Edinburgh Booklet by rbenlliu

TRAVEL

GUIDE

2008 EDINBURGH

1st Batxillerat March 2008 IES Les Corts

Table of Contents A bit of history

- Past history

- Contemporary history

- Famous people

Getting Around

- Sightseeing & Landmarks

- Maps

- Shopping areas, timetables, pricesâ&#x20AC;Ś

- The surroundings

Travellerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s tips

- The time

- The weather

- The language

- Currency

- Measures & weights

- Telephoning

- Useful addresses

- Food: meal times, typical food

Customs & Celebrations

A BIT OF HISTORY

PAST HISTORY Celts and Romans The Romans reached at and they encountered The Votadinii controlled based themselves at Edinburgh Castle). The Romans conquered on a day to day basis

what is now Iveresk in AD 79 the Celtic tribe of Votadinii. the Forth River valley and Dunedin (what is now their territory and they mixed with the locals.

The first United Scotland By the sixth century four Kingdoms had developed in what is now Scotland; • To the North, the Picts, • To the far West, the Scots • To the West, the Britons • To the South-East, the Angles. For the next two of hundred years these four kingdoms struggled. In the 9th century the King of Dalraida (Kenneth MacAlpin) fought to create something like a united Scotland. His grandson, Duncan I, became the first King of Scotland in 1035. Medieval and Renaissance Edinburgh At this time, although the Scottish origin was in the north, the king Malcom III (greatgrandson of Duncan I) decided to build the castle of Edinburgh (the oldest building in the city) on the south of Scotland. During the Wars of Independence Edinburgh Castle was captured by the English until Robert the Bruce's nephew, Thomas Randolph, daringly recapture it. Robert granted Edinburgh a Royal Charter in 1329. Edinburgh was established as the capital of Scotland at the end of 14th century. It grew in population. In 1488, when king James VI inherited the throne, the Scots lost all the political power, and the royal court moved to London, although they continued having the parliament. The Act of Union in 1707, brought England and Scotland under one parliament, one sovereign and one flag, although preserved the independence of the Scottish Church and legal system. The wealthy Scottish merchants and stockholders thought that was the most lucrative way to develop markets in the colonies. Although the political power declined, its cultural and intellectual life flourished, and the city prospered. During this period of time, called “Enlightenment” (between 1707-1830), the city became one of the more beautifully built cities. The New Town is the name given to the area where you can visit houses and buildings dating from that period of time. The Industrial Revolution There were perhaps a million people in Scotland at the beginning of the 18th century. By the beginning of the 19th century there were more than 1.5 million, and by the turn of the 20th century the population exceeded 4.5 million. The manufacturing towns showed

spectacular increases. Hundreds of thousands of Irish emigrants went to Scotland in the 19th century. Part of the overall increase was the result of improved medical care that had lessened the ravages of epidemic diseases by the mid-19th century.

World War I World War I had a great effect on Scottish society; 74,000 Scots were killed and industry mobilized as never before in a coordinated national effort. Clyde shipbuilding and engineering were crucial, and Clydeside was the key munition centre in Britain. In retrospect, however, the expansion of heavy industry in the 1920s was in fact an overexpansion. The collapse of the wartime boom in 1920 began a period of economic depression in Britain, in which Scotland was one of the worst-affected regions. World War II During World War II Scotland suffered some 34,000 combat deaths, and approximately 6,000 civilians were killed, many in air attacks on Clydeside. In 1943 Tom Johnston, a Labour member of Parliament who acted as secretary of state for Scotland in the wartime national government, helped to create the North of Scotland Hydro-Electric Board, which was one of the most successful government agencies of the period. The establishment of a Scottish Parliament The Labour party won a landslide victory in the general British elections of May 1997. Immediately the Labour government of Tony Blair called a referendum for establishing a Scottish Parliament with a broad range of powers. The referendum passed with more than 74 percent of voters in favour. Devolution has permitted Scotland to develop distinctive policies, such as on financial support for students and land reform, while in the cultural sphere the establishment of a National Theatre of Scotland filled a gap in the artistic landscape.

