Tawantinsuyu, June 25th - September 25th. 2009
Edition # 7
Solidarity and support: $ 1.00
Photo: Amazon, Cortesy of Google
They are only demanding, that they are allowed to live in their forever home, in peace.
We cry out for a free life, to be respected as human being with dignity.
Ayllunchikkuna / Nuestras Comunidades Kaypi qillqasqata / Contents: Tawantinsuyu, June 25th - September 25th. 2009
Edition # 7
Solidarity and support: $ 1.00
Photo: Amazon, Cortesy of Google
They are only demanding, that they are allowed to live in their forever home, in peace.
We cry out for a free life, to be respected as human being with dignity.
Editión:
Juan Francisco Tincopa Calle.
Artícles and/or texts:
Juan Rivera Tosi, Eduardo Galeano, Jorge Alberto Montoya Maquín, Leo Casas Ballón, José Luis Roncal, Iván Reyna Ramos, Carlos Avalos, Juan Francisco Tincopa calle.
Translations y Corrections:
Leo Casas Ballón: (Castellano-Quechua). Rhonda Jorgensen, John Guerrero, Maria Bolaños: (Castellano-Ingles)
Photography:
Howard Olson, Rhonda Jorgensen, Juan Francisco Tincopa Calle, Google.
Diagramatión and final art:
Odila Coba Hernández. - SHALOM –
Distributión y correspondence: Awaqawaq Av. Bolívar 2150, Edificio 3 Dpto # 503 Pueblo Libre (Lima 21) Condominio “Jardines de la católica” Web page: www.awaqawaq.com Email: awaqawaq@live.com
Periodic : Quarterly Editión # 7
Solidarity and support:
Printed Editión: S/. 5.00 (Perú); $ 5.00 (Internacional) Virtual edition: $ 1.00 . "We support the opinions of who kindly, they contribute with their articles, in this edition."
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Hatun Willakuy / Editorial “Huk similla” runakuna People of "a single word" Juan Francisco Tincopa Calle
Pag. 3
Runa kay / Human being Kutirispa hina kasqanta qillqana Rewriting the history Juan Rivera Tosi
Pag. 4 - 7
Tantiakuspa / Thinking about Sumaq muskuyta munay The right of our dreams Eduardo Galeano
Pag. 8 - 9
Pachakuti / The life coming back ¡Wasinchikqa manam rantipaqchu! ¡Our home is not for sale! Juan Francisco Tincopa Calle Rimanakuyninchik / Our talking Hina kaq runallam ñuqaykuqa kanchik We are just natural people II part. of interview with Russell Means
Pag. 10 - 14
Pag. 15 - 19
Yachayninchikkuna / Our knoweldge Yanqa wiraquchakunapa chiqnikuy, utaq manchakuypas. The purity of the unification and the hierarchy of the western civilization. The discrimination and the fear Jorge Alberto MONTOYA MAQUIN Pag. 20 - 24 Takiyninchik, Tusuyninchik / Our song, our dance Aylluruna yachayninkunata qawachiyta munani I want to show the richnnes of the andean culture Josefina Ñahuis Bernedo Pag. 25 - 27 Uywayninchikkuna / Our rearing Kiwicha. Inkapa mikuynin kunanqa llapan llaqtakunapi Ina's food present in all of world Pag. 28 - 29 Carlos Avalos Yachachkankichu? / Did you know that? Pirú llaqtapi kausay suakuna, yapakama apakunku Perú: The bio-piracy: A new form of sacking. Iván Reyna ramos
Pag. 30 - 32
Ayllunchikkuna / Our communities ¡!!AMA WAÑURUCHUNCHU RUNA SIMINCHIK!!! ÑUQANCHIK KAUSARACHISUN, SISARACHISUN. Leo Casas Ballón Pag. 33 - 35
Hatun willakuy/Editorial. Por: Juan Francisco Tincopa Calle
HUK SIMILLA RUNAKUNA
H
People of “a single word”
uk similla runakunamiki ñaupallaqtanchikuna hina. kachkanchik. Ñawpakunamantaraq P a c h a m a m a n c h i k t a t u k u y Chaynata uywanakusqanchik llapallan sunqunchikwan yuyarispamiki sumaq a y l l u n c h i k k u n a p i , kawsayta yapa wiñachisun. Chaymi llaqtanchikkunapipas, chaynaspamiki, chay pachakuti nispa ñuqayku aswan kusi kawsayta wiñachik sutichinchik: Sumaq allin kawsayta karqanchik. kutichimusun. Pim munaqkunawan llallirusun, ama cheqnikunata Chaynataqmiki, llapan llaqtanchik, kutichikuspalla, kuyayninchikta markanchikkunapas, suyukunata qayhuanakuspa. juñumuspa, hatun Awariyta, hatun Tiawanakuqta, hatun Tawantinsuyuqta wiñachiranchik. Chaynam karqa ñawpa killakunapi, yanqa e are people of “a single word”: werakuchakuna qamunankama. responsible people. Thus we used to Kay sumaq kawsayninchiktamiki grow up mutually in all our families, chay ustu werakuchakuna anchata communities and towns from very old cheqniraku. Nisiu nisiuta. Imanasqa? times, and for that reason we could Paykuna hukniraq kaspamiki, iskay grow and fructify a happy life. Also it was that all our towns, kimsa simiyuq runakuna kaspamiki, iskay siki kaspa miki, piña unquq ours unions, reuniting all the regions, runakuna kaspamiki kunankama chay m a n a g e d t o f o r m t h e g r e a t cheqniyta mirachinku watan watan confederations: Wari, Tiawanaku and hina kausayninchikta, runakayninchikta Tawantinsuyu. in this way we lived until wañuchiyta munanqu. the arrival of false powerful ones: the Spanish invaders. Ayankunata chiki chinkarachinku, It was our beautiful way of sunqunkunata chiki tikrarachinku, uma living that the European invader hated. ñutqunkunatapas piñallataña qatallinku ayllu runakunapaq. Hinaspamiki They hated it too much. Because they llullakuq kasqaku, llullallapiña were different in opposite ways, k a w s a n k u . P i c h q a c h u n k a n t i n devoid of a 'single word', devoid of w a t a ñ a m i k i l l u l l a k u a n c h i k , responsibility and self-seeking: they suakuanchik, sipikuanchik, runa said a thing and they made the masinchikta sipi sipirispa miki opposite, claimed to be friends but qullkichakuq kasqaku. they treated to us like enemies. For
Llulla weraquchakuna miki Atawallpa taytanchikta iskay simipi rimarqaku, quturqaku, suarqaku, inaspataq sipirqaku. Hinallataqmi qepa hamuq inkanchikkunata yapa yapa llullakurqaku, chaynata qapiruspa, sipinankupaq. Ñaupaq Tupaq Amaru Inkata chaynamiki sipirqanku. Chaynallam llapan llaqtanchikkunapi, kunankama ayllu runakunata llullakuanku, suakuanku, chiknikuanku, sipikuwankupas mana asnu kayta munaptinchik. Ñuqanchikkunataqmi yuyarichkanchik hina sumaq kawsay kaq umanchikkunata, huk similla, huk rimaylla, huk tantiakuylla, kuk sunqulla. Manama cheknikuq runa kanchikchu. Manama llullakuqruna, qellakuqruna, suaqruna, sipiqruna kanchikchu. Chay sumaq ñanta tariparusun,
Photo: Juan Francisco Tincopa Calle
W
being ill people of bitterness, until now have maintained and cultivated hatred, year after year they are trying to eliminate our own way of life like human people. May be since they misled its souls, or may be perhaps that they twisted its hearts, to maintain its minds single in the bitterness and hatred against us, against the indigenous communities. For that reason they become liars people, live on a wrong way that is normal to them to lie. More of 500 years they are lying to us, robbing and assassinating. With the death of our resemblances usually they knead its fortunes. They were the Spanish liars that spoke with our Inka Atawallpa, with double face and falsifications, deceits and infamy, finally to rob to him and to assassinate it. In the same way they lie to ours inkas of the resistance, time and time again, until catching them and assassinating them. Thus it went that also they assassinated to ours inka Tupac Amaru I. And also, until the present time in all our indigenous communities, they lie to us, hate to us with racism, they stealing to us, and they killing us, if we are not put under tamely. Indigenous people in change, however, we are looking for to remember our good judgment that allowed us to cultivate a beautiful and happy life. “A single word” and responsibility, a single thought and will, a single heart. Then, We are not people of hatreds and resentments, we are not liars, idle, thieves, neither assassins. We are going to meet again the way of our ancestral life. Remembering the heart to our mother yet earth, mother world, mother life, we will return to let grow a pretty, total and worthy life. To this process we called revolution, return to the life: We are going to return to our beautiful way of life, being that tribute to the life renders fructifying it. With all those behind schedule that wish it we will make it possible, but early that, without seeding revenges, but giving and sharing our affections.
Llullanakuyta, Sipinakuyta apamunku, ñoqaykuqa kaqwan, qawkalla kawsayta munaniku" "They impose us the lies an the wars. We just want the true and living in peace”
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Runa kay / Human being Por: Juan Rivera Tosi.
KUTIRISPA HINAKASQANTA QELLQANA
LET US REWRITE OUR HISTORY
I
n this attempt to rewrite our own history, it is worth the trouble to mention some passages of her, who will allow us to include/understand whatever was adulterated, distorted and hidden. A country cannot be constructed when its majority population is marginalized in the pages of its history. It is not possible to be spoken of identity when to falsity our history refuses the possibility to us of feeling to us proud of which we are and of gathering with dignity the cultural legacy of our ancestors.
and other people's to our reality. Here what there was in truth was a confederacy state of Andean nations.
One says that they contributed the language to us, as if we had not had our own language, and forgetting that at the time of the invasion, the Castilian did not have grammar and just they were forming it. The first great distortion to our Andean identity she was the one to invent the existence of the Empire of the Inkas, without stopping to think that the concept of Empire is totally western
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Photo:Cortesía de Google
They have made think us that one of our main errors was them to have confused with our own Gods, which is also false; Atawallpa knew that they were not Gods; and a proof of it is that the appointment in Cajamarca was agreed to by Hernando de Soto for the 16 of November of 1532 to noon, and the Inka appeared entering the seat when mediating the 4 of afternoon. At the time of the conquest, If they had thought that they were Spain told on an inferior cultural Gods, they would not have made d e v e l o p m e n t o u r s , w i t h o u t them hope. embargo, they have made us think History that has written affirms that we had needed time to be at that Atawallpa assassinated its their level, and the time we did not need. We took more than 100 centuries of culture; Europe was pardularia alongside ours in that then. What happens is that our development was totally different from the one from them.
brother, by the dispute of the throne. As if this had been possible in the Andean world; to anybody him something thus in our society would have been happened, since the decision of whom would be the Inka, took the advice from old men and mamakunas after a rigorous selection. Also it is mentioned that one was Cusqueño and the other was Quito, when both had been born in the Qosqo. A tawallpa never assassinated its brother, this was invented by the own Spaniards. It is more, exist evidences of which Huascar was assassinated in Huancabamba between 8 and 10 of October of 1532, a month before the events of Cajamarca, by a patrol of riders to the control of Hernando de Soto, who placed in ambush it and captured when she was transferred with a group of sinchis to Cajamarca to meet itself with its brother. This it would have been the crime that but was taken care of in hiding since it allowed them to appear like peace makers and justice makers, repeating the Biblical history of “caín and abel”, and where the Spaniards appeared being the avengers of “abel” Andean.
"..Is impossible built a country when the majority of his population are putting away from their history.."
