]{Xm[n]°pdn∏v
kmaqly\oXn°mbp≈ t]mcm´amWv P\m[n]Xyw kwc£n°p∂Xv P-
\m-[n-]-Xy-Øn‚ `m-hn sI-´p t]m-bn-´n-s√∂-Xn-s‚ km-£y-am-Wv Zn-√n-bn-te-°p-≈ I¿j-I am¿-®n-se ]-¶m-fn-Ø-hpw, A-Xn-t\m-Sp-≈ km-[m-c-W ]u-c-∑m-cp-sS kv-t\-l-hm-bv-]pw Icp-X-epw. cm-Py-kv-t\-ln-Iƒ Iq-´-tØm-sS I¿j-I am¿-®n-s\ A-`n-hm-Zyw sN-bvX - v P-bvI - n-km≥ F-∂ ]-g-b sF-Iy-Zm¿-Vyw ho-≠pw ap-g°-ptºmƒ tIm¿-∏-td-‰p-I-fp-sS _n-\m-an-bm-b H-cp k¿-°m¿ hn-d-fn ]n-Sn-°p-∂-Xn¬ A-¤p-X-an-√. ]-t£, A-t∏m-gpw H-cp kw-i-bw _m-°n. \-ΩpsS {]-Xn-]-£-sa-hn-sS? sX-c-s™-Sp-∏p-I-fn¬ am-{X-am-Wv P-\m-[n-]-Xy-sa-∂v A-h¿ I-cp-Xp-∂pt≠m? _o-lm-dn-se sX-c-s™-Sp-∏v k-a-b-Øv hoXw sh-bv-∏n-\v F-s¥m-cp D-jm-dm-bn-cp-∂p. tXm‰-t∏mƒ F-©p-h-Sn-bp-am-bn h-∂v Iq-´n-bpw Ip-d®pw Xm-¥m-ß-sf \ym-bo-I-cn-°m≥ {i-an-°p-∂Xn-\-∏pdw Im-e-Øn-s‚ Np-h-sc-gp-Øv hm-bn°m≥ sI¬-∏p-≈h - c - m-cpw A-hc - p-sS-bn-Sb - n-en-s√∂v H-cn-°¬-°q-Sn t_m-[y-s∏-´ncn°p∂p. _o-lm-dn¬ km-t¶-Xn-I-am-bn F≥ Un F B-Wv P-bn-®-Xv. A-Xn-\p Im-c-Ww \yq-\-]-£ -˛ Z-fn-Xv -˛ ]n-t∂m-° thm-´p-Iƒ hn-L-Sn-®-XmsW-∂pw, C-\n km-aq-ln-I \o-Xn-sb-∂ ap-{Zmhm-Iy-Øn-\p {]-k-‡n-bn-s√-∂pw, k-h¿-Æ _p≤n-Po-hn-I-fm¬ \-bn-°-s∏-Sp-∂ am-≤y-a-߃ ]d-™p sIm-t≠-bn-cn-°p-∂p. F-¥p-sIm-≠v ap…nw -Z-fn-Xv cm-{„o-bw X-ß-fn¬ \n-∂-I-∂v H-‰bv-°p t]m-Ip-∂p F-∂pw, A-h-sc B-I¿-jn°m≥ ]p-d-sa \n-s∂-Øp-∂ km-ap-Zm-bn-I t\Xm-°ƒ-°p F-ß-s\ I-gn-bp-∂p-sh-∂pap≈ tNm-Zy-߃ A-`n-ap-Jo-Ic - n-°s - ∏-Sp-∂n-√. Xm-¥mß-fp-sS cm-{„o-b {]-ÿm-\-Øn-s‚ t\-Xr-XzØn¬ F-{X-am-{Xw A-h¿-°v ]-¶m-fn-Øw sImSp-Øn-´p-s≠-∂v A-h-in-„ tkm-jy-en-Ãp-I-sf¶n-epw B-tem-Nn-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. {]-ÿm-\-Øn-s‚ t\-Xr-Xz-Øn¬ P-\-kwJym-\p-]m-X-Øn¬ kv-{Xo˛Z-fn-Xv˛B-Zn-hm-kn˛]nt∂m-°˛\yq-\-]-£ {]m-Xn-\n-[yw kw-h-c-Ww sN-bv-Xp-sIm-≠m-bn-cp-∂p tem-ly-bpw tkm-jyen-Ãv ]m¿-´n-bpw _-lp-P-\m-Sn-Ø-d ]-Sp-Øp-b¿Øn-b-Xv. P-\m-[n-]-Xyw sX-c-s™-Sp-∏p-I-fn-eqsS-tbm \n-b-a-\n¿-Ωm-W k-`-I-fn-eq-sS-tbm A√ sX-cp-hp-I-fn-epbcp∂ P-\-tcm-j-ß-fn-eq-sS-
2
A¥¿[m-c
bm-Wv i-‡-am-Ip-∂-sX-∂v ]-d-™pw {]-h¿Øn-®pw h-f¿-Øn-b-Xm-Wv Cu cm-{„o-bw. B Nn-¥-bp-sS kzm-[o-\-Øn¬ ]n-d-∂ `-c-W \-S]-Sn-I-fm-bn-cp-∂p a-fi¬ I-Ωo-j-\pw k-®m¿ I-Ωo-j-\pw. {]kvXpX cm-{„o-b ap-t∂-‰-Øns‚ A-Sn-Ø-d X-I¿-Ø-Xn-s‚ Zp-c-¥-^-e-amWv km-aq-ln-I \o-Xn {]-ÿm-\-߃-°n-S-bnep-≈ k-¶p-Nn-X a-X/Pm-Xn Xo-{h hn-`m-K-ßfp-sS kzm-[o-\w. Pm-Xnhy-h-ÿ-bm¬ \n-c-¥cw A-]-am-\n-°-s∏-Sp-∂ H-cp P-\-X-sb, a-XØn-s‚ t]-cn¬ hn-th-N-\-Øn-\p hn-t[-b-am-Ip∂ a-\p-jy-sc, Iq-sS \n¿-Øm-sX F-ß-s\-bmWv H-cp {_m-“-Wn-Iv/tIm¿-∏-td-‰v hy-h-ÿ-sb t\-cn-Sm-\m-hpI? Aw-t_-Zv-I-dpw tem-ly-bpw {]-Xo-£-bmIp-∂-Xv, A-h-cp-sS Nn-¥-Iƒ i-‡-am-sbm-cp {]-Xn-]-£-Øn-s‚ A-Sn-Ø-d-bm-tI-≠-Xv A-XpsIm-≠v Iq-Sn-bm-Wv. km-aq-ln-I-\o-Xn-°m-bp≈ ap-d-hn-fn H-cp `m-K-Øp \-S-°p-tºm-gm-Wv kw-h-c-Ww F-∂ B-i-b-sØ-Ø-s∂ A-´n-adn-°p-∂ \-S-]-Sn-Iƒ tI-{μ - kw-ÿm-\ k¿°m-dp-Iƒ H-tc t]m-se ssI-s°m-≈p-∂-Xv. Zcn-{Z-]-£-Øm-sW-∂ I-]-S-\m-Sy-Øn¬ X-ßfp-sS k-h¿-Æ ]-£-]m-Xn-Xz-sØ A-h¿ Htc t]m-se \ym-bo-I-cn-°p-∂p. kw-h-c-W-ap-≈ sXm-gn¬ ta-J-e-I-fn-se Pm-Xn-bpw a-X-hpw Xn-cn-®p-≈ I-W-°v H-cp [h- f - ] - { X- a m- b n C- d - ° m≥ k¿°m¿ XømdmIWw. Iq-sS cm-Py-sØ k¿-°m¿ i-º-fw ]-‰p-∂ F-bn-U-Uv ÿm-]-\-ß-f-S-°-ap-≈ F√m ta-Je - I - f - n-te-bpw, D-∂X - hn-Zym-`ym-k ÿm]-\-ß-fn-te-bpw, kmw-kv-Im-cn-I ÿm-]-\-ßfn-te-bpw F-√m-‰n-\p-ap-]-cn C-¥y-bn-se F-√m cm-{„o-b {]-ÿm-\ß - f - p-sS t\-Xr-Xz-Øn-te-bpw kv-{Xo/Z-fn-Xv/B-Zn-hm-kn/]n-t∂m-°-h¿-§/\yq\-]-£ {]m-Xn-\n-[yw F{Xsb∂pw ]-c-ky-s∏Sp-ØWw. km-aq-ln-I \o-Xn-bp-sS cm-{„o-bw N¿-® sN-øp-∂ A-¥¿-[m-cb - p-sS Cu e-°w tem-lym hn-Nm-c-th-Zn-bp-sS ÿm-]-Imw-K-hpw A-¥¿-[mc-bp-sS ap≥ ]-{Xm-[n-]-cpw Xn-I-™ tkm-jyen-Ãp-am-bn-cp-∂ {]n-b- k-Jm-hv sI kn `m-kvI- c - s ‚ kv a - c - W - I ƒ- ° p ap- ∂ n¬ k- a ¿- ∏ n°p∂p.
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aebmfØnse GI tkmjyenÃv amknI
FUnt‰mdnb¬ t_m¿Uv AUz. Fkv. cmPtiJc≥ (sNb¿am≥)
tUm. sI. {ioIpam¿ C.sI. {io\nhmk≥ AUz. ]n. cPn\m¿°v sI. cm-Po-hv-Ip-am¿ C.sI. Znt\i≥ ]n.sI. cmP≥ Sn.]n. {io[c≥ hnPbcmLh≥ tNenb FUn‰¿ hnPbcmLh≥ tNenb vr.cheliya@gmail.com
Hcp temlym hnNmcthZn {]kn≤oIcWw
kmaqly\oXn°mbp≈ t]mcm´amWv P\m[n]Xyw kwc£n°p∂Xv sI kn `m-kvI-c≥ : D]m-[n-I-fn-√mØ kvt\lØns‚ Zo-]vX-amb Hm¿Ω sI cm-Pohv Ipam¿, A∂q¿ PmXn kwh-cWw {]Xn-`-Iƒ°v Ah-k-c-sam-cp-°p∂p tZ-h\ - q¿ alm-tZ-h kmº-ØnI kwh-cW - a- √; CXv kh¿ÆPmXn kwh-cWw hn -B¿ -tPm-jn PmXn kwh-cWw: `c-WL - S- \ - b - psS hmKvZm\w s{]m^.F≥ kn l-cn-Zm-k≥ kmº-ØnI kwh-cWw Zcn-{Z-]£ - ] - m-Xn-Xz-a√, kh¿W-hm-Za- m-Wv tUm.-{]-tamZv ISp-I´n PmXn-kw-hc- Ww, P\m-[n-]Xy t]mcm-´a- mWv A-\¥ - p-cm-Pv P\m-[n-]X - y-sa-∂m¬ P\-ßf- psS kzbw-`c- W - a- m-Wv, _p≤n-Po-hn-I-fpsS `c-W-a√ tUm.- _n -B¿ Aw-t_-ZvI¿ kwh-cWw Hcp kmº-ØnI {]hr-Øn-b√ - , kmaq-lnI hnπ-ha- mWv cmw at\m-l¿ temly tIm-hn-Uv X-f¿-Øm-Ø k-ac- tI-cf- w Ip-kp-aw tPm-k^ - v
2 5 8 9 13
15 17
19
22 24
Ih¿ Unssk≥ & te Hu´v Fw at\mlc≥ B∏nƒ tSm°v Un Sn ]n : eo\ \mcmbW≥
_‘߃°v C sI {io\nhmk≥ (P\d¬ kn{I´dn temlym hnNmcthZn kwÿm\ kanXn)
tIihw tNenb t]mÃv sImbnem≠n˛673306 Ph: 9446068843 sreenikesavam@gmail.com {]-kn-≤o-I-cn-°p-∂ te-J-\-߃ ]q¿-Æ-am-bpw A-¥¿-[m-cb - p-sS A-`n-{]m-bß - f - m-IW - s - a-∂n-√.˛-FU - n-‰¿
I¿-jI - t- cm-Sv kw-km-cn-°m≥ D-]m-[n-If- c- p-Xv cm-P≥ ]n sI
25
temlym hnNmcthZn kwÿm\ kanXn°v th≠n {]knU‚ v AUz. Fkv.cmPtiJc≥ A¥¿[m-c ({io \ntIX≥, NnddmewtImSv, IpS∏\°p∂v.]n.H., Xncph\¥]pcw, 695043) A®Sn®p {]kn≤oIcn°p∂Xv. t^m¨: 9447034808
3
4
A¥¿[m-c
Hm¿Ω
sI kn `m-kvI-c≥ : D]m-[n-I-fn-√mØ kvt\lØns‚ Zo-]vX-amb Hm¿Ω sI cm-Pohv Ipam¿, A∂q¿
B
bp- ns‚ ap°m¬]¶pw s]mXp-Po-hn-X-Øn¬ \nd™p-\n∂ Hcp-a-\p-jy≥ Xs‚ sXmÆqdmw hb- n¬ PohnXw Ah-km-\n®v bm{X-bm-hp∂p. Imk¿tKm- U p- a p- X ¬ Xncp-h-\-¥-]p-cw -hsc tIc-fØnse AºXv hb- n\vtaep≈ hen-sbmcp Iq´w a\pjy¿ hymIp-e-am-Ip-∂p. ]ckv]cw A\p-tim-N\ ktμ-i߃ ssIam-dp∂p. ]e-cpsSbpw a\- n¬ Kpcp-ÿm-\tØm-sSm∏w ]nXr-hm-’-eyØns‚bpw ]cymbambncp∂p B a\pjy≥. Xs‚ PohnXImew apgph≥ temlymNn¥-I-fp-sSbpw tkmjy- e nÃv Bi- b - ß - f psSbpw {]Nm-c-I-\m-bn-cp-∂p sI.-kn. -`m-kvI-c≥. {]`m-jW-߃, ¢m- p-Iƒ,- te-J-\߃, -hn-h¿Ø-\-߃... tIcfw `mkvI-tc-´s\ Adn-™Xv Aß-s\-bm-Wv. Aß-s\-sbmcmƒ bm{Xbm-hp-tºmƒ km[m-c-W-bmbn hn⁄m-\-Øns‚ ]c∏pw ]mWvUn-Xy-Øns‚ Bg-hp-amWv A\p-tim-N\-°p-dn-∏p-I-fn¬ ap{Zn-X-am-th≠-Xv; {]tXy-In®pw Bg-hpw ]c-∏p-ap≈ Hcp ss[j-WnI Pohn-X-Øns‚ hntbm-K-am-Iptºmƒ. ]s£, ]ns∂- ¥ p-
sIm≠v ChnsS Cßs\? sI.-kn.- `m-kvI-c≥ F∂ hy‡n- b psS D]m- [ n- I - f n√mØ kvt\lw Bbn-cn-°Ww sNdp-sX-¶nepw Ic-fp-d∏p≈ Hcp-kw-LsØ At±lsØ hebw sNøm\p≈ Im¥- a mbn {]h¿Øn- ® - X v . tUm.- t em- l y- s b- ° p- d n- ® p≈ Hcp ]pkvX-I-Øns‚ Bap-JØn¬ Hcp {]apJ Nn¥-I≥ Cßs\ FgpXn˛"tUm.temly s]mSn- a - Æ n¬ \n∂pw Rßsft∏mse Nn¥n-°p-∂hcpsS Hcp kwLsØ krjvSn-®p'. kam-\-ambn, A\o-XntbmSv sNmSn- ° p∂ tIc- f Ønse Hcp- k wLw bphm°ƒ°v kn≤m- ¥ - Ø ns‚ \s´√pw Nn¥- b psS Ip\nbmØ inc pw D≠m-°n-sbSp-Ø-h-cn¬ {][m\n `mkvItc-´-\m-bn-cp-∂p. ]mWvUn-Xy-Øns‚ IqsS- ∏ n- d - ∏ mbn apt∂ - \ - S - ° p∂h\mWv ]e-t∏mgpw K¿Δw. tIc-f-Øns‚ kmwkvIm-cnI A¥-co-£-Øn¬ AXv Hcp Ae- ¶ mcw IqSn- b m- W v . F∂m¬ Chn- s S- b nXm K¿Δw Xo≠mØ, Bscbpw IqsSt®¿°p∂, F√m- h - t cmSpw Xpey-X-tbmsS s]cp-am-dp-∂ Hcp kJm-hv.
