Glimpses of the Konkani Language at the Turn of the 16th Century - Vol 8

L. A. Rodniguct Corrcsponding Member of the Inrtituto

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-Bartorl.

Gra.

VIII Konkani Yerhl constructions he Jesuit and Franciscan vocabularies of the l6th and lTth centuries, though secondarily they also comprehend sizable material

of

social and religious character, which can be explored profitably

ln the respective fields,

prirrarily

were compiled for linguistic aims, that is,

the foreign missionaries learn the vernacular language for the purpose of evangelization. And this job of studying the local tongue was wonderfully carried out by a few scholarly padres,who, besides the religious zeal, were endowed with privilfeged intelligence and aptitude for strenuous work; they also had the good sense to approach and avail of the native to help

experts, tbe bramanes puranistas, as Diogo Ribeiro, S J., called them.

The above lexicons present not only a copious compilation of vocables

of the rich and variegated Konkani language, but also furnish its

basic

phonetic, morphological, syntactic and semantic directives, on which a structure of its grammar can be framed. In the following pages are given

of Konkani verbal constructions, collected from the portuguese-Konkani tomee of both Jesuit and Franciscan vocabularies. some hundreds

l.

t

verbal constructions with the portuguese verb amassar to mix, to massage, to soften.

-

to knead,

B-Jesuit vocalrulary:

"Xit

murdditam hou

kaloitam"- To knead or mix with hand cooked rice

with curds while one eats it.

"

Pitt hou chuno kaloitam

" Cbaddoitam

"-To

"-fs

massage or

knead flour or lime.

knead with hands a child, or things like

leatber.

"Duddgaitam, Mossonditam, Maddoitam, Paie maddi ghalitam, Gudd'daitam "-To knead with feet, to trample.

" Muttkaitam "--To

massage feet

"-J6

'' Ang rogdditam

massage body.

'' Nimbullaitam hou pikull kortam

2.

"Andar

"-To

or legs.

"-To

soften by bruising with fingers.

walk.

Jesuit vocabulary :

" Choltam, chomkotam "-To walk.

"Choloitam, chomkoitam"-fs make to walk. " Kanttallean choltam " -

To walk carefully

'3Addpalshi asam, liptc vetam, koddertam"-To be enamoured

"Manddkhuriam hou manddkhuttiam vetam hou choltam bou chomkotam

"-To

crawl on hands and knees.

" Fodkoliam vetam

"

"-To

crawl on buttocks

Dhedhatu sarkem choltam

" Voddvoddaitam

"-To

'r-f6

live according to one's lascivious nature

walk rashly

"Bhair boisotam, anttvotam, hou bhair dhavnnean poddtam.,' -To defecate " Bhonvto choltam "-f6 go round I

" U_vallitam

"-fs

linsey, etc. l: lr

I

I ll

r I t!.

t"

t I

walk around a pâ‚Źrson exorcising

with things like

salt,

-9

''

Kunttonn ghevn chomkotam, ieka paian chomkotam, kunttonniam chomkotam "-f6 walk on the tips of the toes.

''

Magilpaim choltam, maguso choltam

"

Porsot ietam, vetam hou ramptam "

"-To go back

-To

n'Tirso, i, em choltam hou chomkotam

"' Rampot vetam

"-fs

come or go gropingly

"-To

walk sideways

walk aimlessly

'' Loddkotam" -To loiter, i.e. to wllk idly '' Velo sokol vetam, choltam hou chcmkotam "-To go down from up " Soklo voir vetam, choltam hou chomkotam "-To go up from down Franciscan vocabulary

"

Ufetam, hou

ubtam"-To float

over water

"'Tirso vetam, hou kator vetam"-To walk "'Ddambean hou gorvan vetam, hou "'Bhonvaddean vetam hou choltam 4'Chachor vetam "

-To

choltam"-To walk proudly

"-

To go round

walk slowly

"' Choloitam hou chomkoitam

"

sideways

"-To

make to walk

Rampot vetam, ramptam, sanspotam

"

-To walk gropingly

choltam

"-fs

walk with hand on loins. i.e. inso-

Dobajean vetam hou bhonvtam

"-fs

walk pompously

" Penkttar hat dovrun lently.

