm≥-kv Xp-I A-S-bv-°p-∂-Xn¬ ho-gv-N h-cp-Øn-bmssh-Zyp-Xn _-‘w hn-t—-Zn-°p-hm-\p-≈ A-[nIm-cw hn-X-c-W I-º-\n-Iƒ-°m-Wv. C-Xv Im¿jn-I ta-J-e-bn¬ h-en-b {]-Xn-k-‘n kr-jv-Sn°pw F-∂-Xv kp-\n-›n-X-am-Wv. A-Xp-t]m-se X-s∂ ssh-Zyp-Xn k-_v-kn-Un-Iƒ F-Sp-Øp-If-bp-∂-tXm-sS {]-Xn-am-kw 300 bq-Wn-‰v h-sc D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂-h¿-°v bq-Wn-s‰m-∂n-\v 8 ap-X]-Øv cq-] h-sc \¬-tI-≠p-∂ A-h-ÿ-bpw D≠m-Ipw. ssh-Zyp-Xn D-]t- `m-KØ - n-t∑-ep-≈ t{Imkv k-_v-kn-Un F-Sp-Øp-I-f-bp-hm-\p-≈ Xo-cpam-\-hpw Zm-cn-{Zy tc-J-bv-°v Xm-sg-bp-≈ Ip-Spw_-ß-sf kw-_-‘n-®n-S-tØm-fw C-Sn-Øo-bm-bn am-dpw. 80- i-X-am-\-Øn-\v ap-I-fn¬ sN-dp-In-S I¿j-I-cp-≈ C-¥y-bn¬ Cu \n-b-aw h-en-sbm-cp P-\-hn-`m-K-sØ {]-Xn-Iq-e-am-bn _m-[n-°p-sa-∂v ]-d-tb-≠-Xn-√-t√m.

Xømdm°nbXv: sI. kltZh≥

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7

kwÿm\ßfpsS A[nImcØnep≈ IS∂pIb‰w

Im¿jnI \nba߃ CcpXe aq¿®bp≈ hmƒ Htckabw I¿jIsc tIm¿∏td‰pIƒ°v H‰psImSp°pIbpw s^Ud¬ hyhÿsb A´nadn°pIbpw sNøp∂p

Im¿-jn-I-ta-J-e-sb km-am-\y-am-bpw I¿-jI-sc k-hn-ti-j-am-bpw t\-cn-´v _m-[n-°p-∂ c≠v ]p-Xn-b \n-b-a-ß-fpw H-cp \n-b-a-t`-Z-K-Xnbp-am-Wv tI-{μ-K-h-s◊‚ v C-t∏mƒ ]m-km-°nbn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. `-c-W-L-S-\ A-\p-im-kn-°p-∂ s^-U-d-en-k-sØ-bpw A-Xv _m-[n-°p-∂p-≠v.

I¿-j-tIm-ev-]-∂ hym-]m-c-hn-]-W-\ \n-b-a-am-Wv H-∂v. Nn-e D-ev-]-∂-ß-fp-sS Im-cy-Øn¬ C-et{Œm-Wn-Iv hym-]m-c-hpw C-sIm-ta-gv-kpw A-\ph-Zn-°p-∂ Cu \n-b-aw kw-ÿm-\ K-h-s◊‚ns‚ \n-b-{¥-W-ß-fpw Ir-jn, Im¿-jn-I-hn-`-hß-fp-sS hym-]m-cw F-∂n-h-sb-°p-dn-®p-≈ Kym-

8

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c‚n-I-fpw A-h-bv-°v \n-Ip-Xn G¿-s∏-Sp-Øm-\p≈ A-[n-Im-c-hpw F-Sp-Øp-I-f-bp-∂p. c-≠m-asØ I¿-j-I (im-‡o-I-c-W- kw-c-£-W) \nb-aw Im¿-jn-I I-cm-dp-Iƒ-°p-≈ N-´-°q-Sv ap≥Iq-´n D-≠m-°p-∂ H-∂m-Wv. Im-em-h-[n, hn-e-\n¿W-bw, N-c-°v F-Øn-°¬, {]-Xn-^-ew sIm-Sp°¬ H-s° C-ß-s\ ap≥-Iq-´n \n-›-bn-°-s∏Spw. kn-hn¬ tIm-S-Xn-I-sf a-dn-I-S-∂p-sIm-≠v F-Iv-kn-Iyp-´o-hv X-e-Øn¬ X¿-°-]-cn-lm-c -\S-]-Sn-I-fpw A-Xv hn-`m-h-\w sN-øp-∂p. Cu c≠v \n-b-a-ß-sf-bpw 1955se A-h-iy-h-kv-Xp \nb-a-Øn-s‚ ]p-Xn-b t`-Z-K-Xn-bp-am-bn tN¿-ØmWv hm-bn-t°-≠-Xv. [m-\y-߃, ]-b¿-h¿-K߃, D-cp-f-°n-g-ßv, D-≈n, `-£y-tbm-Ky-am-b F-Æ-°p-cp-°ƒ, F-Æ F-∂o `-£y-h-kv-Xp-°fp-sS kw-`-c-W-Øn-\v ]-cn-[n-I-fn-√m-Xm-°n-s°m≠v, I-tºm-f-Øn-se hy-Xn-bm-\-߃ I-W-°nse-Sp-Øv am-{X-ta C-Ø-cw ]-cn-[n-Iƒ \n¿-Wbn-°m-hq F-∂ hy-h-ÿ ]p-Xn-b-Xm-bn A-Snt®¬-]n-®n-cn-°p-∂p. i-cm-i-cn I¿-j-I-\pw Ir-jn-°pw ta¬ Ch-bp-≠m-°p-∂ {]-Xym-Lm-X-ß-sf-°p-dn-®v \ne-hn-ep-≈ hn-a¿-i-\-߃-°-∏p-d-Øv, ]p-Xn-b \nb-a-߃ `-c-W-L-S-\-bp-sS s^-U-d¬ X-Xz߃ hy-‡-am-bpw ew-Ln-®p-sIm-≠p-≈-h-bmWv; `-c-W-L-S-\-bp-sS 246˛-mw h-Ip-∏v hn-`m-h\w sN-øp-∂ \n-b-a-\n¿-am-W A-[n-Im-cw A-Xn√m- X m- ° p- ∂ p. G- g mw sj- U yq- f n- s e ]- ´ n- I c≠n¬ 14 ap-X¬ 21 h-sc-bpw 26 ap-X¬ 28 hsc-bpw D-≈ J-fin-I-Iƒ hy-‡-am-°p-∂-Xv Irjn-bpw A-tXm-S-\p-_-‘n-®p-≈ a-s‰-√m Im-cyß-fpw - hn-Zym-`ym-kw, K-th-j-Ww, I-∂p-Im-en h-f¿-ج, a-’y-k-º-Øv, P-e-tk-N-\w, I-

tºm-fw, N-¥, hym-]m-cw, hn-]-W-\w C-ßn-s\ F-√mw - kw-ÿm-\-Øn-s‚ hn-j-b-ß-fm-sW∂m-Wv. hym-]m-c-sØ-bpw hn-ev-]-\-sb-bpw kw_-‘n-°p-∂ ]-´n-I c≠n-se C-cp-]-Øn-b-©mw Ip-dn-∏n¬ \n-∂v H-gn-hm-°m-hp-∂ Im-cy-ß-sf°p-dn-®v ]-´n-I aq∂nse 33¬ C-ß-s\ ]-dbp∂p: Xm-sg ]-d-bp-∂-h-bp-sS D-ev-]m-Z-\w, hn-Xc-Ww, hym-]m-cw, hn-]-W-\w Xp-S-ßn-b-h (a) ]m¿-en-sa‚ v s]m-Xp-P-\-Xm¬-]-cym¿∞w \n-b-aw ]m-km-°n {]-Jym-]n-°p-∂-h-tbm C-d-°p-a-Xn sN-øp-∂-h-tbm B-b hy-h-km-bß-fp-sS D-ev-]-∂-߃ (b) F-Æ-°p-cp-°-fpw F-Æ-I-fp-apƒ-s∏sS-bp-≈ `-£y-]-Zm¿-∞-߃ (c) ]n-Æm-°pw a-‰p-≈-hbp- a pƒ- s ∏- s S- b p- ≈ Im- e nØo‰ (d) A- k w- k v - I r- X - ] - c pØn, ]-cp-Øn-hn-Øv (e) A-kw-kv-Ir-X N-Ww C-hn-sS ap-Jy-am-b Du∂¬ 's]m-Xp-P-\-Xm¬-]-cym¿∞w' F-∂-Xn-\m-Wv F-∂p-≈Xp-sIm-≠p-X-s∂ `-c-W-L-S\m-\n¿-am-Xm-°-fp-sS D-t±-iw C-hn-sS ]-cn-tim-[n-°-s∏-tS≠- X p- ≠ v . ]- ´ n- I c≠nse 24˛mw J-fin-I {]-Im-cw hyh-km-b-hpw kw-ÿm-\-Øn-\v Io-gn¬ h-cp-∂ hn-j-b-am-sW¶n-epw, ]-´n-I H∂n-se G-gmw J-fin-I-bv-°v A-Xv hn-t[-b-am-Wv - bp-≤-hpam-bn _-‘-s∏-´ tI-kn-epw ]-´n-I c≠n-se 52˛-mw J-fin-I {]-Im-c-ap-≈ k-μ¿-`-Øn-epw 's]m-Xp-P-\-Xm¬-]-cy'hp-am-bn _-‘-s∏-´m-Wv A-Xv \n-e-\n¬-°p-∂-Xv. tI-{μ ]-´n-I H∂nIr-jn-t°m Im¿-jn-I-I-tºm-f-߃-t°m ÿm\-an-√. A-Ø-c-sam-cp h-Ip-∏v 1955se I¨-Id‚ v en-Ãn¬ 33¬ h-cp-∂-Xv A-©mw t`-Z-K-Xnsb Xp-S¿-∂m-Wv. Cu t`-Z-K-Xn-°v H-cp N-cn-{Xk-μ¿-`-ap-≠v. K-h-s◊‚ v Hm-^v C-¥ym B-Iv‰v 1935 {]-Im-cw Im¿-jn-tIm-ev] - ∂ - ß - f - p-sS hym]m-c-hpw hn-\n-a-b-hpw s{]m-hn≥-jy¬ en-Ãnem-bn-cp-∂p. c-≠mw-tem-Ib - p-≤h - pw Xp-S¿-∂p-≈ £m-a-ß-fpw A-h tI-{μ-\n-b-{¥-W-Øn-em-°p∂-Xn-\v Im-c-W-am-bn. £m-aw Xp-S¿-∂p. {_n´o-jv K-h-s◊‚ v, C-¥ym (sk≥-{S¬ K-hs◊‚ v G‚ v se-Pn-t…-®¿) B-Iv-‰v 1946 ]mkm-°n. Nn-e {]m-tZ-in-I-hn-j-b-ß-fn¬ \n-baw \n¿-an-°m≥ sUm-an-\n-b≥ K-h-s◊‚n-s\

A-\p-h-Zn-®v, A-h-iy-h-kv-Xp hn-X-c-W (Xm¬°m-en-I) A-[n-Im-c-\n-b-aw 1946 A-ßn-s\ ]mkm-b-Xm-Wv. Hm-tcm h¿-j-tØ-°m-Wv Cu \nb-a-ß-fp-sS Im-em-h-[n-sb-¶n-epw, `-£y-ÿn-Xnbn¬ am-‰-an-√m-Ø-Xn-\m¬ A-h ]p-Xp-°n-s°mt≠-bn-cp-∂p. C-Xv ap-t∂m-´v sIm-≠p-t]m-Ip-∂Xn-\m-bn, A-©v sIm-√-am-bn Im-em-h-[n \n-›bn-°p-∂ 369-mw h-Ip-∏v tIm¨-Ãn-‰yp-h‚ v Akw-ªn C-Xn¬ Iq-´n-®!¿-Øp. 1955 P-\p-h-cn 26\v Cu h-Ip-∏p-Iƒ d-±m-t°-≠ k-a-b-Øv `-£y\n-e ]-cp-ß-en-em-bn-cp-∂p. ]q-gv-Øn-h-bv-∏pw Icn-©-¥-bpw cm-Py-Øv hym-]-I-am-bn-cp-∂p. B k-μ¿-`-Øn-em-Wv ta-se sIm-Sp-Ø \m-ev Jfin-I-Iƒ ]-´n-I c≠n¬ 33¬ Iq-´n-t®¿-Ø-

Xv. 1955se A-h-iy-h-kv-Xp-\n-b-aw ]m-km-°nb-Xv C-Xn-\v ]n-¥p-W \¬-Ip-hm-\m-Wv. aq-∂mw t`-ZK - X - n-tbm-sSm-∏w tN¿-Øn-´p-≈ e-£y-ßs - fbpw Im-c-W-ß-sf-bpw Ip-dn-®p-≈ {]-kv-Xm-hw C-°m-cyw hy-‡-am-°p-∂p-ap-≠v: "tI-{μ-Øn-s‚ \n-b-{¥-W-Øn-\v Io-gn-ep≈-Xm-bn {]-Jym-]n-®n-´p-≈ hy-h-km-b-ß-sf°p-dn-®p-≈ \n-b-a-\n¿-am-Ww \-S-Øp-∂-Xn-\v ]m¿-se‚n-s\ k-lm-bn-°m≥ th-≠n-bm-Wv I¨-I-d‚ v en-Ãn-se 33-˛mw Ip-dn-∏v tN¿-Øncn-°p-∂-Xv. C-Xn-\v ]p-d-ta, 369-mw h-Ip-∏v A©p-h¿-j-tØ-°v Nn-e {]-tXy-I A-h-iy-h-kvXp-°-fp-sS Im-cy-Øn¬ \n-b-a-ap-≠m-°p-hm≥ ]m¿-e-sa‚n-\v A-[n-Im-cw \¬-In-bn-cp-∂p. 369 Im-e-l-c-W-s∏-´-tXm-sS A-h-iy-h-kv-Xp-°-fpsS D-ev-]m-Z-\w hn-X-c-Ww Xp-S-ßn-b-h C-Xn-s‚ A-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ \n-b-{¥n-°p-∂-Xv A-`n-e-jWo-b-a-√. Cu _n-√v I¨-I-d‚ v en-Ãn-se Jfin-I 33s\ hn-]p-e-s∏-Sp-Øp-I-bmWv.'

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C- t ∏m- g - s Ø ]p- X n- b \n- b - a ߃ tI-{μ-k¿-°m¿ ]m-km-°n-bn-cn°p-∂-Xv A-Xn-s‚ `-c-W-L-S-\m-]-cam-b A-[n-Im-cw a-dn-I-S-∂p-sIm-≠mbn-cp-∂p F-∂-Xv hy-‡-am-Wv. Cu \nb-a-ß-fp-sS km-[p-X kw-ÿm-\ Kh-s◊‚n-\v kp-{]ow tIm-S-sX ap-ºmsI tNm-Zyw sN-ømw. sN-øm-hp-∂ as‰m-cp Im-cyw kw-ÿm-\-k¿-°m-dns‚ A-[n-Im-c-]-cn-[n-°-I-Øv ]p-Xnb Im¿-jn-I-\n-b-a-߃ {]-h¿-Øn°p-∂-Xv A-km-[p-hm-°p-∂ H-cp ka-{K-am-b \n-b-aw kw-ÿm-\-k¿-°mdn-\v ]m-km-°n-sb-Sp-°mw. `-c-W-LS-\-bp-sS N-´-°q-Sn-\-I-Øp X-s∂ HXp-ßn-s°m-≠v, ]p-Xn-b \n-b-a-ß-fpsS {]-h¿-Ø-\-sØ d-±m-°p-∂ \n-baw \-S-∏n-em-°p-tºmƒ h-f-sc {i-≤tbm-Spw hy-‡-X-tbm-sS-bp-ap-≈ ]-Z{]-tbm-K-ß-tf A-Xn¬ h-cm-hq. a-s‰mcp X-c-Øn¬ ]-d-™m¬ \n-b-a-Øns‚ I-c-Sv X-øm-dm-t°-≠-Xpw \-S-∏nem-t°-≠-Xpw `-c-W-L-S-\-bn-se Ggmw sj-Uyq-fn-se ]-´n-I I-I¬ \¬Ip-∂ A-[n-Im-c-߃-°-I-Øv \n-∂psIm-≠m-bn-cn-°-Ww - C-Xv tI-{μ-\nb-a-ß-sf d-±m-°n-s°m-≈pw. \n-e-hn-ep-≈ ]p-Xn-b-\n-b-a-ßsf ]q¿- W - a m- b pw d- ± m- ° p- ∂ X- c Øn¬ A-tX-k-a-bw I¿-j-I-Xm¬-]cy-߃ A-tß-b-‰w kw-c-£n-®p-sIm≠v, kz-¥w A-[n-Im-c-]-cn-[n-°-I-Øv \n-∂p-sIm-≠v sN-øm-hp-∂ \n-b-a-]-cam-b C-Ss - ]-Se - p-If - m-Wv H-cp kw-ÿm\w F-∂ \n-e-bn¬ C-\n \-ap-°v \-SØm-\m-hp-I. C-¥y≥ `-c-W-L-S-\-bpsS aq-ey-ß-sf am-\n-®p-sIm-≠p-X-s∂ C-Ø-c-Øn¬ ]p-Xn-b \n-b-aw \-S-∏nem-°p-∂-Xn¬ km-t¶-Xn-I-tam \n-ba-]-c-tam B-b ]-cn-an-Xn-I-sfm-∂pw Xs∂ \n-e-hn-en-√ F-∂-Xn-\m¬ tI-cfw B co-Xn-bn¬ {i-≤m-]q¿-hw apt∂m-´v \o-ßp-I X-s∂-bm-Wv th-≠Xv. A-Xv am-{X-am-Wv, Cu am-c-W Im¿-jn-I \n-b-a-߃ ]q¿-W-am-bpw ]n≥-h-en-°m-Øn-S-tØm-fw, H-cp ]s£ \-ap-°v ap-∂n-ep-≈ H-tc-sbm-cp t]mw-h-gn. (kwÿm\ sFIyZm¿VykanXn tIcf k¿°mcn\v ka¿∏n® tcJbn¬ \n∂v)

10

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tam-Zn- : tIm¿∏td‰pIƒ kvt]m¨k¿ sNbvX {][m\a{¥n {]-^p-√ km-a-¥-d

bq-

tdm-]y≥ hym-h-km-bn-I \m-K-cn-I-X-bv-s°-Xn-sc-bp≈ t]m-cm-´-am-bn-cp-∂p C-¥y≥ kzm-X-{¥y k-a-cw. ka-c-ap-∂-Wn-bn¬ I¿-j-I-tc-bpw, A-kw-L-Sn-X sXm-gn-em-fn-I-tfbpw, ]m¿-iz-h-Xv-Ir-X-tc-bpw AWn-\n-c-Øm≥ Km-‘n {]-tXy-Iw {i-≤n-®p. C-∂p \mw Im-Wp-∂ C-¥y-bp-≠m-b-Xv A-ß-s\-bmWv. C-¥y H-cp Im¿-jn-I cm-Pyam-sW-∂pw Cu cm-Pyw {Km-a-ßfn-em-Wv Po-hn-°p-∂-sX-∂pw Km‘n B-h¿-Øn-®p ]-d-™p. Km‘n-bp-sS km-{am-Py-Xz- hn-cp-≤am-b Cu \n-e-]m-Sn-s\ tkm-jyen-Ãp-Nn-¥-bm-bn hn-I-kn-∏n-®-Xv tem-ly-bm-Wv. A-©p km-{am-Py-Xz-߃ F-∂ {]-_-‘-Øn-eq-sS A-t±-lw AXv hn-i-Zo-I-cn-®p. tIm¨-{K- p-Im¿-°p am-{X-a-√, I-ayqWn-Ãp-Iƒ-°pw A-t±-l-Øn-s‚ k-Jm-°ƒ-°pw A-Xv th-≠-{X a-\- n-em-bn-√. F-√m ta-J-e-I-fn-epw km-{amPyXz-w I-S-∂p I-b-dn cm-Py-Øn-s‚ kzm-{i-b-Xz-sØ X-I¿-Øp. s]m-dp-Xn-ap-´n-bm-Wv C-∂v I¿-j-I¿ sX-cphn-en-d-ßn-b-Xv. A-¥¿-tZ-io-b˛tZ-io-b tIm¿-∏-td-‰p-I-sf £-Wn®-Xpw h-f¿-Øn-b-Xpw tIm¨-{K- m-bn-cp-∂p. F-∂mH-Sp-hn-en-Xm tIm¿-∏-td-‰p-Iƒ t\-cn-´v H-cp {]-[m-\-a-{¥nsb sIm-≠p h-∂n-cn-°p-∂p. kw-L _p-≤n-Po-hn-Iƒ ]d-bp-∂-Xp-t]m-se A-h¿ kzm-`m-hn-I-am-bn A-[n-Im-c-Ønse-Øn-b-X-√. Xn-c-°-Y X-øm-dm-°n-b-Xv tIm¿-∏-td-‰pI-fm-Wv. Nm-b-°-S-°m-c≥, 56 C-©v s\-©-f-hv F-∂sXm-s° D-∑m-Zn-I-fm-b h¿-§o-b hm-Zn-I-sf ]-‰n-°m≥ A-h¿- sa-\-™ I-Y-I-fm-Wv. A-h¿ ]m-Sp-∂-Xn-\-\p-kcn-®v B-Sp-∂ th-jw am-{X-am-Wv tam-Zn. A-I-º-Sn-bm-bn h¿-§o-b-X-bpw I-]-S tZ-i-kv-t\-l-hpw A-]-c-h-Xv-I-c-Whpw A-b¬ cm-Py-ß-tfm-Sp-≈ `-b-hpw kr-„n-°p-∂p.

C-sXm-s° tam-Zn-bp-sS Zu¿-∫-ey-sØ a-d-®p ]n-Sn-°m\m-Wv. tem-lym-[m-c-bn-se {]-ap-J tkm-jy-en-Ãpw, temI-{]-i-kv-X ]-cn-ÿn-Xn {]-h¿-Ø-I-\p-am-b {]-^p-√ kma-¥-d \-S-Øn-b ]n hn Ip-cy≥ kv-am-c-I {]-`m-j-W-Øns‚ ]q¿-Æ-cq-]w A-Sp-Ø e-°-Øn¬.