CONTEMPORANY HISTORY Edinburgh has been the capital city of Scotland since 1437 and is the site of the present Scottish government. The Old Town and New Town district were named by the UNESCO as Patrimony of the Humanity in 1995. Edinburgh has approximately 448.624 inhabitants. Climate

Like most Scotland, Edinburgh has a moderate marine climate, which is calmed considering its latitude north. The proximity with the sea mitigates any considerable variation that affects the climate or the temperature. The winters are calm and temperature is rarely below 0 ÂşC. And the summers are relative fresh, with average temperatures of 13 ÂşC. Given the position of Edinburgh between the coast and the mountains itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s a city with winds. The winds from southwest are associated with warm and unstable winds that give rain possibilities. And the winds from the east are usually drier but cold. Economy Edinburgh has been a rich city since 1999, when the Scottish Parliament moved to there. The unemployment level is one of the shortest and the new works level is one of the tallest of the country. The population of Edinburgh has increased because there are many new people coming from United Kingdom or other places. Sectors of service, tourism, education and investigation on new technology are very important for the economy of Edinburgh. Another important thing that is done in Edinburgh is the alcoholic fermentation, a traditional industry. Edinburgh is the most popular city for tourists in Scotland. Thanks to the expansion of the Airport and the train connections that connect the city with the rest of the country. Government and politics Edinburgh is the point of the national and government. The Scottish Parliament and some important buildings of government are in the city. This administrated by three levels of government; 1. The town hall 2. The Scotch Parliament 3. The Parliament of the United Kingdom.

local city

Local government Edinburgh is one of the 32 subdivisions of Scotland and as such it has a local government who is composed by two governmental branches, the legislative and the executive. The legislative branch has 58 representatives who represent a different district. In the executive branch there is the Mayor or Lord Provost. Scottish parliament Edinburgh has six representatives to the Scottish Parliament, representing the Scottish electoral city councils of, 1. North and Leith Edinburgh, 2. Central Edinburgh, 3. East Edinburgh and Musselburgh, 4. Edinburgh Pentlands, 5. South Edinburgh

6. West Edinburgh. British parliament In the House of the Common ones, the city is represented by the five British electoral city councils, with elect members under the system of direct representation. The city council of Central Edinburgh let exist by electoral reconstruction in the 2005 and it was divided between the other city councils with exception of South Edinburgh. Related cities

These are Edinburgh twin towns: • Munich, Germany. • Florence, Italy • Nice, France • Vancouver, Canada • Kiev, Ukraine • Aalborg, Denmark • San Diego, the USA. • Dunedin, New • Cracow, Poland. • Xi'an, China • Segovia, Spain.

Zealand.

FAMOUS PEOPLE

Graham Bell He was born the 3rd of May in 1847 as the inventor of the telephone, but an Italian inventor, was who invented Bell was a good inventor and the National Geographic Society in He died in 1922 in Canada. Sr.

Thomas

in Edinburgh. Every body knows him it isn’t true! In fact, Antonio Meucci, the telephone. Alexander Graham scientists. He was the President of 1898.

Sean Connery

This famous actors was born the 25th of August in 1930 in Edinburgh. He’s an Oscar winning. He’s known for the original cinematic James Bond and for his trademark Scottish accent. He began his theatrical career as an extra and modeling. He had a lot of jobs, including truck diver, labourer, artist’s model for the Edinburgh College art, lifeguard and so on.

Anthony Charles Linton Blair This politician was born the 6th of passed his childhood in Durham but was fourteen. After that he went to Prime Minister of UK since the 2nd Party sine 1994 to 2007 and since 1983 to 2007. He was elected the sudden death of his only person to have led the labour election victories.

