corrosion Rebecca Erde Fall 2013 Prof. Derek Hoeferlin
NOBILITY OF METALS Most Noble Cathodic ST. STEEL TITANIUM COPPER COPPER-NICKEL BRASS LEAD TIN IRON STEEL ALUMINUM ZINC Least Noble Cathodic
PERIODIC TABLE OF ELEMENTS
RUST
hydrogen
helium
H
He
1
2
1.0079
4.0026
lithium
beryllium
Li
Be
sodium
magnesium
3
6.941
11
STEEL
4
potassium
19
K
39.098 rubidium
37
20
vanadium
Ti
V
22
23
47.867
50.942
strontium
yttrium
zirconium
niobium
38
87.62
caesium
barium
56
Cs Ba 132.91
137.33
francium
radium
88
Fr Ra [223]
titanium
44.956
85.468
87
21
40.078
Rb Sr 55
scandium
[226]
39
Y
88.906
40
41
oxygen
fluorine
neon
N
O
F
Ne
6
7
8
9
12.011
14.007
15.999
18.998
silicon
phosphorus
sulfur
chlorine
argon
Al
Si
P
S
Cl
Ar
bromine
krypton
Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br
Kr
chromium
24
manganese
25
iron
26
cobalt
27
nickel
28
copper
29
zinc
30
13
30.974
32.065
gallium
germanium
arsenic
selenium
31
55.845
58.933
58.693
63.546
65.38
69.723
molybdenum
technetium
ruthenium
rhodium
palladium
silver
cadmium
indium
44
45
46
47
48
16
28.086
54.938
43
15
26.982
51.996
42
14
32
33
34
17
35.453
35
79.904
tin
antimony
tellurium
iodine
xenon
I
Xe radon
49
50
51
52
53
95.96
[98]
101.07
102.91
106.42
107.87
112.41
114.82
118.71
121.76
127.60
126.90
hafnium
tantalum
tungsten
rhenium
osmium
iridium
platinum
gold
mercury
thallium
lead
bismuth
polonium
astatine
Hf Ta 178.49
180.95
rutherfordium
dubnium
104
105
75
76
W Re Os
77
Ir
183.84
186.21
190.23
192.22
seaborgium
bohrium
hassium
meitnerium
106
107
108
109
78
79
80
81
Pt Au Hg Tl 195.08
196.97
200.59
204.38
terbium
dysprosium
36
78.96
92.906
74
18
39.948
74.922
91.224
73
20.180
72.64
Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te 72
10
10.811
24.305
calcium
nitrogen
C
aluminium
BRASS
12
Ca Sc
carbon
B
5
9.0122
Na Mg 22.990
boron
82
83
84
85
83.798
54
131.29
86
Pb Bi Po At Rn 207.2
208.98
[209]
[210]
[222]
holmium
erbium
thulium
ytterbium
lutetium
darmstadtium roentgenium
110
111
Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg [261]
[262]
lanthanum
cerium
57
58
[266]
[264]
praseodymium neodymium
59
60
[277]
[268]
[271]
[272]
promethium
samarium
europium
gadolinium
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu 138.91
140.12
140.91
144.24
[145]
150.36
151.96
157.25
158.93
162.50
164.93
167.26
168.93
173.05
174.97
actinium
thorium
protactinium
uranium
neptunium
plutonium
americium
curium
berkelium
californium
einsteinium
fermium
mendelevium
nobelium
lawrencium
89
90
91
Ac Th Pa [227]
232.04
231.04
92
U
238.03
93
94
95
96
97
98
Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf [237]
[244]
[243]
[247]
[247]
[251]
99
100
101
102
103
Es Fm Md No Lr [252]
[257]
[258]
[259]
[262]
zinc
steel
brass
copper
phe•nom•e•na
Our studio’s criteria was to choose a phenomenon of water to study. I was very drawn to water’s ability to affect metal. I began to study corrosion and rust.
rust
(noun): a series of iron oxides, usually red oxides, formed by the reaction of iron and oxygen in the presence of water or air moisture
cor•ro•sion
(noun): the gradual destruction of materials, usually metals, by chemical reaction with its environment To study corrosion, I created a metal cloth out of copper, brass, steel, and zinc to experiment with different textures and various reactions of dissimilar metals. I ordered the metals following the galvanic series from most noble to least noble so that each would affect the next. I soaked the cloth in water to similate natural rain and water vapor, then waited for the weathering reactions to occur.
bump
sanded
scored
drilled
bump
bump
drilled
bump
sanded
copper 1
copper
bump
bump
zinc
copper
bump
sanded
drilled
bump
sanded
zinc
copper
scored
scored
drilled
bump
drilled
bump
sanded
scored
drilled
zinc 1
steel
brass
scored zinc 1
steel 1
steel sanded
drilled
steel 1
scored
brass
scored
sanded
brass 1
steel
brass
drilled
brass 1
scored
sanded
scored
sanded
copper 1
zinc
copper
steel
brass drilled
zinc
bump
drilled
bump
sanded
scored
bump
drilled
sanded
steel 2
scored
drilled
bump
sanded
scored
drilled
copper 2
brass 2
drilled
copper
brass
steel
zinc
texture overlay
zinc
bump
sanded
scored rust overlay
Old Chain of Rocks Bridge
drilled
copper
brass
steel
texture overlay
zinc
I graphed the differing amounts of rust based on type of metal and texture.
Old Chain of Rocks Bridge
Mississippi River
Chain of Rocks
Our site is the Old Chain of Rocks Bridge, built in 1929. I designed a skin inspired by the folds of my metal cloth to make enclosed rooms within the bridge. I covered the skeleton structure in scales made of cooper, brass, and steel textured in different ways. Eventually the skin will corode.
1/16” = 1’ scale model
1/200” = 1’ scale site model
1/16” = 1’ scale model
1/16” = 1’ scale detail
1/16” = 1’ scale plan and section
1/4” = 1’ scale model first iteration
1/4” = 1’ scale plan and section
1/4” = 1’ scale structure second iteration
1/4” = 1’ scale skin
1/4” = 1’ scale sections