Ir-jn-°m¿ `q-an-tbm-fw £-a-bp-≈-h¿: cm-tI-jv Sn-°m-b-Øv dn-t∏m¿-´¿: "k¿, I¿-j-I {]-ÿm-\w CXp-h-sc 10 X-h-W k¿-°m-cp-am-bn Iq-Sn°m-gv-N \-S-Øn, C-t∏mƒ A-h¿ Iq-Sn-°mgv-N-bv-°v a-s‰m-cp Xo-b-Xn Iq-Sn \¬-In-bncn-°p-I-b-t√? \n-߃ X-f¿-∂n-t√? {]-Xo£ \-„-s∏-Sp-∂n-t√?' cm-tI-jv Sn-°m-b-Xv: "Ir-jn-°m¿ £-a-bp-sSbpw ip-`m-]v-Xn-hn-izm-k-Øn-s‚-bpw {]-Xo-I-amWv. R-߃ hn-Øp-Iƒ hn-X-bv-°p-I-bpw AXv h-f-cm≥ 6 am-kw Im-Øn-cn-°p-I-bpw sN-øp∂p. F-∂n-´v, H-cp B-en-∏-gw s]-bv-Xv \-Ωp-sS hn-f-I-sf \-in-∏n-°p-tºmƒ, R-߃ X-I¿-∂pt]m-Ip-∂p, ]-t£ R-߃ Hm-Sn-t∏m-Ip-∂n-√.

Xn-cn-®p-t]m-bn R-ß-fp-sS h-b-ep-I-fn¬ tPmen sN-bv-Xv A-Sp-Ø ko-k-Wn-\m-bn X-øm-sdSp-°p-∂p. I-gn-™ Zn-h-kw Rm≥ cm-P-ÿm-\nem-bn-cp-∂p, A-hn-sS H-cp L-´-Øn¬ I¿-j-I¿ a-g-bv-°m-bn 12 h¿-j-tØm-fw Im-Øn-cp-∂p. \„-ß-fpw \o-≠ h-cƒ-®-bpw D-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-´pw A-h¿ Ir-jn-bn-S-tam Ir-jn-ÿ-e-tam D-t]-£n®n-√. A-h¿ {]-Xo-£-tbm-sS a-S-ßn, F-√m h¿-j-hpw a-g {]-Xo-£n-®v hn-X-®p. ]-{¥-≠mw h¿-jw a-g s]-bv-Xp.A-Xv H-cp I¿-j-I-s‚ £a-bp-sS-bpw ip-`m-]v-Xn-hn-izm-k-Øn-s‚-bpw {]-XoI-am-Wv. I¿-j-I¿ X-f¿-∂p-t]m-bn Cu t]m-cm´w D-t]-£n-°p-sa-∂v B-sc-¶n-epw I-cp-Xp-∂psh-¶n¬, A-h¿-°v sX-‰n, R-߃ R-ß-fp-sS B-h-iy-߃ \n-d-th-‰p-∂-Xp-h-sc H-cn-S-Øpw t]m-Ip-∂n-√.'

I¿jIcpsS kl\kacØn\v ap∂ntXm¬°psa∂v Dd∏mbtXmsS tI{μk¿°m¿ kacsØ XI¿°m≥ \SØnb KqVmtemN\bpsS ^eamWv sNt¶m´bnse HcpIq´w I¿jIcpsS kmlknI {]IS\w. AØcw KnΩnIvkpIfneqsS, A{IaßfneqsS Imcyw t\Smsa∂v IcpXp∂ hnUv V nIf√ kac t\XrXzw. Cu KqVmtemN\bn¬ Nne¿ s]´pt]mbn´p≠mImw. F∂m¬ I¿jIcpsS ss\XnIXbpw tZitØmSp≈ {]Xn_≤X-

bpamWv I¿jIsc kacapJsØØn®Xv. AhnthInIfmb GXm\pw t]cpsS AXnkmlknIXbpsS t]cn¬ B alØmb kacsØ X≈n∏dbm\mhn√. Aßs\sb¶n`KXvknwKns\bpw Izn‰v C¥ym kact]mcmfnIsfbpw \Ωƒ X≈n∏dtb≠nhcpw.

Alnwkm{]hmNI\mb almflm Km‘nt]mepw kmbp[ Iem]ImcnIfpsS Dt±iip≤nsb tNmZyw sNbvXncp∂n√. kacsØ hgnsX‰n°m≥ {ian® Bƒ _nsP]n t\Xm°fpsS Cjv S °mc\mbncp∂psh∂Xn\v Ht´sd sXfnhpIƒ h∂ kmlNcyØn¬ kw`hsØ°pdn®v kpXmcyamb Hcp At\zjWw \StØ≠Xp≠v.

Hcp kacsØ hnebncptØ≠Xv GXm\pw t]cpsS sNbvXnIfpsS ASnÿm\Øne√. Db¿Øp∂ Bhiyßsf ap≥\n¿ØnbmWv. C¥ybpsS \ne\n¬∏n\p Xs∂ hnLmXamIp∂ \nba߃s°Xnsc \S°p∂ kacamWnXv . Hcp]t£ ASnb¥ncmhÿbvs°Xnsc \S∂ t]mcm´tØ°mƒ alØcambXv. (cm-tI-jv Sn-°m-b-Xv `m-c-Xo-b In-km≥ bq-Wnb-s‚ t\-Xm-hm-Wv)

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Imºbn≥

I¿-j-I-k-a-c-sØ F¥psIm≠v ]n¥pWbv°Ww? td-j≥ ap-S-ßm-Xn-cn-°m≥, `-£y-kp-c-£ Dd-∏p-h-cp-Øm≥, I¿-j-I¿-s°m-∏w A-Wn-tNcpI..

A-dn-bp-I Cu k-a-cw \-ap-°p th-≠n-°qSn-bm-Wv. D-Xv-]-∂-ß-fp-sS kw-`-c-W-hpw Xm-ßphn-e-bp-an-√m-Xm-bm¬ I¿-j-I B-fl-l-Xy s]cp-Ipw, Im¿-jn-I ta-J-e X-I-cpw, td-j≥ kwhn-[m-\w ap-S-ßpw. Ip-Ø-I-Iƒ-°v `-£y-[m-\y hn-]-Wn Xo-sd-gp-Xm-\p-≈ Kq-Vm-tem-N-\-bm-Wv \-S-°p-∂-sX-∂v Xn-cn-®-dn-bp-I. k¿-°m¿ ]-I¬ sh-fn-®-Øn¬ X-s∂ I¿j-I-sc A-Zm-\n-°pw Aw-_m-\n-°pw H-‰p-sImSp-°p-I-bm-Wv. A-Xn-\m¬ A-Zm-\n-bp-sS-bpw Aw-_m-\n-bp-sS-bpw D-Xv-]-∂-ß-fpw tk-h-\-ßfpw _-ln-jv-°-cn-°pI. Ir-jn-°m-sc tIm¿-∏-td-‰p-I-fp-sS A-Sn-aI-fm-°p-∂ I-cm¿ Ir-jn k-{º-Zm-b-sØ sNdp-°p-I. F-^v.kn.sF. kz-Im-cy-h-Xv-°-cn-®mtd-j≥ kw-hn-[m-\w X-I-cp-sa-∂v Xn-cn-®-dn-bpI. hn-e h¿-≤n-®m-epw hn-]-Wn-bn-en-S-s]-Sn-s√∂ tI-{μ-\-bw `-£y-kp-c-£ X-I¿-°pw.

P-\-߃ ]-´n-Wn-bn-em-hpw. cm-Py-kp-c-£bv-°m-bv I¿-j-I-tcm-sSm-∏w tN¿-∂v \-ap-°v B-

h-iy-s∏-Smw. kw-ÿm-\-Øn-s‚ A-[n-Im-c-߃ I-ø-S-°p-I-I-bpw cm-Py-Øn-s‚ s^-U-d-en-ksØ X-I¿-°p-I-bpw Ir-jn-tb-bpw `-£y-kpc-£-tb-bpw hn-\m-i-I-c-am-bn _m-[n-°p-I-bpw sN-øp-∂ aq-∂v Im¿-jn-I \n-b-a-ß-fpw ]n≥-hen-°pI. Ip-Ø-I-Iƒ-°v hn-e-\n-b-{¥-Wm-[n-Im-cw \¬-Ip-∂ I-cn-©-¥-bpw ]q-gv-Øn-sh-bv-∏pw \nb-a-hn-t[-b-am-°p-∂ A-h-iy-h-kv-Xp t`-Z-K-Xn \n-b-aw ˛ 2020 ]n≥-h-en-°p-I. I¿-j-I¿-°v D-ev-]m-Z-\-s®-e-hpw A-¥- mbn Po-hn-°m-\p-≈ h-cp-am-\-hpw D-d-∏m-°p-∂ an\n-aw k-lm-b-hn-e \n-b-a-]-c-am-b A-h-Im-iam-bn {]-Jym-]n-°p-I. F^v.kn.sF. kz-Im-cy-h-Xv-°-c-Ww D-t]£n-°p-I, s]m-Xp-hn-X-c-W kw-hn-[m-\w X-I¿°m-Xn-cn-°p-I. C-e-Iv-{Sn-kn-‰n B-Iv-Sv (t`-Z-K-Xn) I-c-Sv _n¬ 2020 ]n≥-h-en-°p-I. cm-Py-kv-t\-ln-I-sf P-\m-[n-]-Xy hn-izmkn-I-sf Pm-{K-Øm-hp-I. A-∂w ap-S-ßm-Xn-cn°m≥... A-∂-Zm-Xm-°ƒ-s°m-∏w A-Wn-tN-cpI. \o-Xn-°m-bn t]m-cm-Sp-I.. ˛ tImgnt°mSv Pn√m sFIyZm¿VykanXn

sI.A-Pn-X (sN-b¿-t]-gv-k¨) : 9349127426 / hn-P-b-cm-L-h≥ tN-en-b (P-\-d¬-I¨-ho-\¿) : 8086205415 A`nhmZyßtfmsS: P\m[n]XythZn, tIcf\Zo kwc£W kanXn, At\zjn, \nk, F.Fw.Sn.bp., k¿tΔmZbafiew, amkv , Iemkmwkv I mcnI {]h¿ØI Iq´mbva˛B¿´v Kmedn tImgnt°mSv, kamPvhmZn P\ ]cnjØv, kn.]n.sF.(Fw.F¬) sdUv à m¿, kn.]n.sF.(Fw.F¬) sdUv ^v f mKv , kwbp‡ I¿jI bqWnb≥, aetbmc I¿jI bqWnb≥, tkm-jy-en-Ãv ]m¿-´n C-¥y, {- i-≤ kmaqlnI ]mTime˛sImbnem≠n, B¿. Fw.]n., s]mXphnZym`ymk kwc£W kanXn, a©mSn°pcp, tIcf tdj≥ Uotegvkv Atkmkntbj≥, tImgnt°mS≥ IfnØ´v, tIcf {]IrXn kwc£W kanXn, temlym I¿-j-I dn-∏-ªn-Iv Zn-\ {]-Jym-]-\-Øn-\v tIm-gn-t°m-Sn-s‚ hnNmcthZn, F≥.F.]n.Fw. (tIcf) sF-Iy-Zm¿-Vyw. kzm-X-{¥y k-a-c `-S-\pw tkm-jy-en-Ãp-amb ]n hm-kp tZ-io-b-]-Xm-I D-b¿-Øn P-bv-ln-μv , P-bv Inkm≥ ap-{Zm-hm-Iyw ap-g-°p-∂p

12

A¥¿[m-c

`mjm kwÿm\߃: cmPyk`m {]kwKw cm-Pyw k-a-{Km-[n-]-Xy-Øn-te-°v ]-Xn-°p-tºmƒ a-Øm-bn am-™q-cm≥ hm-bn-°-s∏-S-Ww °m-e-sam-s° C-Xn-s\-Xn-cm-bn-cp-∂ A-t±-lw, Cu k-`-bn-epw tem-I-k-`-bn¬-X-s∂-bpw `mjm A-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn-ep-≈ kw-ÿm-\-߃ A\p-h-Zn-°p-I F-∂-Xv _p-≤n-]q¿-Δw B-bn-cn-°pI-bn-s√-∂v A-k-∂n-Kv-≤-am-bn {]-kv-Xm-hn-®n-´p≈-Xm-Wv. ]-t£ Im-ew am-dn-bn-cn-°p-∂p. \ncm-lm-c {h-X-sa-Sp-Øv a-c-W-a-S-™, s]m-‰n {iocm-a-ep-hn-s‚ c-‡-km-£n-Xz-Øn¬ X-g-®-Xm-Wv `m-jm A-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn-ep-≈ kw-ÿm-\-߃.

B-{‘-°m¿-°p-th-≠n H-cp kw-ÿm-\w cq-]oI-cn-°m≥ C-∂v km-≤y-am-Wv. ]-t£ C-Xp-t]mepw H-cp k-ºq¿-Æ `m-jm kw-ÿm-\-am-Ip-∂n√. Im-c-Ww, ssl-{Zm-_m-Zn-se ]-e Pn-√-I-fpw

Hm-tcm P-\-hn-`m-K-hpw kz-bw \n¿-Æbm-h-Im-iw t\-Sp-I X-s∂- thWw an-

ÿ sU-]yq-´n sN-b¿-am≥ k¿, Ip-td-°me-am-bn C-¥y-bp-sS `m-jm-Sn-ÿm-\Ø - n-ep-≈ ]p\¿-hn-`-P-\w Cu k¿-°m-cn-s‚ ]-cn-K-W-\-bnC-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. H-º-Xp-am-kw ap-ºv cm-jv-{S-]Xn \-tΩm-Sv kw-km-cn-®-Xn-\p-ti-jw C-∂n-Xm, k¿-°m-cn-s‚ `m-K-Øv lr-Zy-am-b H-cp am-‰w h∂n-cn-°p-∂-Xm-bn F-\n-°v tXm-∂p-∂p. ap≥ {]kw-K-Øn¬ A-t±-lw \-tΩm-Sv ]-d-™-Xv `mjm A-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn-ep-≈ kw-ÿm-\-Øn-\p-th≠n-bp-≈ hm-Zw X-\n {]m-tZ-in-I hm-Zw F-∂mbn-cp-∂p. ]-t£ C-Ø-h-W cm-Py-sam-´m-sI Cu {]-iv-\w P-\-ß-fp-sS a-\- n¬ Xn-c-X-√p-I-bmsW-∂v A-t±-lw a-\- n-em-°n-bn-´p-≈-Xm-bn ImWp-∂p. C-Xn¬ Ip-d-s®m-s° \ym-b-ap-s≠-∂pw A-t±-lw k-Ω-Xn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. ]-t£, {]-iv-\Øn-s‚ A-Sn-b-¥n-c-am-b Ku-c-h-kz-`m-hw A-t±lw a-\- n-em-°m-Ø-t]m-se-bm-Wv. i-cn-°v ]d-™m¬ tIm¨-{K- n-s‚ I-gn-™ ssl-{Zm_m-Zv k-tΩ-f-\-Øn¬ `m-jm A-Sn-ÿm-\-tÉv cq-]o-I-c-W-sØ-∏-‰n Ip-td-tb-sd N¿-®-Iƒ Db-cp-I-bp-≠m-bn. C-¥y-bp-sS {]-[m-\-a-{¥n, C-

Cu kw-ÿm-\-tØm-Sv tN¿-°p-∂n-√. a-{Zm-kv kw-ÿm-\-Øn-se P-\-߃ sX-ep-¶v kw-kmcn-°p-∂ `m-K-߃ am-{X-am-Wn-Xv Dƒ-s°m-≈p∂-Xv. C-Xn-s‚ A¿-∞w Cu tÃ-‰n-\v, A-X¿ln-°p-∂ sI-´p-d-∏v D-≠m-hn-s√-∂-Xm-Wv. sXep-¶v kw-km-cn-°p-∂ ap-gp-h≥ P-\-ß-sf-bpw Dƒ- s °m- ≈ n- ® p- s Im- ≠ p- a m- { X- t a b- Y m¿- ∞ Øn¬ H-cp B-{‘-kw-ÿm-\w cq-]o-I-cn-°m≥ B-Iq. ]-e sX-ep-¶v {]-tZ-i-ß-fpw Dƒ-s∏-SpØm-sX-bm-Wv C-t∏mƒ cq-]-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂ B{‘ kw-ÿm-\w. ss\-km-an-s\ cm-P-{]-ap-J-\mbn H-cn-S-Øv hm-gn-°-Ww F-∂ Zp-cp-t±-i-hpw CXn-s‚ ]n-∂n¬ D-≈-Xm-bn Du-ln-°-s∏-Sp-∂p. ssl-Z-cm-_m-Zv kw-ÿm-\w hn-`-Pn-®p-t]m-bmsX-°v C-¥y-°v B-sI-X-s∂ H-cp-X-cw A-k¥p-en-Xm-h-ÿ h-t∂-°p-sa-∂v Nn-e¿ `-b-s∏Sp-∂-t]m-se tXm-∂p-∂p. "k¿, C-Ø-cw Nn-¥mK-Xn-Iƒ ssl-{Zm-_m-Zv ss\-kmw C-¥y krjv-Sn-°-s∏-Spw- ap-ºv X-s∂ D-≠m-b-Xm-Wv: At±-l-sØ C-t∏mƒ ÿm-\-{`-jv-S-\m-°p-∂-Xv icn-b-√', Xp-S-ßn-b Nn-¥m-K-Xn-Iƒ C-hn-sS {]-

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13

I-S-am-b-Xn¬ Rm≥ hym-Ip-e-Nn-Ø-\m-Wv. \mw \-Ωp-sS I¨-ap-ºn¬ Im-Wp-∂-Xv \-hm-_v-amcpw cm-Pm-°-∑m-cpw N-{I-h¿-Øn Xn-cp-ta-\n-am¿ X-s∂-bpw N-cn-{X-am-‰-Øn¬ sIm-gn-™p-ho-gp∂-Xm-Wv. F-¥m-bm-epw Cu {]-iv-\-sØ-∏-‰nbp-≈ ]-e X-e-ß-fn-ep-ap-≈ N¿-® b-Ym¿-∞Øn¬ cm-Py-Øn-s‚ sF-Iy-sØ-bpw `-{Z-X-tbbpw X-I¿-°p-∂ cq-]w-{]m-]n-°p-I-bpw sN-øp∂p. `m-jm kw-ÿm-\-߃ D-S≥-X-s∂ A-\ph-Zn-°-s∏-Sm-Ø- ]-£w C-Xn-\p-th-≠n-bp-≈ {]t£m-`-߃ cm-Py-am-sI Xo ]-S-cm≥ C-S-h-cpØpw. `m-jm kw-ÿm-\-߃ D-S-se-Sp-°m-Ø]-£w tI-{μ-k¿-°m-cn-\v t\-sc ]I-bpw hn-tZz-j-hpw P-\n-°p-I-bpw sN-øpw. C-¥y-bp-sS a-‰v `m-K-ßfn-epw Iq-Sn Cu {]-t£m-`-Ww D-b-cp-tºmƒ K-h¨-sa‚n-\v CXn-s\ t\-cn-Sm≥ {]-bm-k-߃ G-sd D-≠m-hmw. h-f-sc hn-jaw ]n-Sn-® H-c-h-ÿ-bm-Wv C-Xv. C-∂v P-Ωp-hn¬ \-S-°p-∂ sN-dnb {]-t£m-`-sØ-t∏m-epw t\-cn-Sp∂ Im-cy-Øn¬ \-Ωp-sS {][m-\-a-{¥n-°v X-e-th-Z-\ tXm-∂p-I-bm-Wv. Im-c-Ww A-Xv tZ-io-bh - pw km¿-Δt- Zio-b-hp-am-b A-Sn-ÿm-\{]-iv-\-߃ D-b¿-Øp-∂p. cm-Py-sa-ºm-Spw `m-jm kw-ÿm-\-߃-°p-th≠n-bp-≈ {]-t£m-`-W-ß-sf A-Sn-®-a¿-Øn-°f-bm-sa-∂v Cu K-h¨-sa‚ v hym-tam-ln-°-cpXm-Ø-Xm-Wv. ssl-{Zm-_m-Zv tIm¨-{K- n¬ D{K≥ ap-Kn-e {]-Xm-]-Øn-s‚ ssi-en-bn¬ auem-\ A-_v-Zp¬-I-emw B-km-Zv D-Zv-tLm-jn-°pI-bp-≠m-bn. A-Xv A-t±-l-Øn-\v A-`n-am-\-I-cam-bn-cn-°mw-˛-B-sc-¶n-epw `m-jm kw-ÿm-\sØ-∏-‰n kw-km-cn-°p-∂-Xv C-hn-sS k-ln-®pIq-Sm-Ø H-cp Im-cy-am-sW-∂v. C-Ø-cw hm-°pIƒ P-\m-[n-]-Xy C-¥y-°v H-cp `o-j-Wn-bmWv. Cu k¿-°m¿ `m-jm kw-ÿm-\-Øn-\p-th≠n-bp-≈ Cu cm-Py-sØ P-\-ß-fp-sS A-`n-emj-ß-sf A-a¿-® sN-øm-\m-Wv t\m-°p-∂-sX¶n¬ \-Ωp-sS {]-Jym-]n-X-am-b tZ-io-b-hpw A¥¿-t±-io-b-hp-am-b \-b-߃ Im-]-Syw \n-d-™h-bm-sW-∂v h-cpw. `m-jm kw-ÿm-\w cq-]o-I-cn-°-W-sa-∂-Xv im-kv-{Xo-b-am-b H-cm-h-iy-am-Wv. im-kv-{X-sa-∂Xp-X-s∂ Hm-tcm h-kv-Xp-hn-\pw A-Xn-s‚ ÿm\-hpw h-en-∏-hpw \n-›-bn-°p-∂-Xm-Wv. {_n-´ojv k¿-°m-cn-s‚ e-°n-√m-Ø \-S-]-Sn-Iƒ-aq-eam-Wv A-h¿ Cu cm-Py-sØ A-Sn-a-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-