Pohn- X - Ø n- e p- ≈ - s Xm∂pw `mkv I - t c- ´ s‚ Nn¥bv°v A\y-am-bn-cp-∂n-√. PetZm- j - Ø n\v \m´p- a - c p∂v \n¿t±in°p∂ A{Xbpw kzm`m-hn-I-X-tbmsS Ab-Xv\e-fn-X-ambn GI-temI Z¿i\- s Ø- ∏ ‰n \S- c m- P - K p- c p- h nt\mSv At±lw X¿°n-®p. `mkvI-tc-´-\nse ssk≤m-¥n-I≥ e£y-th-[n-bmb Hcp-sh-Sn-bp-≠b - mbn amdp-∂Xv am¿Ivkn-b≥ hni-I-e-t\m-]m[n- I - f psS A{]- a m- Z n- Ø - { ]tLmj-W-ß-fpsS t\¿°mWv. Im™-ßmSv s\{lp tImtf-Pn¬, tImgn-t°mSv k¿ΔI- e m- i me Ncn- { Xm- ≤ ym- ] I¿°mbn \S- Ø nb Hcp inev]-im-e-bn¬ tUm.tIih≥ shfp-Øm-´ns‚ {]`m-jW-Øn-\p-tijw `mkvI-tc-´≥ sXmSpØ Hcp tNmZy-Øn\v thZnbpw kZ pw \n»-_vZ-ambXns‚bpw, hmZ- { ]- X n- h m- Z ߃s°m-Sp-hn¬ Hcp sNdp Nncn-am{Xw DØ-ca - mbn \¬Ins°m≠v {]`m-j-I\v Ccn-t°≠n- h - ∂ - X n- s ‚bpw km£n-bmbn-cp∂p teJI≥. Bib-ß-fmepw `mj-bmepw A\p{K- l n- ° - s ∏- ´ - X n- \ m¬ Hcp sNdp-kwLw A≤ym-]-I-cpsS Bcm-[y-\m-bmWv `mkvI-tc-
A¥¿[m-c
5
´≥ B Iymº- n¬\n-∂pw aSßn-bXv. temlym- h n- N m- c - t h- Z nbpsS Xr{]-bm¿ Iymºv, cm{Xn ]{¥≠v aWn-I-gn-™n´pw thZn- b n¬ {Kq∏v N¿®- I - f psSbpw hntbm- P n- ∏ n- s ‚bpw kPo-hX. hnim-e-amb lmfns‚ ]n∂nse aqe- b n¬ \n∂v _me-N-t{μ-´s‚ s]s´∂p≈ s]m´n-®ncn. ]n∂n-encp∂ Rm\pw cmtP-t{μ-´\pw
I-fn¬ Hcn-°epw Ab-™-Xpan√. Xs‚b{Xsbm∂pw tijn-bn-√mØ Nne¿ Ifwam‰n Nhp- ´ n, ]cn- e m- f - \ - I - t fmsS kmwkv I m- c nI ÿm]- \ - ß fn¬ hmgp- t ºmgpw, \mbI∏´w sI´p-tºmgpw, Ah-tcmsSms° {]k- ∂ - X - t bmsS, sNdp-I-fn-bm-°-en-eqsS s]cpam- d m≥ `mkv I tc- ´ - \ p- I - g n™p. Ah-cn¬ Nne¿ `mkvItc-´-\p-ap-∂n¬ kzIm-cy-ambn
Atßm´p \oßp-∂p. tUm.tem-ly-bpsS hy‡n-Po-hn-XsØ- ° p- d n®v `mkv I - t c- ´ ≥ ]d™ Hcp t\m¨shPv Xam-i-bm-bn-cp∂p hnj-bw. ]n∂oSv AXns‚ hni-Zo-Ic - W - am-bn. Fs‚ t\cnb PmfyX {i≤n® cmtP- t {μ- ´ - t \mSv `mkvI-tc-´s‚ Ia‚ v˛ "Ah\m- W nXv tIƒt°- ≠ - X v; As√- ¶ n¬ temly Ah\v ssZh- a m- b n- t ∏m- I pw'. {]mbhyXymkw, hen- ∏ - s ®- d p∏w Cßn-s\-bp≈ Xcw Xncn-hpIƒ Ku\n-°m-td-bn√ At±lw. Bsc-°p-dn®pw Xam-iIƒ s]m´n°pw; Imep- j yØns‚ \©v ]pc-´n-bn-cp-∂n√ H∂n-epw. F∂m¬ \ne-]m-Sp-
Ic™p; a‰p Nne¿ ImWmXn-cn-°m≥ hgn-amdn \S∂p. \ne- ] m- S p- I - f nse apdp°w HutZym-KnI Pohn-X-Ønepw At±lw IqsS-°q´n. X]m¬ hIp-∏nse kl-{]-h¿ØI¿ ]d-™-dn™Xv Cßns\- b m- W v ˛ tPmen kabw apgp-h≥ ]Wn-sb-SpØpw a‰p≈-hsc ]Wn-sb-Sp-∏n-®p-sIm≠p- a n- c n- ° pw. tPmen- Ignbp∂ \nanjw kplrØpw Xpey- \ p- a mb a\p- j y- \ mbn Xam-i-Iƒ apg-°pw. HutZymKn- I - Po- h n- X - Ø n¬ kacw sNbvXv Pbn-en-em-hpI am{Xa√ kwL- S \m t\Xr- X zØns‚ D∂X ÿm\- ß ƒ hln°p-Ibpw sNbvXn-´p-≠v
6
A¥¿[m-c
At±lw. X]m¬ hIp-∏ns‚ CSXv bqWn-bs‚ am\p-jn-IX-bp≈ Hcp t\Xr-ap-J-am-bncp∂p sI.kn. dn´-b¿sa‚n-\pti-jhpw A®-S°\S-]-Sn°v hnt[-b-cm-hp∂ Xs‚ ]gb kl- { ]- h ¿Ø- I ¿°p- t h- ≠ n \nb-a-ßsf Iq´p-]n-Sn®v At±lw s]mcp-Xn. Xe-t»-cn-bnse Hcp henb tkmjy-enÃv kulr-Z-IpSpw- _ - Ø ns‚ tI{μ- a mbn `mkvI-tc-´≥ {]h¿Øn-®-Xv kl- { ]- h ¿Ø- I - \ mb ]n. _me≥ amÿ Hm¿Ωn-°p-∂p≠v. kJm-°ƒ Fw.]n _meIrjvW≥, -sI.-hn.-F≥.-]-Wn°¿, ]fl-\m-`≥ \mb¿ F∂n-h¿. _m-eN - t{μ´≥, tKmhntμ´≥, Fw.-kn.-kp-Ip-am-c≥, cm-a-N-t{μ-´≥,- ]-t\mfn e£vaW≥ XpS-ßn as‰mcp\nc. Cu bphm-°-fpsS t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ Adp-]-Xp-Iƒ apX¬ Xe-t»cn-bn¬ \S-∂p-h∂ tkmjyenÃv tIm¨t¢- h p- I ƒ ]tøm- f n- b nepw hS- I - c - b nepw \S∂ tkmjy-enÃv ÃUn-¢m p-Iƒ, ]pkvXI hnh¿Ø\- ß ƒ, {]- k n- ≤ o- I - c - W - ß ƒ... tkmjy-enÃv ]m¿´n°v ssk≤m- ¥ nI _ew \¬Inb {]h¿Ø- \ - ß - f m- b n- c p∂p. Cu ]md- ∏ p- d - Ø m- W v Ahn-S-ß-fn¬ ]m¿´n kwLS\bp≠m-b-Xv. tIc-f-Ønse a‰n-S-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw {]ÿm\w DW-ßn-t∏m-bn´pw Ahn-Sß-fn-en-t∏mgpw ]®∏v _m°nbp- s ≠- ¶ n¬ Dd- ß m- X n- c p∂v ]WnX ]m¿´n-¢m- p-Iƒ°v \μn- ] - d - b - W w. Rm≥ \tS ]d™ t]cp-I-tfm-tcm∂pw Hmtcm km[y-X-bm-bn-cp-∂p. kmln-Xyw,- kw-kvIm-cw,- X-XzNn-¥,- {]-`m-jWw, F-gpØv... ]e-Xm-bn-∏n-cn-™p-t]m-Im-ambn-cp∂ B hy‡n-Isf temlym tkmjy-en-kØ - n\v Np‰pambn hnf- ° n- s b- S p- Ø Xv `mkvI-tc-´-\m-bn-cp-∂p. tImgn-
t°mSv IÆq¿ Pn√- I - f n¬ henb kZ- n¬ tkmjyenÃv˛am¿IvknÃv kwhm-Z-ßfn¬ FXn-cm-fn-I-fpsS hmZßsf \n¿Δo-cy-am-°n-b-Xns‚ Hm¿Ω-Iƒ ]¶p-sh-°p-∂Xv tIƒ°p-I-Xs∂ ssh⁄m\n-I-amb Hc-\p-`-h-am-Wv. km[mcW a\p- j y¿ IpSpw_ Pohn-X-Øn¬ {][m\- s a∂v Icp- X p∂ ]eXpw `mkvI-tc-´\v Aßn-s\-b-√mbn-cp-∂p. kz¥-ambn Hcp hoSv \n¿Ωn- ° pI F∂ t¢iw At±lw Gs‰-Sp-Øn-√. Xs‚ G‰hpw {]nb- a mb hmb- \ bpsS kabw A]-l-cn-°m-Xncn-°m≥ BhXpw {ian-®p. B hmb\ tIhew tkmjy-enÃv cmjv{So-b-Øn¬ HXp-ßn-\n∂n- √ .GXp hnj- b - Ø nepw GXp t\cØpw kwibw Xo¿°m-hp∂ Hcp hn⁄m\ tImi-ambn kJm-°ƒ At±lsØ Hm¿°p-∂p-≠v. aXw, -XXzNn¥, kmlnXyw XpSßn Irjnbpw BtcmKy hnNmchpw hsc hmb- \ sIm≠v At±lw kv]¿in-®p. hmb-\-bnse cpNn hyXym-k߃ t]mse `£-W-Ønse
cpNn hyXym-k-ßfpw At±lw BtLm-jn-®p. `£-W-ap≠m-°epw Bl-cn-°epw alØmb Hcp Ie- b m- s W∂v At±-l-tØm-sSm∏ap≠t∏msf√mw `m\pth®nbpw `mkvItc-´\pw A\p-`-hn-∏n®p. hmb-\-bn-ep≈ hn]p-eamb Cu XmXv]cyw {]kn-≤\mb as‰mcp hmb-\-°m-cs\ `mkvI-tc-´s‚ BPo-h-\m¥ kplr- Ø m°n˛Fw.tKmhnμ≥. B kulr-Z-amWv tKmhn-μs\ thZn-bp-sS -Xr-°-cn∏q¿ ktΩ-f-\-Ønse kmwkvIm-cnI thZn-bn-se-Øn-®-Xv. kwL-S-\-bn¬ hnizm-k-an-√mXn-cp∂ tKmhn-μ≥, "\ap-s°m∂n®v ]eXpw sNøm-\p-s≠∂v ' B thZn- b n¬ {]Jym]n®p. sN∂n-S-sØ√mw hnP-bnbm-hm≥ A\p-{K-ln-°-s∏´ `mkvIt- c-´≥ temlym hnNmc thZnsb Xs‚ IpSpw_ambn I≠p. Hmtcm kJm-°-fp-sSbpw kpJZpxJ-ß-fn¬ ]¶m-
fn-bm-bn. kvt\lhm’-ey-ßfpsS, aa-X-bpsS ]cym-b-ambn. ÿm]I t\Xmhv, kwÿm\ {]kn- U - ≠ v , A¥¿[mcm ]{Xm-[n-]¿˛Ch-sbms° tIhew Hu]-Nm-cn-I-XIƒ am{Xw. PohnX kmbm-”-Øn¬ ZpxJn-X-\mbncp∂p At±lw. {]ÿm\w Db¿Ønb ap{Zmhm- I y- ß ƒ {]- k - ‡ - a mbn hcp-t¥mdpw kwL-S-\bv°v XpS¿® \jvS-s∏-´-Xns‚ thZ\ At±-l-Øns‚ hm°p-Ifn¬ \ng-en-®p. thZn- Ip-Spw-_Øn\v sI.- k n.`mkv I - c s‚ HkyØv F¥mWv?.AXv Iog-Sß - mØ [nj-Wbpw D]m-[nI-fn-√mØ kvt\lhpw hntZzj-an-√mØ hntbm-Pn-∏p-am-sW∂v- D-d∏ - n®p ]d-bmw. ]c-kv]c hnizm-k-Øn-s‚bpw kvt\lØns‚bpw Nm¥p- s Im≠v Hcp -{]-ÿm\w sI´n Db¿ØpI- b m- s W- ¶ n¬ am{Xw AXv kJm- h n- \ p≈ \nXykvamc-I-ambnØocpw.
ASpØe°w:
sI.kn. `mkvIc≥, ]n.hn.Ipcy≥ A\pkvacW∏Xn∏v
A¥¿[m-c
7
kwhcWØns‚ cmjv{Sobw hyXykvX ]›m-Ø-ehpw `mh-\bpw IpSn-sIm-≈p∂ Ah¿Æ kaq-l-Ønse Bfp-Iƒ°v imkv{Xhpw `mjbpw ]Tn-°p-∂-Xn\v Ah-kcw e`n-°p-tºmƒ Nn¥bp-sSbpw `mh-\b - p-sSbpw ]pXnb Xe-߃ Bhn-jv°cn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xn\v IqSn Ah-kcw krjvSn-°-s∏-Sp-∂p.
PmXn kwh-cWw {]Xn-`-Iƒ°v Ah-k-c-sam-cp-°p∂p tZ-h-\q¿ alm-tZ-h hnh: cPn\m¿°v
ssa
kq-cn¬ X߃°v DtZymK {]mXn\n[yw thW-sa∂ Bh-iy-hp-ambn A[n-Imcw Iøm-fn-bn-cp∂ ]c-tZi {_m“-W¿°v FXncmbn ssakq¿ {_m“-W¿ h∂Xv 135 h¿jw apºm-Wv. ""ssakq¿ ssakq-dn-Iƒ°v'' F∂Xm-bn-cp∂p sl∫m¿ Aø-¶m¿ F∂-dn-b-s∏´ ssakq¿ {_m“-W¿ as‰mcp hn`mKw {_m“W¿°v FXnsc Db¿Ønb ap{Zm- h mIyw. F∂m¬ A[n-Imcw Iøm-fn-bn-cp∂ {_m“W hn`mKw ]d-™Xv ""Ignhpw tbmKy-Xbpw'' F∂ hm°p-I-fm-Wv. {]Xn-tj-[sØ XpS¿∂v ssakq¿ {_m“-W¿°v DtZymKw \¬I-s∏-´p. ]n∂oSv 30 h¿j-Øn\v tijw enwKm-b-ØpIfpw shm°-enwK KuU-Ifpw DtZym-K-]-¶mfnØw Bh-iy-s∏´v apt∂m´v h∂p. C{]mhiyw ssakq¿ {_m“-W¿, 30 h¿jw ap≥]v Ah- t cmSv ]c- t Zin {_m“- W ¿ ]d- ™ Xv Xs∂ enwKm-b-Øp-I-tfmSpw KuU-tcmSpw ]d™p. ""Ignhpw tbmKy-Xbpw'' sXfn-bn®p hcq. Ign-hn-√m-Ø-h¿ h∂m¬ Imcy-£-aX XI-cpw. A[n-Im-c-Øn¬ \n∂v ]pd-Øm-°-s∏-´-h¿ A[n- I m- c - Ø n¬ ]¶m- f nØw Bh- i y- s ∏- S ptºmƒ (PmXn kwh-c-WØn-epw) Bh¿Øn°- s ∏- S p∂ ]√- h n- b mWv ""Ignhpw tbmKyXbpw'' XI-cpw. Htc A£-cß - fpw ]Zhpw D®mc-Whpw am{X-a√, Iui-ehpw H∂v Xs∂. ]nt∂m° PmXn-Iƒ°v kwh-cWw \¬I-
s∏-´-t∏mgpw ]gb ]√hn ho≠pw Bh¿Øn°-s∏-´p, ""Ignhpw tbmKy-Xbpw'' XI-cpw. bYm¿∞-Øn¬ A[n-Imcw Iø-S°n sh®ncn- ° p∂ kh¿Æ PmXn- I - f n¬s∏- ´ - h - c psS khn- t i- j - X bpw IpØ- I - b p- s am- ∂ p- a √ "Ignhpw tbmKy-Xbpw'. Ignhpw PmXnbpw XΩn¬ {]tXyI _‘-sam-∂p-an-√. Ign-hp-≈h¿°v Ah-kcw \ntj-[n-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xn-\m¬ C¥y-bn¬ {]Xn-`-Iƒ kzX-{¥-ambn Nnd-ISn®v ]d-°p-∂n-√. C¥y Zfn-Xt- c-bpw, ]nt∂m° PmXn-I-tfbpw {Kmao-W-tcbpw sXmgn-em-fn-Itfbpw h©n-°p-∂-Xn-emWv _p≤n-ssh-`hw {]I-Sn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. {]Xn- ` bpw _p≤nbpw XΩn- e p≈ hyXymkw C¥y-bn¬ IqSp-X-em-Wv. hyXykvX PmXn-I-fpsS thdn´ ]›m-Ø-e-ß-fm¬ kar≤-amWv C¥y. kh¿Æ-Pm-Xn-bn¬s∏´ Hcmfn\v k©n-X-⁄m\w Bh¿Øn®pcp-hn-´p-d∏n®v _p≤n-am-\m-Imw. F∂m¬ hyXykvX ]›m- Ø - e hpw `mh- \ bpw IpSn- s Im- ≈ p∂ Ah¿Æ kaq- l - Ø nse Bfp- I ƒ°v imkv{Xhpw `mjbpw ]Tn-°p-∂-Xn\v Ah-kcw e`n-°p-tºmƒ Nn¥-bp-sSbpw `mh-\-bp-sSbpw ]pXnb Xe-߃ Bhn-jv°-cn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xn\v IqSn Ah-kcw krjvSn-°-s∏-Sp-∂p. Ah¿Æ¿°v Ah- k - c - ß ƒ \¬I- s ∏- S p- t ºmƒ _p≤n-am≥amsc am{X-a√ [mcmfw auenI {]Xn-`-Isf krjvSn-°m≥ CXv hgn-sbm-cp°pw. AXp-sIm≠v PmXn kwh-cWw {]Xn-`Iƒ°p≈ Ah-k-c-sam-cp-°epw IqSn-bm-Wv. tUm.-A-\-¥-aq¿Øn AXv H‰ hmIy-Øn-e-hX-cn-∏n-®p. ""F√m PmXn-Iƒ°pw Ah-kcw \¬I-s∏-´m¬ C¥y {]Xn-`-I-fpsS kmK-camIpw.'' ({]-apJ temly-˛-Aw-t_-ZvI¿ Nn¥-I\pw I∂S ZfnX kmlnXy Ipe-]-Xnbpw, I¿Æm-SI ZfnX kwL¿j kanXn ÿm]I t\Xm-hp-am-Wv teJ-I≥)
8
A¥¿[m-c
kwhcWØns‚ cmjv{Sobw
kmº-ØnI kwh-c-W-a√; CXv kh¿ÆPmXn kwh-cWw hn -B¿ -tPm-jn
Zm
cn-{Zy-Øn-s‚bpw ]´n-Wn-bp-sSbpw a‰p IjvS-∏m-Sp-I-fp-sSbpw t]cp-]-d-™mWv DtZymK-ta-J-e-bn¬ kh¿W-k-ap-Zm-b-߃°v {]mXn\n[yw h¿≤n-∏n-°p-hm-\p≈ \S-]Sn kmº-ØnI-kw-h-cWw F∂ ad-hn¬ `c-W-L-S\ t`ZKXn sNbvXp- s Im≠v tI{μ- k ¿°mcpw AXn\pw Hcp-h¿jw aptº tZh-kzw-t_m¿Uv hgn tIc-f-k¿°mcpw \S∏m°n-b-Xv. ]mh-߃°pw IjvS-X-b-\p-`-hn-°p-∂h¿°pw Zcn-{Z¿°pw AXn\p ]cn-lm-c-ambn F¥p kmº-ØnI klm-b-ßfpw \¬Ip-∂Xnt\m t£a-{]-h¿Ø-\-߃ e`y-am-°p-∂Xnt\m Bcpw FXn-c-√. ]n∂m-°-k-ap-Zm-b-ßtf-°mƒ sa®-s∏´ hnZym-`ymk klm-bhpw kmº-ØnI klm-bhpw t£a-{]-h¿Ø-\ßfpw k¿°m-dp-Iƒ \S-Øn-bn´pw ]n∂m-°k-ap-Zm-b-߃ AXns\ FXn¿°m-ØXv AXpsIm≠pXs∂-bm-Wv. H.-_n.-kn. hn`mKw Ip´nIƒ°v 1000 cq] kvtImf¿jn∏v \¬Ip-tºmƒ kh¿W- k - a p- Z m- b - ß ƒ°v 2000 cq]bmWv \¬In-bn-cp-∂-Xv. BZn-hm-kn-Iƒ°v hoSv \∂m°m≥ 50,000 cq] am{Xw A\p-h-Zn-°p-tºmgpw A{K-lm-c-ß-fnse {_m“-W¿°v 5,00,000 cq] A\p-h-Zn-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. ]´n-I-Pm-Xn-°m¿°v hnhm-l-[-\-k-lm-bambn 75,000 cq]-bmWv A\p-h-Zn-°p-∂-Xv. AXn-\p≈ hcp-am-\-]-cn[n 1 e£w cq]-bm-Wv. AtX ÿm\Øv ap∂m°-Pm-Xn-bn¬s]´h¿°v 1 e£w cq]-bmWv A\p-h-Zn-°p-∂-Xv. AXn-\p≈ hcp-am-\-]-cn[n 3 e£w cq]-bpw. GXv kmºØnI klmb ]≤-Xn-sbbpw A\p-Iq-en-°p-∂Xpw X߃°v Ipd-hm-bn´pw FXn¿°m-Xn-cn-°p-∂Xpw ]n∂m°-k-ap-Zm-b-ß-fpsS kln-jvWp-X-bp-sSbpw kwb- a - \ - Ø n- s ‚bpw kl- h ¿Øn- X z- Ø n-
s‚bpw ^e-am-bm-Wv. Cu ISpØ hnth-N\w s]mXp-k-aqlw Xncn-®-dn-b-Ww. F∂m¬, DtZym-K-ta-J-e-bn-te°v k¿°m¿ ]mh-ß-fpsS ad-hn¬ IS-∂p-I-b-dp-∂Xv kzmX-{¥y-Øns‚ taep≈ IS-∂p-I-b-‰-am-Wv. AXp- s Im- ≠ mWv kmº- Ø n- I - k w- h - c - W -
Øns‚ ad- h n¬ ]n∂m- ° - k - a p- Z m- b ßfpsS ]¶m- f nØw Ipd- h p- s N- ø m- \ p≈ \o°sØ FXn¿°p-∂-Xv. Ct∏mƒ \S-∏m-°n-bn-cn-°p∂ kwh-cWw cmPyw `cn-°p∂ _n.-sP.-]n. k¿°mcpw tIcf-Ønse CS-Xp-]£ k¿°mcpw {]N-cn-∏n-°p∂-Xp-t]mse kmº-Øn-I-kw-h-c-W-a-√. kmºØn-I-kw-h-cWw F∂m¬ kº-Øns‚ ASnÿm- \ - Ø n¬ ]mh- s ∏- ´ - h - c m- b n- ´ p≈ F√mh¿°pw e`y- a m- I p∂ Hcp hyh- ÿ - b m- W v . F∂m¬ Cu kwh-c-W-Øn¬ ]mh-s∏-´-h-cmb ]´n-I-PmXn/h¿§-°m-scbpw a‰p ]n∂m-°-k-ap-
A¥¿[m-c
9
Zm-b-°m-scbpw Hgnhm-°n-bn-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. AYhm am‰n- \ n- d p- Ø n- b n- c n- ° p- I - b m- W v . Ign™ \q‰m- ≠ n¬ DtZym- K - Ø n¬\n∂pw hnZym-`ymk Ah-k-c-Øn¬ \n∂pw ]n∂m-°k-ap-Zm-b-ßsf am‰n-\n¿Ønb AtX \bw Xs∂-bmWv CXpw. AXm-bXv ]gb NmXp¿h¿Wy hyh- ÿ - b psS ]p\x- ÿ m- ] - \ hpw Abn-Øm-N-cWw F∂ am‰n-\n¿Ø¬ \S-]Sn-bpw. Cu kwh-c-W-Øn¬\n∂pw ]n∂m-°hn-`m-K-ßsf Hgnhm°n, AXn-\¿∞w CXv ap∂m-°-Pm-Xn-Iƒ°v am{XamWv F∂m-Wv. ap∂m-°-Pm-Xn-Iƒ F∂m¬ ]gb NmXp¿h¿Wy hyh-ÿ-bn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-∂-h¿, AXmbXv kh¿W-Pm-Xn-Iƒ. AXn-\m¬ Cu kwhcWw kmº- Ø n- I - k w- h - c - W - a - √ , kh¿WPmXn kwh-c-W-am-Wv.
