Colombia Internacional No. 60

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3 HUFHSFLRQHV KHPLVIpULFDV VREUH OD FULVLV FRORPELDQD HO FDVR GH (FXDGRU

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3DEOR $QGUDGH $

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3 HUFHSFLRQHV KHPLVIpULFDV VREUH OD FULVLV FRORPELDQD HO FDVR GH (FXDGRU

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3DEOR $QGUDGH $

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3 HUFHSFLRQHV KHPLVIpULFDV VREUH OD FULVLV FRORPELDQD HO FDVR GH (FXDGRU

F -B QPMÓUJDB EF TFHVSJEBE FDVBUPSJBOB &DVBEPS TF FODPOUSBCB FO NFEJP EF VOB BHVEB DSJTJT FDPOØNJDB Z QPMÓUJDB DVBOEP FM 1MBO $PMPNCJB GVF BOVODJBEP FO Z QPTUFSJPSNFOUF JNQMFNFOUBEP FO FM " CSFWFT SBTHPT MB DSJTJT FDPOØNJDB TF DBSBDUFSJ[BCB QPS VOB CSVUBM DBÓEB FO FM 1*# FDVBUPSJBOP QSPWPDBEB UBOUP QPS FM DBTJ DPMBQTP EFM TJTUFNB m OBODJFSP DPNP QPS FM EFTQMPNF FO MPT QSFDJPT EFM QFUSØMFP &O DVBOUP B MB DSJTJT QPMÓUJDB FM FOUPODFT SFDJFOUFNFOUF FMFDUP HPCJFSOP EFM QSFTJEFOUF +BNJM .BIVBE DPOGSPOUBCB JOUFOTBT EFNPTUSBDJPOFT DBMMFKFSBT BNFOB[BT EF HPMQF EF FTUBEP Z VO BNCJFOUF DBNCJBOUF DVBOEP OP GSBODBNFOUF IPTUJM FO FM $POHSFTP -B FTUSBUFHJB EFM QSFTJEFOUF .BIVBE GVF CVTDBS BQPZP QPMÓUJDP Z FDPOØNJDP FO &TUBEPT 6OJEPT NFEJBOUF EPT BDDJPOFT 1SJNFSB m SNØ VO BDVFSEP DPO FM HPCJFSOP EF &TUBEPT 6OJEPT QBSB DPOWFSUJS MB CBTF EF MB GVFS[B BÏSFB FDVBUPSJBOB FO .BOUB FO VO QVFTUP BWBO[BEP EF PQFSBDJPOFT '0- &TUF BDVFSEP GVF JONFEJBUBNFOUF DVFTUJPOBEP QPS MB PQPTJDJØO UBOUP QPS MPT QSPDFEJNJFOUPT BEPQUBEPT QPS FM HPCJFSOP QBSB OFHPDJBSMP Z BEPQUBSMP DPNP QPS MB QFSDFQDJØO EF RVF FM '0- EF .BOUB FTUBCB EJSFDUBNFOUF MJHBEP B MB FTUSBUFHJB FTUBEPVOJEFOTF IBDJB $PMPNCJB -B TFHVOEB FTUSBUFHJB JOUFSOBDJPOBM EFM QSFTJEFOUF .BIVBE