May in 1953 in Edinburgh. He he returned to Edinburgh when he Oxford to study law. He served as of May of 1997, leader of the labour Member of Parliament for Sedgefield leader of the labour Party following predecessor, John Smith. He’s the Party to three consecutive general

Sir Arthur Ignatius Conan

Doyle

Conan Doyle was a Scottish about the detective Sherlock Professor Challenger. He was include science fiction stories, romans poetry and non-fiction.

author most noted for his stories Holmes and for the adventures of a prolific writer whose other works historical novels, plays and

Arthur was born on 22 May 1859 Edinburgh. He studied medicine at the University of Edinburgh and he also began writing short stories; his first published story appeared in Chamber’s Edinburgh Journal before he was 20. His first significant work was “A study in Scarlet”, which appeared in Beeon’s Christmas Annual for 1887 and featured the first appearance of Sherlock Holmes (in total nine).

He died of a heart attack on 7 July 1900. There is a statue of Sherlock Holmes in Picardy Place, Edinburgh.

J.K. Rowling Joanne Murray, who writes under the pen name J.K. Rowling, is a British author of the Harry Potter fantasy series. The Potter books have gained worldwide attention, won multiple awards and sold nearly 400 million copies. They have been translated into 65 languages. Before publishing his first book, her publisher Bloomsbury feared that the target audience of young boys might be reluctant to buy books written by a female author. It requested that Rowling used two initials and chose for Kathleen, her paternal grandmother She completed her first novel (Harry Potter and the Philosopherâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Stone) in Edinburgh, where her sister lives.

Robert Louis (Balfour) Stevenson Robert was born on 13 of December in 1894. Stevenson writer, and a leading in English literature.

November in1850, and died on 3 was a Scottish novelist, poet, travel representative of Neo-romanticism

He prepared himself for a law career but never practiced. He travelled frequently, partly in search of better climates for his weak lungs (possibly due to tuberculosis), which contributed to his death at the age 44. His most important novels are: - Treasure Island (1883): his first major succes, atale of piracy, buried treasure and adventure, has been filmed frequently. Its most famous character, Long John Silver, has even given his name to a chain of restaurants. -

The Black Arrow: Atale of the Two Roses (1883) an historical adventure novel and romance set during the wars of the Roses.

Prince Otto (1885)

Kidnapped (1886)

GETTING AROUND

SIGHTSEEINGS AND LANDMARKS The Saint Giles Cathedral The Saint Giles Cathedral It has a hollow and rounded of Edinburgh. It was constructed in honour to

began to be constructed in 1120. dome that is visible from any part

Scotland and France, against

the same enemy, England.

St. Giles, a French saint, allied of

In St. Giles there have been revolts, celebrations and executions. Also, it burned and had to be restored and, because of it, there are important structural changes.

What to see in St. Gilles Cathedral The engravings in St Giles have much details and they show topics related to Scotland. The most beautiful of the building they are the stained glass windows in the large windows. John Knox's statue in St. Giles transmits an extraordinary sensation of energy and faith. The enormous organ: With its 4.000 pipes it is one of those of major quality in Europe. When to visit St. Giles St. Giles is nice when the beams of the Sun cross its windows. If you want to see the light entering the windows, visit the Cathedral between 11 a.m. and the 16 pm (during the summer). The visitors have to donate 1 pound to enter Price: The entry is free, but it is possible to do a donation of 3 pounds. Address: High Street, EH1 1RE, Edinburgh Telephone: 0131 225 9442 and 0044 131 225 9442

Edinburgh Castle. It was built in 1367. It is extinct volcano and it the favourite residence of the you can see the best view of Opening times: Open all year

situated over a nucleus of an dominates the entire city. It was Scottish kings. From the castle the city in every direction. 7 days a week.