14

A¥¿[m-c

Xn-\p-ti-jw \m-\m-X-c-Øn¬ kw-ÿm-\-߃ Chn-sS cq-]o-I-cn-°m≥ ap-Xn-cp-I-bp-≠m-b-Xv. CtX sX-‰n¬ Du-∂n-\n-∂p-sIm-≠v X-s∂ C-∂p Im-Wp-∂ hn-`-P-\w h-gn \mw ]-g-b Ip-g-∏-߃ \n-e-\n¿-Øp-I-bm-Wv. a-{Zm-kv kw-ÿm-\-Øn-te°v t\m-°q. A-hn-sS X-an-g-∑m-cpw B-{‘-°mcpw a-‰v hn-`m-K-°m-cpw X-Ωn¬ tN-cn-t∏m-cp-I-fmWv. A-hn-sS Im-a-cm-Pv \m-Sm¿ ta-[m-hn-Xzw hln-°p-∂p. an-ÿ cm-Pm-tKm-]m-em-Nm-cn Cu ta[m-hn-Xzw X-\n-°v e-`n-°m-\m-Wv {i-an-®p-sIm-≠ncn-°p-∂-Xv. an-ÿ {]-Im-i-hpw X-s‚ ta-[m-hnXzw ÿm-]n-°p-∂-Xn¬ ap≥-]-¥n-bn¬ X-s∂bm-Wv. C-h-sbm-s° Nq-≠p-]-e-I-Iƒ B-Wv. Cu B-`y-¥-c ssh-cp-≤y-ß-sfm-s° h-f-cm≥ t]m-hp-I-bm-Wv. \mw \-Ωp-sS cm-Py-Øn-s‚ AJ-fi-X-sb ]-‰n-tbm, sF-Iy-Zm¿-Vy-sØ ]-‰ntbm F-{X X-s∂ ho-ºn-f-°n-bm-epw sIm-≈mw, \-Ωp-sS P-\-߃-°v C-Xv a-\- n-em-Im-s\m-∂pw t]m-Ip-∂n-√. A-h-cp-sS B-h-iyw `m-jm A-Snÿm-\-Øn-ep-≈ kw-ÿm-\-߃ hn-`-Pn-®p In´p-I-sb-∂p-≈-Xm-Wv. C-Xv km-[n-®p In-´m-Ø-]£w H-cp-]m-Sv Ip-g-∏-߃ X-e-s]m-°n ]p-d-Øph-cpw. C-hn-sS K-h¨-sa‚n-\v kz-¥w i-‡n-sIm≠v X-Sp-°m-\m-hm-Ø-hn-[w {]-t£m-`-W-ß-fpw e-l-f-I-fpw Cu {]-iv-\-sØ-∏-‰n D-b-cm≥ t]mhp-I-bm-Wv. e-£-°-W-°n-\v P-\-ß-fp-sS Bim-`n-em-jß - s - f B¿-°pw N-hn-´n-sa-Xn-°m-\m-hpI-bn-√. \-Ωp-sS {]-kn-U‚ v C-Ø-h-W {]-iv-\sØ-∏-‰n t_m-[-hm-\m-Wv. C-¥ym-K-h¨-sa‚pw {]-iv-\-Øn-s‚ A-Sn-b-¥n-c kz-`m-h-sØ-∏-‰n Adn-hp-≈-h¿ X-s∂-bm-Wv. ]-t£ b-Ym¿-∞ {]iv-\-Øn-s‚ Ku-c-h-kz-`m-h-Øn-\v t\-sc C-h¿ I-Æ-S-°p-I-bm-Wv. I-Æv A-S-®-Xp-sIm-≠v Imcy-an-√. h-f-sc th-K-Øn-ep-≈ \-S-]-Sn-I-fm-Wmh-iyw. `m-jm A-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn-ep-≈ kw-ÿm-\߃ ]p-\¿-hn-`-P-\w sN-bv-Xv H-cp ]p-Xn-b C¥y-sb kr-jv-Sn-t® Xo-cq. \m-\m-hn-[ P-\-hn-`m-K-ß-fp-sS Iq-´m-b Hcp cm-Py-Øn-\pw ]p-tcm-K-Xn F-fp-∏-a-√. \-ΩptS-Xv H-cp _-lp-cm-jv-{S-am-Wv. kz-`m-h-߃-°v am‰w D-≠m-sb-∂v h-cpw. Cu kz-`m-h-am-‰w `m-j-Ifpw ]-cn-X-ÿn-Xn-bpw A-\p-k-cn-®m-Wv. C-Xn-\v ]-cn-lm-cw Cu cm-Py-sØ Hm-tcm P-\-hn-`m-K-hpw kz-bw \n¿-Æm-b-h-Im-iw t\-Sp-I F-∂-Xp-X-s∂bm-Wv. C-hn-sS Hm-tcm hn-`m-K-Øn-\pw Hm-tcm cmjv{- S-Øn-\pw kz-bw-`c - W - m-hI - m-ia - m-Wv B-hi - yw.

C-Xv A-\p-h-Zn-®p-sIm-≠p-am-{X-ta Cu \m-Sn-s‚ {]-iv-\-߃-°pw Ip-g-∏-߃-°pw ]-cn-lm-cw Is≠-Øm≥ I-gn-bq.

(1986 ¬ {]-kn-≤o-I-cn-® a-Øm-bn am-™q-cm≥ kv-a-c-Wn-I-bn¬ \n-∂v)

Hcp sImSw ]mdv arZpem-tZhn Fkv.

Hcp sImSw ]mdv H√nbSpØm¬ sNm√mw Hcp anfn¥nbn¬ Imfnbm°v adp anfn¥nbn¬ a\ap´v Ccpanfn¥nbpw I‰mtW I‰m¬ \ns∂ It´mfm F¥v I´p tNev I´p F¥v tNev ]m´v tNev F¥v ]m´v \ns‚ ]m´v F¥v \o Fs‚ \o...

Im´v anindn≥ Ieºev IcpacØn≥ aqfev N¶nev Xqfn s]øWv ISenev

NmdehfpsS N¶nepw s]Æv \\bWv ]qan IpfncWv s]Æv ]ScWv aÆv IpXncWv... ]m´v ]ScWn∂m´w apdpIWv Iq´v Ipg¬hnfn s]m¥n apgßWv Xp‰mhgn®hfm´amSWv Is‰dn™hƒ IcfpI°Wv F¥v I´v tNev I´v F¥v tNev ]m´v tNev F¥v ]m´v \ns‚ ]m´v F¥v \o Fs‚ \o... ...................................................

* ]mfph `mj / ]db `mjbnemWv Cu ]m´v cNn°s∏´ncn°p∂Xv.

A¥¿[m-c

15

]m-fp-h `m-j s]m-¥n-ap-g-°p-∂-sX-¥v ?

Zn-\p sh-bn¬

sI

-\n-b≥ F-gp-Øp-Im-c\pw A-°m-Z-an-jy-\p-am-b ßpKn hm Xn-tbm-Mv-Hm In-Iyp (Kikuyu) k-ap-Zm-b-Øn-s‚ KnIyp (Gikyu) `m-jb - n-em-Wv temI {i-≤ t\-Sn-b c-N-\-Iƒ Fgp-Xn-bn-´p-f-Xv. G-I-tZ-iw sXmÆq-‰n G-tgm-fw `m-j-I-fn-te°v A-t±-l-Øn-s‚ c-N-\-Iƒ hn-h¿-Ø-\w sN-ø-s∏-´n-´p-≠v.

F-¥v sIm-≠v In-Iypv `m-jbn¬ c-N-\-Iƒ F-gp-Xp-∂p F∂-Xn-\v A-t±-lw \¬-Ip-∂ adp-]-Sn-bp-≠v. tI-h-ew H-cp B{^n-°≥ X-\-Xp `m-j-bn¬ Hcp km-ln-Xyw ]n-d-°p-∂p F∂p-≈-X-√, a-dn-®p B-tKm-f Xe-Øn¬ X-s∂ cq-]-s∏-´p hcp-∂ `m-j-bpw kw-kv-Im-c-hpw F-ß-s\ A-[n-Im-c-hpw A-[oi-Xz-hp-am-bn _-‘n-X-am-Wv F-∂ N¿-®-I-fp-sS Np-‰p-]mSn¬ \n-∂v th-Ww Hm-tcm X\-Xp `m-j-bp-sS-bpw tc-J-s]Sp-Ø-en-s\ Im-Wm≥ F-∂-t±lw A-`n-{]m-b-s∏-Sp-∂p. CsXm-cp X-c-Øn¬ F-¥m-Wv tem-I km-ln-Xyw F-∂-Xn-s\ Ip-dn-®p-≈ ]p-\¿ hn-Nn-¥-\-amWv. F-¥v sIm-≠v Cu X-t±io-b `m-j \n-߃-°p ]-cn-NnX-a-√, F-¥v sIm-≠v Cu P\-X-sb \n-߃ Im-Wm-sX

16

A¥¿[m-c

t]m-Ip-∂p, F-¥p-sIm-≠v Nne a-\p-jy-cp-sS, kw-kv-Im-chpw \n-izm-k-ß-fpw B-hn-jvIm-c-ß-fpw ]p-dw-X-≈-s∏-´p t]m-Ip-∂p? C-tX tNm-Zy-am-Wv ]m-fp-h `m-j-bn¬ ar-Zp-e tZhn F-kv "Zn t{K-‰v C-¥y≥ In®≥' F-∂ kn-\n-a-bn-eq-sS s]m-¥n ap-g-°p-∂-Xv.

{]m-Xn-\n-[y-Øn-s‚ cm-{„o-bw a-e-bm-f kn-\n-am temIw H-cp A-{K-lm-c `q-an-I-bmWv. {_m-“-Wn-Iv ]p-cp-j ta[m-hn-Øw \n-e \n¬-°p-∂ A-Ø-c-sam-cp sXm-gn-en-S-Ønem-Wv Pn-tbm t_-_n F-∂ kw-hn-[m-b-I≥ H-cp kv-{Xo-]£ kn-\n-a kw-hn-[m-\w sNøp-∂-Xpw, H-cp Z-fn-Xv kv-{Xo N-e-®n-{X-Km-\ cw-K-Øv H-cp Zfn-Xv `m-j-bp-am-bn I-b-dn hcp-∂-Xpw. H-cp sXm-gn-en-Sw F∂ \n-e-°v a-e-bm-f kn-\n-a C≥-U-kv-{Sn H-cp Z-fn-Xv kv{Xo-bp-sS I-øn¬ Nm-b •mt m Nq-tem I-≠m¬ a-Xn-sb∂ Pm-Xo-b hm-in F-°m-ehpw ]p-e¿-Øn-bn-´p-≠v. a-e-bmf kn-\n-a tem-Iw H-cp Z-fn-Xv kv-{Xo-sb t]-\-sb-Sp-°m≥ Ct∂m-fw A-\p-hZ- n-®n-´p-t≠m F∂v tXm-∂p-∂n-√. A-Øc - w PmXo-b Im¿-°-iy-߃-°v hn≈-te-ev-]n-°p-hm≥ Z-fn-Xv {]m-

Xn-\n-[yw a-eb - m-f kn-\n-a temI-Øp D-≠m-tb Xo-cq. I-\n Ip-kr-Xn a-e-bm-f kn-\n-a-bnkw-h-c-Ww th-Ww F-∂ Bh-iyw D-∂-bn-®-Xv Cu A-hk-c-Øn¬ Hm¿-t°-≠ H-∂v Iq-Sn-bm-Wv. {]m-Xn-\n-[yw D-d∏n-®p sIm-≠v am-{X-ta P-\m[n-]-Xy C-S-am-bn G-sXm-cp sXm-gn-en-S-sØ-bpw ]-cn-jv-I-cn°m-\m-hp-I-bp-≈p. B A¿∞-Øn¬ Ir-Xy-am-b Z-fn-Xv cm{„o-bw kw-km-cn-°p-∂ ar-Zpe tZ-hn-sb t]m-ep-≈ H-cp Zfn-Xv kv-{Xo-bp-sS kn-\n-am-cw-KtØ-°p-≈ I-b-dn-s®-√¬ H-cp k-aq-l-Øn-s‚ {]-Xn-\n-[y-Øns‚ {]-Xo-£-bm-Wv. ]q-ap-J hm-Xn¬-°¬ kv-t\-lw hn-S¿Øp-∂ ]q-¥n-¶-fm-Ip-∂ `m-cybn¬ \n-∂pw, Xo-≠m-cn \m-fØv Np-Øn ]n-Sn-°m-sX Np-´mWn \q-dp tX-®p sh-‰n-e tNm∏m- ° p- ∂ , A- ¥ n a- b - ß ptºmƒ s]m-¥n ap-g° - p-∂ s]Æn-s\ Im-W-W-sa-¶n¬ ]m¿iz-h-ev-Ir-X k-aq-l-ß-fn¬ \n∂p-ap-≈ cm-{„o-b t_m-[y-ap≈ F-gp-Øp-Im-cpw kw-hn-[mb-I-cpw Iq-Sn-tb Xo-cq.

]m-fp-h `m-j F-∂ -Z-fn-Xv `m-j ]m-fp-h `m-j B-cp-sS `mj-bm-Wv? H-tc k-a-bw ]m-fph `m-j ]-d-b k-ap-Zm-b-Øn-

s‚-bpw Z-fn-Xv k-ap-Zm-b-Øns‚-bpw `m-j-bm-Wv. B-ap-JØn¬ kq-Nn-∏n-® Ko-Iyp `mj H-tc k-a-bw In-Iyp kap-Zm-b-Øn-s‚ X-\-Xp `m-j B-Ip-tºm-gpw A-Xv _-≠p `m-jm Ip-Spw-_-Øn-s‚ `m-Kam-Wv. k-_v k-lm-d≥ B{^n-°≥ `q-X-e {]-tZ-i-Øp Xm-a-kn-®p t]m-cp-∂ _-≠p F-∂ X-\X - v hw-iP - c - n-se Hmtcm hn-`m-K-߃-°pw X-\-Xp U-b-e-Iv-Sp-Iƒ D-≠v. G-ItZ-iw 400 ap-X¬ 500 Hm-fw `m-jm-ssh-hn-[y-߃. C-htbm-tcm-∂pw {]-kv-Xp-X tKm{X k-aq-l-Øn-s‚ `m-K-am-bncn-°p-tºm-gpw A-h _-≠p emw-tKz-Pv F-∂ h-en-b Xpd-hn-bn¬ H-∂v tN-cp-∂p. kzm`m-hn-I-am-b H-∂v tN-c¬ A√ A-Xv. a-dn-®p {]-Xn-tcm-[Øn-s‚ Iq-Sn-t®-c-em-Wv. kam-\-am-bn Z-fn-Xv k-ap-Zm-bØn-se an-° k-ap-Zm-b-߃°pw hy-Xy-kv-X `m-jm {]tbm-Kß - ƒ \n-eh - n-ep-≠v. AØ-cw `m-jm {]-tbm-K-ß-sf t{Im-Uo-I-cn-®p-sIm-≠p Z-fnXv `m-jm Ip-Spw-_-sØ cq]o-I-cn-°p-hm≥ {i-a-߃ \S-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. G-I-Xm-\-amb kw-kv-°m-c \n¿-Ωn-Xn-°v {i- a n- ° p- ∂ C- ° m- e - Ø p, kmw-kI v- m-cn-I ^m-kn-kØ - ns‚ C-°m-e-Øp \-S-Øm-hp∂ h-en-b kmw-kv-Im-cn-I {]Xn-tcm-[-am-WXv.

kn-\n-am ]m-´n-se kzm-K-Xm¿-l-am-b {]-Xn-k-‘n-Iƒ hn hn kzm-an

a-

e-bm-f kn-\n-am ]m-´n-s‚ N-cn-{Xw H-cp am-[y-a Pm-Xn-hy-hlm-ctI-{μ-sØ D-d-∏n-s®-Sp-°p-∂-Xn-s‚ N-cn-{Xw Iq-Sn-bm-Wv. h-b-em¿ ap-X-en-tßm-´p-≈ (_m-_p-cm-Pv, tZ-h-cm-P≥ Xp-S-ßnb-h-cp-sS kw-Ko-X kw-tbm-P-\-ß-fpw C-Xn¬ Dƒ-s]-Spw ) Cu ]m-´n-s‚ A-\p-`-hw kn-\n-a-bn¬ \n-∂pw th¿-s]-´ H-cp kw-KoX kw-kv-Im-c-Øn-s‚ A-[n-Im-c-sØ A-Xv k¿-Δk-Ω-X-am°n F-∂-Xm-Wv. kn-\n-a-bv-s°m-∏-hpw A-Xn-√m-sX-bpw A-Xv {]-h¿-Øn-®p. t{]w-\-ko¿ F-∂ A-[n-Im-c ÿm-]-\-sØ IqSm-sX-bpw A-Xn-\p \n-e-\n-ev-°m≥ I-gn-bp-am-bn-cp-∂p. A-Xv k-h¿-W s]m-Xp-t_m-[-Øn-s‚ a-s‰m-cp ]m-´p kw-kv-Im-c-sØ sIm-≠p-h-∂p. - C-Xn-s‚ G-‰-hpw {]-[m-\-s∏-´ a-dp-h-iw A-Xv Z-en-X-sc-bpw kv-{Xo-I-sf-bpw kn-\n-a-bn¬ \n-∂pw ]m-´n¬ \n∂pw H-gn-hm-°n F-∂-Xm-Wv. s]m-bv-I-bn¬ A-∏-®-s‚-bpw ktlm-Z-c≥ A-ø-∏-s‚-bpw {io-\m-cm-b-W Kp-cp-hn-s‚-bpw ]m-´p ]m-c-º-cy-߃-°p-ta¬ H-cp \n¿-∫-‘n-X \n-tcm-[-\w A-Xv sIm-≠p-h-∂p. N-ß-ºp-g I-hn-X-bn¬ sN-bv-X-Xv h-b-em¿ ]m´n¬ {]-_-e-s∏-Sp-Øn. C-Xn-\v am-‰w h-cp-∂-Xv Z-en-X-cpw kv{Xo-I-fpw kn-\n-a-bn¬ {]-th-in-°p-tºm-gm-Wv. {]n-b-\-μ≥, tUm._n-Pp, I-em-`-h≥ a-Wn, hn-\m-b-I≥ Xp-S-ßn-b-h-cpw Zen-X-cm-b km-t¶-Xn-I hn-Z-Kv-[-cpw kn-\n-a-bn¬ C-S-s]-Sp-∂-tXmSp Iq-Sn H-cp aq-ey-a-fi-ew am-dp-I-bm-Wp-≠m-b-Xv. c-≠m-bn-ctØm-Sp Iq-Sn Z-en-X¿-°pw kv-{Xo-Iƒ-°pw ta-ep-≠m-b hn-e°p-Iƒ A-h¿ X-s∂ A-gn-®p-I-f-™p. tI-c-f-Øn¬ i-‡am-bn D-b¿-∂p-h-∂ Z-en-Xv `m-hp-I-Xzw C-Xn-s‚ {]-[m-\ t{]-cW-I-fn¬ H-∂m-Wv. A-\n-hm-cy-am-b {]-Xn-k-‘n kn-\n-a-bnepw ]m-´n-epw D-≠m-bn. Z-en-Xv B-Iv-‰n-hn-Ãpw ]mT-t`-Zw F-Un‰-dp-am-b ar-Zp-em tZ-hn-bp-sS kn\n-am Km-\ c-N-\-bp-sS {]-k-IvXn Cu t]m-bn‚n-em-Wv Rm≥ t\m-°n Im-Wp-∂-Xv. ]m-s´-gpØn¬ B-Zy-am-bn H-cp Z-en-Xv kv-{Xo C-S-s]-Sp-∂-Xv A-{X efn-X-a-√. Im-c-Ww A-{Xam-{Xw {]-_-e-am-b k-h¿-W A-[n-Imc tI-{μw X-s∂-bm-Wv kn-\n-abpw A-Xn-s‚ ]m-´p-h-gn-I-fpw.

A¥¿[m-c

17

k-]vX hn-πh - ß - ƒ Po-hn-°m-≥ A-hƒ-°pw A-h-Im-i-ap-≠v... c-P-\n ]n.F≥.

"Z

t{K-‰v- C-¥y≥ In-®≥' I-≠p. ]q¿-Æ-am-bpw kv-{Xo ]-£-Øp \n-∂v sIm-≠v, A-tß-b-‰w ]-®-bm-bn, H-cp N-a-b-ß-fp-an-√m-sX, 'Ip-Spw-_ Po-hn-X-sØ' hy-‡X-tbm-sS h-c-®p Im-´n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. tI-c-f-Øn-se Hm-tcm kv-{Xo-sb-bpw... A-hƒ G-Xp \n-e-hm-c-Øn¬ Po-hn-°p∂-h-fm-bm-epw... C-sX-s‚ I-Y-bm-W-t√m F-∂v tXm-∂pw hn-[w F-hn-sS-sbm-s°-tbm kv-]¿-in-®p I-S-∂p t]m-Ip∂p-≠v Cu Nn-{Xw. H-cp-]-s£ C-Xv X-s∂ B-hmw Cu Nn-{X-Øn-s‚ hn-P-b-hpw. C-ß-s\ H-cp Nn-{X-sa-Sp-°m≥ ss[-cyw Im-Wn-® C-Xn-s‚ ]n-∂-Wn {]-h¿-Ø-I-sc A`n-\-μn-°m-sX h-ø. a-\- n¬ \n-∂p t]m-hm-Ø H-cp-]m-Sv cw-K-ß-fp-≠v. "{_-jv In-´n-bn-√-t√m tam-tf', "tam-tf.. F-s‚ Ip-∏m-bw sa-jo-\n¬ C-S-t√"...F-s∂-√mw ]-d-bp-∂ A-—-s\ \-Ω-fßp sh-dp-Øp t]m-Ip-∂p-≠v. A-{X a-t\m-l-c-am-bn At±-lw B A-—≥ tdmƒ sN-bv-Xn-cn-°p-∂p.

G-sd kq-£v-a-am-bm-Wv A-Sp-°-f-bn-se Hm-tcm tjm´pw F-Sp-Øn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. ]m-{Xw I-gp-Ip-∂ kn¶n¬ sh≈w \n-d-bp-tºmƒ, A-Xn-s‚ ss]-∏v eo-°m-hp-tºmƒ...