GVF CVTDBS FM BQPZP EFM HPCJFSOP EF &TUBEPT 6OJEPT QBSB BTFHVSBS VOB NFKPS SFMBDJØO DPO FM 'POEP .POFUBSJP *OUFSOBDJPOBM Z FM #BODP .VOEJBM PSHBOJTNPT RVF QPEÓBO BCSJS FM n VKP EF DSÏEJUPT JOUFSOBDJPOBMFT DFSSBEPT QPS MB JNQPTJCJMJEBE EFM HPCJFSOP FDVBUPSJBOP EF DVNQMJS TVT DPNQSPNJTPT EF EFVEB FYUFSOB 5BNCJÏO FTUB TFHVOEB FTUSBUFHJB JOUFOTJm DØ FM DPOn JDUP FOUSF FM HPCJFSOP Z MB PQPTJDJØO QBSMBNFOUBSJB Z FYUSB QBSMBNFOUBSJB &M HPCJFSOP EFM QSFTJEFOUF .BIVBE DPOGSPOUBCB BEFNÈT VO HJHBOUFTDP EÏm DJU QSFTVQVFTUBSJP FRVJWBMFOUF BM EFM 1*# RVF UFOEÓB B BHSBWBSTF UBOUP QPS TV EFTBDFSUBEB QPMÓUJDB EF NBOFKP EF MB DSJTJT CBODBSJB DPNP QPS MB BDDJØO EF MBT SFTUSJDDJPOFT FDPOØNJDBT FYUFSOBT &O FTUBT DPOEJDJPOFT FM 1SFTJEFOUF BWBO[Ø VOB EF TVT JOJDJBUJWBT NÈT EFTBDFSUBEBT *OUFOUØ BQSPWFDIBS MBT HBOBODJBT EF MB QB[ OFHPDJBEB DPO 1FSÞ QBSB SFBMJ[BS SFDPSUFT FO FM QSFTVQVFTUP EF MBT GVFS[BT BSNBEBT FDVBUPSJBOBT DPOTJTUFOUFT FO SFTUSJDDJPOFT FO MB BERVJTJDJØO EF OVFWP BSNBNFOUP Z FO FM DPOHFMBNJFOUP EF MPT TVFMEPT EF MPT NJMJUBSFT &TUBT NFEJEBT BMBSNBSPO B VOBT GVFS[BT BSNBEBT EF QPS TÓ ZB QSFPDVQBEBT QPS MB JOFTUBCJMJEBE QPMÓUJDB EFM QBÓT MP RVF GBDJMJUØ RVF DPO PDBTJØO EF MBT EFNPTUSBDJPOFT EF EFTDPOUFOUP QPQVMBS RVF TJHVJFSPO BM BOVODJP EFM 1SFTJEFOUF EF BEPQUBS FM

6OB FTUSBUFHJB TJNJMBS DPO FGFDUPT QBSFDJEPT GVF JNQMFNFOUBEB QPS FM 1SFTJEFOUF (VUJÏSSF[ EFTEF FM JOJDJP EF TV HPCJFSOP


3DEOR $QGUDGH $

EØMBS FTUBEPVOJEFOTF DPNP NPOFEB OBDJPOBM VO TFDUPS EF MBT 'VFS[BT "SNBEBT UPNBSB QBSUF BDUJWB FO VO FYJUPTP HPMQF EF &TUBEP RVF SFNPWJØ BM QSFTJEFOUF .BIVBE Z MP TVTUJUVZP FM WJDFQSFTJEFOUF (VTUBWP /PCPB &M HPMQF EF &TUBEP UVWP DPOTFDVFODJBT JOUFSOBT QBSB MBT 'VFS[BT "SNBEBT &DVBUPSJBOBT &M $PNBOEP $POKVOUP GVF SFOPWBEP VO BNQMJP OÞNFSP EF Pm DJBMFT EFM "MUP .BOEP EFM &KÏSDJUP DPSPOFMFT UFOJFOUF DPSPOFMFT Z NBZPSFT GVFSPO EBEPT EF CBKB MP RVF JODSFNFOUØ MB EFCJMJEBE JOUFSOB EF MB SBNB USBEJDJPOBMNFOUF NÈT GVFSUF EF MBT 'VFS[BT "SNBEBT &DVBUPSJBOBT &O FTUF DMJNB FM HPCJFSOP EFM QSFTJEFOUF /PCPB UPNØ JOJDJBUJWBT QBSB BWBO[BS EFTEF FM JOUFSJPS EFM .JOJTUFSJP EF %FGFOTB VO QSPDFTP EF SFGPSNB EF MB EPDUSJOB NJMJUBS EF MBT 'VFS[BT "SNBEBT Z TJNVMUÈOFBNFOUF DSFBS VOB QPMÓUJDB EF TFHVSJEBE QBSB DPOGSPOUBS MPT FGFDUPT EFM DPOn JDUP DPMPNCJBOP &O NBS[P EFM MB 4FDSFUBSÓB EFM $POTFKP EF 4FHVSJEBE /BDJPOBM $04&/" JOJDJØ MB FMBCPSBDJØO EF VOB i1PMÓUJDB EF 4FHVSJEBE QBSB MB 'SPOUFSB /PSUFw RVF GVF BEPQUBEB NFEJBOUF %FDSFUP &KFDVUJWP 3FHJTUSP 0m DJBM EFM EF NBZP EF -B 1PMÓUJDB EF 4FHVSJEBE EF MB 'SPOUFSB /PSUF QSFWFÓB VOB JOUFOTJm DBDJØO EF MPT FGFDUPT EFM DPOn JDUP DPMPNCJBOP FO &DVBEPS QPS MP RVF CVTDBCB MPHSBS DJODP PCKFUJWPT QSPUFHFS B MB QPCMBDJØO GSPOUFSJ[B QSPNPWFS FM EFTBSSPMMP FDPOØNJDP Z TPDJBM EF MBT QSPWJODJBT GSPOUFSJ[BT

