مجلة رؤى تربوية العددان الثالث والخمسون والرابع والخمسون by Qattan Foundation

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] O L n 5D 6 /6 / ? < GZ ) Ke K . B ;6| ` f 61H z| 6 M6 % & :A KK F 6 1R f t2 c76; < DH? l L Gc B O F B Gc J "At J "H 6X % n" . Gc Y ST f J ?/ Y HO1t .B D7? z| . mKP$ 89 g F g O 6 A7 L . :^6 | R &ST )"H ,$ CT R K / ]1R Z/ OCG "C < ] I $ 6 #I } OZ Q # % . $ <H : : 7 ` t 1 < 6 / v/ 6 <H "H C% } KR O *z / Q h g O <K D%/ / o > t _/ & 7 / 7 ,̀ KH? )"H P6 /6j l Qg KH .6 1 / Kt ,OL p̀ LO O I/ O / /6 / O " nR } g m ? 6Kt? 6 H :K I & ? )"H/ B e p / Qe 6 1 ,OL 1T 6g ^ O K % n k B P Pl B H/ ,$ CT 6 $7 0 L 8zR6 6G OZ )"H ` 6T ) p 7zP JA ; & 7 6j c76G J; K"R/ / R6 A 6GZ m 7 H6 p l Y B n p / . QF 7 _/ EF . x 6C B. ; B f m %/ c ? 1%

t 67 O^/ &J% U B / c 1^ 6 p6DL KR 89 7 . O c1% <79 , CT o ? EZ O <" ^ . J$" ; : ,OL (p 6 ) 1"G Z 7 c J " P L v6 c ; &Q1s . C > : j Z I? " Q .« K " d t» :p 6

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n 6U p Z < « z » \ K P O^ L6T & _6s C % o61$7 ? Q1Z 76c Q^?/ « K «/ b"P/ -J% f / P #" - « z » / 8 6 9U[; ; K ? & 76c Q^? / . n%k p 6 o ? B e / B k B > $ . / OR O" % nt6 k 9^ ? 6H? ] R» :wC> p̀OF / J C < B cX / z $ Q^? ? :X .«JP/ QKR? )"H n K oOZ[t/ n%[ t oO J R Y /? "1 Z )"H J / C (p 6 ) 76c « z » < &, < BN M̀ ? GZ n c% /? JG c% .« L / B ; 1^_ GZ 1000» :,/ J1"G )"H ] \ X y "1 76c Q^? QF t E R O^ nc c , 2 ]Z/ N/ X 9^ . z :Dc% _6s ? I > / . "T KK"

Q " ) Gc » . n j6 0L 1 8/ : D B j Z &O " 89 O O R 76c Q^? t k ? O 6 C7 ? CT? : " % 76 Q ; H O O 7 ? B Z / < 6 K : ET t m Ks y t Z/ 7 P

‫إﺿﺎءة ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺎت ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ اﻟﺒﺤﺚ واﻟﺘﻄﻮﻳﺮ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻮي‬

/2 K QK ? -, CT / .- p 6 ,/ ; <^6 R 97 J / z" HO E7 : J OR & L K H " H KP /2 n ; & C%N o6 $? L p̀ OPO R < [ pN/ /? z < o c N ,OL Q̀7OT q̀ c / ... ? - K / - 8/ 6 v6 c7 &, mKs 7 A 6 | 7 )"H 6 t z o > t KR/ & O , CT .:^6 / 67 ? CT?/

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B U / 0 L & ! 1G k . « z l H» FZ / % %z| n <" ^ 7 Q I 6D B c " $ _6s : & 7 . M 6 11 / ` H m B cLN C %N ? :Hz7 l <H _6s m G % J ? ) c 7 ? )"H ) <" ^ Q c . 1^_ GZ 1000 « K «/ 76c Q^? !; O ; ? 17 H6t/ ... JT6f )"H ^ O P < _6s *6>% < " ^ Z 89 l ! "% B 6t? . KP Z6# 6 )

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-: K % KR- « ^ N/?» [ 6 % : m ] Z & 1 P < 1H t2 d 61 ]c L N !K OK " 7/ O K 7 < :]; Y ?/ : " . o > t p? / Gc ] R B "R p6 #% ! j ] R ; ] > t t ,/?» o > t? / c" c76T m1 %?/ vO " o > t? B Kj ? O^ d 9^ . 6K tk m m; / «i/ Q R . : OcH . ¢t67/ 61H J OK " 7 /6R 9 7 , CT .J : c"% : 7 @"|? O 7 L .

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& G ";/ G76 C" > K ? N Y " n 6 Y 2013 o G761 t p l L m J hLN K K; Y K EF ;6| . 1"G" 6; O (IPad) z P? ? O^ L ./ & G "C M 76 / i . _ 6; O 7 B V 7/ : " + B ; B z C 6g 9^ n 7 ^ 6$ 1 % R 2% ; & 1"G , U nK OF / O7 C o > 7 Y ? J &«6 1( 1H» d % K ; P O m / n 7 ^ < Q£ R ;6 , CT p C"U <7 1 %/ > # " / 6; O -, CT ; &n 7 ^ K " R 2% KR/ < H K PN / rc; &QH C " : C / : ZO% . O - / P O% K 7? . 1t p 7 : L

,$ [ % 17 ]Y ; B D7? \ o Z u R & /6 rt// B B e , CT 9U[% :X KZ / c ; «y* OT :R» :k 9 / &: 7 B OT :R B A : [ %/ X /? OT : .B D7? } E O% =c / } / A 6 1( 1H d ! 1G% Qg Kf B _ K % ) ; 6 1 )"H c / X / :t6 / , CT cX l zH J ? B D7? : < / .!76C v/ / , ( I : C [ > / & N z : / /2 : L/ ] R n QR QR O"L/ : 7 7[ nf QR O I L < ` zAR B KH p 6 %O !">$% ] R L 7Ot : P O% .: " . o > t 6H? ` ,$ CT <h7 ? /? 6 o O G 7 < : ? h " : / B e + ; }OG i 7 6H 6 P )"H p Z 6 | &k Ej / . ?6 /6F 7 L B L? 1 <h7 Z KR ` .: > 7 P :̀ H !g "U , CT g G t /

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‫إﺿﺎءة ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺎت ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ اﻟﺒﺤﺚ واﻟﺘﻄﻮﻳﺮ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻮي‬