F-√mw kv-{Io-\n¬ \-Ωƒ \-Ω-sf X-s∂-bm-Wv Im-Wp∂Xv. `-£-Ww D-≠m-°n sIm-Sp-Øpw, ho-Sv hr-Øn-bm-°n h-®pw, ho-´n-se ]p-cp-j tI-k-cn-I-sf "B-\-μn-∏n-®pw" Xo¿-t°-≠-Xm-Wv s]¨-Ip-´n-I-fp-sS Po-hn-Xw. ]-e-t∏mgpw A-h-fpw H-cp a-\p-jy-Pohnb-t√ F-∂-Xv Hm¿-°m-Xmbn t]m-hp-∂p-. C-hn-sS F-®n¬ ]m-{X-߃ I-gp-In Xo-cpI-bm-Wv A-h-fp-sS Po-hn-Xw. H-cp s]¨-Ip-´n-sb h-f¿-Øp-∂-Xv, A-h-sf B¿-s°¶n-epw I-eym-Ww I-gn-®p sIm-Sp-°m-\m-bn am-{X-am-Wv Fs∂m-cp Nn-¥-bm-Wv `q-cn-]-£w c-£n-Xm-°ƒ-°pw D-≈Xv. A-hƒ-°pw kz-]v-\-߃ D-≠v. C-„-ß-fp-≠v. kz-¥am-b \n-e-]m-Sp-Iƒ D-≠v. A-`n-{]m-b-ß-fp-≠v. C-Xn-se√m-ap-]-cn A-hƒ-°n-„-ap-≈ co-Xn-bn¬ Po-hn-°m-\p-≈ Ah-Im-i-ap-≠v.

Cu kn-\n-a bm-Ym¿-Yy-am-°n-b kw-hn-[m-b-I≥ Pntbm t_-_n-°pw Iq-´p-Im¿-°pw A-`n-\-μ-\-߃. Cu kn\n-a lr-Z-b-tØm-Sv tN¿-Øv sh-°p-∂p.

18

A¥¿[m-c

tkmj - y-en-Ãp hn-πh - Ø - n-s‚ C-¥y≥ h-gn bq-tdm-∏n-t‚-tbm a-t‰-sX-¶n-epw P-\-k-aq-l-Ønt‚-tXm B-hm≥ I-gn-bn-√. C¥y-bp-sS km-aq-ly k-hn-tij-X-I-sf Im-Wm-sX hn-π-hØn-te-°p \-bn-°m≥ {i-an-°p∂-Xv A-\o-Xn-bpw A-k-a-Xzhpw kw-L¿-j-hpw Zo¿-L-\mfp-Iƒ Xp-S-cm-\n-S-bm-°pw. ka-Xz-Øn-\m-bp-≈ A-t\z-j-WØn¬ C-¥y≥ P-\-X A-\n-hmcy-am-bpw I-S-∂p t]m-tI-≠ Ggp hn-π-h-ß-sf tem-ly A-°an-´v A-h-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂p.1 ) enw-K k-a-Xz-Øn-\p th≠n-bp-≈ hn-π-hw.

2) sXm-en-bp-sS \n-d-Øn-s‚ A-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn-ep-≈ cm-{„o-bØn-\pw, km-º-Øn-I-hpw am-\kn-I-hp-am-bp-≈ A-k-a-Xz-Øns\-Xn-sc-bp-≈ hn-π-hw.

3) Pm-Xn hy-h-ÿ-sb \n¿aq-e-\w sN-øp-∂-Xn-\pw ]m¿-izh-Xv-Ir-X¿-°pw A-Sn-®-a¿-Øs∏-´-h¿-°pw {]-tXy-I ap≥-KW-\m ]-c-am-b A-h-k-c-sam-cp°p-∂-Xn-\p th-≠n-bp-≈ hn-πhw.

4) km-{am-Py-Xz-Øn-s\-Xn-tcbpw kzm-X-{¥y-Øn-\pw tem-Ik-am-[m-\Ø - n-\pw th-≠n-bp-≈ hn-π-hw.

5) km-º-Øn-I k-a-Xz-Øn\pw D-Zv] - m-ZI - i-‡n-If - p-sS kzIm-cy-h-Xv-I-c-W-Øn-s\-Xn-scbpw D-≈ hn-π-hw.

6) P-\m-[n-]-Xy-Øn-\p th≠n-bpw hy-‡n-I-fp-sS kz-Imcy-X kw-c-£n-°p-∂-Xn-\v th≠n-bp-ap-≈ hn-π-hw.

7) B-bp-[-߃-°pw bp-≤Øn-\pw F-Xn-tc-bpw kn-hn\n-b-a-ew-L-\-Øn-\pw th-≠nbp-≈ hn-π-hw.

temly: am¿Ivkns‚bpw Km‘nbpsSbpw ]cnanXnIsf adnIS∂ Zm¿i\nI≥ tUm.-F.-c-Lp-Ip-am¿ (ssl-Z-cm-_m-Zv) hn-h¿-Ø-\w: tUm.-sI. -{io-Ip-am¿

1961 \-hw-_¿ A-h-km-\w

dn-t∏m¿-´¿: Xm-¶ƒ Ae-Iv-km-≠¿ N-{I-h¿Øn-bp-sS \m-´n-te°m-Wv t]m-Ip-∂X - v? tem-ly: A-√. Rm≥ tkm-{I-´o-kn-s‚ \m-´nte-°m-Wv. H-cp tZ-iØn-s‚ N-cn-{Xw ]-Stbm-´-ß-fp-sS t]-cn-e√ F-gp-tX-≠-Xv.

15 Zn-h-k-sØ hn-tZ-i k-μ¿i-\-Øn-\v tem-ly ]p-d-s∏-´p.

Xp¿-°n-bn-se A-Xn-]p-cm-X-\ \-K-c-am-b ss_-km‚n-bw, {Kokn- s ‚ X- e - ÿ m- \ - a m- b GX≥-kv, C-‰-en-bp-sS X-e-ÿm\-am-b tdmw, Cu-Pn-]v-Xn-s‚ Xe-ÿm-\ \-K-c-am-b sI-bv-sdm F-∂n-hn-S-ß-fn-se-√mw A-t±lw t]m-bn. G-X≥-kn¬ kwL-Sn-∏n-°-s∏-´ tem-I-k-am-[m\ -k-tΩ-f-\-Øn-se £-Wn°-s∏-´ A-Xn-Yn-bm-bn-cp-∂p At±-lw. k-tΩ-f-\-Øn¬ ]-s¶Sp-°p-∂-Xn-\m-bn bm-{X Xn-cn°p-tºmƒ H-cp ]-{X-{]-h¿-ØI≥ A-t±-l-Øn-t\m-Sv tNm-Zn®p, ""A-t∏mƒ Xm-¶ƒ A-eIv-km-≠¿ N-{I-h¿-Øn-bp-sS \m-´n-te-°v t]m-hp-I B-Wv A-t√?'' tem-ly a-dp-]-Sn ]-d™p, ""A-√, Rm≥ tkm-{I´o-kn-s‚ \m-´n-te-°m-Wv t]mhp-∂-Xv.'' H-cp tZ-i-Øn-s‚ Ncn-{Xw A-hn-Sp-sØ ]-S-bm-fn-Ifp-tS-bpw ]-S-tbm-´-ß-fp-tS-bpw t]-cn-e-√ tc-J-s∏-Sp-tØ-≠-Xv. a-dn-®v, B \m-´n-se a-lm-∑mcm-b Nn-¥-I-cp-sS t]-cn-em-Wv. C-Xm-bn-cp-∂p N-cn-{X-\n¿-Ωn-Xnsb kw-_-‘n-®p-≈ tem-lybp-sS Im-gv-N-∏m-Sv. tkm-jy-en-k-Øn-s‚ C¥y≥ am-Xr-I cq-]-s∏-Sp-Øp∂-Xn¬ tem-ly \¬-In-b hy-

Xn-cn-‡-hpw X-\-Xp-am-b kw`m-h-\-I-fp-sS A-Sn-Ø-d, "kmº-Øn-I im-kv-{Xw am¿-Iv-kn\p ti-jw', "N-cn-{X-Øn-s‚ N{Iw', "Pm-Xn hy-h-ÿ' F-∂o aq-∂v Ir-Xn-I-fm-Wv. tem-lybp-sS _u-≤n-I kw-`m-h-\-Ifn¬ G-‰-hpw {]-[m-\-s∏-´-Xv 1939˛42 Im-e-L-´-Øn¬ Xn-ct°-dn-b cm-jv-{So-b {]-h¿-Ø\-߃-°n-S-bn¬ A-t±-lw cNn-® "am¿-Iv-kv, Km-‘n, tkmjy-en-k-'am-Wv. tem-ly-bp-sS B-Zy-sØ {]-[m-\-s∏-´ _u≤n-I c-N-\-bpw A-Xm-Wv. am¿Iv-kn-s‚ aq-ey-kn-≤m-¥-Øn\pw A-Xn-eq-sS an-®-aq-ey kn≤m-¥-Øn-\pw hy-Xy-kv-X-am-b hym-Jym-\-hpw B-hn-jv-°-c-Whpw \¬-Ip-∂-Xn-\p-≈ {i-a-amWv A-Xn-eq-sS tem-ly \-SØn-b-Xv. sXm-gn¬ ˛ k-a-b Nqj-W-Øn-eq-sS, sXm-gn-em-fn-bpsS A- ≤ zm- \ - s Ø Nq- j - W w sN-bv-Xv sXm-gn-ep-S-a t\-Sp-∂ em-`-Øn-eq-sS-bm-Wv aq-e-[-\w kr-jv-Sn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv F-∂mWv am¿-Iv-kn-s\ hm-bn-°p-∂h-sc-√mw ]-d™ p-hb - v° - p-∂X - v.

A-ß-s\ kr-jv-Sn-°-s∏-Sp-∂ aq-e-[-\w kz-cq-]n-®m-Wv ap-Xem-fn-Øw h-fc - p-∂X - v F-∂m-Wv am¿-Iv-kn-Ãv `m-jyw. am¿-Iv-kv hn-`m-h\ - w sN-bvX - an-®a - q-ey-kn≤m-¥Ø - n-s‚ s]m-≈Ø - c - h - pw ]-cn-an-Xn-If - pw Nq-≠n-°m-Wn-®p-

A¥¿[m-c

19

Xp-S¿-®b - m-b km-ºØ - n-I am-μy-hpw km-aq-ln-I kwL¿- j - ß - f p- a p- ≠ m- s b¶n¬ am-{X-ta P-\-ß-sf hn-πh - k-∂≤ - c- m-°m≥ Ign-bq F-∂v am¿-Iv-kn-ÃpIƒ hn-iz-kn-®n-cp-∂p.

sIm-≠v, A-Xn-s‚ km¿-Δ euIn-I {]-tbm-K-£-a-X-sb, {]tXy-In-®v, tIm-f-\n cm-Py-ß-fnse {]-tbm-K£-a-X-sb, tNmZyw sN-øp-I-bm-Wv tem-ly sN-bv-X-Xv.

tem-ly-bpw ssh-cp-≤ym-flI `u-Xn-I-hm-Z-hpw H-cp {]-[m-\-s∏-´ ]-cn-Iev-]-\ C-Xm-Wv. 1929˛32 Im-eØv, P¿- Ω - \ n- b n- s e lpwt_mƒ-´v k¿-Δ-I-em-im-e-bnkm-º-Øn-I im-kv-{X-Øn¬ Kth-jW - w \-SØ - n, tUm-IvS- d - _n-cp-Zw t\-Sn-b B-fm-bn-cp-∂p tem-ly. X-Xz-Nn-¥ km-º-ØnI im-kv-{X-hp-am-bn A-t`-Zy-ambn sI-´p ]n-W-™n-cp-∂ H-cp Im-eL - ´- a - m-bn-cp-∂p A-Xv. tem-

20

A¥¿[m-c

I-Øn-se X-Xz-Nn-¥-bp-sS Cu‰n-√-am-bn-cp-∂p P¿-Ω-\n A-∂v. ]-e hn-[ X-Xz-Nn-¥-I-fp-tS-bpw t\-Xr-ÿm-\w P¿-Ω-\n-°m-bncp- ∂ p. C- Ω m- \ p- h ¬ Im‚ v , sl-K¬, am¿-Iv-kv, \o-‰v-tj, tjm-∏≥ tlm-h¿..... A-ß-s\ F-{X F-{X a-lm-c-Y≥-am¿. bq-tdm-]y≥ X-Xz-Nn-¥-bp-sS \t`m-aW - vU - e - Ø - n¬ Xn-fß - n \n∂-X-{X-bpw P¿-Ω-\n-bn-se Xmc-I-ß-fm-bn-cp-∂p. bq-tdm-∏nB-sI-bpw, {]-tXy-In-®v P¿-Ω\n-bn¬, N-cn-{Xw, X-Xz-Nn-¥, km-º-Øn-I-im-kv-{Xw Xp-S-ßn km-aq-ly-im-kv-{X-Øn-s‚ F√m ta-J-e-bn-te-bpw hn-i-I-e\-co-Xn-im-kv-{Xw ssh-cp-≤ymfl- I - X - b n¬ A- [ n- j v T n- X - a m°p-∂-Xn-\v sl-K-en-\v I-gn™n- c p- ∂ p. A- X y- ¥ w kwL¿-j-`-cn-X-am-b H-cp Im-eØm-Wv tem-ly P¿-Ω-\n-bnI-gn-™-Xv F-∂v a-\- n-em-°p∂ G-sXm-cm-fpw I-cp-Xp-I, sl-K-en-s‚ ssh-cp-≤ym-fl-IX-sb ^-e-{]-Z-am-bn D-]-tbmKn-°p-∂-Xn-\v A-t±-lw {i-an°p-am-bn-cp-∂p F-∂m-Wv. F∂m¬ B-›-cy-sa-∂p ]-d-bs´, N-cn-{X-tØ-bpw km-º-ØnI im-kv-{X-tØ-bpw kw-_‘n-®v tem-ly-bp-sS k-º-∂am-b {]-Xn-]m-Zy-ß-fn¬ h-f-sc hn-c-f-am-bn am-{X-ta, "ssh-cp≤ym-fl-I-X' F-∂ ]-Zw I-S∂p h-∂n-´p-≈q.

N-cn-{X-]-T-\-Øn-\v sshcp-≤ym-fl-I hn-i-I-e-\-co-Xn am-{X-ta im-kv-{Xo-b-am-bn-´p≈q F-∂ s]m-Xp-hm-b t_m[-am-Wv A-°m-e-Øv bq-tdm-∏nse X-Xz-Nn-¥-I¿-°v D-≠m-bncp-∂-Xv. H-cp-h-i-Øv B-Z¿-iw, tN-X-\ A-s√-¶n¬ bp-‡n; adp-h-i-Øv `u-Xn-I-Xzw. C-Xnte-Xm-Wv i-cn, im-kv-{Xo-bw A-s√-¶n¬ bp-‡n-`-{Zw F-∂ X¿-°w am-{X-am-bn-cp-∂p sshcp- ≤ ym- fl - I - X - b p- s S {]- t bm‡m-°ƒ X-Ωn¬ D-≠m-bn-cp-

∂-Xv. C-Xn¬ G-Xv kzo-I-cn°p-∂p F-∂X - \ - p-kc - n-®m-Wv Hcmƒ sl-K-en-s‚ ]-£-tØm, A- s Xm am¿- I v - k n- s ‚ ]- £ tØm F-∂v Xo-cp-am-\n-°-s∏Sp-I. B Im-e-Øpw, ]-Sn-™mdp-\n-∂v, c-≠v F-Xn¿-i-_v-Z߃ {]-I-S-am-bn D-b¿-∂p tI´n-cp-∂p, Hm-kv-hmƒ-Uv kv-s]w•-dp-tS-Xpw B¿-tWmƒ-Uv tSmbn≥-_n-bp-tS-Xpw. A-h¿ c-≠pt]-cpw hy-Xy-kv-X-am-b N-cn-{Xhm-b-\ \n¿-t±-in-®-h-cm-Wv, Hcp hn- [ - Ø n- e p- ≈ Nm- { In- I _nw-_-߃. kv-s]w-•¿, Xs‚ ]-Sn-™m-dn-s‚ A-[x-]-X\w F-∂ {K-Ÿ-Øn¬, Po-hPm- e - ß ƒ- ° p- ≈ - X p- t ]m- s e, kw-kv-Im-c-߃-°pw \m-K-cn-IX-Iƒ-°pw Po-h-Nw-{I-a-Ww Ds≠-∂v ÿm-]n-°p-I-bp-≠mbn. H-cp B-bn-cw h¿-j-ß-fpsS Im-e-]-cn-[n-°p-≈n¬ \m-Kcn-I-X-Iƒ D-S-se-Sp-°p-I-bpw h-f-cp-I-bpw hn-I-kn-°p-I-bpw H-Sp-hn¬ \-in-°p-I-bpw sNøpw. \m-K-cn-I-X-Iƒ A-h-bpsS _m-ey, Iu-am-c, bu-Δ-\, a-≤y-L-´-Øn-eq-sS h-tbm-[n-I A-h-ÿ-bn¬ F-Øn-t®¿-∂v \-in-°p-∂-Xm-bn-´m-Wv kv-s]w•¿ \n-co-£n-®-Xv. tSm-bn≥-_n, X-s‚ "N-cn-{X-]-T-\w' F-∂ {KŸ-Øn¬, \m-K-cn-I-X-I-fp-sS D-¤-h-hpw h-f¿-®-bpw X-f¿-®bp-am-Wv tc-J-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-Xv. {]-Xn-`m-im-en-I-fm-b t\-Xm-°fp-sS I-cp-Øn¬ \m-K-cn-I-XIƒ hn-I-kn-°p-I-bpw Zp¿-_e-cp-sS i-‡n £-b-Øn¬ Ah \-in-°p-I-bpw sN-øpw. kvs]-Kv-f-dpw tSm-bn≥-_n-bpw Ncn-{X-sØ Nm-{In-I {]-Xn-`m-kam-bn-´m-Wv ho-£n-®-Xv. Nm-{InI-X-bpw ssh-cp-≤ym-fl-I-Xbpw H-Øp tN¿-∂v t]m-In-√. ssh-cp-≤ym-fl-I N-cn-{X-ho-£Ww t\¿-tc-Jm-{]-Xn-`m-ka - m-bn´m-Wv N-cn-{X-sØ I-W-°m°p- ∂ - X v . am¿- I v - k n- t ‚- b pw

sl-K-en-t‚-bpw N-cn-{X-ho-£W-߃ C-Ø-c-Øn¬ t\¿-tcJ-bn-ep-≈-Xm-bn-cp-∂p. ]-Sn™m-d≥ X-Xz-Nn-¥-I¿ \n¿-t±in-® t\¿-tc-J-bn-ep-≈-tXm Nm-{In-I-tam B-b N-cn-{X-ho£-W-߃-°v, Im-e-sØ-°pdn-®pw N-cn-{X-sØ-°p-dn-®p-ap≈ {Ko-°v ho-£-W-ß-fp-am-bn _-‘-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Cu c≠p-ho-£-W-ß-fpw ]-c-kv-]-c hn-cp-≤-am-sW-¶n-epw A-h Ncn-{X-kw-`h - ß - f - p-sS ]q¿-Δ \n¿Æo-X-kz-`m-hw Aw-Ko-I-cn-°p∂p. A-h N-cn-{X-\n-b-a-ß-sf A-N-©-e-ß-sf-∂v A-\p-am-\n°p∂p.

N-cn-{X-\n-b-a-ß-fp-sS AN-©-e-Xz-hpw Nm-{In-I-X-bpw C-¥y-bn-te-bpw G-jy-bn-tebpw Nn-¥-I¿-°v A-]-cn-Nn-Xam-bn-cp-∂n-√. Im-eN - {- Iw F-∂ B-i-bw ln-μp, ssP-\, _p≤-a-X Nn-¥-I-fn¬ {]m-Zp¿-`mh-am-bn D-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. ]-s£, A-hn-sS-bpw \n-b-a-ß-fp-sS AN-©-e-Xzw {]-I-S-am-bn-cp-∂p.

Im-e-N-{I-hpw bp-K-ß-fpw AXn-{]m-No-\ Im-e-sØ k-ºq¿Æ \-∑-bn¬ \n-∂v {I-ta-Wbp-≈ A-[x-]-X-\-Øn-eq-sS C∂-sØ A-]-N-b-Øn-se-°p≈ {]-bm-W-am-bn-´m-Wv N-cn-{XsØ hn-e-bn-cp-Øp-∂-Xv. F∂m¬ In-g-°n-s‚ Cu X-XzNn-¥-bpw hn-[n-bn¬ hn-iz-kn°p-∂-Xpw Nn-Ø-kzm-X-{¥ysØ \n-tj-[n-°p-∂X - p-am-bn-cp∂p. bp-K-[¿-Ω-sØ A-\p-kcn-°p-I-bpw I¿-Ω-^-e-Øn-\pth-≠n Im-Øn-cn-°p-I-bpw, As√-¶n¬ hn-[n-bp-sS hn-f-bm-´Øn-\v kz-bw k-a¿-∏n-°p-I-bpa-√m-sX a-\p-jy-{]-⁄-°v kz¥-am-bn H-∂pw sN-øm≥ I-gnbp-am-bn-cp-∂n-√.

A-{I-am-k-‡-am-b hn-πh- Ø n- \ p- t i- j w `- c - W - I q- S w sIm-gn-™p t]m-Ip-sa-∂p-≈ sF-Xn-lm-kn-I-am-b \n-co-£Ww am¿-Iv-kv \-S-Øn-sb-¶n-

epw A-hn-tS-bpw F-√mw ap≥Iq-´n \n-›-bn-°-s∏-´-Xm-bn-cp∂p. A-hn-sS F-√m-hn-[ sshcp-≤y-ß-fpw C-√m-Xm-bn I-ΩyqWn-Ãv cm-jv-{Sw \n¿-Ωn-°-s∏Sp-sa-∂m-Wv am¿-Iv-kv B-{K-ln®-Xv. ssh-cp-≤ym-fl-I {]-{Inb-bp-sS A-N-©-e-Xz-sØ am¿Iv-kv a-dn-I-S-∂n-√. F-√m kmaq-ln-I hn-π-h-Im-cn-I-fn-epw aX-\n-tj-[- kz-`m-hw Z¿-in-°p∂-Xn-\v B¬-_¿-´v Im-ap Xøm-dm-b-t∏mƒ, ]q¿-Δ \n¿-ÆoX-Xz-sa-∂ N-∏p-Iq-\-bn¬ \n∂v am¿-Ik v- n-s\ c-£n-°p-Ib - mbn-cp-∂p. F-∂n-cp-∂m-epw kw`-h-ß-fp-sS A-\n-hm-cy-X F√mw am¿-Iv-kn-b≥ ]-cn-I-ev-]\-If - n-epw \n-ge - n-®v \n¬-∏p-≠v.