GPSUBMFDFS B MB GVFS[B QÞCMJDB W H 1PMJDÓB /BDJPOBM FO MB 'SPOUFSB /PSUF SBUJm DBS MB EPDUSJOB EF OP JOUFSWFODJØO FO BTVOUPT JOUFSOPT EF PUSPT QBÓTFT Z BUSBFS MB DPPQFSBDJØO JOUFSOBDJPOBM -B 1PMÓUJDB EF 4FHVSJEBE DSFØ USFT DVSTPT EF BDDJØO EFM &TUBEP FDVBUPSJBOP RVF IBO DPOUJOVBEP SFMBUJWBNFOUF JOBMUFSBEPT IBTUB FM QSFTFOUF QBSB DVNQMJS MPT PCKFUJWPT EF EFTBSSPMMP FDPOØNJDP Z TPDJBM Z EF BUSBDDJØO EF MB DPPQFSBDJØO JOUFSOBDJPOBM FM HPCJFSOP DSFØ MB 6OJEBE EF %FTBSSPMMP EF MB 'SPOUFSB /PSUF 6%&/03 " m O EF BUSBFS MB DPPQFSBDJØO JOUFSOBDJPOBM Z NBOUFOFS BM QBÓT GVFSB EF MPT BTVOUPT JOUFSOPT DPMPNCJBOPT FM .JOJTUFSJP EF 3FMBDJPOFT &YUFSJPSFT IB EFTBSSPMMBEP BDDJPOFT FO PSHBOJTNPT NVMUJMBUFSBMFT EF DPPQFSBDJØO JOUFSOBDJPOBM Z PUSPT GPSPT JOUFSOBDJPOBMFT FTQFDJBMNFOUF FO /BDJPOFT 6OJEBT 'JOBMNFOUF DPO FM QSPQØTJUP EF QSPUFHFS B MB QPCMBDJØO GSPOUFSJ[B Z NFKPSBS MB Fm DBDJB EF MB GVFS[B QÞCMJDB FM .JOJTUFSJP EF %FGFOTB DSFØ FO FM VO QMBO PQFSBUJWP QBSB MB 'SPOUFSB /PSUF FM DVBM GVF NÈT UBSEF JODPSQPSBEP B MB 1PMÓUJDB EF %FGFOTB /BDJPOBM FO FM .JOJTUFSJP EF %FGFOTB Z FM .JOJTUFSJP EF (PCJFSOP JOJDJØ VO QMBO EF NFKPSBNJFOUP EF MBT DBQBDJEBEFT PQFSBUJWBT EF MB 1PMJDÓB /BDJPOBM DPOTJTUFOUF FO MB BERVJTJDJØO EF FRVJQPT Z FM BVNFOUP EFM OÞNFSP EF QPMJDÓBT &O FM DBNQP EF MB DPPQFSBDJØO JOUFSOBDJPOBM FM QMBO JOJDJBM EF 6%&/03 QSFWFÓB BUSBFS VO BNQMJP FTQFDUSP EF BHFODJBT


