魏瑛娟《西夏旅館.蝴蝶書》試閱本

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封面/Book Cover 目錄/Content 總編輯的話/From the Editor in Chief 導言/Introduction 《西夏旅館.蝴蝶書》創作自述 《西夏旅館.蝴蝶書》劇本 附錄1 影音精選/Video Clips 附錄2 劇照精選/Photos 附錄3 劇作家魏瑛娟簡介 附錄4 創作社劇團簡介/Creative Society 附錄5 首演資 附錄6 幕後製作相關 附錄7 延伸閱讀與迴響評論 台灣現代戲劇 表演影音資料庫簡介/About ETI, Electronic Theater Intermix in Taiwan 15. 版權/Copyright 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14.

西夏旅館.蝴蝶書

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總編輯的話

《表演臺灣彙編:劇本,設計,技術,1943~》Performing

Taiwan:

Script, Design, Stagecraft, 1943– 是一套以「台灣現代戲劇曁表演影音資 料庫」(eti-tw.com)典藏爲基礎的電子叢書,由中央大學黑盒子表演 藝術中心和戲劇曁表演研究室協力完成,文化部補助出版。為了在電 子閱讀的新時代,更全面地捕捉劇場

個古老表演媒介的立體風姿,

套叢書透過新的編輯概念與發行平台,不 調影音資

收納了文字書寫,更強

的同步閱讀,在每本電子書裡都收入一定比例的影音片段

或圖像劇照。 2010年,我國的《文化創意產業發展法》在「刪減藝術補助」與「創 意產業升級」和「經濟加

」的經濟語境中登臺亮相。臺灣的表演藝

術從業者熱情無限,看似活力迸發的文化一隅,但專業化尚未完成, 距離產業化仍待努力。可是在文創的全球語境中,我們又似乎很難置 身其外。

部叢書的出版,無非是希望在探索臺灣表演藝術邁向專業

化甚至產業化的過程中,累積一些發展的資產,嘗試開發劇場以外的 智慧財產創意再生產。

跨界創意下的分館別類 《表演臺灣彙編》包含「戲劇劇本館」、「戲曲劇本館」、「表演書 西夏旅館.蝴蝶書

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寫館」、「設計館」與「技術館」五個主題,分別從表演文本、設 計、技術三個面向,展現表演藝術在臺灣七十餘年的創作軌跡,彌補 過去乏於書寫紀錄與發行不足的遺憾。不論是戲劇、戲曲、偶戲、音 樂劇、肢體劇場或舞蹈等各類表演藝術作品,都可藉由

一叢書的出

版而打開一扇閱讀、賞析的窗口。 「戲劇劇本館」、「戲曲劇本館」和「表演書寫館」歸屬於表演文本 面向,

三個館別用以架構臺灣近七十年的表演文本內容。臺灣的創

作者們以勇於突破既有框架見長,經常融合多種不同表現元素來創造 獨特的作品,

樣的分類方式其實難以收納臺灣表演藝術創作者自由

多元又紛異的創作形式。為了展現

個特色,我們遂決意放棄傳統的

編輯概念,不由編輯臺對作品逕行分類,而是讓創作者依據其作品的 原始發想,自行決定作品歸屬的館別。如此,讀者可能會在「戲曲劇 本館」裡,讀到採用戲曲元素卻又更像現代戲劇的作品,或是在「戲 劇劇本館」裡發現反其道而行的其他跨界創作。又因為戲劇或戲曲也 還不足以歸納其他既不採取文本書寫、甚至沒有任何對白的表演文 本,我們便又規劃了「表演書寫館」,邀請創作者(如導演或編舞) 根據已經完成的舞臺實踐,進行專題書寫以典藏過去難以被流傳的精 彩表演。 2013年,我們首先出版了《林摶秋劇作選:醫德、高砂館》、《少年 金釵男孟母》、《踏青去》、《逆旅》四部戲劇劇本,以及《亂紅》

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與《三顆頭》兩部戲曲劇本。其中林摶秋先生劇作是現存最早的臺灣 劇作之一,我們非常榮幸能取得日文原著與中文翻譯的授權出版。 《亂紅》來自臺灣特有的實驗戲曲作品,首演極受好評,《逆旅》爲 2011年臺灣文學獎金典獎得獎作品,他們具體而微說明臺灣青年創作 的實力。《逆旅》和《三顆頭》是我們參與製作的兩部劇作;前者由 我們媒合導演與專業製作團隊,後者是我們一路陪伴著從創團到製作 演出,同為我們珍惜的青年劇作。《少年金釵男孟母》和《踏青去》 爲臺灣劇作家的性別演繹和想像,留下創意足跡,前者近年頗獲國內 外學界討論,後者則是臺灣演繹女性情誼的最早作品之一。各製作團 體慷慨授權,讓我們得以與讀者們分享 錄;因為他們,

套書特別

些劇作珍貴的演出影音紀

得典藏閱讀。

2014年上半年,我們又出版了劇本《大神魃》、《塵埃》、《無獨有 偶經典偶劇選:降靈會、最美的時刻》以及《江佶洋燈光創作作品 集》。三部劇作風格迥異,《大神魃》藉由動畫、舞臺和音樂

來神怪的孤寂,《塵埃》演繹科技深入人類的歷程,《無獨有偶經典 偶劇選:降靈會、最美的時刻》集合無獨有偶劇團精彩的現代偶劇, 他們呈現了臺灣劇場裡自由多元的風景。 除了表演文本的書寫之外,我們另外規劃了「設計館」與「技術 館」。臺灣表演藝術近三十年累積了一批專業的設計者與劇場技術工 作者,他們的創意,同樣是形構臺灣劇場生命力的要素。然而,他們

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也是觀

最不熟悉的一群劇場工作者。為了提升

兩個部門工作者的

創意智慧再運用,也為了加強表演藝術專業知識的流通,「設計館」 與「技術館」邀請國內資深或具有獨特技術的設計者與技術工作者, 根據其長期的專業經驗,

述深入淺出的專題電子書,爲臺灣表演藝

術的發展足跡留下完整的紀錄。爲了完成

個繁重的任務,從2014年

起由我和李易修共同擔任「設計館」與「技術館」的主編,從主題選 擇、文字編輯、到圖像製作或影音採集,合力編

2014年我們首開先例地出版了《江佶洋燈光創作作品集》以及《劇場 黑衣人》。

是一個萬分艱難的工作,因為大部分的劇場設計和技術

工作者不曾留下工作紀錄,加上他們繁重密集的工作行程, 字

一項,便是一大挑戰。再者,他們的作品散於

團體,影音資料或圖像劇照的版權取得,

是文

多表演藝術

是極為繁雜困難的。謹此

向資深的劇場技術工作者斯建華先生,和青年燈光設計者江佶洋致 謝,他們的支持與配合除了讓我們的的野心得以落實,也讓我們勇於 繼續鼓舞更多優秀資深的同仁們,從翼幕側寫臺灣現當代劇場的風華 與艱辛。