Xp-S¿-®-bm-bp-≠m-Ip-∂ km-ºØn-I am-μy-hpw km-aq-ln-I kw- L ¿- j - ß - f p- a p- ≠ m- s b¶n¬ am-{X-ta, P-\-ß-sf hnπ-h {]-h¿-Ø-\-߃-°v AWn-\n-c-Øm≥ I-gn-bp-I-bp-≈q F-∂m-Wv am¿-Ivk - n-Ãv ]-WvU - nX¿ I-cp-Xp-∂-Xv. C-Xn¬ \n-s∂-√mw hyXy-kv-X-am-bn, N-cn-{X-]-T-\-Øn\v N-{I-sØ D-]-tbm-Kn-°p-Ibm-Wv tem-ly sN-bv-X-Xv. ]c-º-cm-K-X ln-μp, _p-≤ -]m-cº-cyw Dƒ-s°m-≈p-∂-Xm-Wv tem-ly kzo-Ic - n-® Nm-{In-Ih - o£- W w F- ∂ v tXm- ∂ n- t b°mw. F-∂m¬ A-Xv ]-c-º-cmK-X ]-Sn-™m-d≥ tc-Jo-b-tam Nm-{In-I-tam B-b ho-£-WØn¬ \n-∂pw hy-Xy-kvX - a - m-bncp-∂p. N-{Iw I-d-ßp-∂-Xn-\-\pk-cn-®p-≈ ap≥-t]m-´p-≈ {]bm-Ww N-cn-{X-Øn¬ D-≠m-Ip∂p. Xp-S-ßn-tb-S-Øv Xn-cn-s®Øp-∂n-√. Im-ew ap-t∂-dn-s°m≠n-cn-°p-∂p. ÿ-e-hpw Im-ehpw ]-c-kv-]-c _-‘n-X-am-bn ap- t ∂- d p- I - b m- W v . `q- X - I m- e Øn-te-°p-≈ Xn-cn-®p t]m-°n√. tem-ly-bp-sS te-J-\-ßfn¬ tc-Jo-b-hpw Nm-{In-I-hpam-b N-cn-{X-ho-£-W-tØm-Sp-

A-N© - e- a- m-b N-cn-{X-\n-ba-ß-sf a-\p-jy-s‚ C-—mi-‡n-sIm-≠v A-Xn-Po-hn°p-∂X - n-s‚ kq-N\ - b - m-Wv N-cn-{X-Øn-s‚ N-{Iw F-∂ {K- Ÿ - Ø n- e q- s S tem- l y \¬-Ip-∂X - v.

≈ hn- a ¿- i - \ w \- a p- ° v ImWm≥ I-gn-bpw. ]-Sn-™m-d≥ hn-i-I-e-\-co-Xn-bn-ep-≈ tc-Job-hpw Nm-{In-I-hp-am-b N-cn-{X\n¿-Ωn-Xn, H-∂p-t]m-se sshcp-≤ym-fl-I-hpw a-X-\n-tj-[-]c-hpw, hn-[n-bn-e-[n-jvTn-X-hpw, ]q¿-Δ \n¿-Æo-X-hp-am-Wv. "Ncn- { X- Ø n- s ‚ N- { I- Ø n¬' (Wheel of History) tem-ly Xs‚ kn-≤m-¥w D-]k - w-lc - n-°p∂-Xv N-{I-sØ X-s∂ s]m-´n®p I-f-bp-∂ H-cp Ip-dn-t∏m-SpIq-Sn-bm-Wv. A-N-©-e-am-b Ncn-{X-\n-b-a-ß-sf a-\p-jy-s‚ C-—m-i‡ - n-sIm-≠v A-Xn-Po-hn°p- ∂ - X n- s ‚ kq- N - \ - b m- W v tem-ly \¬-Ip-∂-Xv. N-cn-{XØn-s‚ N-{Iw A-Xn-s‚ {`-aWw A-h-km-\n-°p-∂-Xn-s\

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kw-_-‘n-®v ap≥-Iq-´n ]-d-bp∂n-√. \n-_-‘-\-I-fp-tS-Xm-b a-t\m-⁄-am-b B-i-b-hr-μ߃ A-hn-sS Im-Wm≥ I-gnbpw. ]-c-am-h-[n Im-cy-£-a-Xbp-sS-tbm A-sXm k-ºq¿-Æ Im-cy-£-a-X-bp-tS-tbm B-b H-cp ÿn-Xn hn-ti-jØ - n-te-°v \-S-∂-Sp-°pw. a-\p-jy-s‚ ap≥]n¬ sX-c-s™-Sp-°p-∂-Xn-\v c-≠v A-h-ÿ-I-fm-Wp-≈-Xv. H∂p-In¬ Ip-d-®p t]¿-°v ]-cam-h-[n Im-cy-£-a-X ssI-h-cn°mw. A-s√-¶n¬ F-√m-h¿°pw s]m-Xp-hm-b k-ºq¿-Æ Im-cy-£-a-X t\-Smw. N-cn-{X\n¿- Ω n- X n- ° p th- ≠ n a- \ pjy≥ N-{I-sØ X-I¿-°p-tam? tem-ly hn-`m-h-\w sN-øp-∂ ]p-Ø≥ \m-K-cn-I-X A-Xn-s‚ kq- N - \ - I ƒ \¬- I n- b n- ´ p- ≠ v .

sS N-cn-{Xw, h¿-§ k-a-c-Øns‚ N-cn-{X-am-Wv.'' tem-ly AXn-s\ C-ß-s\ t`-Z-K-Xn sNøp-∂p. ""C-Xp-h-sc-bp-≈ a-\pjy-N-cn-{Xw, Pm-Xn-bpw h¿-§hpw X-Ωn-ep-≈ B-¥-cn-I Btμm-f\ - h - pw k-º¬-ka - r-≤n-bptS-bpw A-[n-Im-cØ - n-t‚-bpw Hcp {]-tZ-i-Øp-\n-∂pw a-s‰m-cp {]-tZ-i-tØ-°p-≈ _m-ly-amb Nm-©m-´-hp-am-Wv. ""am¿-Ivkn-s‚ \n-K-a-\-ß-sf F-√m Im-cy-Øn-ep-ap-≈ B-Xy-¥n-I - k - X y- a m- b n ]- c n- K - W n- ° p- ∂ am¿-Iv-kn-s‚ A-\p-bm-bn-I-fpsS k-ao-]-\w A-bYm¿-∞-amWv. G-Xp-hn-[-ap-≈ ]p-\¿ hmb-\-bpw \o-N-`m-j-W-am-bn ap{Z-Ip-Ø-s∏-Sp-∂p. A-ß-s\ sN-øp-∂h - ¿ Xn-cp-ج-hm-Zn-Isf-∂ \n-e-bn¬ A-]-l-kn-°-

C-Xp-h-sc-bp-≈ a-\p-jy-N-cn-{Xw Pm-Xnbpw h¿-§-hpw X-Ωn-ep-≈ B-¥-cn-I B-tμm-f-\-hpw k-º¬-k-ar-≤n-bp-sSbpw A-[n-Im-cØ - n-s‚-bpw H-cp {]-tZ-iØp-\n-∂pw a-s‰m-cp {]-tZ-it- Ø-°p-≈ _m-ly-am-b Nm-©m-´h - p-am-Wv. Cu ]p-Xn-b \m-K-cn-I-X a-\pjy-h¿-§-Øn-s‚ ÿq-e -K-W\w km-≤y-am-°p-∂p-≠v. temI-Øn-s‚ F-√m `m-K-Øpw Htc tXm-Xn-ep-≈ D¬-∏m-Z-\w km-≤y-am-°p-∂-Xn-eq-sS a-\pjy≥, Pm-Xn, h¿-§, {]m-tZ-inI hy-Xn-bm-\-ß-sf A-Xn-Pohn-°pw.

H-Sp-hn¬ \mw H-cp Im-cyw Xn-cn-®-dn-bp-∂p-≠v. N-cn-{X-Øns‚ N-{Iw N-cn-{X-\n¿-Ωn-Xn-°p≈ N- { I- a m- b n, a- \ p- j y- s ‚ ssI-øn-se H-cp D-]I - c - W - a - m-bn ]-cn-W-an-°p-∂-Xv \mw Im-Wp∂p. I- Ω yq- W n- Ã v am- \ n- s ^tÃm-bp-sS B-Zy `m-K-ß-fnC- ß - s \ tc- J - s ∏- S p- Ø p- ∂ p. ""C-X-]-c-y-¥-ap-≈ k-aq-l-ß-fp-

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s∏-Sp-∂p. N-cn-{X-Øn¬ ]-et∏m-gpw ]-e B-i-b-ß-fpw ]p\¿ \n¿-Δ-Nn-°-s∏-tS-≠-Xm-bn h- c pw. sF- X n- l m- k n- I - s a- ∂ v tXm-∂m-hp-∂ Hm-tcm A-\p-am\-hpw ]-co-£-W- hn-t[-b-amt°-≠n-bpw h-cmw. hy-h-km-b hn-π-h-Øn-s‚ kw- ` m- h y- X - s b kw- _ - ‘ n- ® v Ir-Xy-am-b [m-c-W tem-ly-°p≠m-bn-cp-∂p. ]-Sn-™m-d≥ bqtdm-∏n¬ D-≠m-b-Xp-t]m-se, G-jy≥, B-{^n-°≥, em-‰n-\ta-cn-°≥ cm-Py-ß-fn¬ hy-hkm-b hn-π-hw kw-`-hn-°p-Ibn-√ F-∂pw tem-ly a-\- nem-°n-bn-cp-∂p. ]-e I-gn-™Im-e tIm-f-\n-I-fn-epw A-Xv kw-`-hn-°n-√. Cu H-cp hn-j-

b-Øn¬ ssh-cp-≤ym-fl-I-Xsb-∂ ]-Sn-™m-d≥ ho-£-WØn-s‚ A-Sn-ÿm-\ tNm-Z-\sb X-s∂ kw-i-b-tØm-Sp IqSn-bm-Wv tem-ly ho-£n-®-Xv. "t^m-b¿-_m-ln-se kn≤m-¥-߃' (1845˛ ¬ c-Nn-°s∏-´-Xv) F-∂-Xn-se ]-Xn-s\m∂m-a-tØ-Xpw A-h-km-\-tØXp-am-b ]-cn-I-ev-]-\-bn¬ am¿Ivk - v C-ßs - \ kq-Nn-∏n-°p-∂p. ""X-Xz-Nn-¥-I¿ ]-e-hn-[-Øntem-Is - Ø hn-iI - e - \ - w sN-øpI am-{X-ta sN-bv-Xn-´p-≈q; AXn-s\ F-ß-s\ ]-cn-h¿-Ø-\w sN-ø-Ww F-∂-Xm-Wv Im-Xem-b {]-iv-\w.'' C-Xn¬ A-]I-S-I-c-am-b H-cp kq-N-\ \n-e\n¬-°p-∂p-≠v. X-Xz-Nn-¥-bpsS Im-cy-Øn¬ C-\n-ta¬ IqSp-X-em-bn H-∂pw sN-øm-\n-√.

A-Ø-cw {i-a-߃ A-\m-h-iyam-b B-Uw-_-c-am-Wv. C-\n th-≠-Xv ]-cn-h¿-Ø-\-Øn-\p≈ {]-hr-Øn-I-fm-Wv. H-cp-thf, Km-‘n-bpw tem-ly-bpw Dƒ-s∏-sS C-cp-]-Xmw \q-‰m-≠nse F-√m Nn-¥-I-cpw I-cp-Xnbn-´p-≠m-Ipw, X-Xz-Nn-¥-bp-sS hn-Im-k-Øn-\p-th-≠n-bp-≈ ]cn-{i-aw hr-Ym- hym-bm-a-am-sW∂v. G-sXm-cp A-aq¿-Ø Bi-b-hpw b-Ym¿-∞ A-h-ÿbn¬ ]-co-£n-°-s∏-tS-≠-Xp≠v. N-cn-{X-Øn-s‚ {]-bm-WØn¬ A-¥n-a- h-N-\-am-bn AXn-s\ Im-tW-≠-Xn-√. tem-I-sØ kw-_-‘n-® hn-i-I-e-\-߃ A-h-km-\n-®psh-∂p-≈ 1845˛-se am¿-Iv-kns‚ \n-co-£-Ww \mw kzo-Icn-t°-≠X - p-t≠m? G-jym, B{^n-°, e-Øo-\-ta-cn-° F-∂nhn-S-ß-fn-se hn-im-e-am-b `q-{]tZ-i-ß-fp-sS N-cn-{X-tam, A-hnS-ß-fn-se kw-kv-Im-c-tam, Ah-cp-sS aq-ey-kw-ln-X-I-tfm A-h-cp-sS t]m-cm-´-ß-tfm H∂pw X-s∂ ]T-\-hn-t[-b-am-bn´n-√. ]p-Ø≥ A-t\z-j-W-ßfn-eq-sS A-h-sb ]p-\-cm-hn-jv-

°-cn-°p-∂X - n-\v D¬-]X - n-jW v- p°ƒ X-øm-dm-Ip-∂p-≠v. am¿-Ivkv Dƒ-s∏-sS-bp-≈ ]-Sn-™md≥ Nn-¥-I¿ a-\- n-em-°n-bXn¬ \n-∂pw hy-Xy-kv-X-am-bmWv C-¥y-sb hn-e-bn-cp-Øp-∂Xn-\v tem-ly {i-an-®-Xv. C-¥ybn- s e {_n- ´ o- j v `- c - W - s Ø kw-_-‘n-® \n-co-£-Ww hkv-Xp-Xm-]-c-a-s√-∂v tem-ly hn-a¿-in-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. am¿-Ivkv ]-d-™-Xv C-Xm-Wv. ""C-¥ybn-se {_n-´o-jv B-[n-]-XyØn-\v c-≠v I-S-a-I-fm-Wp-≈Xv. H-∂v \-io-I-c-W-Øn-t‚bpw a-t‰-Xv ]p-\-kr-jv-Sn-bp-tSbpw. H-∂v, {]m-Ir-X G-jy≥ k-aq-l-Øn-s‚ \-io-I-c-Ww. c-≠m-a-tØ-Xv, G-jy-bn¬ Hcp B-[p-\n-I k-aq-l-Øn-s‚ kr-jvS- n-bpw. {]m-Ir-X G-jy≥ k-aq-l-sØ \-in-∏n-®v, B-[p\n-I k-aq-l-Øn-s‚ kr-jv-Sn ]-Sn-™m-d≥ sh-≈° - m-cs - ‚ Hcp _m-≤y-X-bm-tWm? C-hn-sS hw-im-[n-]-Xy-Øn-s‚ kq-N-\Iƒ Im-Wmw. Cu-Ãn-¥ym Iº-\n \¬-In-b hn-h-c-ß-fp-sS A-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ C-¥y-tbbpw G-jy-tb-bpw kw-_-‘n®v sX-‰m-b-Xpw A¿-≤-k-Xy-hpam-b \n-K-a-\-ß-fn¬ F-Ønt®¿-∂X - n-s‚ A-]I - S- a - m-Wv Chn-sS Im-Wm≥ I-gn-bp-∂X - v. ]Sn-™m-dn-s‚ _u-≤n-I A-[oi-Xz-sØ tNm-Zyw sN-øp-∂ tem-ly-bp-sS [o-ca - m-b \n-e] - m-

Sv A-t±-l-Øn-se X-\-Xv Nn-¥I-s\ {]-Im-in-∏n-°p-∂p. hym-hk - m-bn-Ia - m-bn A-`nhr-≤n {]m-]n-® bq-tdm-]y≥ cmPy-ß-fn¬ \n-∂v am¿-Iv-kn-s\ hn-a¿-i\ - ] - q¿-Δw hn-eb - n-cp-Øp∂ Nn-¥-I¿ D-≠m-bn-√ F∂¿-∞-an-√. kz-Io-b-am-bp-≠mb Nn-e \n-cm-i-I-fn¬ \n-∂mWv ]-e-cpw am¿-Iv-kn-s\ hn-a¿in-®X - v. A-hs - c-√m-hc - pw X-s∂ ]- S n- ™ m- d ≥ tem- I - Ø n- s e B-[p-\n-I P-\m-[n-]X - y kw-hn[m-\-sØ Aw-Ko-I-cn-®-h-cm-bncp-∂p. "am¿-Iv-kv, Km-‘n, tkmjy-en-kw' F-∂ {K-Ÿ-Øntem-ly \-S-Øn-b hn-a¿-iw CXn¬ \n-∂v hy-Xy-kv-X-am-bn-cp∂p. ssh-Im-cn-I B-flo-b-hmZn-bp-sS-tbm, `o-j-Wn t\-cn-Sp∂ ap-X-em-fn-Ø hm-Zn-bp-sStbm \n-cm-i-\m-b am¿-Iv-kn-Ãns‚-tbm `m-h-Øn-em-bn-cp-∂n-√ tem-ly-bp-sS hn-a¿-iw. cm-jv{So-b km-º-Øn-I im-kv-{XØn-s‚ A-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn-em-bncp-∂p. am¿-Ivk - n-ks - Ø a-\ - nem-°p-∂-Xn-epw A-Xv {]m-h¿Øn-I-am-°p-∂-Xn-epw D-≠m-b ]n-g-hp-I-fn¬ \n-∂p-≠m-b \ncm-i-bn¬ \n-∂p-am-Wv C-Xp-hsc-bp-≈ hn-a¿-i-\-km-ln-Xyw cq-]-s∏-´-Xv. an-®-aq-ey-kn-≤m-¥Øn-s‚ A-Sn-Ø-d-sb tNm-Zyw sN-øp-∂-hn-[-ap-≈ hn-a¿-i-\߃ A-Xn-\v ap≥-]v D-≠m-bn´n-√.

h¿-§-hpw Pm-Xn-bpw C- ¥ y≥ X- X z- N n- ¥ - I ¿°pw km-aq-ln-I ]-cn-jv-°¿Øm-°ƒ-°pw G-‰-hpw A-[nIw sh-√p-hn-fn-bm-bn am-dn-b Hcp k-a-ky C-¥y-bn-se Pm-Xn hy- h - ÿ - b m- W v . Pm- X n- h y- h ÿ-sb-∂ I-f-¶-sØ a-\- nem-°p-∂-Xn-\pw A-Xn-s\ ]-cnjv-°-cn-°p-∂-Xn-t\m \n¿-Ωq-e\w sN-øp-∂-Xn-t\m D-≈ F√m {i-a-ß-fpw ln-μp-a-X -{KŸ-߃-°pw A-h-bp-sS hymJym-\-߃-°pw Np-‰pw I-d-ßnb-tX-bp-≈q. cm-jv-{So-b km-ºØn-I im-kv-{X-Øn-s‚ hn-iI-e-\ co-Xn D-]-tbm-Kn-®p-sIm≠v Pm-Xn-hy-h-ÿ-sb k-ao-]n® H-tc H-cp Nn-¥-I≥ tem-lybm-Wv. ]-c-am-h-[n Im-cy-£-aX ssI-h-cn-°p-I-bpw k-aq-lw kvX - w-`\ - m-hÿ - b - n¬ F-Øp-Ibpw sN-øp-tºmƒ B-`y-¥-c h¿-§-k-a-cw X-S-bm-\m-hm-sX h-cpw. A-t∏mƒ k-aq-lw IqSp-X¬ \o-Xn-]q¿-Δ-I-am-b PmXn-hy-h-ÿ-sb kzo-I-cn-°pw.'' h¿-§w N-e-\m-fl-I-am-b Pm-Xnbm-Wv. Pm-Xn N-e-\-c-ln-X-amb h¿-§-am-Wv. C-Xm-bn-cp-∂p tem-ly-bp-sS I-s≠-ج.

Pm-Xn-˛-h¿-§ B-tμm-f-\sØ kw-_-‘n-®v G-‰-hpw bp‡n-k-l-am-b hn-i-I-e-\w cmjv-{So-b km-º-Øn-I im-kv-{XØn-s‚ A-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn-ep-≈Xm-Wv. Aw-t_-Zv-°-tdm A-t±-

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l-Øn-s‚ A-\p-bm-bn-I-tfm t]m- e pw Pm- X n- h y- h - ÿ - s b tem-ly sN-bv-X-Xp-t]m-se Ncn-{X, cm-jv-{So-b km-º-Øn-I, im-kv-{Xo-b co-Xn im-kv-{X-Øns‚ A-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ hn-i-Ie-\w sN-øp-∂-Xn-\v X-øm-dm-bn√. am¿-Iv-kv hn-`m-h-\w sN-bvX h¿-§ k-a-c-Øn-s‚ am-kv-acn-I-bn¬ a-b-ßn am¿-Iv-kn-ÃpIƒ 1980 Iƒ h- s c Pm- X n ssh-cp-≤y-ßs - f A-`n-kw-t_m[-\ sN-øp-∂-Xn-\v X-øm-dm-bn√. Aw-t_-Zv-°¿ A-\p-bm-bnIƒ a-X-{K-Ÿ-ß-fp-tS-bpw AXn-\p Np-‰pw hn-I-kn-® kmwkv-Im-cn-I ]-cn-k-c-ß-fn-ep-ambn Pm-Xn-kw-L¿-jß - s - f H-Xp°n \n¿-Øp-∂-Xn-\m-Wv {i-an®-Xv. F-∂m¬ tem-ly A-Xns\ cm-jv-{So-b- km-º-Øn-I im-kv-{X-Øn-s‚ A-Sn-ÿm-\Øn¬ hn-I-kn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-\mWv {i-an-®-Xv. F-∂m¬ Zu¿`m-Ky-h-im¬ tem-ly B-cw-`w sIm-Sp-Ø a-l-Øm-b kw-cw`w G-Xm-≠v A-h-km-\n-® Ah-ÿ-bm-Wv C-∂p-≈-Xv. temly-bp-sS A-\p-bm-bn-Iƒ t]mepw Aw- t _- Z v - ° ¿ am- X r- I kzo-I-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\m-Wv {i-an°p-∂-Xv. kz-¥w ]-›m-Ø-ew hn-kv-a-cn-®p-sIm-≠v am¿-Iv-knÃp-I-fpw a-X-{K-Ÿ-ß-fp-sS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn-ep-≈ hn-i-I-e\w kzo-I-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. am¿Iv-kn-Ãp-Iƒ sN-tø-≠n-bn-cp∂-Xv tem-ly-bm-Wv sN-bvX - X - v.

