MArch_Y5_PS2 by Menghan Chen

Portfolio Manchester School of Architecture Fifth Year 2019-2020 Semester2 PS2 Project CPU & AI Junjie Su Siyu Xie Jiao Xie Menghan Chen

Contents 0

Analysis on Site and Righton Building 0.1Site Analysis Surroundings 0.2 Site Analysis Target Users 0.3 Building Analysis History 0.4 Building Analysis Function & Structure &Material & Window 0.5 Building Analysis Asbestos 0.6 Building Analysis Regulations 0.7 Building Analysis M&E 0.8 Design Limitations & Opportunities 2

2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8

Research 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5

Concept Development

Research Framework Adaptive Reuse Research Makerspace Research Sustainbable Construction Biophilic Architecture Research

Concept & Design Aims Design Strategy Massing Developement Plants Analysis Program Analysis Aerial View Plans Elevations Sections & Circulation

Construction 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5

Structure & Tectonic Drawings Construction Sequence Environmental Analysis Fire Regulations RIBA Plan Of Work Conclusion

ABSTRACT This semester's renovation project is located in the Victorian style building 'RIGHTON Building' in the centre of MMU. Through analysis of its historical value, structure, usage, etc., we have concluded the private parts and the parts that have problems to be solved. In the selection process of the target population, we refer to the professional situation of the teaching buildings around the selected venue and the analysis of the British maker space, to choose the students who study natural sciences and food sciences in the school. The concept of our project is based on the masterplan of Manchester Metropolitan University. It is divided into three lines: stimulate creativity, promote communication, and maintain environmental friendliness, which together forms our concept. In the development of the design strategy, we used not only traditional analysis of existing cases and data but also used parametric tools to control the architectural proposal.

We explored how to introduce nature into buildings so that they can undergo unusual chemical reactions and combine well. We studied how to better stimulate the creativity of the users through the design of the architectural space. We also thought about how to rejuvenate this classic building and attract more people to visit and study here, to promote different Interpersonal communication in different areas of the discipline. In the later stage of the plan design, we also considered and practiced the structure, construction, environmental strategy and other directions required by the building plan. And show our project better through the way of illustration.

Chapter 0 Analysis on Righton Building

Faculty of Science and Engineering

The Business School

MMU Library

Cavendish Building

Student Union

Benzie Building

Manchester School of Art

Faculty of Art and Humanities

Chatham Building

Transportation Analysis

Geoffery Manton Building

Function Analysis

0.1 SITE ANALYSIS SURROUNDINGS

T OO

D ON

M SA

W Y AR

AT H

O SH

AT I

U MM

RT RE O T SP EN C

Bus stop

Parking

Greening Analysis

ST AU

O SH

AY W

O M O C N AC TIO DA

A NI

Parking Analysis

AC DA CO TI MO ON

C RN

AC DA CO TI MO ON

As we analyse the site in the campus, we can identify that around the site there is no similar makerspace near the site and also there is a park called All Saints Park near the site which is in the direction of the entrance and maybe we can make use of the landscape.

AL PA L S RK AI N

Flow of People Analysis

Disciplines Analysis

0.2 SITE ANALYSIS TARGET USERS SITE

LAB STUDENTS

MMU STUDENTS

GEOGRAPHY AND THE ENVIRONMENT

Faculty of Science & Engineering

FOOD & NUTRITION

BIOLOGICAL SCIENCE

VISITOR

Cavendish Building

MMU STUDENTS

Acccording to the site analysis, we can find that there is a connncection between the site, the Cavendish Building and the Faculty of Science adn Engineering. Thus our main target users are these students and through analysis, we can know that there many majors in these faculty and we can apply them to our design.

MAIN PREDESTRAIN MMU CAMPUS

Sit

ACCOMODATION FOOD AND NUTRITION LAB

Higher Chatham Street

ien

Mic ro B iolo

tal me n on vir En

FOOD AND NUTRITION LAB

Higher Ormond Street

trition e Nu xercis and E Sport

Nutritional Science

n Inno and nce

ole

r ula

ol Bi

cie od S

y og

gy iolo

vatio

Righton Building

MAIN FLOW

Main Entrance

And when we analysis the relationship betweem the Cavendish Building and the Righton Building, we can also see a link between the Food and Nutrition students. What’s more the Faculty of Science and Engineering is 5 minutes from the site, so our main target users can be the students from this two faculties.

iti

nd Street

Faculty Finace Office

Vi s

Higher Ormo

Courtyard

Cavendish Building

As we can know from the analysis above, the main people who will walk pass the site are the students from the MMU Campus and our target users can be them.

Righton Building

When we look at the surroundings and analyse the people nearby, we can find that most of them are from the MMU and students from the Cavendish Building are the most-related to the site. Thus, through analysing the associated disciplines, we choose the students from the Food and Nutrition, the Biological Science and the Geography and Environment to be our primary target users. Moreover, the students from other faculties and visitors are also welcomed to come to the new building.

Bird View of the All Saints Park in 1937

0.3 BUILDING ANALYSIS HISTORY

When looking the photo in the left hand, it’s hard to know that there was a church in the park before and the facade of the Righton Building has never been changed and preserve in a perfect state.