1 April to 31 October: 9.30 am - 6.00 pm -Last admission 5.15 pm 1 November to 31 March: 9.30 am â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 5.00 pm -Last admission: 4.15 pm

Closed Christmas Day (25th December) and Boxing Day (26th December). Admission cost: Adults £11.00 Children £5.50

National portrait gallery It is a red sandstone Gothic building built between 1885 and 1890. It provides a unique visual history of Scotland. It explores the lives of great Scots, past and present. It was the first purpose-built portrait gallery of the world. The collection includes masterpieces of European and American portraits as well as some of the greatest portraits by Scottish artists. Scottish National Gallery of Modern Art When opened in 1960, the collection was held at the Royal Botanic Gardens. In 1980 it moved to its current home: a Neo Classical building In 2002 the front lawn was converted into the giant "Landform". The sculpture is said to be inspired by the chaos theory. In 2004 the gallery won the £100,000 prize for the Landform. The collection ranges from the 1990s to the present. Dean Gallery It was opened in 1999, opposite the Scottish National Gallery of Modern Art, which is its sister gallery. The building was originally an orphanage, designed in 1830. It contains a large collection of Surrealist art and literature. It is also used for temporary special exhibitions.

SHOPPING AREAS The most commercial street is different department store like

Princes St. where you can find a Jenner and Saint James Centre.

Jenner is the oldest offers a wide selection of price.

department store in Europe and quality merchandise at competitive

St. James Centre is divided in two parts, the shopping centre and house areas. It’s often voted the most disliked building in Scotland but it’s still a popular Edinburgh’s shopping centre. Another singular department store, the Oceans Terminal is a set high standards and its setting buy the sea is inspirational even, if the dockside could have been better exploited. Also in Edinburgh you can find little streets like Rose St. Broughton St. Saint Mary St. Victoria St. where you show alterative shops. Rose St. is a little road near than Princes St. and you can find Complements shops, alternative clothes and music, presents and remembers. Broughton St. is located at the east of Edinburgh’s city centre and is packed full of busy bars and selection of specialist shops. What’s makes it so different is how many people actually live, work and play in the street. Finally, Britain has thousands of outdoor markets, where you can find offers and sales making profit.

Clothing sizes Women’s clothing UK: 8 10 12 14 16 18 UE: 36 38 40 42 44 46 Women’s Shoes UK: 5 6 7 8 9 10 UE: 35 36 37 38 39 40

Men’s clothing UK: 35 36 37 38 39 40 UE: 46 48 50 52 54 56 Men’s shoes UK: 7 8 9 10 11 12 UE: 41 42 43 44 46 47

THE SURROUNDINGS The surroundings regions:

Edinburgh are divided in 3 sub-

East Lothian This is the sunniest part the approximately 40 Musselburgh. Here you activities for all the family.

of Scotland, where you can see miles of coastline in will find golden beaches and

In only one day and one night you can visit all of this region. In East Lothian you can visit different types of villages and cities. The main town, Haddington, is a beautiful place to walk in and take some photos or eat traditional dishes. There is a museum of flight for plane-lovers, where you can see the sophistication of the Concorde and how was possible to made it fly. (Concorde bookings telephone: 0870 421 4299) If you like sports, there are racecourses in Musselburgh. Horseracing is fun for all the family. (Telephone: 0131 665 2859) There is a centre of seabirds where you can explore the fascinating world of seals, marine wildlife and make studies of the environment, or only have fun. (Tel.01620 890202)

Midlothian This is a predominantly rural area, and the most mountainous part of the Central Lowlands. This region was full of mines, now you can visit them at the Scottish mining museum, a 5 stars visitor attraction which offers you a number of conferences, historical exhibitions and more recently weddings! (Tel: 0131 663 7519) If open spaces are preferred, then head for Dalkeith Country Park. There is a source, a river and a wonderful forest. Is dangerous to go there with children because it is full of wild animals like deer, foxes, different birdsâ&#x20AC;Ś

West Lothian Between de major cities of Glasgow and Edinburgh, West Lothian is perhaps most often viewed through car or train windows. In the ruined royal palace at Llinlithgow, you will find the most beautiful views. The palace is the birthplace of Mary, Queen of Scotland. You can go there with an special bus from Edinburgh, and if you are interested in the history, you can visit the museum, which it is near the palace. (Tel: 01506 842896) There are some activities there too, for sport-lovers you can go to the Union Canal to do a visit on a boat which is a replica of a Victorian boat! Gullane Bents A great setting for a peaceful stroll, this sandy beach is perfect location to admire spectacular sunsets and stunning views west to Edinburgh. Is very popular with surfers, and is just 20 miles from Edinburgh. It is also easy to reach by bus, a regular service running to Gullane from Edinburgh.