CXv ]mh-s∏-´h - ¿°p-≈X - √ - , e£-{]-`p-°ƒ°p-≈-Xm-Wv: ]mh-s∏-´-h-cpsS t]cn¬ \S-∏m-°nb kwh-c-W-Ønse ]mh-ß-fm-bn-´p-≈-h¿ C\n ]d-bp-∂-h-cmWv. (1) ]©m-bØv {]tZ-i-ß-fn¬ c≠c G°¿ hsc hkvXp D≈ Bfp-Iƒ. (2) \K-c-k`m {]tZ-i-ß-fn¬ 75 sk‚ v hsc `qan-bp-≈-h¿. (3) tIm¿∏-td-j≥ {]tZ-i-ß-fn¬ 50 sk‚ v hsc `qan D≈-h¿. (4) {]Xn-amkw 33,333 cq] AYhm Hcph¿jw 4 e£w cq] hsc hcp-am-\-ap-≈-h¿. apI-fn¬ ]cma¿in® hkvXp aq∂p {]tZi-ß-fn-epw-IqSn c≠c G°¿ Ihn-bm-Xn-cp∂mepw ]mh-s]-´-h-cpsS ]´n-I-bn¬ hcpw. AXm-bXv tIm¿∏-td-j-\n¬ 50 sk‚pw ap\nkn-∏m-en-‰n-bn¬ 75 sk‚pw IqSn Ht∂-Im¬ G°dpw ]pdta ]©m-bØv {]tZ-iØv Ht∂Im¬ G°dpw IqSn Ds≠-¶nepw H∏w \mepe£w cq] hm¿jn-I-h-cp-am\w Ds≠-¶nepw Ah¿ k¿°m-cns‚ IW-°n¬ ]mh-s∏-´hcpw kwh-c-W-Øn\v A¿l-cp-am-Wv. Xncp-h-\-¥-]p-cw, Xriq¿, sIm®n, tImgnt°mSv XpS-ßnb tIm¿∏-td-j-\p-I-fn¬ Hcp sk‚ v `qan°v G‰hpw Ipd-™Xv 25 e£w cq]-sb-¶nepw hne-bp-≠v. 50 sk‚ v hkvXp Ds≠-¶n¬ 12.5 tImSn-bpsS [\m-Vy-\m-Wv. ap\n-kn-∏m-en-‰n-bn-sebpw ]©m-b-Øn-sebpw IqsS hkvXp-hns‚ hne Iq´n-bm¬ Cbmƒ iX-tIm-So-iz-c-\m-Ipw. Ch¿°mWv ]mh-ßfpsS ad- h n- e p≈ kwh- c - W w. F¥p- s Im≠mWv _n.-]n.-F¬. enÃpw CXc Zcn-{Z-hn-`mK-ßfpw InS-∏m-S-an-√m-Ø-hcpw H∏w sse^v
10
A¥¿[m-c
anjs‚ ]´n-I-bn-ep-≈-hcpw k¿°m-cns‚ I¨sh-´-Øp-≠m-bn´pw Cu iX-tIm-So-iz-c∑m-scbpw e£-{]-`p-°-sfbpw am{Xw ]mhß-fmbn Is≠-Øn-b-sX∂v kaq-l-tØmSv ]d-b-Ww. ]mh-ß-tfmSv IcpW D≈-h-cm-sW¶n¬ DtZym-K-kw-h-c-Whpw hnZym-`ym-k-ta-Je- b nse kwh- c - W - h p- a √ \S- ∏ m- t °- ≠ - X v . kmº- Ø nI klm- b hpw CX- c - t£- a - { ]h¿Ø-\-ßfpw BWv th≠n-bn-cp-∂-Xv.
ISp-Ip-a-Wn-tbm-f-a-√, \jvS-s∏-Sp-∂Xv B\-Ø-e-tbmfw kh¿W-PmXn kwh-cWw ]mh-s∏-´-hcpsS ad-hn¬ \S-∏m-°-s∏-Sp-tºmƒ \ne-hn¬ kwh-cWw A\p-`-hn-°p∂ ]n∂m-°-k-ap-Zmb-߃°v kwh-c-W-tXm-Xntem \ne-hn¬ e`y-am-Ip∂ Ah-k-c-ß-fntem Hcp "ISp-Ipa-Wn-'tbmfw t]mepw \jvS-ap-≠m-Ip-∂n√ F∂mWv k¿°m¿ {]N-cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. AtXmsSm∏w kwh-cWkap-Zm-b-߃°v \o°n- sh®n-´p≈ Ah-k-c-߃°pw ]Z-hn-Iƒ°pw tijw Ah-ti-jn-°p∂ s]mXp-hn-`m-K-Øn¬ (Hm-∏¨ tIzm´ AYhm P\-d¬ sadn-‰v) \n∂pamWv kh¿Whn`m-K-Ønse 10 iX-am\w ]mh-߃°v kwh-cWw A\p-h-Zn-°p-∂Xv F∂p-am-Wv. F∂m¬ C{]-Imcw s]mXp-kaq-l-tØmSv ]d-bp-Ibpw hni-Zo-I-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂-Xn-\n-S-bn¬ \S-∏m-°nb DØ-chv ]d™-Xn\pw hni-Zo-I-cn-®-Xn\pw IS-I-hn-cp-≤am-Wv. hmkvX-h-Øn¬ Hm-∏¨ tIzm´ AYhm P\-d¬ sadn-‰v F∂p-≈Xv kh¿W-k-ap-Zmb-߃°v am{X-ap-≈-X-√, AXv Fkv.kn/ Fkv.-Sn, H.-_n.-kn. XpSßn F√m-h¿°pwIqSn A¿l-amb Xpd∂ a’c CS-am-Wv.
Hm∏¨ tIzm´-bn¬ \n∂√ samØw ko‰n¬\n∂pw 10 iX-am\w FSpØp lb¿ sk°-≠dn taJ-e-bn¬ \S-∏m°nb {]th-i\ \S-]S- n-bn¬Xs∂ CXv hy‡am-Wv. lb¿ sk°- ≠ dn taJ- e - b n¬ k¿°m¿ kvIqfp-I-fn¬ BsI-bp≈ ko‰p-Iƒ ˛1,62,815 Cugh/Xob/_n√h AS°- a p≈ H._n.kn/Fkv.-C.-_n.-kn. hn`m-K-߃°p≈ kwh-cWw ˛ 28% ]´nI hn`m-K-߃°v ˛ 20% Hm∏¨ Izm´-/P\-d¬ sadn‰v ˛ 52% AXmbXv ˛ 84,664 ko‰p-Iƒ CXns‚ 10 iX-am-\-sa-∂m¬ ˛ 8,466 F∂m¬, ap∂m- ° - k - a p- Z m- b - ß ƒ°v \o°n-h®Xv ˛ 16,711 ko‰p-Iƒ
k¿°m¿ hni-Zo-I-cn-®-X-\p-k-cn-®m-sW¶n¬ \o°n- h - b v t °- ≠ n- b n- c p- ∂ Xv 8,466. F∂m¬ \o°n-h-®Xv samØw ko‰n-s‚bpw 10% F∂p-]-d™v sImSp-ØXv 16,711 ko‰p-Iƒ. AXm-bXv samØw ko‰n-s‚bpw 10% tØ°mƒ 400 e[nIw ko‰p-Iƒ IqSp-X¬.
kwh-c-W-k-ap-Zm-b-߃°v Ah-kcw Ipdbp-∂n√ F∂ k¿°m¿ hmZhpw X´n-∏v Fs¥-∂m¬ kh¿W-PmXn kwh-cWw D≠m-Ip-∂-Xn\p apºv Cugh/Xob/_n√h kap-Zm-b-߃°v 100-˛¬ 8 ko‰n\p ]pdsa s]mXp-hn-`m-K-Øn-ep≈ 52 ko‰p-I-fn-te°v IqSp-X¬ am¿°v e`n-®m¬ A¿l-Xbpw Ahk-chpw D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. F∂m¬ kh¿W-PmXn-Iƒ°v 100-˛¬ 10 ko‰v \o°n-b-t∏mƒ Cu Ah-k-chpw A¿l-Xbpw Cugh/Xob/_n√h- hn-`m-K-߃°v 42 Bbn Ipd-™p. ap∂m- ° - h n- ` m- K - ß - t f- ° mƒ IqSp- X ¬ Ah-k-c-߃ ]n∂m-°-k-ap-Zm-b-߃°v \mfnXp-hsc Dd-∏m-°n-bn-cp-∂p. F∂m¬ Ct∏mƒ ap∂m-°-hn-`m-K-߃°v ]n∂m-°-hn-`m-K-ß-tf°mƒ Ah-kcw IqSp-X-em-Wv. lb¿ sk°≠-dn-bn¬ Xs∂ AXp hy‡w. Ah¿°v 100˛¬ 52 Ah-k-cw e`y-am-Ip-∂p. AXm-bXv Cugh/Xob/_n√-h- hn-`m-K-߃°v BsI 50 Ah-k-c-ambpw ap…ow hn`m-K-߃°v 49 Ahk-c-ambpw CXc ]n∂m-°-hn-`m-K-߃°v kam\-amb Ipd-hp-amWv ]pXnb kwh-c-W-\-b-ØneqsS kwPm-X-am-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. 100 ko‰p-Iƒ am{Xw FSp-°p-tºm-gp≈ IW°mWv CsX∂p Xncn-®-dn-bp-I. ]Xn-\m-bn-chpw e£-hp-saØp- t ºmƒ D≠m- I p∂ Ipdhv F{X- s b∂v IW-°p-Iq-´p-I.