Figure1: Resources From https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3xxSYHIdGO8&t=23s

Time Line of the Righton Building

2002 CHANGE

1955 Last known instance of Righton Building houseing the original draper sop CIRCA. Use of former showrooms, warehouse and offices as temporary student union

Notice of intention to build Righton Building was submitted to the city council. Originally designed as a draper’s shop by W and G higginbottom Architects. Original owner was William Righton

Rightion Building was listed as a building of historic interest by Historic England

Occupied by ‘’Till & Kennedy’’, a ironmogery suplier with storage and showrooms located inside

Moreover, through the fundamental analysis of the history of the components in the building, we set up three types of values to evaluate the buildings. One is the component constructed from 1904 to present with high value, one is built from 1970 to present with high value, and other components were built in 2012 with little values.

In 1993 the building also housed temporary student union

History

2002

1993

1991

1970

1960

Valuable

1955

1904

Change of use of building from srts and design workshops and exhibition area to office use and elevation alterations

With an over a hundred years old history, Righton Building has a very high historical value to investigate. Based on the root of history, we think we could have more understanding of the building from the past to the present.

Figure 2: Resources From https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3xxSYHIdGO8&t=23s

Function

Looking at the original functions of the building, they are mostly covered by the offices and the workshopes.

Structure

The primary structure of the building is the column and the load-bearing wall on the facade.

Material

As the building has a long history and has been renovated a few times, we can see different kinds of materials in the building. Some of the materials can date back to 1904.

Window &Door

Most of the windows and doors are from 2012 except the windows on the east facade and the inner windows on the first floor are from the 1904s.

0.4 BUILDING ANALYSIS FUNCTION & STRUCTURE &MATERIAL & WINDOW In this section, we will analyse four essential parts of the Righton Building - function, structure, material and windows and doors.

0.5 BUILDING ANALYSIS ASBESTOS

Brief

Asbestos is knowned as a dangerous material in the construction, we will first have a research on that before we analyse it in the building.

Location

As we have analysed the asbestos in the building, we found that most of the asbestos was stored in the basement, and some parts of the building are also contained asbestos.

Strategy

According to the locations of the asbestos in the buildings, we have set up two strategies to deal with the problems. One way is demolishing, and another is to remove them.

Asbestos was known as a kind of dangerous material in the construction. We firstly have done research on asbestos. After that, we will analyse its locations in the Righton building and how to deal with it by different strategies.

0.6 BUILDING ANALYSIS REGULATIONS

Accessbility

The biggest problem of the accessbility in this building is that disable people can only access to the ground floor and can not make it to the other floors.

Fire Regulation

When looking to fire escape analysis of the existing building, we can know that the escape distance in the basement and the first floor do not comply with the Approved Document B which need to make a change. Furthermore, when the fire alarm is on, the door towards to cavendish building will close.

Here we will analyse the accessibility and the fire regulation in the building so that we can avoid the problems when we reuse the building.

0.7 BUILDING ANALYSIS M&E Heating

The heating system in the Righton Building is base on the boiler room on the ground floor. Through the how water pipe, the heating is dilieved to every floor in the building.

Fire System

Fire system in the building are the fire alarm system to warn people to escape. And the main fire problem in the building is that the escape distance is too long.

Drianage

The drainage system in the building is through the system on the roof. When rainwater drop on the roof, it will follow the pipe and down to the basement and finally to the city water system.

In this section, we are going to analyse the M&E systems, including the heating, fire system and the water Drainage system.

Site Limitations Height Limitations

Sunlight Limitations

Site Opportunities Wind

Greening

Junction

Building Limitations Facade Reservation

Structure

Window

Boiler Room

Building Opportunities Functions

Basement

Fire Danger

0.8 DESIGN LIMITATIONS & OPPORTUNITIES After analysing most parts of the Righton Building, we are now concluding the whole analysis above. Based on that, we can find out the limitations and opportunities of the site, which might have an impact on our design later.

Chapter 1 Research

Research Framework

RIGHTON

Geography & Environment

Biological Science

Food & Nutrition

Structure Research

Makerspace Research

Reuse Research

Base on the primary analysis of the Righton Building and the target users, this section will focus on sustainable research to set up a foundation for the design.

TARGET USERS

1.1 RESEARCH FRAMEWORK

Brief of the MMU

UK'S GREENEST UNIVERSITY

Owing almost 50,000 people on the campus, Manchester Metropolitan University is a leading award-winning University for Sustainability. The reputation as the University for world-class professionals will increasingly depend upon how we embed issues pertinent to success in the environments of the future.