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y 76% ;6| :R/ y K o + ]ZO < 7 :R» :6 1U .«y,z . * ` OP/ mZ O % Q^/ . 7 / 17 : Y76j l/ m : 6 m /6 C7 /? / , CT ; 6T < 6$ Q$ >7 : / 1" J OP 7 &m1G O^ 7 Q 7 < ? / J ? Q̀CT * t R 6U M R /? ... « O "1 » O^ k1 m F7 $ k( n J "KH Q1Z & 6A m , CT QH C% !KH/ O )"H N " / . " > $ p l CZ */l Q̀CT Q R b1"$ «o ¦" » Y $ % 17 ]CZ/ < : t/ )"H B _OU mD 7 )"H ^ /6 K J7 7 Ec7 o " m Ks , # rt/ ./ k p T L QP? .«! OCR ] 1 ? b » : QK ? 17 : B 6 Q\ CT \ c :« Ot » Q t L K " / , CT o ^ q }g P[; «y ^6D t <7? < 1" O / p / ? A L _ » < » :i K \ "CT ] Y Z ? ) « 76 t» :,̀ CT? D "KH ) 9 Qc &v 6 ZN ,$ CT @AH?/ « F t g ` .«p / / I» O LO )"H Z F / p / :t " >% / H?/ p / Q f )"H ,$ CT 6 % Y ? & 7 P p̀ 6C / B ;6 1 1 c " < OC ?/ Q R p6f «: » @"T @ ; o > tN ]ZO L $ O 1 t n p OG( jN , CT < HOKA f K" ,/? . U» : R/ p K" A /? 1; .«BC5 ... K" 6U .

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g /$ 89 Q . , CT i B c t EI g K# 17 E R/ y ^ ) : "I/? 89 <Y Q̀ > ,̀z !$ 1G% y6 1( 1H d O;6 7/ 1 p / ? OC [7 , CT ? V O < R : 6 m ^ OI )"H 6 /? : _/ Kh !1t/ 1 /? A . O"K 7 : D 8/_ ? ) ; : <H B O O < 7 :"; c cL q / /? ? ? O^ B D7? B P OK"H / 89 «: " » ,̀z : "H 6 R 7 : " g / @ . B 6 H : @"T/ B j Z/ : O H :Qe p̀ 1H k K o + : "H K H? ?» : C / /9U[% : ? B 6 f * L? ? s QK )"H QD; : ? :"H?/ : % H .«QK o + . , CT 6> Q C / ,z /2 /9U?/ 1 " t OL6T/ : c% H )"H 8? Q C t KR «: » )"H

185

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n &m7lO / 6 " "^ m R 6 - KP6% M 6 ; / *OD / 7 6 L/6G $ O O % « # "CT» n . #F « "F » . O^ 1 Y FZ B e « f 6C «/ &« e » 6 |/ 7 H 6 | p̀ 7 o c%/ k « /6 "s » 7 " tN 1 Fc . L KR 1 Fc ) ; 9^ « CD / QCG » FZ/ 6 t QK n « K ) CD I E R» O# . c7O %/ 1 =Fc

m Q̀KH f / c1t/ 11/6 . 8 6 O B CT/ B ? ? R .k FZ < p̀ 7 L 8 6R p/ / Y / n / n O X 6 n %k R6 «JK H i6H ) @^_ 89 7 » / U B Z / B 7 H Kt @cH : % ?/ , CT m I .B 7 Ot OKK I/ J O ? L n^ «JK H i6H ) @^_ 89 7 » FZ ? 6R9$7 B - e7 L 0 1 d 6 ^6 n ] =Fc

C 6 C % U K [ L p[P C% m ] Z . B 6 1R B % ]hLN / B ; 6#P K^ H 1% :| Y ? N & ; I OR )"H n 7 ^ p R ? K / ! 1G 1H» d s K "R : ; ) 6 C % ] P ? /2 , CT J ; ) O 7 89 &8O 6 «6 1( !76C; &* pN A < H nL QK 7 M6g C $ /6 . " f m O J K Q$ K v6g G t/ t / 6 ; O^ _ c +

K QFC% n ; n^ 6 O" R N t Y " n 7 Y . K PN H G t K / &m , / n 7 ^ 17 m"G i c }6| zP ] 76Z . L / EI ;6| 89 , 1 d 61 O 7 _/ & 1H t2 JKh % < G761 (Woodrow) / // t Gc . G "; , CT? M 7 /

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r G> ? B C D &* ) R 6 c; O%/ / , ; rG> !"( ]ZO < 6 e 6F >7 nH Ks .p 76U p 6 m } A , 1% )"H B K H J ; p 6#e

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O d 61 Z ? )"H KL <76 f 6 R 2%/ n %61U ) 6 e ? Z 6 1 OCG p 6 n QR <7/ % )"H '6 ; , A 9^ . B H 14 ) QF% d 61 H lO7 n @ 6c B O7 B Z/ =F>%/ JK " % . B 6 #% bK"% ?/ / 6 , A . p 6 )"H ) L/ 7 P 6 ; n G O" ?6Z? K"R» : ^6 C% c76T .«6 1R 6C t L ? 6 C n L nZN? p6I q O .

) - 6 #F p̀ HOKA <K - 6 U p c" %/ "L6 . c 1G% : t " % : " % p GG> nH KP ? )"H < C ? p 6 Q1Z < , CT M 7 . c eL 1 m p c 1 % 7 / ! 1G "KH Q "> % 7 . 6 Q R d & 6A . Q [ " d 61 . R %/ / . , CT m Jc1 G% B I U B GG> . / p 61( N 1 6U? / < " l Jc 1G% .

P R8 + O" C + 7 '0Q «' 0 "S ' ,< » 6DU z , Z i G| B CZ / N P ] < : cX Q / OD /9 OG H z » J 6 B CI / « /6 /91 * / H z . t 35 9 KP/ 7 "1 M6 $% «J 7 l» m J% OI/ . 6 1 f )"H J CT? m B K 1 H c / 1 p 1 L O"K 7 :^/ ,/ ? l n 7 "1 6 1 . OcH XkX Q1Z ` 9

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This article was originally published in English under the title “Digital Collaboration in Educational and Research Institutions”, in Cultural, Behavioral, and Social Considerations in Electronic Collaboration, Kok, A., & Lee, H. (eds.), Copyright 2016, IGI Global. Translation by permission of the publisher. 2 http://connect.mit.edu/ 3 https://www.idigbio.org 4 http://www.liveanimals.tv/ 5 http://www.eenet.ee/eenet/eenet_en 6 http://www.nasa.gov/multimedia/nasatv 7 http://events.slooh.com/ 8 http://www.aitchisonmedia.net/nmolp/ 9 http://ares.jsc.nasa.gov/education/eeab/index.cfm 10 http://www.planetaryresources.com/ 11 https://www.zooniverse.org/ 12 http://www.penguinwatch.org 13 http://www.condorwatch.org 14 https://www.facebook.com/creativeminds00 15 http://www.zoo-magdeburg.de/ 16 http://polymathprojects.org/ 17 http://www.nasa.gov/socialmedia 18 http://mynasadata.larc.nasa.gov/

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:< 9^ ]" t * Gutwill, J. P., & Thogersen, E. (2005). Re ecting on APE. In T. Humphrey & J. Gutwill (Eds.), Fostering Active Prolonged Engagement: The Art of Creating APE Exhibits. Walnut Creek: Left Coast Press.