公開展演與影音紀錄之選錄雙軌 《表演臺灣彙編:劇本,設計,技術,1943~ 》最重要的選錄標準是: 被選錄者必須是已經公開演出過的作品。以臺灣的表演藝術生態而 言,一個作品能

西夏旅館.蝴蝶書

搬上舞臺,必然已經取得一定的社會資源,

些資

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源的取得,可以視為是對該作品與其創作者和製作團隊的肯定與選 擇。 除了少數幾部無法取得任何演出影音紀錄的早期經典之作,我們另以 是否能取得作品演出影音片段的授權,爲收入本叢書的另一考量標 準。影音與書寫既然是

部雲端叢書的關

字,我們期待

樣的編輯

概念,能較為據實地反應臺灣舞臺的繽紛風景,更能啓動劇場的綜效 機制。 在以上兩項標準之外,我們儘量兼顧資深與年輕工作者的新創與經典 作品,希望獲得更多表演藝術工作者的認同,提醒他們在製作演出之 餘,留意表演藝術作品如何以其他形式再生產,爲日後的產業化奠定 紮實基礎。

致謝與致敬 在編輯過程中,我必須感謝所有創作者、製作團體、「國家表演藝術 中心之國家兩廳院」(原國立中正文化中心)與「財團法人公共電視 文化事業基金會」的支持與授權;感謝王

玲教授、林鶴宜教授、石

婉舜教授、施如芳女士、劉微明女士、藍貝芝女士為首批出版的六部 劇作

寫導言,提供專業而繞富趣味的閱讀切入角度;感謝擔任2014

年執筆導言的劇作家陳世杰先生、郭亮廷先生、林世秉先生、胡疊教 授、資深的劇場工作者王孟超先生、傅裕惠老師、沈敏惠女士,從長 期共事的角度,或持續關注的劇評位置,為我們提供有關作者或作品 西夏旅館.蝴蝶書

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的閱讀佐證。感謝提供我們法律諮詢,甚至爲我們規劃表演藝術智財 權法律工作坊的陳思宏律師、湯其瑋律師與李友琦女士;臺灣的表演 藝術如果想要進行產業升級,如何在創意內容共享與智財權的界定之 間找到平衡,是我們共同的課題。特別感謝石婉舜教授在出版林摶秋 先生劇作的過程中不憚煩勞,與編輯群往復討論,並提供各式編輯相 關資

,以及李育娟教授擔任我們的日文翻譯諮詢;感謝優秀的英文

翻譯團隊許仁豪博士、劉微明女士、司徒嘉怡博士、 吳政

先生、陳

怡君女士、林佳璇女士、陳佾均女士、白斐嵐女士、Frank

Episale先

生,以及2014年特別邀約的Albane Lahlou和我在中央大學的同事許凌 凌教授擔任法文翻譯。沒有他們的心力投注,我們幾乎不可能在急迫 的執行期限內,完成主要外文譯文,爲日後的國際發行奠定基礎。

《表演臺灣彙編》叢書總編輯,2014年08月

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Performing Taiwan: Script, Design, Stagecraft, 1943– is an e-book series based on works archived by the Electronic Theater Intermix in Taiwan (eti-tw.com). Funded by Ministry of Culture, this project is a collaboration between the Performance Center and the Research Center for Theatre & Performance Studies at National Central University. In this era of e-books, we hope to engage a new editorial concept and platform of distribution intended to fully capture the three-dimensional splendor of the age-old medium of stage performance. That is, while providing the reader with written text, we also emphasize a side-by-side presentation of audiovisual information, incorporating a significant number of recorded performance segments and images. In 2010, in an economic atmosphere in which arts subsidy cuts were offset by talks of creative industry upgrades and a value-added economy, the Law for the Development of the Cultural and Creative Industries began to take effect in Taiwan. While the Taiwanese

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performing arts community responded with seemingly re-energized fervor, it is evident that performing arts in Taiwan barely makes a small enterprise; professionalization in the performing arts scene is also still in progress, and so it is unrealistic to expect industrialization in the near future. At the same time, Taiwan cannot afford to be absent from the global discussion of cultural and creative industry development. The aim of this collection, then, is to explore the possibility

of

creative

intellectual

property

re-production

of

performing artworks outside the stage, and to accumulate some building blocks and resources for further development in the performing arts community’s journey toward professionalization and eventual industrialization in Taiwan.

Performing Taiwan includes five series of publication: the Drama Script Series, the Xiqu (Chinese Opera) Script Series, the Performance Text Series, the Design Series, and the Stagecraft Series. With these five series, we hope to fill in some blanks in the insufficient and poorly distributed written records of the past, and to present the overall creative trajectory of the performing arts in Taiwan over the last seventy-odd years, from three angles: performance text, design, and stagecraft. With the publication of this collection, we hope to 西夏旅館.蝴蝶書

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open up a window of reading and appreciation for all modes of performing arts, from theatre to operatic Xiqu, puppetry to musical theatre, physical theatre to dance. The Drama Script Series, the Xiqu Script Series, and the Performance Text Series are text-based categories used to present different aspects of the content of Taiwan’s performing arts during the last seventy years. However, such categories are insufficient for reflecting the diverse creative modes of performing artists in Taiwan, who are known for breaking boundaries, often merging elements from different genres and disciplines to create unique works. To highlight this characteristic, we decided to discard the traditional editorial division of labor and allow the creators to designate the categorization of their own works. Therefore, it is possible for the reader to come upon plays that make use of traditional Xiqu elements but read more like modern theatre in the Xiqu Script Series, or to discover boundary-crossing works in the Drama Script Series. Also, in service of performance texts that fall outside the realms of drama and Xiqu—works that may not be contingent upon written text or speech—we planned the Performance Text Series. In this series, we invite creators (such as directors or choreographers) to write about the staging and realization of their works in order to archive and 西夏旅館.蝴蝶書