The military resistance to the invasion was carried out in the coast and were the Chinchay those that fought, but the proximity to the sea allowed that the Spaniards received reinforcements of the
Runa kay / Human being
After defeat, the refuge one comes to the mythical city of Vilcabamba, but the Indian resistance continued. Our culture was of life, harmonious relation with the nature, of who we was her children. Spain had a culture of the death, with a experience of 8 centuries military against the Moors and their neighbors; its superiority was not in science and culture, but in his expperience to fight and
the arms that had managed to to the crown. It is to really not know the paper that the Indians we played develop. in independence. Another passage of the history In 1813 Pumacahua is united to that also has been distorted is the call war of the independence, the the Aymara lodge “the administered same one that has been written an oath ones of Jumps” and it is according to the western interests. added to the insurrection; as of 1815 Later of three centuries of conquest in all the andeans they begin to arise and present of Spaniards, in the Republiquetas, released territories Andeans, Indians kechwas and where the Andean customs of the Aymaras rise to the montoneras. Inka time recover and the From the Peru stop a great war of c o m m u n a l o r g a n i z a t i o n i s liberation goes; the coast remains recovered. There it was spoken in faithful nevertheless to the Spanish Kechwa or in aymara and the meals c r o w n , i n s p i t e o f h a v i n g and the diet it returns to be India, contradiction of interests with her. etc. These territories are growing In 1810, more than 40 thousands day to day and before the hatred of Aymaras organized militarily and the Spaniards who are impotent to under the command of Tupak Katari destroy them, and the fear of the surrounds the city of La Paz, and Creoles to end up remaining single after 10 days of confrontations they in means of so many Indians. manage to until death release to all When San Martin tries to cross the lengthy heads aymaras and the the andeans the army of liberation, condemned. by the region aymara, receives For that reason, when the medicine support foods and arms of national anthem of Peru is intoned the montoneras, but he vacillated and it is said: “but hardly to the reaching an agreement with the sacred shout, freedom of its coasts zonal heads much, choosing to back was heard, the indolence of the slave down and to prepare the enter Peru shakes” and “humiliated forehead by the route but he releases, less ...., raises”, for us turns out to be an by the coast and right.? offense, an aggression, because it is He is incredible which the one to not know that 20 years ago we that is taught in the schools, with came fighting by independence respect to the war of independence while in the coast they followed loyal lacks all seriousness. The cost has been always hidden that tube for the Andean man, to release to us of Spain: Leaders, heroes or martyrs, are single descending Creoles and of Spaniards. They take care of much of which they do not appear curacas or you lead Indians directing the independent movement and to the only ones that he is mentioned to them are to Tupac Amaru, While the Indians fought and overcame the last Spanish military redoubts; while they supported the cruelest blows of a oppressor force that agonized, the Creoles "...Atahuallpa never murdered to his brother. Picture: Coortesía de Google
north, of Panama, of Puerto Rico and Mexico. The Chinchay was overcome after 10 years of resistance, but many survivors raised the Qosqo to be united to the forces of Manco Inka. Thus Taype, Kuyachiy and Koriatan do, that are united to the Aymaras directed by qilqikura uma. Of the forest eyebrow Atalka and Rupaq Yupanqui raise. The objective: to surround the Qosqo, to recover it and to force the invader to return to its earth. It was not the intention to assassinate them or to take revenge themselves but to stop its crimes and to expel them by the sea. One thought that they were ill men of the soul rarefied by gold. The own Spaniards said that its single disease was cured with gold and for that reason its interest in obtaining it. The results of the wall of the Qosqo are known: they died assassinated to cold blood more than thousand five hundred Indians after to have rendered. There, there was a Chinkay head who emphasized by his anger and courageous; that when seeing itself surrounded by its enemies, it attacked with club in hand and I kill whichever Spanish attempt to capture it, finally I throw myself to drained from one of the platforms but high of the temple they saqsaywaman. Its fierceness could not be erased by history and today it is known him like Cahuide, although its true name was Kuyachiy.
Those version was invented by the spaniards...”
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Runa kay / Human being go to I exercise patriotic it accepted and it recognized its military rank to him; but most unusual it was than Peru assumed like hers the debt contracted by the Virrey to fight to the patriotic ones. Finally in independence the Creole governors continued not knowing our culture and to the Indian, their main one Another one of myths of the deposit taker. history of Peru is the referred one to The “War of the Pacific” and the battle of Ayacucho that sealed their consequences for the Aymara the independence of America. It can nation are another test of the seem a heresy, but it does not exist upsetting of our rights. This was any concrete test that indeed that caused by the oligarchies Peruvian, battle got rid. There is no doubt Bolivian and Chilean, without which the armies patriotic and mattering to them that those were realistic were as opposed to in front territories aymaras. Finally the in the Pampas of the Quinua, which Aymara nation was dismantled and they were generals Sucre and the of being an Andean and coastal Serna, that were the harangues, that town, we finished locket and signed the capitulation of Ayacucho, separated of our families. Today but… sounded the tubes? they hit Peru and Bolivia continue lamenting the swords. There are no evidences the lost one of territories, but no on the matter since in Huamanga the recognizes the damage that did us to relation of dead is not registered and aymaras, that nothing we had to do hurt the day of the battle, have not with the war and the interests that been rest of projectiles nor the caused it. ammunition, and it is not to be surprised since as much the patriotic General Staff as the realist was conformed by masons, which makes suppose that the capitulation was agreed to without getting to resort to the force of the arms and the advantages and treatment that received later the realistic generals take to us to suppose that indeed was thus: their rights like realistic officials were respected to them, their expenses from return to Spain were due to pay for cancelling to them in addition 50% to their pay of officials while they remained in Peru, their properties would be respected and if some realistic official wished to
A last fact that we would mention is referred to the sprouting of the call the indigenous. When beginning century XX, the Indian could not be ignored by the society by but time, and some intellectuals began to take it in account, and their expositions and positions but were varied and the diverse ones since there was from paternalism to fatalism, but what it was clear it was that they understood neither to the Indian nor to his culture. In 1922, Francisco Sands, in the book Coronato of the indigenous race, it maintains that: “ the Indian, conservative, idiot, antisocial, are due to turn modern, formed into a guild and business people worker, who must be removed from the andean and be taken where but he is needed to him by lack of manual labor; that he is useful to the country.” In 1929, Dora Mayer, indigenous called, intellectual outstanding raises in her work: The native and his rights, something that is totally amazing, says that: “The calls to make the titánica task Are the children of the gamonales of reestablishing the sovereignty and greatness of the indigenous race”. Who? , the children of the gamonales, that is the children of those who were our oppressors and they squashed to us. Photo: Cortesia de Google
prepared the coming of San Martin and Bolivar. Single they could save to the dominant elites, of an eminent and dangerous indigenous triumph. The war was developed during many in in the andeans, and the coast just gets up when taking place in Paracas the disembarkation of San Martin in September of 1820.
"...At 1810 more than 10,000 Aymaras, under the leadership of Tupac Katari, they surrended the La Paz City...”
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That same year, in the magazine Amauta, that directed to Jose Carlos Mariátegui, founder of the Peruvian c o m m u n i s t p a r t y, publishes itself I articulate on the psychology of the Indian, written by Enrique Lopez Albujar, this affirms the following thing: “The Indian does not know to give but to request, and when he gives, he gives little, and however he requests much; that it has
Runa kay / Human being
"Our traditions give us the skill for making retalives to each others always, create a new life and make this beautiful "
Our community brothers, “were turned” farmers so that they serve as allies to the working class in a political line that did not represent to them and doesn't have nothing to do with their reality neither with their culture. One crawled this way to the Andean indigenous people, to a project that did not contain their interests absolutely. Cases as the mentioned ones are innumerable in the history of Peru, and if the referred thing really worries to us to our cultural identity, it is necessary to return to write history but from our own perspective since it will allow to return easily to our roots. Our history, that is the same one that all the nations Indians of the continent, shows to pain and sadness by everything what it was due to support, but our people follow cheers, she laughs she sings and she dances; it is that our culture survived, and became rich with the
cultural contributions that it extracted of western Europe. It is that unlike its culture that is excluding, ours is bringing together and it does not have any repairs in gathering the positive of the cultures to which it relates, including the one of its oppressor. This occurs because our traditions take to us to make brothers to us permanently, to create life, to make life. We do not have any disadvantage in accepting the cultural contributions of these towns whenever it does not attempt to the harmonious relation mannature neither means to lose our identity, because this one, the Indian does not negotiate it nor sells it.
standing up. U s a r i c h gastronomical tradition is known us and we are proud of it because it comprises of the cultural mixture of which we spoke, and one of the flavorful dishes but of the Andean food is corn with cheese. First he is ours whereas the second is a cultural contribution of the West; and the combination is flavorful. It is that it is possible to be combined what is valued. If one of the parts not deigns or it underestimates them, simply we would discard the possibility of using it or of combining it with which we did not consider of value.
Foto: Cortesía Google
Later, by political interests and without concerning absolutely the social reality to them of you walk them and our culture, chose to change the name to our brothers comuneros and they began to call them farmers, and all they accepted it like something n o r m a l . S u c h denomination was used for the formulation of a political project elaborated by the Communists, where they appear with foundation when having the working class of ally to the peasantry.
Photo: Juan Francsco Tincopa Calle
occasion always robs, and if it does not have it creates it or it waits it; when it kisses a hand is when but close this to bite it.”… And this was the “indigenous defendings” outstanding expression.
For that reason when we spoke of cultural identity, which we do it is to recognize that value that the western society and its state never it wanted to recognize nor to repair to us to us, but also is a call to rescue our cultural values, that today, before the existence crisis of the West, return to appear again with force and they also appear like cultural alternative for the western world.
The challenge that we have ahead is: To rescue it, or to succumb into the hands of the call plagues emotional of the humanity, that it looks for to destroy the knowledge and culture of the towns that count on a millenarian tradition; into the hands of a technology of the lost death and of moral values of the present society. And this challenge, or we assumed it or simply we let ourselves destroy.
We can accept as something natural a cultural mixture, after more than five centuries of European presence in our continent, where the western thing with the Andean can be connected or be moored, we would not have *Conference gave by Juan Rivera, disadvantages, whenever that does shortly before he past away at not mean to one to put itself of August of the 2007. knees and the other to straighten up
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Tantiakuspa / Thinking about Por: Eduardo Galeano
Sumaq muskuyta munay The right to dream
T
he new millennium is already being born. It does not give to too much take the subject in serious: to the aim and the end, year 2001 of the Christians is year 1379 of the Muslims, the 5114 of Mayan and the 5762 of the Jews. The new millennium is born first of January by work and grace of a whim of the senators of the Roman empire, who a good day decided to break the tradition that commanded to celebrate the New Year in the beginning of the spring.
The truth is happiness, is not one that resists: in one it dates thus, by arbitrary that is, anyone feels the temptation to ask itself how it will be the time that will be. And one goes that is to say how it will be. We have an only certainty: in the Twenty one century, if still we are here, all we will be people of the last century and, worse still, we will be people of the past millennium. Although we cannot yes guess the time that will be, that we have, at least, the right to imagine the one that we want that it is. In 1948 and en1976, the United Nations proclaimed extensive lists of human rights; but the immense majority of the
humanity does not have the right more to see, to hear and to shut up. What so if we began to exert never proclaimed straight to dream? What so if we were delirious, by a short time? We are going to nail the eyes beyond infamous, to guess another possible world: the air will be clean of all poison that does not come from the human fears and the human passions; in the streets, the automobiles will be squashed by the dogs; people will be handled by the automobile, neither will be programmed by the computer, nor will be bought by the supermarket, nor will be watched after the television set.
Photo: CortesĂa de Google
And the account of the years of the Christian era comes from another whim: good day, a Pope of Rome decided Millennium goes, millennium comes, the The television set will stop occasion is propitious so that the being the most speakers of important inflamed verb, member of the oration, on the family, and will be destiny of the treated as the humanity, and so plate or washer t h a t t h e machine; people spokesmen of the will work to live, wrath of God instead of living to announce the aim work; crime will of the world and incorporate to general explosion, codes penal of while the time stupidity, that continues, shot commits who live off the mouth, its to have or to win, l o n g w a l k instead of living to throughout the live just, as the eternity and of the "..The food will not be merchandise, nor the communication a business, b ird without mystery. because the food and the communication are human rights..�
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Tantiakuspa / Thinking about
Photo: Rhonda Jorgensen
knowledge sings that sings and m e r c h a n d i s e , n o r t h e In Argentina, the crazy as the boy without knowledge communication a business, people of Seat of May will be an plays that plays. because the food and the example of mental health, communication are human because they refused to forget In no country the boys who rights; nobody will die of hunger, in the times of the obligatory refuse military serve, but those because nobody will die of amnesia; Saint Mother Church will go imprisoned that they indigestion; the children of the will correct the mistakes of the want to fulfill it; the economists street will not be treated as if tables of Moises, and the sixth will not call standard of life to the they were sweepings, because order will order to celebrate the consumption level , nor will call there will be children of the no body; the Church also will quality of life to the amount of street; the rich children will not dictate another order, that had things; the cooks will not think be treated as if they were forgotten God to him: “You will that to the lobsters he enchants money, because there will be no love the nature, from which to them that they boil them rich children; the education will forms leave�. alive; the historians will not think not be the privilege of those that to the countries he who can pay it. The deserts of the world enchants to them to be invaded; and the deserts of the soul will the politicians will not think that The police will not be the be reforested; the desperate to the poor men he enchants to curse of those who cannot buy ones will be waited for and the them to eat promises. it; justice and the freedom, lost ones will be found, because Siamese sisters the condemned they are those that were The solemnity will be let to live separated, will return to hopeless as much of waiting for think that it is a virtue, and join themselves, well close each and those that were lost as nobody will take seriously to other, back against back; a much of looking for. which he is not able to take the woman, Black, will be president hair; the death and the money of Brazil and another woman, We will be contemporary will lose their magical powers, Black, will be president of the compatriots and of all those that and neither by death nor United States of America; a have will of justice and will of fortunately the gangster will woman India will govern beauty, have been born where become virtuous horseman; Guatemala and another one, they have been born and they nobody will be considered hero Peru. lived when they have lived, nor idiot to do without they just what creates just a little bit concern instead of doing nor the borders what the more of the map or the agrees to him; the t i m e ; t h e world no longer perfection will will be in war continue being against the poor the boring men, but against privilege of the the poverty, and Gods; but in this the war industry trouble maker will not have and fucker world more remedy every night will be than to declare lived as if outside bankruptcy . the last one The food will n o t b e "...We will be contemporary compatriots and of all those that have will of justice and will of beauty, have been born where they have been born and they lived when they have lived...�
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Pachakuti / The life coming back By:
Juan Francisco Tincopa Calle
The cry out and struggle of Amazonian communities in Perú:
¡Wasinchikqa manam rantipaqchu!