.' t "A B F FU ]KP6% Z/ B e ) O7 ; OI c N /z c; O @ 6U? B Z6T H OeL 6 1 k okR )"H R[ H !76T <H 6 [ @ A / (1988 N R/ n / 6R B e ) Q A % l P 61H /z 9^ < nf N ¶ O / .(1998 /6U / O k .oO7 O% O"1 R+ r . B "KH @ t p ³ t "H !"G$7 n ³³ t2 . ³³ P 6 ³³ s ³³c; O n³³j O"³³t? n³³hL 2 .(www.irb-irc.net) ³³ 1³³ )³³"H ³ "H O³³e <³³ / . "c ³³ ³³ P 6 . M 67OG% : 7 H n 7O : c 86A7 3 . /z³³" ³³HOKA 27 <³³ j O³³ H ³³ H )³³ Qc ³³ O³³ )³³"H lO³³ 6 ³eL ³f? 4 z³³ 6 )³³"H ³C%N R ³³L . %81 , 2³³t Q ³ z³³ 6 )³³"H ³³K c ³³ ³C%N R/ .%80 ³³ P Q ³ .70 = ' n 7/ - 1 U 5 .(X2 = 50.8, p < .001) j FL N /_ 6C 9^ 6

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o Z '6g ;$ < Q"Z B D7? B 6j l HOKA 6;? c <H k <76U DH? OH HOKA DH? L? (1998 1996) /6U / O p P/ Z/ .M6 O % « "j : " %» OK t mA % n M ? ` ; o g >g $%/ @ Os ; 6e 7 6U? 1 6 eR 7? _ , / | O QKH )"H / . O > J > 7 =>f QR ? n 7 > M6 R .J I ( @ " L : 7 6 #7 c c . : KF 9^ Qe R _ 6 ? 6Z 6 U / . Q7OT , C 6> N lz 7/ pkH C ^ OT/ Q7OT , C 6> N M < XkX 6j z O"t Z :X p G / 6C " f . M < 7 6| )"H/ . C" > Xke , f . < 7 " v %? 6C G : KF% ; oO7 O% O"1 R+ B D7? : @"G% J / OC )"H M6 o > t /z .M6 )"H 6G :t c% 60

54-53

6> N z7z mZ O . QK 7 M6 R _ 6 .«y Q7OT , C O R /z : 9 B A7 B 6 C% ^ ? R ? c < O ^ R J b / P U Q OH @1 / #7 .M6 . 7 n X : % # 6X /z m pk c 86¥ ? 6Z Z/ , C 6> N - Q7OG , C 6> k B 6 6 H (8 n ) M ?/) } 9^ 6G% - Q7OT ) O"c 7/ / #7 : " P 89 R # ( ; M6 Q pk c 6 H n OL KP/ .n M6 ZkH N) K 6 | Q OH . /z p P C I/ .(M6 ZkH ) B P K /? (M6

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UHK " & A @ ? 6= N r x 6 > D 02 P Q ,=

L? < O f 6X P ) / t 9^ Qe H6t : J 6 O K 7 : ? / 17 /z [ <7 OG J1D|? 9^ . HOKA . 6U =>f 6 X[ / 17 B /6A 7 i < 7 C J ; B 9P / 17 M6 » E R _ .n#1 7 KR Oe N : ; .: j Z I? !76T <H

x 6E0 "# ! I _ /K :4 ?" ~ (40 = H) 8 n %40 %45 %15

(270 = H) Q7OT , C 6> N %60 %18 %22

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# @1t M6 J ZkH N/ : 6 | M6 6f 1 ZkH J / B P : K^kR : K Q "e w n"7 K ;/

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M . /z 6 ? PO R p 6P ./ . / p ;k U (8 n )/ Q7OT , C 6> N n A7 Q » 6K t /z 6 f (8 n ) M nC; » [P C » /?» H ( » M6H c76G O / «v6 / 8O L/ ) /6D ¦ 2% : A7+ 6H 9^ < / M6 . O;6 7 ? /z N2^ ? o H Q . R < 7z . ^OK C7 : _ 1# /6 7 : : / 6^ h ]X L _ O 6 7 /z Q7OT , C 6> N M nC; /6# v/ 6 % CT p A tN < mt/? HOKA 6 !"U . 6 i L+ ) c . @"# )"H c o < 1L+ ) L/ 9P KP nLO7 p A tk 6 1 %N 9^ .@ I ® )"H O1"A7 O R Q7OT , C 6> N M /l [ : ; ^? : " t? : % 1| : ; - : C ? < 6 e .(8 n ) M /l Q ; 6eR? -: % ZO%/ E" > Q Q C R6 O R /z ? o H Q / ]F ; t ./) .M < HO <79^ . Y Q7OT , C 6> k 6U? M t , %/ 86 11 .( ; OT6> n /z pkH C% O ? V O Q7OT , C 6> N M c% n % t QR < / C" > ] R p L C% !"U . ¥ ? / 17 (8 n )/ ? / 17/ :oO7 O% O"1 R+ . Q C OPO , c%61 <H . QD;? - Q7OT , C 6> N - 6 p L C % . "7OT p 6 C G /z R z7z %

? 6= N r x 6 . > 34,5 % & $(\! )" & A @

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> 2 EY& R rP ! 3) '6 , LOR 6; )"H ] ZO / t pzR H : HOKA @ F < J Q " . HOKA . O^ < BN/? 6 7 ? @A7 HOKA < < O7 ; r76f ^ H < 9^ M . nc cL ]Z/ . _ QKH B 176c% Q < M6# R _ @ P ) / . d % n Q7OT , C 6> N M c 9^ t )Dc$% n p Z/ i c$% Ot/ .(8 n )/ n / 6;u 1 M < HO kR . . H c 6;O

