Graphic Design: from the mid 20th Century towards the new millenium

Graphic Design at the end of the millenium

Emigre also known as Emigre Graphics, is a type foundry in Berkeley, California, founded by Rudy VanderLans and Zuzana Licko. It also published Emigre magazine between 1984 and 2005. Note that unlike the word ĂŠmigrĂŠ, Emigre is officially spelled without accents.

Emigre was founded in 1984 as an independent foundry, developing typefaces without an association with a typesetting equipment manufacturer. Through a good part of the late 1980s and most of the 1990s, some of the most cutting-edge typefaces were developed or released by Emigre. Its magazine, in the meantime, provided an outlet showcasing the potential of its typeface designs, and was well known for its graphical experimentation. Emigre has also published a

Emigre

Emigre

Neville Brody Neville Brody (1957 - ) is an alumnus of the London College of Communication and is known for his work on The Face magazine (1981-1986) and Arena magazine (1987-1990), as well as for designing record covers for artists such as Cabaret Voltaire and Nine Inch Nails. He was one of the founding members of FontFont (now FontShop) in London and designed a number of notable typefaces for them. He was also partly responsible for instigating the FUSE project an influential fusion between a magazine, graphics design and typeface design. Each pack includes a publication with articles relating to typography and surrounding subjects, four brand new fonts that are unique and revolutionary in some shape or form and four posters designed by the

Neville Brody

Neville Brody Initially working in record cover design, Brody made his name largely through his revolutionary work as Art Director for the Face magazine. Other international magazine directions have included City Limits, Lei, Per Lui, Actuel and Arena, together with London's The Observer newspaper and magazine. Brody has consistently pushed the boundaries of visual communication in all media through his experimental and challenging work, and continues to extend the visual languages we use through his exploratory creative expression.

Neville Brody

Neville Brody

Industria 1989

Neville Brody

Insignia 1989

Neville Brody

Neville Brody In 1994, together with business partner Fwa Richards, Brody launched Research Studios, London. A sister company, Research Publishing, produces and publishes experimental multi-media works by young artists. The primary focus is on FUSE, the renowned conference and quarterly forum for experimental typography and communications. The publication is approaching its 20th issue over a publishing period of over ten years. Three FUSE conferences have so far been held, in London, San Fransisco and Berlin. The conferences bring together speakers from design, architecture, sound, film and interactive design and web.

Neville Brody

Neville Brody

Neville Brody

Neville Brody

Deconstruction

Deconstruction

Deconstruction

David Carson (1956 - ) is best known for his innovative magazine design, and use of experimental typography. His first actual contact with graphic design was made in 1980 at the University of Arizona on a two week graphics course. Later on in 1983, Carson was working towards a Bachelor of Arts in Sociology when he went to Switzerland, where he attended a three-week workshop in graphic design as part of his degree. This is where he met his first great influence, who also happened to be the teacher of this course, Hans-Rudolph Lutz.

David Carson

David Carson During the period of 1982-1987, Carson worked as a teacher in Torrey Pines High School in San Diego, California. In 1983, Carson started to experiment with graphic design and found himself immersed in the artistic and bohemian culture of Southern California. By the late eighties he had developed his signature style, using "dirty" type and non-mainstream photography. He would later be dubbed the "father of grunge."

David Carson

David Carson Among other things, he was also a professional surfer and in 1989 Carson was qualified as the 9th best surfer in the world. His career as a surfer helped him to direct a surfing magazine, called Beach Culture. This magazine lasted for three years but, through the pages of Beach Culture, Carson made his first significant impact on the world of graphic design and typography with ideas that were called innovative even by those that were not fond of his work. From 1991-1992, Carson worked for Surfer magazine. A stint at How magazine (a trade magazine aimed at designers) followed, and soon Carson launched Ray Gun, a magazine of international standards which had music and lifestyle as its subject.

In 1995, Carson founded his own studio, David Carson

David Carson In November 1995, Carson published his first book the End of Print. His second book, 2nd Sight, followed in 1997. It is said that this book simply changed the public face of graphic design (Newsweek). In 1998, Carson worked with Professor John Kao of the Harvard Business School on a documentary entitled "The Art and Discipline of Creativity." The third book that Carson published was Fotografiks (1999) which earned Carson the Award of Best Use of Photography in Graphic Design. Carson’s fourth book, Trek, was released in 2000. Carson has also helped in the development of The History of Graphic Design by Philip Meggs.

David Carson

The age of the computer In the mid 1980s, just 30 years later, the arrival of desktop publishing and the introduction of software applications introduced a generation of designers to computer image manipulation and 3D image creation that had previously been unachievable. Computer graphic design enabled designers to instantly see the effects of layout or typography changes without using any ink in the process. not only did computers greatly speden and fascilitate the traditional design process, they also gave a completely new outlook to sketching and idea formation, enabling designers to virtually create endless generations of one work/concept.

Web Design Website design crosses multiple disciplines of information systems, information technology and communication design. The website is an information system. The observable content (e.g page layout, user interface, graphics, text, audio) is known as the frontend. The back-end is the functional design and programming or software engineering. Depending on the size of initial design, a multi-skilled individual web master may be required, or a project manager may be require to oversee collaboration design between group members with specialized skills.