3 HUFHSFLRQHV KHPLVIpULFDV VREUH OD FULVLV FRORPELDQD HO FDVR GH (FXDGRU

HVCFSOBNFOUBMFT JOUFSOBDJPOBMFT QBSB m OBODJBS VO BNCJDJPTP i1SPHSBNB EF %FTBSSPMMP 1SFWFOUJWP "MUFSOBUJWP Z EF 3FBDUJWBDJØO 4PDJBMw 6%&/03 RVF DPNQSFOEF DJODP DPNQPOFOUFT *OGSBFTUSVDUVSB 4PDJBM *OGSBFTUSVDUVSB 1SPEVDUJWB %FTBSSPMMP 1SPEVDUJWP %FTBSSPMMP &DPOØNJDB Z (FTUJØO -PDBM Z $POTFSWBDJØO EFM NFEJP BNCJFOUF &O DPPSEJOBDJØO DPO FM .JOJTUFSJP EF 3FMBDJPOFT FYUFSJPSFT 6%&/03 JOJDJØ VOB DBNQB×B EF CÞTRVFEB EF m OBODJBNJFOUP JOUFSOBDJPOBM RVF FO PDUVCSF EF MMFWØ B MB SFVOJØO FO #SVTFMBT EF VO (SVQP $POTVMUJWP EF %POBOUFT DPOGPSNBEP QPS QBÓTFT BHFODJBT EF DPPQFSBDJØO JOUFSOBDJPOBM Z VO DPOTPSDJP EF FNQSFTBT QSJWBEBT "VORVF FO FTUB PDBTJØO 6%&/03 SFDJCJØ PGFSUBT QPS 64 NJMMPOFT MBT RVF OP MPHSBSPO DPODSFUBSTF %F NBOFSB RVF FO MB QSÈDUJDB FO MPT ÞMUJNPT USFT B×PT MPT QSJODJQBMFT QSPHSBNBT EF 6%&/03 IBO TJEP m OBODJBEPT QPS VO TPMP EPOBOUF MB "HFODJB *OUFSOBDJPOBM QBSB FM %FTBSSPMMP EF &TUBEPT 6OJEPT 64"*% (V[NÈO 4J DVBOEP GVF DSFBEB FO FM 6%&/03 IBCÓB QBSUJEP EF VO EJBHOØTUJDP EF MB 'SPOUFSB /PSUF DPNP VO ÈSFB EF QPUFODJBM FYQBOTJØO EF BDUJWJEBEFT EFM OBSDPUSÈm DP Z TV PCKFUJWP GVOEBNFOUBM FSB QSFWFOJS UBM FTDFOBSJP NFEJBOUF FM EFTBSSPMMP FDPOØNJDP Z TPDJBM EF MB SFHJØO QPS MB EFQFOEFODJB FDPOØNJDB DPO 64"*% FTUB ØQUJDB TF IB JOUFOTJm DBEP Z BQSPYJNBEP B MB EPDUSJOB EF 64"*% TPCSF FM EFTBSSPMMP BMUFSOBUJWP RVF BQMJDB FO $PMPNCJB

&TQJOPTB (V[NÈO %F JHVBM NBOFSB UBOUP QPS MBT DPOEJDJPOFT EF m OBODJBNJFOUP JNQVFTUBT QPS "*% DPNP QPS MBT MJNJUBDJPOFT QSPQJBT EF VOB BHFODJB BE IPD EF DSFBDJØO SFDJFOUF RVF QBEFDF 6%&/03 IB BEPQUBEP VO NPEFMP EF USBCBKP NFEJBOUF TVCDPOUSBUPT PUPSHBEPT B QSPWFFEPSFT EF CJFOFT Z TFSWJDJPT QSJWBEPT DPNQB×ÓBT PSHBOJ[BDJPOFT OP HVCFSOBNFOUBMFT Z PSHBOJ[BDJPOFT EF CBTF &TUF NPEFMP IB HFOFSBEP VOB EJWJTJØO EF UBSFBT RVF QVFEF TFS QFSKVEJDJBM QBSB FM GVODJPOBNJFOUP FO FM MBSHP QMB[P EF MB 6OJEBE Z RVF DJFSUBNFOUF FO MP JONFEJBUP OP IB GBDJMJUBEP MB SFMBDJØO FOUSF BHFODJBT HVCFSOBNFOUBMFT DFOUSBMFT OBDJPOBMFT HPCJFSOPT MPDBMFT Z TPDJFEBE MPDBM &TUF NPEFMP EF IFDIP FT VOB TJNQMF FYQBOTJØO EF MBT SFMBDJPOFT FTUBCMFDJEBT FOUSF 6%&/03 DPNP PSHBOJTNP DPPSEJOBEPS Z DPOUSBQBSUJEB OBDJPOBM 64"*% DPNP m OBODJTUB Z MB 0SHBOJ[BDJØO *OUFSOBDJPOBM QBSB MBT .JHSBDJPOFT 0*. DPNP BHFODJB FKFDVUPSB EF MPT QSPZFDUPT EF EFTBSSPMMP 5BOUP QPS MB MØHJDB EFM NPEFMP EF QSPZFDUPT EF EFTBSSPMMP BEPQUBEP DPNP QPS MBT DPOEJDJPOFT QSPQJBT EF MBT DPNVOJEBEFT BUFOEJEBT QPS FM i1SPHSBNB EF %FTBSSPMMP 1SFWFOUJWPyw MB FKFDVDJØO SFBM EFM QSPHSBNB TF IB DPODFOUSBEP FO DPOTUSVJS DBNJOPT SFQBSBS QVFOUFT Z QSPWFFS TFSWJDJPT CÈTJDPT UBMFT DPNP BHVB QPUBCMF Z BMDBOUBSJMMBEP P MFUSJOBT FT EFDJS FO BDDJPOFT QVOUVBMFT EF EPUBDJØO EF JOGSBFTUSVDUVSB CÈTJDB