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. ; t "K B D7? Q @ ; 6^ h N 6 C (8 n ) M nC; : H K PN R 9R ]C" U / p HOKA <H , FC N ) Q j e p HOKA ] R p HOKA ? L . M o > tN 6 1 6j z M o > t )"H Z ] R B 1 | 6 1 6j z .B Q7OT , C 6> N

61H B Kh 1 R p , e Q 1t )"H ¶LN Q ; » / . /z 6 7 0 L 8 n M Q7OT , C 6> N M . < . ZO «?6Z M6 < HO / ,OT? 6 C 1 R ] R c; (8 n ) M . ^9 R ?/ .6U ) L . 6H : 7 n 6^ h ,OL ;6 )"H pzR ) Q7OT , C 6> N M . /z Q 58

54-53

.p O" ] ZO%/ Z /

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(<7 OPO O R _ ) rc; /z N2^ Qe }9P < BN / 6j l 8? < r Q7OT 6> z7z % . c76; Q [7 R .M 9 [ 9^ tN/ ] ZO%/ p c% C / cG 61H O" c % 8 6; Q B 6j l 83 ? kU < hLN t/ Q7OT , C 6> N M ? )"H 8O 6j l Q j O H H QR ]Z/ Z Z/ .(8 n ) M ,kU < QR p hLN/ L )"H M6 QR . .( " c CF )"H 6 h% p Z O H) . cG

. KA % n^/ ^ f M6 . "A" c Z6 E % "j H 57

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c p t 6P . ^ P / n pk L QU mZO Qe K p 6 # c" "% n^ 6 /? oO < l/ G M /6 / E <H J;/6 / m / )"H 6G t Z/ . /? ; Qc7 n cG . p t m KP 6P !76T E ) !76G m . mc% ] R n / d AD : O < 6 1 zs . /z R/ .B 176c% :h t ) “ 7 A ” R[ O;6F 7 O l H EZO / “ OG ” < BN KP /? M m KP )"H !1G 7 _ < - (rc; 6e 1 M 61H ^ ^ f p ;k U 8? ; % t . /z /6 )"H 6G " / . I , z% N ] R M . // J < M6 QR "c G M M XkX /? X m d AD ; Qc7 n cG < C" > *_ c ]ZO )"H 6G t/ . C" > )"H B _ < 7 : ) .J C oO . J C M6 M c ) [A" R B 6 eR _ m / o / O f )"H J C M6 < 6 ¢ $ /? C" > .(p O t ) L /?

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«'0 @» > ;"K M a; ;

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54-53

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6> N M < ? . 9 R /l p P / " t? " "L M6 QR ./ .(8 n ) M ?/ Q7OT , C 252 JHOKA / /z" HOKA 32 } c7 t , 2 R / 17 ¶C QR /l HOKA Q L/ . HOKA .(J 7 . pOI 61 m @"T 8[R mt / G )"H L) KR p k tN < O ? KU L? ) , 2 C I :X /z " t? C I ? / .1 :Z ,/ s . 1 O^ bKU < L / ) " t "% <H : OP? E F KZ 4 .2 :Z ,/ s . 1 O^ KR p HOKA

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54-53

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y OD Q 7 N _ < : OP . Z G < B 7z * 7 :E t y Z G < nC 7 ^ b : OP . Z G < B 7z * 7 J ? c H? : : e7 0H 1 nj e o KF < BN 1K" ) ]1^_ O _ : OP g y OD" .Q 7 < OD ) ] ? ]1^_ _ :E t g ByN/? [mT t O 1 ] 9^ ,kU < @^9% O _ : OP 53

M . ; 6eR? O )"H R /z R Q^ <H O1 A7/ O [ 7 0 Q7OT , C 6> N :^ f + E )"H / K 7 O R : ? o? : " t? < 6eR? R KR mZ O . O;6F 7 O R Q^ y: HkT / y:" "KH . c" n " t O ? c 6Z " t 9^ <H P´ ./ Q7OT , C 6> N M . /z L6G7 B D; (8 n ) Z/ . " t "% <H P+ 6T <H k O ; OD;/ 61R? R /z R _ J ? /z / .M6 : > t " t < B 7z OL6G7 ,OL " t < B 7z B D7? OL6G7 ? < OG

RO" *_ K O p ; HOKA KKI 9 o c" / /? r *_O ! t *_O - /z 7 1$7 ? < n c % 6h /l HOKA QR ) 6f? :X - c *_O ) B D7? 6f? KR . HOKA J7 1$% 89 nRO" *_OK Z % p HOKA 9^ ] R _ !c " /z p X /? «:t6 » /? «b7 » Qe ) :t6 *_ K p c% B O f OG ] B lO 6 9^ .(« zP? ) m Gc » . 7 *_ m I . T6> /z R _ / *_ K M6 )"H 6F c lO 6 9^ ] R) lO 6 < C" > p HOKA 6U? M R K B D7? QK 7 Q " " )"H O 9^ .( 6U? pkH C . HOKAK" "A p Z/ I

0/ 7 "9 k z < H Kt B 6 eR n p K ^N L? 6h E" > Q O;6F 7 /l - QH C !" 7 / 7? R[ .p O;/6 / 6 R OPO /z < 6 e vO O f?/ . 6 Q C r76f )"H : OI c c cL ) : K ; 6 Q ¥ ? mZ O . / L Z/ .O7 ; Z / cF" c; O p f / p O;/6 / 61H : OI c : 7 J ? /z 6 7 nR + ( O OP/ n 7 Qe ) /6U EL OeL .O7 C /z QH C% < 9 @ P o z ) O 1 7 O7 C pk A G1%6 % t QR 6 f ) * Hl+ < B D T 1 E D7 QH C [ 6eR? O )"H /6h 7 ? /z ,/ L _ / . % f O 9^ )"H O;6F 7 ? : M6 C7 6 " R_ . ^ e n M m KP .