Design and programming: Design By Numbers Design By Numbers was created for visual designers and artists as an introduction to computational design. It is the result of a continuing endeavor by John Maeda to teach the “idea� of computation to designers and artists.

It is his belief that the quality of media art and design can only improve through establishing educational infrastructure in arts and technology schools that create strong, cross-disciplinary individuals. DBN is both a programming environment and language. The environment provides a unified space for writing and running programs and the language introduces the basic ideas of computer programming within the context of drawing. Visual elements such as dot, line, and field are combined with the computational ideas of variables

Processing Processing is an open source project initiated by Casey Reas and Benjamin Fry, formerly of the Aesthetics and Computation Group at the MIT Media Lab. It is "a programming language and integrated development environment (IDE) built for the electronic arts and visual design communities", which aims to teach the basics of computer programming in a visual context, and to serve as the foundation for electronic sketchbooks. One of the stated aims of Processing is to act as a tool to get nonprogrammers started with programming, through the instant gratification of visual feedback. It is a language that builds on the graphical side of the Java programming language, simplifying features and creating a few new ones.

Processing

These illustrations, created in Processing for the New York Times Magazine, are the result of a physics-based model of keywords connected by springs. The strength of the virtual spring connecting a pair of keywords together is dependent upon their rate of cooccurrence on the Internet, a measure of their degree of relationship to each other. In addition to the three tiles shown above which are featured in the online version of the article, the cover of the magazine and the following pages of the print article all feature different views of the model.

Built with Processing by Lisa Strausfeld and James Nick Sears.

Processing

Processing: Metropop Denim by Clayton Cubitt and Tom Carden Fashion photography meets print resolution physics-inspired generative artwork.

Processing

db-image of an automobile door shut (75 - 85 db)

Information Visualization Computer Graphics has from its beginning been used to study scientific problems. However, in its early days the lack of graphics power often limited its usefulness. The recent emphasis on visualization started in 1987 with the special issue of Computer Graphics on Visualization in Scientific Computing. Since then there have been several conferences and workshops, co-sponsored by the IEEE and ACM SIGGRAPH, devoted to the general topic, and special areas in the field, for example volume visualization. There have also been numerous books and research articles on visualization in the past several years. Some of the most popular examples of scientific visualizations are computer generated images which show real spacecraft in action, out in the void far beyond Earth, or on other planets. Dynamic forms of visualisation such as educational animation have the potential to enhance learning about systems that change over time.

Information Visualization

Information Visualization

Information Visualization

Virtual 3D One of the greates impacts on Visual communication Design that the computer has generated has been the advent of three dimensional design. while graphic designers historically have always been involved in three dimensional design, especially where the implementation of typographic elements in architecture are concerned, the virtual 3D environment has greatly increased the involvement of graphic designers, indeed creating hybrid professions between architecture, cinematography and graphic design, which involve knowledge of narratology, scenarios, storyboarding, camera handling, light, modelling as well as the design of 2 and 3 dimensional elements such as space and typogrpahy.

3D in Education

Three dimensional environments and applications are also used widely for educational purposes:

Game Art Videogame art relies on a broader range of artistic techniques and outcomes than artistic modification.

These can include painting, sculpture, appropriation, ingame intervention and performance, sampling, etc.

Videogame art also includes creating art games from scratch, rather than by modifying existing games. It is useful to regard these as distinct from art mods as they rely on different tools, though naturally there are many similarities with some art mods. Like games, artistic game mods may be single player or multiplayer.

Multiplayer works make use of networked environments to develop new models of interactivity and collaborative production.

Game Mod / Machinima An offshoot of game design are game modifications/Videogame art which involve the use of patched or modified computer and video games or the repurposing of existing games or game structures.

Often this modification is through the use of level editors, though other techniques exist. Some artists make use of machinima applications to produce noninteractive animated artworks, though it is a mistake, however, to regard artistic modification as being synonymous with machinima as these form only a small proportion of artistic modifications.

Game Mod / Machinima

Game modification: The Nybble Engine by Margarete Jahrman and Max Moswitzer. http://www.climax.at/nybbleengine-toolz/

Machinima

User Interface Design or user interface engineering is the design of computers, gadgets, appliances, machines, mobile communication devices, software applications, and websites with the focus on the user's experience and interaction. Unlike traditional design where the goal is to make the object or application physically attractive, the goal of user interface design is to make the user's interaction experience as simple and intuitive as possible what is often called user-centered design.

Where good graphic/industrial design is bold and eye catching, good user interface design is often subtle and invisible.

User Interface Design

Graphical User Interface A graphical user interface (or GUI, often pronounced "gooey"), is a particular case of user interface for interacting with a computer which employs graphical images and widgets in addition to text to represent the information and actions available to the user. Usually the actions are performed through direct manipulation of the graphical elements.

User Interface Design

Motion Graphics Motion graphics are graphics that use video and/or animation technology to create the illusion of motion or a transforming appearance. These motion graphics are usually combined with audio for use in multimedia projects. Motion graphics extend beyond the most commonly used methods of frame-by-frame footage and animation. Computers are capable of calculating and randomizing changes in imagery to create the illusion of motion and transformation.

Motion Graphics