Resources From https://www2.mmu.ac.uk/bigimpact/sustainability-in-action/

The Site in the Campus

STUDENT RESIDENCES 6 GREAT MARLBOROUGH ST PLOT E STUDENT RESIDENCES

Sustainable Study Biophilia Hypothesis

Biophilia Strategies

Nature & Biodiversity

Carbon Impact

Concept Design

BROOKS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING

BUSINESS SCHOOL & STUDENT HUB

ORMOND SCHOOL OF DIGITAL ARTS

CAVENDISH

GROSVENOR

STUDENT UNION PROJECT

FUNCTION

6 GREAT MARLBOROUGH ST

PROFESSION SERVICES OFFICE

ORMAND

PROFESSION SERVICES OFFICE

ARTS & HUMANITIES

INSPIRATIONAL TEACHING & RESEARCH

SCHOOL OF DIGITAL ARTS

TECHNOLOGY RICH SPACE

PLOT E STUDENT RESIDENCES

NEW STUDENT ACCOMODATION

ALL SAINTS BUILDING & LIBRARY

RIGHTON

ARTS & HUMANITIES BENZIE & CHATHAM BUILDING

GEOFFREY MANTON

Resources From https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3xxSYHIdGO8&t=23s

However, when looking at the site in the MMU campus, we are wondering which kind of makerspace will suit the site and the need for the further development of the university. Maybe a new place for students to play? Or a sustainable place that can boost the sustainable education while experiencing the building?

Annual estimates of total dwelling stock for England and annual change as a percentage of existing stock, as at

1.2 ADAPTIVE REUSE RESEARCH

31 March 2001-2018

“The greenest building is the one that is already built.” (Carl Elefante, FAIA)

As we can see from the left hand table, it is obvious that the trend of the total dwelling stock is steadily increasing in the past 19 years. However, there is still not enough houses for the increasing population in England which lead to a Housing Crisis.

The definition of the adaptive reuse

Adaptive reuse refers to the process of reusing an existing building for a purpose other than which it was originally built or designed for. It is also known as recycling and conversion. Source: Caves, R. W. (2004). Encyclopedia of the City. Routledge. p. 6.

Figure 3: Source:https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/ uploads/attachment_data/file/803958/Dwelling_Stock_Estimates_31_March_2018__England.pdf

Figure 4:Source:https://www.hartlepoollabour.org.uk/housing-crisis-tory-solution-ignore-it/

Vacant Dwellings by Local Authority District: England, from 2004

However, according to the Vacant Dwellings Survey by the UK government, there are almost 634,453 houses that are vacant in England which is a waste resources in the society.

REUSE

REFIRBISH

[ /ˌriːˈjuːs/ ]

[ riːˈfɜːbɪʃ/ ]

Change the intent of a structure to meet the modern user’s needs

Restoring a building to its original state

Adaptive reuse has the potential to help with urban sprawl and land conservation, saves buildings with historical significance, and is an environmentally friendly alternative to new construction. While it is not the same as historic preservation, adaptive reuse can be seen as a compromise between preserve and demolition. One of the design benefits of adaptive reuse over historic preservation is the flexibility to use new, more efficient architectural materials while still paying tribute to the history of the building. This offers another “green” element as designers are not limited to original materials, but can use recycled, more efficient products for surface solutions as well. While part of adaptive reuse gives designers and architects the chance to repurpose old materials, it also allows for an often well-deserved upgrade of the space. One way designers can pay tribute to the history of a building is through incorporating significant elements of the place’s past.

800,000 600,000

Type of the Reuse

400,000 200,000

CORNER

WALL

GATE

HAT

PARASITE

ROOF

UNDERGROUND

JOINT

TRANSITION

BRIDGE

SKIN

NEW INTERIOR

DIVIDER

ALIGNMENT

UMBRELLA

FILTER

BOUNDRY

INFILL

FEATURE

GLUE

DISALIGNMENT

Figure 5: Source: https://www.gov.uk/government/statistical-data-sets/live-tables-on-dwelling-stock-including-vacants

Research

2/3

Precedent

Only

of the building area that exist today will still exists in 2050

0.5-1%

of the building stock to be renovated annually

Source: https://architecture2030.org/existing-buildings-operation/

Figure 6: Source: CPU PS2 Resource

Resons to come to makerspace

1.3 MAKERSPACE RESEARCH

Types of the makerspace Learning ‘‘There are many spe-

Making

cific space in here,

33%

‘‘Tools, 3D-Printer, La-

35%

Resources From https://media.nesta.org.uk/documents/open_dataset_of_uk_makerspaces_users_guide.pdf

Fab Labs

Standlone Fabs and Embedded Fab Labs

Hackerspace Clubhouse

Grassroots Hackerspace

Fab Labs

Standlone Fabs and Embedded Fab Labs

that there are courses here’’

tools are free to use,

A makerspace is a physical location where people gather to co-create, share resources and knowledge, woek on projects, network, and build. And the makerspace also engage with the STEAM agenda.

Grassroots Hackerspace

and also we’re happy

ser cutter and many

The definition of the makerspace

Hackerspace Clubhouse

l think it help me a lot

41%

with my courseworks’’

Socializing

Figure9

‘‘l come here to make friends with same interests every weekend’’

Aberdeen

Figure 10: Resources: https://media.nesta.org.uk/documents/open_ dataset_of_uk_makerspaces_users_guide.pdf

Glasgow

Monthly Fee and a small user base, primarily enabling making, hacking and socialising for a group of like-minded individuals

Figure10

Figure11

Membership fee and rely on goodwill, sponsorship and income generater through events and tranning. Own the largest users.