Yellowcraig This long sandy beach is popular with families and dog walkers. There is loads of space for children. If you prefer to take things at a more pace, you can take a gentle stroll along the sand, taking in the great views over the Island of Fidra. Cramond Edinburgh and easily popular choice with here to walk and cycle. At Cramond Island and careful as the changing

is a small beach, close to reached by car, Cramond is a Edinburgh residents who head low tide, you can cross the explore it, but you must be tides come in fast.

Longniddry Bents Longniddry Bents is a formidable sandy beach with 4.5Km long. Also it has some rock pools to explore and fine views to Edinburgh and the Forth Bridges. The area is also popular with wading birds, as the muddy sand is rich in invertebrate food.

Dirleton Dirleton is situated just two miles east of Gullane in East Lothian with a village green. This beautiful castle was built on the 13th-century and has a very romantic ruined view. A mile away is the wonderful Yellowcraigs beach, which overlooks the basalt island of Fidra.

Crichton Castle Crichton Castle is a large and sophisticated castle with a spectacular facade with an Italian Renaissance style, following a visit to Italy, by the Earl of Bothwell between 1581 and 1591. Mary Queen of Scots celebrate a wedding here. Visitors with a physical disability cannot access to high areas in the south and north floors. It has carved stonework around fireplaces and doorways. Parking is 550 metres away. In dry weather visitors with disabilities can be set down at the castle, but in wet weather the road is liable to flooding.

Tantallon Castle This wonderful castle dates of the 14th century and is set on the middle of the cliffs, looking out to the Bass Rock was a stronghold of the Douglas family. It has earthwork defences and a massive 50ft-high curtain wall with towers. Ground floor access only for visitors using wheelchairs, but the grounds can be explored. Refreshments are available in the visitor centre. Visitors can enjoy wild flowers in sun seasons. Parking: at site, includes visitor centre and ramped ticket office.

TRAVELLER’S TIPS

THE TIME Edinburgh, and the rest of UK and Ireland, follow Greenwich Mean Time in the winter, so they are an hour behind. In summer, Edinburgh follows the British Summer Time and they are an hour forward Therefore winter has four months long: Starts in December and finishes at the middle of summer The summer is finishes at the

four mid

months long: Starts in June and September.

The time in Autumn is time in Spring is like the

like the time in Winter and the time in Summer.

For example, in winter, Edinburgh is 12:44

when in Spain it is 13:44, in

THE WEATHER

MONTHS

TEMPERATURE IN ºF

TEMPERATURE IN ºC

January February March April May June July August September October November December

43-34 ºF 43-34 ºF 47-36 ºF 52-40 ºF 58-43 ºF 63-49 ºF 65-52 ºF 65-52 ºF 61-49 ºF 54-45 ºF 49-40 ºF 45-36 ºF

6-1 ºC 6-1 ºC 8-2 ºC 11-4 ºC 14-6 ºC 17-9 ºC 18-11 ºC 18-11 ºC 16-9 ºC 12-7 ºC 9-4 ºC 7-2 ºC

Temperatures in winter are below zero degrees, but the daylight hours are short that at any other time. Summer temperatures are normally moderate between 13 and 28 °C. In summer, daylight hours are long, and the evening more lengthy. As Edinburgh is between the coast and the hills, it is renowned as a windy city. Normally winds are dry and cold and affect the city from October to March.

THE LANGUAGE Old English, also called AngloSaxon English, is an early form of writing and speaking English. Anglo- Saxon English developed a lot between the mid-5th century and the mid-12th century. In Edinburgh people English but there are also different dialects.

