JAKARTA STUDY OF GREEN, BLUE SOCIAL SPACES

Page 1

Jakarta

Jawa Sea

DKI JAKARTA

Jakarta Bay North

Coordinates 6°12′S 106°49′E West

Special Capital Region Capital of Indonesia

Overview

Tropical Monsoon Climate Annual Rainfall 1855 mm South

DKI Jakarta Scale 1:200,000

e

49 (7 ,1 0% 63 )

28 5, 20 24 13 5)

2 (6 01 6. 4 6%

)

(4 77 , 2 (6 01 2% 0 )

2 (9 01 ,6 0 07 ,7 87 ) 20 (1 1 0, 3 (8 2 09 .4 01 0, 7% 4 30 ) 1) 2 (1 03 2, 0 47 5, 16 0) (2 .7 20 m 14 ill ) 2 (1 03 7, 0 76 2)

2 (1 01 5, 3 23 4)

(12)

(10)

(13)

ce

ce

nt

c

eo f ne G d i re n

tt ur

to

sp

en

or

ts

0. 43 (4 (4 12 .0 ,7 9% 9 0 ) )

0. 38

ll,

1989

eD K PO I J ST a 20 ka 04 rta

JA K

AR TA

25.9%

2004

sou

10

ent desi gnated mni.tu-b er

www.alu

(33)

(34)

10-25 m2

28 m2

3.0%

16

.4

2.5 m2/p

7 m2/p

944 million m3

km

30

(38)

0.7-1.1m

(m)

min 6.5m

Jakarta (14) “Urban Development & Spatial Planning of Greater Jakarta”. Wilmar Salim, Forum Komunikasi Pembangunan. 2013 (15) Bappenas Tata Kota (16) BPS DKI Jakarta, 2004 (17) “Tingkat kemiskinan di DKI Jakarta”. Jakarta.go.id. 2013 (18) Susenas. BPS. 2014 (19) Indonesian Politics in Crisis the long Fall of Suharto 1996-1998 (20) State of World’s Citites 2008/2009; Harmonious Cities. UN Habitat (21) UN Habitat. 2002 (22) Rencana Kerja Pemerintah Daerah (RKPD) 2015 (23) “Rich Benefit Most From RI’s Growth”. The Jakarta Post. 2014 (24) Mega Urban Regions in Pacific Asia: Urban Dynamics in A Global Era (25) Rencana Tata Ruang Jakarta 2007 (26) “With a Daytime Population of 12 Million, Jakarta is Overpopulated”. The Jakarta Post. 2011 (27) “Berapa Juta Jumlah Penduduk Jakarta”. www.merdeka. com. 2014

(~0.3%)

Non access. Green

(~1.24%)

Agriculture, Mangroves

2003

(~8.3%)

City Parks include public recreational parks, city forest, zoo and university campus. Non accessible green areas include golf courses, cemetaries and amusement parks. Agriculture, mangroves, wetlands and uncultivated land.

9.1%

INDUSTRY 1.5%

Direct access to fresh water

SUPPLY

< 25% of ppl

0.13% 0.11%

16.93%

3.67% 0.02%

RESIDENCE/ COMMERCIAL 90%

10.91%

28.72% Unprotected well Rain River

Pacakaged water Refilled water Drilled well pump Subscribed water Retailed water Protected well

SOURCE : Badan Pusat Statistik DKI jakarta

0.11$

1

5

10 km

Public

0.86%

99.73%

(rivers, lakes & reservoir)

Private

0.27%

(golf course lakes, pond in farms)