Most common type. Providing a common set of industrial-grade fabrication and electronics tools, processes, and open source software and programs. Ranking the second highest number in UK. Monthly Fee and a small user Membership fee and rely on Most common type. Providing a base, primarily enabling goodwill, sponsorship and common set of industrial-grade fabrication and electronics making, hacking and socialising income generater through Figure 13: Resources: https://clubhouse.io/blog/a-developers-guide-to-hacking-joy-at-your-local-hackerspace/ for a group of like-minded events and tranning. Own the tools, processes, and open individuals largest users. source software and programs. Figure 14: Resources: https://securityledger.com/2016/02/maker-spaces-grassroots-of-the-internet-of-things/ Ranking the second highest “ Makerspace ” Machine Shop Civic Workspaces Figure 15: Resources: https://medium.com/@fab9au/the-maker-movement-a550e68a9ad3 number in UK.

Figure12 Including a standard set of equipment, but with some additional limitations such as pay-per-hour machine use for individuals. Such as the lab in universities or non-profits Including a standard set of equipment, but with some additional limitations such as pay-per-hour machine use for individuals. Such as the lab in universities or non-profits Cluster Model

Figure 16: Resources: https://www.aalto.fi/en/services/aalto-fablab

Belfast

Geographic spread

Makerspaces can be found in every region of the UK, with most of the UK’s cities having at least one makerspace. However, the density and number of makerspaces differ by region. London, the North West, the South East and Scotland each have more than ten makerspaces. Meanwhile, the East Midlands, Northern Ireland and the North East are respectively home to less than five. London, Scotland and Wales have the most makerspaces per capita, while North East, East of England, and East and West Midlands have the fewest.

Leeds Liverpool

Number of makerspaces per town or city

1 2 3 20

Manchester Sheffieid

Oxford Cardiff Bristol

London Brighton

Figure 11: Resources: https://media.nesta.org.uk/documents/open_dataset_of_ uk_makerspaces_users_guide.pdf

61%

86%

Research

Offering pay-as-you-go machine use, and focus on prototyping and small scale production. Tend to have a low Figure14 users.

Acting as a tool for regeneration and working alongside housing developments or public services, such as libraries. No Figure15 menbership.

A combination of fab lab or machine shop with desk space or co-working. Lower cost access to range of facilities.

Not belong to the wider hackerspace community. No share the open source software. Using ‘Pay Monthly’ structure.

Offering pay-as-you-go machine use, and focus on prototyping and small scale production. Tend to have a low users.

Acting as a tool for regeneration and working alongside housing developments or public services, such as libraries. No menbership.

A combination of fab lab or machine shop with desk space or co-working. Lower cost access to range of facilities.

Figure16

Figure 17: Resources: https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2015/04/makerspaces-are-remaking-local-economies/390807/ Figure 18: Resources: https://phys.uic.edu/resources/machine-shop/ Figure 19: Resources: https://www.knoll.com/knollnewsdetail/civic-hall-case-study Figure 20: Resources: http://engineering.buffalo.edu/home/school/explore/facilities/machine-shop.html

Computer room

Toilets

Kitchen

Social Area

Not belong to the wider hackerspace community. No share the open source software. Using ‘Pay Monthly’ Figure13 structure.

45% Storage

29% Library

Cluster Model

In the makerspace, it will provide different kinds of spaces for different people to have various types of activities. Most of them can give the computer room for the users who can access the Internet and also different kinds of software to work out their works.

58%

Precedent

Civic Workspaces

Which kind of makerspace suit the site?

89%

Spaces provided in the makerspace

Machine Shop

“ Makerspace ”

Figure 12: Resources: https://media.nesta.org.uk/documents/open_dataset_of_uk_ makerspaces_users_guide.pdf

However, when look at the site in the MMU campus, we are wondering which kind of makerspace will suit the site and the need for the further development of the campus. Maybe a new place for students to play? Or a substanible place that can boost the substainable education while experience the building?

1.4 SUSTAINBABLE CONSTRUCTION

NATURE & BIODIVERSITY

Source: UKGBC-https://www.ukgbc.org/climate-change/

Source: UKGBC-https://www.ukgbc.org/biodiversity/

MtCO 2e:

831

42%

MtCO 2e

was the total carbon footprint of the UK in 2014

NEW CONSTRUCTION

MtCO 2e

was embedded through new construction

Carbon dioxide equivalents are commonly expressed as million metric tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalents, abbreviated as Mt CO2e.

was attributable to the built environment

Increase of green roofs in London from 2014 to 2015

185 MtCO 2e

was total operational and embodied carbon footprint of the built environment

saved on energy

of carbon stored each

bills from shading

year

buildings each year

2 , 220

3.4m

tonnes of pollution

litres of stormwater

removed each year

absorbed each year

TRANSPORT

138

Land use in the UK by thousand hectares

119

MtCO 2e

was generated by operational energy uses (e.g. heating)

￡ 260k 2.4Mt

17%

EXISTING BUILT ASSETS

MtCO 2e

14% tree cover in London from a total of 8,4m trees

349 MtCO 2e

22%

was generated through plug loads and cooking in buildings

Opening stock 1998

MtCO 2e

was generated by direct emmisions from road and rail transport

To meet obligations under the 2008 Climate Change Act, the Green Construction Board has recommended a low carbon routemap to 2050