"

"' Uvallitam

"-To

walk around a person with some things in hand

"Taktin hou uttavill choltam

" Hollu

"-To

walk hastily

choltam, hou muieche chalin chcmkotam

"-To walk very slowly

"Boil koritam, boil zavn hou korun choltam"-To crawl on hands and knees

" Khurmanddianim 2

choltam

"-To

walk on knees

10

-_ " Ddimbianim

choltam

"-J6

walk on heels

" Khoddavot hou ihirthir choltam

"-fs

walk softly

"Kunttun choltam"-To walk on tiptoes " Mukhar choltam hou vetam "-fs walk in front

"

Magushetam, hou maguto poddtam

r'-f6

walk behind

" A#argim choltam, hou poddtamt'-To walk on wrong path I i

i

"

Visvbhonvtam, hou zollimollim bhonvtam

"-J6

walk everywhere

"-To walk up and down " Loddkot vetam "-To walk loiteringly " Samora hou samua choltam "-To walk ahead " Langot, kunttit hou uddot choltam "-To limp " Unch sokol choltam

"

"-!e be in troubles of life 3. " Assenlar ( acenar ) "-to nod

Zinneacbi uspabhor koritam

Ddollo modditam

4.

-To

wink, i e. to nod with eyes ( Jesuit voc.

"Assentar"-To sit, to settle, to fix, to establish, to install

Jesuit vocabulary : "

Sondishitam

tt Potisttitam "

"

Boisotam

"-To -

settle

To fix

"--To

sit

"-To make to sit " Prosudtam "-fs finalize bidder's " Sontoitam "-f9 aPpease " Ukoddiam boisotam "-To squat "

)

Boisoitam

offer at auction

" Ddimbien boisotam -To sit on the knees

1r.

" Ddimbi ghalitam -To kneel down " Ghumtty ghalitam

"-Js

encamp, to put up tents

" Sontovtam -To be set such as turbid water or oil " Palkotty ghalun boisotam"-To sit on the ground with

"

crossed legs

Kondakond korun boisotam "-To sit pressed among other persons

" Bhannear boisotam

" Buztam "-fg

n'-Jil

sit at dining table

see reason

" Damtam "-f6 "' Fodkol ghalitam

get subsided such as an abscess

"-To

sit on buttocks

Franciscan vocabulary :

"

Boisotam, tthaktam

"Bosoitam"-To

"-

to sit

make to sit

"Palkhotin boisotam, asni tthaktam" -To sit on the ground with crossed legs

'' Ddimbio ghalitam"-To kneel down

"

Ddimbianim boisotam

"-fs

" Ghumttie ghalitam "-To

" Postteavor

boisotam "

-

sit on the knees

encamp

To sit at dining table

" Klrurmanddianirn boisotam "-.To squat '' Vharear hou ukirddar boisotam "-Js sit on rubL.ish *o Sangatanim, hou sangatim boisotam "-fs sit irr company 5. " Aver (Haver ) "-To

have, to feel

Franciscan vocabulary :

" Hatim choddoitam "-]s

retake

''Usttnn, hou dog kortam hou poddtam"-To

be warm, hot

t2-' feel drinking " Pienvchi trikhea zata, hon trushea hotam "-To " Bhukechi hou khudechi trikhea zatam" --To feel eating feel sleeping " Nidrechi trikhea distam, hou zatam"-To

" Bhair bosunsh.em zatam" -To feel defecating '' Vattonniam, hou mutunk zatam"-'Io feel urinating

"

Zvnchitrikhea distam

- "-To

" Nedukchar distam' hou kortam

feel fighting

"-To

envy, to be jealous

"Bhem distam"-To be affraid

"-To feel mercy distam "-To feel PitY

" K.ak.rllt distam

" Okhottai

well

-To feel " Zai zatam. hovem zatam "-To want, to require " Borem distam, hou bhogtam

" Vaitta rgrtumhou bhogtam, okhttem zbogtam"-To "Bhuk hou khud tagtam"-To feel hungry

feel bad

" Tan hou truxa tagtan "-To feel thirsty " Shim khatam, hou hinv zatzm" -To feel cold

6. " Bater "-To

beat, to strike

Jesuit vocabularY ., Thottaitam, fopaitam, dhaddaitam, goddboddaitam

get head wounded by hitting

.. Kopala ghetam

" -To

" Pettitam "-To

beat ground flat

" Sevttitam "-fs Kapddam

umbollitam"-To

":To

clap with hand-palms

beat linen while washing

tt Nannem hanntam, hou kortam "

-To mint coin

beat, to strike

it on the ground

beat iron, or leather as shcemaker does

" Ttallio vajitam, hou maritam

"

"-To

I

13

"Daddiek daddi, hou dantak dant adolltam, hou vaztam"-Teeth are beating against one another with cold.