English Scottish Know Ken Potatoes Tatties Edinburgh(old Auld smoky) Reekie Yes/always Aye Pie filled with Bridie meat, potatoes and onion Don’t Dinnae New Year’s EveHogmanay Church Kirk Town Burgh

Native speakers in Scotland and Ireland may use local words and expressions, and depending on the country or the city they speak with different accents. CURRENCY Britain's currency is the pound sterling, which is divided into 100 pence (100p). - Notes are issued in £50, £20, £10, and £5 values. - Coins are issued in £1, 50p, 20p, 10p, 5p, 2p, and 1p values. The current exchange rate is: Euro Zone = €1 = 0.69 The most important Royal Bank of Bank. Scots have got their accepted by any may have problems outside Scotland. Euros are only attractions and You can use credit widely accepted.

banks are: Bank of Scotland, the Scotland, and the Clydesdale own bank notes, that can be bank in the UK, although you to use them at certain places

accepted at some major hotels in Edinburgh cards: Visa and MasterCard are

Most city-centre banks have a change’s bureau for tourists. At weekdays, usual banking hours are 9:30-4:45. Banks can also be used to exchange currency, although it would be better to shop around for the best rates. Other Exchange Services International Currency Express -- Tel. 888 278 6628 Thomas Cook Currency Services -- Tel. 800 287 7362

MESURES & WEIGHTS In this chart you can see the most important equivalences between Edinburgh’s measures and weights and Spain

TELEPHONING The most important mobile phone companies offer you very good services to facilitate communication from abroad. If you want to phone from Edinburgh to Spain you must dial the prefix 0034 + the telephone number If you want to phone from Spain to Edinburgh you must dial the prefixes 0044 + the area code dropping to initial 0 + the telephone number. (The area code for Edinburgh is 0131) Phone your mobile phone company to make sure how to phone or receive phone calls from Edinburgh You will see 2 types of phone boxes in Scotland: one takes money and doesn’t give change, while the others accept prepaid phone cards. The minimum change is 20 p. You can buy phone cards at the post offices and at the newsagents’. £3, £5, £10, £20 If you don’t want to pay anything you can use “España Directo”, for collect, reverse-change calls to the company.

USEFUL ADDRESSES In this section you can find the most important places with the addresses and with their telephone numbers. But if you have any problem or emergency dial, 999 or 112 and ask for police, ambulance, fire brigade. No money is needed at public phones.

PLACE Hospitals

ADRESSES

TELEPHONE

Western General Hospital (WGH)

Western General Hospital Crewe Road South Edinburgh EH4 2XU

0131 537 1000

Edinburgh Airport (EDI) Edinburgh EH12 9DN Reino Unido

0870 040 007

Police Station West Main Street Bathgate EH48 3PZ

01501 731711

Airport Edinburgh Airport

Police Police Station

TRANSPORT TAXIS If you want a taxi it is better that you take it at a taxi rank, although you can hail in the street or order by phone (extra 60 p ) Taxis are fairly expensive The main local companies: Central Radio Taxis: 0131 229 24 68 Capital Taxis: 0131 228 25 55 BUSES The buses work 24 hours every day. The ticket costs 0.80 pences for 8 stops and 1 pound for more than 9 stops (2 pounds for night services). It is important to know about the fare to get the ticket at the exact cost. A daily ticket costs 2.3 pounds and the CitySingle, for 21 trips costs 20 pounds.