3DEOR $QGUDGH $

-PT QSPZFDUPT FTQFDÓm DBNFOUF EJTF×BEPT QBSB QSPWFFS EF BMUFSOBUJWBT EF FNQMFP GVFSPO FTDBTPT Z TØMP BUFOEJFSPO B QPCMBDJPOFT QFRVF×BT Z MPT DPNQPOFOUFT EFM QSPHSBNB NÈT DMBSBNFOUF SFMBDJPOBEPT DPO VOB QPMÓUJDB BOUJOBSDØUJDPT TF IBO EJMVJEP FO VO DPOKVOUP NÈT P NFOPT JODPOFYP Z FWFOUVBM EF BDDJPOFT FEVDBUJWBT 6%&/03 "OESBEF "EJDJPOBMNFOUF FM NPEFMP EF USBCBKP SFMBDJØO DPO MB QPCMBDJØO BEPQUBEP QPS 6%&/03 IB HFOFSBEP UFOTJPOFT FOUSF FM HPCJFSOP DFOUSBM FDVBUPSJBOP Z MPT HPCJFSOPT QSPWJODJBMFT &O GFCSFSP EFM FO 4VDVNCÓPT Z FO GFCSFSP EFM FO 0SFMMBOB Z 4VDVNCÓPT MPT HPCJFSOPT MPDBMFT DPO BQPZP EF MB QPCMBDJØO PSHBOJ[BSPO TFOEPT QBSPT QBSB EFNBOEBS EFM HPCJFSOP DFOUSBM MB QSPWJTJØO EF SFDVSTPT Z TFSWJDJPT CÈTJDPT UBMFT DPNP DPOTUSVDDJØO EF DBNJOPT FMFDUSJm DBDJØO Z TFHVSJEBE $PNP SFTVMUBEP EF MBT QSFTJPOFT EJSFDUBT OP JOTUJUVDJPOBMFT EF MPT HPCJFSOPT MPDBMFT TF JODPSQPSBSPO OVFWBT BDUJWJEBEFT Z QSPZFDUPT BM QMBO EF 6%&/03 QBSB FM VOB TJUVBDJØO RVF BNFOB[Ø DPO SFQFUJSTF FO NBZP EFM %FCF DPOTJEFSBSTF VO FMFNFOUP BEJDJPOBM B MB IPSB EF FYBNJOBS MB HFTUJØO BDUVBM EF 6%&/03 ÏTUF FT MBT QFDVMJBSJEBEFT EFM BDUVBM HPCJFSOP FDVBUPSJBOP &O FGFDUP UPEB WF[ RVF FM BDUVBM QSFTJEFOUF -VDJP (VUJÏSSF[ GVF QPTFTJPOBEP MB

BENJOJTUSBDJØO EF 6%&/03 GVF SFFNQMB[BEB DPO NJMJUBOUFT EFM QBSUJEP EFM 1SFTJEFOUF 4PDJFEBE 1BUSJØUJDB BEJDJPOBMNFOUF MB CBTF FMFDUPSBM F JODMVTP PSHBOJ[BDJPOBM EF 4PDJFEBE 1BUSJØUJDB TF FODVFOUSB CÈTJDBNFOUF FO MBT QSPWJODJBT EF MB "NB[POÓB FDVBUPSJBOB $BNCJPT TJNJMBSFT FO PUSBT BHFODJBT HVCFSOBNFOUBMFT DVZB BDUJWJEBE TF EFTBSSPMMB QSJPSJUBSJBNFOUF FO FTUB ÈSFB HFPHSÈm DB QBSFDFSÓBO JOEJDBS RVF FM BDUVBM HPCJFSOP IB BODMBEP m SNFNFOUF MB UFOEFODJB B DPOWFSUJS B 6%&/03 FO VO NFDBOJTNP EF JOUFSNFEJBDJØO QBUSØO DMJFOUF FOUSF FM HPCJFSOP OBDJPOBM Z MPT FMFDUPSFT EF MBT QSPWJODJBT BNB[ØOJDBT &O DVBOUP BM QMBOP FTUSJDUBNFOUF NJMJUBS Z QPMJDJBM MB EPDUSJOB QSFWBMFDJFOUF FO MBT 'VFS[BT "SNBEBT &DVBUPSJBOBT '"& TPTUJFOF RVF i<MPT> FGFDUPT OFHBUJWPT <EFM DPOn JDUP DPMPNCJBOP> EFUFSNJOBSÈO FM QFSNBOFOUF FNQMFP EF MBT 'VFS[BT "SNBEBT FO NJTJPOFT EF QSPUFDDJØO EF GSPOUFSBT QBSB HBSBOUJ[BS FM JNQFSJP EF MB MFZ Z QSPUFHFS B MBT DPNVOJEBEFT GSPOUFSJ[BT Z MPT SFDVSTPT w 1PMÓUJDB EF MB %FGFOTB /BDJPOBM EFM &DVBEPS &O DPOHSVFODJB DPO FTUF EJBHOØTUJDP B QBSUJS EFM MBT 'VFS[BT "SNBEBT IBO PQUBEP QPS VOB FTUSBUFHJB EF SFGPS[BNJFOUP Z FYQBOTJØO EF TV QSFTFODJB FO MB 'SPOUFSB /PSUF 1BSB BWBO[BS FTUB FTUSBUFHJB MBT '"& USBTMBEBSPO FM QVFTUP EF NBOEP EF MB $VBSUB %JWJTJØO FODBSHBEB EF MB

