4 minute read
Indira Ribeiro
Computational Analysis of Fluid-Structure Interaction of Species in the Systemic and Portal Circulation Circuit
Indira Ribeiro
Mentor: Kazeem Olanrewaju Chemical Engineering
Introduction: Alteration of species transport needed for metabolism by all the body cells and disruption of the metabolic pathway is the major causative mechanism to most systemic body diseases [1]-[3]. However, the major gateway of nutritional and enervating non-gaseous species accessing the cardiovascular system's systemic and portal circulation is through the digestive system. Moreover, dietary species transported via the vascular stream are products of enzymatic and mechanical monomerization of life-supporting macromolecular compounds (polysaccharides, protein, and lipid) within the digestive system into simple molecules like glucose amino acids and fatty acids [4], [5]. These mechanisms are made possible by a group of specialized organs grouped under the digestive system [6]. These organs are responsible for diminishing the nutritious macromolecular compound into various forms absorbed and transported alongside other nonvital species through the portal (liver) circulatory system for screening before finally conveying to the heart [7]. Nutritionally rich deoxygenated blood got oxygenated through pulmonary circulation and ejected by the heart via the vascular channel to different cells within the systemic and portal circulatory circuit for metabolism [7]. A detailed qualitative description of these processes will unequivocally create an opportunity to numerically assess the mechanisms associated with fluid-structure interaction of species transported within the systemic and portal circulatory system. Much work has been done to elucidate the qualitative description of these mechanisms, but studies on numerical quantification of these mechanisms are still relatively sparse. Therefore, significant effort will be spent analyzing these mechanisms computationally while quantifying in tandem the corresponding physiological and pathophysiological implications of organs under this cardiovascular system coverage. Materials and Methods: Highlighting Species Transport and Transformation in the Systemic and Portal Circulation loop. A schematic flow process of species in the systemic and portal circulation loop will be developed to have a clear perspective of species transport and transformation from one Stage to another. Species transport began at the respiratory, digestive, and integumentary entrance, traverse. It transformed through several organs, tissues, and cells applicable to the systems mentioned above and afterward disperse to all other body systems via the systemic and portal circulation flow ducts for metabolisms and various physiological functionalities. Defining Transport and Transformation Mechanism at each Stage of flow process The transport mechanism at each Stage of the process was defined, and the transformational mechanism was equally elucidated as the flow progresses within the systemic and portal circulation loop. A specific mechanism was allotted to each Stage in the flow process.
Results and Discussion: A flow chart depicting stepwise processes involved in the systemic and portal circulation within the cardiovascular system was developed. The flow chart further unfolds species transport and transformation within the loop. The flow chart's essence is to vividly delineate the different stages of transport and change of species within the system and portal circulation. Various organs within the loop are arranged in sequential order in the red borderline rectangular blocks flow diagram. Simultaneously, the transport and transformation of species at different systemic circulation stages are highlighted in a blue borderline rectangular block. The red arrows connect organs in the flow chart. In contrast, the black arrows connecting the red arrows and the red borderline rectangular blocks respectively depict the corresponding species transport occurring from organ to organ and transformation of species within the organ. The rationale behind the flow chart is creating a platform that will help in the detailing of the various physiological mechanisms underlining the different specie transport and transformation processes involved in the systemic and portal circulation. The next task is to qualitatively explain these mechanisms and develop/adopt various numerical models to characterize these physiological processes quantitatively. Conclusion(s) or Summary: The creation of the schematic flow chart advanced the research task with a significant step forward and set a realistic platform for a qualitative representation of the physiological mechanisms required to clearly understand the transport and transformation of species inside the systemic and portal circulation loop. A vivid perspective of where species transport and the change applies within systemic and portal blood circulation loop is evident. Numerical quantification of species transport and transformation processes describe by detail physiological mechanisms will be subsequently examined through modeling. Understanding acquired will be utilized to gain insight into a range of pathophysiological conditions associated with systemic and portal circulation and the relevant diagnostic procedures and therapeutic measures needed to ameliorate the disease in question. References [1] Wootton, David M., Ku, David N, "Fluid Mechanics of Vascular Systems, Diseases, and Thrombosis," Annual Rev Biomed Eng, vol. 01, pp. 299-329, 1999. [2] L. Byoung-Kwon, "Computational Fluid Dynamics in Cardiovascular Disease," The Korean Society of Cardiology, vol. 41, (8), pp. 423-430, 2011. [3] D. M. Wootton et al., "A mechanistic model of acute platelet accumulation in thrombogenic stenoses," Ann. Biomed. Eng., vol. 29, (4), pp. 321-329, 2001. [4] N. Kitadai and S. Maruyama, "Origins of building blocks of life: A review," Geoscience Frontiers, vol. 9, (4), pp. 1117-1153, 2018. [5] B. Rubik, "The biofield hypothesis: Its biophysical basis and role in medicine," The Journal of Alternative & Complementary Medicine, vol. 8, (6), pp. 703-717, 2002. [6] B. O. Schneeman, "Gastrointestinal physiology and functions," Br. J. Nutr., vol. 88, (S2), pp. S159-S163, 2002. [7] P. K. JANGHU. (July 3). Systemic, Pulmonary and Portal Circulation, Anatomy QA. Available: https://anatomyqa.com/systemic-pulmonary-portal-circulation/.