>r " > Q =, '

B HO lz % M : h % O^ /6 9^ < R M <H [ 7 89 _ <H 6j z QH C%

3 C D 4 0 7 A (=, R > , < L O O7 C p ""L n 7O : c " 1 .!76C p P L )"H B K H Q FC < p 7O XkX r76f H t OK c ^ f Q FC " ) O ./ EZO / 1 p Z/? ) 6 7 B zPO B 676c% O1 R/ O7 ; nG 7/ /z O"t EF7/ r76 )"H HOKA Q V ? J [f < 9^/ .: %kH C% <H H p H 1G H 7/ M6 m /z pkH C B L M6 OG 7z B H/ 6 ? Z M6 R _ 6Z )"H !76C .67OG t p / p 1 9^ .(¢ ... 8 6 N rtO M6 K" c t p I m B D7? B j FL c < Z Z/ .oO7 O% O"1 R+ . 6U? M m 9R/ 6> )"H 6f2KR QA ]ZO / P E OeL 6> N / QA ]ZO ZkH P/ o /z ] R ,OT? B Z/ ]DZ n p HOKA : Q7OT , C Q7OT , C 6> k 6U? p K ? ) Q n / .QZ? B Z/ ]DZ n p HOKA < 6eR? 6> N O"t )"H L / 6f2KR QA ]ZO > t . /z Q7OT , C

' 01 2 > 2 EY '/ ! . Q " LOR Z I / "j p HOKA 6 U 6j z /? t p HOKA < BN % t :h o K ^ < t p HOKA 1 ? ? . 6C HOKA ,kU < , CT? N Aj O 7 p t 0 1 B c;// .: K" < E " /? : 6Z? B 1 | /z p HOKA . EL i /z7 . L / LOR B OK" 7/ Z I? /? "j H 6;? 1 L ? Q " LOR "j H HOKA U n 7/ < HOKA . ,/ => } 6 Z h < ]ZO 6 U => ; #7 n h " ) L M6 HOKA pkH C %k " ./ . HOKA . . =>f 8? oOc7 , KH? 8? 1 L/ P ? V F 76 ;/ 7 P R 8? "At/ HOKA . "KR[ HOKA

‫ﻓﻦ إﺑﺪاع اﻟﻤﻌﺎرض اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ‬

) lO 6 OK c f? Q " " )"H O )"H/ OG "KH . K^? p _ 61 % /z" p RO"t / *_ K . , e Q 1t )"H . M VP 7z "¥+ > < - 29 CI 6h ) (Spinning Patterns) . /z oOc7 n *_ K H ) lO 6 6f? (} " /z R _ 6 ? ? .*_ K "% 1T ) / Q 6 .« Oe1 7» T 1 : ? o? *_ K 9 B KH O Oc7

54-53

.O7 ; r76f )"H : ]Gc$ Z B OI [ /z <76R9 6j l 200 < ½99 ? P/ 7 s c76G 9^ 1 U / 2 .O7 ; r76f )"H / O I $ Z : [ O;6H :^ " Z P . PO% pOF ' F N O B D7? > t / OD < " O7 C 67OF cG ?/ Ect/ 7 t / L nG#% n p O;/6 m / . G 1 . ) L B 176c% /l J Oc7 nf QR mK ? Vg %? .oO7 O% O"1 R+ E < d AD ; 6 7 n

= (,0 a ,

cG P/? 9 /z IOFU 7 KL )"H R2 ? ? nZ <H c"# O % O7 C T6f? Q A I U 6 /z" P_O 0 p t 1% / .E p Gc Q A %/ 0 1 )"H /z m"G% QU )"H p f 9^ : h c76T 7 1 . 61 U H/ .O7 C / | H :^ " Z B 6j l 213 < rc; ½75 ? P/ :X 1.O7 ; r76f )"H / O¦ I $ : [ OK" 7 O R cG cG . p /6 / k|+ )"H p f /

. t <H /z 61>$% O7 C Q A % cG . cF" p f

c76G 9 O F M w ] R 9 7O T6f? < H t 300 < 6eR? KP c . H p 6 :D% p HOKA t / B 6H XkX/ t . O7 C r76f p t ) .6j l 3800 < 6eR? Summative) nF >" : c p t QP? <

O7 C

.((evaluation 51

'/ 0 "9 ,5

(Formative evaluation) n 7O : c p t :h . p H t m ? O7 ; r76f )"H B OI M6 K" Gc < ) / 6 /z p HOKA ""L :X L / oO7 . HOKA ? n OL n KP+ OKA V1F H t QR p t 9^ Qe 9 C L :h ./ . t Q 3

Q7OT , C 6> N O ? % H t @ P ) B 1 P/ @|6 n /z pkH C% O [ 6 C . % Kt/ < BN / . /6 7 < 6 Z m t Z . L )"H M6 8? . /z QKH C R Q I C @eR <H Q7OT , C 6> k H p f <H 0 1 Ot . C" > H M m M % ? < n

"# >42 = _S

)"H /z OI E R yr1D /z pkH C% 9P E R , C 6> N i c O7 C > t :X O7 ; T6f? yM [ ? H Q7OT

6> N , f? < Q R tN lz % r "1% / T )"H O"t 1Z 6 Q7OT , C

. t KL/ 7 O1Z 67 O R _ < BN / mt / G /z ; ) M . 1 O" :"H )"H 1I? p K A /? 6g g g Kh ?/ L , f?/ 6j / Qe f? B 7OT B Z/ ODc7 O R . R6 " " Z L :h . k / Z/ Q B P T6> / / : % / OG7 :^/ N pkH C O Fc tN / tN - /z" O7 ; ^ < p6 pkH C% ,OL / ;? < ]CH - 1 / 1Z 6 / 76L M 8 OG ]L %?/ Q7OT , C 6> N KR .m p C < ; 8[ I U M : h 6> N < Fc V O% . ? 1 nR B D7? % H t p C R6 :t Oc hLN 0 L Q7OT , C ^ / P_OK M < C" > O ? 1 / .m "I/ ;? ,OL , s / Z / /z" O7 ; T6f? ^ 1 H Q7OT , C 6> N p Kt ) B 6 U? . /z t H 0 1 N > E/

$ " ! I % & $ D^ p; R -H $x 6&

: Q7OT , C 6> N O"t . OT6> /l ° ° ° ‫ﻓﻦ إﺑﺪاع اﻟﻤﻌﺎرض اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ‬

. HO p C"( < :|6 )"H M6 . N . 6U M O ? < M6 . 6eR? 6> / 6eR? ]Z/ DZ B e ) M6 ZkH N/ K 6 | } 1t M6 6% t t? } 1t? < BN («]ZO < 6 e 7 b » k B e ) .(« nf QR " ;» k

$uD2 k , \S $ "# Q + '0z/K \K

: Q7OT , C 6> N O"t . OT6> /l B B .E G"t )"H "R K HN / OP )"H ,OF ) t M6 O > 7/ I ( : " t? OL6G7 °

$x 6& 7 "# ND f H

: Q7OT , C 6> N O"t . OT6> /l tN / Fc tN Qe K"H p Ot : [ 6U? p 6f2 OG 7 /? w m : D 7 .Q [ /? 1Z 6 / @ " / . ; 6s 6 C% 6Z ) L 6^ Oh m QH C "I O B. "c f? /? c76T <H B "R PO O % ? / < p ; 6s L6 c% f[ o c / .M6 6^ Oh ZkH J B K ; O 17 : ? / 17