" Kirdditam "-f6

grin with rage

" Hordhear rnarnu ghetam, hordhem pettitam, hordhem fopavn

"-fs

hordhem fopaitam

"

beat one's chest

Kupkupetam, thopthopetarn, thopth op zatam,' slartled

Fr ancis can

vo

- To beat ( as heart ), to be

cabulary :

" Ttallio pettitam"-To clap one's hands t' Mhor kortam, thoso kortam, nannem henntam "-fs " Dar thottaitam,

tt Berrar

"

-

mint coin

knock at the door

beat ground flat

"-To beat linen while washing

Umbollitam, hou chogalltam

7

"-fs

hou fopaitam

" Pettitam, boddoitam"-fs "

ghetam,.

To roar

" Bokddavor ddhenkitam

"-fs

roar as he-goat

" Hambetam "-To bellow as ox or cow

" Killkillio

detam

"-fs

neigh as elephant

" Nad detam, ghurkitam, hou ddhenkitam "-To

8.

" Bdtar

"-To

roar as lion

putn to throw

Jesuit vocabulary : " Ghaltam"-To put, to throw " Poro, hou bhair ghaltam " -To throw out " Varvotear ghaltam "-fs throw at one's back an affair, i.e,

to

ignore

a task

"

Jhiddjhiddavn poro ghaltam

"

Vota ghaltam

li I I

r

"-To

"-

To drive out some one with contempt

put in the sun

1+

-_--

"Gochanddio

-To drive out with

marn poro ghaltam"

strokes on nape

put boiled paddy, or washed clothes "Vonnvot ghaltam, vonnvaitam"-To in mild sun to get dry

ctothes

" onovtf,t ghaltam "--To stcep "Ambuddtam

"-To

.-

scare away by bissing; to'goad

r'-1o kick out " Faparvar, hou fapavaiii. *uro bhair ghaltam '' Dant sonnsonntat,

hou ambott'tat

" Addmutti

"-fs

ghaltam

"-Teeth tingle

put carelessly

" Addoch ghaltam, lollte ghalta6 " - fe keep in abeyance n'Ghalun ghetam"-To throw oneself.

"Baint apnno ghalo, uddy ghali, hou ghalun ghetlem " Threw himself into the well.

'" Vailo bhonvtam "

-

-

To walk at large

Franciscan vocahiluy: " Ghaltam, uddoitam, ttankitam "

"

Poro gbalt-am "

-'fs

-To

put, to throw

throv.olrt

"'Pois ghaltam, hou uddoitalll "

"Bokandun ghaltam"

-

To throw

far

'

push

out -To " Gochandun ghaltam " - To drive out with strokes on neck "'Zaahnniant ghaltam " - f6 put into trouble " Tufanant ghaltam " - fs throw into sea storm

"

Fapaftn ghaltam

" -- To kick out

"' Ddolle vattarun ghaltam "

9.

o'Cait

";-To

-

To stare with dismay

fall

Jesuit vocabulary: " Poddtam " -To falt

{'Paiam poddtam, soronn yetam

1

"-To

prostratc at the

feet

'

rl

15

"-To fall on one's face " Hatak hou hatim sampoddtam "-To fall into some one's hands " Okrunne poddtam "-fs fall into some one's indignation " Palsi poddtam "-fs fall slantingly, obliquely "

Tonddiam poddtam

''Zhoddta;n"--To fall down, or to

be shed by wind such as leaves

.-i

or fruits

of tree

"

Buzavtam, onnbhovtan;, chetovtam, upshama ietam

" Gho zavn poddtam,

"

d<ioddaim zavn poddtam

Mbonvant hou tupant rontti poddli

"-It

"-To

"-To

see reason

crash, to fall to earth

was a good business

" Gollgollevn poddtam, gollgolletam, gollun poddtam, golltam "-To fall ( in fruit ) detached froro peduncle "Dhob

zavn

poddtam"-To fall with a sound

10. " Cantar "-Js

sing, to cry

Jesuit vocabulary: t'Gatam, gaien kortam, gannem mandditam

-

Sad ghaltap

3 Kankaretam

3 Konketam

"-fq "

-To sing

crow ( a cock )

- To cluck ( a hsn before laying egg )