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record quality performances that the reader would otherwise be unable to access. In 2013, we first published four drama scripts: Selected Plays of Tuanchiu Lin: Takasago Hotel and The Good Doctor; He Is My Wife, He Is My Mother; Skin Touching; Self Re-Quests. Following the above were two Xiqu scripts: Peach Blossom Rain and Three Heads. We were very honored to obtain publication rights for the original Japanese scripts as well as the translated Chinese scripts of Mr. Tuan-chiu Lin, which are the oldest existing Taiwanese drama scripts. Peach Blossom Rain, particularly Taiwanese in its style, is an experimental Xiqu production that was highly appreciated during its initial run. Self ReQuests received the 2011 Taiwan Literary Award for Best Play. Together, these two plays are a small but concrete testament to the strength of Taiwan’s young creative talents. The Performance Center at NCU was also involved in the production of two works by young talents. For Self Re-Quests, we acted as matchmaker, bringing the director and the production team together; for Three Heads, we accompanied playwright Pen-ning Hsing through the full process, from founding her theatre company to a full production of the play. He Is My Wife, He Is My Mother has received much academic attention at home and abroad and Skin Touching was one of the earliest works 西夏旅館.蝴蝶書

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about lesbian relationships in Taiwan; both wield creative impact on the presentation and expression of gender for Taiwanese playwrights. With generous authorization from many performing arts groups, we were granted the opportunity to share precious segments of recorded performances; these groups made this collection especially worth reading. During the first half of 2014, we published The Drought Goddess, The Dust, Selected Plays from Puppet & Its Double Theatre: La Réminiscence d’un fantôme and Der Schönste Moment and The Light Passing the Time. The three dramatic texts are drastically different: The Drought Goddess expresses the loneliness of gods and spirits through the combination of animation, stage design and music; The Dust explores the progress of technological saturation in the human world; Selected Plays from Puppet & Its Double Theatre: La Réminiscence d’un fantôme and Der Schönste Moment is a collection of splendid modern puppet plays performed by Puppet & Its Double. Together, all these works represent the aesthetic freedom and diversity of Taiwanese theatre. In addition to written records of performance texts, the Design Series and the Stagecraft Series are also in the works. Over the past thirty years or so, the performing arts community in Taiwan has cultivated

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a great army of professional designers and technical theatre specialists. Their creative endeavors are just as much a part of the lifeblood of the Taiwanese stage as other artists, and yet they are the performing arts workers least familiar to the general public. In order to facilitate the reutilization of the creative solutions and experiences of these two contingents, and to foster the distribution of professional knowledge in performing arts, we invite experienced designers and technical theatre workers specializing in unique stagecraft to compose on-topic, accessible e-books so as to complete the records of the development of performing arts in Taiwan. Starting from 2014, Mr. Yi-hsiu Lee and myself share the position of Chief Editor for the Design Series and Stagecraft Series, working together from theme selection and text editing to graphic creation and audiovisual acquisition in order to accomplish this arduous task. We are creating a precedent in 2014 by publishing The Light Passing the Time and Theatre Crew. The fact that most professional theatre designers and technical specialists do not keep written records, coupled with their heavy workload and concentrated schedules, makes composing textual descriptions of their work a great challenge. Moreover, the audiovisual records of their projects often become properties of the various performing arts groups they collaborate 西夏旅館.蝴蝶書

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with, making reproduction rights extremely difficult to acquire. We hereby express our thanks to veteran theatre technical specialist Mr. Chien-hua Szu and up-and-coming lighting designer Mr. Chi-yang Chiang. Their boundless support fulfilled our ambition, but more importantly, it encouraged more outstanding and experienced theatre workers to record, from the wings, the splendidness and hardships of Taiwan’s contemporary theatre.

The most basic selection criterion for the works of Performing Taiwan: Script, Design, Stagecraft, 1943– is that each work must have been publicly staged prior to publication. In the Taiwanese performing arts scene, a play must first garner certain social resources in order to receive a ticketed, public production. The acquisition of such resources can be seen as endorsement of and appreciation for the work, its creative and production teams. With the exception of a few works of classics for which no such records are available, our ability to obtain authorization for the use of audiovisual documentation of a work in performance is a deciding factor for the work’s inclusion in the collection. Since audiovisual content and written text are the two key elements of this online 西夏旅館.蝴蝶書

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collection, we hope that, by adhering to this editorial principle, we may more accurately reflect the diverse flavors of the Taiwanese stage and trigger a synergistic mechanism in Taiwan’s performing arts. Aside from the above principles, we strive to maintain a balance between new works by up-and-coming artists and classics by veterans of the stage while building the collection. Hopefully, this will court recognition from more performing arts workers and remind them to take note of alternative approaches to reproducing works of the performing arts in order to build a solid foundation for future creative industries.

As we move forward in the editorial process, we must thank all of the artists, the production companies, the National Performing Arts Center National Theater & Concert Hall (originally named National Chiang Kai-shek Cultural Center) and the Public Television Service Foundation for their support and endorsement. We would also like to thank Dr. Ay-ling Wang, Dr. Ho-yi Lin, Dr. Wan-shun Shih, Ms. Jufang Shih, Ms. Wei-ming Liu and Ms. Betsy Lan for penning introductions to the first six works of the collection, offering

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informative and inspiring entry points for the reader. We thank playwright Mr. Shi-jie Chen, Mr. Liang-ting Guo, Mr. Shi-bing Lin, Dr. Die Hu, veteran theatre maker Mr. Meng-chao Wang, Prof. Yuhui Fu and Ms. Min-hui Shen for penning the introductions for this year’s offerings. We thank them for providing us with textual accompaniments about the authors or their works, from the perspectives of long-time collaborators and continued critical engagement. We also thank Mr. Simon Chen, attorney-at-law, Mr. Chi-wei Tang, attorney-at-law and Ms. Yo-chi Li for valuable legal advice and for planning the Performing Arts Intellectual Property Rights Workshop with us; in order to upgrade the Taiwan performing arts industry, finding the medium between sharing creativity and defining intellectual property rights must be everyone’s next order of business. Many thanks again to Dr. Wanshun Shih for tireless discussion with the editorial team regarding the publishing of playwright Tuan-chiu Lin’s work, as well as for offering editorial advice and relevant information. Thanks also to our Japanese translation consultant Dr. Yu-jiuan Li, and devoted English translators, Dr. Jen-Hao Walter Hsu, Ms. Wei-ming Liu, Dr. Chiayi Seetoo, Mr. Cheng-han Wu, Ms. Betty Yi-chun Chen, Ms. Siraya Pai, Ms. Chia-hsuan Lin, Ms. Yi-chun Chen and Mr. Frank Episale. We also thank our guest translator Ms. Albane Lahlou and my colleague 西夏旅館.蝴蝶書

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at National Central University, Dr. Ling-ling Hsu, for the French translations. Without the hard work of everyone mentioned, it would have been nearly impossible for us to produce the foreign language translations that would serve as the basis for future international distribution within such a limited timeframe.