° ° ° ° 50

54-53

- /61 >7/ p 6; O D7 :^/ /z 6 h$%- 9 R O7 ; : c ? "H n#1 7 J ? 6 C !76C DH? N z ? !76C . /6U 6 f _ B R ,/ o c . B j Fc t B RO"t ^ 1 H O"t O G 7 O D ? B D7? /6 f/ 7 #" 6^ h t !76T <H Q7OT , C 6> N /? p 6; O%/ p % / R c76G , C 6> N M6 8 OG L?/ .dj 'k> t :O 9^ )"H " =( l Ot z % Q7OT 9U[7 ? < QZ )"H Y c ^ ? / 17 B GU ; 6 m1 7 " " L / :6j z K ,OIO" / . P/ ,Oc Q B B 76 ; .B j Fc t J K ? < 9^/ .* t ) => m1 7 0 L n KP /? nCT H 6U / dj ) ,OIO" / . p 6P+ < " "t / L 1 U /? " KP /? o K ^k 6 e / "H !"G$7 ? < / 9^/ .6^ Oh /z 9U[7 n c ; . ; t ) K % Ot 6eR? OL %67 : [ /6 7/ .: I ( F> : 1 t? )"H 6 1R L

n^ /z Kt? m KP) ,/ R/ n" f /z < X , e ,Oc% 76h 1 UN H «} » U ( Kt? B H O % Z O / c ' 6Z? 1 . B j k ,/ R ] Z ,/ K Z 1t ./ .Qj O *6L % ] ZO%/ .}OcX / ? "AH m }OcX )"H 8O "AH Y p ^ f ) L - 6t? Q 6 % Ot Oce "A ? : c . 6 % "A .[ 6t? Q 6 % Ot }OcX m "A ] ? c H? :,/ R / c 7 O 7 Ot }Oce m "A : :n" f y 9R b ? QZ? .: :,/ R [ 6t?] 9^ O % < _ <7 c % ] ? :n" f .r ? "A ] 9^ . T 6eR?/ p R c Z n^ :R 86h . Kt [ Oce _ 6 H B L . _ <7 c % ] R _ B L :n" f . I 76h ] R . Kt O % "AH 6U? "AH 9U[ Ot

r76f R6 p K ^N 8/_ < !76C DH? o Z Z/ < BN tN . O K :^/ /z 6 h7 O7 ; k1 mK ?6 N O7 ; mGc B ^ f/ . Fc tN B f Qc% : .(Tiling Table) r "1 / T M6 . O" Q K ] R 6A X? ^ 6C QK % n^/ / .J oOc% V / nj Fc t ^ KX < 7 : .iOK" .Q KP Q B O" B ct B f m F% ? T 1 76% ? "KH ) i GZ Q f )"H Tk ]; ? "L6 ./ B A 6eR? O R6 / ^67 % ]H6f :X ]CZO%/ 6 1 M6 C7 QK 9^ <76 e ) 1 . 6U mGc m . T 1 «01 %» < % : ? ) 6 7/ B FZ B K ,O1Zg )"H !76C DH? w @ " 9^ ^ p H t 6> N , f? < Q R Fc tN @ P ) tN O" ; k f l6 7 ./ . Q7OT , C 1Z 6 :O7 C ^ 6X Q7OT , C 6> N R 0 L M . 6 1Z 6 O" ; . 1 / Z/ . 6^ h Q I C% 7 OhLk7 ? /z" n j6 pkH C / Oc7 / / "7OT p 6 C K /z )"H 6^ h OC 7 ) L /? OFc 7 O O 7 : : 49

. 1t . : % 6; /61 >7 /l

m }Oce t / "AH Z e K c ) 1 OF; .( "A R Kt r1D A R) t / 1"I "AH

‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ اﻻﻧﺨﺮاط اﻟﻔﻌﺎل‬ @ ‫ﻃﻮﻳﻞ اﻟﻤﺪى‬ A ,` 8

O^ : > t X? O7 ; r76f )"H OF / 7 )"H <7 Z O t 9j H QD; c E R 6 N , z N R .J O Oc7/ J O K 7/ /z J" C7 1 . t c nC 7 Q7OT , C 6> N 6 .QK ZkH ; 9 p C76 % ) P R 6U? M . /z" O7 ; r76f ^ !76T <H ? / m / . 6 1 *_ m7 / OPO oO7 O% O"1 R+ Q p n O7 C T6f? . p h " Z E76 % ) B 6 1R B K ^ n O ? o K ^k 6 e /? 6Ke . Q7OT , C 6> N

/z O7 ; r76f ^ ? ? l6 , s 9^ CI 6h ) . 1t M6 *_OK 6 1 "L6 . 9^ 67OG% Z (} " 7z "¥+ > < ) 61 ^ f /z < HOKA HOKA ./ .(M6 OA 7/ p % O 17 i ? :B j B j Fc t B RO"t Q 1t )"H .p P t OF"> 7/ p 6; /61 >7/

& A @ ? 6= N r f 6 ? Q *3

< : Q7OT , C 6> N /6 ? H . Q7OT , C 6> N J % 89 B <7 R[ c . : ? O KR /6 G <76j l 76 ? ;6H 1% < BN B cLN O 6A7 _ : C / 6c7 !j "7OT K"R o > t / .E 7/ /z HOKA }6 [ 6 C 7 V1I? B 6 U? . 6U? Qµ R lz 7 0 M6 . HO f? HOKA T6> . c : g KH? c76G J O Oc7 QKH

‫ﻓﻦ إﺑﺪاع اﻟﻤﻌﺎرض اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ‬

O ? n^ 6c ? "K 9^ . ) / p OG( L / ./ . Q7OT , C 6> N O" K pkH C p 6P+ O ? ,OL !76C E" U /6 < 6 1 ]Z/ . Q7OT , C 6> N N @"G % Q ; J ? o? /z @ P < 6; 1 U /? Fc tN / zR6 6L Q f _ B ; t CF mt/? G )"H C76 % < c ) $ $7 Q^ yM6 ^6;O7 pN K L HOKA O P ] R Q^ yr Q7OT N M6 p O N )"H

R ? t Z/ Q7OT , C 6> N p O ;6 / ? < n : c @ t? < HOKA E O ? "H ? pOF /z 67OF% / .: %kH C%/ /z ;? }9 48

‫ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺰ اﻻﻧﺨﺮاط اﻟﻔﻌﺎل ﻃﻮﻳﻞ اﻟﻤﺪى‬ ‫ﻓﻦ إﺑﺪاع اﻟﻤﻌﺎرض اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ‬ ' ^" !