Closing stock 2007

0 Urban areas

5,000 Pastures

Crops

10,000 Sparsely veg-

15,000 Grassland

Shrubland

20,000 Wetland

25,000 Woodland

Other

etated areas

Targets for operational and embodied carbon

of households

Progress to date

100

of adults use

57%

a month or more

90%

under five visit their local park at least once a month or more

Embodied

Operational

14 20

12 20

10 20

08 20

06 20

04 20

02 20

00 20

98 19

96 19

by 2050

MtCO 2e

by 2025

at least once

with children

MtCO 2e

their parks

113

From energy usage to emissions, the construction industry has a huge impact on the environment. This research is not intended to be fully comprehensive as we recognise that the state of sustainability for the entire built environment is even more complex. But according to the brief research, we find that the UK property and construction industry needs to do more before it can be considered sustainable.

CARBON IMPACT OF THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT

Operational and Embodied

Direct emissions from fuel use in existing buildings rose for the second year running in 2016, mainly due to heating. Heating alone results in 10% of the nation’s carbon footprint and homes are more significant than all other building types put together.

Figure 23: Source: https://www.sfexaminer.com/news/only-thing-scarier-than-climatechange-report-is-not-acting-on-it/

The effect of human enterprise on the earth’s climate and habitats are causing scientists to herald a new geological epoch: the ‘Anthropocene’. This would be the world’s sixth mass extinction event, and the first to be caused by one species only. Buildings and cities can play a vital role in reversing this trend. The natural capital in our urban areas delivers important functions by providing green space, tree cover and biodiversity. Fortunately, investing in these areas comes with its own wealth of benefits; improving air quality, sequestering carbon, cooling cities and enhancing wellbeing to the people who live in cities.

Biophilic design is an approach to architecture that seeks to connect building occupants more closely to nature. Biophilic designed buildings incorporate things like natural lighting and ventilation, natural landscape features and other elements for creating a more productive and healthy built environment for people.

The biophilia hypothesis which was raised by Edward O. Wilson in 1984 suggests that humans posses an innate tendency to seek connnections with nature and other forms of life.

Nature

Visual Connection

Simulated or Constructed: Mechanical flow of a body of water Koi pond, aquarium Green wall Artwork depicting nature scenes Video depicting nature scenes Highly designed landscapes

Other Lifes

Human

Biophilia Design Benefits

Biophilia Creates Healthier Cities.

Biophilia Creates Deep & Powerful Connections.

Biophilic design can be organized into three categories – Nature in the Space, Natural Analogues, and Nature of the Space

Nature in Space

1.5 BIOPHILIC ARCHITECTURE RESEARCH

Three categories to design Biophilic

Biophilia Hypothesis

Presence of Water

Simulated or Constructed: Digital simulations of nature sounds Mechanically released natural plant oils Audible and/or physically accessible water feature Music with fractal qualities Horticulture/gardening, including edible plants

Dynamic & Diffuse Light

Non-Rhythmic Sensory Stimuli

Simulated or Constructed: Billowy fabric or screen materials that move or glisten with light or breezes Reflections of water on a surface Shadows or dappled light that change with movement or time

Thermal & Airflow Variability

Simulated or Constructed: HVAC delivery strategy Systems controls Window glazing and window treatment Window operability and cross ventilation

Connection with Natural System

Biophilia Cities are more happier and productive

Resources From https://www.sageglass.com/en/

Simulated or Constructed: Water wall Constructed water fall Aquarium Fountain Constructed stream

article/seven-principles-biophilic-design Biophilia Benefits Economic Growth

Non-Visual Connection

Biophilia Positively Impacts Education.

Nature Analogues

Biomorphic Forms & Patterns

Simulated or Constructed: Arrangement of the structural system Acoustic paneling (wall or ceiling) Railings, banisters, fencing, gates Furniture form Window details: frit, light shelves, fins Pathway and hallway form

Simulated or Constructed: Ambient diffuse lighting on walls and ceiling Day light preserving window treatments Task and personal lighting Accent lighting Circadian color reference

Material Connection with Nature

Simulated or Constructed: Wall construction (wood, stone) Structural systems (heavy timber beams) Façade material Furniture form Footpaths, bridges

Simulated or Constructed: Simulated daylighting systems that transition with diurnal cycles Wildlife habitats Exposure of water infrastructure Step wells for seasonal rainwater storage and social convergence Natural patina of materials

Complexity & Order

Simulated or Constructed: Exposed structure/exoskeleton Exposed mechanical systems Facade materials Facade, spandrel and window hierarchy Building skyline Floor plan, landscape plan, urban grid Pedestrian and traffic flows

Research Prospect

Nature of Space

Precedent

Resources From https://www.biophiliccities.org/why-join

Simulated or Constructed: Transparent materials Balconies, catwalks, staircase landings Open floor plans Elevated planes Views including shade trees, bodies of water or evidence of human habitation

