Local Colleges and Universities (LCUs)

Report for DEM 618: Policy Analysis and Development in Education

Ray Butch D Mahinay PhD EPM1 Mindanao University of Science and Technology

1. What are local gov’t colleges and universities?

2. Are they really an option for the poor students to pursue higher education?

• LCUs are higher educational institutions that are being run by local government units (LGUs). • LGU maybe is a barangay, a municipality, a city or a province.

• RA 7160 or Local Government Code of 1991 – Section 473 (Municipality Level) – Section 458 (City Level) – Section 468 (Province)

“Subject to availability of funds and to existing laws, rules and regulations the LGU shall establish and provide for the operation of vocational and technological schools and similar post-secondary institutions and, with approval of the Department of Education, fix and collect reasonable fees and other school charges at said institutions, subject to existing laws on tuition fees."

A large portion of the functions of the national government such as public works, social welfare, health services, and education was transferred to the local government.

• LCU operates on the premise that the territorial boundary of the LGU, with all the educational infrastructure and facilities built by the province, city, or municipality, is the university campus itself. • It means that an LCU has free access to all the structures found in the LGU, including its library, sports complex, hospitals, business establishments, and barangay centers.

The forerunner of local colleges and universities or LCUs are the community schools which usually function as elementary or secondary schools at daytime and towards the end of the day convert into a community college.

In 1965, the Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila, the first institution of higher learning in the Philippines to be fully subsidized by a local government unit, was established through the Republic Act 4196, which authorizes the City of Manila to operate its own university.

With an increased share of taxes from 11 to 40% given by the national government unit plus their own income as highly urbanized cities or municipalities, a good number of LGUs decided to put up their own LCUs.

Through an LCU, high school graduates from poor families can earn a 3-6 month course certificate, 2-year Associate degree, or a 4year Baccalaureate Degree paying only very minimal, if not zero tuition fee.

ALCU is working closely with the Senate Committee on Education, which is headed by Senator Edgardo Angara, in legislations that benefit existing local colleges and universities.

The primary thrust of ALCU is to improve the quality of instruction, research, and extension of its member schools and to provide value public tertiary education, especially to the poor and disadvantaged youth.

Bago City College Bulacan Polytechnic College Dr. Filemon C. Aguilar Memorial College of Las PiĂąas Gat AndrĂŠs Bonifacio University Gordon College La Carlota City College Laguna University Lipa City Public College Mandaue City College Mariano Quinto Alarilla Polytechnic College Navotas Polytechnic College Pamantasan ng Bayan ng San Mateo Pamantasan ng Cabuyao Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Marikina

Pamantasan ng Montalban Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Muntinlupa Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Pasay Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Pasig Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Taguig Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Valenzuela Quezon City Polytechnic University Quirino Polytechnic College Tagoloan Community College University of Caloocan City University of Makati Universidad de Manila Urdaneta City University

Hon. Yevgeny Vincente Emano Chairman, Board of Trustees Address : Poblacion, Tagoloan, Misamis Oriental 9001 Telephone : (08822) 740542 E-mail : tcctagoloan@yahoo.com Year Established : 2003

• • • • • • • • • • •

Bachelor of Arts Bachelor of Elementary Education Bachelor of Science in Business Administration Bachelor of Science in Community Development Bachelor of Science in Criminology Bachelor of Science in Development Communication Bachelor of Science in Engineering Technology Bachelor of Science in Food Technology Bachelor of Science in Hospitality Management Bachelor of Science in Information Technology Bachelor of Secondary Education

According to the PIA Press Release, June 4, 2009: • Per CHED-X report of 2008, Region 10 has a total of six local colleges which are created under a local ordinance to support their existence in the locality. • Eloisa Paderanga, Ph.D., Regional Director of CHED-X, said it is not enough that the existence of the local colleges and universities (LCU) are based only on ordinances.

CHED Memorandum No. 32 provides that all existing local higher education institutions (HEIs) are given eight years to comply with the CHED requirements in terms of the set standards and gives the LCU's only one year to comply as to the composition, powers and functions of the Board of Trustees or Board of Regents (BOT/BOR).

Otherwise known as the Higher Education Act of 1994, RA 7722 grants CHED authority over all HEI's, both private and public and mandates it to ensure that State policies on the provision of quality education, particularly on continuous intellectual growth, advancement of learning and research and education of high level and middle professionals are complied with.

SCHOOL

COST PER UNIT

ESTIMATED ANNUAL TUITION

UA&P

2,400

124,800

DLSU

2,045

110,447

AdMU

2,517

90,613

UST

1,072

45,601

AMA-CU

780

42,120

UP

1,000

36,000

San Sebastian C

786

33,012

Lyceum of the Phil

900

37,800

UE

1,040

47,840

SPC

922

44,256

CdSJdL

970

50,440

SCHOOL

COST PER UNIT

XU

P620

LdCU

P605

CU

P413

MUST

P325

COC

P475

TCC

P175

McGrath & Spear (1991) open up problems experienced among community colleges such as in their academic culture and curriculum disorder. They also share on their “remedialization�.

Tooley (2005) states studies from the State University of New York and the World Bank showing that in the private higher education in the Philippines, where 80% of the students are enrolled, operates at much lower cost per student than in the public school.

Leigh & Gill’s (2007) efforts focus on two major, policy relevant sources of change at the local level.

1. They examine how responsive community colleges’ are at meeting the needs of the growing immigrant population for education and training.

2. On the demand side, Leigh and Gill look into whether the need of local employers for skilled workers is being met, an issue impacted by dynamic technological change and increased global competition.

Levin (2002) says that community colleges has become globalized.

Two year schools have been affected by economic, cultural, and technological effects of globalization. Levin traces the experience of seven community colleges in the US as they engineered organizational changes to respond to globalization.

Alfred (2007) comes up with 16 core indicators of effectiveness for community colleges.

#

Indicator

#

Indicator

1

Student Goal Attainment

9

Responsiveness to Community Needs

2

Persistence

10

Placement Rates

3

Graduation Rates

11

Licensure & Certification Rates

4

Student Satisfaction

12

Employer Satisfaction with Graduates

5

Success in Subsequent & Related Course Work

13

Client Satisfaction with Programs and Services

6

Program Learning Outcomes & Mastery of Discipline

14

Value Added to the Community

7

Demonstration of General Education Competencies

15

Transfer Rates

8

Regional Market Penetration Rates

16

Performance After Transfer

1. The presence of LCU is indicative of progress of the government in a given political area.

2. The presence of LCU means that the LGU is concerned on the educational situation of the students in their postsecondary schooling.

3. LCU is youth empowerment, giving them the access to the right of education.

1. Stakeholders in education should be creative in their means to make higher education more accessible and equitable to the students.

2. Budget intended for local school board (LSB) should be strictly spent for its purpose.

3. Private sectors should actively participate in the policymaking and implementing processes such that LCUs will remain relevant to the society.

“Fathers send their sons to college either because they went to college or because they didn’t.”

-L. Henderson