0*1"; 5FTUJNPOJPT EF 'SPOUFSB %FSFDIPT )VNBOPT Z 1MBO $PMPNCJB 2VJUP %JÈMPHP EPDVNFOUP i"TBNCMFB #JQSPWJODJBM 0SFMMBOB 4VDVNCÓPT "DVFSEPw NBS[P EF


3 HUFHSFLRQHV KHPLVIpULFDV VREUH OD FULVLV FRORPELDQD HO FDVR GH (FXDGRU

SFHJØO OPSPSJFOUBM EFM &DVBEPS EF 1BTUB[B 1SPWJODJB EF 1BTUB[B FO FM TVS EF MB "NB[POÓB B $PDB 1SPWJODJB EF 0SFMMBOB FO FM DFOUSP OPSUF EF MB "NB[POÓB IBO BVNFOUBEP FM OÞNFSP EF FGFDUJWPT FO FM UFSSFOP FOUSF Z IPNCSFT MBT DJGSBT WBSÓBO TFHÞO MB GVFOUF IBO DSFBEP VOJEBEFT BÏSFBT Z GVFS[BT EF UBSFB EF SFTQVFTUB SÈQJEB IBO NFKPSBEP FM FOUSFOBNJFOUP Z TF IBO SFBDUJWBEP FTDVFMBT EF TFMWB &TUP FO FM UFSSJUPSJP DPOUJOFOUBM FDVBUPSJBOP QFSP BEFNÈT BQSPWFDIBOEP MBT GBDJMJEBEFT PGSFDJEBT QPS FM '0- EF .BOUB FO FM MB GVFS[B BÏSFB USBTMBEØ TV QSJODJQBM QVFTUP EF DPNBOEP EF MB CBTF EF 5BVSB FO MB 1SPWJODJB EFM (VBZBT B MB CBTF EF .BOUB MP RVF FO MB QSÈDUJDB TJHOJm DB VOB NBZPS DPCFSUVSB EFM FTQBDJP BÏSFP DFSDBOP DPO $PMPNCJB FO DPOUSBTUF DPO FM USBEJDJPOBM DPOUSPM EFM FTQBDJP BÏSFP DFSDBOP B 1FSÞ &M GPSUBMFDJNJFOUP EF MB QSFTFODJB NJMJUBS FO MB GSPOUFSB DPO $PMPNCJB MFT IB QFSNJUJEP B MBT GVFS[BT BSNBEBT &DVBUPSJBOBT MMFWBS BEFMBOUF USFT QMBOFT EF TFHVSJEBE FO MBT QSPWJODJBT EF 4VDVNCÓPT Z 0SFMMBOB i%FGFOTB *OUFSOBw i4FHVSJEBE $JVEBEBOBw Z i"QPZP "OUJOBSDØUJDPTw 4PMBNFOUF FM QMBO EF EFGFOTB JOUFSOB FT EF SFTQPOTBCJMJEBE FYDMVTJWB EF MBT 'VFS[BT "SNBEBT &M QMBO DPNQSFOEF PODF CBUBMMPOFT EFM FKÏSDJUP VOB VOJEBE IFMJUSBOTQPSUBEB FTUBDJPOBEB FO $PDB EPT HSVQPT EF DPNCBUF Z USBOTQPSUF EF USPQBT VOP FO -BHP "HSJP FM "MB EF $PNCBUF Z PUSP FO 1VZP QSPWJODJB EFM /BQP

