Spring 2022
Garrett Meggs; Student Pharmacist
Elderberry
[3]
Scientific name: Sambucus nigra Background/history: Elderberry is a berry from the black elder tree found in Europe, North
America, North Africa, and Asia during warmer weather. It is dark purple in color. Historically, the elder tree was thought to protect against evil spirits, witches, and death.
Common uses: used to treat colds, flu, and general upper respiratory infections. Also used for cardiovascular benefit.
Pharmacology/mechanism of action: there are numerous proposed mechanisms of action. Multiple active ingredients are present including numerous ribosome inactivating proteins and flavonoids. Quercitin is present in noticeable amounts. Elderberry modulates IL-1 and TNF-alpha in vitro; increases IL-4, IL-13, and histamine; and modulates many other inflammatory pathways to lower inflammation. The flavonoid component provides antioxidant activity. Laboratory research shows inhibition of influenza and herpes simplex virus replication. Dosage forms: liquid extracts, dry powder capsules, elderberry juice, lozenges, and creams.
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