F-ßs - \-bm-Wv Pm-Xn-sb C-√m-Xm-°p-I? Pm-Xn hy-hÿ-bp-sS A-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn-ep≈ A-k-a-Xz-sØ Aw-Ko-I-cn°p-∂-h¿-s°-Xn-sc hm-°n-epw {]-hr-Øn-bn-epw A-{I-aw {]tbm-Kn-®m¬ Pm-Xn-sb C-√m-Xm°m≥ I-gn-bp-tam? G-sX-¶nepw hy-‡n-bp-sS C-—m-i-‡nsIm-t≠m A-Sn-t®¬-∏n-°sIm-t≠m Pm-Xn-sb C-√m-Xm°m≥ I-gn-bn-s√-∂v tem-ly I-cp-Xn. ]-c-am-h-[n Im-cy-£-

24

A¥¿[m-c

a-X-bpw k-ºq¿-Æ Im-cy-£a-X-bpw X-Ωn-ep-≈ ssh-cp-≤ysØ ]-cn-l-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\v N-cn{X-]-c-am-b H-cp {]-{In-b Bh-iy-am-Wv. ""C-Xp-h-sc-bp-≈ a\p-jy-N-cn-{Xw Pm-Xn-bpw h¿§-hpw X-Ωn-ep-≈ B-`y-¥-c B-tμm-f-\-Øn-t‚-Xm-Wv. h¿§-߃ L-\o-`-hn-®v Pm-Xn-I-fmIp-∂-Xn-t‚-bpw Pm-Xn-Iƒ Ne-\m-fl-I-am-bn h¿-§-ß-fm-bn ]-cn-W-an-°p-∂-Xn-t‚-Xp-am-Wv a-\p-jy-N-cn-{Xw.'' Pm-Xn-bpw h¿-§-hpw D-∑q-e-\w sN-øp-∂Xn-\v B-{K-ln-°p-∂ F-√m-hcpw N-cn-{X-Øn-s‚ N-e-\-tlXp-hm-b Cu k-Xyw a-\- n-emt°-≠-Xp-≠v. A-Xn-\p I-gn™m¬, c-≠n-t\-bpw D-∑q-e\w sN-øp-∂-Xn-\p-≈ am¿-§w I-s≠-Øm≥ I-gn-bpw. A-ßs\, Pm-Xn D-∑q-e-\-Øn-\p-≈ am¿-§-߃ hy-Xy-kv-X- X-e-ßfn¬ ]-cn-tim-[n-t°-≠X - m-sW∂v tem-ly \n-co-£n-®p.

N-cn-{Xw B Zu-Xyw kzbw \n¿-Δ-ln-°p-I-bn-√. N-cn{X-Øn¬ kz-bw t{]-cn-X-am-b N-e\ - w C-√. A-N© - e - a - m-b \nb-a-ß-fpw C-√. A-Xp-t]m-se G-sX-¶n-epw H-cp hy-‡n-bp-sS C-—m-i-‡n-°v N-cn-{X-Øn-\v ta¬ A-Xv A-Sn-t®¬-∏n-°m-\pam-hn-√. hy-‡n F-{X D-∂-X\m-bn-cp-∂m-epw F-{X i-‡\ - mbn-cp-∂m-epw a-X-hpw a-X-{K-Ÿß-fpw Dƒ-s∏-sS \n-e-hn-se hy-h-ÿn-Xn F-{X-am-{Xw ]n¥p-W \¬-In-bm-epw A-bmƒ°-Xn-\v I-gn-bn-√. sl-K-en-t‚bpw am¿-Iv-kn-t‚-bpw kn-≤m¥-߃-°-\p-kr-X-am-b a-\pjy- C-S-s]-S-en-t\m, A-N-©-eam-b \n-b-a-߃-t°m A-Xn-\p I-gn-bn-√. am¿-Iv-kv, Km-‘n, tkmjy-en-kw; N-cn-{X-Øn-s‚ N{Iw; Pm-Xn-hy-h-ÿ F-∂o {KŸ-{X-bw kw-bp-‡-am-bn, ]Sn-™m-d≥ X-Xz-Nn-¥m-]-≤-Xn°p _-Z-em-bn tem-ly-bp-sS

kw-`m-h-\-bm-Wv. N-cn-{X-sØ X¿-°-im-kv-{X ]-cn-k-c-Øp-\n∂v tam-Nn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-\m-Wv tem-ly {i-an-®-Xv. ssh-cp-≤ymfl-I-hpw `u-Xn-I-hm-Z-]-c-hp-amb N-cn-{X-hm-b-\-sb \n-cm-I-cn®p-sIm-≠v a-\p-jy-s‚ C-—m-i‡n-bm-Wv N-cn-{X -N-e-\-߃°v tl-Xp-sh-∂v tem-ly Is≠-Øn. tc-Jo-b-hpw Nm-{InI-hpw X-Ωn-ep-≈ ssh-cp-≤yß-sf tem-ly ]-cn-lc - n-®p. AN-©-e \n-b-a-ß-fp-sS A-{]-amZn-Xy-sØ \n-cm-I-cn-®p; a-\pjy-s‚ C-—-sb ap-∂n¬ \n¿Øn.

C-¥y≥ tkm-jy-en-kw F- ∂ F- s ¥- ¶ n- e pw H- ∂ pt≠m? ]-Sn-™m-d≥ X-Xz-Nn-¥bp-sS D-Øpw-K-Øn¬ am¿-Ivkpw am¿-Iv-kn-s‚ `u-Xn-I-Xbpw D-b¿-∂p \n¬-°p-∂p. ka-io¿-j-\m-bn Km-‘n-bpw At±-l-Øn-s‚ B-flo-b-X-bpw ]u-c-kv-Xy -X-Xz-Nn-¥-bn¬ {]tim-`n-°p-∂p. ]m-›m-Xy- ]uc-kv-Xy Zz-μz-ß-sf kw-tbm-Pn∏n-°p-∂-Xn-\m-Wv tem-ly {ian-®-Xv. am¿-Iv-kn-s‚ ]-Zm-h-enbn¬ `u-Xn-I-X, B-[p-\n-I-X, ]p-tcm-KX - n, hy-hk - m-b h¬-°c- W w, sXm- g n- e m- f n h¿- § w, tkm-jy-en-kw, I-Ωyq-Wn-kw F-∂n-h-bm-Wp-≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xv. Km-‘n-°p ap≥-]n¬ B-flo-b {]-l¿-j-Øn-s‚ ]-Zm-h-en-Iƒ I-S-∂p-h-∂p. A-h D-]-tbm-Ks∏-Sp-Øn B-[p-\n-I ap-X-emfn-Ø \m-K-cn-I-X-bp-sS I-S-∂pI-b-‰-sØ {]-Xn-tcm-[n-°p-∂Xn-\v A-t±-l-Øn-\v I-gn-™p.

A-{I-a c-ln-X k-Xym-{K-lØn-eq-sS A-t¥ym-Z-bw, k¿tΔm-Z-bw Xp-S-ßn-b, am¿-Iv-knk-Øn-\p _-Z-em-b, B-i-b kw-ln-X-Iƒ B-Wv Km-‘n-°v \n¿-t±-in-°m-\p-≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xv. ]m-›m-Xy-˛-]u-c-kv-Xy X¿-°˛-hn-X¿-°-ß-sf a-dn I-S-°p-∂Xn-\m-Wv tem-ly {i-an-®-Xv. ssh-cp-≤ym-fl-I-X-sb a-dn-I-S-

°p-∂-Xn-\p-≈ tem-ly-bp-sS ]- ≤ - X n- ° v ]u- c m- W n- I C¥y≥ X-Xz-Nn-¥-bp-sS ]n≥-_e-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. ]-Sn-™m-d≥ \m-K-cn-I-Xbp-sS _-Z¬ X-Xz-Nn-¥ Km-‘n˛-tem-ly kw-bp-‡-am-Wv. Km‘n-bp-sS ]-≤-Xn Iq-Sp-X[¿-Ω-{]-[m-\-am-Wv. A-Xv At±-l-Øn-s‚ "ln-μv-kz-cm-Pn'(1909) \n-∂v hy-‡a - m-Wv. tSmƒtÃm-bn, tXm-tdm, d-kv-°n≥, Im¿-s]‚¿ Xp-S-ßn A-\-h-[n ]-Sn-™m-d≥ Nn-¥-I-sc Km-

Wv tem-ly {]-Xn-]m-Zn-®-Xv. am¿-Iv-kv I-cp-Xn-b-Xp t]m-se, D¬-]m-Z-\ _-‘-ß-fn¬ am-‰w D-≠m-bm¬ t]m-cm, D¬-∏m-Z-\ D-]m-[n-I-fn-epw am-‰w D-≠m-IWw. D¬-]m-Z-\-Øn-\v D-]-tbmKn-°p-∂ km-t¶-Xn-I hn-Zy-bnepw b-{¥-Øn-s‚ kz-`m-h-Ønepw am-‰w D-≠m-I-Ww. b-{¥ßƒ a-\p-jy -{]-hr-Øn-sb eLq-I-cn-°p-∂-Xm-h-Ww. a-dn-®v b-{¥-߃ a-\p-jy-s\ A-Sn-abm-°-cp-Xv. h≥-In-S aq-e-[-\w B-hi - y-ap-≈ km-t¶-Xn-Ih - n-Zy-

N¿-° D-]t- bm-Ks- ∏-Sp-Øn km-{am-Py-Xz-sØ sh-√p-hn-fn-°m≥ I-gn-™p-sh-¶n¬ C-¥ybp-sS ]p-\¿-\n¿-Ωm-Ww sN-dp-In-S-b-{¥-ßfn-eq-sS km-[y-am-Ipw. A-Xv ]m¿-iz-hX - vI - r-Xsc ap-Jy-[m-cb - n-se-Øn-°p-Ib - pw P-\m-[n-]Xy-sØ i-‡n-s∏-Sp-Øp-I-bpw sN-øpw. ‘n Dƒ-s°m-≠n-´p-≠v. ]-Sn™m-d≥ kmw-kv-°m-cn-I, XXz-Nn-¥m ta-J-e-I-fn-se ]m¿iz-h¬-Ir-X-cm-bn-cp-∂p C-h¿. hn-I-kn-®p h-cp-∂ hy-h-km-bnI \m-K-cn-I-X-bp-sS kmw-kvIm-cn-I A-[n-\n-th-i-Øn-s\Xn-cm-b \n-e-]m-Sv kzo-I-cn-®-hcm-bn-cp-∂p A-h¿. A-tXm-sSm∏w, C-¥y≥ kw-kv-Ir-Xn-bnse k-\m-X-\ [¿-Ωw, sshjv-W-h- a-X-[m-c, ssP-\-˛-_p≤ -a-X-[m-c F-∂n-h-bn¬ \n∂pw Du¿-÷w Dƒ-s°m-≠n-cp∂p. A-¥n-a-am-bn, hy-h-km-b hn-π-hw kr-jv-Sn-® B-[p-\n-IX-bp-sS ]-≤-Xn-I-sf \n-cm-Icn-°p-∂X - n-\p-≈ {i-aa - m-Wv Km‘n \-S-Øn-b-Xv. F-∂m¬, tem-ly ]q¿-Æ-am-bpw hy-hkm-b-h¬-°-c-W-sØ \n-cm-Icn-°p-∂n-√. ]-Ic - w G-jy≥ cmPy- ß ƒ- ° v A- \ p- K p- W - a m- b D¬-∏m-Z-\-co-Xn-Iƒ A-h-ew_n-°p-∂-Xn-s\ kw-_-‘n-®m-

tb-bpw b-{¥-ß-tf-bpw temly \n-cm-I-cn-®p. sN-dp-In-S b{¥-k-t¶-X-ß-sf-°p-dn-®m-Wv tem-ly kw-km-cn-®-Xv. N¿-° D-]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øn km-{am-PyØz-sØ sh-√p-hn-fn-°m≥ Ign-™p-sh-¶n¬, C-¥y-bp-sS ]p-\¿-\n¿-Ωm-Ww sN-dp-In-S b{¥-ß-fn-eq-sS B-I-Ww F∂v tem-ly B-{K-ln-®p. AXn-eq-sS D¬-]m-Z-\-Øn-s‚ P\m- [ n- ] - X y- h ¬- ° - c - W - h pw tkm-jy-en-k-Øn-s‚ ÿm-]\-hp-am-Wv tem-ly hn-`m-h-\w sN-bv-X-Xv. ]-Sn-™m-d≥ \m-Kcn-I-X-bp-sS D-] -D¬-∏-∂-ßfm-b Cw-•o-jv hn-Zym-`ym-ktØ- b pw \n- b - a - k w- h n- [ m- \ tØ-bpw ssh-Zy-im-kv-{X-tØbpw kzo-I-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\v Km‘n hn-ap-J-X Im-Wn-®p. F∂m¬ tem-ly, B-[p-\n-I-Xbp-sS C-Ø-cw kq-N-I-ß-sf A-∏m-sS \n-cm-I-cn-®n-√. a-dn-®v, A-h-sb C-¥y-bp-sS ]-›m-

Ø-e-Øn¬ \-ho-I-cn-°p-∂-Xn\m-Wv {i-an-®-Xv. ]u-cm-Wn-IX-bp-sS bp-‡n-cm-ln-Xy-sØ B-[p-\n-I-X-bp-sS bp-‡n-`-{ZX-sIm-≠v a-dn-I-S-°p-∂-Xn-\mWv tem-ly B-{K-ln-®-Xv. tem-ly X-s‚ X-Xz-Nn¥m-]c - a - m-b \n-e] - m-Sv C-ßs - \bm- W v {]- J ym- ] n- ° p- ∂ - X v . ""Rm- s \m- c p am¿- I v - k n- t Ãm am¿-Iv-kn-Ãv hn-cp-≤-t\m A-√.

Km-‘n-tbm-Sp-≈ F-s‚ \n-e]m-Spw A-ß-s\ X-s∂-bm-Wv. Km-‘n-b-t\m Km-‘n hn-cp-≤t\m B-Ip-∂-Xp-t]m-se Xs∂ A-kw-_-‘-am-Wv am¿-Ivkn-sÃm am¿-Iv-kv hn-cp-≤-t\m B-Ip-∂-Xv.'' Cu {]-kv-Xm-h\ sIm-≠v A-t±-lw F-¥m-bncn-°pw D-t±-in-®n-cp-∂X - v? `u-XnI-X-bp-tS-bpw B-flo-b-X-bptS-bpw ]m-c-ay-X-bn-te-°p-≈ {]-bm-W-sØ A-t±-lw \n-cmI-cn-°p-I-bm-tWm? ]-c-am-h-[n Im- c y- £ - a - X - b pw k- º q¿- Æ Im-cy-£-a-X-bpw X-Ωn-ep-≈ ssh-cp-≤y-sØ a-dn-I-S-°p-∂Xn-\p-≈ H-cp {i-a-am-bn-cp-t∂m A-Xv? Nm-{In-I-am-b N-cn-{XtØ-bpw N-cn-{X-Øn-se N-{ItØ-bpw D-Zv-tLm-jn-°p-I-bmbn-cp-∂p A-t±-lw. Cu Zz-μzsØ a-dn-I-S-∂p-sIm-≠v ]p-Xnb \m-K-cn-I-X-bp-sS N-e-\-\nb-a-߃ {]-Jym-]n-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ D-Zy-aa - m-bn-cp-∂p tem-ly \S-Øn-b-Xv. hy-Xy-kv-X-am-b Hcp km-aq-ly- Nn-¥m-]-≤-Xn-bmWv tem-ly A-h-X-cn-∏n-®-Xv. cm-jv-{So-b {]-h¿-Ø-\-ß-fnB-a-·-\m-bn-cp-∂-Xp-sIm-≠v A-t±-l-Øn-\v X-s‚ Zu-Xyw ]q¿-Øo-I-cn-°m≥ I-gn-™n-√.

A-Im-e-Øn-ep-≈ A-t±-l-Øns‚ a-c-Ww Im-c-Ww C-¥y≥ tkm-jy-en-Ãv X-Xz-Nn-¥ A]q¿-Æ-am-bn A-h-ti-jn-°p∂p. A-Xv ]q¿-Æ-am-°m-\p-≈ A-t\z-j-Ww Xp-S-tc-≠-Xp-≠v.

A¥¿[m-c

25

Hm¿Ω

]n.hn.Ip-cy≥, sI.kn.`m-kv-°-c≥, sI.]n.ap-l-Ω-Zv

tIcfØnse tkmjyenÃv apt∂‰Ønse {Xn-aq¿-Øn-Iƒ tUm.sI. {ioIpam¿

2020 \-hw-_¿ A-hk- m-\w sI.kn.`m-kv-°-c-\pw hn-S-hmßn. tI- c - f - Ø n¬ tem- l ym tkm-jy-en-k-Øn-s‚ {]-tbm‡m-°-fn¬ A-h-km-\-sØ ]S-\m-bI - \ - m-bn-cp-∂p `m-kv° - t- c´≥ F-∂ sI.kn.`m-kv-°-c≥. sI.]n.ap-l-Ω-Zpw ]n.hn.Ip-cy\pw h-f-sc t\-c-sØ X-s∂ hn- S - h m- ß n- b n- c p- ∂ p. tI- c - f Øn¬ tem-lym tkm-jy-enkw {]-N-cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn¬ A-{KK-Wy-cm-bn-cp-∂p C-h¿. tUm.tem-ly ap-t∂m-´p-sh-® k-hnti-j-am-b C-¥y≥ tkm-jyen-Ãv X-Xz-Nn-¥-sb A-Xn-s‚ B-g-Øn¬ a-\- n-em-°p-I-bpw A-Xv a-‰p-≈-h¿-°v ]-d-™psIm-Sp-°p-I-bpw sN-bv-X-h-cmbn-cp-∂p C-h¿. tem-I-Øn-se k¿-Δ-am-\

26

A¥¿[m-c

X-Xz-Nn-¥-I-cp-tS-bpw {K-Ÿßƒ hm- b n- ° p- I - b pw A- h kzmw-io-I-cn-°p-I-bpw A-Xns‚ km-cmw-iw Im-hym-fl-I-ambn bp-h-k-Jm-°ƒ-°v hn-i-ZoI-cn-®v sIm-Sp-°p-I-bpw sN-bvX a-\o-jn-bm-bn-cp-∂p `m-kv-°tc-´≥. B-h-iy-Øn-\pw A-Xnte- s d- b pw \¿- Ω - ` m- j - W - ß fpw I-hn-X Xp-fp-ºp-∂ {]-`mj-Wh - pw sIm-≠v tem-lym hnNm-ct- h-Zn-bn-se bp-h k-Jm-°sf l-cw ]n-Sn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-\v `mkv-°-tc-´-\v I-gn-™n-cp-∂p. F∂m¬, Xm≥ a-\- n-em-°n-sh®n-cn-°p-∂ Im-cy-߃ F-gpØn-eq-sS, te-J-\-ß-fn-eq-sS, {]-Im-in-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-\v h-f-tctb-sd hn-ap-J-X Im-Wn-®n-cp∂p `m-kv-°-tc-´≥. h-f-sc \n¿_-‘n-®m¬ A-¥¿-[m-c-bv-°pth-≠n Im-®n-°p-dp-°n-b H-cp {l-kz-te-J-\w. ]-s£ {]-`mj-W-Øn-s‚ Im-cy-Øn¬ h-

f-sc th-dn-´ H-cp ssi-en kzoI-cn-®n-cp-∂p. sIm-bn-em-≠n, Xr-{]-bm¿, Im-W-°m-cn Iymºp-I-fn¬ hy-Xy-kv-X hn-j-b߃ A-h-X-cn-∏n-®p-sIm-≠v bp-h-k-Jm-°ƒ-°v am¿-§-Z¿-inXzw \¬-Ip-∂-Xn¬ h-en-b ]¶m- W v `m- k v - ° - t c- ´ ≥ h- l n®Xv. tem-ly hn-Nm-ct- h-Zn kwÿm-\ A-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ kwL-Sn-∏n-°s - ∏-´X - n-\p-ti-jw BZy-sØ k-tΩ-f-\w \-S-∂-Xv Iq- Ø p- ] - d - º n¬- s h- ® m- b n- c p∂p. A-hn-sS-sh-®m-Wv kw-LS-\-bp-sS \-b-{]-Jym-]-\ tc-J N¿-® sN-bv-Xv Aw-Ko-I-cn-®-Xv. ]n.hn.Ip-cy-\pw tPm-kv k-Jdn-bm-kpw Iq-Sn tN¿-∂v X-ømdm- ° n- b - X m- b n- c p- ∂ p \- b - { ]Jym-]-\ tc-J. C-¥y≥ tkmjy-en-k-Øn-s‚ Xm-Xzn-I hni-Zmw-i-߃ {]-Xn-^-en-∏n-°p∂-Xm-bn-cp-∂p A-Xv. `m-kv-°-

tc-´-\pw tPm-kv k-J-dn-bm-kpw Iq-Sn tN¿-∂v X-øm-dm-°n-b-Xmbn-cp-∂p kw-LS- \ - b - p-sS `-cW - L-S-\. H-cp tkm-jy-en-Ãv kwL-S-\ F-{X-am-{Xw P-\m-[n-]Xy-]-c-am-bn-cn-°-Ww F-∂ Imcy-Øn-ep-≈ \n-jv-°¿-j `-cW-L-S-\-bp-sS Hm-tcm J-finI-bn-epw A-S-ßn-bn-cp-∂p. ktΩ-f-\-Øn-s‚ c-≠mw Zn-h-kw ]-I¬ ap-gp-h-\pw cm-{Xn G-sd ssh-In-bpw N¿-®-sN-bv-Xv Ip‰-a-‰-Xm-°n-bm-Wv \-b-{]-Jym-]\-tc-Jb - pw `-cW - L - S- \ - b - pw {]h¿-Ø-\-]-cn-]m-Sn-I-fpw Aw-KoI-cn-®-Xv. Cu N¿-®-Iƒ `m-kv°- t c- ´ - \ pw Ip- c y≥- k m- d pw sI.]n.ap-l-Ω-Zpw k-J-dn-bmkpw ap-∂n¬ \n-∂v \-bn-®t∏mƒ, sI.hn.F≥ ]-Wn-°¿, Fw.]n._m- e - I r- j v - W ≥- amÿ, ]n._me≥ amÿ, F≥.sI._m- e - N - { μ≥, sI.sP.tPm¨, C.sI.{io-\n-hm-k≥, ]n.]n.c-ho-{μ≥ Xp-S-ßn H-´-\h-[n k-Jm-°-fp-sS k-Po-h-amb ]-¶m-fn-Øw {i-t≤-b-am-bncp-∂p. C-h-sc-√mw tem-ly apt∂m-´p-sh-® C-¥y≥ tkm-jyen-k-Øn-s‚ hn-hn-[ h-i-ßfn¬ K-l-\-am-b A-dn-hp-≈-hcm-bn-cp-∂p.