BEFNÈT FYJTUFO EPT HSVQPT EF GVFS[BT DPNCJOBEPT EF MB .BSJOB FM &KÏSDJUP Z MB 'VFS[B "ÏSFB FTUBDJPOBEPT FO 4VDVNCÓPT -B DPPSEJOBDJØO FOUSF MBT USFT BMBT EF MBT 'VFS[BT "SNBEBT FO MB 'SPOUFSB /PSUF TF SFBMJ[B B USBWÏT EF MB *7 %JWJTJØO FO MB 'VFS[B EF 5BSFB $POKVOUB MB .BSJOB UJFOF EPT DBQJUBOÓBT EF QVFSUP DPO CBSDPT QBSB PQFSBDJPOFT n VWJBMFT FO 1VFSUP &M $BSNFO Z 4VTIVm OEJ FO 4VDVNCÓPT Z 0SFMMBOB Z VOB DBQJUBOÓB FO 4BO -PSFO[P &TNFSBMEBT &M $PNFSDJP EF EJDJFNCSF EFM " %F JHVBM NBOFSB MB QSFTFODJB NJMJUBS FO $BSDIJ IB TJEP SFGPS[BEB DPO EPT CSJHBEBT EF 'VFS[BT &TQFDJBMFT JOTUBMBEBT FO 5VMDÈO .ÈT SFDJFOUFNFOUF EFDMBSBDJPOFT EF MPT DPNBOEBOUFT EF MB * Z *7 %JWJTJPOFT EFM &KÏSDJUP Bm SNBCBO RVF MB * %JWJTJØO QPESÓB NPWJMJ[BS SÈQJEBNFOUF IPNCSFT IFMJDØQUFSPT 6OJEBE )FMJUSBOTQPSUBEB Z BWJPOFT VO HSVQP BÏSFP DPO TFEF FO 2VJUP B MBT QSPWJODJBT EF &TNFSBMEBT Z $BSDIJ FO IPSBT &M $PNFSDJP EF NBZP EF " -B JOGPSNBDJØO EJTQPOJCMF JOEJDB FOUPODFT RVF MBT GVFS[BT BSNBEBT UJFOFO SFDVSTPT EF JOUFMJHFODJB BSNBNFOUP Z IPNCSFT TVm DJFOUFT QBSB SFBMJ[BS QBUSVMMBT QFSNBOFOUFT FO MBT GSPOUFSBT Z PSHBOJ[BS SFTQVFTUBT BSNBEBT BOUF QPTJCMFT JODVSTJPOFT EF HSVQPT JSSFHVMBSFT DPMPNCJBOPT &TUB OVFWB TJUVBDJØO FTUSBUÏHJDB CBTUBOUF EJTUJOUB B MB RVF QSFWBMFDÓB FO MB GSPOUFSB DPO $PMPNCJB BOUFT EFM FT VO MPHSP RVF IB TJEP TJTUFNÈUJDBNFOUF BQPZBEP QPS &TUBEPT


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*LRYDQQL 0DQWLOOD

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*REHUQDU \ DVHJXUDU

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*LRYDQQL 0DQWLOOD

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*LRYDQQL 0DQWLOOD

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*REHUQDU \ DVHJXUDU

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*LRYDQQL 0DQWLOOD

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EF MB BNFOB[B FO FM FTQBDJP BCJFSUP SFTVMUB TJO NÈT FO MB QSPEVDDJØO EF VO FGFDUP EF VCJDVJEBE EF MB TPTQFDIB FO FM FTQBDJP DPSSFTQPOEJFOUF B MB [POB DPO DPOTFDVFODJBT FTQFDÓm DBT TPCSF MB QPCMBDJØO RVF MB IBCJUB -B VCJDVJEBE EF MB BNFOB[B P EF MB TPTQFDIB DPOUSJCVZF FGFDUJWBNFOUF B MB FTUJHNBUJ[BDJØO EF MB QPCMBDJØO FO QBSUJDVMBS TJ TF UJFOF FO DVFOUB RVF MB iBNFOB[B UFSSPSJTUBw TF DBSBDUFSJ[B QPS TV JOWJTJCJMJEBE F JNQSFWJTJCJMJEBE -BT DPOTFDVFODJBT FWJEFOUFT EF MP BOUFSJPS IBO TJEP QPS FKFNQMP FM JODSFNFOUP FO MBT EFUFODJPOFT NBTJWBT FM BTFTJOBUP EF TJOEJDBMJTUBT F JOEÓHFOBT FO MPT UFSSJUPSJPT EPOEF TF FODVFOUSBO JOTUBMBEBT MBT [POBT EF SFIBCJMJUBDJØO "TÓ EFOUSP EF MBT [POBT EF SFIBCJMJUBDJØO MB UPUBMJEBE EF MB QPCMBDJØO RVFEB DVCJFSUB DPNP QPS VO NBOUP EF TPTQFDIB &M EJTQPTJUJWP FT TVTDFQUJCMF EF DPMBSTF QPS MPT NVSPT EF MPT IPHBSFT MBT FTDVFMBT Z MPT IPTQJUBMFT BCBSDBOEP MB UPUBMJEBE EFM DVFSQP TPDJBM P EF MB QPCMBDJØO RVF IBCJUB FO FTBT [POBT FO EPOEF UPEPT FTUÈO B NFSDFE EF VOB EFOVODJB -B WJHJMBODJB EFM PSEFO FT PNOJQSFTFOUF FTQFSBOEP B RVF FO DVBMRVJFS JOTUBOUF TF BDUJWF MB TPTQFDIB TPCSF DVBMRVJFSB EF MPT IBCJUBOUFT EF MB [POB -BT [POBT EF SFIBCJMJUBDJØO Z DPOTPMJEBDJØO QBSFDFO FOUPODFT DPSSFTQPOEFS B FTB AOVFWB FDPOPNÓB FTUBUBM EF ASBDJPOBMJ[BS FM FKFSDJDJP EFM QPEFS FO UBOUP TF DPOWJFSUFO FO FTQBDJPT DPO GSPOUFSBT EFNBSDBEBT TPO EFDMBSBEBT [POBT AFTQFDJBMFT FO EPOEF MBT BMBSNBT TF EFCFO BDUJWBS