" -To cluck

'' Kove kortam

"

"-f6

( a hen

after laying

sing sweetly

1

egg )

birds )

Franciscan wcabulary: !sBobetam, arvotam, saci ditam hou

t'Kankaritam, konketarl

"-Js

'r Sad ghaltam, kovddo roddta

t' Kavllo kanketa

l' Parvo

ghurkita

"-Js " -To

ghaltam"-To crow (a cock)

cluck ( a hen )

"-fs

cry ( a turtle-dove

cry (a crow ) cry ( a pigeon )

"Girboji gijgijta" -To chirp (a sparrcw)

)

16 ---'' Ghonn khollkhollita "--To cry ( a kite, falcon ) " Pingllem roddta "- To cry ( an owl ) " Katiallem

gata

" - To sing ( a swallow )

'' Mor roddta "-To cry ( a pea-cock ) "Hans kankarita"-fs cluck (a duck)

"-To

"

Roddtam

"

Pakho loddta

cry (birds in general

"-

)

To cry ( a bat )

"- To cry ( a cicada ) " Raulluk biddeta "- To cry ( a cricket ) " Mhonvacho mus ghungunnta "-'fo hum ( a bee " Pokie kove kortat "-f6 sing ( birds) '' Mandduky roddta" - To cry (a frog) "' Torlkott korkorta

li

"

Sangata

gatam-To

)

siug together

i

ii

" Vaitt gatam - To

i,

I lr

ll il

il

il

l.

" Cobrir "

sing bad

-

To cover

''' Ghor shinvtam "

- f6 cover the house ( Franciscan vocabulary )

"

repair ihe roof (Jesuit vocabulary)

Shinvtam"

-f6

12. "Correr"-Torun

lll ii

lr

il

fesult vocabulary:

li

" Dhanvtam. dhanvodd

hou shirkott martam

" Aindde gilltam hou ietat "

-

"-fe

1sn

To secrete water in one's mouth

{'Aplem rotib choloitam ; aplea kaidean hou kaidea promannim choltam To comply with one's obligation n'Dhanvdhanvim vetam

" t,

h

Fatti dhanvtam "

"

- fs go running

- fs run after some one

"-

t7

-" Dovoddu

hou fer martam, dovdditam

" Dovddaitaa "

-fs

make

"

- fs ride on horseback

to ride on horseback

" Karbar choloitam, karbarar asam,

kam cbolfoitam

"

ter the affairs or business.

"

- fs run or adminis-

Rastt choloitam "-fs run the affair or management of the household or of an enterprise

" Duretan

"-fe

press the paddy field

" Hinddtam"-f6

with wooden plank

wander from land to land

" Vilath ghanttun ietam"-To mn over hill and dale " Franc. voc : Aindde ietat "-To sccrete water in one's mouth 13. " FranG voc : Krusar 14. " Cheirar "-To

zoddtann

"-To

crucify

smell

Jesuit vocabulary :

" Pormollta6'r-!s

"

smell good

Mogmogit hou bogbogit pormolltam

'r Hungtam

"-To

"--To

smell sweet

approach samething to one's nose to smell

" Kollombttann ieta "-To smell rust Fr ancis can v ocabulary

:

*'Hungtam, vas ghetam

"-To smell approaching " Promoll hou drut ghetam "-To smell '" Ghannta, drugond ieta "-To smell bad 15. " Ghorar "-fg

one's nose to something

cry, to weep

Jesuit vocabulary : -'6

Roddtam, kuitam, rudhon

''

Dholldhollam roddtam 3

kortam"-To cry, to weep, to wail

"-To

weep bitterly

18

--.-

" Killonchta6 "-fs scream ( as children ) e'Allim fallim roddt46"-fs weep pitifully

"

Roddkuve paulo hou gfelo "

" Ghurkitam "-To cry loudly

"-I

" Mojea kormak roddtam Fr ancis can

vo

went whining

-He

child or other person

(a

weep

)

for my bad luck

cabularY :

" Attoim fettoim roddtam

"-fs

"-To

"

Dholldhollam roddtam

"

Goivrotam, osombtam "

-To

weep fictitiously weep with profuse tears

weep imaginarily

" Haramfarim roddtam, hambirddam bhetun roddtam

16. " Chover "-To

"-fe

lament

(ain

Jesuit vocobulary :

"