There are 2 main companies: Central Cycle Hire: 13 Lochrin Place 0131 228 63 33 Sandy Gilohrist Cycles: 1 Cadzow Place 0131 652 17 60 THE FOOD The Scottish and English menus are very similar. Scottish and English serve all kind of food witch chips or rice. Fish and potatoes are typical of Edinburgh’s cooking. Also coffee is very important In all the restaurants you can find fish, beer, salads and burgers to open lunch and dinner. The typical breakfast in Edinburgh is hot: featuring eggs, bacon, and sausages, accompanied by toast and tea or coffee. Many other grilled or fried tomatoes, black/white pudding, baked beans, fried sliced bread, various types of fried potatoes and mushrooms may be included depending on taste and location. However, many people instead reserve the full cooked breakfast for weekends, or go to a cafe for it nowadays. Breakfast is the most important meal in the day. The people who do not have time to have a complete breakfast eat, cereal with cold milk, toast with a variety of spreads such as butter, jam, marmalade, lemon curd, marmite, or peanut butter, fruit and yogurt. Porridge is also popular especially in Scotland and in the rest of Britain in the winter months. The typical lunch and dinner is very varied. Always to go with the food the people eat bread. Sometimes fish, other times meat or chicken but always with two courses and desserts: - First course: soup, pure, pasta, salad, pizza.. - Second course: chicken, meat, fish, sausage… This food served with rice, salad, potatoes, chips… - Desserts: Cake, strawberries with Vanilla Sugar, fruits, yogurt, bakery... People can drink a coffee, tea or another drink at the end. It’s typical in Edinburgh to take a tea or coffee with some biscuits, in the evening Also, people in Edinburgh eat vegetarian food. Edinburgh has popular vegetarian vegetarian and vegan food. There are lot kinds of sandwiches and main meals. Tasty vegetarian curries and Indian

food

and

special

buffet

style

they have a good price. They are food are also very popular.

A Typical dish in Edinburgh is the haggis. The haggis served with mashed potatoes. Although, there are many recipes, some of which used rosters of deer normally produced from lamb or sheep (lung, liver and heart) mixed with onions, oatmeal, herbs and spices, all within a sausage bag made from the stomach of the animal and cooked for several hours.

CUSTOMS & CELEBRATIONS

SCOTTISH CUSTOMS Scotland has a long history and has many traditions. The most typical features of the Scottish culture are their meals, clothes, music and sports. Drinks and meals Scottish people love drinking haggis. Haggis is a kind of pie. It lungs); minced with onion, mixed with stock, and; stomach for approximately three and potatoes and a dram (a most important thing of the knows which is the country it is probably a Scottish people appreciated.

whisky and the most typical meal is has sheep’s pluck (heart, liver and oatmeal, suet, spices, and salt; traditionally, boiled in the animal’s hours. It is often served with swede glass of Scottish whisky). But the Scottish culture is whisky. Nobody where whisky was discovered, but invention. For this reason it is much

Advice: They prefer drinking They never drink it with ice or frizzy drinks.

neat whisky or with some water.

Clothes The most representative cloth elements are kilts and its accessories: sporrans, belt, jacket, special footwear… Clothes are distinctive, smart, martial, formal and a national costume. It has the same origins as Tartan. Kilts are a kind of skirts which are striped and checked. They are usually worn by men on special days. Now, it can be worn by pipers and with a long piece of Tartan. Sporran is a pouch, made of leather or fur and it usually has silver or other ornamentation. The traditional kilts don’t have pockets; so, the sporrans serve as a wallet and container for any other necessary personals items. Tartan Tartan is a pattern consisting of crisscrossed horizontal and vertical bands in multiple colors. Tartans originally were made in woven cloth, but are now used in many other materials. Tartan is particularly associated with Celtic countries, especially Scotland. Scottish kilts quite often have tartan pattern.

Music Scottish music scene is a significant aspect of their culture. It has a traditional and a modern influence. The traditional Scottish instrument is the bagpipe; a wind instrument which has one or more pipes fed continuously by a reservoir of air in a bag. The fiddle ( a kind of violin) and are also traditional Scottish instruments. In Scotland, there bands too.

accordion are

dance

Sports Sports are an important element in the Scottish culture. Oceanic climate has played a key part in the evolution of the sports. In Scotland, like other countries, many people love playing and watching sports. There, the most popular games are football and rugby.