Reguge

Simulated or Constructed: Spaces with weather/climate protection, or speech and visual privacy Spaces reserved for reflection, meditation, rest, relaxation, reading, or complex cognitive tasks Drop or lowered ceiling or soffit, overhang or canopy

Mystery

Simulated or Constructed: Light and shadow Sound or vibration Scent Activity or movement Artwork or installation Form and flow Translucent materials

Risk / Peril

Simulated or Constructed: Double-height atrium with balcony or catwalk Architectural cantilevers Infinity edges Façade with floor-to-ceiling transparency Experiences or objects that are perceived to be defying or testing gravity

Resources From https://www.terrapinbrightgreen.com/reports/14-patterns/#biophilia-in-context

Chapter 2 Concept Development

2.0 CONCEPT & DESIGN AIMS

1 Provide laboratories for target users 2 Provide large public spaces for them to communciate 3 Provide much more experimental field for them to grow plants or vegatables

Ecolab

Combine public area with private area

In this chapter, we summarize our design concepts based on the current status of existing buildings, the MMU masterplan, and the needs of the target users. According to the school planning, our idea is divided into three different routes: Stimulate creativity; Environmental-friendly; Promote Communication. These three directions guide our concept: A creative academic field, space where people can communicate freely and relax, an area where architecture and nature combine --- Our Ecolab.

Engaing nature into building spaces

Create makerspace with more freedom for students to do experiment on fields and laboratories

1 Exhibit the research achievement 2 Showing MMU academic outputs 3 Invite other people to come and visit the Righton building

1 Introduce nature environment into building spaces 2 Create links between Righton Building and the greenspace nearby 3 Provide nature space for students and staffs to relax themselves according to Biophilic Architecture principles

Introduce Nature into Architecture

Makerspace for Target users

Exhibition Area

Environmental-friendly

Stimulate creativity

Promote Communciation

Masterplan of Manchester Metropolitan University

2.1 DESIGN STRATEGY This page shows our design strategy from the concept to massing stage.

Strategy 1

Overall Connection

Strategy 2

Add Floors

Strategy 3

Interior Connection

Group A 300mm:500mm:700mm=10:7:4

2 . 2 MASSING DEVELOPEMENT RANKING

In this chapter, we conducted intervention and comparative analysis of the formation of terraces. Based on the analysis of planted varieties, they require three types of soil depth: 200 mm 400 mm 500 mm. So our terraces exist in three different depths: 300mm, 500mm, 700mm. According to the proportion of soil at different depths, we used a parameterized tool to control the depth of the terraces and generated more than 50 results. With the fundamental goal of promoting species diversity, we conducted a round of screening and selected 12 results. For these twelve results, we used a scoring system and gave four ranking criteria. We finally decided one of these programs with excellent performance as our final plan.

Species Diversity Index The species diversity indexis a statistic used to describe the diversity of a community. We use judge this according to number of soils at different depths inside each option.

Daylighting Daylighting describes the amount of daylighting which could be received by the field, and the degree of interaction between plants.

No.1

SPE

LIG

VEG

HUM

No.2

SPE

LIG

VEG

HUM

No.3

SPE

LIG

VEG

HUM

No.4

SPE

LIG

VEG

HUM

Grade

1.5

2.5

Grade

1.5

Grade

2.5

Grade

3.5

Group B 300mm:500mm:700mm=10:3:7

Plant suitability Plant suitability is decided by the ratio of soil depth to area of each terrace, whether it is suitable for that kind of plants at that area.

No.5

SPE

LIG

VEG

HUM

No.6

SPE

LIG

VEG

HUM

No.7

SPE

LIG

VEG

HUM

No.8

SPE

LIG

VEG

HUM

Grade

2.5

Group C 300mm:500mm:700mm=12:5:5

First Place

Human suitability Human suitability is determined by whether the width of the terraces is suitable for people to walk on to it and do some planting or irrigation work

Section Shows the nunmber and arrangement of soils of different depths: 300MM, 500MM and 700MM.

No.9

SPE

LIG

VEG

HUM

No.10

SPE

LIG

VEG

HUM

No.11

SPE

LIG

VEG

HUM

No.12

SPE

LIG

VEG

HUM

Grade

2.5

1.5

3.5

Grade

3.5

Grade

4.5

1.5

Grade

4.5

2.3 PLANTS ANALYSIS What role will nature, in the broadest sense, play in contemporary cities? Our objective is to introduce nature to Manchester city centre again and to increase the awareness of a sustainable planet. There are some fruits and herbs generally seen in the UK in the experimental farm, and those plants could be collected as examples for students who major in since such plants are the suitability of the local climate.