A
¡Our Home is not for sale!
t the time of closing our edition, the indigenous communities of amazons in Peru, they have been more than two months raised, in protest against illegitimate and illegal Decrees that it tries to implant a government on the basis of the great power the abuse, to sell the amazons forests to the transnational monopolies predators of natural resources. This impressive mobilization and fights indigenous has cost to them until the moment but of 20 victims who add themselves by the side of the native ones next to the side of the police that received the order to repress them to blood and fire.
what they want to do, but like experienced politicians, swindlers and dealers of consciences, they make up to its true intentions with the speeches on the progress and development in supposed benefit of all the country. Nevertheless the fish by the mouth dies and already Alan García had announced his intentions against the indigenous rights with his famous one I articulate: “Dogs of the market gardener”.
sentence, the disinformation, the lie and manipulation, once again to the service of the aims of the turn government and to the service of the modern c o l o n i a l i s m , f u s s presented/displayed like worldwide.
Photo: Cortesía Google
Colonial mentality in the heat of century XXI. If, to maintain that the natives do not know to identify their interests and rights and that by ignorance the progress and the development of the country are against to, it is p ractically to continue When the protest and indigenous rise in defense of their considering us as subhuman since survival, its home, and by the Pizarro and his band of criminals human sovereignty and dignity, and thieves, to create an alibi that would have rather to be reason allows them to invade and to The government of Alan for endorsement and balanced depredate. To confuse the García, and their TLC (Free valuation, happens the opposite i n s a n i t y b e n e f i t s o f t h e Trade Agreement) with the in the scenes of the power and transnational monopolies with United States, has now been m a s s i v e m e a n s o f the progress of the country is looking for to undress to the c o m m u n i c a t i o n : t h e d e a f another deliberate slap to human intelligence. Who natives of Amazon of his handle the political territories, their p o w e r continues habitat, his home for confusing their thousands of years; and economic interests with for it it illegally imposed civil rights and their arbitrarily and the personal whims with Legislative Decrees the empire of the that open passage to legality. Single therefore the race to devastate it is possible to be Amazon and to included/understood as exterminate to the they are able to admit native indigenous like progress the nationalities that inhabit robbery of the it.“ The tribal borders will indigenous territories have to be dissolved” as " That we would think if, our home of always, in which our and its own destruction the present president millenarian parents, grandparents, greats-grandfather, grand grandfather, and our ancestors also dwelled; in and trying to do it in of the country whose rivers we fished and in whose forests we hunted, addition through announced pattern of single to survive; in where we learned the wise culture to Decrees that do not live respecting and loving our mother nature; suddenly Alan García. This is outside put for sale ..”
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Pachakuti / The life coming back
Photo: CortesĂa Google
For these merchants of know the own national and advisers. Lamentably the answer nations, Peru is not more than a is if! , and at the same time no. If! international legality. word than is used to adorn its they know that what is doing is to The rise did not arise by give natural resources to the speeches and lies whereupon intransigence of the indigenous monopolies, know that the great they conceal his betrayal and the organizations but all the companies do not have any plan monumental corruption in which opposite, was he himself of development that are not the they have sunk to the political government of Alan GarcĂa who o p era tio n o f the na tura l powers in all the country. They with their behavior illegal and resources for the accumulation do not know that to sink to the arrogant, causes the natural of and but more and more country in greater colonial reaction of the indigenous capital, for them. Clear that they dependency, in ahead she will population, in defense of its know it. Then so that they do it. affect not only to the natives who territories, that in the case I So that his pattern commands to are shooting these days in Bagua, specify of them, it cannot be them, and because where there Amazon, but to the great majority reduced to particular titles of is big foreign investment there is of Peruvian and the great agricultural parcels, by the removing to their perquisite and majority of the world-wide obvious reasons of which it commissions. population. They do not know means the Amazon ecology. that they are giving a stab him to Now, they No! they know our own planet. There will be no Amazon without Amazon natives. They what they are doing, because the That we would think if, our depend on the forests and crimes of humanity, like are and home of always, in which our Amazon rivers, as much as these where it is that it is committed, m i l l e narian parents, depend on the taken care of form sooner or later have to be of handling and on their judged, and in addition to it, the g r a n d p a r e n t s , g r e a t s e c o s y s t e m , p r a c t i c e d b y new generations, including his grandfather, grand grandfather, indigenous the ancestral culture own children, they could not be and our ancestors also dwelled; and that it has allowed them to deceived easily and they will have in whose rivers we fished and in live in harmony with the nature to render accounts before the whose forests we hunted, single history, that also it will stop being to survive; in where we learned during thousands on years. an alibi to justify his crimes, and the wise culture to live Now but that never, the wrath gradually becoming a respecting and loving our mother government this putting in documented registry of the facts, nature; suddenly outside put for danger of extinction to all the an aid for the memory of the sale - in closing but, well without Amazon nationalities and not towns. further a do single with the only that but that this putting in promise of which with this the greater risk to the lung of the government entire world, would create a accelerating w o r l d o f already the fateful development and rate of become a progress to us. desert of the Where we are forests, with going to live that irreversible and supposed wonder catastrophic that would come. consequences. Once the natives Cannot see this so are undressed of obvious reality the their Amazon P e r u v i a n house, they will be governors? So entering the b l i n d a n d irreversible ingenuous they process of its can be of not "...It is time to reflect seriously, because if the Amazon natives are brutally extinction. realizing of which put in a corner towards their extinction, and with them the amazons If it prospers the they read in its same; that it will prevent this one or other colonialist governments who do the same with the indigenous communities of walks and the coast, and also aggression of the information of its with the great majorities accumulated in the great cities?..." government of
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Pachakuti / The life coming back to our ancestor the goods to them that had brought (copper axes, knives, pots, arms) and these were very tempting. The target said: You would not change the skins to me of your animals by my products. Our ancestor said: “We will buy its products and you they bought our skins”. The targets did not propose nothing else; our ancestor did not accede to nothing else.”
hunting was scarce! …. And the benefits that we obtained by this agreement are these: Instead of using a stone to cut my wood, use a sharpened metal axe; instead of dressing to me in my warm clothes, use the one that comes across from great waters; instead of having sufficient food, always I am hungry; in place to be sober, the natives are drunk…” (In 1803 only, the colonizers introduced 21.000 gallons of Rum to the interior of Paw de Chat. Ojibway the indigenous nations of North The colonialist always have America) arrived at our earth appearing “We must deliberate on what? like retailers, investors, and On nothing less than if we must or supposed carrying of not to be a town. The tyrant is not development and progress. That native of our town, is the pernicious has been its form to open our liquid that our supposed white doors and to take advantage of our hospitality, to make believe friends introduced, and who we It is time to reflect seriously, us in its supposed friendship, have in abundance.” because if the Amazon natives soon to rob to us and to Orador Creek are brutally put in a corner assassinate to us, of immediate or towards their extinction, and in a long process of systematic The colonial outposts not with them the amazons same; extermination. This we know even have changed substantially that it will prevent this one or well all the towns to it that we their methods and techniques of other colonialist governments underwent its consequences in penetration and continue being who do the same with the Asia, Africa, Australia, and all e q u a l l y d e s t r u c t i v e a n d indigenous communities of walks America. genocides, although they try to and the coast, and also with the make up his actions. Now in “So it was the agreement of our great majorities accumulated in name of the worldwide and the ancestors with the white man: free market, but naturally the great cities? They hunted for the white man…! everything in exclusive benefit of What it is happening now, and non step long time before the them and letting to our survivors with this modern eagerness the right recycle excited its colonizer, already it happened sweep ings, before and being believing to us to be which we fought recognized like with he himself human people, and based empire allowing us to colonial in North c h o o s e America, it agrees “democratically” to to remember our own twigs of history to traverse turn. Many we even some words of the bite the bait and own indigenous while we dreamed brothers: about leaving to the development and “When the white the progress, the man wine like crude reality is that foreigner, saw that a r e the skins of our "...The rise did not arise by intransigence of the indigenous organizations w e all the opposite, was he himself government of Alan García who with impoverished day n a t i o n s w e r e but their behavior illegal and arrogant, causes the natural reaction of the to day but, we are valuable, then I teach indigenous population, ..." Photo: Cortesía Google
Alan the García's a process of genocide in the Amazon region would be culminating who could not obtain in 500 years of colonialist penetration. But to deceive the unwary and approval of the invaders, they conserved by its position some national reserves and parks with rest of “domesticated or disguised tribes”, to sell that “image” in the market of cultural the superficial and rotten tourism. That we would think if who being government of our own country and for that reason would have to protect to us, is giving the weapon with which the thieves and assassins come to snatch our house to let to us to us die in the inclemency?
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Pachakuti / The life coming back not but that mouthfuls in the free centuries from the arrival of the market, for feast of powerful the colonial invaders. They repeat insatiable colonial empires. exactly the same and they do not have embarrassment because The cerebral washing to they know that previously they traverse of the colonizers have made forget history us, thus educative systems; the can repeat its lies time and time alcoholism, tools of the again and off guard the progressive making idiots, were population to swallow the hook. used from their origins and they The governments of the even continue being used in more sophisticated form to United States, from their obtain a same aim: to make sure beginnings, are expert in the control the put under ones. Treaties, almost we could say For that reason, the indigenous that they invented them. Single, but shone leaders of the entire which single one of the treaties world agree in which we needed that signed in all history, in that to retake our own ways and to does not exist nor one are honest recover ours knoweldge and its word. Also they are expert in Free Commerce, single that ancestral cultures. exerting the total freedom of “In the past, nobody them to take advantage of the negotiated with Then us ...... we weakness the dealt ones and to did not waste our animals, since we swindle them with impunity. did it after the white man wine to And our governors want to us to this island.” choke with this full fish of thorns “The times have changed in name of the development and much, the time has returned the progress of our country! The things the other way around….with the aid of the white man. In the past our ancestors they lived peacefully, love and great harmony, and had everything in abundance, but now it does not happen the same: Our fishing, our hunting and hunting of birds has finished completely” The Free Trade Agreement , with the United States of North America is presented/displayed as a great benefit and unquestionable development tool for the country. All the mass media agree in it. They say that, like the foreign investment, will bring benefits, progress and development. But work and but money! They say scoundrels very hiding the true sacking and operating nature of its plans. But all their arguments and promises come it repeating year after year, decade after decade, and by
Photo: Cortesía Google
Harry Quaduaquid. Mohegan
"...The Pontiac leader, was “the Juan Santos Atahualpa of the natives of North America”, because the Odawas was able to obtain an indigenous confederation along with, Shawnies, Senecas. Miamis, Lenapes, Amishinabes, among other nations and to lead them in a war of anti-colonialist resistance...”
Legislative Decrees that allow the delivery of communal territories were one of the implicit conditions of his mentioned treaty. For that reason and to fulfill the aims of its masters of the north they have been sent to unload this ferocious repression on the indigenous movement that single it looks for to defend its earth. “English! Although they have conquered the French not yet have conquered us to us. We are not its slaves! … These lakes, these forests and mountains us gave our ancestors it. They are our inheritance! …! And we will not resign to them! Pontiac. Odawa The Pontiac leader, was “the Juan Santos Atahualpa of the natives of North America”, because the Odawas was able to obtain an indigenous confederation along with, Shawnies, Senecas. Miamis, Lenapes, Amishinabes, among other nations and to lead them in a war of anti-colonialist resistance that only with first bacteriological war was never overcome, safe with the lefthand side that history knows, and the treason; by the astute policy of the colonialists that once again I take to divide to the Indian villages with the promise of which it would not affect its earth. What step later is history: The despoliation and genocide of the natives! What this happening today, already happened before and will continue happening so that the nature of the empire is thus: They are insane predators. They are not like the Wolves, Bears, or Panthers that hunt to satiate their hunger, and try to in front of defend its territory of hunting the competitors. They are human mutations that accumulate to be
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Photo: Cortesía Google
Pachakuti / The life coming back nature. The lesson of pacific fight is forceful and the justice and legality of its cause also.
has to put the things in his true place and the government will have to negotiate. Like all apparatus of being able arrogant and abusive has had to hope that the town in its great majority stops itself and raises to force it to do what it always must have done: To respect the rights of the others and the democratic will of the population, to respect its own constitution and the laws.