A\ymb X´n∏v Ign-™ -h¿jw apX¬ \S-∏m°n Ign-™-h¿jw kwÿm\k¿°m¿ Fw._n.-_n.-F-kn\v k¿°m¿ saUn-°¬ tImtfPpI-fn¬ kh¿W-k-ap-Zm-b-߃°v hnX-cWw sNbvX ko‰p-I-fpsS IW-°p-Iƒ IqSn ]cntim-[n-°p-tºmƒ am{X-amWv F{X \oNhpw \nμy-hp-amb \ne-bn-emWv ]n∂m-°-hn-`mKßsf t{Zmln-°pIbpw NXn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXsX∂v Xncn-®-dn-bp-∂-Xv. Ign- ™ - h ¿jw k¿°m¿ saUn- ° ¬ tImtf-Pp-I-fn¬ BsI-bp-≠m-bn-cp∂ ko‰pIƒ ˛ 1555 AJn-te¥ym tIzm´-bmbn tI{μ-k¿°mcn\v \o°n-h-®Xv ˛ 423 ]me-°mSv saUn. tImtf-Pv (]´n-I-hn-`m-
K-߃°p am{Xw) ˛ 85 Ah-tijn® ko‰p-Iƒ ˛ 1047 Fkv.-C.-_n.-kn. (Cugh/Xob/_n√-h AS°w) kwh-cWw 30% ˛ 314 Fkv.-kn./Fkv.-Sn. kwh-cWw 10% ˛105 Hm∏¨ tIz´/P\-d¬ tIzm´ [1047 ˛ 419 (314 + 105)] ˛ 628 AXns‚ 10% F∂m¬ 62.8 = 63 ko‰v (]-c-am-h-[n) F∂m¬ A\p-h-Zn-®Xv ˛ 130 k¿°m¿ ]d-™-X-\p-k-cn®v Hm∏¨ tIzm´/P\-d¬ sadn-‰ns‚ 10% F∂m¬ 63 ko‰mWv ]c-am-h[n \¬Im-\m-Ip-am-bn-cp-∂-Xv. F∂m¬ F√m \ymb-ß-sfbpw \oXn-sbbpw A´n-a-dn-®p-sIm≠v 130 ko‰p-Iƒ \¬Ip-I-bp≠m-bn. B ÿm\Øv Cug-h-k-ap-Zm-b-Øn\v 94 ko‰pw ap…ow kap-Zm-b-߃°v 84 ko‰pw a‰v ]n∂m° lnμp-°ƒ°v 31 ko‰pw H.-_n.-
kn. kap- Z m- b - ß fnse a‰v hn`m- K - ß ƒ°v AXnepw Ipd™ ko‰p-I-fp-amWv e`n-®-Xv. C{]-Imcw 130 ko‰p-Iƒ kh¿W-k-apZm-b-߃°v \¬In-b-t∏mƒ AXv e`n® ap∂m°- k - a p- Z m- b - ß - f psS dm¶pw Ah¿s°m∏w {]th-i\w e`n® ]n∂m-°-k-ap-Zm-b-ß-fpsS dm¶pw {i≤n-°p-I. Fw.-_n.-_n.-F-kn\v Cugh-k-ap-Zm-b-Ønse 1654-˛masØ dm¶v hsc-bp≈- h ¿°v am{X- a mWv {]th- i \w e`n- ® - X v . ap…ow hn`m-K-Ønse 1417-˛masØ dm¶p-Imc\pw H.-_n.-F-®v. hn`m-K-Ønse 1771-˛masØ dm¶p-Im-c\pw ]n∂m-°-˛-{In-kvXy≥ hn`m-KØnse 4492-˛masØ dm¶p-Im-c\pw hniz-I¿Ω hn`m-K-Ønse 2038-˛masØ dm¶p-Im-c\pw hsc {]th-i\w In´n-b-t∏mƒ 8461-˛masØ dm¶p-Imc-\mb kh¿W PmXn-°m-c\v Fw.-_n.-_n.-Fkn\v {]th-i\w e`n-®p. hnZym-`ymk taJ-e-bn¬ hnhn[ tImgvkpIƒ°v ]e-hn-[-amb kwh-c-W-tXm-XmWv \ne-
A¥¿[m-c
11
hn-ep-≈-Xv. ]c-am-h[n 50 iX-am\w kwhcWw A\p-h-Zn-°m-sa∂ ÿnXn D≠m-bn-cps∂-¶nepw Un{Kn tImgvkp-Iƒ°pw bqWnth-gvkn‰n tImgvkp-Iƒ°pw BsI 20 iXam\w am{X-amWv H.-_n.-kn. kwh-c-W-ap-≈Xv. _ncp-Zm-\¥ - c - _ - n-cpZ saUn-°¬ tImgvkpIƒ°v tIhew 9 iX-am-\hpw _ncp-Zm-\¥-c-_n-cpZ F≥Pn-\o-b-dnwKv tImgvkp-Iƒ°v shdpw 5 iX-am-\hpw am{X-amWv kwh-c-Ww. kh¿W-Pm-Xn-Iƒ°v 10 iX-am\w kwhcWw \nb- a - h n- c p- ≤ - a mbn A\p- h - Z n- ° m≥ Xøm-dmb tIcfk¿°m¿ ]n∂m-°-hn-`m-Kß-fpsS kwh-c-W-tXmXv Ipd-hp-≈n-SØv 50 iX-am-\-ambn Db¿Øm≥ t]mepw Xøm-dmbn√ F∂-Xpw {]Xn-tj-[m¿l-am-Wv. Cu kμ¿`- Ø n- e mWv A[n- I m- c Øns‚ {]Xo-I-amb DtZym-K-ta-J-e-bn-te°v kwh-cWw kh¿W-k-ap-Zm-b-߃°v A\ph-Zn-°m≥ k¿°m¿ \S-]Sn kzoI-cn-®-Xv. P\m-[n-]Xy k¿°m-cp-Iƒ hcp-∂X - n-\p-ap-ºpXs∂ {]mXn-\n-[y-Øn-\mbn {]tXyI kwhcWw ]n∂m-°-hn-`m-K-߃°v tIc-f-Øn¬ \S-∏m-°n-bn-cp∂p. tIc-f-cq-]o-I-c-W-Øn-\ptijw P\m-[n-]-Xy-k¿°m¿ \S-∏m-°nb kwh- c - W - Ø n- e qsS ]n∂m- ° - k - a p- Z m- b ߃°v e`n® ]¶m-fnØw PÃokv \tc{μ≥ IΩo-j≥ 2002-˛¬ ]cn-tim[n°p-I-bp-
12
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≠m-bn. kwh-cW - t- Xm-Xn-s\m∏w t]mepw ]¶mfnØw D≠m-bn-´n√ F∂mWv At\z-jWdnt∏m¿´v shfn-hm-°p-∂-Xv. DtZymK ]Z-hn-Ifn¬ 52 iX-am-\hpw Ct∏mgpw ssIhiw hbv ° p- ∂ Xv P\- k w- J y- b n¬ 20 iX- a m- \ Øn¬ Xmsg am{Xw hcp∂ kh¿W-k-ap-Zmb-ß-fm-sW-∂mWv PÃokv sI.-sI. \tc{μs‚ dnt∏m¿´n¬ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-≈-Xv. tI{μ-k¿°m-cns‚ DtZym-K-ta-J-e-bnse ]n∂m-°-k-ap-Zmb ]¶m-fn-Ø-Øns‚ ÿnXnbpw Aß-s\-X-s∂-bm-Wv. AJn-te¥ymSnÿm- \ - Ø n¬ tI{μ- k ¿°m¿ DtZym- K ߃°v H.-_n.-kn. hn`m-K-߃°v kwh-cWw e`y-ambn XpS-ßp-∂Xv kzmX{¥yw t\Sn 46 h¿j-߃°p-w `c-W-L-S\ \ne-hn¬h∂v 43 h¿j-߃°pw tijw am{X-am-Wv. AXm-bXv 1993-˛se afi¬tI-knse hn[n-sb-Øp-S¿∂v 8.9.1993 apX¬ am{X-am-Wv. tI{μ hnZym-`ymk ÿm]-\-ßfn¬ (AIIMS, IIT, IIM, tI{μ k¿ΔI-em-im-e-Iƒ XpS-ßn-b-h) H.-_n.-kn. hn`mK-߃°v {]th-i-\-Øn¬ kwh-cWw A\ph-Zn-®p-Xp-S-ßn-bXv 2008 apX¬ am{X-am-Wv. Ggp ]Xn- ‰ m- ≠ mbn kwh- c Ww A\p- h - Z n°p∂p, AXv \n¿Øm≥ ka-b-ambn Fs∂ms° Bt{Im-in-°p∂ cmjv{Sob t\Xm-°fpw kap-Zmb t\Xm-°fpw Cu kXyw Xncn-®-dnb-Ww. H∏w ]¶m-fnØw kw_-‘n® C\-n∏d-bp∂ IW-°p-I-fpw. afi¬ dnt∏m¿´v {]Imcw C¥y-bnse 52 iX-am\w hcp∂ H.-_n.-kn. hn`m-K-߃°v DtZym-Kÿ taJ-e-bn-ep-≠m-bn-cp∂ ]¶mfnØw 4.69 iX-am\w am{X-am-bn-cp-∂p. 1993 apX¬ 27 iX-am\w kwh-cWw 25 h¿jw A\p-hZ- n-®n´pw 2019-˛¬ temIvk` - b - nse ]n∂m°- h n- ` mK t£a- Ø n- \ p- ≈ ]m¿e- s a‚dn IΩ‰n apºmsI k¿°m¿ \¬Inb IW-°\p-kc - n®v H.-_n.-kn. hn`m-Kß - ƒ°v BsI e`n®Xv 13 iX-am\w ]¶m-fn-Øw am{X-am-Wv. Cu hkvXp-X-Iƒ IqSn hne-bn-cp-Øn-s°m-≠mhWw kh¿W-PmXn kwh-c-WsØ t\m°n°m-Wp-hm≥. AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ ]Z-hn-Ifnepw Ah-k-c-ß-fnepw `c-W-L-S\ A\p-imkn-°p∂ kaXzw C√m-Xm-°p∂ Cu kwhcW DØ-c-hns\ sNdp-Øp-tXm-ev]n-°pI F∂Xv kmaq-lnI\oXn B{K-ln-°p∂ P\m[n-]-Xy-hn-izm-kn-I-fmb GXp ]uc-s‚bpw IS-a-bm-Wv. AXv kzmX-{¥y-Øns‚ \ne-\nev]n\pw kmaq-lnI \oXn-bpsS kwc-£-WØn\pw A\n-hm-cy-am-Wv. (te-J-I≥ ]nt∂m-°-hn-`mK hnI-k-\-h-Ip∏v ap≥ Ub-d-IvS¿ BWv)
kwhcWØns‚ cmjv{Sobw
PmXn kwh-cWw: `c-W-L-S-\-bpsS hmKvZm\w s{]m^.F≥ kn l-cn-Zm-k≥
a\p-jy-k-aq-l-Øns‚ ]cnWm- a - Ø n- \ n- S - b n¬ cq]- s ∏´ kmaq- l nI hn`- P \w GXms≠√m kaq-l-ß-fnepw ImW-s∏-Sp-∂p-≠v. enwK-]-Z-hn, h¿§w, h¿Æw, imco- c n- I mhÿ F∂n-h-sbms° ]e kaq- l - ß - f nepw hnth- N - \ Øn\v Imc-W-am-bn-Øo¿∂n-cn°p-∂p. Imew apt∂m´p t]mIp- ∂ - t XmsS ]e- X n- s ‚bpw Xo{hX Ipd-™p. NneXv a‰v Nne-Xn\v hgn-am-dn. ]pXn-bXv NneXv Db¿∂p h∂p. CØ-cØn- e p≈ hnth- N - \ - ß sf km[q-I-cn-°p∂ \nb-a-߃ hsc krjvSn-°p-Ibpw \S-∏nem- ° - s ∏- S p- I bpw sNbv X Xv a[y-Imew hsc-bp≈ temIN-cn-{X-Øn¬ ImWm≥ Ignbpw. Ch A¿Y- i q- \ y- a msW∂ t_m[hpw hfsc aptº Xs∂ Nne Nn¥-I-∑m¿ {]I-Sn-∏n-®Xpw CtXm-sSm∏w {]k-‡-am-Wv. F¶nepw B[p-\nI Zi-bn-emWv Chbv°v BtKm- f - X - e - Ø n¬ kzoImcyX e`n®p XpS-ßn-b-Xv. a\p-jy-sc√mw Xpey-cmsW∂pw {]IrXn hn`hßfn¬ F√m-h¿°pw Xpey-amb hnlnXw A¿ln-°p-∂p-s≠∂p-ap≈ Bi-b-amWv P\m-[n]-Xy-Øn-s‚bpw tkmjy-enk-Øn-t‚bpw ASn-∏S- h - m-bp-≈Xv. CXv {]tbm-K-Øn¬ hcp-
Øp- ∂ - X n- \ m- b p≈ [mcmfw ]≤- X n- I ƒ Bkq- { XWw sNbvXv \S-∏n-em-t°-≠-XmsW∂ t_m[y- a mWv ]cnjvIrX cmjv{S-ß-fpsS `c-WL-S-\-I-fnepw \nb-a-ß-fnepw Dƒs°m- ≈ n® kmaq- l nI kpc£m ]≤-Xn-Iƒ. hnhn[ kaq-l-ß-fn¬ \ne-hn-ep≈ kmaq-lnI \oXn-bpsS ASnÿm-\Ø - n-ep≈ kwh-cW - m-hIm- i hpw Zmcn- { Zy- \ n¿Ωm¿÷\ ]≤- X n- I fpw CØ- c samcp Xncn-®-dn-hns‚ ^e-amsW∂v ImWmw. kmaq- l nI Imc- W - ß fm¬ kaq-l-Øns‚ Hmc-ß-
fn-te°v X≈n-\o-°-s∏´ P\hn-`m-K-߃°v Poh-t\m-]m-[nI-fpw, hnZym-`ym-khpw tPmenbpw \¬In s]mXp-k-aq-lØns‚ `mK- a mbn am‰p- I bmWv CXp-hgn km[y-am-°p∂-Xv. kaq-l-Øns‚ ]n∂mºp-d-ß-fn¬ PohnXw Icp-∏nSn-∏n®p sIm≠n-cn-°p∂ P\hn- ` m- K - ß ƒ°v aXn- b mb {]mXn-\n[yw \¬I-W-sa∂ kmaq-lnI \oXn-bpsS ASnÿm-\Ø - n-ep≈ hnZym-`ym-kmh-Im-i-ß-fpw sXmgn-e-h-Im-ißfpw \¬Ip∂ ]≤-Xn-Iƒ, bqtdm-]y≥ cmjv{S-ß-fnepw Ata-cn-°-bnepw t]mkn-‰o-hv,
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13
A^¿ta-‰ohv BIvj≥ F∂n-ß-s\-bp≈ t]cp-I-fn¬ Adn-b-s∏-Sp∂p. alm-cm-jv{S-bnse tIm¬lm-∏q-cn¬ almflm ^qsebpsS Bi- b - ß - f n¬ \n∂v {]tNm-Z\w Dƒs°m≠v O{X]Xn jmlp alm-cmPv Xs‚ cmPyØv A[x-Ir-X¿ F∂v hnfn- ° - s ∏- ´ - h ¿°v AºXv iX-am\w tPmen kwh-c-Wmh-Imiw \¬I-W-sa∂v Xocpam- \ n- ® Xv Ccp- ] Xmw \q‰m≠ns‚ XpS-°-Øn¬ ˛ 1902 emWv. Cu hn`m-K-ß-fn¬s∏´-h-cpsS \nb-a\w ]q¿Øn-bmb-ti-jta a‰p hn`m-K-ß-fn¬ s]Sp- ∂ - h sc \nb- a n- ° m≥ ]mSp≈q F∂v \n¿_‘w ]nSn-®Xv At±-l-Øns‚ BZ¿i-am-lmflyw hnfn-t®m-Xp∂p. ]e \m´p-cm-Py-ß-fnepw {_n´ojv `c- W - { ]- t Z- i - ß fnepw kaq- l - Ø n¬ \n∂v ]n¥-≈-s∏´ P\-hn-`m-K-߃°v hnZym-`ym-kØ - n\pw sXmgnen\pw {]tXyI ]cn-K-W\ \¬In- s b- ¶ nepw AXn- s \Xnsc ISpØ FXn¿∏p-Ifpw t\cn-tS≠nh∂p-sh-∂-XmWv C¥y- b psS Ncn- { X- Ø nse G‰hpw Ibv ] p‰ bmYm¿∞yw. C¥y-°m-cpsS t_m[a-WvU-e-Øn¬ ASn-bp-d-®pt]mb PmXn- t _m- [ - a mWv CXn\v ]n∂n-se-∂-Xn¬ kwi-b-an-√. Cß-s\-sbmcp a\pjy≥ Pohn-®n-cp-s∂∂v hcpw Xe-apd hniz-kn-s®∂p hcn√ F∂v sF≥Ão≥ A¤pXw Iqdn-bXv Bsc-°p-dn-®m-tWm, B Km‘nPn hsc h¿Æhyhÿ icnsb∂v IcpXnbncp∂p. _lp-kw-kvIm-cß - f - psS IqSm-c-amb C¥y-bn¬ \q‰m≠p- I - f mbn \ne- \ n- ∂ n- c p∂ PmXym-‘X krjvSn® a\pjy-Xz-hn-cp-≤X kz¥w PohnXm-\p-`-h-ß-fn¬ \n∂v a\- nem-°m≥ km[n® tUm.-Aw-
14
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a-\p-jy-sc-√mw Xp-ey-cmsW-∂pw {]-Ir-Xn hn-`-hß-fn¬ F-√m-h¿-°pw Xp-ey-am-b hn-ln-Xw A¿ln-°p-∂p-s≠-∂p-ap-≈ B-i-b-am-Wv P-\m-[n-]Xy-Øn-s‚-bpw tkm-jyen-kØ - n-t‚-bpw A-Sn-∏S-hm-bp-≈X - .v C-Xv {]-tbmK-Øn¬ h-cp-Øp-∂-Xn\m-bp-≈ [m-cm-fw ]-≤Xn- I ƒ B- k q- { X- W w sN-bvX - v \-S∏ - n-em-t°-≠Xm-sW-∂ t_m-[y-am-Wv ]-cn-jv-Ir-X cm-jv-{S-ßfp-sS `-c-W-L-S-\-I-fnepw \n-b-a-ß-fn-epw Dƒs°m-≈n-® km-aq-ln-I kp-c-£m ]-≤-Xn-Iƒ. t_-ZvI¿°v Km‘n-Pn-tbm-Sp≠m- b n- c p∂ {][m\ A`n{]mb hyXymkw PmXn hnthN-\-Øns‚ {]iv\-ß-fp-ambn _‘-s∏-´-Xm-Wv. H∂mw h´tai ktΩ-f-\-Øn¬ sh®v, ZenXv hn`m-K-߃°v am{Xw thm´-h-Im-i-ap≈ {]tXyI kwh- c - W - a - W v U - e - ß ƒ°v th≠n-bp≈ Awt_-ZvI-dpsS Bhiyw {_n´ojv Kh¨sa‚ v AwKo-I-cn-®-Xn-s\-ØpS¿∂mWv Km‘nPn acWw hsc \ncm-lmcw A\p-jvTn°p-∂Xpw HØp-Xo¿∏v hyhÿ-bpsS `mK-ambn {]tXyI \ntbm- P I aWv U - e - h mZw Dt]-£n®v ]q\ DS-ºSn Awt_- Z v I ¿ AwKo- I - c n- ® - X pw. AsXXpS¿∂mWv 1935 se C¥ym BIvSv {]Imcw ]´nI-PmXn ]´n-I-h¿§ enÃv \nehn¬ h∂-Xv. `c-W-L-S\m \n¿ΩmW
kanXn A[y- £ ≥ F∂ \ne-bn¬ tUm.-Aw-t_-ZvI¿°v ]´n-I-PmXn ]´n-I-h¿§ kwh-c-Wm-h-Imiw ÿm]ns®-Sp-°m≥ Ign-™p. PmXn F∂ C¥y-bpsS im]w krjvSn® kmaq-lnI hnth-N\w kºØpw hnZybpw A[n-Imchpw C√m-Ø-h-cm°n ]pdw-X≈nb P\-X-bmWv kwh-cmWm-h-Im-i-Øn\v A¿l-X-bp≈-h-cmbn `c-W-L-S\m \n¿ΩmW kanXn Is≠-Øn-bXv. A[n-Im-c-Øns‚ taJ-ebn¬ \n∂v B´n-tbm-Sn-°s - ∏´ P\-X°v \¬Inb {]Xn-\n-[m\-amWv kmap-Zm-bnI kwh-cWw. kzmX- { ¥y- e - _ v [ n- ° ptijw Ggp ]Xn-‰m≠p ]n∂n´n´pw C¥y≥ `c-W-Iq-Sm-[nIm- c - ÿ m- \ - ß - f n¬ kwh- c Wm-h-Imiw e`n-®n´pw P\kw-Jym-\p-]m-Xn-I-ambn A¿l-X-s∏´ {]mXn-\n[yw ZenXv BZn-hmkn P\-X°v e`n-®n´n√ F∂mWv IW-°p-Iƒ kqNn- ∏ n- ° p- ∂ - X v . Periodic labour force survey- NSSO 201718 {]Imcw ]´nI h¿§ {]mXn-
\n[yw˛42, ap…ow {]mXn\n[yw ˛64 F∂n-ßs\ Ipd™ Af-hn-em-Wp-≈-Xv. tIcf imkv { X- k m- l nXy ]cnjØv 2004, 2006 h¿j-ß-fn¬ \S-Ønb tIcf ]T-\-Øn¬ ]´n-I-PmXn {]mXn-\n[yw ˛ 22, ]´n-I-h¿§w ˛49.5, ap…ow ˛136, a‰v ]nt∂m° lnμp˛41 F∂nßs\ Ipd™ Af- h n- e msW-¶n¬ kwh-c-tW-X-c-cmb \mb¿ +40.5, a‰v apt∂m° lnμp +56.5, {InkvXy≥ +11 F∂n-ßs\ IqSnb Af-hnemWv F∂Xv kmaq- l n- I ambn ]nt∂m°w \n¬°p∂ P\-hn-`m-K-߃°v kwh-c-Wmh-Imiw \¬Im-\p≈ `c-WL-S-\m-k-¶¬∏-Øns‚ Zo¿L- Z rjv S n shfn- s ∏- S p- Ø p∂p≠v.