*REHUQDU \ DVHJXUDU

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*LRYDQQL 0DQWLOOD

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*LRYDQQL 0DQWLOOD

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*LRYDQQL 0DQWLOOD

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- X DQ *DEULHO 7RNDWOLDQ

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B SFFMFDDJØO FO FM EFM QSFTJEFOUF (FPSHF 8 #VTI IB IFDIP NÈT WJTJCMF MB EJWJTJØO FOUSF MP RVF QBSFDF TFS VOB OBDJØO NJOPSJUBSJB Z QPTNPEFSOB Z VOB DBEB WF[ NÈT BNQMJB OBDJØO QSFNPEFSOB FO &TUBEPT 6OJEPT -B QSJNFSB FT VSCBOB TFDVMBS DPTNPQPMJUB NVMUJDVMUVSBM Z QMVSBMJTUB MB TFHVOEB FT TFNJSVSBM TVCVSCBOB SFMJHJPTB DPNVOJUBSJB VOJGPSNJTUB Z TFDUBSJB 1BSB MB QSJNFSB MB JOUFSWFODJØO EFM &TUBEP FO NBUFSJB TPDJBM FDPOØNJDB Z FEVDBUJWB FT BÞO GVOEBNFOUBM QBSB MB TFHVOEB DVBMRVJFS JOUSPNJTJØO EFM HPCJFSOP DFOUSBM FO MPT BTVOUPT QSJWBEPT P JNQPTJUJWPT FT VO FYDFTP -PT WBMPSFT IÈCJUPT Z QSÈDUJDBT EF VOB Z PUSB OBDJØO TPO EJTÓNJMFT 6OB DPOm HVSB VOB TVCDVMUVSB BCJFSUB BM NVOEP MB PUSB FT SFGSBDUBSJB GSFOUF BM FYUFSJPS &TUB FMFDDJØO FT VOB QSVFCB EF MB DPOTJEFSBCMF QVHOBDJEBE FOUSF FTUBT EPT OBDJPOFT &M SFTVMUBEP NÈT QSFWJTJCMF FO NBUFSJB JOUFSOBDJPOBM RVF TF EFSJWB EFM OVFWP USJVOGP EF #VTI FT RVF MPT TFDUPSFT JOUFSOPT NÈT CFMJDPTPT Z PCTUJOBEPT QPESÈO DPOTPMJEBS MB UBSFB ZB JOJDJBEB EFTQVÏT EFM PODF EF TFQUJFNCSF EF SFPSEFOBNJFOUP NBTJWP EFM TJTUFNB NVOEJBM &TUP DPOEVDJSÈ QSPCBCMFNFOUF B VOB QPMÓUJDB FYUFSJPS NÈT BMUJWB BSSJFTHBEB Z BHSFTJWB

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7ÏBTF XXX XIJUFIPVTF HPW OFXT SFMFBTFT 7ÏBTF XXX DEJ PSH CVEHFU XPSME NJMJUBSZ TQFOEJOH DGN


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&ULVLV FRORPELDQD 8QD SHUVSHFWLYD SDQDPHxD

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&ULVLV FRORPELDQD 8QD SHUVSHFWLYD SDQDPHxD

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