Photo: Cortesía Google
T h e identification w i t h t h e indigenous rise for that reason, has transferred "..the even-tempered ones in all this history are the natives. Most gracious and even-tempered, as opposed to the In all indigenous ancestral ideological, repressive barbarism of the government..." political limits culture, we do not think that the able by the pleasure to control, and border of all type: it has policy serves to solve our deep to show and to waste. By the managed anywhere in the world problems but, which we do is to sickly addiction to the profit, the to summon to voices in speak with the truth; thus they irrational comfort and the endorsement and solidarity with have done it you lead them of the diverse perversions but that we i t s c a u s e . T h e r e i s indigenous rise and while they pruned to imagine. That a man or Unemployment and national are stopped in these truths, there a family does accumulating mobilization that announces in all will be no possibility that are million, trillions and trillions of Peru for the 7, 8 and 9 of Julio and swindled. What is going to dollars incessantly and without in they are going to also agree happen in the next days, weeks you limit; while million human practically all unions, social, and months will escape totally to beings must die of hunger for it?. cultural and political the the control of the groups of being organizations, and the own able colonial modern. We To want to take control of the settlers are going to be c o n s i d e r e d n e c e s s a r y t o entire world, turning everything expressing this so necessary reinforce the outcry of freedom and to all merchandise. That and dignity of our Amazon solidarity. game so sinister east, that they indigenous brothers, who fight For the first time from 1977, by the defense of their home and call development and global a fight of the Peruvian town, this with it they teach us to progress of the humanity! you see led by the Amazon everybody as he is that the whole `The natives of Bagua, indigenous communities, he goes planet is due to also defend. Amazon and all Peru, during these long days of mobilization and rise, are giving a lesson of dignity, ethics and moral to the world, and there will be incidents outside control or no errors that can diminish this fact. In extraordinary a organizational effort the possibilities of errors are present always, but that does not have to take to confuse to us and to call to the “equanimity”, when but the even-tempered ones in all this history are the natives. Most gracious and eventempered, as opposed to the repressive barbarism of the government. In addition that they have to battle against all "...our Amazon indigenous brothers, who fight by the defense of their home and with class of pressures of diverse it they teach us to everybody as he is that the whole planet is due to also defend..."
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Rimanakuyninchik / Our talking Interview with Russell Means ( Second Part.)
By: Juan Francisco Tincopa Calle
Hina kaq runallam ñoqaykuna kanchik We just are people with natural life QAWAQ.- I want to comment a personal experience. I have an eighteen years old friend, that he is still student of high school. He talked to me about his teacher who is black but he doesn't accepted that he is black, and when he spoken about history or geography of the world, he teaches mistakes or particular kind of true, and my friend let him note it.
My friend was very confused and keeps asking questions, also about the history of the black people, and for this the teacher became mad and answer: “I'm not black people, I'm American.” This makes me reflection about what are going on actually; because when any nation lost her roots, they lost everything. Only in this way you can understand to this teacher who obviously is originally from Africa, but he refuses his identity when he said: I'm American!. What is this means for the people
This is what bring to my memory, when I read the speech of the new president, where he tries to send a subliminal message to the Indian people, to us, and calling us like “Don't believers” ,like that meaning: ”you are nothing..”
The black man came over from Africa as slaves for centuries; his only role model is white male not the female; the white male. That goes for black woman; their only role model is a white male. So how are they going to turn it out. Now the only he did said we are non believers; this black man, new president of the United States; but he also said in that speech, and we punted it out: “The lines of tribes will be dissolve” .The only lines of tribes in this entire country are Indians….
Russell Means.- ! Yes! You caught that. Good for you. Because we caught it; I caught it. The rest of my Indian people they like the black QAWAQ.- Of course, it is all man. They think Obama is the new around the world. It is same god, the new Jesus, you know. work for us, For Peruvian people, if I'm Chanka, I can not have chance to be Chanka anymore; I have to be just Peruvian. That is the lines between nations like should be Chanka, Qosqo, Aymara or whoever, forget it: You are Peruvian. Like he said: “I'm not black, I'm America” Photo: Archivo personal de Russell Means
For example, he teaches that the world has 7 continents and we all know that is only 5. When for that my friend asks some non comfortable questions, he said: “You are a communist and bad example for my other students, get out of my class” (!?)
than come originally from African nations? I think means this people doesn't want to be free anymore.
:..So, whatever you do in this life, you and me, we have to understand, that whatever we do is going to affect at least seven generations...."
Russell Means.- Right. So, when he said that: “The line of the tribes has to dissolve”, that means he is going to get ready of reservations now, he is going to get ready of us. I point it out and I getting condemn by my own people, I mean the pups in the cage. QAWAQ.- It is hard for people to see, when
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Rimanakuyninchik / Our talking Sometimes entire v i l l a g e s disappeared: They put inside of church and burn a l l t h e m , C h i l d r e n , woman, all of them, also animals…
Photo: Archivo personal de Russell Means
United Nations like I did in an organization, we have an office for 12 years in New York City; and I go back and forward from here to New York City to work. What I learn from de international community and my own people is that…First of all, my ancestors, way back, they thought that is their duty for every step they take upon the earth, they have to think how that step is going Russell Means.- t o a f f e c t a t l e a s t s e v e n They were doing generations. that there in Nicaragua when So, whatever you do in this life, you we went dawn and me, we have to understand, there… that whatever we do is going to affect at least seven generations. QAWAQ.- So, So we have to think that far I am; that is the thing that is the beauty of be in; of been that the people “Indio” “In…Dios”; “In with God”. don't want to see (smiling) :...You know, white man don’t think in seven generations, he this kind of true. I think at the bank, or he think in money; it is all they think don't know how That is the beauty of us: We think about, and how that money and step is gonna make more money...” we can deal with in seven generations. You know, it, because my white man don't think in seven everything it is beginning, like huge party; huge festival, huge people, my friends, my relatives, generations, he think at the bank, hopeful; because they expected sometimes they don't want to or he think in money; it is all they he can do something, because see what could be come next think about, and how that money and step is gonna make more everybody is scared about month, next year. money. economic situation, so they expected he have to do Russell Means.- Well, you know something good. But, what working with the countries in the So, I was wondering and look
That is the big problem for us. How you can tell the true when the people won to be blind. We saw in Peru 10 years of war when the terrorist was come. Between terrorist and government they killed around sixty thousand Indian people; who die in Peru at that time. They are not white people, they are Indian people.
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Photo: Howard Olson
happened if it this is something good for 500 millions of people but really bad for the Indian nations. What they can say? They just close their eyes: I don't see anything.
"...my ancestors, way back, they thought that is their duty for every step they take upon the earth, they have to think how that step is going to affect at least seven generations...”
Rimanakuyninchik / Our talking around the world and I see and I watch the Palestinians. They get bomb and shot all, and torture, and jail, and starved, everyday, and yet they been fighting, for over half of century and been resisting. They live in open air prisoners camps; just like we do, but they're been bomb all of that, but they keep fighting; why? Because the control the education of their future. They control the education of their young.
surprisingly when you go back and you find out what we have to learn as children: we have to learn about the trees, we have to learn about the insects, the grasses, the flowers, the medicines; we have to learn about the animals the birds, we have to learn about everything. That is science; that is botanic, biology, geology; we have to learn about the mother earth, our mother earth, it is geology; we have to learn about the stars, it is astronomy. Our children by the time when they are in the third or fourth grade, they don't already are been introduced to all this sciences. The white man doesn't teach these children any of them until they're getting older.
QAWAQ.- And the life is rounded Russell Means.- Now, revolution. One revolution is going back to where you started; but “you can do it like that” (click). Freedom…. is very simple: If you want to be free (wanna be free?) you are free to be responsible. Our ancestors were responsible at least for seven generations..
QAWAQ.- Yes. We call in my language “Pachakutiq” that means exactly like you said: The world of our life turn rounded in 360 degrees to the beginning. It is Pachakutiq. So, we understand and of course, we thinking the life in the same way. But, we have one problem; what happened with the other nations that they are not originally or they lost his roots; because we leave with I believe in revolution because them, a lot of them. everything that is holly and sacred is rounded. You and I are rounded, N o t a l l t h e m t h e y a r e the rain is rounded, the grand government, politicians or mother earth is rounded, the sun is corrupted, like enemies. A lot of rounded, the star is rounded, cloud people try to live in the good way, i s r o u n d e d , e v e r y t h i n g i s so it is very important because rounded… we like respects for every life in the world. So, if is another people like us, with different nations or different situations, we need to have some kind of relations of respect. That is why I want to ask you a question that somebody not Indian told me to ask: “What I can do for help them?”
That is why you see this huge tipi out here. That is school, is going to be a school for my children. And no longer think like when I was young: “I want a free all the Indians, I want a free all the Indigenous people”. No. I want a free my children and my own born generation. And, I get That why we lived in heaven in the think small; I get to think just fourteen ninety one. So, that is the way how my revolution is going. this little area right there.
This is true of the indigenous people all over the world. The only thing that we ever built was our bedroom. Think on that. That is all we ever built was our bedroom, and the rest of the world was our living room; because it is our life and we have to relay to it. So, that is all we gonna teach and
Photo: Juan Francisco Tincopa Calle
The universe shine in this area like does everyplace. So, that means for you: utilize the universe and you take your children at three years of age and you don't let them go in to the white man world, you keep them in our world and you teach them the way your ancestors thought, you teach them outside. The smarted things we ever did.
"...That is why you see this huge tipi out here. That is school, is going to be a school for my children....”
Russell Means.Yes. And it is what we believe and that is why you see David 17
"...you take your children at three years of age and you don’t let them go in to the white man world, you keep them in our world and you teach them the way your ancestors thought...”
here. He is here and there many non Indians coming to our land; once again coming to our land. The white man is busy destroying his life, and now you get people inside of America and Canada; white people; who want freedom again, so they looking to us again. The history is repeating itself. But it is ok. What I tell to non Indians who want to help us? Depend what is the situation, but we need help in getting our school of the ground, for our children. That is the main thing. QAWAQ.- I ask this general question because they are million of people outside of Indian nations, and when a government decide to dissolve the frontier, and make business with all the lands here, they will
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not consult this people. They just do it. So, if the people now how, probable they can do something, as: One moment! We don't need that! We need to live in respect! Right? This kind of attitude, they can do for themselves too, because if you respect somebody, you get it respect too. That is our round way relationship. Russell Means.-You know we are just like all natural life, because we are natural human being, and what happened with the natural life is when the white man comes, we fly, we live, and then he kills those who cannot live: the trees, the animals, the birds, he kills everything; the human, he kill all of this life, for that piece of land, ok?, but what he doesn't get is that the natural people, don't want to live with unnatural people.
Foto: Pow Wow en Pine Ridge. Howard Olson
concept of work; but what we don't understand is “Vacations”: How come you want to live what you are supposed to be doing. So, that is why I feel sorry for the oppressor, because he only is an oppressor himself. They are a lot of answer you can give the people who wants to do good; but, when I just to say in American Indian movement when I was young, when I believed in our struggle witch is not longer believer. I just tell them: “go clean up your back yard before you try to clean my back yard”.
Is like the animals. The same Old man, he said: “You know, you white people are very haragan (lazy) people: You believe that you are responsible for the extinction of all this animals and birds. Have you ever thought that may be this animals and birds, they don't want to live with you?” It was an old Indian up on Canada, he was talking to an a n t h r o p o l o g i s t , a n d t h e QAWAQ.- The problem is the anthropologist asked him: How kind of life that they do, the come you Indian people don't like civilization. The way how they to work? The Old man thought a live became in way that destroy while an answer: You know; we are everything. The entire world is Indians. We can understand your almost destroyed.
"...you teach them outside. The smarted things we ever did..."
Photo: Juan Francisco Tincopa Calle
Photo: Cortesía de Google
Rimanakuyninchik / Our talking
Russell Means.- Let me tell you: Because we don't have the Diablo, I told you we have the trickster. In our language is Heyoka. The heyoka does everything backwards. So, the white man is a Heyoka. He said everything wrong. He is the trickster. So, when he said he is
Rimanakuyninchik / Our talking
Foto: Archivo Histórico Lakotah
civilized; I know that it means he is uncivilized, because he is the trickster, he leaves backwards. So if he calls me uncivilized; it is a complement because he lives backwards; he is calling me civilized.
original instructions.
do it is the male, the human male.
Now, the white man believes his power of reason makes him superior to all of lives. Put to white man in the forest by himself….(smiling) …He can not survive, you know. Because he has no respect, and he has forgot his instructions. So he thinks the power of reason makes him superior animal; when it makes him only confused, it makes him very forgettable. (Forgetful) He forget the originals instructions about how to live, because his in not natural; he doesn't live natural.