1955 ¬ tUm.tem-ly-bpsS t\-Xr-Xz-Øn¬ tkm-jy-enÃv ]m¿-´n cq-]w sIm-≠-t∏mƒ ap-X¬ kzo-Ic - n-®p-h∂ - H-cp ioe-am-bn-cp-∂p Hm-tcm h¿-j-hpw \- S - ° p- ∂ {]- X y- b - i m- k v - { X Iym-ºp-Iƒ. tkm-jy-en-Ãv {]-

Xy-b-im-kv-{Xw kw-_-‘n-®pw Im-em-Im-eß - f - n¬ D-≠m-Ip-∂ tZ-io-b-hpw A-¥¿-tZ-io-b-hpam-b hn-j-b-ß-sf kw-_-‘n®pw ]m¿-´n {]-h¿-Ø-I¿-°v B- h - i y- a m- b A- h - t _m- [ w \¬-Ip-∂-Xn-\p-≈ am¿-§-sa-∂ \n-e-bn¬ Iym-ºp-Iƒ h-f-sc {]-tbm-P-\w sN-bv-Xn-cp-∂p. Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq¿ ta-J-e-bn¬ Ipcy≥ km-dpw a-e-_m¿ ta-J-ebn¬ `m-kv-°-tc-´-\pw sI.]n.ap-l-Ω-Zp-am-bn-cp-∂p ap-Jy-{]`m-j-I¿. s{]m-^.tI-i-hv dmhp Pm-X-hv, tUm.Fw.A-dp-apJw, tUm.A-\-¥-aq¿-Øn XpS-ßn A-Jn-te-¥ym X-e-Øn{i-t≤-b-cm-b tkm-jy-en-Ãv Nn-¥-I-cpw Cu Iym-ºp-I-fn]-s¶-Sp-Øn-cp-∂p. A-h-k-c-hmZ-Øn-s\-Xn-sc-bp-≈ G-‰-hpw ^-e-{]-Z-am-b am¿-§w ]T-\-amsW-∂p-≈ tem-ly-bp-sS A`n-{]m-b-sØ km-[q-I-cn-°p-∂ hn- [ - a m- W v Cu Iym- º p- I ƒ kw-L-Sn-∏n-°-s∏-´-Xv. `m-kv-°-tc-´-s\-t∏m-se X-s∂ A-]m-c-am-b ]-c-∂ hmb-\ D-≠m-bn-cp-∂p Ip-cy≥-kmdn-\pw. B¬-_¿-´v Im-ap-hpw, jm≥-t]mƒ-km-{X-bpw ( Jean Paul Sartre), tSm-Wn tam-dn-kWpw, tkmƒ sk-\n-‰v-k-\pw, t_m- d n- k v ]m- à ¿- \ m- ° pw, {^m≥-kv Im-^v-°-bpw tdm-km e-Iv-kw-_¿-§p-sa-√mw Ip-cy≥ km-dn-s‚ kw-`m-j-W-ß-fn-epw {]-`m-j-W-ß-fn-ep-sa-√mw I-S∂p-h-∂n-cp-∂p. {]-Xy-b-im-kv-

tkmƒ-sk-\n-Xv-sk-s‚ Szn-sse-‰v F-∂ I-hnX-bn-se c-≠p-h-cn-Iƒ Ip-cy≥ ÿn-c-am-bn D≤-cn-°p-am-bn-cp-∂p: ""F-{X a-t\m-l-c-am-b \nem-hv/ F-\n-°n-Xp-a-Xn, C-Xp-am-{Xw.'' k-a-\pw kz-X-{¥-\p-am-b a-\p-jy≥ ]-c-a-am-b B-\-μw A-\p-`-hn-°p-∂-Xn-s‚ Nn-{X-am-bn-´m-Wv C-Xns\ hn-iZ- o-Ic- n-®X - v.

{X ]T-\ ¢m- p-I-fn¬ h-f-sc A- S p- ° pw Nn- ´ - t bm- S pw- I q- S n, ap≥-Iq-´n X-øm-dm-°n-b Ip-dn∏p-I-tfm-Sp-Iq-Sn Im-cy-߃ ka-{K-am-bn A-h-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂ coXn-bm-Wv Ip-cy≥-km¿ A-h-ew_n-®n-cp-∂-Xv. {]-Xy-b-im-kv-{X N¿-®-I-fn¬ Xn-I-™ Ku-c-h°m-c-\m-bn-cp-∂ Ip-cy≥-km-dn\v lm-kyw Xo-sc h-g-ßp-ambn-cp-∂n-√. B-sc-¶n-epw A-{i≤-tbm-sS Im-W-s∏-´m¬ h-enb co-Xn-bn¬ tcm-jw {]-I-Sn∏n-°p-∂ co-Xn Ip-cy≥-km-dn-\p≠m-bn-cp-∂p.

C-h-cn¬-\n-∂pw hy-Xy-kvX-\m-bn-cp-∂p sI.]n.ap-l-Ω-Zv. h-en-b B-I¿-j-I-am-b {]-`mj-W ssi-en-tbm hm-Iv-Nm-Xpcn-tbm A-t±-lØ - n-\p-≠m-bn-cp∂n-√. ap-gp-h≥ k-a-b cm-jv-{Sob {]-h¿-Ø-I-\m-bn-cp-∂ kJm-hv sI.]n. \n-Xm-¥ t]m-cmfn-bm-bn-cp-∂p. A-\o-Xn, A-gna-Xn, A-{I-aw F-∂n-h F-hnsS I-≠m-epw D-S-\-Sn {]-Xn-tj[-hp-am-bn F-Øn-bn-cp-∂p kJm-hv sI.]n. tkm-jy-en-Ãv ]m¿-´n C-√m-Xm-b-t∏mƒ P-\Xm-]m¿-´n-bn-epw ]n-∂o-Sv temIv-Z-fn-epw P-\-Xm-Z-fn-epw kwÿm-\ t\-Xr-\n-c-bn-ep-≠m-bncp-∂ sI.]n. H-cn-°-epw A-[nIm-c-Øn-\pw ÿm-\-am-\-߃°pw ]n-∂m-se t]m-bn-√. Ac-ßn¬ {io-[-c≥, sI.N-{μ-tiJ-c≥, ]n.hn-izw-`-c≥ Xp-S-ßnb ]n.F-kv.]n. tkm-jy-en-ÃpIƒ-°n-S-bn¬ sI.]n.F-∂pw H-‰-s∏-´-h-\m-bn, {]-Xy-b-im-kv{X-Øn-\pw I¿-Ω-ss\-c-¥-cyØn-\pw th-≠n \n-e-sIm-≠p.

1967 ap-X¬ tkm-jy-en-Ãv ]m¿-´n-bn-ep-≠m-b A-¥-—n-{Z߃ tkm-jy-en-Ãv X-Xz-Nn-¥bp-sS hn-Im-k-Øn-\v hn-Lm-Xam-Ip-∂p F-∂ Xn-cn-®-dn-hn-s\Øp-S¿-∂v ssl-Z-cm-_m-Zns{]m-^.tI-i-h-dm-hp Pm-X-hns‚ t\-Xr-Xz-Øn¬ tem-ly hn-Nm¿ a-©v B-cw-`n-®p. tI-c-

A¥¿[m-c

27

f-Øn-epw tem-lym hn-Nm-c-thZn-sb-∂pw tem-lym ]T-\-tI{μ-sa-∂pw D-≈ t]-cp-I-fnkw-L-S-\-Iƒ B-cw-`n-®p. a-e_m-dn¬ `m-kv-°-tc-´-\pw kJm-hv sI.]n-bpw Xn-cp-hn-XmwIq-dn¬ Ip-cy≥ km-dpw C-hbv-°v t\-Xr-Xzw \¬-In. k-aXz-Nn-¥-bp-sS hn-i-Zmw-i-ß-fnte-°p-≈ A-t\z-j-Ww Xp-S¿∂p-sIm-≠p-t]m-Ip-∂-Xn-\p-≈ Zu-Xyw C-h¿ G-s‰-Sp-Øp. 1975 ¬ B-`y-¥-c A-Sn-b-¥n-cm-hÿ {]-Jym-]n-®-t∏mƒ tkmjy-en-Ãv ]m¿-´n {]-h¿-Ø-I¿°v B-h-iy-am-b am¿-§-\n¿-t±i- ß ƒ \¬- I p- ∂ - X n- \ p- ≈ t\m-´o-kp-I-fpw e-Lp-te-J-Ifpw C-h¿ X-øm-dm-°n. a-e-_mdn-te-bpw Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dn-tebpw bp-h-k-Jm-°-fm-Wv Cu e-Lp-te-J-Iƒ {Km-a-ß-fnhn-X-c-Ww sN-bv-X-Xv. 1977 ¬ P-\-Xm-]m¿-´n cq]o-Ir-X-am-b-t∏mƒ `m-kv-°-tc´-\pw Ip-cy≥-km-dpw A-Xn-s‚ A-\p-`m-hn-I-fm-sb-¶n¬ sI.]n. t\- X r- ÿ m- \ - s Ø- Ø n.

1979 ¬ P-\-Xm-]m¿-´n ]n-f¿-∂v tem-Iv-Zƒ D-≠m-b-t∏mƒ aq-hcpw A-Xn-epw ]-¶m-fn-I-fm-bn.

1982 \-hw-_-dn¬ tIm-´-b-Øv \-S-∂ tem-Iv-Zƒ k-tΩ-f-\Øn¬ D-Zv-Lm-S-I-\m-bn-cp-∂ a[p-en-am-sb-bp-sS {]-kw-Kw X¿÷-a sN-bv-X-Xv Ip-cy≥ kmdm-bn-cp-∂p. F-∂m¬ tem-IZv- ƒ A-Jn-te-¥ym t\-Xr-Xz-ØnNu-[-cn N-c¨-knw-Kpw a-[p-ena-tb-bpw X-Ωn¬ A-`n-{]m-bhy-Xym-kw D-≠m-b-Xn-s\-ØpS¿-∂v Ip-cy≥ km-dpw `m-kv-°tc-´-\pw tem-Iv-Z-fp-am-bp-≈ _‘w A-h-km-\n-∏n-®v tem-lym hn-Nm-c-th-Zn-bp-sS cq-]o-I-c-WØn¬ {i-≤ sN-ep-Øn. sI.]n.ap-l-Ω-Zv Xp-S¿-∂pw tem-IvZ-fn-epw ]n-∂o-Sv P-\-Xm-Z-fn-epw k-Po-h-{]-h¿-Ø-I-\m-bn XpS¿∂p. tkm-jy-en-Ãv X-Xz-Nn-¥-

28

A¥¿[m-c

bp- s S \- h o- I - c - W - Ø n- \ pw tkm-jy-en-Ãv kw-L-S-\ \n-e\n-dp-Øp-∂-Xn-\pw _-Z¬ am¿§-߃ B-h-iy-am-sW-∂ Xncn-®-dn-hn¬ \n-∂m-Wv tem-lym hn-Nm-c-th-Zn cq-]o-I-cn-°-s∏-´Xv. tem-lym hn-Nm-c-th-Zn H-cp cm-jv-{So-b kw-L-S-\-bm-bn-´mWv hn-`m-h\ - w sN-øs - ∏-´X - v. B\p-Im-en-I kw-`-h-ß-tfm-Sp-≈ {]-Xn-I-c-W th-Zn-sb-∂-Xn-ep]-cn H-cp k-a-c kw-L-S-\-bmbn-´m-Wv A-Xv \n-e-sIm-≠-Xv. tUm.tem-ly ap-t∂m-´p-sh-® tkm-jy-en-Ãv X-Xz-Nn-¥-sb B-[p-\n-I-Im-e bm-Ym¿-∞y߃-°-\p-kr-X-am-bn ]p-\-cmJym-\w sN-øp-I F-∂ Zu-Xyam-Wv tem-lym-hn-Nm-ct- h-Zn Gs‰-Sp-Ø-Xv. F-√m Pn-√-I-fn-epw Pn-√m k-an-Xn-I-fpw {]m-tZ-inI k-an-Xn-I-fpw cq-]o-I-cn-®psIm-≠v Nn-´-bm-b {]-h¿-Ø-\ß-fn-eq-sS H-cp k-a-c kw-LS-\-bm-bn tem-lym hn-Nm-c-thZn- s b h- f ¿- Ø n- s b- S p- ° p- ∂ Xn¬ `m-kv-°-tc-´-\pw Ip-cy≥km-dpw \n-kvX - p-ea - m-b ]-¶m-Wv h-ln-®-Xv. Xn-cp-h-\-¥-]p-c-Øv tUm.]n.ap-c-fo-[-c-\pw tPm-kv k-J-dn-bm-kpw t\-Xr-Xzw \¬In. a- [ y- X n- c p- h n- X mw- I q- d nsI.sP.tPm¨, sI.kn.F-{_lmw, tUm.]n.]n.\m-cm-b-W≥ \-ºq-Xn-cn, F≥.hn.a-Øm-bn Xr-iq¿, ]m-e° - m-Sv `m-Kß - f - ntXm-a-kv am-Xyp, P-\m¿-±-\≥ \-ºq-Xn-cn, Pn.jm-\-hm-kv a-e_m¿ `m-KØ - v, sI.kn.`m-kv° - c≥, Fw.]n._m-e-Ir-jv-W≥ am-ÿ, sI.hn.F≥.]-Wn-°¿,

]n._me≥ amÿ, sI.]n.apl-Ω-Zv, F≥.Un.]-t{Xm-kv, hf-∏n¬ _o-cm≥, F≥.sI._me-N-{μ≥, sI.hn.lp-ssk≥ am-ÿ, C.sI.{io-\n-hm-k≥, ]n.]n.c- h o- { μ≥, F- { _m- l w _≥-l¿ F-∂n-h¿ ap-Jy kwLm-S-I-cm-bn. A-Sn-b-¥n-cm-hÿ Im-e-Øv cm-jv-{So-b {]h¿-Ø-\w B-cw-`n-® Du¿-÷kz-e-cm-b H-´p-h-f-sc bp-hm°ƒ tem-lym hn-Nm-c-th-Zn-bpsS t\-Xr-Xz-Øn-te-°v I-S-∂ph-∂p.

"H-cp ]p-Ø≥ \m-K-cn-IX-bp-sS X-Xz-Nn-¥' F-∂ cq]-Øn-em-bn-cp-∂p tem-ly≥ tkm-jy-en-k-sØ ]n.hn.Ipcy≥ A-h-X-cn-∏n-®-Xv. tkmƒsk-\n-‰vk - s - ‚ "Szn-sse-‰v' F-∂ I-hn-X-bn-se c-≠p-h-cn-Iƒ Ipcy≥-km¿ km-[m-c-W-bm-bn D≤-cn-°m-dp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. ""F-{X a-t\m-l-c-am-b \nem-hv / F-\n-°n-Xp-a-Xn, C-Xpam-{Xw a-Xn.'' k-a-\pw kz-X-{¥-\p-am-b a-\p-jy≥ ]-c-a-am-b B-\-μw A-\p-`-hn-°p-∂-Xn-s‚ Nn-{X-ambn-´m-Wv C-Xn-s\ hn-i-Zo-I-cn®-Xv. a-\p-jy-\v A-∏-hpw kzmX-{¥y-hpw \¬-Ip-∂-Xn-\v, IΩyq-Wn-k-Øn-\pw ap-X-em-fnØ-Øn-\pw _-Ze - m-bn D-b¿-∂ph-tc-≠ H-cp X-Xz-Nn-¥-sb-°pdn-®m-Wv ]n.hn.Ip-cy≥ kw-kmcn-®-Xv. B-`y-¥-c tIm-f-\n-Iƒ D-≠m-Ip-∂-Xn-s\-°p-dn-®p-≈ tdm-km e-Iv-kw-_¿-§n-s‚ \nco- £ - W - ß ƒ Ip- c y≥- k m- d ns‚ {]-[m-\-s∏-´ hn-j-b-am-bn-

tem-lym-hn-Nm-ct- h-Zn H-cp A-Sn-ÿm-\ cmjv-{So-b kw-L-S-\-bm-bm-Wv cq-]-s∏-´-Xv. B-\p-Im-en-I kw-`-h-ß-tfm-Sp-≈ {]-XnI-c-W-th-Zn F-∂-Xn-ep-]-cn H-cp k-a-c kw-LS- \ - b - m-bn-´m-Wv A-Xv \n-es- Im-≠X - .v

cp-∂p. k-º-Øn-t‚-bpw \n-dØn-t‚-bpw enw-K-Øn-t‚-bpw Pm-Xn-bp-tS-bpw A-Sn-ÿm-\Øn¬ D-®\ - o-NX - z-߃ \n-eh - nen-√m-Ø H-cp tem-I-{I-aw D≠m-°p-∂-Xn-\p-≈ I¿-Ω-]-≤Xn-bpw X-Xz-Nn-¥-bpw A-h-Xcn-∏n-® cm-jv-{So-b t\-Xm-sh-∂ \n-e-bv-°m-Wv tem-ly A-h-Xcn-∏n-°-s∏-´-Xv. B-bp-[-߃°pw A-{I-a-Øn-\pw km-aq-lnI am-‰w sIm-≠p-h-cp-∂-Xn-\v I-gn-bp-I-bn-s√-∂pw a-\p-jys‚ C-—-bv-°p-am-{X-ta A-Xn-\v I-gn-bp-I-bp-≈q F-∂pw Ipcy≥- k m¿ bp- h - k - J m- ° - s f ]Tn-∏n-®p. Km-‘n-Pn-sb B-bp[- a - W n- b m- Ø k- X y- Ø n- s ‚ {]-hm-NI - \ - m-bn-´m-Wv At±lw I-≠-Xv. N-cn-{X-tØ-bpw kw-kvIm-c-tØ-bpw \n¿-Æ-bn-°p-∂ L-S-I-ß-fn¬ bp-‡n-°pw `uXn-I-X-bv-°pw D-≈-Xp-t]m-se X-s∂ sI-´p-I-Y-Iƒ-°pw sFXn-ly-߃-°pw {]-[m-\-s∏-´ ÿm-\-ap-s≠-∂v tem-ly I-cpXn-bn-cp-∂p. in-h-\pw cm-a-\pw Ir-jv-W-\pw hm-flo-In-bpw hkn-jvT-\pw hn-izm-an-{X-\p-sa√mw A-t±-l-Øn-s‚ ]-cn-K-W\-bv-°v ]m-{Xo-`-hn-®n-´p-≠v. Irjv-W-s‚ am-bn-I-X-bpw cm-as‚ {]m-tbm-Kn-I-X-bpw in-hs‚ A-]c - n-ta-bX - z-hpw H-cp-t]mse tem-ly-bn¬ k-tΩ-fn-®ncp-∂-Xm-bn ]n.hn.Ip-cy≥ hn-ebn-cp-Øn. tem-ly≥ X-Xz-Nn¥-bn-se am-bn-I-hpw Im-ev-]\n-Ih - p-am-b Aw-iß - ƒ h-fs - c X-∑-b-Xz-tØm-Sp-Iq-Sn ]n.hn.Ip-cy≥ ]p-Xn-b X-e-ap-d-bv-°v hn-iZ- o-Ic - n-®p-sIm-Sp-Øp. Ip-amcn-sb th-fn I-gn-°m≥ ssIem-k-Øn¬-\n-∂v ]p-d-s∏-´ Ipam-c-\v cm-h-W≥ kr-jv-Sn-® {]Xn-_-‘-ß-sf A-Xn-Po-hn-®v k-a-b-Øv F-Øn-t®-cm≥ I-gnbm-Ø-Xp-aq-ew I-\y-I-bm-bn I-gn-tb-≠n-h-∂ Ip-am-cn-bp-sS I-Y-bn-eq-sS `m-c-X-sa-∂ `q-{]-

N-cn-{X-sØ-bpw kw-kvIm-c-sØ-bpw \n¿-Æbn- ° p- ∂ L- S - I - ß fn¬ bp-‡n-°pw `uXn-I-X-bv-°pw D-≈-Xpt]m-se X-s∂ sI-´p-IY-Iƒ-°pw sF-Xn-ly߃-°pw {]-[m-\-s∏´ ÿm-\-ap-s≠-∂v temly I-cp-Xn-bn-cp-∂p. tZ-iØ - n-s‚ kmw-kv° - m-cn-Ia - mb sF- I yw hy- ‡ - a m- ° ptºmƒ ]n.hn.Ip-cy≥ X-s‚ Im-ev-]-\n-I `m-h-Øn-s‚ ]-ctam-∂-Xn-bn-em-bn-cp-∂p. k-abw H-tc-k-a-bw ss\-an-jn-Ihpw B-Xy-¥n-I-hp-am-Wv. temI-kr-jv-Sn-bn-se F-√m L-S-I߃-°pw Xp-ey-am-bm-Wv kzw A-\p-`-h-th-Zy-am-Ip-∂-Xv. AXp-sIm-≠p-X-s∂ a-‰v L-S-I߃ t]m- s e kzw ÿn- c ambn´p≈X√. AXpsIm≠v Hmtcm tkmjyenÃv cmjv{Sob {]h¿ØI\pw IqSpXDØchmZnØ t_m[ap≈h\mbn amtd≠Xps≠∂v ]n.hn.Ipcy≥ IcpXn. Hcp {]h¿ØI≥ a‰v {]h¿ØItc°mƒ anSp°\s√∂ t_m[w P\n∏n°p∂Xn\pw GXv kabØpw A[nImcsØ Xnckv°cn°p∂Xn\pw Cu Bfl`mhw klmbn°psa∂pw At±lw IcpXn. tem-ly≥ X-Xz-Nn-¥-bpsS A-Sn-ÿm-\-in-e A-Xn-s‚ km¿-Δ-eu-In-I-hpw k¿-Δ-kv]¿-in-bp-am-b am-\-hn-I-X-bmWv. I-Ωyq-Wn-k-Øn-\p-taNm¿- Ø n- s °m- S p- Ø km¿- Δ eu-In-I-X a-co-Nn-I-bm-sW-∂v Im-cy-Im-c-W-k-ln-Xw ]n.hnIp-cy≥ hy-‡-am-°n. I-Ωyq-

Wn-k-Øn-\v A-k-a-Xzw kr-jvSn-°p-∂-Xn-\v am-{X-ta I-gn-bpI-bp-≈q. A-Xv ap-X-em-fn-ØØn-s‚ hn-I-kn-X cq-]w am-{Xam-Wv. ssN-\-bn-se Sn-bm-\≥sa≥ kv-Iz-b-dn¬ {]-Xn-tj-[ k-a-cw \-S-Øn-b hn-Zym¿-∞nI-sf \n-jv-°-cp-Ww sh-Sn-sh®v sIm-e-s∏-Sp-Øn-b I-ΩyqWn-Ãv `-c-W-Iq-Sw A-Xn-\v Ae-¶m-c Nn-”-am-bn e-`n-® am-\hn-I-X-bp-sS aq-Sp-]-Sw h-en-s®dn-™p. I-Ωyq-Wn-Ãv {]-Xy-bim-kv-{X-Øn¬ A-¥¿-eo-\-ambn-cp-∂ ssh-cp-≤y-ß-sf Xn-cn®-dn-™v A-Xn-s‚ im-kv-{Xob A-Sn-Ø-d-sb-∂ I-]-S-hm-ZsØ s]m- f n- ® - S p- ° p- ∂ - X n- \ v ]n.hn.Ip-cy≥ tkm-hn-b‰ - v d-jybp-sS-bpw F-tXym-]y-bp-sS-bpw Xm-cX - a - y-ßf - m-Wv D-]t- bm-Kn-®Xv. 1940 ¬ A-ta-cn-°-sb hne-°p-hm-ßm≥ X-߃-°v Ign-hp-s≠-∂v ho-ºn-f° - n-bt- kmhn-b-‰v bq-Wn-b≥ 50 h¿-j߃ I-gn-™-t∏m-tg-°pw ]e dn-∏-ªn-°p-I-fm-bn hn-L-Sn®p-t]m-b A-]q¿-Δ {]-Xn-`m-ksØ h-f-sc h-kv-Xp-\n-jvT-ambn hn- e - b n- c p- Ø p- ∂ - X n- \ v ]n.hn.Ip-cy-\v I-gn-™n-cp-∂p.