30°

Cherry

0°

Fennel Cherry

-10°

Beth Pear Gala Apple

Fennel

Gala Apple

Lavender

Temperature Diagram

Lavender

Gala Apple

Bay Tree

Beth Pear

Fennel

Beth Pear

Plum

Sage Thyme

Thyme Sage

Plum Lemon Balm Oregano

Fennel

Full Sun Part Sun

Sage Lavender

Rosemary

Lemon Balm

Rosemary Lemon Balm

Bay Tree

Rosemary

Beth Pear Cherry

Gala Apple

Shade

Bay Tree Lemon Balm

Sun Shade Diagram Thyme

Purple Sage

Bay Tree

Lemon Balm

Oregano

Plum

Rosemary

Thyme

English Lavender

Fennel

Beth Pear

Sweet Cherry

Gala Apple

Thyme

Category h (height) t (soil thickness)

Beth Pear 2.5-4m 50cm

t Cherry 3-8m 50cm

Gala Apple 1.8-4m 50cm

Plum 2.5-4m 50cm

Sage 30-100cm 20cm

Rosemary 2m 40cm

Lemon Balm

Oregano

Rosemary Oregano

t t

Plum

t Bay Tree 12m 50cm

Thyme 40cm 20cm

Lemon Balm 70-150cm 20cm

t Lavender 1-2m 40cm

Oregano 60cm 20cm

Fennel 40-200cm 40cm

2.4 PROGRAM ANALYSIS In this lab makerspace, there are many various laboratories offered for students majoring in nutritious or biological. Also, some open spaces, like activities areas and display rooms, are provided for all visitors, and they could take some lessons from plants. On the roof, a big farm with local trees and herbs could be seen, and some experimental fields for certain students to experiment.

Exterior fram

Office

Activity area

Cafe

Small Lab

Regular Lab

Reading area

interior fram

Display Area

Digital Display

Green Room

2.5 AERIAL VIEW

The aerial view of the building shows the distribution of the roof green space and its integration with the surrounding site. It gives the viewers the first impression of this project and has a preliminary understanding of the style of the entire building.

2.6 PLANS Basement

We add three new floors to the existing building and try to reuse the building sustainably.

We keep the boiler room in the basement and change the basement into an exhibition to show the plants.

Ground Floor

To connect the building with the All Saint park and the backyard, we open the ground floor to the public. And we set up a garden on the ground floor for people to enjoy.

First Floor

The first floor is used as a reading room and workshops.

Second Floor

We place the open and individual lab for our target users on the second floor to investigate the plant on the roof.

Third Floor

We also place the open and individual lab for our target users on the third floor to investigate the plant on the roof.

Roof Floor

Finally, the roof floor is used as an experimental field to plant the plants and vegetables for the lab students to have research.

2.7 ELEVATIONS

The building elevation on this page shows the combination of our project with the original Righton building and the degree of correspondence with the surrounding buildings. As well as teaching the building materials we use, the traditional brick building materials and modern glass show that this plan is a combination of conventional classical architectural style and modernist architecture. Through the building elevation, we also show the degree of green roof coverage, echoing our concept of combining with nature.

Glass handrial Concrete

Glass facade

Terracotta White glazed brick Red brick

+ 19.8 m

+ 13.3 m

+ 9.3 m

+ 4.7 m

+ 0.0 m

Scale 1:250 in A3 page

0 1

10 m

2.8 SECTIONS & CIRCULATION

Experiemental Field

Roof

19.8m

Laboratory

13.3m Laboratory

9.3m

Workshop

4.7m

Public Garden

0.0m

Exhibition Space

-1F

-3.6m

New Structure Old Structure

2.8 SECTIONS & CIRCULATION

Experiemental Field

16.9m

Laboratory

13.3m

Laboratory

9.3m

Workshop

4.7m

Public Garden

0.0m

Exhibition Space

-1F

-3.6m

New Structure Old Structure

Chapter 3 Construction

rial and h f Roo

3.0 STRUCTURE & TECTONIC DRAWINGS

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This page is divided into an explosion analysis chart on the left and tectonic drawings on the right. It shows the various parts of the project in detail: the structure of the roof garden to the material and structure of the laboratory, the materials and combinations of the atrium part, the structure of the floor, the composition of the two core tubes, the structure of the basement, etc. The detail picture on the right shows the details of the roof garden, the details of the glass curtain wall, and the strategy used to reinforce the columns.

uilt ly-b ls New in Wal ta r u C Structure

aca

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Tectonic

Orig

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uilt ly-b New de a Fac

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Co inal

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3.1 CONSTRUCTION SEQUENCE Original Brief

Stage1 Demolish the partion Wall

Stage2 Remove the valuable stair

Roof Floor

Stage3 Adding new strucure system and strengthen

First Floor First Floor

First Floor

Partition Wall

Ground Floor

Reserve Facade

Reserve Facade Partition Wall

Reserve Facade

First Floor

Basement Basement

Ground Floor Basement

Basement

New Column Strengthen

Stage4 Adding

new

core

Stage5 Adding new Floor

Stage6 Adding new beam to support the landscape

trasportation

Reserve Facade

New Floor As Lab

Roof Landscape Beam

Stage7 Place our experiment terrace on the beam and enjoy

Roof Landscape

New Transportation Core

First Floor Ground Floor Basement

Third Floor

Second Floor

First Floor Ground Floor

Basement

There are seven main processes to reuse the structure and adding a new use for the building. Step one is demolishing the partition wall of the original building. Step two is to remove the valuable stair to the basement. Step 3 is adding a new column and strengthen the original columns to support the new floor and landscape. Step 4 is adding new transportation core to figure out vertical communication. Step 5 is to adding a new beam to the new column to support the roof garden. And finally, place the garden on the beam and here we are.