Katherine Hui-ling Chou Editor in chief of Performing Taiwan, August 2014

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導言 努力地扮假,在遊戲中求真 略談從小說出發,跋涉至劇場的《西夏旅館.蝴蝶書》 文/丁名慶(《印刻文學生活誌》副總編輯)

首先應申說一個認識前提:那就是原著《西夏旅館》

部小說並不符

合一般對於小說情節頭腹尾完備、情節相應、主題明確、人物相貌栩 栩如生的印象或概念,它更繫於自身每吋以文字與意象打造的肌骨, 「每個字句都飽漲暴烈的感性力量」(楊凱麟,2009),處處挑戰小 說定義、敘事能量的邊界。也可以說:劇場演出《西夏旅館.蝴蝶 書》編導魏瑛娟從小說那裡借來、推展敘述主要骨架的最大武器「文 字」,必然成為雙面刃,對承載形式,以及閱聽者,乃至編導技術的 動員調度,作最大限度的挑戰−−如何傳達、延續小說文字的感動? 如何在劇場中演出「文字(創生、引導、誤解、質變、幻錯、崩壞) 的故事」? 在劇場裡,魏瑛娟一開始即展現了一個對文創產業(近年冒生於台 灣,定義極曖昧、規模最大也常見微小的事業體)稍為超前現狀的想

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像,也帶有反諷的態度──充滿異域情調的西夏「文字」藝術節;藉 此突顯文字作為文化集體符號的基質,並以此收束、繼而延展數組自 小說中

出,在劇場裡才得以彼此連結、呼應、影響的故事。

些故

事,不斷由劇中多個角色強調其虛構、破碎、不可信,卻同時與劇中 主角時時賴以依存的身世認同──獨特的個人歷史與國族歷史(主要 是作為象徵、背景的西夏王朝李元昊 府遷台後對於數代人命運、價

一條線,以及一九四九年後國

觀之影響的另一線)──或隱或顯地

相連。 幾組特定的,「長了毛的文字」,魏瑛娟眼裡如蝴蝶翩然翻飛的形 體,既是作為人物遇會的必要線索,漫長流離時間的中繼點(或折返 點),或也可視為

對小說的關

字式解讀,並以此延續小說《西夏

旅館》的自我追尋之旅,且是一不可能稍停、妥協的

逃過程,更在

逃離中一再回望,尋找救贖。 在漫長的「改編」或者衍義的修行中,

極敏銳地發現了駱以軍或者

小說《西夏旅館》最核心卻音調繁複的幾個關

詞:我們(或

「我」,大寫的與小寫的)、遺棄(以及隨之而來的恐怖毀滅焦 慮)、創造、變形(或魔魅化/異化);且半個多世紀以來, 字總與台灣女性成長過程中(想要「做自己」)最常

幾個

觸,進而發動

抵抗(父權)的各種明傷暗痛處境,無可須臾或分。 相較於原著,劇本以及演出從小說中萃取充滿女性書寫的陰柔、飽滿 西夏旅館.蝴蝶書

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細節、去中心等敘事特質,增加了許多女性人物/動物的

幅、形

象,以及主體性──比起男性們更加困頓、難堪,經常性地(不明原 因)匿蹤、(被迫)消音,且由此困頓、難堪而生諸多壓迫、禁錮與 災難;且在超大幅度壓縮小說敘事文本的劇場時間中,魏瑛娟更充分 操演過去

作品中最擅長處理的角色變換、性別倒錯等特色,帶有遊

戲性質,又是正經以對(認「真」地遊戲、「假」扮),使得小說裡 的「變形」情境或夢的況味,更加頻密突顯;因而更靠近當代自我 「雙身」或多元價

並容的真實現狀,並以此拒斥單一的獨裁精神,

或者成見、意識型態。 類的拒斥設計貫串全劇,「在對面」(選擇或無可選擇的,成為對 立面)成為本劇相當重要的態度,或者理念。因此諸如男/女、陽/ 陰等二元性的對位或對峙(還包括小說/劇場、個人/集體、父親/ 母親、遺棄/遭棄、真/假、沙漠/海洋、靠近/逃離、看見/盲 目、人/非人、自我/異己、變異/不變……種種),不妨視為可藉 之稍微以簡馭繁進入本劇的感知、思索與辨證的途徑之一,也流轉不 息地一再提醒觀

自問:我在

裡?我從何處來?是何種時運際會造

就此刻之我?我是誰? 不論名為(西夏)旅館,或者(蝴蝶)飯店,在小說中或劇本裡,顯 然都是角色們唯一且最後的容身之處了──作為全劇最大鏡象對映的 「當代台灣」,當然也是──儘管並不總是和樂安穩。在

西夏旅館.蝴蝶書

同時作為

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數百年前的古文明王國、未來商場、旅館、劇場,更是主角圖尼克的 夢境或者腦內意識/潛意識世界的幻異時空中,困陷感或者潰散感無 處不在,人們總是被動地受邀參與

座以錯織魔幻的時刻和命運打造

的大觀園──尋訪著自我之際,也逐漸失去或 見,盡是欺瞞與假象的世界,

捨自我──眼前所

正是向來作品裡革命性格極強烈的魏

瑛娟最亟欲打破的狀態。 於是

座旅館,必定是假象旅館(但「假」有多難演出?