F-∂m¬ C.Fw.F-kv. A-S-°ap-≈ I-Ωyq-Wn-Ãv Nn-¥I - ¿-°v A-Xn-\v I-gn-™n-cp-∂n-√. H-cp cm-jv-{So-b {]-h¿-Ø-I≥ am¿Ivk - n-tÃm am¿-Ivk - n-Ãv hn-cp-≤t\m B-Ip-∂-Xv A-kw-_-‘am-sW-∂v ]-d-bp-tºmƒ H-cp hy- ‡ n- b p- s S a- t \m- h n- N m- c ߃ cm-jv-{So-b {]-h¿-Ø-\Øn-s‚ A-Sn-ÿm-\a - m-hp-∂X - ns‚ A-{]-k-‡n-bm-Wv sh-fnhm- ° - s ∏- ´ - X v . {Inkv X phpw _p≤\pw Km‘nbpw XßfpsS injy∑mcm¬ H‰psImSp°s∏´Xpt]mse temlybpw H‰psImSp°s∏t´°mw F∂v ]n.hn.Ipcy≥ Bi¶s∏´ncp∂p.

(ASpØe°ØnAhkm\n°pw)

A¥¿[m-c

29

Hm¿Ω

km-tlm-Zc- yw Xp-fp-ºp∂ hm-°p-I-tfm-sS, ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-∂-h-cp-sSsb-√mw B-flm-hn-s‚ A-b¬-°m-c-\m-hp-∂ a-s‰m-cmƒ C-\n-bn-√. sI.hn. cmtP{μ≥

sI.-kn.-`m-kv-I-c≥ F-∂ a-\p-jy≥ ]-I¿-∂p \¬-In-b B- i - b - ] - c - a m- b Du¿- ÷ Øn¬ h-f¿-∂ H-cp X-e-ap-dbv-°v B hn-tbm-Kw h-en-b Hcp \-jv-S-am-Wv. tI-c-f-Øntem-ly≥ Nn-¥ {]-N-cn-∏n-® c≠v {]-ap-Jc - n¬ H-cm-fm-bn-cp-∂p A-t±-lw. a-s‰m-cmƒ ]n.-hn.-Ipcy≥. tkm-jy-en-Ãv {]-ÿm-\hp-am-bn _-‘-s∏-´v tI-c-fØn¬ F-√m-bn-S-Øpw A-t±lw k-©-cn-®p. Ip-´n-Iƒ sXm´v G-sd {]m-b-ap-≈-h¿-°v-h-sc `m-kv-I-tc-´-\m-bn B h-en-b a\p-jy≥ \-Ωp-sS C-S-bn¬ Pohn-®p. F-√m-h-tcm-Spw Xp-√y-Xtbm-sS s]-cp-am-dn. tUm.-tem-ly-bp-sS kn≤m-¥ß - f - n¬ A-Sn-bp-d® - v \n¬°p-tºm-gpw H-cp hy-‡n-bp-sS Nn-¥ cm-jv-{So-b {]-h¿-Ø-\Øn-s‚ tI-{μ _n-μp B-I-cpsX-∂pw A-Øc - w Nn-¥ k-lmb-I-c-am-Im-sa-∂-√m-sX \n-b{¥n-°p-∂-Xm-bn-cn-°-cp-sX-∂pap-≈ tem-ly-bp-sS hm-°pIƒ `m-kv-I-tc-´≥ B-h¿-Øn®n-cp-∂p. C-Xv A-t±-ls - Ø Xpd-∂ a-\p-jy-\pw A-t\z-jn-bpam- ° n \n- c - ¥ - c w ]p- X p- ° ns°m-≠n-cp∂p.

B-[p-\n-I \m-Kc - n-IX - b - psS ]-cn-an-Xn-I-sf-°p-dn-®v ]-dbp-tºmƒ ""F-\n-°v H-cp Np-

30

A¥¿[m-c

kJmhv sI.kn \n-\-hn¬ h-cp-tºmƒ... h-Sv'' a-Xn F-∂ Km-‘n-Pn-bpsS hm-°p-Iƒ Hm¿-Ωn-∏n-°p-Ibpw B Np-h-Sn-s‚ cm-jv-{So-b Ir-Xy-X e-fp-Xa - m-bn h-c® - p Im´p-I-bpw sN-bv-Xp. Km-‘n-bp-sS cm-jv-{So-b-sØ _-lp-Zq-cw apt∂m-´v sIm-≠p-t]m-b, H-cp bYm¿-∞ Km-‘n-b-\m-bn temly-sb `m-kv-I-tc-´≥ h-c-®p. s]m-Xp Po-hn-X-Øn-se D-b¿∂ [m¿-Ωn-I-X-bp-sS {]-Xn-cq]-am-bm-Wv Km-‘n-Pn I-W-°m°-s∏-´n-cp-∂-sX-¶n¬, tem-ly D-b¿-∂ cm-jv-{So-b [m¿-Ωn-IX-bp-sS {]-Xo-I-am-bn-cp-∂p. a\p-jy h¿-§-sØ kw-_-‘n-® Km-‘n-b≥ ho-£-W-ß-fp-sS au- e n- I - X Xn- c n- ® - d n- b - W - s a¶n¬ tem-ly-bp-sS tkm-jy-enÃv Nn-¥s - b-bpw sXm-´d - n-tb-≠Xp-s≠-∂v `m-kv-I-tc-´≥ \n-c¥-cw Hm¿-Ωn-∏n-®p. aw-K-em-]p-c-Øv tIm-tf-Pv ]T-\w I-gn-™v \-t∂ sN-dp∏-Øn¬, 1952¬ t]m-ì hIp-∏n¬ tN¿-∂n-√m-bn-cp-s∂¶n¬ a-e-_m-dn-se ap-Jy-[m-cm tkm-jy-en-Ãv cm-jv-{So-b-Ønse H-cp {]-ap-J t\-Xm-hm-bn A-t±-lw am-dn-Øo-cp-am-bn-cp∂p. A-Ø-cw Hm-^-dp-Iƒ kvt\-l-]q¿-Δw \n-c-kn-®-Xn-s‚ A-\p-`-h-߃ `m-kv-I-tc-´≥ Hm¿-sØ-Sp-°m-dp-≠v. F-∂mG-sXm-cp t\-Xm-hn-\pw km-[n®-Xn-e-[n-Iw tem-ly≥ Z¿-i\-ßs - f ]p-Xp X-ea - p-db - n-te-°v {]-k-cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-\m-bn-cp-∂p

`m-kv-I-tc-´-s‚ Po-hn-X \n-tbmKw. tI-c-f-Øn¬, {]-tXy-In®pw a-e-_m-dn¬ \-S-∂ F-Æa- ‰ ]T- \ Iymw- ] p- I ƒ, kntºm- k n- b - ß ƒ, k- t Ω- f - \ ߃ C-h-bn-se-√mw {]-kw-KI-\m-bpw {]-`m-j-I-\m-bpw `mkv-I-tc-´≥ Po-hn-®p. ]-c-∂ hmb-\-bn-eq-sS ssI-h-∂ A-dn-hns‚ D-Xn¿-a-Wn-Iƒ e-`n-®-h¿ A-t±-l-tØm-sSm-∏w \-S-∂p. tUm.tem-ly-bp-sS A-{]-Xo£n-X th¿-]m-Sn-\p ti-jw B Zu-Xy-hp-am-bn ap-t∂m-´v t]mIm≥ C-¥y-bn-se-ºm-Spw BZ¿-ih - m-Zn-If - p-sS H-cp-Xe - a - p-d D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. tem-ly B-i-b]- c - a m- b n h- f ¿- Ø n- s b- S p- Ø Ip-td sN-dp-∏-°m¿, H-cp {]tXy-I hn-j-b-Øn¬ tem-ly F-¥m-bn-cn-°pw Nn-¥n-°p-∂sX- ∂ v a- \ - n- e m- ° n P- \ X,am≥-ssI‚ v am-kn-Iƒ-°v ap-J-{]-kw-K-tam, te-J-\-tam F-gp-Xp-am-bn-cp-∂ tem-Iv-\m-YvtPm- j n, Hmw- I m¿- i - c - Ø v, H.]n.Zo-]I - v, In-j≥-]S- v\ - m-bI - v, s{]m-^.tI-ih - d - m-hp Pm-Zh - v, PÃn-kv c-Po-{μ k-®m¿, a-kv-Xvdmw-I-]q¿ Xp-S-ßn-b-h-cp-sS Hcp- \ n- c . h- S - ° v B- m- a n- s e ⁄m-\-]oT-tP-Xm-hm-b ho-tc{μ-Ip-am¿-`-´m-Nm-cy ap-X¬ Cßv sX-°v v-I¿-Æm-S-I-Øn-se A-\-¥-aq¿-Øn-h-sc-bp-≈ Fgp-Øp-Im-cp-sS a-s‰m-cp \n-c. Ch¿ Hm-tcm-cp-Ø-cpw tem-lyam-cm-bn P-\-ß-tfm-Sv kw-km-

cn-®p-sIm-≠n-cp-∂p. Cu kwL-Øn¬ tI-c-f-Øn-se c-≠pt]¿ k-Jm-°ƒ ]n.hn.Ip-cy\pw sI.kn.`m-kv-I-c-\p-am-bncp-∂p. H-t´-sd hm-bn-®pw {]-kwKn-®pw ]-cn-`m-j-s∏-Sp-Øn-bpw {]-ÿm-\-Øn-\p-th-≠n Po-hn® `m-kv-I-tc-´≥ F-gp-Øn-t\mSv hn-ap-J-X Im-Wn-®p. aq¿-®tb-dn-b B `m-j-bpw, X-\n-°v hn-tbm-Pn-∏p-≈ A-`n-{]m-b-ßsf B-i-b-߃-sIm-≠pw bp‡n-sIm-≠pw \n¿-Δo-cy-am-°p∂-Xn-\p-≈ I-gn-hpw \-Ωƒ F{X-tbm X-h-W A-\p-`-hn-®-Xmbn-cp-∂p. th-Zn-bp-sS Iq-Øp-]d-ºv k-tΩ-f-\-Øn¬ h-®m-Wv \-b-{]-Jym-]-\ tc-J Aw-KoI-cn-°-s∏-´-Xv. H-cp ]-I-epw cm{Xn-bpw ap-gp-h≥ \o-≠ s]mcn-™ N¿-®-bn¬ `m-kv-I-tc´≥ Im-Wn-® an-I-hv {]-Xn-\n[n-I-sf H-∂-S-¶w A-¤p-X-s∏Sp-Øn. am¿-Iv-kn-b≥ A¿-∞im- k v - { Xw im- k v - { X- a m- s W∂pw, A-Xv G-I-im-kv-{X-amsW-∂p-ap-≈ hn-izm-k {]-amW-sØ Io-dn-ap-dn-°p-tºm-sgms° {]-I-S-am-Ip-∂ B {]-Xn` \n-c-h-[n X-h-W \mw A-\p`-hn-®d - n-™X - m-Wv. ""•m- vt- \mÃpw s]-cn-kv-t{Sm-bn-°-bpw'' F-∂ te-J-\-Øn¬ A-t±-lw C-ß-s\ F-gp-Xn ˛ ""s]-cn-kvt{Sm- b n- ° C- ∂ - s Ø \n- e bn¬ hn-P-bn-°-W-sa-¶n¬ apX-em-fn-Ø-Øn-s‚ D-Zv-]m-Z-\ co-Xn-I-sf-Ø-s∂ hn-π-h-I-c-

A¥¿[m-c

31

am-b am-‰-߃-°v hn-t[-b-am°-Ww. tXm-tdm-bpw Km-‘n-Pnbpw tem-ly-bpw hn-c¬-Nq-≠p∂ H-cp ]m-X-bp-≠v. A-Sn-ÿm\-]-c-am-b Nn-¥m-a-Wv-U-e-ßfn-epw s]-cn-kv-t{Sm-bn-° B-hiy-am-Wv. tem-lym hn-Nm-c-thZn B h-gn-°p-≈ {i-a-Øn-emWv. kn-≤m-¥-ß-fn-epw s]-cnkv-t{Sm-bn-°. A-Xn-\p-th-≠n-

a-\p-jy-h¿-§s- Ø kw-_‘ - n® Km-‘n-b≥ ho-£W - ß - f- psS au-en-I-X Xn-cn-®-dn-b-Wsa-¶n¬ tem-ly-bp-sS tkmjy-en-Ãv Nn-¥s- b-bpw sXm-´dn-tb-≠X - p-s≠-∂v `m-kI v- t- c´≥ \n-c-¥-cw Hm¿-Ωn-∏n-®p. bp-≈ N¿-®-I-fn¬ •m- v-t\mÃv. C-Xn-\v X-øm-dm-Ip-tam?. AX-√, i-¶-c-s‚ `m-jy-߃ krjv-Sn-® am-b \-sΩ A-I¿-ΩWy-X-bn-te-°v X-≈n-b-Xp-t]mse am¿- I v - k n- k - Ø n- s ‚ ]pØ≥ i-¶-c-`m-jy-߃ \-sΩ ho-≠pw am-bm-hn-πh - ß - f - p-sS hc-≠ `q-an-bn-te-°v F-Øn-°p∂-Xp-hs - c Im-Øn-cn-°W - t- am?

A-tXm, A-`n-\-h-km-t¶-Xn-I th-Zw {]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂ A-¥¿tZ-io-b h-tc-Wy h¿-§-Øn-s\Xn-sc B-™-Sn-°m-\p-X-Ip-∂ sN-dp-In-S b-{¥ k-t¶-X-Øns‚ ]p-Ø≥ km-t¶-Xn-I hnZy D¬-]m-Z-\ cw-K-Øv {]-tbm-

Kn-°m-\p-≈ G-I-e-hy-∑m-cm-IW-tam?''(C-hn-sS ]p-Ø≥ i¶-c-`m-jy-߃ F-∂-{]-tbm-KØn-eq-sS, sXm-gn-em-fn-h¿-§ hnπ-hw a-I-c-am-k-Øn-se a-™pt]m-se-bpw C-S-h-∏m-Xn-bn-se h¿-jw t]m-se-bpw h-s∂-Øp∂ A-\n-hm-cy-X-bm-sW-∂v ]d- ™ C.Fw.F- n- s ‚ bm{¥n-I-X-sb a-t\m-l-c-am-bn Ifn-bm-°p-∂p.) H-cp Im-cyw Cu A-h-k-c-Øn¬ Hm¿-Ω-h-cp-∂p -˛ tKm¿-_-t®-hn-s‚ ]-cn-jv-Imc-߃ {]-Jym-]n-°-s∏-´ kμ¿-`-Øn¬ tIm-gn-t°m-Sv sh®v th-Zn-bp-sS kw-ÿm-\ kan-Xn-tbm-Kw \-S-°p-∂p. Ip-cy®-\m-bn-cp-∂p A-≤y-£≥. Xs‚ {]-kw-K-Øn¬ C-¥y-bv-°I-Øpw ]p-d-Øp-ap-≈ kw-`-h hn-Im-k-ß-sf ]-cm-a¿-in-°sh C-¥y≥ F-Iv-kv-{]- v hen-b {]m-[m-\y-sam-∂pw \¬Im-sX {]-kn-≤o-I-cn-® tkmhn-b-‰v bq-Wn-b-s\ kw-_-‘n® H-cp sIm-®p hm¿-Ø-bn-te°v A-t±-lw Aw-K-ß-fp-sS {i≤ £-Wn-°p-∂p. Ip-cy-®-\neq-sS-bm-Wv B-Zy-am-bn •m-kvt\m-Ãpw s]-cn-kv-t{Sm-bn-°-bpsam-s° P-\-߃ tI-´-Xv. Cu ]-cn-jv-Im-c-߃ ap-t∂m-´p-t]mhp-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ A-Xv tem-I N-cn-{X-sØ-Ø-s∂ am-‰n-a-dn°p-sa-∂pw Ip-cy-®≥ {]-h-Nn°p-Ib - p-≠m-bn. tkm-hn-b‰ - v bqWn-b-\n-se ]-cn-jv-Im-c-ß-sf kzm-K-Xw sN-bv-Xp-sIm-≠v thZn ]m-km-°n-b {]-ta-b-am-bn-cn°pw Cu hn-j-b-Øn¬ P-\m[n-]-Xy tI-c-fw \-S-Øn-b BZy-sØ A-`n-{]m-b {]-I-S-\w.

I- g n- ™ Im- e - ß - f ntI-c-f-Øn-se H-t´-sd {]-h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬ C-S-s]-Sm≥ thZn- ° v I- g n- ™ n- ´ p- ≠ v . X- ¶ - a Wn,Io-gv-am-Sv,B-hn-jv-Im-c kzmX-{¥yw, Im-em-h-[n-I-gn-™n´pw hn-´b - ° - s - ∏-Sm-Xn-cp-∂ \-Ivk¬ X-S-hp-Im-cp-sS {]-iv-\߃, ]u- c m- h - I m- i - ß - f pw

59˛mw `-c-W-L-S-\m t`-Z-K-Xnbpw, B-Zn-hm-kn `q-\n-b-aw, amhq¿-Kzm-fn-tbm¿ d-tbm¨-kv k-a-cw, \-thm-Z-b hn-Zym-e-b k-a-cw, a-Wv-U¬ I-Ωo-j≥ ip-]m¿-i-Iƒ (C-∂-sØ kmaq-ly \o-Xn h-‡m-°ƒ-°v aWv-U¬ I-Ωo-j≥ H-cp hn-jb-ta A-√m-Xn-cp-∂ Im-e-Øv ""a-Wv-U¬ I-Ωo-j≥ ip-]m¿i-Iƒ -˛ tkm-jy-en-Ãv ho-£W-Øn¬'' F-∂ t]-cn¬ H-cp ]p-kv-X-Iw {]-kn-≤o-I-cn-°p-Ibpw dn-t∏m¿-´v \-S-∏n-em-°-Wsa- ∂ v tI- c - f - Ø n- e m- Z y- a m- b n B-h-iy-s∏-Sp-I-bpw sN-bv-X-Xv th-Zn-bm-bn-cp-∂p)]-cn-ÿn-Xnkw-c-£-Ww, ssI-Km, s]-cntßmw,B- W - h \n- e - b - ß ƒ, {io-e-¶-bn-se C-¥y≥ ]-´m-f C-S-s]-S-ep-Iƒ, Xn-_-Øn-s‚ kzm-X-{¥yw Km-´v I-cm-dn-te-°v \-bn-® U-¶¬ \n¿-t±-i-߃, Im¿-§n¬ C-¥y-hn-S-W-sa-∂ B-h-iy-ap-b¿-Øn-bp-≈ k-acw. F-∂n-ß-s\ A-t\-Iw {]iv-\-ß-fn¬, C-h-bn¬ ]-e-Xnepw B-Zyw C-S-s]-Sp-I-bpw ka-cw sN-øp-I-bpw sN-bv-X-Xv tem-lym-hn-Nm-c-th-Zn-bm-bn-cp∂p. Cu Im-e-b-f-hn¬ th-Znbp-sS kw-ÿm-\ A-≤y-£∑m¿ F-∂ \n-e-bn¬ Ip-cy-®\pw `m-kI v- tc-´\ - pw h-ln-® t\Xr-]-c-am-b ]-¶v h-f-sc h-epXm-Wv. H-cp ]q¿-Æ Po-hn-Xw Pohn-®p Xo¿-Øn-´m-Wv `m-kv-I-tc´≥ hn-S-hm-ßn-b-Xv. C-¥y Pnhn-°p-∂n-S-tØm-fw tem-ly {]-k-‡-am-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xp-sIm≠v {]-ÿm-\w C-\n-bpw D-b¿∂ Nn-¥-I-sc-bpw t\-Xm-°-sfbpw kr-jv-Sn-t®-°mw ]-s£ {]- k - ∂ - a m- b ap- J - t Øm- s S, km-tlm-Z-cyw Xp-fp-ºp-∂ hm°p-I-tfm-sS, ]-cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-∂h-cp-sS-sb-√mw B-flm-hn-s‚ A- b ¬- ° m- c - \ m- h p- ∂ a- s ‰mcmƒ C-\n C-√.

{]-km-[-I k-an-Xn: ]n.]n.c-ho-{μ≥, c-ta-iv _m-_p tkm-tjym, a-e-bn≥-Io-gv i-in-Ip-am¿, F≥.Sn.sI. {io-[-c≥, Sn. ap-l-Ω-Zv _-jo¿, Pn. jm-\-hm-kv, tPm¿-Pv tP-°-_v, k-\o-jv ]-\-ßm-Sv, Fw.sI. kp-tc-jv _m-_p, hn.]n. _m-e≥ (I¨-ho-\¿)