SCOTTISH FESTIVALS Festivals are a generic word used to describe the cultural display which takes place in the city in a year. Edinburgh is popular all over the world because of the number of festivals: more than 12 festivals in a year. Summer festivals The summer festivals take place in August. In this month, the city holds many art festivals: jazz blues festival, Military Tatto, International festival, fringe festival, book festival, politics and mela festivals. International and fringe festivals are the most important celebrations. The first one, is the longest a programme of theater performances, featuring theatre companies and fringe festival is the worldâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s events from the performing comedy. However, dance and events usually come from the contemporary ones.

established festival and centers on productions and classical music international directors, conductors, orchestras. On the other hand, the largest arts festival and attracts arts, particularly drama and music are also significant. Theatre classics of ancient Greece to

This celebration offers specials events, markets, fun fairs and stacks of things to see and do there in winter. The night before Christmas, an aerial reenactment of the Christmas poem takes place outside the Ocean Terminal Shopping Centre in Leith. People watch Santa sliding down the chimney and flying to the night sky. The event is going to be accompanied by a band, carols and fireworks. Edinburgh’s Hogmanay It takes place the last day of the year, 31 December. However, it is a celebration that ends the 1st of January (Ne’erday). This day, they practice fist-footing, which starts after midnight. This involves being the first person to cross the threshold of a friend or neighbour and the giving of symbolic gifts. By doing that, you’ll have good luck all the new year, so, it’s important that a suitable person does the job. Is preferred a tall, handsome and dark-haired man. If the man has bond or red hair, he will be unwelcoming as a woman. The Hogmanay custom demands singing Auld Lang Syne, a traditional poem. Another old custom is to celebrate it with the protection of the household and livestock. This is done with the smoke of burning trees and by drinking. Then, they sprinkle water from dead and living ford around the house. After that, the house is sealed and the burning tree carried though the house. Then they open all the windows and breathe fresh air of the new year. They start to have breakfast. Military tattoo Edinburgh Military Tattoo will It is the most spectacular show the Edinburgh Tattoo has been

take place from 1st - 23rd August. in the world. From its early days, an international favorite.

It is a spectacular parade of military bands, bagpipes and drums, acrobats, hostesses and exhibitions of motorcycles, all this with the impressive backdrop of the illuminated castle. Every spectacle is finished off with the impressively alone of bagpipes from the battlements.

GAMES Search the words:

•

During the Wars of _____________ Edinburgh Castle was captured by the English until Robert the Bruce's nephew.

•

Hundreds of thousands of Irish ___________went to Scotland in the 19th century.

•

____________ has approximately 448.624 inhabitants.

•

Antonio Meucci, an Italian inventor, was who invented the ________.

•

Joanne Murray is a British ___________ of the Harry Potter fantasy series.

Stevenson was a Scottish novelist, poet, travel writer, and a leading representative of Neo-romanticism in English ______________ •

Q W E R T B A S D S D F G H C H J T E L E P H O N E C F S A K A S D F G B C V D A Q E L G B S D R T U J A D E C H R I T S A S C V R Y W A S D F E T V S D V S E M X D M A V X E E B I N D E P E N D E N C E P R V A Q E D L N R H T S F E A A A L Ñ A I S C A F H R Y R E T W M N V M S E W A D F G F R U E L P O B S A Q D E F R G H R A F A S U D S T N A R G I M E A Q X G R O H T U A N D N V T S A D N G G G E R B M Y P A T V S G M H Ñ K A D G O I L U U R

Can you help me to arrive at the Edinburgh castle?

Complete the sentences: The most representative cloth elements are _________and its accessories. The traditional Scottish instrument is the _________ Scottish people love drinking whisky and the most typical meal is _________. If you want to phone from Edinburgh to Spain you must dial the prefix ________ the telephone number. The most commercial street is ______________ where you can find different department store like a Jenner and Saint James Centre.

SOLUTIONS 1

3 KILTS/BAGPIPE/HAGGIS/0034+/PRINCES ST.