又是另一

重考驗);唯其虛假,無可確定,更顯得「真」(包括訴說的願望, 或觀看的焦慮)之可貴同時也是荒 「求真」的欲望總不會假。

的,是匱乏的肇因也是救贖:

也包括在大量

插於劇中、閃現於各處

天幕間的「寫真(攝影)」影像裡,所展演的「真」(真實、現實, 也是純真)所以可議,恆常變化不居,或者承受各種意圖捏塑、 曲、偽扮、雕飾、消解,正因為每個人(尤其當權者、媒體或者各種 息傳播媒介)求真的欲望源頭、目的和展現方式不同,對「真」或 「正義」的認定也各異其趣的關係;

正與此劇最終,期待於觀

「每個人都有自己的(人生)『陰本(蝴蝶書)』」之認識,緊密地 作出呼應。 由此推想,或許魏瑛娟在劇場裡最希望對話的,未必是那些在進入劇 場之前,讀過、甚至讀完小說《西夏旅館》且對改編有所想像和期待 的觀

們吧,極可能恰恰相反:必然是那些不囿於成見,喜歡透過文

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字(以及劇場)的複雜性與人生對話,盡所能地辨假求真,更對自己 的人生處境與日常見聞,認真感受和思考,且仍願意時時質疑和反抗 的人吧。

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A premise about this performance which should be made known beforehand: the novel from which this script was adapted, “Western Xia Hotel (Xi Xia Lu Guan)”, is not the typical novel with a tightly structured beginning, middle and end, a consistent plot, an obvious theme and vivacious descriptions of the characters in the story. Instead, the story feeds on the body of text and imagery, “Every sentence, every word is bursting with emotion” (Yang Kai-lin, 2009), challenging not only the traditional definition of novels but also the furthest boundaries that the narrative power can reach. In other words, the original text—the greatest weapon that director Yingchuan Wei borrowed from the novel to further extend the narrative structure in her stage act “Taiwan Dreams Episode 1: Dream Hotel,” is bound to become a double-edged sword, confronting to an extreme 西夏旅館.蝴蝶書

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the way the story is carried out on stage, the audience, and the miseen-scene skills of the director and screenplay—how will all the compelling text from the novel be conveyed and continued in this format? How can a “story of words (from creation, conduction, misinterpretation, transformation, misconception to breakdown)” be presented on stage? In this performance, Wei lays out from the beginning a somewhat avant-garde impression of what has be coined the “cultural creative industry” (an extremely ambiguously definedbusiness type that recently emerged in Taiwan in a great scale but are often small-sized), however carrying a hint of skepticism—an exotic “Western Xia ‘Written Arts’ Festival”; in the aims to enhance the fundamentality of written text as a collective cultural icon, hereby bringing together and then in turn expanding the multiple storylines taken from the novel which are only allowed to correlate, correspond and influence one another on stage. The fictitious, disintegrated and doubtful elements of these stories are accentuated through its various characters, but at the same time indistinctly correlated with the identity the protagonists are interdependent upon—the unique individual and national history (especially the descendant of Li Yuanhao, ruler of the Western Xia empire, which provides the symbolic setting of the story; 西夏旅館.蝴蝶書

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and the plot of how the Nationalist Party’s retreat to Taiwan in1949 affected the fates and values of later generations). These sets of specific, “fuzzy” words were, in the eyes of director Ying-chuan Wei, like silhouettes which fluttered about like butterflies; they were the indispensible clues to how the characters are brought together, the relay points of elongated and displaced time, and her own keyword interpretations of the novel itself. These words helped extend the soul-searching journey of “Western Xia Hotel” into a nonstop, nonnegotiable course of defection, during which the escaping protagonist looks back over and over again to seek redemption. In the prolonged process of adapting, or amplifying the novel context, Wei was acutely aware of the central yet complicatedly intonated keywords commonly used by Luo, or in his novel “Western Xia Hotel”: we (or “me”, in uppercase and lowercase), deserted (and the terrifying anxiety of devastation that accompanied this word), create, transformation (or demonization/defamiliarization); and the fact that for more than half of a century, these words are most frequently seen in the maturing phase of the typical Taiwanese woman (who longs to “be herself”), and sequentially generate all

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kinds of visible and unseen damages in rebelling against (a patriarchal) society, which make them indivisible in the discussion of this story. Compared to the novel itself, the adapted script and performance extracts the introverted and comprehensive details and the decentralized narrative which are typical of a feminine manuscript, while also adding a considerable amount of description, imagery and ideology of female characters/animals—how they are more confused, embarrassed, frequently (and often without reason) overshadowed, (forcibly) silenced, and how these situations create more oppression, imprisonment and tragedy in their lives; moreover, in the limited performance time in which the narrative text in the novel was largely condensed, Wei fully utilized her most competent skill of character transformation and gender alteration in a sense that it’s both playful and serious at the same time (“honestly” play the “fake” game), therefore making the “transformation” and dream factors in the novel more recurrent and accentuated; the result is a performance that brings the audience closer to the contemporary reality of “selfduality” or the acceptance to social diversity, and in turn rejecting any exclusive autocracy, partiality and stereotype.

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This kind of rejection is seen throughout the entire performance, and the “antithesis” (by choice or by force) becomes an essential stance or concept of the performance. Therefore, the binary opposition of men/women, ying/yang (and novel/stage, individual/collective, father/mother, abandon/being abandoned, truth/lie, desert/ocean, approach/flee,

sighted/blind,

humane/inhumane,

self/other,

change/constant, etc.) can be seen as a more simple means to identify, reflect and assess the context of this performance, constantly reminding the audience to ask themselves: Where am I? Where did I come from? What made me the way I am now? Who am I? Be its name “Hotel (Xixia)” or “(Butterfly) Inn,” it appears to be the characters’ solitary and ultimate resting place both in the novel and in the script—other than the biggest mirror imagery in the performance that is modern-day Taiwan—despite the fact that it’s not always peaceful and merry. At the same time, the fantastic space-time in the protagonist’s dream or subconscious that is projected as the ancient civilization of many centuries past, the future shopping mall, the hotel and the stage, is filled with confusion and dispersion. People are passively invited to take part in this showplace that is built upon interwoven extraordinary moments and fate—as they continue to search for the meaning of their lives, they also gradually lose or 西夏旅館.蝴蝶書