Clean drinking water sources Not Clean drinking water sources

Northern area of Jakarta Existing ground surface

98.13%

SANITATION

1.87%

Private Public

POOR HOUSEHOLDS & PUBLIC HOSPITALS

excessive ground water absorption

sea water intrusion

LAND SUBSIDENCE

-2

is is Cr

i )

sqm

Interstitial Space

Park & Promenade

Shopping Mall

ce:

sour

563 km²

n

latio

with

u calc self

20.5 km²

Park & Promenade

(1

6.3 km²

12

sqm

y ar

4

Jo E ko (2 ra w 0

n tio

01

source: Jakarta in Figure 1990-2014 & Google earth

ll ShoppinrgInteMrna Research (2014) ational Indonesia -

0.2 km²

source: Collie

7%

3%

2013

Motorcycles

3.0 million

Pessanger Cars

0.6 million

Cargo Cars

0.3 million

Buses

173 malls

Interstitial Space

2014

51 km²

0.6%

Park & Promenade

Shopping Mall

89% 11.9 million

4.1 km²

Percentage of Social Space

11 malls

368 km²

sqm

p a in Figur U t l Bui Jakart

on 7) e t

e

0.4

2

14 a 0-20 e 9 9 r A e1

99

ac

e1 99 0

M

Sp

Co B ns (1 o tr 99 o uc m 0)

ial

Social Space per Capita 5

City Parks & Promenade Shopping Malls

Mobility 27.7

48,8 km2

15.9

41,5 km2

11.9

Road area

47,6 km2

18.0

Vehicles Area

Source : Jakarta in Figures 2000-2014

28,5 km2

7.2

Rise in sea level

After land subsidience

SOURCE : http://www.auick.org/database/apc/apc021/apc02103.html SOURCE :DKI JAKARTA DALAM ANGKA 2012

WATER TARIFF USD

tit

(28) Susenas September 2013, Maret dan September 2014 (29) “Indikator Makro Ekonomi Sosial DKI Jakarta 2009-2011”. BPS DKI Jakarta (30) Self Calculation from Total Number of Poor People / Total Population in 2013 (31) “Decent Work in Jakarta: An Integrated Approach”. International Labour Organization. 2012 (32) BPS Provinsi DKI Jakarta, 2012 (33) “Permukiman Kumuh di Wilayah Jakarta Timur”. Bogor Agricultural University (34) Peraturan Gubenur Provinsi DKI Jakarta No.11/2007 Tanggal 15 Januari 2007 (35) “Persentase Rumah Tangga Menurut Luas Lantai”. BPS DKI Jakarta 2013 (36) Household Composition. Pemerintah Provinsi DKI Jakarta (37) Self Calculation based on House Area / Household Size (38) “Rekayasa Lalu Lintas”. Institut Teknologi Padang

2.5%

Total surfac e water of D KI Jakarta

38.64%

ers

30 m2/p

source: Beb an Berat Ja karta

OTHERS 5.8%

so u wi rce : th se Jaka lf c alc rta i ula n F tio igu r n

12.3 m2/p

2013

sq

SURFACE W ATER

AGRICULTURE 2%

Int

> 120 m2

total land area 664sqkm

2007

RIVERS

250 km²

(34)

20-49 m2 (36)

(1) National Land Agency; Jakarta Census Bureau of Statistics (2) Statistik Daerah BPS Provinsi DKI Jakarta. 2013 (3) Master Plan National Capital Integrated Coastal Development (NCICD). 2014 (4) “Penggunaan Lahan & Evolusi Penggunaan Lahan di Prov DKI Jakarta”. Universitas Pattimura. Jurnal Agroforestri. 2010 (5) “Luas RTH di Jakarta Belum Bertambah Signifikan”. Kompas.com. 2014 (6) Jakarta Dalam Angka 1997,1999 ,2001,2004,2006,2009,2011,2014. BPS Provinsi DKI Jakarta (7) Statistics for DWI. 2010 (8) “Keadaan Tenagakerjaan di DKI Jakarta Agustus 2014. BPS Provinsi DKI Jakarta 2014 (9) “Unemployment & Underemployment in Indonesia 1976-2000: Paradoxes & Issues”. 2004 (10) “Beban Berat Jakarta”. Kompas (11) Statistics Indonesia. Bps.go.id (12) Statistik Daerah BPS Provinsi DKI Jakarta, 2013 (13) 2014 Rencana Detail Tata Ruang - Peraturan Zonasi. Pemerintah Provinsi Daerah Khusus Ibukota