kwhcWØns‚ cmjv{Sobw
kmº-ØnI kwh-cWw Zcn-{Z-]-£-]m-Xn-Xz-a√, kh¿W-hm-Za- m-Wv tUm.-{]-tamZv ISp-I´n
Pm
Xn F∂ t{KUUv Bb Ak-aXzw \ne\n¬°p∂ Cu cmPyØv kzm`m-hn-I-ambn \oXn hnX- c Ww sNø- s ∏- S p- I - b n√ F∂ hkvXpX Dƒs°m≠v tUm.-_n.-B¿.-Aw-t_Zv-°-dpsS t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ \S∂ CS-s]-S-ep-IfpsS ^e-ambn {]mXn-\n[yw \n-e\n¿Øm\p≈ Hcp sa°m-\nkw Bbn-´mWv kwh-cWw `c-W-LS-\-bn¬ CSw ]nSn-°p-∂-Xv. CØcØn¬ hnZym-`ym-kw, sXmgn¬, cmjv{Sobw F∂o taJ-e-I-fn¬ C¥y≥ kaq-l-Ønse Ncn- { X- ] - c - a m- b pw, \ne- h nepw, ]n∂m°w \n¬°p∂ hn`m-Kß - ƒ°v {]mXn-\n[yw \¬IpIbpw AXp-hgn kmaq-ly-\o-Xnbpw Ah-k-ck-a-Xzhpw Dd-∏p-h-cp-Øp-I-bp-amWv kwh-cWw e£y-an-Sp-∂-Xv. F∂m¬ `c-W-L-S-\-bpsS ASn-ÿm-\-X-Xz-ß-sf-t∏mepw A´n-a-dn-°p-∂XmWv \ne-hn¬ tI{μ-k¿°m¿ apt∂m-´p-sh® aq∂m-°-Ønse ]n∂m-°-Øn\v F∂ t]cn¬, ^e-Øn¬ kh¿Æ kwh-cWw F∂v Xs∂ hnfn-°m-hp∂ kmº-ØnI kwh-c-Ww. `c-WL-S-\-bpsS ASn-ÿm-\-X-Xz-ßsf A´n-a-dn°p∂p F∂Xv am{X-a-√, ]T-\-߃ ]d-bp∂Xv apt∂m-°-°m¿ \ne-hn¬ Xs∂ hnZym`ymkw t]mep≈ taJ-e-bn¬ A©n-c-´n-bn-e[nIw {]mXn-\n[yw D≈-h-cm-sW∂pw Bb-Xn\m¬ CXv Aim-kv{Xo-bhpw A\m-h-iy-hp-amsW-∂m-Wv. _n.-sP.]n Kh¨sa‚ v apt∂m´v sh® Cu kwL-]-cn-hm¿ Bi-bsØ ]n¥pW-bv°p-∂Xv hgn tIm¨{K pw CS-Xp-]m¿´nI-fp-sa√mw ]d-bp-∂Xv kh¿Æ Xmev]-cy-ßfpsS Imcy-Øn¬ R߃ kwL-]-cn-hm-dn\v
H∏-amWv F∂-Xm-Wv. kwh-c-W-˛-km-aq-ly-\oXn hnj-b-Øns‚ A{X-tØmfw Xs∂ ]g-°-ap-≠v kwh-c-W-hncp-≤-Xbv°v. PmXn-b-[n-Imc aqe-[-\-߃ D]tbm-Kn®v F√m-bn-SØpw apt∂-dp-I-bpw, hn`hm-[n-Im-c-ß-fn¬ IrXy-amb ap≥Xq°w t\SpIbpw sNbvX kh¿Æ hn`m-K-߃ B apt∂‰-Øn\v kwh-cWw hsc D]-tbm-Kn-®n-´p-≠v F∂p-≈-XmWv Ncn-{X-Ønse hntcm-[m-`mkw. kmaq-ln-I, kmº-Øn-I, kmwkvIm-cn-I-amb A{]-am-ZnXzw ÿm]n-®-Xn\p tijw Iø-S°n h® CS-߃ H∂pw hn´p-sIm-Sp-°mt\m `mKw hbv°mt\m Xøm-d-√mØ Ah¿ sadn‰v hmZhpw, kmº-ØnI kwh-c-W-hm-Zhpw D]-tbmKn®p kwh-c-WsØ Hcp A\o-Xn-bpsS s]mXpt_m-[-ambn Nn{Xo-I-cn-°m≥ BWv {ian-®-Xv. \yqkn-em≥Un¬ Pko¥ B≥Us‚ t\XrXz-Øn-ep≈ ]pXnb a{¥n-k-`-bn¬ Hcp aebmfn Dƒs∏-sS, kv{XoI-fpw, Xt±-io-b-cmb amthm-hm-Zn-I-fpw, F¬.-Pn.-_n.Sn IΩyq-Wn‰nbpw Hs° Dƒs°m- ≈ p- ∂ - X ns\ ""sshhn[yw'' F∂v ]d™p Iø-Sn-°p-tºmgpw AXv Xs∂- b mWv kwh- c Ww t]mep≈ {]mXn\n[yw Dd∏p hcp-Øp∂Xv F∂v AwKo-I-cn°m-Xn-cn-°m-\p≈ Pm{K-Xbpw AXn-Iu-i-e°m-cmb Ch¿ ImWn-°pw. C¥y-hn´v Ata-cn°-bn¬ FØp-tºmƒ kmº-ØnI kwh-c-WØn-\mbn hmZn-°p-∂n-√. sadn‰v hmZw D∂-bn°p-∂n-√. X߃°v {]mXn-\n[yw thW-sa∂mWv Ata-cn-°-bnse C¥y≥ lnμp-°ƒ hsc ]d-bp-∂-Xv. F∂m¬ C¥y-bn¬ Ah¿ {]mXn-\n-[y-Øns‚ `mK-amb kwh-c-W-Øns‚ ISpØ FXn-cm-fn-Ifpw kmº-ØnI kwh-cW- Ø ns‚ h‡m- ° fpw Bbn- c n- ° pw. \yqtbm¿°v \K-c-Ønse Aw_-c-Npw-_n-I-fmb sI´n-S-ß-fpsS t^mt´mbpw C¥y-bnse tNcnI-fpsS t^mt´mbpw tN¿Øv h®v kwh-c-WamWv C¥y-bpsS hnI-k-\-Øn\v hnLm-X-
A¥¿[m-c
15
hcpw Xe-ap-dbv°v \oXn-]q¿Δ-amb Hcp PohnXw \bn-°W - s- a-¶n¬ `c-WL - S- \ - maq-ey-߃ \ne-\n¿tØ-≠X - v Xß-fpsS DØ- c - h m- Z n- X z- a m- s W∂pw CXv Hcp AXn-Po-h-\-Øns‚ {]iv\-am-sW∂pw Xncn-®d- n™p t]mcm-tS-≠X - p-≠v. ambn \n¬°p-∂Xv F∂ sadn‰v hmZw ]dbp∂ bp‡n \n߃ Hm¿°p-∂nt√? AXmWv kh¿Æ bp‡n. B bp‡n-bn¬ Xs∂-bmWv kwh-c-W-X-Xz-Øn¬ sh≈w tN¿Øv kmaqly-\o-Xnsb A´n-a-dn-°m-\p≈ Bibw hncnbp-∂-Xpw, `c-W-IqS klm-b-tØmsS AXv Ah¿°v \S-∏n-em-°m≥ Ign-bp-∂-Xpw. Cu kwL- ] - c n- h m¿ lnμpXz Bi- b - Ø n\v ssk≤m-¥nI ]n≥_ew sImSp-°m≥ CS-Xp]£w t]mep≈ ]m¿´n-Ifpw Ds≠-∂p-≈XmWv hkvXp-X. \ne- h n¬ tIc- f - Ø n¬ \S- ∏ n- e m- ° nb kh¿Æ kwh-cWw sadn‰v hmZsØ Gsd°psd ambv ® p If- ™ p F∂- X mWv ]e dnt∏m¿´p-Ifpw sXfn-bn-°p-∂-Xv. cmPysØ BZn-hm-kn, ZenXv hn`m-K-ß-sf-°mƒ timN\o-bm-h-ÿ-bpw, kwc-£n-°-s∏-tS≠ P\Xbpw Chn-sS-bp≈ apt∂m° hn`m-K-߃ BtWm F∂v B dnt∏m¿´p-Iƒ t\m°ptºmƒ B¿s°-¶nepw tXm∂n-bm¬ Ahsc Ip‰w ]d-bm≥ ]‰n-√. Xß-fpsS hcp-am\w 5 e£-Øn¬ IqSp-X-em-sW∂v ImWn-°p∂ 76 e£w Bfp-Iƒ am{X-amWv \ΩpsS cmPyØv D≈-sX∂v 2018 ¬ Acp¨ sPbv‰ven shfns∏-Sp-Øn-bXv sh®p t\m°p-tºmƒ H´p-an° C¥y-°mcpw kmº-Øn-I-ambn Zp¿_-e-cm-hpw. Cu \bsØ ]mh- s ∏- ´ - h sc klm- b - ° ms\∂ hymtP\ {[pX-K-Xn-bn¬ \m´nse ZfnX¿, BZn-hm-kn-Iƒ, ap…o-߃, a¬ky-sØmgn- e m- f n- I ƒ, tXm´w sXmgn- e m- f n- I ƒ, a‰p ]nt∂m° hn`m- K - ß ƒ AS- ° - a p≈ ASnÿm\ P\-Xsb ]Sp-Ip-gn-bn-te°v X≈n-hnSp∂ "hntam-N\w' BWv hmKvZm\w sNbvXncn- ° p- ∂ - X v . AbnØ PmXn- ° m- c p- s Sbpw ]n∂m° hn`m-K-Øn¬ s]Sp-∂-h-cp-sSbpw kmaq-ly-\o-Xnbpw {]mXn-\n-[yhpw e£y-am°n-bp≈ kwh-c-W-Øns‚ IS-bv°¬ Xs∂ IØn-sh-bv°p∂ Xc-Øn-emWv kmº-ØnI am\-Z-WvU-߃ IpØn-°-b-‰p-∂-Xv. C¥y-bnse 87% Zcn-{Zcpw ]nt∂m° hn`mK-amWv F∂mWv IW-°p-Iƒ kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-
16
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Xv. tIc-f-Øn-te°v hcn-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ kz¥ambn Hcp Xp≠v `qan t]mep-an-√msX eb-ßfn¬ Pohn®p aÆn-\-Sn-bn¬ Xo¿∂p t]mIp∂ tXm´w sXmgn-em-fn-Iƒ, e£w hoSv tImf-\nI- f n- e pw, PmXn- t °m- f - \ n- I - f nep- a mbn Pohn°p∂ Zfn-Xv-˛-B-Zn-hm-kn-Iƒ, a’y-sØm-gn-emfn-Iƒ XpS-ßnb Pohn-X-߃ D≈-bn-S-ØmWv c≠c G°¿ `qanbpw \mep-e£w hcp-am-\hp-ap≈ ]cn[n \n›-bn®v F√m apt∂m-°°m¿°pw kwh-cWw F∂ Xocp-am\w sXmgnemfn h¿§-∏m¿´n k¿°m¿ \S-∏n-em-°p-∂-Xv. apt∂m° kwh-cWw F∂ `c-W-L-S-\-tbmSp≈ h©\ N¿®- I - t fm, icnbmb ]T- \ ßtfm IqSmsX AXn-thKw \S-∏n-em-°nb ]nW-dmbn k¿°m¿ D∂-bn-°p∂ hmZ-߃ hkv X p- X m- ] - c - a mbn sX‰m- s W∂v am{X- a - √ , AXv \S- ∏ n¬ hcp- t ºmƒ B hmZ- ß - s ft∏mepw s]mfn-°p∂ coXn-bn¬ BWv \S-∏n¬ hcp-∂-Xv. F∂v hyXykvX taJ-e-I-fn¬ \n∂v ]pdØp h∂ IW-°p-Iƒ sXfn-bn-°p-∂p. tIc-f-Ønse ]n.-F-kv.kn \nb-a-\-ß-fnse sadn‰v A´n-a-dn-I-fpw, C∂pw Zfn-X\pw BZnhm-kn°pw {]th-i\w \¬Im-Ø, kwh-cW \nb-a-߃ ]men-°mØ, k¿°m¿ iº-fhpw s]≥j\pw \¬Ip∂ FbvUUv taJ-e-bnse, A\o- X n- I - s f- s b√mw t\m°n sIm™\w IpØn-s°m-≠mWv kh¿Æ kwh-cWw F∂ Cu A´n-adn \S-∏n-em-°p-∂-Xv. Hcp P\-X-bpsS \ne- \ n¬∏ns\ Xs∂ tNmZyw sNøp∂ CØcw \S-]-Sn-Isf ]m¿´n _p≤n Pohn-Isf D]-tbm-Kn-®pw, ssk_¿ kJm-°sf D]-tbmKn®pw PmXn-bpsS {]iv\-ßsf ImWmsX hwiob {]iv \ - a mbpw FXn¿ i_v Z - ß sf h¿Kob te_¬Nm¿Ønbpw Aa¿Øm≥ {ian- ° p∂ Cu k¿°m¿ kh¿Æ kwc£Ww am{Xw BWv Xß-fpsS e£yw F∂v {]kvXm-hn-°p-I-bm-Wv. `c-W-L-S\m kwc-£W-Øn\v a\p-jy-a-lm-irw-Je D≠m-°nb Hcp ]m¿´n°v Fß-s\-bmWv Ct∏mƒ `c-WL - S- \m hncp-≤-amb kh¿Æ kwh-c-WsØ Hcp ]Sn ap∂n¬ IS∂v \S-∏n-em-°m≥ Ign-bpI? kz¥amb Akv X n- X z- h pw, kzX- { ¥- a mb \ne\n¬∏pw Zfn-Xcpw BZn-hm-kn-Ifpw AS-°a - p≈ F√m ASn-ÿm\ P\-Xbpw C\n-sb-¶nepw t\tS-≠-Xp-≠v. Xß-fpsS hcpw Xe-ap-dbv°v \oXn-]q¿Δ-amb Hcp PohnXw \bn-°-W-sa¶n¬ `c-W-L-S-\m-aq-ey-߃ \ne-\n¿tØ-≠Xv Xß-fpsS DØ-ch - m-Zn-Xz-am-sW∂pw CXv Hcp AXn-Po-h-\-Øns‚ {]iv\-am-sW∂pw Xncn-®dn™p t]mcm-tS-≠-Xp-≠v. AXn-\mbn cmjv{Sobm-[n-Imcw t\Sn-sb-Sp-t°-≠-Xp-ap-≠v.
kwhcWØns‚ cmjv{Sobw A-\-¥p-cm-Pv
kwh-cWw F∂Xv IrXyambpw ASn-ÿm-\-P-\-hn-`m-Kß-fpsS {]mXn-\n[yw Dd∏v hcp- Ø m- \ p≈ k¿Km- fl - I amb Sqƒ Xs∂-bm-Wv. kwhcWw \¬I-s∏-Sp-∂Xv kapZmb ASn-ÿm-\-Øn-em-b-XpsIm≠v Xs∂ kmº-ØnIw F∂ LSIw kwh-c-W-Øn\p≈ am\-Z-WvU-ambn hcnItb C√. Aßs\ F√m kmap-Zm-b-߃°pw P\m-[n-]Xy-Øns‚ cmjv{So-b-˛-{]-{In-bI-fn¬ Ah-c-h-cpsS P\-kwJy°v A\p-kr-X-am-bn-´p≈ {]mXn-\n[yw Dd-∏m-°-s∏-SpI F∂-XmWv kwh-c-W-Øns‚ ]q¿Æ- a mb Dt±- i y- e - £ yw. F∂m¬ Ct∏mƒ temIØv Fßpw tI´p˛- t Iƒhn t]mepw C√mØ kmºØnI kwh-cWw F∂ Hma\- t ∏- c n¬ Adn- b - s ∏- S p∂ kh¿Æ kwh-cWw \S-∏n-em°n-s°m≠v tIc-f-˛-k¿°m¿ kwh-c-W-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm\ XXz- Ø n¬ Xs∂ IØn sh®n-cn-°p∂ ÿnXn-hn-ti-jamWv kwPm-X-am-bn-cn-°p-∂Xv. \thm-∞m\ Ime-L-´Øns‚ Bcw`w F∂v Ncn-{XIm- c - ∑ m¿ hne- b n- c p- Ø nb ]sØm-ºXmw \q‰m-≠ns‚ ]Ip-Xn-tbmsS Xs∂, ASnÿm\ P\- h n- ` m- K - Ø ns‚ Db¿®sb ]‰n [mcmfw ImgvN-∏m-Sp-Iƒ Dbn¿sIm-≠n-cps∂-¶nepw Cu P\-X-bpsS `qcn-`mKw a\p-jycpw kzoI-cn®Xv As√- ¶ n¬ \S- ∏ n- e m°m≥ {ian-®-Xv kwkvIr-Xh¬°- c Ww Bbn- c p- ∂ p. kXy-Øn¬ sImtfm-Wn-b¬ tamtU- W n- k - Ø ns‚ ^eambn D≠mbn h∂Xv \thm∞m\w A√m-bn-cp-∂p. adn®v kwkv I rX h¬°- c - W - Ø n-
PmXn-kw-h-cWw, P\m-[n-]Xy t]mcm-´-amWv 1957 ¬ C.-Fw.-Fkv \ºq-Xn-cn-∏m-Sns‚ t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ D≈ `c-W] - c- n-jI v c- W IΩo-j≥ kmº-ØnI kwh-cWw F∂ Bibw Ahn-`‡ IΩyq-WnÃv ]m¿´n-bpsS kwÿm\ IΩn-‰n-bpsS ap≥]msI ka¿∏n-°p-∂p-≠v. AXv IΩn‰n A∂v X≈n F∂p-≈Xv Ncn-{Xw. F¶nepw Cu A\o-XnbpsS {ia-߃ A∂p-ap-Xte Zriy-am-hp-∂p-≠v. \p≈ Ah- k - c - a m- b n- c p- ∂ p. ImcWw \thm-∞m\w F∂ henb ImgvN-∏m-Spw, AXn≥{]-Imcw D≈ {]Xn-{]-h¿Ø\-ßfpw CXn-s\ms° ap≥t] Xs∂ {]Xy-£-am-hp-∂p-≠v. DZm-l-c-W-am-bn, "sNß-∂qcmXn ]m´p-Isf' \ap°v FSp°m-hp-∂X - m-Wv. hgn \S-Øh - pambn _‘-s∏´v Hcp iq{Zs‚ Xe sh´p∂ ]d-bs‚ IYbmWv ChnsS ]d- b p- ∂ - X v . At∏mƒ t]mcm- ´ - ß - f pw, \thm- ∞ m\ {]{In- b - I fpw tImf- \ n- h ¬°- c - W - Ø n\v apt∂ Xs∂ \S- ° p- ∂ p≠v F∂v thWw a\- n-em-°m≥.