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renounce their individuality—everything within sight is a lie or an illusion, and it’s what Wei, whose works usually present a strong revolutionary spirit, mainly attempts to break through in this performance. Therefore, this hotel is, without doubt, a façade (as for the difficulty in the portraying of a façade, it is yet another challenge for the stage); however, its fakeness and impossibility of verification also undeniably demonstrates that the value and absurdity of the “truth” (including the wish to tell and the anxiety to watch) is at the same time, the cause for deficiency and salvation: the desire to “find truth” is never fake. This is also illustrated in the considerable amount of photographic imagery that flashes on the canopy of the stage throughout the performance. The reason why “truth” (be it fact, reality, or innocence) can be debated, remain a constant in an everchanging environment, or bear all kinds of intentions to concoct, twist, pretend, decorate and rectify, is because in finding the truth, every person (especially those in power, the media or any means of communication)

has

a

different

motivation,

objective

and

demonstration; their own understanding of “truth” and “justice” are also varied. This ties closely with the expectation that the audience would each find their own meaning to life nearing the end of the 西夏旅館.蝴蝶書

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performance. Inferring from this, perhaps the audience Wei hopes to converse with on the stage is not the readers who have read, or even gone through the novel “Western Xia Hotel” and had certain imaginations and expectations of the adapted script before coming to see the performance; in fact, it may be quite the contrary: those who are not bound by preconceptions, enjoy contemplating life through the intricacy of the text (and stage), doing their best to distinguish fact from fiction, and moreover, digest and reflect upon their own lives yet still willing to stand up and fight back anytime.

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《西夏旅館.蝴蝶書》劇本

編劇/魏瑛娟 小說原著/駱以軍

劇情簡介 《西夏旅館》是臺灣中生代最重要小說家駱以軍的長河史詩鉅作,描 述一九四九年外省移民來臺故事,及其第二代對臺灣歷史的凝視思考 與國族身分認同。作者藉古諷今,以十一世紀遭蒙古滅亡的西夏封建 王朝歷史悲劇,描述臺灣與中國的糾纏歷史與複雜情結。 《西夏旅館.蝴蝶書》是劇場編導魏瑛娟的「臺灣夢」創作計劃首部 曲,也是

結構最龐大,格局最

宏的劇場創作。

從小說出發,以

「寫真劇場」概念平行創作,邀請十多位創作者,透過寫真、影像、 音樂、聲響、燈光、空間裝置、拼貼、物件等,與文學進行一場獨特 而繁複的劇場表演立體對話。

以陽、陰兩冊的「蝴蝶書」概念,從

小說「殺妻」與「救父」主題延伸創作「尋母」綺境和相機出草獵取 「臺灣之光」的計畫,呈現

部關於異族人、變形者、混血者的創傷

救贖、離散追尋、仇恨和解的瘋癲妖異魔幻傳奇,並深層反思家國歷 史書寫及臺灣近代歷史族群的矛盾衝突與和解。 【劇本分作上下半場,陽、陰二本。】 西夏旅館.蝴蝶書

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陽本 場次 一、說書人羅乙君 二、字

一:我

三、Room 1949(I) 四、圖尼克殺妻 五、Room 1949(II) 六、元昊殺妻 七、字

二:父

八、被捕 九、獨眼人面瘡 十、字

三:民

十一、名居酒屋 西夏旅館.蝴蝶書

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十二、字

四:名

十三、美蘭 十四、羊戲 十五、字

五:夢

十六、有影劇場

舞台 陽本舞台:西夏旅館全景。外有隴海花園、瑪旁雍錯蓮池、大刺桐樹 一株。內有「興慶府」宴會廳、「名」居酒屋、寧夏文創商場、「賀 蘭山」

樂部、「有影」劇場、美蘭

房間、Room 1949等。

角色 主要角色分為兩群: 一、主角圖尼克及其家族,含祖父圖建國、新祖母胡靜、父親圖漢 民、母親刺桐、妻子碧海等。 二、西夏旅館工作人員及住客,含總經理范仲淹、活動總監安金藏、 西夏旅館.蝴蝶書

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賀蘭山

樂部說書人羅乙君、居酒屋媽媽桑台

旅館駐唱

家羚家卉母女三人、

陵頻伽樂團與主唱阿羌、長期住客美蘭

等。另有多名

次要角色。 主角圖尼克時雄時雌,由男、女兩位演員分飾,各以圖尼克陽、圖尼 克陰標示。兩位圖尼克造型打扮一模一樣,但圖尼克陰頭髮為銀白 色,似底片負片效果。 一、說書人羅乙君 【說書人羅乙君翻讀《西夏旅館》,唸誦小說。】 羅乙君:「女孩問圖尼克,你在

旅館裡轉悠著做什麼?圖尼克說:

『我在發明文字。』……記憶被漂洗,意義被

改,那像一

個猜字

時刻,流浪

遊戲的棋盤,每一枚文字的定義被翻

者之歌便變貌成騎兵血洗異族誌,哀傷的受難者則成了瀆神 的人造人基因工程狂徒。因為 外的『他們』的旅館,

是一個被驅趕出『我們』之

裡頭住著的是一群脫漢入胡的可憐

鬼。」 【羅乙君唸完小說對觀 羅乙君:

說話。】

是駱以軍小說《西夏旅館》最後一章〈圖尼克造字〉。寫 的是主角圖尼克在一連串旅館大冒險之後,挫敗地開始創造

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新字,因為他所經歷的是現有文字不足以描繪的光怪陸離世 界。 花很多時間讀

本書。喜歡

本書的內容,不過,更著迷文

字本身。 文字可以等於其所表述的人物、事件、故事或時空 者,文字只是一道

題?一個歷史痕跡?或是一組關於時間

的密碼?我們能透過文字解開最終的意義 夏旅館》,我一邊

?或

?一邊閱讀《西

樣想著……

我是羅乙君。羅馬的羅,甲君乙君丙君的乙君,一個無特別 指稱或個性的名字。我在西夏旅館「賀蘭山 擔任說書人,表演脫口秀。賀蘭山和 過,我所說的都是真的,

樂部」工作,

爛山發音很接近,不

爛。

歡迎大家來到西夏旅館參加我們的週年慶活動,今年的活動 非常「文創」,旅館特別舉辦了「西夏文字藝術節」,接下 來將會有一連串與西夏文字相關的猜 動。我負責協助大家「看演出猜字

、演出、抽獎等活

」,希望大家玩地愉

快,贏得大獎回家。現在讓我們進入字

遊戲。先給大家一

些西夏文字背景提示: 西夏是十一世紀由黨項羌族在中國西北建立的帝國,開國皇 帝李元昊,深深以自己的羌族文化特色為傲,不願像自己的 祖父、父親一樣向漢族稱臣,一建國就刻意要擺脫漢族文化 的影響,創制了西夏文,首先在文字上獨立。 西夏旅館.蝴蝶書