3.2 ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS The environmental analysis mainly demonstrates the use of this scheme for sunlight and natural ventilation. Two sets of ventilation systems are set up inside the building according to the different functions and needs: one for the laboratory and one for the indoor public area.

Daylight& Illumination

Natural Ventilation

Ventilation System

3.3 FIRE REGULATIONS This section is base on the fire regulation to examine whether the new design can meet with the requirements.

Basement

Ground Floor

First Floor

Second Floor

Third Floor

RIBA Plan of Work 2020

Core Statutory Processes

Preparation and Briefing

Concept Design

Spatial Coordinationt

Technical Designt

Manufacturing and Construction

The best means of achieving the Client Requirements confirmed

Project Brief approved by the client and confirmed that it can be accommodated on the site.

Architectural Concept approved by the client and aligned to the Project Brief

Architectural and engineering information Spatially Coordinated

All design information required to manufacture and construct the project completed

used to ensure that the client’s Business Case and the Strategic Brief have been properly considered before the Initial Project Brief is developed.

Several significant and parallel activities need to be carried out during Stage 1 to ensure that Stage 2 Concept Design is as productive as possible, which contains two categories

During Stage 2, the initial Concept Design is produced in line with the requirements of the Initial Project Brief. The project team also develops, in parallel with the Concept Design, a number of Project Strategies. Their importance at this stage will depend on how they are to influence the Concept Design.

During this stage, the Concept Design is further developed and, crucially, the design work of the core designers is progressed until the spatial coordination exercises have been completed. (This process may require a number of iterations of the design and different tools may be used, including design workshops.)

The architectural, building services and structural engineering designs are now further refined to provide technical definition of the project and the design work of specialist subcontractors is developed and concluded.

During this stage, the building is constructed on site in accordance with the Construction Programme.Construction includes the installation of components that have been fabricated off site.

Strategic appraisal of Planning considerations

Source pre-application Planning Advice Initiate collation of health and safety Pre-construction Information

Obtain pre-application Planning Advice Agree route to Building Regulations compliance Option: submit outline Planning Application

Review design against Building Regulations Prepare and submit Planning Application

Submit Building Regulations Application Discharge pre-commencement Planning Conditions Prepare Construction Phase Plan Submit form F10 to HSE if applicable

Carry out Construction Phase Plan Comply with Planning Conditions related to construction

State Outcome

Core Tasks

Strategic Definition

Manufacturing, construction and Commissioning completed

Handover

Building handed over, Aftercare initiated and Building Contract concluded

The project team’s priorities during this stage will be facilitating the successful handover of the building in line with the Project Programme and, in the period immediately following, concluding all aspects of the Building Contract, including the inspection of defects as they are rectified or the production of certification required by the Building Contract. Comply with Planning Conditions as required

3.4 RIBA PLAN OF WORK

Use

Building used, operated and maintained efficiently

With an over a hundred years old history, Righton Building has a very long historical value to invertigate and base on the root of the historiy, we think we will have a more understanding of the building from the past to the present.

This is a new stage within the RIBA Plan of Work. It acknowledges the potential benefits of harnessing the project design information to assist with the successful operation and use of a building.

Comply with Planning Conditions as required

Information Exchange

Month 0

24 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 State

3.5 CONCLUSION This semester ‘s project shows our renovation plan towards the Righton building based on Manchester Metropolitan University’ masterplan. The concept is divided into three lines: stimulate creativity, promote communication, and maintain environmental friendliness. We want to focus on the combination of architecture and nature environment and emphasis on sustainable development. To begin with, we have done many pieces of research on the existing building, which has historical value and an excellent location inside the MMU campus. In Chapter 0, the studies covered analysis on building components, history, surroundings, regulations and SWOT (strength, weakness, opportunities, threats of the site. In Chapter 1, we focus on the requirement of the site and explore the adaptive reuse, sustainable architecture and biophilic architecture which related to our concept. In Chapter 2, based on the target users’ majors – geography & environment, biological science and food nutrition, we set our design aims which are design makerspaces which could satisfy the users’ demand. In the development of the design strategy, we used not only traditional analysis of existing cases and data but also used parametric tools to control the architectural proposal. We explored how to introduce nature into buildings so that they can undergo unusual chemical reactions and combine well. We studied how to better stimulate the creativity of the users through the design of the architectural space. We also thought about how to rejuvenate this classic building and attract more people to visit and study here, to promote different Interpersonal communication in different areas of the discipline. In Chapter 3, we considered and practised the structure, construction, environmental strategy and other directions required by the building plan, and show our project better through the way of illustration. We wish the project could be put into practice, so we show our consideration towards structure and tectonic details. The attention on old building structure and the new structure is shown through the detail drawing and construction sequence diagrams. We estimated the whole working process of 23.5 weeks by using the RIBA plan of work. Through the design proposal, we learnt to research on the existing buildings based on limited information. We try to use parametric tools to control the building components and use environment tools to test the building performance. Although this kind of control did not cover all the details, we hope in the future study we could make progress on this and better convey of our design idea.