-1900.pdf

n

WETLAND

1990

(35)

4 people in average

(33)

City Parks

tio

LAKES

New Parks

12.0

Below Flyover

Car Free Day

Street Festival

8.3

3.5 2006

2005 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

2008

2011

2005

2013

2014

119

146

2008

1996

1998

76.10

77.97

Healthcare

ENVIRONMENT Safety

SOCIAL

GINI

2002

nt e m p

GDP

dex

in

Income

elo l dataset v e n d ia regiona a m es Hu don : In

VE DI

75.6

Liveability

2011

E

ed tren d

s

ise r C cial n a l Fin a b Glo

Political stable

Pollution

Culture

ECONOMIC Cost of living

Transportation Recreate

IT RS

RCE

SOU

Y

1999

72.50 What we need?

Strategic Flood Masterplan

Increase drainage capacity of river network

Strategic Moves

Quality of life

Anti Chinese violence

Liveability Concept

Solve solid waste and pollution problem

Preserve and create green areas as floodplains

make Jakarta likeable

Just and fair

INHERITABLE

SOURCE : Patterns of Collective Violence in Indonesia (1990-2003)

Rethink Green Policies

Education

C

Assum

Hygiene

TI

:/

tp : ht E C R SOU

Ecologic

HE

19

HDI

ST

98

142

M

LE

1990

AY

2005

Ri

ra y t i al c b o l gg n i v f li o / y t i .com l r e a c er Qu w.m /ww

HAPPINESS

BL EA LIV

A 7 9 is 9 1 ris C

s ot

g nkin

AB

n

a si

Fi

AE

l

a ci

n na

2014

Source : Departemen Perhubungan, DIrektorat Jenderal Perhubungan Darat (2005), Kebjakan Hemat BBM

Source : Jakarta in Figures 2004-2014 Vehicle space assumption : car - 6,8m2 , motorcycle - 1,2m2 , Bus - 24m2h

Source : Jakarta in Figures 2000-2014

2013

Average Speed on the Road (km/h)

Road Area Compared to Vehicle Area

Total Numbers of Vehicle (million units)

2010

SU ST AI N

Blue Space

(32)

Household Size (people)

9.9%

Green S paces in ion/ABZ Land Us /PDF/TU I/60/suk e Plan amto_tu i_60.pdf

lin.de/fi leadmin

s n Co oom B

1.60$

(31)

2009

/Redakt

HOTELS, HIGHRISE BUILDINGS, BANKS & FACTORIES

+0.01%

2,727 (4.12%)

House Area (m2)

source: D.E . Herwindia ti, S. M. Isa http://www , D. .iaeng.org/p ublication/W Arisandi 2013 CE2011/WC E2011_pp1 895

Governm

https://

CONSUMPTION/ DEMAND 2013

+1.28%

2014

14.7%

13.9%

1992

4.0%

+1.29%

(29)

43

2004

2000

c

(29)

2013

rtah.htm a k a J the_ric ses93i/n r u mong_ A o C Gonlefsia.org/II_Feb_ f o r e b .watchindo Nurcm w e: ww

16

u tr

(29)

source: https://agungwah.files.wordpress.com/2014/02/jkt_landsat8_2013.jpg source: http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/IOTD/view.php?id=5693

1993

1990

20

14

20

13

20

12 20

11

20

10 20

20

09

(18)

08 20

07

20

06

20

05

20

04 20

(22)

47.67%

ac

ha

1983

Green Space

(4 (4 07 .5 ,0 7% 0 0 ) )

0. (2 32 (3 94 .4 ,0 2% 0 0 ) ) 03

20

02 20

01

20

00

20

99

19

98

earlier

Sp

35.37%

Different types of vegetated areas in Jakarta

0 9 19 oom B

ag

:C ity for es

19

96

19

95

19

94

19

93

19

19

0. 42 3 92

19

91

19

90

19

ur

Co

n

(17)