: % 7l X? K" zR 6 / EL O KP p T )"H /z / 7 89 O ; p DC 9^ Qe K" /6 ,OL L/6G j Fc tN " t / p /6 8 OG H 7 ? J ODc7 89 ]ZO / ^67OG% n / :" )"H /6 6X? t )"H 9 6 U / . O Ks < "H O"FL n p 1 !;/ OD r" 7 K^kR/ 0 e / ,/ "FC KP6% (APE)³ JPO% !;/ 1 K" p /6 p z )"H p /6 8 OG o ? mD7 6U? p PO% m c ) nDC% "H C% K"H p /6 * + D76H B TOGU .J% t / J 1T/ oO" <H 67 # :" % p 6f2

* U 7 89 :" ) 6 U p O . K ^ JPO _ Kt6 i K /6f ] nt oO" zR 6 Qe Kt6 6 | :" p D; 6;O% 89 1G / % 1 !j / H O ?/ f[ EL / )"H nD% QH C " L p DC 9^ 6;O% .o H Q OK < 7 / :" p 76h . 7 P p PO% d 6 . QK OR "H C K" p /6 O O )"H Gc < 1H t2 /8O 6 67OG / 0 1 p /6 9^ Qe . =F> oO"H O7 O t v ; QK / .oO7 O% O"1 R+ - O C / oO" E m / 1 =F> :Z T Q ^[% )"H oO7 O% O"1 R+ m B L :H % n p /6 "% Qe vO C tN / 0 1 ,O / p PO% QZ[ : % ;k U )"H /z / H K PN / ; ce / 76K K" ;6 K" Q1c < ./ t . , O^ KR o H Q nKt6 : " ; . ) Oc% n " t / p T / . tN / 0 1

K" p /6 M6 J% 7l ,kU Gc < 1H t2 86>C b j6 Gc < 1H H Z . 8O 6 67OG / 0 1 d 6 /oO" . : " / 0 1 67OG Gc " ^/ / /6 JKh 89 .2016 n e <76 % 21 - 17 6 C ,kU ) / { o 76t 47

o H Q } 7 6> N z7z %» JPO% <H <; - Q7OT , C « K" M OD r" 7 89 (APA)

oOc% .!76 ] 6 % | p O p 9c / ¸ " :h . < 6> %/ ,/2 !76CR p 1 6 ` )"H , % HO o p oOc% 0 L /6 Q I C% :t < , CT J o Z J1 % p K nA7 < T 6> , ;? v 6 Z / o / / ? @ / X OI/ R/ * p )"H M6 % :X .,O"L : KF%/ p 6Z _ >% / 6 o c% :X "CT * P c% o? QR - , CT p / , CT oOc7 0 L OF 61H , CT /6 FZ J QCT QR n 7 ? /6 K" M6 KR Jj 1 =FZ/ , CT OI < B O B 6 V1F ; OF .« /6 QU /6 » p 1 R

.«J% _ ]Z/ n^ OCG »

^ / / ZO O G%/ 6 : C% 6 6j QK % ^ , CTu B H/6 V1F O l/ A 7 : " %/ mK A ) Q ¥ E R :"L &6 1R :"L <H 6 #I 6 ; 9^ .B Q^u / : H !"( QK E R/ :" / " B /6 < .QD;?

oO" P6 o 7? . : ^?/ , CT ] KP G ? Q1c % ^ /6 ; J 7z / 6 #% )"H ]"KH 6 :^ Oc%/ Q^u : H/6 O"K 7 , CT / mK A < /2P C 7 ,̀ ^?/ % _ . !e%/ c76T 6 % ] 1I? . O ZO% 6eR? O;6 7 <79 : CT?

. 6 1 OCG d 6 6A B zPO B CI/ 9^ R p O t ]t 61H e e 6K" !c 7 d 6 Gc t2 p 6 % p "KH J""> % 67OG%/ @7 % "KH <KD% 8 6C 0 1 / Q [ / E O% ; : 7 Q [%/ "KH < OG Q7O / p t K ! K nH Ks / . KR 6% "U "KH ) P U

; ce / , CT / Q^ c I6; & I6C !">% / : " t?/ , CT ,OD; 6 e% G ?/ M/6H <K K" g :g !"G%/ : "U . g OPO g 6 > g C / E 1 UN / 0 1" p̀ / ? ^ F / 1 O < Q / . tN / , /

< P6>% ) L d 61 . p 6 m QK 6K 7/ . R / c 1G p H/6 ,kU < R6 p "KH . s p 6 )"H < ; 6f / nH Ks . / / z R6 / r G> < l// OCG d 6 Qe & H p̀ R 6f "KH <K D% 9R 6U? p t2 / 6 1 OCG F / : " / 6 /6 / / r1%6 : " QcL . QK % p 6 < / OK < , CT < Q ; .6K OG < \ , +, " ] J

.« /6 ) O < / mK A ) /6 < »

J ; 6> 89 /6 . <T6> 7 /6 . p ? 6 1( 1H <K < QK : 7 p ? &< CT? :h

d³³ » 6³³ 2 <³³K ³ Gc <³³ ³³1H ³³ t2 /8O 6 6³³7OG / 0³³ 1 d³³ 6 . 6³³ 1 ³³ OCG p ³ 6 n³³ O³³ d³³ 6 ,O³³L ³³"U 9³³^ iO³³ T ³ C ; ³³eL 1 ]³³ Z ³³ ; . ³³ i ³ 7 R ³³ t2 / 6³³ G / 7O 6 oO³³" ³³ "R/ ³³ F / :³³ " / ³³ 6 n³³% l/ @³³ P )³³ 86³³ ^ Ks Q³³K / ³³ OCG d³³ 6 ³³ t2 J³³ Kh 89³³ « ³ <³³ :³³" .2016/11/24 . 6³³ 1 . « n ³ t»