QAWAQ.- The last question. What kind of message we need to share for all Indian culture in America and around the world. What do you think we need to do together now, at this time? Russell Means.- Just one thing and I mentioned it earlier; it was, you take control of your young; and you and your young return as best as you can to the original instructions of our ancestors. And that isn't hard to do. And that way you find the pads, the route to touch freedom, and freedom as I mention all the time, freedom simple means: You are free to be responsible. ! Seven generations!.... QAWAQ.- I think we have done. Thank you very much.
Photo: Archivo personal de Russell Means
My ancestors live in heaven. He was the entire western hemisphere. You know, those grab robbers; they call themselves archaeologist; they go around and robber our graves; they found out, in all our graves, there, before the white man come; we did even have toothy cave. We did even have toothy cave…We live in heaven So, the power of reason is a course, man! because he gives you two pads: You QAWAQ.- For us, in the Chanka can take the pads of reason and nation, and all the Andean confusion, or you can take the pad nations, the concept is a same. of natural life. Now, all the rest of Life is everything and everyone. life in the world takes that pads of So, if you think in this way, even natural life, the only ones doesn't this table is a life; you have to respect, that is all about. It is the way that the white people and his civilization do not understand. It is the problem and that is why became impossible live with his kind of way. The way what they live. Russell Means.- You know, there is a old man and he told me: You know, if you look it all of lives, everyone on this life: The trees, insects, the worms, the snakes, the birds, everything, all of lives, they still follow the instructions that were giving by the great mystery to them in the beginning. We are only ones, the human being that do not follow those
Russell Means.- Thank you, and thank you for this great gifts. ( Chakana, Siku, y cerámica Qosqo). This is in my hearth, and this (Quinua) is in my stomach… Russell Means gave to me tike a gift a T'shirt of the Freedom Fighters about Free Republic of Lakotah, and also his autobiographic book:“Were the White Men fear to Tread”. This way we done this interview that was made on his ranch of Pourcupine, Pine Ridge, South Dakota.
"...as I mention all the time, freedom simple means: You are free to be responsible. ! Seven generations!...”
US. At the end of January 2009.
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Yachayninchikkuna / Our Knowledge By: Jorge Alberto MONTOYA MAQUIN
Yanqa wiraquchakunapa Cheqnikuy, otaq manchakuypas The purity of the Unification and the Hierarchy of the Western Civilization. The Discrimination and the Fear.
T
concealment, of uniformity and discrimination, is a deep fear for others, but the effects of those doesn't appear toward the others, appears toward themselves. They are hidden and they are silenced each time more, they are stop looking at and to see, to touch and to feel, to listen and to hear, to perfume and to smell, and one of the specific forms that takes this process of concealment and silencing, of uniformity and discrimination, is the pretension of the superiority of some over other. Thus, the The thing that is behind pretension of the superiority is The thing that cannot be this system silencing and just fear.
he pretension of the western civilization to unify the world, to do for example that all the humans are equals; that everybody speak the same language, wear the same clothes, have the same tastes and preferences; it is because in their deepest feelings; they have a deep fear and distrust to the other human beings which inhabit the world. They do not admit the differences, neither each one have its own preferences, their own idiosyncrasy, their own initiative and their own life style.
unified with standardization, because the evidence of the diversity of the life is a lot more powerful than the pretension of the standardization, is separated and remote, silenced and hiding, discriminating, to preserve the uniformity and/or purity of the unification, creating a system of hierarchies that intending to make hierarchical, separates and puts in lower levels, or out of its ear or eyes, to all of those that to his view and comprehension do not enter his own category.
Photo: Cortesia de Google
Foto: Juan Francisco Tincopa Calle
For QAWAQ, June 20, 2009. Based in the publication March 1996 as “To Flourish and Fertilize the World�.
"The pretension of the western civilization to unify the world, to do for example that all the humans are equals; that everybody speak the same language, wear the same clothes, have the same tastes and preferences...�
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Yachayninchikkuna / Our Knowledge Thus, the western civilization intends that a part of the world has life, and another not. That the humans are superior to the plants, to the ones that are flying, the ones that walk with four legs or to the ones that are dragging. Or people who are in civilized towns or who live in cities they are over the others. That some cultural expressions are over those of other cultures. That his science and way of knowledge, is superior upon knowledge and the wisdom and ways of feeling and understanding of other towns in the world.
If one is objective, and consequently sees objectively, does not see the life since all is feeling and life in the world. To see objects, instead of life; they must hide themselves. It is not therefore a way to see the world, but a self-portrait not of
himself, because he is also a human been alive, but a selfportrait of a sense and a feeling that has left to have. He has lost part of his feeling and sense of the life, and that loss or lack, is the one that sees as objective vision. Because of it the objective vision are beliefs and not exact understandings of the life, because does not have as referring the life, but a lack, an empty untidy because has been hidden and feeling that is feeling of the life. Is a lack or of lack of health. That way to feel and to see, doing of the living, objects, and because of it also resources, is the one that license gives them, for example, to invade other countries and/or to try to impose them its beliefs and its lacks, for try "to domesticate" plants and/or to
Photo: CortesĂa Google
That fear, substrate of the current civilization developed in the territories of the old western provinces of the Roman empire, that some times they call it Central European Christian, is the one
that has created, besides others, for example, the structure subject - object in which lives, and that permits to see things and/or objects, that by definition do not have their own initiative, instead of the alive that are living in the world. That fear also expresses themselves in their inconvenience, displeasure and disagreement with the world; their eagerness by modifying it and to create an artificial life. It is, also, the motor of the discrimination. Also, it is the fear to God.
"...That fear, substrate of the current civilization developed in the territories of the old western provinces of the Roman empire, that some times they call it Central European Christian, ..."
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Yachayninchikkuna / Our Knowledge handle cultivations.
The discriminatory and contradictory universe of the civilization. This civilization developed in the territories of the former western provinces of the Roman empire has created the Philosophy, not as a knowledge, but like a love to knowing. Therefore, this does not arrive never to be a Wisdom. It is not the knowledge, but the love, the sympathy, for it. It does not
seek its roots in its own world and the lifestyle of the Central European's towns where is the knowledge about that world and those towns. But the search is outside; in the old Greek world, in the Latin Imperial Roman world, or in the world of sacred Romanesque-Germanic empire. Because of it; it is that the love and sympathy by the knowledge Greek-Latin never can come be knowledge and besides that search out of themselves hides its displeasure with its own roots and original cultures. That attitude to seek outside something that is inside is contradictory; and generates in the philosophers of the western civilization, a contradictory thought, the one that linked to the unifying eagerness that causes discriminatory attitudes, engenders a way to think and to act for their own.
Photo: Cortsia de Google
With that objective vision, has created God, as an almighty; supreme of absolute power and eternal over everyone. To the philosophy not as a to knowledge, but simply like a love upon knowing. To the science and to the sciences, not with the curiosity and the flavor of knowledge, but with the pretension to force and to be able to handle and to change to the world and to the agencies that they bind it. To the Church – State with the universal pretension to be only truth and only road of salvation. Empires and States directed by emperors or kings, hereditary, that obtain their "power" as absolute mandates, because force divine or political. Re p u b l i c s i n w h i c h t h e democratic power, just part of
it, or party, of the society, prevails ever the rest. NationsStates in which try to unify languages and customs. Under these ideas and institutions have the pretension to become their servants, their disciples, their followers or their citizens; and if the force of the life does not permit it, then they discriminate us.
"..That way to feel and to see, doing of the living, objects, and because of it also resources, is the one that license gives them, for example, to invade other countries and/or to try to impose them its beliefs...."
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Yachayninchikkuna / Our Knowledge powerful to such level that desires to dominate and to unify the world standardizing it under some general law. In fact reasons believing that the world is a Universe and not a diverse one of many verses; and has taken this pretext of some lucubration that did Pythagoras supposing that among the earth, the moon and the sun there was a same time; when many times and many verses or cadences. He has created a supposedly academic scientific knowledge, because he is not from Greek Academy but an imitation of it, in which what does not he enter in his reduced limits; he excludes him, he discriminates him, qualifying it, pejoratively, in his system of organization by hierarchy, like as a second place, or hidden or The western civilization silencing; for example, "he has created a science and their studies and he interprets" the sciences that intends to be culture of the diverse people, or
the wisdom and the magic of these people. This western civilization continuing the same logic of the philosophy has developed its science and its sciences not as knowledge or wisdom product of the experience of life which by its characteristic are true; and in theory and practice are inseparable, in which is known what has lived itself and does not intend to know what has not lived itself. But it has created his science with the pretension to know what himself has not lived; and because of it separates the theory of the practice cutting without perceiving his thoughts. Thus, all his scientific theories are not truth of the life; but hypothesis to test and verification. So, Does not exists a thought that express the true of the life; to say a knowledge or
Photo: Cortsia de Google
That way to be bound in the world is the one that originates the movement of the world of opposite contradictions and with selfqualifying orientation. The opposite and the contradictions as well as the organization by hierarchy and the discrimination, they are some of their characteristic features. It is not capable of understanding the world as a link prepared and related and because of it apparent. Their vision is more well done for opponents, that is to say is c o n t r a d i c t o r y, d i a l e c t i c , cancellation, self-qualifying, chaotic, what is the answer of disorder, to the order that tried to impose the western civilization.
"..To the science and to the sciences, not with the curiosity and the flavor of knowledge, but with the pretension to force and to be able to handle and to change to the world and to the agencies that they bind it.."
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Yachayninchikkuna / Our Knowledge wisdom; just an hypothesis and laws that in the course of time and of the life they are shown like incomplete or erroneous. Such it is their pretension of knowledge that this procedure like they call of approach of the reality; it is part of their scientific methodology.
Nevertheless, we know that the European people and the ones that are to the north of them, did not only they exist before that certain civilized groups created the History, but some of them live at present out of the real history and its condition denied their own history; but when the History will be finished and what it implies, that is to say, empires, domination, theft, pillage and so many more phenomena, those people also will live to fullness in diversity, in the harmony.
majority of the aspects of their life and mainly in which are fundamental they live out of the History. This collects basically the life of certain privileged groups the wars, conquests, famines, theft, and the splendor that in their eyes it causes that are aspects under which the contemporary western civilization feels the life. Joy, festivals, dresses, wisdom, diversity, abundance that is what they live and they feel talking about the people who is civilized, they do not fit in that History. 20 of June of the 2009 Jorge Alberto MONTOYA MAQUIN. email: jorgemontoyamaquin@gmail.com
The other people, in the
Photo: Cortsia de Google
This western civilization has created a history its history. The history that does not have more than 2.000 years; although some times tries that the same one have slightly more than its double that is to say 5.000 years. The same one covers how does she understand and he has seen his universe. To her to them same they have come call it ethnocentrism, euro centrism, among others names. Ours that
one from the Andean world and that one from other towns is history of the humans and covers since they arose, talking about 4 贸 5 million years.
"..Joy, festivals, dresses, wisdom, diversity, abundance that is what they live and they feel talking about the people who is civilized, they do not fit in.."
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Takiyninchik Tusuyninchik / Our Song, our dance
Interview: Juan Francisco Tincopa Calle
JOSEFINA ÑAHUIS:
Aylluruna miskiq yachayninkunata qawachiyta munani
J
I want to show the richnnes of the Andean Culture
osefina Ñahuis Bernedo, it is a promise of the quechwa song that made reality. Opening to way crosscurrent, doing to a side the tempters fleeting fashions, have known to recover the memory of the deep song of our towns and communities of Apurimac, Ayacucho, Huancayo, Huaraz, Fist and others; in order to once again project it to traverse of its sweet and natural, melancholic style like humorous; demonstrating to us once but that the authentic thing lasts, that if we grow maintaining to us in our own roots, we will enjoy good fruits. All the others will find it in their recent production:
“Takipara, Rain of songs”. that it finishes presenting/displaying the 5 of June in the audience of the magisterial special tax in Lima, Peru. It is rewarding whenever new voices radiate world of song Andean, mainly when they are conscientious of which its art is also an expression of the cultural wealth of our own families, communities and towns, where we had a experience of incomparable life. Josefina is natural of Chincheros and pharmaceutical Chemical profession, but on a par with its daily occupations time occurs to cultivate the song. Here its words:
Qawaq. - In this opportunity we have with us the singer Apurimeña Josefina Ñahuis, I am contented of being able to mainly show before you a young value that this growing day day in the world of Andean song and one of the exponents of the Kechwa song. Qawaq.- Allinllachu Kachkanki? Josefina How are you? Josefina Josefina Ñawis.- Allinlla wawqey. I am well, my brother
"Sunquyqa ancha anchata kusirikun takichanchikkunata takikuptiy.