Paus poddta

"-To

rain

.. Sorvbharim, dodd'doddam hou duddmekhim pavs poddta and dogs i,

ii

" Dholldhollam " Ddolle

pavs poddta "

-To

Pavs lagme lagla, hou pavs poddtoch asa

"

Musolldharim hou silldharim

"

Koreancho pavs poddta

"

Shenoita, kubaita, shiddshiddaita

n'

Mathonni poddta

"

"-To

driz,le

rain when paddy corn begins producing spikes

I I I I

I

L hxuf h

"-To

Koreancho pavs poddta

rain blindingly

hail, i.e. fall hailstones

Franciscan vocabulary : t'Pavs poddta, vorsota

"-To

"-To rain incessantly pavs poddta "-To rain cats and dogs

"

"-To

cate

rain heavily

ddhampun, hou ghordhorim pavs poddta

"-fs

" -To rain

rain

"-fs

fall

hailstones

19

"

"-To drizzle 17. " Dar "-To givc

ShenDita, kubaita

Jesuit vocobulary:

"

"-To

Detam, ditam

n' Ghamot ghaltam,

" Distt

"

ditan, hou uspitam "-fs pump water

ghaltam, ditam, kortam

Chantt ghaltam "

"-To

cast evil eye

- To pace

" Onnkhitan "-To "

give

reproach

Fapraitam, faporvar hou fapracho

maritam,'-To kick

" Thapttaitam, thapott martat{- To

slap

"'Jenvk hou khanvk ditam " _To give food

" Khullaitam, ghollaitam" " Buki martam "

-

-

To hit with heel

To strike rvith fist

" Kallontra ditam, vaddi ditam hou laitam " To lend money at interest " Mutth martam " - To punch, i. e. to btow with fists

"

Mutthkaitam

"

Satvitam

''

Shig martan

"-

To massage legs with fist blows

" -To fclicitate

"-To

strike with sword-stick

" Fatracho, fatran, fatorvora, fatorvariam martam; fatraitam,.-To stone .'Sonsarak hou ganvank dhar ditam"-To renounce or give up the world, or the land

'" Far marta6 " To strike {'Hat ditam hou detam " fs

-

"

Shidd hankaritam "

-

Js

extend hand

set sail

"- To give sign '' soskar ditam, soskartam "- fs give earnest money for a thing to be bought " Kuru

hou khunn ditam

20

-" Addli

ghaltam

"-

To hit some one at the back

.. Fodd hou korott luklulc

7vfa"-Boil or furuncle is felt by touching finger'

i. c.fuout to burst "Bhogosh, dorbost, solbistt, hou funkea 'o

Atgam ditam, sunvortam

"-To

ditam"-To

give gratis

render thanks

"lJdatahou udirea ditam"-To sell on credit " Bol,

bhas ditam

"-To

give one's word

" Addkhillo mokhitam"-To hit the mark "

Hisheb hou zhoddti ditam

" Yesh ditam

"-To

"-To

give account

give advantage or success

" Zomar- ditam hou ravtam "-To " Folltam, folla ietam " -

give bail or security

To bear fruit, to fructity

" Fultam"-To blossom " Adolltam "-fs stumble .,porsun ditam hou sangtam; porsaitam"-To give to understand

by.

words

" Dubtam "-!e give milk ( animals )

" Koisora ditam hou tthoitam " Vormar far poddlo

"-He

"-To

give as hestagc

was given a blow in his heart

" Addborim martam"-To hit on the flank of body

" Far muttke martam "-To 'o

beat with stick

Satto martam, hou yeka thokean tthoitam

"-To

buy in bulk

a bargain " Ttalli ditam hou martam "-To finalize " Chirputtaitam "-To fillip, i'e' to strike with a fillip

., Bokhanditam, gochandditam hou gochanddi martam l

I

I

"-fs

strike on neck

i

--

21

sustenance

for

t I

Franciscot vocabulary

I I

I !