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「西夏文,又稱『蕃文』或『蕃書』,目前總計有六千多個 字,結構多是模仿漢字而來,形體方整,筆畫繁冗,用點、 橫、豎、

、拐、鉤等筆畫組成一個單字。單純字比較少,

多是由兩個甚至三、四個字合成一個字,很像漢字裡的會意 字和形聲字。」 以上

段關於「蕃文」、「蕃書」的簡介,來自維基百科。

充滿了漢族優越意識,顯然是漢人所寫。如果西夏仍有後裔 存在,不知他們會如何改寫

段文字?應該會以西夏人立場

思考,從西夏民族利益出發,以西夏文字書寫…… 是西夏旅館週年慶字 【上字

遊戲的第一個字。

卡一】

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羅乙君:「我」們常常說到 了

個字。

個字。「我」剛剛說的那句話,就包含

個字也是模仿漢字而來,和漢字的「義」字有

極大的關係。 【上漢字卡:義。舞台兩側投影,刻意讓字

、漢字遙遙相對,羅乙

君解釋「義」字。】 羅乙君:何謂「義」?「義」的上面是「羊」,下面是「我」, 「我」

個字從「鋸子」的形狀演變而來。以「鋸子」之類

的工具殺了一頭羊,獻給神,稱作「義」,因為合乎神意, 後來衍生出「正義」的意思。 【羅乙君回頭解釋西夏字

。】

羅乙君:認識了「義」字之後,再看回我們的字 「正義」……猜出來了

。讓我們開始想像

?有人知道答案了

?如果猜不

到,也沒關係,請仔細留意接下來的各項活動,我們安排了 許許多多字 二、字

的線索。

一:我

【播放「迷幻之蝶」影帶。】 【影像內容:圖尼克陰與圖尼克陽遠遠對峙。二人身上都背了長鏡頭 西夏旅館.蝴蝶書

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相機。突然一巨大聲響,槍聲混著快門聲。圖尼克陰抱著受傷腹部蹲 下。圖尼克陰看手上鮮血。流淌鮮血幻化為抽象紅色線條。圖尼克陰 奔逃。以圖尼克陰觀點的台北城市街

搖晃奔

鏡頭。紅色線條漸成

西夏文的「我」,再轉成漢文的「我」(要特別突顯漢文「我」), 最後,變成一隻有台灣「迷幻之蝶」之稱的國寶 持續奔

尾鳳蝶。圖尼克陰

。迷幻之蝶撲翅。蝴蝶翅翼的紅色斑紋如鮮血,不斷變換。

字如血。血如字。圖尼克陰跌入黑暗。只餘蝴蝶翻飛。最後,迷幻之 蝶停駐在西夏國寶「流淚雙頭佛」佛像合十的掌尖上。】 【影帶結束,舞台燈光亮起。】 三、

()

【西夏旅館1949號房。槍聲(快門聲)。圖尼克陰從槍擊惡夢驚 醒。】 【圖尼克陰拿下防失眠「睜眼眼罩」(眼罩圖案是一雙睜大的眼 睛),發現妻子碧海坐在床尾,陷入夢遊狀態。】 【碧海

著白色睡衣,頭戴一頂「

」造型毛帽,衣飾有民族風味,

但不特指何族群。】 【碧海站起,恍惚走出室外。圖尼克陰拿起相機跟蹤其後。】

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【碧海漫遊至旅館隴海花園的瑪旁雍錯蓮池。】 【說書人羅乙君坐在池畔,招呼碧海坐下。】 【圖尼克陰

在大刺桐樹後

拍二人說話。】

羅乙君:請坐。我喜歡你的帽子。 碧海:【恍惚微笑】謝謝。我是一隻

羅乙君:睡眠是短暫的死亡,夢遊是逃脫死亡的演出,我喜歡你的角 色。【微笑】你要的書我帶來了。【遞書】《西夏旅館》。 陽本、陰本,上下兩冊。先看陽本,再看陰本,順序不能 亂。 碧海:謝謝。【翻書】陰本是空白的!? 羅乙君:

本小說奧妙的地方,你得先讀陽本,讀完之後,陰本

內容會自然浮現。 碧海:會浮現什麼樣的陰本內容

羅乙君:因人而異。陰本有如一面鏡子,忠實反映你閱讀陽本時的種 種想法和心情,不管是認同、喜悅、懷疑、恐懼、否認、悲 西夏旅館.蝴蝶書

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傷、逃避或

望等等。【停頓】不過,反映讀者

件事很想

當然耳,你也可以換個角度想,其實浮現的是作者沒寫出來 的、無心忽略的、刻意隱瞞的、不敢明白寫的或更幽微曲折 的,可能是作者自己都沒意識到的,最壓抑和陰暗的部 分…… 碧海:所以讀者才是陰本的作者!? 羅乙君:某方面來說,是的。一千種讀者,一千種陰本。每個人以他 的想像和理解建造千萬種西夏旅館……還有,閱讀

本書的

時候一定要非常小心,千萬記得找個隱祕的地方,單獨閱 讀,不要讓人知道,也不要和人討論…… 碧海:如果和人分享

羅乙君:將會有嚴重的血光之災,你會招來殺身之禍。

是本「命運

之書」,你的閱讀方式決定了你的命運! 碧海:真的 子

?【翻書自語】《西夏旅館》

麼嚇人?作者是恐怖份

羅乙君:【發現圖尼克陰在樹後

看】有人來了。把書收好。我先走

一步。【匆忙退場】

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【圖尼克陰登場,佯裝沒見到羅乙君,舉起相機開閃光燈拍攝妻子。 碧海驚見閃光,大夢初醒。】 碧海:

裡是

裡?

圖尼克陰:西夏旅館。 碧海:【看手上《西夏旅館》書】啊!? 圖尼克陰:你又亂吃安眠藥了? 碧海:我又夢遊了? 圖尼克陰: 碧海:

裡是西夏旅館?【環視】我們為什麼會在

裡?

圖尼克陰:我們來西夏旅館二度蜜月啊。 碧海:我什麼都想不起來了。 圖尼克陰:【看碧海手上書】你又去找他了? 碧海:誰?