AtXm-sSm∏w Xs∂ tImf\nh¬°- c - W - Ø ns‚ `mKambn D≠mb kvt]kv i‡amb \thm-∞m\ {]h¿Ø-\߃°v IpS-NqSn F∂Xpw hnkva-cn-°-s∏-tS-≠-X-√. kwkvIrXh¬°-cWw F∂Xv kmaqly P\m-[n-]Xy-Øn¬ A[n-jvTn-X-a-√mØ PmXnsb \ne- \ n¿Øn PmXnsb ]cn-jvI-cn-°p∂ Hcp {]{In-b-bm-Wv. CXv kh¿ÆcpsS t_m[y-ßt- fbpw, hnizmk-ß-tfbpw a‰v F√m-Øcw Imcy-ß-sfbpw A\p-I-cn-°pI hgn X߃°pw Cu h¿Æ hyh- ÿ - n Xn- ° p- ≈ n¬
A¥¿[m-c
17
FØn-s∏-Sm≥ Ign-bp-sa∂pw Aßs\ Cu ASn-a-Ø-Øn¬ \n∂v tamN\w D≠mhpw F∂p- a p≈ [mc- W - b m¬ D≠m-b-Xm-Wv. F∂m¬ sslμh [¿Ω- i mkv { Xw \Ωƒ ]cn- t im- [ n- ® m¬, XmW- h ¿ hnZym-`ymkw sNø-cpXv F∂v ]d-bp-∂Xv hy‡-ambn \ap°v ImWm≥ km[n- ° pw. AXn-\m¬ kh¿Æsc A\pI-cn-°p-∂Xv ASn-a-Ø-Øn\v ZrVX Iq´pw F∂-X-√msX bmsXmcp hyXym-khpw ASnØ´v P\- X - b psS Ah- ÿ bv°v D≠m-hn-s√∂pw t_m[ys∏- S p- ∂ p- ≠ v . AXp- s Im≠v BWv P\m-[n-]Xy hyh-ÿbn-te°v Imcy-߃ FØns∏-´-t∏mƒ kwh-cWw F∂ {]tXyI hnth-N\ Bibw apt∂m´v hbv ° m≥ _m_ kmtl_v Awt_-ZvI¿ \n¿_-‘n-X-\m-b-Xv. Cu kwh- c - W - Ø ns‚ XpS-°-Imew apXte CXns\ XI¿°m≥ D≈ {ia- ß ƒ ]e-`m-K-Øp-\n∂pw D≠m-hp∂p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. kh¿Æ¿°v ]e ]nt∂m- ° - ° m- s cbpw kwkv I r- X - h ¬°- c n- ° m≥ km[n- s ®- ¶ nepw \nb- a - ] - c ambn Ch¿°v e`n- ° p∂ kwh- c - W sØ XSp- ° m≥ Ign- ™ n- c p- ∂ n- √ . ImcWw \nb-a-]-c-ambn t\m°p-tºmƒ Cu P\X kmº-Øn-I-am-bpw, kmaq- l y- a m- b pw, cmjv { So- b ambpw Zcn- { Z¿ Bbn- c p- ∂ p. AXp- s Im≠v H‰- b - S nbv ° v FXn¿°msX ]e hyXym-kß-fpw, "\ho-I-cWw' F∂ t]cn¬ \SØn CXns\ XI¿°m≥ At∂ {ian-°p-∂Xmbn \ap°v ImWm≥ km[n°pw. 1957 ¬ C.- F w.- F kv \ºq-Xn-cn-∏m-Sns‚ t\Xr-XzØn¬ D≈ `c- W - ] - c n- j v I cW IΩo-j≥ kmº-ØnI kwh- c Ww F∂ Bibw Ahn-`‡ IΩyq-WnÃv ]m¿´n-
18
A¥¿[m-c
bpsS kwÿm\ IΩn-‰n-bpsS ap≥]msI ka¿∏n-°p-∂p-≠v. AXv IΩn‰n A∂v X≈n F∂p-≈Xv Ncn-{Xw. F¶nepw Cu A\o-Xn-bpsS {ia-߃ A∂p- a p- X te Zriy- a m- h p∂p≠v. kmº-ØnI kwh-cWw F∂Xv XXz- h n- c p- ≤ - a mb hy‡ym-[n-jvTnX kwh-cWw BsW- ∂ p- a m- { X- a - √ , AXv kwh-c-W-Øns‚ LS-\sb t]mepw sX‰mbn P\-ß-fn¬ {]Xn-^-en-∏n-°p-Ibpw AtXmsSm∏w Xs∂ kmº- Ø n- I ambn ]nt∂m°w \n¬°p∂ ASn- ÿ m- \ - P - \ - h n- ` m- K sØ ]q¿Æ-ambn I≠n-s√∂v \Sn°p-Ibpw sNøp-I-bm-Wv. Cu ]pXnb kh¿Æ kwh-c-WØn-\mbn FSpØ ]T-\-߃ t]mepw \nKqVw BWv, As√- ¶ n¬ Aßs\ Hcp ]T\w \S-∂n-´n√ F∂v Xs∂ \ap°v A\p-am-\n-°m≥ km[n-°pw. tI{μ-k¿°m-cns‚ \oXn BtbmKv ka¿∏n® hnh-c-߃ A\p-k-cn®v C¥ybn¬ C∂v kmº-Øn-I-ambn ]nt∂m°w \n¬°p-∂-h-cn¬ 87.5% Bƒ°mcpw Zfn-Xv-˛-BZn-hmkn _lp-P-\-߃ BWv. Cu 87.5% a\p-jycpw ASnÿm- \ - k u- I cyw t]mepw C√mØ PohnX kml-N-cyß- f n¬ \n∂mWv hcp- ∂ Xv F∂Xv kwi-bn-t°-≠-Xn-√. AXp-sIm≠v Xs∂ tI{μ-˛tI-cf k¿°m-cp-I-fpsS Dt±i- i p- ≤ n- b n¬ hfsc hensbmcp \ng¬ Xs∂ hoWn-cn°p-I-bm-Wv. Economic & Political weekly
F∂ tP¿W¬ ]pdØv hn´ tcJ-Iƒ ]d-bp-∂-Xv. hnZym`ymk taJ- e - b n¬ Cu apt∂m° hn`m- K - Ø nse ]nt∂m-°-°m-cpsS {]mXn-\n[yw F∂v ]d-bp-∂Xv Ah¿°mbn \o°n-h-®n-cn-°p∂ kwh-cW iX-am-\-Øns‚ 5 Cc-´n-bmWv
F∂m- W v . AXm- b Xv Cu kmº-ØnI kwh-cWw F∂Xv Ah¿°v e`n-°p∂ t_mWkv BWv . AXp- t ]mse tIc- f - k ¿°m¿ CØ- h W lb¿ sk°-≠dn {]th-i-\Øn¬ CXv \S- ∏ n- e m- ° n- b t∏mƒ _m°n-bmb \nc-h[n ko‰p- I - f pw, F¬.- F ¬._n {]th-i-\-Øn¬ _m°n-bmb Ah- t i- j n® ko‰p- I fpw hnfn®p ]d- b p- ∂ Xv kmºØnI kwh-c-W-Øns‚ Bhiy-an-√m-bvasb Xs∂-bm-Wv. AXpw Cu kwh-cWw \¬Im≥ sh®n- c n- ° p∂ am\ZWvUw IqSn HØp t\m°ptºmƒ \ap°v Imcy- ß ƒ hy‡-am-hpw. Xß-fpsS P\kw-Jy-bpsS Cc-´n-bn-e-[nIw iX-am\w `qkz-Øpw, kºØpw, {]mXn-\n-[y-hpw, ÿm]\-ß-fp-ap≈ apt∂m° hn`mK- ß ƒ°v ho≠pw A[nI Ah- k cw sImSp- ° p- I - b pw, Ahsc Xs∂ IqSp-X¬ [\mVy- c pw, A[n- I m- c n- I fpw B°n am‰p-Ibpw Aßs\ kh¿ÆX Dd- ∏ n- ° p- I bpw BWv tI{μ-˛-tI-cf k¿°mcp- I ƒ sNbv X n- c n- ° p- ∂ - X v . C¥y- b n¬ C∂v Db¿∂v tIƒ°p-∂, "tZio-bX AYhm kh¿Æ sslμ-ho-I-XbpsS' `mK- a mbn \ap- ° nXv hmbn- s ®- S p- ° m- h p- ∂ - X m- W v . Cu kh¿Æ-h¬°-c-W-Øns‚ `mK-ambn BZyw "{Ioanse- b ¿' \S- ∏ n- e m- ° p- I bpw C∂n-t∏mƒ kh¿Æ kwhcWw \S-∏n-em-°p-Ibpw sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂p. CXphgn ASnÿm-\-P-\-hn-`m-KsØ IqSpX¬ ]n∂n-te°v X≈n-am‰n Hcp kh¿Æ A[n-Im-c-tI{μw \n¿an-°p-hm-\p≈ ASnØd C´n-cn-°p-∂-Xn-s\m-∏w, `c-W-L-S-\-tb-bpw, P\m-[n-]Xy-tØbpw sh√p-hn-fn-°p-Ibp-am-Wv.
kwhcWØns‚ cmjv{Sobw
""lnμp-°ƒ°p kl-Phpw cqV-aq-e-hp-amb Hcp bmYmÿn-Xn-I-X-bp-≠v. Ah¿°v kzmX-{¥yw, kmtlm-Zcyw F∂n-h-bp-am-bn, AXm-bXv P\m-[n-]-Xy-hp-ambn klh¿ØnXzw km[y-a-√m-Xm-°p∂ Hcp aX-hp-ap-≠v. AkaXzw temIsØ-√m-bn-S-Øp-ap-≠v. AXv Gdn-b-Iqdpw ÿnXn-K-Xn-Ifpw kml-N-cy-ß-fp-ambn _‘-s∏-´-Xm-Wv. F∂m¬ AXn\v aX-Øns‚ ]n¥pW D≠m-bn-´n-√. lnμp°-fpsS Imcyw hyXy-kvX-am-Wv. lnμp-k-aq-l-Øn¬ Ak-a-Xz-ap-s≠∂p am{X-a-√, lnμp-a-X-Øns‚ HutZymKnI kn≤m¥w Xs∂-bmWv Aa-k-Xzw.'' ˛ _n.-B¿.-Aw-t_-ZvI¿
P\m-[n-]-Xy-sa-∂m¬ P\-ß-fpsS kzbw-`-c-W-am-Wv, _p≤n-Po-hn-I-fpsS `c-W-a√ tUm.- _n -B¿ Aw-t_-ZvI¿
A
kv]riy¿°v \nb-a-k-`bn¬ am{Xw {]mXn-\n[yw e`n®m¬ t]mcm, a{¥n-k-`-bnepw {]mXn- \ n[yw thWw. Cu Bh-iy-sØbpw lnμp-°ƒ FXn¿°p-I-bm-Wv. Ah-cpsS hmZ-KXn c≠p-X-c-Øn¬ cq]w sIm≈p-∂p. H∂v, a{¥n-k` \nb- a - k - ` - b nse `qcn- ] - £ sØ {]Xn-\n-[m\w sNøp-∂Xm-bn-cn-°Ww; c≠v, a{¥n-k`mw-K-߃ A[n-Im-c-ÿm-\߃ ssIbm- f m≥ t]m∂ Imcy-£-a-X-bp-≈-h-cm-bn-cn-°Ww. c≠m-asØ hmZ-K-Xn-sb∏‰n BZyw ]cn-tim-[n-°mw. Cu hmZ-KXn auen-Iambn Xs∂ kpi-‡-am-Wv. F∂m¬ AXns\ Hcp {]mXn\n[y Kh¨sa‚ns‚ ImcyØn¬ hfsc Zqcw sIm≠p-
t]m- I m≥ Ign- b p- I - b n- s √∂Xpw {i≤n- t °- ≠ - X m- W v . s{]m.- s sU- k n- b psS hm°pIƒ {i≤n-°q. ""_u≤n-I-tijn-bn¬ km[y-amb G‰hpw \√ ]m¿e-sa‚ns\ HØp-In´pI F∂Xv `c-W-L-S-\m-kwhn-[m-\-Øns‚ Hcp {]mY-anI e£y- a - √ . bYm¿∞- Ø n¬ cmPy-Ønse P\-ß-sf-°mƒ _p≤n- i - ‡ n- t b- d nb Hcp ]m¿e-sa‚ v F∂Xv {]mXn-\n[y-K-h¨sa‚ v F∂ Bi-bØn\p \nc-°p-∂-X-√.'' Imcy-£-a-X-bn-t∑-ep≈ hmin A\m- h - i y- a m- W v . A⁄-cmb Bfp-Isf Ah¿ Akv ] r- i y- c m- b - X p- s Im- ≠ pam{Xw a{¥n-am-cm-°-W-sa∂v Bcpw ]d-™n-´n-√. Akv]riy¿°v a{¥n-k-`-bn¬ {]mXn-
\n[yw \¬In-bm¬ Ah¿°nS-bnse G‰hpw Imcy-£-a-Xbp-≈-h¿ Xs∂ sXc-s™-Sp°-s∏-Spw. AØ-c-Øn¬s∏´ At\Iw Akv]r-iy¿ Hmtcm t{]mhn≥kn-ep-ap-≠v. ]ns∂, Cu ]cn- a nXn hyhÿ Akv]r- i y¿°p am{X- a mbn _m[-I-am-°p-∂-sXt¥? Akv]r-iysct∏mse a{¥n-k-`m{]m- X n- \ n[yw ap…o- ß fpw Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-∂p-≠t√m. ]t£, ap…o-ß-fpsS Ah-Imi-hm-Z-Øn-s\-Xn-cmbn AØ-csamcp ]cn- a nXn hyhÿ F¥p- s Im≠v lnμp- ° ƒ D∂- b n- ° p- ∂ n√? lnμp- ° fpsS FXn¿∏v bp‡n-c-ln-Xam-Wv. AsXmcp Hgn-hp-I-gn-hpam-{Xw. C\n, c≠m-asØ hmZ-K-
A¥¿[m-c
19
Xn-bn-te°p hcmw. `qcn-]£w \yq\-]£w Fs∂m-s°-bp≈ hm°p- I sf lnμp- ° ƒ Zpcp-]t- bm-Ks - ∏-Sp-Øp-Ib - m-Wv. `qcn- ] £w F∂Xpw \yq\]£w F∂Xpw cmjv { Sob KW-ß-fm-sW-∂-Imcyw Ah¿ ad-∂p-t]m-Ip-∂p. cmjv{Sob-K-W-߃ F∂ \ne-bn¬ ÿnc- a mb `qcn- ] - £ tam ÿnc- a mb \yq\- ] - £ tam C√. cmjv{Sob `qcn-]-£hpw cmjv{Sob \yq\-]-£hpw {Zhcq-]-k-an-Xn-I-fm-Wv. C∂sØ `qcn-]£w \mfsØ \yq\-]£- a m- b n- Ø o- c pw. C∂sØ \yq\-]£w \mfsØ `qcn-]£-am-sb∂pw hcmw. CØ-cØn¬ s]´- X √ Akv]riycpw lnμp- ° fpw XΩnep≈ A¥- c w. `qcn- ] £ \yq\- ] - £ - ß ƒ°p XΩnep≈ A¥¿hym- ] \w Akv ] r- i y¿°pw lnμp- ° ƒ°pw XΩn- e n- √ . `qcn- ] £ \yq\- ] £ _‘- Ø ns‚ as‰mcp khn- t i- j - X - b p≈Xpw lnμp- ° ƒ°pw Akv ] r- i y¿°pw XΩn- e p≈ _‘-Øn\p _m[-I-a-√. `qcn]- £ hpw \yq\- ] - £ hpw XΩn¬ hn`- P n- X - c m- I p- ∂ Xp Hcp hn`n-∂X sIm≠p-am-{Xam-Wv. ho£-W-ß-fnse hn`n∂-Xp-sIm-≠p-am-{Xw. ChnsS Ccp Iq´¿°p-an-S-bn¬ auenIhpw amc- I - h p- a mb Hcp i{Xp-Xm-at- \m-`m-ha - n√ ˛ lnμp°sf Akv]r-iy-cn¬ \n∂v th¿s]-Sp-Øp-∂-am-Xn-cn, `qcn]£ \yq\-]£ _‘-Øns‚ aq∂m-asØ khn-ti-jXbpw lnμp- ° ƒ°pw Akv ] r- i y¿°pw XΩn- e p≈ _‘-Øn\p _m[-I-am-Ip-∂n√. Hcp \yq\-]£w `qcn-]-£Øn-te°p hf-cp-∂p. Hcp `qcn]£w `qcn-]-£-am-bn-Øo-cp∂- X n\v \yq\- ] - £ - Ø ns‚ hnIm-c-hn-Nm-c-߃ kzmwio-Icn-°p-∂p. AXns‚ ]cn-Wn-X-
20
A¥¿[m-c
^-e-Øn¬ \yq\-]£w kwXr-]vXc - m-hp-Ib - mWp sNøp-∂Xv. C°m-cy-Øn¬ `qcn-]-£tØmSv ]S-sh-´W - s - a∂v \yq\]-£-Øn\p tXm∂-ep-≠m-Ip∂n-√. Cs®m∂ F√m Imcyßfpw lnμp-°-fmb `qcn-]£-Øn\pw Akv]r-iy-cmb \yq\-]-£-Øn\pw XΩn-ep≈ _‘-Øn\v A\y-am-Wv. CcpIq-´cpw ÿncw kaq-Zm-bß - f - mbn-Øs∂ \ne-bp-d-∏n-®n-cn-°p∂p. Ah¿ tIhew hyXykvX-c-√. ]c-kv]c sshcn-Ifm- W v . Ahsc `qcn- ] - £ sa∂pw \yq\-]-£-sa∂pw ]dbp-∂Xv P¿a≥Im¿ `qcn-]-£am-sW∂pw {^©p-Im¿ \yq\]-£-am-sW∂pw ]d-bp-∂-Xpt]mse kXy-am-Wv, {]tbm-P\-I-c-hp-am-Wv. G‰hpw Ipd™ tbmKyX F∂ am\-Z-WvU-Øn\p hnt[-b-ambn s]mXp tkh-\Øp-d-I-fn¬ Akv]r-iy¿°v Hcp {]tXy-Im-\p-]m-X-Øn¬ DtZym-Kß - ƒ kwh-cWw sNøW-sa∂v Ah¿ Bh-iy-s∏-Sp∂p. Akv]r-iy-cpsS a‰v Bhiy- ß - s f- s b- ∂ - t ]mse Cu Bh-iy-sØbpw lnμp-°ƒ FXn¿°p-∂p. Ah-cpsS \ne]mSv CXmWv. DtZym-K-\n-b-aØn\p Ignhpw Imcy- £ - a Xbpw kz`m-h-ip-≤n-bp-am-Wmh-iyw. PmXn aX-߃s°m∂pw AhnsS ÿm\- a n- √ . kz`m-h-ip-≤n-sb∂ Ah-iytbm-Ky-X-sb-∏‰n X¿°-an-√. AXp-t]mse Ignhpw Imcy£-a-Xbpw thW-sa-∂-Xn-epan√ X¿°w. X¿°- a p- ≈ Xv Hcp Imcy- Ø n¬ am{Xw, AsXmcp kp{]-[m-\-Im-cy-amWp- X m- \ pw. s]mXp- t k- h - \ Øp-d-I-fnse DtZymK \nb-a\-Øn\v dn{Iq-´p-sN-ø-s∏-Sp-∂Xn\v PmXnbpw aXhpw ]cn-KWn-t°-≠-Xt√ F∂-XmWp Imcyw. Imcy-£-a-X-bpsS DcI√v hnZym- ` ym- k - t bm- K yX