(17)

(16)

(23)

tio

u tr

ns

24% Pe r

97

(16)

0. 30 5 88 19

(2 (2 84 .9 ,7 % 0 ) 9)

(2 0. 36 (2 15 .4 ,7 3 % 0 ) 0)

(6 03 (7 ,25 .8 5 % ) )

Poor Population (people & %) Gini Coefficient (21)

(29)

51,720 (78.1%)

Road Width

(10)

2 (1 00 3, 5 66 8)

(14)

(29)

(m2/p)

2 (1 01 (4 3, 0 8, 15 95 7 2) )

2 (1 00 (> 1, 0 40 22 ,0 1) 00 )

1 (1 99 (> 0, 0 40 75 ,0 0) 00 ) (14)

(29)

(30)

+4.7%

House (37) Area/ person

(27)

(26)

(10)

1985

Population Growth

$54.9

(28)

16.96%

Coverage

(10)

(10)

(29)

$20.4

(29)

(%)

(13)

(2 .5 20 m 11 ill )

(2 .1 20 m 07 ill )

(1 20 m 01 ill )

(24)

Population Density (people/km2) Max Population Density

(12)

(10)

(25)

(29)

(8)

(1 20 1% 10 )

2 (8 00 ,5 5 40 ,3 06 )

2 (8 00 ,3 0 84 ,8 53 )

(people)

(19)

4.09%

(%)

)

2 (5 00 4. 5 6%

(1 2 5. 00 8% 5 )

(7)

Transit Population

(19)

$9.8

Population

(10)

(10)

(20)

L In ow co m

Sl um

(9 61 2. ,11 3% 9 )

(8 57 6. ,06 3% 3 ) 97 1, 20 25 07 5) (3 32 ,

38 1, 20 40 01 7)

1 (9 99 ,1 5 12 ,6 52 )

1 (8 99 ,2 0 59 ,6 39 )

(11)

(10)

(28)

(USD/ person.day)

(8)

(7)

Total Population

(15)

$1.26

(ha & %) (year)

(1 19 1% 97 )

(% , age 15+)

(people)

Income

(5)

(9)

Un-Employment

M In e codiu m m e H In ig co h m e

70 ,2 33

Demographic Vs House Typologies

(3)

(2)

(7)

(7)

Employment (% , age 15-64)

10km

(1USD=IDR12,000)

(2 37 ,

(5 7, 38 0, 19 51 98 7)

(5 1, 10 6, 19 46 93 0)

(mill. rupiah, constant ‘93) (mill. rupiah, constant ‘00)

Density Demographic

66 ,2 33

(Recovery)

(Inequality)

Phase 3

Phase 4

(Global Crisis)

Phase 1

GDP

Economy Population

(4)

(Economic Boom) 1 (6 99 9, 7 54 3, 44 6)

(8 54 2. ,50 1% 5 )

(1)

(6)

so

5

(2)

(1)

$

Phase 2

(1)

3 (6 9,7 1. 34 5% )

Land

(1)

(ha & %)

66 ,4 32

64 ,6 53

Land Area (ha) Built Up Area

Social Space

East

One of most Populous urban agglomeration in the world 1

Challenges

Central

TOP

3

ENVIRONMENTAL RISKS

240 sqkm of northern jakarta is below sea level 47% of total land area gets flooded every year

FLOOD

80% of surface water is polluted and not suitable for any use 98% of ground water is below standard of quality and contaminated WATER POLLUTION

Reduce Slums

4m of landsubsidence from 1970 to 2014 Every year the land sinks for 0.7cm

What we want to achieve?

Flood Resilience

Healthy Environment

Social Equality

LAND SUBSIDENCE

Trajectories | Stage 1 | Group 1 | Adelia, Bernd, Jade, Ram, Steven | Interim Presentation 09.02.2015


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