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圖尼克陰:那個說書人羅乙君。 碧海:羅乙君?【看手上書疲累辯解】我不知道你在說什麼……

誰的書? 圖尼克陰:他給了你

套書?我看到你們……【急忙收口】

碧海:你看到什麼? 圖尼克陰:沒什麼。

是什麼書?

碧海:《西夏旅館》。 圖尼克陰:內容是什麼?關於

座旅館的歷史沿革?

碧海:也許。【碧海翻閱小說】

有意思的。我唸給你聽。【唸

書】「他妻子曾和他玩過一個遊戲,唸了一本書裡的一段故事 給他聽。『你聽清楚

,我一個一個字慢慢地唸,有聽不清楚

的地方可以叫我再重唸一遍。』逐字逐句,眼前清楚地浮現那 個故事的場景,人物在裡頭說的話。過了兩個月,他的妻子要 他把故事重述一遍,然後翻出那本書裡的故事原文比對,發現 他從記憶裡撈摸拼湊出來的版本,和原來的情節有著許多出 入。一些細節被省略了,原故事裡的一些

突古怪的邏輯也被

重新修改變得合理了。故事中一些不起眼的小物件,他反而沒 西夏旅館.蝴蝶書

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有誤漏地記得。」 圖尼克陰:【看書,接著唸】「 谷下面隱藏的人格特質 碧海:【續唸】「他的妻子一直

是什麼怪書?是在測繪你的記憶幽 ?」 著他的記憶形式和書裡分析的完

全不同。那些遺漏、替代、修改、或圖像移轉的方式,完全不 同。『也許你是個殘忍的人。』你記得的全是那些別人不以為 意的部分,別人記得的你卻用一種滑稽的方式將之修改……」 圖尼克陰:【自語】也許我是個殘忍的人…… 碧海:【唸書】「也許你是個殘忍的人。」 圖尼克陰:【自語】也許我是個殘忍的人…… 碧海:【看圖尼克陰】圖尼克,你怎麼了? 圖尼克陰:【對碧海】也許我是個殘忍的人。 碧海:

是小說。不要當真。

圖尼克陰:【拿小說翻看】小說裡說我們之間有了第三者,我是個嫉 憤怒的丈夫,我殺了你,還割下你的頭顱,放在一個金 西夏旅館.蝴蝶書

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色的帽盒裡,沿著縱貫鐵路逃亡,最後住進西夏旅館裡。 我是個殘忍的殺妻者,流浪的野蠻人。 碧海:你殺了我!? 圖尼克陰:小說裡

麼描述。

碧海:【聲音轉冷漠】請不要誤會我,我們之間沒有第三者,

都只

是你的幻影、你的夢……夢會醒。【起身欲離去,圖尼克陰 阻】 圖尼克陰:你要去

裡?

碧海:我討厭你跟蹤我,誤會我。【閃 圖尼克陰:碧海。【碧海再閃

欲離去】

】不准走。

碧海:真正胡思亂想恍神夢遊的人是你。 圖尼克陰:回來。我痛恨任何形式的遺棄…… 【圖尼克陰

阻碧海,碧海

扎,二人激烈拉

,碧海打了圖尼克陰

巴掌,快步離去。】

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【圖尼克陰

忡,心有不甘,跟上。】

【兩人退離主舞台,轉入觀

看不到的側舞台。】

四、圖尼克殺妻 【側舞台裝了多部監視器。觀

可透過螢幕監看側舞台一切。不過有

影無聲。】 【轉入側舞台的圖尼克陰追上碧海。兩人肢體衝突激烈,幾乎是致命 打架。圖尼克陰高頭大馬,但碧海個性強烈,毫不留情反擊。】 【圖尼克陰舉起相機瘋狂連擊。碧海昏迷倒地。監視器角度不佳,觀 知道發生激烈衝突,但無法判斷圖尼克陰是否殺了碧海。】 【圖尼克陰擁抱碧海。】 【圖尼克陰

碧海身體離開監視器監看範圍。地上拉出一條血痕。】

【監視器某螢幕顯現的電子時間是二〇二四年三月十九日廿三點五十 九分。無法知道是時鐘故障或此「殺妻」案發生在未來。】 【監視器影像收掉。主舞台燈亮。】 五、 西夏旅館.蝴蝶書

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版權 《表演臺灣彙編:劇本,設計,技術, 表演書寫館

∼》

《西夏旅館.蝴蝶書》

出版單位/國立中央大學黑盒子表演藝術中心 發行人/周景揚 地址/桃園縣中

市中大路300號

電話/(03)426-4805 傳真/(03)426-4805 信箱/theatre@ncu.edu.tw 作者/魏瑛娟 戲劇製作/創作社劇團 總編輯/周慧玲 執行編輯/李易修 執行編輯/詹傑 助理編輯/蔡家綾 英文翻譯/蘇玨于 英文校對/蔡佩璇 法律顧問/李友琦 製作公司/潑墨數位出版行銷有限公司 西夏旅館.蝴蝶書

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發行日期/2014年11月 初版 指導單位/

本數位出版品之製作出版,接受文化部「推動公有文化創意素材加 應用」計畫補助。 定價450元 版權所有,翻印必究。 本書若有任何缺誤,請與我們聯繫。 e-ISBN/9789860435511(ePub)

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Published by The Performance Center at National Central University Publisher in Chief/Dr. Jing-Yang Jou Address/No.300, Jhongda Rd., Jhongli City, Taoyuan County 32001, Taiwan (R.O.C) Phone/+886-3-426-4805 Fax/+886-3-426-4805 Email/theatre@ncu.edu.tw Author/Ying-chuan Wei Producer/Creative Society Editor in Chief/Katherine Hui-ling Chou Executive Editor/Yi-hsiu Lee Executive Editor/Jae Zan Assistant Editor/Chia-ling Tsai 西夏旅館.蝴蝶書

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Translator/Chueh-yu Su Proofreader/Pei-hsuan Tsai Legal Consultant/Yo-chi Li Digital Production/Puomo Digital Publishing & Marketing, LLC. Publication Date/November 2014, first edition The production and publication of this digital publication is sponsored by the Ministry of Culture’s Public Creative and Cultural Material Value-added Application project. Suggested Retail Price/NT$450 © Copyright Performance Center at National Central University, 2014. All rights reserved. Please contact us for any mistakes or missing content in the book. e-ISBN/9789860435511(ePub)

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