am{X- a m- s W∂p Icp- X p∂ lnμp-°ƒ iTn-°p-∂Xv F√m PmXn- a - X - ° m¿°pw ]s¶- S p°m-hp∂ a’-c-∏-co-£-bpsS ASn- ÿ m- \ - Ø n- e m- h Ww DtZym- K - \ n- b - a \w F∂m- W v . AØ-c-samcp ]≤Xn c≠p e£y- ß ƒ \nd- t h- ‰ p- s a∂v Ah¿ hmZn- ° p- ∂ p. AXv Imcy- £ - a - X - s b∂ e£yw \nd- t h- ‰ p- ∂ p. c≠m- a - X mbn AXp cmPysØ s]mXp-tkh- \ - Ø p- d - I - f n¬ Akv]riy¿°p {]th-i\w \ntj-[n°p-∂n-√. Imcy- £ - a - X - b p- t Sbpw a’-c∏ - c - o-£b - p-sSbpw Imcyw ]d™v lnμp-°ƒ Akv]riy-cpsS Bh-iy-߃s°-Xncmb \ne-]m-Sn\v \oXn-bp-‡sa∂ tXm∂-ep-≠m-°p-hm≥ {ian-°p-I-bm-Wv. Chn-sSbpw hmZ-KXn hkvXp-X-bpsS ]m¿iz-h¿Øn-bm-Wv. s]mXp-tk-h\-Øp-d-I-fn¬ Imcy-£-a-X-bp≈-hsc e`y-am-°m≥ a’-c∏- c o- £ m- k - { º- Z mbw DNn- X amb coXn-bmtWm A√tbm F∂-X√ {]iv\w. a’-c-∏-co£m-k-{º-Zmbw F√m PmXna-X-°m¿°p-ambn Xpd-∂n-Sp-∂Xp-sIm≠p am{Xw Akv]riy¿°v s]mXp-tk-h-\-Øp-dI- f n¬ IS- ° m≥ ]‰ptam F∂- X mWp {]iv \ w. AXv cmPysØ hnZym-`ymk k{ºZm-bsØ B{i-bn-®n-cn-°pw. AXp th≠{X P\m-[n-]-Xy]- c - a mtWm? hnZym- ` ymk kuI-cy-߃ th≠{X hym]-I-am-bn-´pt≠m? F√m PmXna-X-°m¿°pw a’-c-Øn-s\Øm≥ ]mI- Ø n¬ {]thi\w \¬I- s ∏- S p- ∂ pt≠m? adn-®m-sW-¶n¬ Xpd∂ a’c k{ºZm-b-Øn¬t∏mepw henb P\-hn-`m-K-߃ ]pd-Øm°-s∏-Spw. Cu ASn-ÿm-t\m]m[n AXns‚ A`mhw sIm≠v C¥y-bn¬ {it≤-b-am-Ip∂p. C¥y-bn¬ D∂X hnZym-
`ymkw lnμp-°-fpsS IpØI-bmWv ˛ {]tXy-In®v kh¿Æ lnμp- ° - f psS. Ah¿W¿°v Akv ] r- i y- X - b psS t]cn¬ hnZym-`ymk kuI-cy߃ \ntj-[n-°s - ∏-´n-cn-°b - mWv. Db¿∂ DtZym-K-ß-fn¬ \nb- a n- ° - s ∏- S m- \ m- h - i y- a mb Db¿∂ DtZym-K-߃°p am{X-amWv {]k‡n; Ahbv°p X{¥- ] - c - a mb aqey- a p≠v ˛ D∂X hnZym- ` ymkw Zcn{Z¿°p A{]m-]y-am-Wv. Ah¿°v D∂-Xh - n-Zym-`ymkw \¬Ip∂-Xn\v cmPyw kmº-Øn-Iamb DØ-c-hm-ZnØw Gs‰-Sp°p-I-bn-√. Aßs\ thW-sa∂mWv Ah¿ {]ta- b - Ø neqsS Bh- i y- s ∏- S p- ∂ - X v . lnμp-°ƒ Ah-cpsS Zbm-Zm£n- W y- ß ƒ Akv ] r- i y- c nte°p \o´p-I-bn-√. k¿Δokn¬ {]th-in-°m≥ a’-c-]co- £ - I - f psS hnP- b sØ B{i- b n- ° m≥ Akv ] r- i ytcmSv Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-∂Xv AhtcmSp Im´p∂ h©-\-bm-Wv. Akv]r-iy¿ kzoI-cn-®n-´p≈ \ne-]mSv Hcp-Xc - Ø - nepw Abp‡n-I-a-√. Imcy-£-aX Bhiy-am-sW∂v Ah¿ AwKo-Icn- ° p- ∂ p. AXp- s Im- ≠ mWv Ah-cpsS {]ta-b-Øn¬ Ipd™ tbmKy-X-sb∂ N´-Øn\p hnt[-b-ambn DtZym-K-\n-ba\w Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. a‰pX-c-Øn¬ ]d-™m¬, C{Xbp-amWv Akv]r-iy¿ Bhiy-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. DtZym-K-\n-b-a-\Øn\v Hcp Ipd™ tbmKyX- \n›-bn-°-s∏-S-Ww. Hcp tPmen°v c≠v At]-£-I-cp≠m- b n- c n- ° - b pw, Ah- c n¬ Akv]r-iy\v \n¿Zn-jvS-amb Ipd™ tbmKy-X-bp-≠m-bn-cn°p-I-bpw sNbvXm¬, Abmsf- ° mƒ IqSnb tbmKyX lnμp-hmb At]-£-I-\p-s≠¶n¬t]mepw Akv]r-iy-\mb DtZym-Km¿∞nsb \nb-an-°Ww. AXm-bXv \nb-a-\m-Sn-
ÿm\w G‰hpw Ipd™ tbmKy- X m- b n- c n- ° - W - s a- ∂ mWv; G‰hpw IqSnb tbmKy-Xbm-bn-cn-°-cp-sX-∂m-Wv. Imcy£- a - X m- ] - c n- t im- [ \ Nne {]tXyI kap- Z m- b - ß ƒ°v ]ªn°v k¿Δo- k p- I ƒ IpØ- I - b m°n \¬Ip- ∂ Xp {i≤n- ° m≥ Iq´m- ° m- Ø h¿°v CXv hnNn-{X-am-bn-tØm∂mw. kzbw `cn-°p-I-sb-∂Xv \√ `c-W-sØ-°mƒ sa®-amsW∂v Iymw]v_¬ _∂¿am≥ ]d-™n-´nt√? Akv]riy¿ Bh- i y- s ∏- S p- ∂ Xpw as‰m-∂-√. Imcy-£-a-amb Hcp Kh¨sa‚ns‚ Bh-iy-IX Ah¿ AwKo-I-cn-°p-∂p-≠v. AXp-sIm-≠mWp DtZym-K-\nb- a - \ - Ø n\v Ipd™ tbmKyX thW-sa∂v Ah¿ AwKo-I-cn-°p-∂-Xv. Ah¿ Xbmd- √ mØv \√ `c- W - Ø n- \ pth≠n kzbw-`-cWw Dt]-£n°m-\m-Wv. G‰hpw Db¿∂ hnZym-`ymk-Øn¬ A[n-jvTn-Xamb Kh¨sa‚ v Hcp kmapZm-bnI Kh¨sa‚m-bn-cn-°pw. ImcWw Ipd™ tbmKy-Xsb- ° mƒ D∂- X - X - c - a mb hnZym-`ymkw kn≤n-®n-´p-≈Xv lnμp-°ƒ°m-Wv. AXp-sIm≠mWv Ah¿ ]d- b p- ∂ Xv Imcy-£-a-amb Kh¨sa‚n\p Ipd™ tbmKy-X-a-Xn-sb∂v. AXv kzbw `cWw km[y-am-Ip-∂-Xn-\m¬ ]ªn°v k¿Δo-kn¬ {]th-in-°p-∂Xn\v Ipd™ tbmKyX F∂m-bn-cn-°Ww N´w. AXp kzbw-`-c-Whpw H∏w Imcy£- a - a mb `c- W hpw Dd- ∏ m°pw. F√m cmPy- Ø p- a p≠v Hmtcm `c-W-h¿§w. F∂m¬ C¥y-bn-ep-≈-Xp-t]mse kzm¿∞hpw tcmK- { K- k v X hpw A]m-b-I-chpw Xe-Xn-cn-™Xp-amb at\m-`m-h-ap-≈-Xpw, kz¥w h¿§-Øns‚ A[n-Imchpw al- X zhpw \ne- \ n¿-
Øm≥ ASn-a-h¿K-ßsf ASn®-a¿Ø-W-sa-∂p-hm-Zn-°p∂ \oNhpw \nμy-hp-amb Pohn-XZ¿i-\-ap-≈-Xp-amb Hcp `c-Wh¿§w as‰-hn-sS-¶n-ep-apt≠m? D≈-Xmbn Adn-hn-√. a‰p cmPy-ß-fnse `cW-h¿§-߃ kz¥w h¿§°m-c-√m-Ø-h¿°v Ah-cpsS kaq-l-Øn-te°p A{X s]s´∂p {]th-i\w A\p-h-Zn°p- I - b n- √ . F∂m¬ AhcpsS \ne-hm-c-Øn-te-°p-bcp-∂-h¿°v {]th-i\w \ntj-[n-°p-I-bn-√. F∂m¬ C¥y-bnse `c-W-h¿§w Cdp°n- b - S - ° - s ∏´ H∂m- W v. AXn¬ P\n- ® p- h o- g mØ B¿°pw AXn-\p-≈n¬ {]th- i n- ° m- \ m- h n- √ . `c- W h¿§- Ø ns‚ \ne- h m- c - Ø nte°v ASn-a-h¿K-߃ Db-cp∂Xp XS-bm≥ GXp am¿Kw kzoI-cn-°m\w Ah¿ Xøm-dmWv. \nb-a-k-`-bnepw a{¥n-k`-bnepw tkh-\-Øp-d-I-fnepw kwh-cWw thW-sa∂v ASna- h ¿§- ß ƒ Bh- i y- s ∏- S ptºm-sg√mw `c-W-h¿§w apdhnfn Iq´pw, tZio-bX A]-SI-Øn-se-∂v. Cu kwh-c-Wsa-∂Xv F¥mWv? Npcp-°Øn¬ ASn- a - h ¿K- ß sf Ah- c psS \ne- \ n¬∏n\p th≠n-bp≈ ka-c-Øn¬ `cW- h ¿K- Ø n\p IqSp- X ¬ Xmgv N - b n- t e°p ASn- ® - a ¿Øm-\m-Im-Ø-hn-[-Øn-ep≈ Hcp \ne-]mSp Xd Hcp-°p∂ H∂m- W v bYm¿∞- Ø n¬ kwh-c-Ww. ASn-a-h¿§-߃ kwhcWw Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-∂Xv `ctWm-]m-[n-Iƒ \nb-{¥n-°p∂ `c-W-h¿§-Øns‚ A[n-Im-cØn\p ]cn[n \n›-bn-°m≥ th≠n-bm-Wv. kwh-c-W-Øn\v ZpjvIo¿Øn-bp-≠m-°m-\mWv `c-W-h¿§w {ian-°p-∂-Xv.
A¥¿[m-c
21
kwhcWØns‚ cmjv{Sobw
kwh-cWw Hcp kmº-ØnI {]hr-Øn-b-√, kmaq-lnI hnπ-h-amWv cmw at\m-l¿ temly
Pm
Xn- b psS ]¬N{Iw ]nt∂m-°-Pm-Xn-Isf NX-®-c®-Xn-\p-tijw apt∂m-°-Pm-XnI- s fbpw NX- ® - c - b v ° p- ∂ p. Ahsc c≠mbn hn`- P n- ° p∂p. Znhkw A≥]Xp cq]tbm AXn¬ IqSp-Xtem hcpam- \ - a p- ≈ - h cpw sj¿hmWn NqUn-Zm¿ XpS-ßnb ^yqU¬ hkv{X-߃ [cn-°p-∂-hcpw Xß-sf-°mƒ sa®-s∏-´-h-cnte°p t\m°p∂ tcmKw ZznP∑m-cpsS CS-bnse ]mh-ßsfbpw _m[n-®n-cn-°p-∂p. CXn\p-]-Icw ]mh-s∏´ ZznP≥am¿ ]mh-s∏´ ]nt∂m-°-Pm-Xn-I-fntebv ° pw iq{Z- c n- t ebv ° pw ap…o-ß-fn-tebv°pw Zfn-Xp-Ifn-tebv°pw BZn-hm-kn-I-fntebv°pw t\m°m≥ XpS-ßWw. At∏mƒ PmXn- b psS ]¬N{Iw XI-cp-tºmƒ P\ß-fn¬ F¨]-Ø©p iXam-\-Øns‚ ]q¿Æ Xf¿hmX- h pw, ]Xn- \ ©p iX- a m- \ Øns‚ A¿≤-X-f¿hm-Xhpw t`Z-am-Ipw. NqjWw Ah-km\n-°pw. C¥y AXns‚ F√m
22
A¥¿[m-c
AwK-ß-fnepw i‡n-bm¿÷n°pw. Cu Zni-bn-ep≈ apt∂‰- Ø n\v ASn- b - ¥ n- c - a mbn sNbv X p Xo¿t°≠ Nne Imcy-ß-fp-≠v. 1. cmjv { Sob ]m¿´n- I fnepw tZiob kºZvLS-\bnepw Kh¨sa‚ v k¿Δo-knepw kv{XoIƒ, iq{Z¿, Zfn-XpIƒ, BZn-hm-kn-Iƒ, aX-\yq\-]-£-ß-ƒ ]nt∂m-°-Pm-Xn°m¿ F∂n-h¿°v {]tXyI Ah- k - c - ß ƒ Dd- ∏ p- h - c pØpI. 2. Kh¨sa‚ v DtZym-K߃°v an{i-hn-hmlw \n¿_‘n-X-am-°p-I. 3. Hcp ka-Xzm-[n-jvTnX kaq- l - Ø n\v PmXn- k - a cw h¿K- k - a cw t]mse Xs∂ A\n-hm-cy-am-Wv. 4. {]mtZ-in-I-Xbpw aXau-en-I-Xbpw PmXnbpw {][m\- a mbpw Db¿∂ PmXn- I fn¬s∏´ Cw•ojv ]Tn® CSØ-c-°m¿ Xß-fpsS kzm¿∞-Xm-ev]-cy-߃°v th≠n hf¿Øp-∂-Xm-Wv. 5. P\- ß ƒ°v th≠n P\-ß-fm-ep≈ P\-ß-fpsS Kh¨sa‚ v , Hcp hiØv
IΩyq-Wp-Iƒ°v th≠n-bp≈ IΩyq-Wp-I-fpsS Kh¨sa‚pI-fmepw, adp-h-iØv a\p-jyh¿K- Ø n- \ p- t h≠n a\p- j yh¿K-Øm-ep≈ a\p-jy-h¿§Øns‚ Kh¨sa‚ n- \ mepw ]cn-]p-jvS-am-I-Ww. PmXn \n¿Ωq-e\ - Ø - n\pw enwK- k - a - X z- Ø n\pw th≠nbp≈ cmjv{Sob apt∂-‰Ø - n\v t_m[-]q¿Δ-amb \S-]-Sn-Iƒ s]s´∂p Xs∂ Bcw-`n-°Ww. 1. cmPy- Ø ns‚ F√m `mK-ß-fnepw an{i-t`m-P-\-kZy-Iƒ G¿s∏-Sp-ØpI 2. an{i-hn-hmlw km[mc-W-coXn BIp-tºmƒ am{Xta PmXn-k-{º-Zmbw Ah-km\n-°pIbp≈q. F∂m¬ kaql- Ø ns‚bpw hy‡n- b p- s Sbpw ISpw-]n-Sp-Øw-aqew CXv t\SpI Gsd-°psd hnjaw BWv. Cu Bibw {]N-cn∏n-°p-∂-Xn\v N¿®m-k-tΩ-f-\ßfpw \mS-I-ßfpw taf-Ifpw kwL-Sn-∏n-°-Ww. P\-߃ ]c-kv]cw Adn-bp-∂-tXmsS cmPyw i‡n B¿÷n- ° pIbpw P\-߃ k¥p-jvS-cmhp- I bpw sNøpw. CØcw
an{i- h n- h m- l - ß ƒ°v P\߃ ]q¿Æ ]n¥pW \¬IWw. 3. `qc-lnX I¿j-I-cn¬ A[n-It- ]cpw ]nt∂m-°P - m-XnI-fn¬s∏-´-h-cm-Wv. Ah-cpsS thZ-\-Iƒ imco-cn-Ihpw am\kn-Ihpw BWv. Cu `qc-lnX¿°v `qan-hn-X-cWw sNøWw. `qtk- \ - b n- e qsStbm Kh¨sa‚ v GP≥kn-I-fn-eqsStbm `qc- l n- X ¿°v hoSpIƒ hbv°p-hm\pw `qanbn¬ Irjn sNøm\pw Ahkcw Hcp°Ww. 4. kv{XoI-fpsS XpeyXbv°pw kv{XoI-fpsS AhIm-i-߃°pw -th≠n \nesIm-≈Ww. Ah¿°v ho´nte°v Bh- i y- a p≈ IpSnsh≈w \¬I-Ww. kv{XoIƒ°p th≠ I°q-kp-Iƒ ]Wnb-Ww. F√m ]´-W-ß-fnepw IpSn-sh≈w FØn-°Ww. 5. t]cp-I-tfmSp tN¿∂v PmXnsb ImWn- ° p∂ kw⁄- I ƒ am‰- W w. AtXmsSm∏w Cu PmXn-t∏-cp-Iƒ am‰p∂Xn\p≈ \o°w D∂-XPm-Xn-°m¿ Bcw-`n-°p-∂-Xns\-°p-dn®v Icp-X¬ thWw. PmXn-t∏-cp-Iƒ amdp-∂-Xn-t\msSm∏w Ah- c psS e£yw ]nt∂m- ° - h n- ` m- K - ß - f psS {]tXyI Ah-kc kn≤m¥w \in-∏n-°pI IqSn-bm-bncn-°c - pXv, AXn¬ Icp-X¬ thWw. 6. PmXn k{º- Z m- b Ønse Hcp A¥¿eo\ \nbaw BWv cmPy-Øns‚ i‡nbpw Ignhpw \in- ∏ n- ° p- I . PmXn Bg-Øn¬ thcq-∂nb ]c- º - c m- K X kz`m- h - ß ƒ krjvSn- ° p- ∂ p. {]tXyI kz`m-h-߃ {]tXyI PmXnI-fn¬ HXp-ßp-∂p. cmPyØv i‡nbpw Ignhpw AXns‚ ^e-ambn hc≠p t]mIp-∂p. temI-Øn¬ C¥y-sb-am{Xw \in-∏n-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ Cu PmXnk{º-Zm-bsØ \n¿Ωm¿-