L

" Ditam hou

detam

"-To

give

" Ghamot ghaltam "- To pump

water

" Pottros kadditam, hou ornun detam

"-'fs

give one's own bread

I

" Jevonn vaddtam, jenvk ditam, bhojon detam

I

"Khanvkdetam,houghaltam"-fg feed animals, or give

"-To give food

people I

" Pottak ghaitam, "

I

positam, protpalltam

Podd hou bhojon palltam

"-fs

"-J6

rear, to support

grant pension in kind or money

" Pinvk, pivon, hou trushek ditam" -To give water to drink

" Odhik lekh, hou chodd

"

drove detam

Karonn hou nimite sangtam

"-fs

" -To

give too much money

give or tell reason

"Laba hou vaddi detam"-To lend money at interest i i

L

" Sorv sukh detam, sontosvitam " -To give pleasure and Joy

"-To set sail " Bh0landd detam "-To fall " Duddvachem voz detam "- To give woruh of a penny, i. e. little worth " Distt kortam, drustt detam "- f6 cast evil eye " Orthitam, orth ditam "- To signify "

Shidd hankaritam

" Dunnie detam, hou lavitam "

-To

give in double

"Hatabhair ghaltam"- To give up, to renounce 3'

Somorangl hou somor bhett'tam

" Onnkitam, uchaftam

"-

"- fs meet face to face

To reproach, to rebuke

"- To pace " Fapracho martam, fapraitam "- To kick " Thapttaitam, thoborkaitam, thap martam "-To

" Ddhenfam,

hou ttanch ghaltam

slap

oo

-"- To hit with heels n'Bukio martam "- To hit with fists

"

Khonttaitsp

.,Mutth martam, mutthkaitam, dhumkaita6"- Tls blow with fists

"- To massage body with fist blows .. Mokoll detam "- f6 keep some one in custody lest he should escape n'Hanntam, ghavel kortam "- To hit with axe ., Shig hou tthomnno martam "- fe strike with sword'stick, to knuckle '' Fatran, fatracho hou dogddan martam "- To stone " Far martam, boddoita6 "- fs strike, to beat " Apcrnnpench, hou apapem martam "- fs beat oneself

"'lv{utthkaits6

..Sukochmartam'Sukenchboddoitam''_Jgbeatwithnoreason "'Opun detam, oPitam

"- f6 hand over

" Hat detam, kor pasodditam"- To extend hands n'Kuru detam, had (?) ditam "- To give sign ., Sashi kortam, hou detam"- To give earnest money for purchase "'Harovn

"

ghetann, zitun ghetam

Thamboitam, thathrita6

"' Ttumnnim martam

"

"-

"- fs surrender

To give up

"- f6 spur, i. e. to prick horse with spurs

Promesvorak orgam

detam"- To render thanks to God

"- To thank " Funkeach, hou funkttoch detam "- fs give free, gratis " Hatfolli detam, bol bhas detam "- To give one's word " Patietam, satemanitam "- fq believe' " Addkhollem moqhitam, lokhe biditam "- fs hit the mark " Vorvolli detam "- To write the lesson ( a pupil ) " Upkar atthoitam,

upeg manitam

-23 " Kompran " Marg "

martam, kompraitam

detam hou dakhoitam

Hisheb detam

detam

" Omrut

"-To

kortam

sangtam

" * To

To give opportunity

"-To

pay a compliment give ration collectively

"

Hanshem kortam, hinsolltam

"

Zoman detam

"-

give advantage or success

wish some one his food be fruitful

" Podd rashi detam " - To

" Follta, folla

-

elbow

"- f6 give account

" Yesh, hou zoit

" Bholaiki

"

"-fs

"- f6 give laughter

To give bail

ieta, hou deta

"-

To bear fruit, to fruotify

"-To wink, to nod with eyes 'r Dantllaitaitam, dantrem khumnavitam "-To bite " Nakharitam, nakhem bhanzolltam "-To scratch " Ddollo ghaltam,

"

netr khunnavitam

Sodolbodol, hou bodolbhaga

detam"-To

exchange

"-To knuckle hou detam "-To give as hostage

" Ttoklaitam, tthomnaitam

" Koisor

tthevitam,

" Khonddun, "

Fuleta, tonvreta, mhovrota

" [.Jdarea "

kutea hou bhaddea ditam

detam

"-To

"-fg

"-fs

give a work on contract

blossom

sell on credit

Khozne kaddtam, donddonn detam

"-To

torture with strappado

"-fs " Zannovn hou porsovn detam, porsoitam "-fs t'Dakhovn detam "-fs make to show " Ttibe martam, fare martam, dondditam

"Dubtam

"-To

give milk (animals)

" Upratthen martam

"-To

18. "Deitar-To

hit

Oack

put, to throw

give stitches give

to understand

24fesuit vocabulary: " Ghaltam "-To

put, to throw

" Bhair, hou poro ghaltam "-To throw out "'Uboitam

"

"-To

Hogddaitam,

put into wind

funkttitam"-To

waste, to lose

" Ddau ghaltam "-To cast lots '" Timot ghaltam "-To sauce, to soak ll

o'Nivllot ghaltam, nivllaitam"-fs dip in water salt fish or meat (to

lose

the salt ) ii

l:.