Photo: Juan Francisco Tincopa Calle
"...My heart rejoices much when I intone our songs...”
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Takiyninchik Tusuyninchik / Our Song, our dance
Foto: ONIC-UNIPA
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Josefina Ñahuis.Yuyarinim. Kay huknin Diskuy chayamuchkanña, chaypim grabani chay takichata, y u y a r q a n i , warmachakunahuan takisqaykuta, huarmacha kachkaptiy escuelapiraq. Chayta yuyarispa cumpletarispayku kay discupi kachkan qespisqaña. Completo, hatunña. Chaypi Titulo es “Gallito Colorado”. Yes I remember. Precisely in this last CD that this to leave, I have recorded that cantito there that remembered from my childhood where next to other children we still sang in the school. Remembering this we have made him some
Josefina Ñahuis.- Rimasun kusisqa runasimipi, takikusun, willanakusun cuentotapas, imatapas willanakusun kechwapi, runasimipi, kusisqa. Kay idiomaqa qamunriki chay Imperio incaico nisqan, chaymantapacha. Chayqa Ñoqanchikpaq idiomanchik, neto, ñoqanchikpa. Ama penqakuspa, takikusun , parlakususun, y a c h a c h i s u n runamasinchikkunaman, estudiasunpas runasimipi. Let us speak happy in our ancestral language, sing, tell us each other the stories and any information we share it in quechwa, in the ancestral language, with pride, happy. This language comes then from the times which it is known at the inka empire. This it is then our language, net ours. Then, without feeling no shame, we sing, we talk, we teach to our compatriots, we also study in this our language. Qawaq.- (We continue I engage in a dialog now in Castilian, in the language of Castile). You are from Photo: Jua Francisco Tincopa Cale
Qawaq.- Ima ninmi sunquyky adjustments until completing it, full complete this with the title has takichakuptiki. That it says your heart, when you grown and there: “Red cocky”. intone your songs. Qawaq.- Imaraykutaq Kechwa Josefina Ñahuis.- Sunquyqa ancha runa simipi takikunki a n c h a t a k u s i r i k u n Why up on purpose you sing in the quechwa language. takichanchikkunata takikuptiy. My heart rejoices much when I intone our songs. Josefina Ñahui.- Kechwapi, runasimipi takini, porque: chaymi Q a w a q . - h a y k a w a t a ñ a idiomay, warmachamantapacha rimasqay, mamayqa taytayqa takikuchkanki. Wow many years already you are rimasqan Kechwata, runa simita. Llaqataypipas rimanku runasimita. cultivating the song I'm singing Song in quechwa J o s e f i n a Ñ a h u i s . - because it is my language, the one Profesionalmente, kan pichqa that I spoke since she was young, wataña, pichqa wataña takini the one that spoke to my mother U n i v e r s i d a d m a n t a and my father, In my town also speaks the quechwa. lluqsikusqaymantapacha. On professional way already they are 5 years, I'm singing 5 years since Qawaq.- Imatataq warma kaq wawqinchikkunata I was finish my university studies. paninchikunata rimaykuwaq. Qawaq.- Yuyarichkankichu What you could say to our warma kasqaykipi takikuyta brothers and young sisters like q a l l a r i s q a y k i m a n t a . Yo u mesagge. remember songs of when you began to sing, in your childhood?
Chincheros rigth? Josefina Ñahuis. – You are right, I am from Chincheros, Apurimaq. Chincheros has several climates, is a gorge that has a part of height, more or less 2.800 s.n.m., same Chincheros to 2.600 s.n.m. and there is a part that are broken and this more or less to 2.300 s.n.m. Qawaq. - You say that you learned to sing since you was child? How was this experience.
"...I’m singing Song in quechwa because it is my language, the one that I spoke since she was young, the one that spoke to my mother and my father, In my town also speaks the quechwa...”
Josefina Ñahuis. - Good, the taste to always sing has been born to me, I had it from girl. I at some moment thought to leave it as they spent the
Takiyninchik Tusuyninchik / Our Song, our dance
years, but the thing went to the inverse thing: The song was made followed, but solicited more, participates in many aids, “looking for new values”, etc. And exactly already culminating my studies, in the University of Huamanga we recorded a disc that has twelve subjects and it is titled: “Josefina. Song and Tenderness”, and there are songs with ayacuchana influence, songs huamanguinas, songs huancaínas, aside from Apurimac.
only in quechwa apurimeño but also in ayacuchano Kechwa, in kechwa of Huancayo, the one of Cajatambo here in the mountain range of Lima. To my it would enchant to me that the young people feel proud of our language. Then, my intention is to transmit the wealth of our culture, to the young people, so that they also feel identified and can speak with more freedom. Lamentably there is that complex to say: I do not want to speak quechwa, better I speak Castilian, or I prefer to sing regge, reguetón, etc. Each song has its wealth, is pretty no? I am not either outside this world. It enchants the Rock to me, enchants the sauce to me, but I believe that there is to give priority ours and to feel to us proud of our culture. As the guaraníes speak for example, they speak in its language in the street where it is are speaking. So that we can not do it? , if it is our language, he is unique.
our Andean culture; and second, I to be spoken in quechwa and Castilian. Then, I when leaving there, want to show the essence of Andean music, of Andean culture. Not only of Apurimac, the intention is also to interpret Ayacucho songs, like the song of “ the girl of my eyes”, songs of Huancayo; of diverse parts of it walks in our country, and also to express it not
Qawaq. - These also composing? , or single you sing so far. Josefina Ñahuis. - Good if, I am composing. I have one first song that I have recorded in the first disc, that is titled “To the memory of my mother”, and in the new disc three songs come: the song “the red cocky” that was a recreation of my and the writer Edwin Segovia, later comes carnivals and a toril, in the new disc, that is compositions mine. Qawaq. - I am sure that it is going to them to enchant. A last reflection that, like message, you could give youth. Which is the future that him time to the Andean culture, to our culture? Josefina Ñahuis. - While all we begin to contribute with our sand
Photo: cortesia de Google
Qawaq. - It get my attention your youth in the Kechwa song. He is little frequent. The fashion tends much to that the young people incline to modern music or in any case to the “mix”, to try to make a mixture between our own musical sounds with others come from the foreigner. In reality always it has an impact very hard what comes from the foreigner. By which you think that it is important that the young people Qawaq. – Tell us as is your plans. we are on the awares to our own That she is what these doing in the language, to our own culture? plane of the song, the artistic plane and towards where these Josefina Ñahuis. - My decision to projecting sing in quechwa and Castilian, had: first, to that I am Andean, I am of Josefina Ñahuis. - Exactly already Apurimac, and in Apurimac the pure we are finishing the new disc that is culture this concentrated I in the titled: Takipara, that means Rain carnivals create, and is the base of of songs. With this new disc the
intention is to demonstrate the diversity of Andean songs. I have songs from the plateau, of Apurimac, Ayacucho, Cuzco, Huancayo, the mountain range of Lima, (Cajatambo), I also have of the North, Ancash. I had the opportunity to sing songs huancaínas with an orchestra of the center. Are selected songs, very pretty, hopefully is to the the liking of all the people who love our culture.
"...I am of Apurimac, and in Apurimac the pure culture this concentrated I in the carnivals create, and is the base of our Andean culture; and second, I to be spoken in quechwa and Castilian. Then, I when leaving there, want to show the essence of Andean music, of Andean culture...”
grain to conserve our culture, our language, I believe that never it is going to die; because our culture is the essence of being Peruvian, that comes from our predecessors from the Inkas, of the Chankas, of different cultures, then. While all we share and we begin to be united to spread it, one is never going away to die.
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Uywayninchikkuna / Our rearing By: Carlos Avalos. cavalos@generaccion.com
Kiwicha
Inkapa mikuynin, kunanqa lliu llaktakunapi INKA'S FOOD PRESENT IN ALL THE WORLD
We know this cereal of nutritional seeds like kiwicha, although the scientists prefer to call it Amaranthus Caudatus. His origin isn't far away in space, but becomes lost in the time. Native of Peru, it has been cultivated from immemorial times in our country, being found in Andean tombs with more than 4.000 years of antiquity. Kiwicha and his more than 1.200 varieties had a fundamental protagonist in empire Inca, to the being the food that was consumed par excellence. Nevertheless, the time subsequent to the arrival of the Spaniards, its presence is almost null, not by nonexistent, but because it was consumed secretly, it hides after the veil of the fear and the reproach those who enjoyed their enchantments. It is known that the Incas used it in their religious ceremonies, to consider it a blessing of the mother earth, due to its medicinal and nutritious properties. When arriving the Spaniards and
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noticing themselves that the Incas rendered devotion to kiwicha, assumed this fact like a sacrilege, a pagan act that had to be sanctioned: they prohibited its culture and its consumption.
By all it, it was described by NASA as culture CELLSS (Ecological System of Controlled Support of Life: the plant removes carbon dioxide of the atmosphere and, to he himself time, it generates foods, oxygen and water for the astronauts). This, kiwicha happened to be cultivated in the space trips from 1985, blooming in the space during the orbital flight of the ship 71 Atlantis B.
The same it happened in Mexico, where, according to they count chronicles, old the Mexicans elaborated breads with forms of small animals with which they adored the Earth Gods, the fire and rain. The Spaniards used he himself system, total repression to PARTICULARITITIES OF THE seedtime and consumption of KIWICHA kiwicha. Perhaps the reason of so One of the peculiarities of that is this this food was to us so this plant of more than two meters other people's in the times of of height is not their colorful foreign presence. dwelled flowers, orange and But its importance also green, but the facility of adaptation emphasizes at the modern time. t o d i f f e r e n t e c o l o g i c a l Kiwicha, like Quinua, it was atmospheres, due to their efficient selected for the diet of the one photosynthesis. It can grow astronauts by its high nutritious quickly and without greater cares value, its integral advantage and in different altitudes, from the brevity of its cycle of culture, as plains of the coast to the most well as its capacity to grow in little demanding heights of rustic favorable conditions in its mountainous area a 3,500 development. m.s.n.m. It supports with stoicism saline grounds just like grounds with brief periods of drought and are developed to temperatures normally that oscillate between the 5 and 35 degrees Celsius. Photo: CortesĂa de google
I
s considered a Inca's gift that day to day increases to his fame and consumption. A grain that not only nourished to everything an empire, but that promises to be present in each corner of the world: he is kiwicha that, at the present time, leads the list of foods with greater nutritious value.
"...It can grow quickly and without greater cares in different altitudes, from the plains of the coast to the most demanding heights of rustic mountainous area a 3,500 m.s.n.m. .."
Kiwicha no longer is only Peruvian and perhaps there are countries that feel it plus that we. There
Uywayninchikkuna / Our rearing they consume it with great pleasure and in enormous amounts, reason for which its export increased a 70 percent in 2007. Germany is the main Peruvian world-wide importer of kiwicha, buying near 900 thousand dollars in the 2007. It follows the United States to him with 400 thousand dollars, soon Japan with a consumption equivalent to more than 375 thousand dollars of the food Inca. Immediately Canada, Holland, England, France, Italy, Australia , Israel, Bolivia, Switzerland and an endless number of countries come that are added to the list of fervent consumers of the nutritious food. At the moment it is cultivated in different countries from the world. Sowing in Argentina, Ecuador, Bolivia, Guatemala, Mexico and even in the south of Africa. Nevertheless, the producing leader is Peru, where this ancestral species is harvested mainly in Andean valleys of Cusco, Ancash, Ayacucho, Huancavelica and Arequipa. PROPERTIES OF THE KIWICHA
Between its main components one is lisina, necessary element for the construction of all proteins of the organism. She is in addition the main person in charge to the absorption of calcium, sport aid enormously in t h e r e c o v e r y s u b s eq u en t to th e operations and injuries,
MEDICINAL USES
Kindness of this plant is not extinguished in their nutritional value. From times of the Empire Inca it was used to cure different diseases like typoid fever, the diminution of the cholesterol, to resist altitude sickness and to fight to dysentery. leaves cooked they are used to alleviate the Kiwicha has overthrown inflammations of bladder and in to the queen of calcium by gargle they resist the irritation of excellence: milk. This, because the mouth and the throat. 100 grams of kiwicha contain the Also this species appeases calcium double that he himself the rheumatic pains and the volume of milk. The absence of excessive menstruation. The this protein produces rickets and baking of roots it is used against the osteoporosis. In addition, very low diarrhea. The infusion obtained calcium levels in the blood increase to irritability of fibers and the from stems it acts like a laxative nervous centers, which produces cash. Recent studies have revealed cramps. Of there the importance that kiwicha aid to stabilize the glucose and fat in the blood, being of kiwicha. advisable for patients with T h e p h o s p h o r u s i s d i a b e t e s , o b e s i t y, a r t e r i a l another one of its components. hypertension, constipation and Composed which it takes part in high cholesterol. the vital functions of the people, considered like an indispensable With kiwicha we can prepare of element the human being, the everything, from flour, which will phosphorus is the one in charge to be used for the elaboration as store and to transport the energy breads, pastries and sweets, in our organism. Its absence or stews, salads and soups, until little ingestion us can produce drinks like the Kiwifresh, natural fatigue and loss of concentration. drink 100% of high nutritious, Among others of its elements, we prepared with the nectar of found iron and vitamins To and kiwicha and concentrated value of C, which does of kiwicha one of diverse fruits. Also it is used like foods with greater nutritious complementary cereal to milk. content. In spite of the multiple properties of kiwicha, its export is incipient, but the increase is enough express, calculating that for aims of the 2008 we will exceed the 2 million dollars in export of this appraised food Inca, which seems to revert history and now it conquers the world, battling in the sensible place but of the human being: the stomach. Photo: CortesĂa de google
If there is something surprises, it is the great amount of beneficial properties of kiwicha, to such point that this plant seemed to be extracted of fairy tales, since each new investigation does not do more than to show a new benefit to us of this species.
besides to favor the production of hormones, enzymes and antibodies. The lisina, between its multiple properties, also aid to diminish remarkably the levels of cholesterol in the blood. Also, it favors the mental development and it stimulates the liberation of hormone of the growth, by that he is recommendable to consume it from boy.