54-53

B 7 6 / ! 1G O < m;67 8 c Q R / .p l ¥+ * N ! c / , c 6 /6 . e "c 6 OF 9^ . /6 O^ /6 V1F /6 ) t2 < "H C ) HOKA m QK < 6 , c / .: FZ/ , CT p t K }6A I6; Q % 9^/ % _ m QK B 7z B X !c / ' ( / 7 s O"t? n 1%/ 7 s n n c / 6 P 6 < B l ¥ / . OK Q :X BN/? % _ / J ; 6h H / . % "L6 B : " / @ " < \ I6; , CTu 6;O % "L6 9^ . " K ; , / 1 UN < / tN / 0 1 < : e7 L zR6 V1F ; B : K " %/ : % l ¥ , CT 89 :" ? )"H , 7 ] 1 . 9R/ /6 . t . : # / :^6 C% O T :\ " % &: F>7 :\ " % O^ L )"H :^ H 7 :" % &: % l ¥ Q n% 9 :^6>; <H 61 7 J H /61 7/ I ( :^6h P/ < : " : K ; Q % .8z 6 / n Oc7 / 8 s Q eK R & H pk eK / : " . t . p 6 / BN CT? OF 6 h% 61H : ] ¦ Z$ n ^ / , CT ; cX & K" ; ce" p 6 <7O % ./ . G ? & G < HOKA n ^ 0 L mK A . B D7? J , CT : " %/ ., CT M 7 . : CT? m : OC 7

b + ? E % 6 &!K f /61 > ]ZO / 6 C% c76G Kt O^ Q Q C <H "FC ^_ Z F / % U n 1 < /

, % H G BNOcH !">7 6U )"H v C N » .« 1 UN / 0 1 /

"L6 Qe p 6 < QZ? B H e OF 6 h% H Ks q O < , c N "L6 n^/ d 61 < e @t 7 6#I/ 6 #I 7 2 QKH p HOKA ) <"K 7 0 L p 6K" 61R / ^ . / :AL m B H <K QKH p GG> )"H <"K 7 F > 6f B . p GG> & "H < % n 7 s p Z . /6 61H :" / oO" / O C / 6 1( 1H/ B R B GG> zA 7 p 6 < HOKA rG> J k QK 6 QR ., CT ;? , 1c t / 67OG " Q Z/ 6 c" ) O %/ CI ) GG> FZ ) rG> < ,O Z/ n . CT?/ 6

.«B c1 J ;/6 : " 7 Gc ? 6 f _ G V1F% QCT QR Z T» 45

p hLk / ; < 1 7 p 6 6 #F GU ;» &, CT ) L/ p 6 .«6 1 :" " 8 /6 <KX 8? & 1 cG . OG 7/ <"K 7 n 7 C" > } A / ,Oc =FZ ) ,O 7 L O rG> ? ! 1G% QR 0 L p c 1G } / HOKAK" B " $ V1F7/ rG> n #7 )"H p 6 H 7 B QK ; . "KR[ !"U/ ,O" / p 7 P O ; r /6 R / p K O 7 Z Q >%/ p Zk 7 /

‫ﱠ‬ «‫»اﻟﻘﻄﺎن‬ ‫ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﺔ‬:‫ﺗﻜﻮﻳﻦ ﻣﺮﺑﻴﺎت ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ اﻟﻄﻔﻮﻟﺔ اﻟﻤﺒﻜﺮة‬

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Bibliography: Bond, E. (2011). Plays 9: Innocence, The Balancing Act, Tune, A Window, The Edge. London: Methuen Drama. Bond, E. (2006). Plays: 8: Born, People, Chair, Existence, The Under Room. London: Methuen Drama. Davis, D. (2005). Edward Bond and Drama in Education. In: Davis, D. (ed.) Edward Bond and the Dramatic Child: Edward Bond s plays for Young People. Stoke on Trent, UK & Sterling, USA: Trentham Books, pp.163-180. Bond, E (2003). Plays: 7: Olly s Prison, Coffee, The Crime of the Twenty- rst Century. London: Methuen Drama. Bond, E. (2000). The Hidden Plot. London: Methuen. Bond, E. (1998). Plays: 6: The War Plays, Choruses from after the Assassinations. London: Methuen. Bond, E. (1994). Letters I. Stuart, I. (ed.). Amsterdam: Harwood Academic Publishers. Modell, A. H. (2003). Imagination and the Meaningful Brain. Cambridge, MA, USA: MIT Press. Davis, D. (2009). Commentary. In: Bond, E. (2009). Saved. London: Methuen Drama Students Edition.

Internet websites: The Archive. (n.d.). Donatello, N.B.B. The Martyrdom of St. Lawrence. http://www.artchive.com/artchive/D/donatello/donatello_lawrence.jpg. html (n.d.), assessed in 8-10-2011.

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This translation of Alienation is the” Theatre of Auschwits”: An exploration of form in the Edward Bond s theatre, from Edward Bond and the Dramatic Child: Edward Bond s plays for young people, ed. David Davis, is published by arrangement with UCL Institute of Education Press, UCL Institute of Education, London: www.ucl-ioe-press.com

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Barthes, R (1996) The Tasks of Brechtian Criticism (1956) in Eagleton and Milne (Eds) Marxist Literary Theaory Oxford: Blackwells. Bateson, G, Jackson, D, Hayley, J, and Weakland, J, (1956) Towards a Theaory of Schizophrenia in Behavioral Science 1. Brecht, B ( 1964) Brecht on Theatre London: Methuen. Brecht, B ( 1983) Mother Courage London: Methuen. Bond, E ( 1997) Eleven Vests London, Methuen. Bond, E (2000) The Hidden Plot London, Methuen. Bond, E (2003) an unpublished discussion with Edward Bond, which took place with the contributions to thus book at Newman College of Higher Education, Birmingham, recorded on video. Bond, E The balancing Act A draft of Bond s play performed in schools in 2003 by Big Brum theatre in Education Company unpublished at the time of writing. Counsell, C ( 1996) Signs of Performance: an introduction to twentieth century theatre London: Routledge. Derrida, J ( 1967) On Grammatology Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press. Derrida, J ( 1988) Structure, sign and play in the discourse of the human sciences in Lodge, D Modern Criticism and theory ( Second Edition) London: Longman. Eisenstein, S (1999) From Film Form: Beyond the Shot ( the cinematographic principle and the ideogram) in Braudy and Cohen (Eds) Film Theory and Criticism (Fifth Edition) Oxford: OUP. Fortier, M (1997) Theory/ Theatre: an introduction London: Routledge. Grady (2003) from various conversations with my colleague Tony Grady, who tragically died before he had nished his chapter for this book. Hawkes, T (1977) Structuralism and Semiotics London: Routledge. Lenin, V (1996) Leo Tolstoy and His Epoch (1911) in Eagleton and Milne (Eds) Marxist Literary Theory Oxford: Blackwells. Toller, E (1995) From Post- war German Drama 1928 in Drain, R (Ed.) Twentieth Century Theatre: a sourcebook London: Routledge.

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