÷\w sNø-Ww. 7. Bbn-c-am-bncw h¿jß-fmbn a¿±n-X-cmb P\-ßfpsS ]c- º - c m- K X kz`m- h ߃ am‰p-∂-Xn\v Ah¿°p {]tXyI Ah-k-c-߃ \¬I-Ww. F¶n¬ am{Xta a’c Hm´w Xpey-am-Iq. PmXn-k{º- Z m- b sØ \ne- \ n- d p- Ø ns°m≠v ka-Xz-tØ-°p-dn®p kwkm-cn-°p-∂h - ¿ h©-Itcm aTb-∑mtcm BWv. PmXn-Iƒ XΩn¬ Xpey-X-bp-≠m-I-Wsa-¶n¬ PmXn C√mbva sNøWw. PmXn \n¿Ωm¿÷\w sNøp-∂X - n\v ]nt∂m° PmXnIƒ°v {]tXyI Ah- k - c ߃ \¬I-Ww. Imcy-£-aX ]cn- K - W - \ - b n- s e- S p- ° msX C¥y-bnse kv{XoIƒ, iq{Z¿, Zfn-Xp-Iƒ, BZn-hm-kn-Iƒ aX- \ yq- \ - ] - £ - ß - f nse ]nt∂m° PmXn- ° m¿ F∂nh¿°v Adp- ] Xp iX- a m\w kwh-c-W-a-\p-h-Zn-°-Ww. 8. aX- ] - c hpw kmaqlyhpw kmº- Ø n- I - h p- a mb ]cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ cmjv{Sob ]cn]m-Sn-tbm-sSm∏w \S-Ø-Ww. \qdp-I-W-°n\p an{i-t`m-P-\߃ ssZ\w-Zn-\] - c - n-]m-Sn-bm-hWw. `qc- l nX I¿j- I ¿°v `qan-bpsS ]p\¿hn-X-c-W-Øneq-sStbm `qtk-\b - n-eq-sStbm Irjn sNøp- h m≥ `qanbpw hoSpw Dd-∏p-h-cp-Ø-Ww. aXØn¬ \n∂pw PmXn-tb-°p-dn®p≈ AXns‚ hrØn-tI-SpIƒ am‰-Ww. apc-Sn-°s - ∏´ P\X Xß-fpsS Dev]m-Z\ kwhn-[m\w B[p-\n-I-h¬°-cn-°p-∂-Xphsc BUw- _ - c - Ø n- t e°v \oßp-∂Xpw P\-ß-fp-ambn AI¬® h¿≤n-∏n-°p-∂-Xpamb htc- W y- h ¿§- Ø ns‚ D]- t `m- K - Ø ns‚ B[p- \ nI h¬°-cWw \n¿Øn-sh-bv°Ww. Dev]m-Z-\-Øns‚ B[p\nI h¬°-cWw GXp ]cn[n-h-sc sNdp-InS b{¥-Øn-eq-
sSbpw GXv Af- h p- h sc h≥InS b{¥- Ø n- e q- s Sbpw \SØmw F∂-Xn-s\-°p-dn®v kwhm-Z-Øn\v Ah-k-c-ap-≠v. F∂m¬ D]- t `m- K - Ø ns‚ B[p-\nI h¬°-c-W-Øn¬ kwhm-Z-Øn\v ÿm\w C√. \ymb-amb PohnX kuI-cy߃°v A∏p-d-ap-≈Xv A∏msS \n¿Ø-em-°-Ww. cmPy-Ønse ]nt∂m° PmXn- I - f n¬ am{Xw PmXnbpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ {]h¿Ø\w \S- Ø p∂ F√m kwL- S - \ - I fpw sXmen- ∏ p- d Øp≈ B[p-\nI h¬°-cW- Ø n\pw \nc¿∞- I hpw A]-I-S-I-c-hpamb hnL-S\ {]mtZ-inI k¶p-NnX hn`-P\-hm-Z-Øn\pw hy{KX {]I-Sn∏n-°p-∂p. Ah¿ P\-ß-fpsS hn]vf-h-Øns‚ i‡n-I-fm-Ipsa- ∂ mWv bp‡n- ` - { Z- a mbn {]Xn-£n-t°-≠-Xv. AXp P\ß-fpsS samØ-Øn-eq≈ D∂a- \ - Ø n\pw cmPy- Ø ns‚ DZv{K- Y - \ - Ø n\pw sFIyØn\pw th≠n \ne-sIm-≈psa∂ {]Xo£ k^-e-am-bn√. ImcWw Cw•ojv kwkmchpw bqtdm-]y≥ thj-hp-amWv Ah¿°v Cu kwL-S-\bpsS t\Xr-Xzhpw ÿm\-am\- ß fpw t\Sn- s °m- S p- Ø Xv F∂-Xm-Wv. Xßsf t\Xr-XzØn-se-Øn® Cu khn-ti-jX-Iƒ Dt]-£n-°m-\-h¿ Hcp°-a-√. Xß-fpsS kap-Zm-b-ßfn¬s∏-´-h¿°v XnI®pw A]I- S - I - c - a m- s W- ¶ n¬t]mepw Cu t\Xm-°-∑m¿ Ah-cpsS coXn-Iƒ XpS-cp-∂p. (1950 Ifn¬ FgpXnb teJ\ßfn¬ \n∂v)
ASpØ e°Øn¬
kwhcWØns‚ cm{„obw XpS¿teJ\߃
A¥¿[m-c
23
Imºbn≥
tIm-hn-Uv X-f¿-Øm-Ø k-a-c tI-c-fw Ip-kp-aw tPm-k-^v I¨ho\¿ ˛ F≥.F.]n.Fw
P-
\-ß-sf ho-Sp-I-fn¬ A-S-®n-´v tI-{μ-˛tI-cf k¿-°m-cp-Iƒ \-S-∏m-°p-∂ P-\-t{Zm-l \-S]-Sn-Iƒ-s°-Xn-sc P-\tcm-j-ap-b-cp-∂p. A-sX, k-a-c tI-c-fw {]-Xn-I-cn-°p-I X-s∂-bm-Wv. ka-c-ap-J-ß-fpw k-a-c-ap-d-I-fpw am-dn-bn-´p-s≠-∂p am-{Xw. k-a-c-Øn¬ bp-hm-°-fpw kv-{Xo-I-fpw {Sm≥-kvP-t‚-gv-kpw Ip-´n-I-fpw hr-≤-cpw `n-∂ti-jn-°m-cpw h-sc ]-¶m-fn-I-fm-Ip-∂p. tkmjy¬ ao-Un-b-bp-sS D-]-tbm-Kw {]-Xn-I-c-WØn-s‚ th-K-hpw hym-]v-Xn-bpw h¿-≤n-∏n-®n-´p≠v. hn-hn-[ P-\-Io-b k-a-c-k-an-Xn-I-fpw kv{Xo-kw-L-S-\-I-fpw F≥-F-]n-Fw t]m-ep-≈ ]-cn-ÿn-Xn a-\p-jym-h-Im-i kw-L-S-\-I-fpw tem-ly hn-Nm-c-th-Zn-bpw A-Xn-s‚ ap-J-]-{Xam-b A-¥¿-[m-c-bpw Dƒ-s∏-sS ]p-Xn-b Im-esØ k-a-c-sØ i-‡n-s∏-Sp-Øm-\pw ap-t∂m´p sIm-≠p-t]m-Im-\pw [o-c-am-bpw k¿-Km-flI-am-bpw C-S-s]-Sp-∂p. ho-Sp-I-fn-epw sXm-gnen-S-ß-fn-epw, sX-cp-hp-I-fn-ep-a-S-°w, km-[y-ambn-S-sØ-√mw, H-‰-°pw \m-tem - A-t©m t]cp-≈ sN-dp Iq-´-ß-fm-bpw A-h¿ {]-Xn-tj-[ap-b¿-Øn \o-Xn tX-Sp-∂p. EIA s°-Xn-sc C-¥y-bm-sI {]-Xn-tj-[n®-Xm-Wv Xp-S-°w. Xp-S¿-∂v tZ-io-b X-e-Øn¬ NAPM hn-hn-[ k-a-c-ap-J-ß-sf tIm¿-Øn-W°n-s°m-≠v H-cp k-a-c irw-J-e ]-Sp-Øp-b¿Øn. We Shall Speak (lw t_m-te-t¶) F-∂ t]-cv A-Xn-s‚ kv-]n-cn-‰v Dƒ-s°m-≠v "\n-i-–cm-°m≥ t\m-t°-≠' F-∂v a-e-bm-f-Øn-te°v \-Ωƒ sam-gn-am-‰w \-S-Øn. H-tŒm-_¿ 31\v Im-k¿-tIm-Up ap-X¬ Xn-cp-h-\-¥-]p-cw h-sc-bp-≈ P-\-Io-b k-a-cß-sf tIm¿-Øn-W° - n \-SØ - n-b We Shall Speak se ]-¶m-fn-Øw kw-Lm-S-I-sc t]m-epw A-Xni-bn-∏n-®p. Hm-tcm k-a-c k-an-Xn-bpw X-߃ D-∂-bn-°p-∂ hn-j-b-߃-s°m-∏w π-°m¿Un¬ We Shall Speak F-∂p-Iq-Sn tN¿-sØ-gp-Xp∂p. hn-hn-[ k-a-c-߃ ]-c-kv-]-cw A-dn-bm\pw {]m-tZ-in-I hn-j-b-߃-°v tZ-io-b {i-
≤ e-`n-°m-\pw C-Xv k-lm-b-I-am-bn. D-®-I-gn™v \-S-∂ online k-a-c ]m¿-e-sa‚n¬ C-cp-]Ø-t©m-fw s]m-Xp {]-iv-\-ß-sf tI-{μo-I-cn®p-≈ hn-j-bm-h-X-c-W-hpw N¿-®-bpw \-S-∂p. ta-[m ]-Sv-I¿ Dƒ-s∏-sS-bp-≈ tZ-io-b t\-Xm°ƒ ]-s¶-Sp-Øp. km-aq-ln-I am-[y-a-߃ {]Xn-tj-[ ]-cn-]m-Sn-I-fp-sS hm¿-Ø-I-fm¬ \n-d™p. \o-Xn-t_m-[-ap-≈-h-cp-sS Cu sF-Iyw X-s∂-bm-bn-cp-∂p NAPM e-£yw sh-®-Xv. kv-{Xo \o-Xn-°p-th-≠n s]¨-I-cp-Øn\m¬ kw-L-Sn-∏n-°-s∏-´ \-hw-_¿ H-∂n-s‚ e£w {]-Xn-tj-[ Pzm-e ]-¶m-fn-Øw sIm-≠pw ]-¥w-sIm-fp-Øn {]-I-S-\-߃ sIm-≠pw {it≤-b-am-bn. lm-Yv-dm-kv, hm-f-bm¿ kw-`-h-ß-fmbn-cp-∂p {]-tIm-]-\-sa-¶n-epw kv-{Xo-Iƒ-°v t\tc \-S-°p-∂ A-Xn-{I-a-߃-°v am-{X-a-√, Ip-´nIƒ-°pw {Sm≥-kvP‚-dp-Iƒ-°pw Z-fn-Xv B-Zn-hmkn \yq-\-]-£-߃-°p-sa-Xn-sc \-S-°p-∂ ]oU-\-߃-s°-Xn-sc Iq-Sn-bp-≈ tcm-jm-Kv-\n-bmbn-cp-∂p \-hw-_¿ H-∂n-\v tI-c-f-Øn-em-sI ]S¿-∂p ]n-Sn-®-Xv. A-\-[n-Ir-X Izm-dn-Iƒ-s°Xn-sc tI-c-f-Øn¬ sX-°v h-S-°v ]-›n-a-L-´ ta-J-e-bpw, C-S-\m-S≥ Ip-∂p-I-fpw tI-{μo-I-cn®v \q-dp-I-W-°n-\v k-a-c-߃ C-S-X-S-hn-√m-sX Xp-S-cp-∂p. Im-k¿-tIm-Uv Pn-√-bn¬ tIm-´-t©cn a-e-bn¬ ÿm-]n-°m≥ {i-an-°p-∂ Izm-dn-s°Xn-sc {]m-tZ-in-I-am-bn bp-hm-°ƒ B-cw-`n-® ka-cw F≥ F ]n Fw A-S-°-ap-≈ kw-L-S-\-Ifp-sS ]n-¥p-W-bm¬ tI-c-f-am-sI-bp-≈ Izm-dnIƒ-s°-Xn-sc-bp-≈ {]-Xn-tj-[-am-bn am-dn. A-Xn-c-∏n-≈n-bn¬ tXm-‰ am-^n-b-Iƒ B\-°-b-Øv Im-Sv I-tø-dn B-Zn-hm-kn-I-fm-b ImS-dp-sS Po-hn-X-sØ t]m-epw X-I¿-°p-∂-Xn-s\Xn-sc ]-cn-ÿn-Xn {]-h¿-Ø-I¿ "Im-Sn-s\m-∏w Im-S¿-s°m-∏w'F-∂ {]-t£m-`-Øn-em-Wv. HtŒm-_¿ 31\v k-a-c irw-J-e-bn-em-Wv Cu k-acw D-Zv-Lm-S-\w sN-ø-s∏-´-Xv. C-¥y-bp-sS X-e-ÿm-\ \-K-cn-bn-te-°v A∂-Zm-Xm-°-fm-b I¿-j-I¿ am¿-®v \-S-Øp-∂-Xns‚ B-th-i-I-c-am-b hm¿-Ø-Iƒ h-∂p-sIm≠n-cn-°p-tºm-gm-Wv tI-c-f-Øn¬ Cu-bn-sS \S-∂ k-a-c hm¿-Ø-Iƒ A-¥¿-[m-c-bv-°p th≠n dn-t∏m¿-´v sN-øp-∂-Xv. P-\m-[n-]-Xy C-¥y {]-Xn-tem-a-i-‡n-I-sf A-Xn-Po-hn-°p-sa-∂v Cu k-a-c-th-en-tb-‰-߃ km-£yw ]-d-bp-∂p.
{]-km-[-I k-an-Xn: ]n.]n.c-ho-{μ≥, c-ta-iv _m-_p tkm-tjym, a-e-bn≥-Io-gv i-in-Ip-am¿, F≥.Sn.sI. {io-[-c≥, Sn. ap-l-Ω-Zv A¥¿[m_-jo¿, Pn.cjm-\-hm-kv, tPm¿-Pv tP-°-_v, k-\o-jv ]-\-ßm-Sv, Fw.sI. kp-tc-jv _m-_p, hn.hn. _m-e≥ (I¨-ho-\¿)
24
Imºbn≥
I¿-j-I-tcm-Sv kw-km-cn-°m≥ D-]m-[n-I-f-cp-Xv cm-P≥ ]n sI
"R
-߃ ]-d-bp-∂n-S-Øv k-a-cw sN-bv-Xm¬ am-{Xw Un-kw-_¿ 3\v N¿-® sN-ømw' F-∂v I¿-j-I-tcm-Sv tI-{μ B-`y-¥-c-a-{¥n A-an-Xv jm ]-d-bp-∂p. \q-dp I-W-°n-\v In-tem-ao-‰-dpIƒ Xm-≠n Z¬-ln cmw-eo-em ssa-Xm-\w e-£y-am-°n \o-ßp-∂ I¿-j-I-e-£-ß-tfm-SmWv P-\m-[n-]-Xy cm-Py-sØ H-cp a-{¥n C-ßs\ ]-d-bp-∂-Xv. tem-Iw ap-gp-h≥ hn-d-ß-en®p t]m-b tIm-hn-Uv Im-e-Øv Cu \m-Sn-s\ ]-´n-Wn Iq-Sm-sX Im-°p-∂-h-tcm-Sm-Wv kw-kmcn-°m≥ D-]m-[n-I-fp-am-bn H-cp `-c-W-Iq-Sw h-cp-∂-Xv. C-¥y≥ {Km-a-ß-fp-sS Nq-cpw Np-Wbp-am-bn B¿-Ø-e-®p -h-cp-∂ I¿-j-I a-lm{]-hm-l-sØ X-S-bm≥ ]-s£ A-an-Xv jm-bpsS t]m-eo-kpw P-e-]o-c-¶n-bpw a-Xn-bm-bn-√. Cu-b-Sp-Ø Im-e-Øv tam-Zn k¿-°m¿ ]m- m°n-b H-∂n-te-sd I¿-j-I hn-cp-≤ \n-b-a-ßfn¬ {]-Xn-tj-[n-°m-\m-Wv A-h¿ H-Øp-tN¿∂-Xv. A-h-bn¬ Nn-e \n-b-a-߃ {_n-´o-jv CuÃv C-¥ym I-º-\n-bp-sS \-b-ß-sf Hm¿-Ωn-∏n°p-∂-h-bm-Wv. e-£-°-W-°n-\v I¿-j-I¿ B-fl-l-Xy sN-bv-Xn-´pw C-Øn-cn t]m-epw I-Æv \-\-bm-Ø `-c-W-Iq-Sw I¿-jI t{Zm-l \-b-߃ Xp-S-cp-I-bm-Wv. A-Xv Cu \m-Sn-s\-bm-sI \m-i-Ønte-°v \-bn-°p-sa-∂-Xn¬ kw-i-ban-√.
I¿-j-I¿ B-fl-l-Xy sN-øp-∂ \m-´n¬ A-Xn-Po-h-\w km-[y-a-s√-∂v Xn-cn-®-dn-bm-Ø \-Ωƒ I-\-Ø hn-e \¬-tI-≠n h-cpw. Ir-jn H-cp kw-kv-Im-c-am-bn-cp-∂ \m-´n¬ I¿-j-I-sc Xp-d-∂ hn-]-Wn-bn-se a-’-c-th-Zn-bn-te-°v X≈n-hn-Sp-∂-Xv N-ºm-c-\n-se \o-ew I¿-j-I-cpsS N-cn-{Xw B-h¿-Øn-°m-\n-S-bm-°pw. Zp-cnX-Øn-te-°pw a-lm£m-aØ - n-te-°pam-bn-cn-°pa-Xv \-sΩ X-≈n-hn-Sp-I. a-s‰-√m cw-K-ß-fn-epsa-∂-t]m-se em-`w am-{Xw e-£y-am-°n I¿j-I-cp-sS tNm-c-bq-‰n-°p-Sn-°m≥ A-h-k-cw ]m¿-Øn-cn-°p-∂ A-¥m-cm-{„ tIm¿-∏-td-‰v `oa-∑m-cp-sS ap-ºn-te-°v C-¥y-bn-se e-£-°-W°m-b I¿-j-I-tc-bpw sXm-gn-em-fn-I-tf-bpw X≈n-hn-Sp-∂ P-\-hn-cp-≤ \-b-߃ Xn-cp-Øn°pdn-°m-\m-Wo k-l-\-ka-cw. \-Ωp-sS s^-U-d¬ `-c-W kw-hn-[m-\sØ sh-√p-hn-fn-°p-I-bm-Wv G-I-]-£o-b-amb \n-b-a-\n¿-Ωm-W-ß-fn-eq-sS tI-{μ k¿°m¿ sN-øp-∂-Xv. Hm-tcm kw-ÿm-\-tØ-bpw Ir-jn-bpw Ir-jn co-Xn-I-fpw hy-Xy-kv-X-am-sW∂ Im-cyw hn-kv-a-cn-®p Iq-Sm. \-Ωp-sS A-∂Zm-Xm-°ƒ cm-Py X-e-ÿm-\-sØ sX-cpho-Yn-I-fn¬ A-Xn-ssi-Xy-Øn-epw Xn-f-bv°p-∂ k-a-c-ho-cy-hp-am-bn A-Wn-tN-cp-Ibm-Wv. C-¥y-bp-sS {Km-a-ß-fn-eq-sS Ct∏m-gpw Xp-S-cp-∂ Cu k-a-c-bm-{X-Iƒ-°v sF-Iy-Zm¿-Vy-hp-am-bn P-\m-[n-]-Xy hn-izmkn-Iƒ ap-gp-h≥ A-Wn-tN-tc-≠-Xp-≠v.
A¥¿[m-c
25