"...between its main components one is lisina, necessary element for the construction of all proteins of the organism..."
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Yachachkankichu? / Did you know? By: Iván Reyna Ramos
PIRU: KAWSAYSUAQ; KUNANKUNAPI YAPAÑA APAKUNKU Peru: The bio-piracy: A new form of sacking
D
uring centuries the use of our Biodiversity was conceived like a free practice, not regulated, that constituted a luck of common patrimony of the humanity. Until which at the end of the Seventies the biotechnology consolidated and arose the rights from intellectual property, but also the see-piracy considered by many as the “science” of the sacking that only looks for the innovation of gains, and that Courses has submerged in the cabinets to dust the patents that collide with the knowledge and the biodiversity, in a certainly enlightening speech.
The bio-piracy is not a recent phenomenon. Always there was it and every time one becomes serious when removing from the country fungi, animals, seeds and plants; other times tropical estates are bought to identify the species; and there are some who enter the indigenous communities to extract their knowledge. After obtaining the species and information, they patent products in the outside, they process them and they commercialize taking them all the gains.
According to Richard Stallman, this action harms the country of three ways. In the first place, they increase the prices until most of the citizens they do not have access to the new developments; secondly, they restrain the local production when the proprietor of the patent decides it; and thirdly, they prohibit to the agriculturists the continuation of its culture as they came it doing during centuries of years.
But also a form to contribute to the bio-piracy is the unconcern of the Peruvians not to patent its investigations, as it indicates Bruno Ménchor of the Office of Inventions and New Technologies to it of the Indecopi, when explaining that “Of 1.200 requests to the year, 95% are foreign and only 5% correspond to Peruvian in headings that do not correspond to investigation of biodiversity ". Then Where is the investigations of our universities and institutes of sciences of the country? Where is the inventions of our national students? The galic acid of the case of tare is only registered that has been patented by the Catholic University for years.
So he is thus, that the professionals Laird and Ten Kate have investigated who the annual gains in the world-wide market oscillate between 500 and 800 trillions of dollars of products derived from the biological diversity, an appetizing mouthful for which the In that sense, the Biologist transnational pharmacists to go in to Marina Rosales, the Direction of in decline of the knowledge of the Conservation of the Biodiversity of towns. Forest Intendance and Wild Fauna of the INRENA, assures that this To this it is added, in the subject is not only subject of patents Amazon region that includes Peru, and conservation of the Biodiversity, studies of ecological organizations but a subject of professional notice that the annual losses are capacities in invention and superior to the 10,000 million dollars investment, “To generate resources in traffic of species and indigenous on the base of science and knowledge. technology and a greater return of the pharmaceutical industry with clear procedures, right and equitable participation ".
Photo: Cortesia de Google
This action has a name: Biopiracy. , Nevertheless difficult it is to think that this activity becomes a right of property deprived when granting itself clear on inventions legally that incorporate of irregular way the components or knowledge, avoiding itself the procedures of the newness, inventive level and industrial application; in addition to not repairing in the demonstration of origin, allowed obtaining and compensates to the country by the invented "To this it is added, in the Amazon region that includes Peru, studies product. of ecological organizations notice that the annual losses are superior to the 10,000 million dollars in traffic of species and indigenous knowledge.”
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Sounded cases The most harmed with the increase of the bio-piracy they are the indigenous towns, by the exploitation that undergo many of their natural resources. And for that reason we looked for the opinion the International Center of Potatoes (CIP), there the Ing. René Gomez, needs that there are cases
Yachachkankichu? / Did you know? of no bio-piracy in this tubercle, due to the work coordinated with the Park of the Pope that integrate six communities living at the high Andeans and conserve the 2.300 varieties of Peruvian origin. Equal it happens to the sweet potato and its 500 varieties in Peru, conserving itself the fourth part of the 5 thousand existing varieties in the world, assures Daniel Reynoso, specialist of the CIP. Nevertheless, products like the Andean maca (Lepidium meyeni), of nutritious rebuilding properties, and medicinal, after their export towards Japan, the U.S.A. and Europe, finished being patented by two North American companies Pure World Botanical and Biotics Research Corp, that even prevent t h e Pe r u v i a n p r o d u c e r s t o commercialize maca products. But the anecdotal thing of the subject is that the Pure World Botanicals, maintains to have discovered by means of “sophisticated science”, a watery extract, that in Christian maca is concentrated to that they have called “MacaPure”, indicating in addition that the root is cultivated in the heights of the central mountain range of Peru. Where is then the invention? , and for that reason the Mincetur and Cancillería have raised a document that questions the patent that never had to be granted.
1998 the Discovery program spread a documentary one on the cotton of color without mentioning to Peru like place and country of origin of the referred cotton.
the patents of plants are allowed. Of there the controversy and the vices that behind the formula hide innumerable abuses, falsifications and deceits.
But the cases more sounded it happened in 1999, when the International Center of the Potatoes gave to request of the Inrena samples of yacón (Smallantus sonchifolius), to institutions of investigation of Japan, those that later they would have patented component of the same one, being generated great scandal without until the date one has clarified the responsibilities that would have incurred that then some Peruvian authorities, to the knowledge that the seeds were going to be taken to Japan and they did not take any legal action.
In the universal plane the Agreement exists on Biologic diversity (CDB) that establishes the national sovereign rights on the biological resources and jeopardizes to the countries members to conserve them and to develop them for the sustainability. Peru comprises of this Agreement and for that reason it has created the Regime of Protection of Collective Knowledge of Indigenous Towns led by the Indecopi, the technical organ that among other actions evaluates the registries of patents of the world with the purpose of objecting requests or questioning with yielded. At the moment a committee of work integrated by representatives of the Peruvian Institute of Medicinal Plants, the Chancellery works, ADEX, among others, that evaluate the implications technical and economic to aim to interpose a legal action.
Also there are other species of tomentosa Uncaria and Uncaria guianensis, known like the “nail of cat” of the Ashaninka community in the Peruvian forest that have been deforested by people interested only in obtaining economic gains of the crust. Before as much loss, Will But also there are other be possible to avoid that the Seeinstances like the Organization the piracy continues? International of Property Intellectual The formula (OMPI), often invoked by the organizations farmers so that it Although it is clear that in guarantees that what is exported Peru alive beings do not patent does not finish in an office of patents. themselves, but products that
Photo: Cortesia de Google
Another one is the case of incorporate an innovation, also it is According to the Sally Fox, American investigator who precise to indicate that in the U.S.A. Agreements adopted by the Worldacceded - without knowledge of the wide Organization of Peruvian authorities to Commerce (OMC) on samples of the color r e l a t e d R ights of cotton (barbadense Intellectual Property to Gossypium) that soon Commerce (ADPIC), the improved, it developed patent is a property right and it patented in the that is granted to the U.S.A. to replace the p r o d uct inventors, demands of the including the obtaining of manufacturing company vegetal varieties, with the of blue jeans Levi Strauss requirement of which the in search of cotton i n v e n t i o n i s “ n e w ”, without food coloring “useful” and susceptible to nor dyes (natural 100%). be industrialized. This cotton is a “lost culture”, unique in the In Peru, if " The andean Kiwicha and the know how of the indigenous world, being only in Peru. somebody wants to patent cultivators: Part of the richest patrimony to protect of the But like sealing the worlda product, it must do it in bio-pirates " wide disinformation, in the Indecopi, enclosing a
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Yachachkankichu? / Did you know?
Nevertheless, the subject would have to be exhausted if all the laws relative to the rights of intellectual property, including a the U.S.A. would have specifically to exclude the patents from alive organisms, alive beings and their parts, since the privatization of the forms of life by means of rights of intellectual property of any class violates the fundamental right to the life and letter against the ethics and the public interest. And while this continues, the protests and mechanisms will arise to safeguard the biodiversity, like which it comes impelling the Peruvian Society from Environmental Right with initiative and coordination in the Prevention of the Bio-piracy, project supported by International Development Research Centre (IDRC) of Canada, in a national effort, regional and international to contribute to face bio-piracy from different fronts: the investigation, the actions of incidence, the creation of networks, the organization of events and the campaigns of awareness (www.biopirateria.org).
From all ways, it is very difficult to exert a control adapted on this bad practice in which is possible to consider a question, enough that Peru prohibits the Seepiracy when at international level practically is legalized? Found positions Even though which the biodiversity takes in himself the
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intelligence of three thousand 500 million years of experimentation of life forms, as it assures the biologist John Todd. Our country has been something indifferent and for that reason today it undergoes the consequences. “ To have become aware from the coherent protection of the Biodiversity and to have supported in addition in one it does not patent “chicha” that only cause negative impacts in our resources and communities, has taken to Peru to improve the relations Been and citizenship to fix clear samples of conscience of political, legal, social responsibility and of he himself government to defend the natural resources and cultural ", it affirms the Ing. Daniel Reynoso of the CIP. For Marina Rosales, specialist of the INRENA, the Peruvian position forehead to the negotiations of the Treaty of Free Commerce (TLC) is firm when including the tell the true of Origin that demands in the process of patents “the consent informed and express authorization into the origin country of the natural product ". In that same direction, Bruno Ménchor of the Indecopi, adds that it has propose to the U.S.A. to recognize in the Chapter of Intellectual Property, “the obligation to inform that the obtained biological product allowedly and was corroborated by
the competent authorities, in addition to adapting compensates economic for the origin country ". And although both technicians have recognized who the U.S.A. have showed signs of flexibility in the rounds of negotiations in the biodiversity subject; Jose Luis Silva, president of the Peruvian Natural Product Institute, says that the U.S.A. “In the negotiations on free commerce, demands that the piracy of the intellectual property is sanctioned, but at the same time defends the presumed one straight of the transnational companies not to pay to a cent by the traditional knowledge on the properties of the flora and fauna that they collect in our countries ". By his part, Antonio Brack Egg, exadviser of the Program of the Nations United for Development and one of the most prestigious investigators of the Peruvian ecology, warns that “Peru is great warehouse of genes and traditional knowledge on the use of the Biodiversity, and must right to demand a preferential treatment ". Source: Bulletin of the news Courses to the day, 17 of November of 2005. Web s i t e : w w w. r u m b o s d e l p e r u . c o m Distributed publication of free way. Electronic mail: revistarumbos@rumbosdelperu
Photo: Cortesia de Google
first technical document in which one includes the complete characteristics and what it is tried to solve with the invention; soon to add a summary of the document; also a sheet of vindications of the concrete matter to protect itself; later the Indecopi will evaluate and publish in the newspaper the Peruvian for the public knowledge; and finally it will consider a technical report to favor or against the patent in a process of three years, as they establish the world-wide terms.
"...Nevertheless, products like the Andean maca (Lepidium meyeni), of nutritious rebuilding properties, and medicinal, after their export towards Japan, the U.S.A. and Europe, finished being patented by two North American companies Pure World Botanical and Biotics Research Corp, that even prevent the Peruvian producers to commercialize maca products..."
Ayllunchikkuna / Our Communities Kaytam qillqaran: Leo Casas Ballón
¡¡¡AMA WAÑURUCHUNCHU RUNA SIMINCHIK!!! ÑUQANCHIK KAWSARICHISUN, SISARICHISUN 1 . - Q I C H WA R U N A P S I M I N C H I K S I WAÑUYPAQÑA KACHKAN. ¿PIM CHAYTA NIN? · Tukuy tiqsi muyuntinpi hatun suyukunapa huñunakuyninmi Organización de las Naciones Unidas-ONU nisqa. · Chay ONU ukupim kachkan huk comisión, Ornagización de las Naciones Unidas para la Educación, la Ciencia y la Cultura-UNESCO sutiyuq. · Chay comisionmi qayna febrero killapi huk hatun qillqanta mastarimun, Informe Mundial sobre las Lenguas Indígenas nisqata. · Chaypim nichkan qichwa nisqa runa simim wañuypaq kachkan nispa.
machu payanchikmanta yachasqanchik runa simita, manam hukchu. 3 . - ¿ I M A R AY KU M U N E S C O N I S Q A INSTITUCIONKUNA, ÑUQANCHIKPAS, NANACHIKUNCHIK RUNA SIMINCHIKPA WAÑUNAYASQANMANTA?
Photo: Jua Fracisco Tincopa Calle
·Chay UNESCO nisqa ukupi Ciencia, Educación, Cultura nisqa yachaykuna qawariqkunaqa nanachikunku runa simimanta, ñawpa rimay kaspa tukuy imaymana allinkunata yachachaoqninchik kasqanrayku. ·Runa simi rimaqkunam ruwarqaku Machu Pikchuta, qayna watalla tiqsi muyuntinpi maravilla sutiwan riqsisqata, tukuy hinantinmanta hamuspa sumaq qawaykunata. ·Runa simi rimaqkunam papata, saratapas 2.- ¿IMAYNAPIM RUNA SIMINCHIKPA tarpurqaku. Chaykunata mikuspam yarqayta WAÑUNAYASQAN YACHAKUN? atipachkan tiqsi muyuntinpi runa. ·Runa simi rimaqkunam chaychika sumaq ·Runa simi rimaq tayta-mamapa churinkunas, sapa awaykunata yacharqa, quriwan, qulqiwanpas chunkamanta, tawallaña runa simi rimayta sumaq llamkayta, llama, paqu uywayta ima. yachanku. ·Runa simi rimaqkunam riqsichiwarqanchik ·¿Imarayku? Manas mama-taytan, kikin wasinpi, runa chaychika hampi qurakunata, tukuy rikchaq simipi rimapayanñachu wawallaraq kachkaptin. unquykunamanta allinyanapaq. ·Chayraykus, hawapi wakinpa rimasqanta uyarispalla ·Runa simi rimaqkunam yachachiwarqanchik yarqay tumpachata yachan, ichaqa mana atinñachu pay atipayta, unquykunamanta hampikuyta, Pacha kikin rimaytaqa. Mamata mana sipirquyta. ·Wawachallaraq kachkaspa mamanchikmanta ·Chaykuna qawariytam chayraq yachachkanku yachaspanqanchikmi aswan allinta rimanchik. wakin suyukunapi, kay pacha llumpayta quñirispa Chayraykum "lengua materna" sutiyuq chay wañuypaq kaptinña, lliw runapas puchukaypaq hina rimayninchik. kasqanchikraykuña. ·Manam Qusqu, Puno, Huamanga hatun llaqtakunapi ·Runa simi rimaqkunam kaychika sumaq takikunata, castellano rimaqpa churinmantachu tusuykunatapas yachachiwarqanchik. Hinallataq rimachkanchik. chullalla mamapa wawan hina kuyanakuspa, ·Chuschi, Querobamba, Sondondo, Sarwa, Suso, yanapanakuspa, taksa llaqtakunapi, ayninakuspa, allin ayllunchikkunapipas k a w s a y t a runa simi rimaq taytaaypananchikpaq. mamakunapa ·C h a y m i h a t u n churinmantam ejemplo, allin yachay rimachkanchik. tiqsi muyuntinpi ·Ñuqanchikmi, kikin runakunapaq, amaña llaqtanchikpiraq kaq yarqay, unquykuna, wakin wawqic h i q n i n a k u y, paninchikkunapas, sipinakuypas castellanollapiña kananpaq. rimapayanchik wawa ·Chaykunatan wakin churinchikta. karu suyukunapi ·C h a y w a n m i , r u n a p a s kikillanchik ñuqanchikmanta The people who speak Quechwa, they know how to made sipichkanchik ñawpa beautiful weaves
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Ayllunchikkuna / Our Communities yachayta munanku, ñawpa machu payanchikkuna hina hawkalla kawsakuyta munaspa. ·Manaña ñuqanchik runa simita rimaptinchikqa, chay tukuy yachaykunapas wañupunqam, chinkapunqam, puchukanqam, hinaspam manaña pipaqpas kanqañachu. ·Chayraykum chay UNESCO institucionpi científico nisqa yachaysapa runakuna llakikunku runa siminchik wañuypaq kaptin. 4.- ÑUQANCHIKRI, ¿IMA NINCHIKMI? ·Kunanqa, yachanchikñam runa siminchikpa wañunayasqanta. · Maymanta kay llaki willakuy hamusqantapas yachanchikñam. · Runa siminchikpa wañunayayninwan wakin karu suyukunapi imarayku llakikusqankutapas yachanchikñam. ·Runa siminchik wañuruptin, chaychika allin yachayninchikkunapa chinkarunantapas yachanchikñam. ·Ñuqanchikrí, ¿ima ninchikmi? ·¿ I m a t a m r u w a s u n r u n a s i m i n c h i k a m a wañurunanpaq? ·¿Pikunam warmanchikman runa simipi sutita churaykuranchik? ·¿Pikunam wawa churinchikwan runa simipi rimaykunchik? · ¿Mayqinninchikmi takiykunchik runa simipi takichakunata, wawa churinchikwan kuska? ·¿Pikunam runa simipi qillqayta, qillqa qawaytapas yachanchik?
5 . ¿ H I N A L L A C H U WA Ñ U R U N Q A ? ¿PIMANTAM KACHKAN MANA WAÑURUNANPAQ? ·Runa siminchikpa mana wañurunanpaq, ¿imatam ruwana kanman? ·Mana kikinchik imatapas ruwaptinchik, ¿pim ruwanqa? ·¿Yachay wasipichu yachachinqaku? ¿Pikunata? ·¿Gobiernochu kamachiwasun runa simita rimananchikpaq? ·FEDIPA, wakin federacionninchikpas ¿imatam ruwanman? ·¿Hawa hatun suyukunapi iskay-kimsa runapa qichwa yachay munasqanwanchu kawsarirunqa runa siminchik? 6 . - ¿ I M ATA M R U WA S U N R U N A SIMINCHIKPA AMA WAÑURUNANPAQ? ·Sapanka runa simi rimay yachaqkuna, kunanmanta pacha, rimasun llaqtamasinchikwan llamkayninchikpi, asambleapi, alma velaypi, tukuy imamanta. ·Sapanka llaqtanchikpi, primariapi, wawa churinchikman yachachichunku runa simipi qillqayta, qillqa qawayta, takiyta, willakuykunata, castellanotawan kuskata. ·Secundariapipas yachachichunku astawan runa simipi rimayta, qillqayta, takiyta, hinallataq castellanota, inglestapas. ·Radiokunapi, televisionpipas rimamuchunku runa simipi, takita churamuchunku, willakuykunata mastarimuchunku, watuchikunatapas. ·Runa simipi allin rimaqkunata qayarichunku, sumaq takiqkunatapas, yachay wasikunapi yachachinankupaq, radiopi, televisionkunapipas rimaykamunanpaq. ·F E D I P A p i , w a k i n l l a q t a m a s i n c h i k p a huñunakuyninpas runa simipi rimasun, allin rimaqkunataqkunata, takiqkunatapas tupanachichun, atipanakuypi. ·Estadota, empresakunatapas mañarikusun kaykunapi yanapariwananchikpaq.
Photo: " Rhonda Jorgensen
· ¡ A M A P U N I WA Ñ U R U C H U N C H U K AY RIMAYNINCHIK!
The quechwa speakers people ourself, we need to speak betwen our relatives, in our work, in our past away ceremonies, and about everything.
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· ¡ Ñ U Q A N C H I K P U N I S U M A Q TA TARPUYKUSUN WAWA CHURINCHIKPA SUNQUCHANPI! ·¡ S A P A N K A N C H I K R I M A R I K U S U N , TA K I R I K U S U N R U N A S I M I N C H I K P I ! ¡KAWSACHUN RUNA SIMINCHIK!
Ayllunchikkuna / Our Communities By: Leo Casas Ballón
THE QUECHUA DIES, WHAT TO DO?
What we must do? In the first place, to speak in quechua all those that we know this language, but not only like joke or so that
others do not understand to us, but with taste, amusingly, everything what is possible, anywhere, on the subject that is: or soccer, work, meals, health, family or religion. The second step is to remember and to sing all the songs that we pruned in quechua. The third step is to speak to them to our children in quechua, to sing with them songs quechuas, to tell stories them in this language. In the church we can and we must sing and say in quechua. There are very pretty songs and orations in quechua. We can obtain a dictionary, a bible, a prayer book, mass book , etc. to us. in this language. Surely which our children and grandsons are going to want to know the meaning of the songs, stories, orations, jokes, riddles, etc. In this case, we deliver an attack to translate of quechua the Castilian. If there is a bilingual school in our community, we talk with the professors on the advantages of which our children learn to read and to write in quechua, that to us their books lend, that teach to us how to write in this language. This way we will see that who knows quechua and Castilian she has two languages, she knows two cultures, has the double intelligence, is worth by two. If in our community we are quechua-speakers and there is no bilingual school, we must request that
Photo: Cortesía de Google
In the previous edition of our magazine we informed that, recently, the United Nations for the Education, Science and Culture-UNESCO, said that quechua is dying without remedy. After a careful study during ten years, the specialists of this world-wide organism say that the main reason is that we yourself, the quechua-speakers, no longer we spoke to them to our children in our maternal language. This way, six of each ten children of quechua-speakers, no longer speak our language. So that it worries to the specialists in sciences about the humanity worldwide that quechua is disappearing? They say that with the language quechua disappears a culture, that is to say, a special form to see the world, a set of values like solidarity and reciprocity, a harmonious and respectful form of relation with the nature, all the wisdom of which constructed wonders like Machu Pikchu, as well as special knowledge on agriculture, cattle ranch, medicine, feeding, weaves, ceramics, architecture; just as music, the song, the dances, the oral tradition and many things that can even help the solution of great problems of the humanity like they are the hunger, the health, the destruction of the nature and even the wars that threaten existence of all. The quechua-speakers we felt really inheriting and responsible for the continuity of as much wonder? The truth is that, according to the UNESCO report, we did not feel like defending heirs nor of our language and our culture. On the contrary, according to which we know, we see and we listened, we are we more well quechua-speakers them the main people in charge of which our maternal language is dying without remedy. The cause of that is that we have been always despised, insulted, humiliated and marginalized to speak in our maternal language. In addition, they have made us think that, to learn to speak the Castilian well and so that they do not make fun of us in the city, we must forget to us quechua. Is certain this? Clear that it is not truth. There are thousands of countrymen who speak very well in Castilian, without letting speak quechua. If the cause of the death of quechua are we yourself, then the remedy so that it also does not die is in our hands.
...who knows quechua and Castilian he have two languages, he knows two cultures and he have double intelligence, is worth by two....”
the UGEL or the DRE sends a specialist so that explains us to all in assembly how it is this form of education and the advantages that it has. Surely which later we are going to request that our school is bilingual-intercultural, that is to say, that teaches in quechua and Castilian, that our children know the world quechua and the world the city, other countries and other cultures, but after ours. In summary, so that quechua does not die ours, all those that we know this language we must speak, sing, tell to stories and jokes, enamor and until insulting and putting nicknames in quechua. We must speak in quechua in familiar meetings, communal celebrations, wake (for the dead), tasks , assemblies or of district, municipal town halls, masses, you announce, warnings, notifications, etc. Another step is to speak to them, to sing, to tell them stories to them, riddles, etc. in quechua to our children. Another very important thing that we must do, no longer single so that quechua does not die, but so that it is developed, blooms and gains prestige, is to write everything what is necessary and possible in this language. In this eagerness we are going away to find with some difficulties to write certain words. This is normal, but it is very easy to learn the alphabet. Often we have listened that quechua cannot be written. This is totally false, because from year 1560 to the date, are thousands of books written in this language. Also we are going to verify that there are differences between quechua and another one, for example, between quechua from Cuzco and from Ayacucho, from Ancash and wanka. This has given reason so that some say that between quechua-speakers of these regions they are not understood. This also is lie. There are differences, but single it is question to render little of attention, because this happens in all the languages, and not for that reason they let be spoken. In the following number of this magazine we are going to teach the official alphabet of quechua, that will allow us to write this language correctly. We are going to see that it is very easy and that it has many advantages to read and to write our maternal language. Also, we will be seeing the small differences of quechua according to the regions little by little to learn to understand us each others between quechua-speakers of different regions and sub-regions.
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Photo: Courtesy of Google. Composition and Photografhic retouch: Wildor Coba