'! Paiam poddtam, soronn ietam, choronn dhostam

"-fs

prostrate at the feet

i t,

"'Ghalun ghetam, posortam, posorn ghetam

"-To

throw oneself

" Pasulli nidetam, pasullim ghalun ghetam, borin ghalun

ghetam

"-To

lay

oneself sideways

"

Vilea gelo

"

Gotthetam

"-

He finished himself, died

" -To lie (animals)

Fr ancis can

vo

" Ghaltam, ttanktam,

cabulary : zhogdditam, uddoitam

"

Sokol hou khala ghaltam

''

Manen ghaltam

"-To

"-To

"-

To put, throw

i

throw down

throw down with head

"-To throw oneself lagtam "-To prostrate at the feet

n' Ghalun ghetam, pasoli ghalun ghetam

"

Paiam poddtam, choronna

" Sellonnien ghaltam, onbortam " -To drive away by whistling " Lottun hou bokandun ghaltam"- To push out

" Hatan lottitam

"- f6 prrsh with hands

'' Fapran, hou fapravn ghaltam"- To kick out " Gochandun ghaltam "- To drive out with strokes on neck

I

-__ "

Hisheb kortam,

gonnitam"- To

make account

fi Tonddar vallitam, annkhonnem detam

"-

" Annem ditam

" Bhair, poro

25

"-

Js reproach

To throw

hou kodde ghaltam,

ttanktam,'- To throw out.

" Dhumddaitam "- To weste

" Nit

sodtam

"-

To honour

"-fs

"

Opmanar ghaltam

"

Nasitam, vibhaddtam, hogddaitam

dishonour

"_To

lose

'3Vaik, hou pattkatthio ghaltam"-To cast lots "Paunne ghalitam"-To sell at auction

" Bhizot, hou timot ghaltam',_To soak, to

" Nivllot

sauce

"-To soak in water a brined thing "-To take root

ghaltam

" Pallambtam

" Lagunk ghaltam "-'fo make animals to copulate

" [Jboitam, "

varea detam

"-fs

Kushin. hou kodde ghaltam

19. rr [gi13i "-fg

put into wind, to winnow

"-Js

put sideways

let, to leave, to cease, to renounce, to give up

Jesuit vocabulary : "Asum ditam, sandditam, khollitam,'-fs let, to .. Khottavtam

"-To

leave

be hindered from work

for want of tools .'Gai hou nhos akhuddlia',*Cow or buffalo has gone dry

"

zolm khopitam "-A widow to renounce the worldly pleasures and enter into seclusion

" Sonvsar torzitam hou vorzitam

;

sonvsarak dhar ditam

the world

'" Korunchem sandditam +

"-fs

give up doing

"_To

renounce

26

-__

" vaivachea nashi korun ghaltam "- To leave some one

speechless ,by

beating

" As nas korun ghaltam "-To

leave some one half dead

" Aplo malvoz borbapur ghaltam "-To reaee one's property without any care

Fr ancis c an

voc

abul ar y :

" Asum ditam, sandditam',-fs let, to

" Ddaiji korn

"

tthoitaya

"_1's leave as heir

Iadik, ugddasak, kollek tthoitam

tt Ogo ravtam

leave

"-fs

leave as memory

"--To let, to allow

" Vochum, hou zaum ditam "-To let go, to let t'Korum ditam "-To let

be

do

"

Korunchem sandditam, teagtam

20.

.. Descobrir

"-To

"_To

give up doing

discovcr, to disclose, to uncover

Jcsuit vocobulary:

"

Clhutt ontest porghott kortam

"

Ugtem kortam

"-fs

{Jgtem zatam

"-To

reveal a secret

uncover

" Matheachem kaddtam "-To "

"-fs

uncover the head

be digclosed

" Tthavem zatam"-To

be aware

" Chori sabistt zata',-Theft to be discovered 21. " Dizer "-To say, to tell Jesuit vocobulary

"

Mhonntam, boltam, sangtam, sangun ditam

"

Mogtarth sangtam

"-To

tell the truth

"_To

say

_27 "

Sobhtam, saztam

"

Konnai monsheak fitti mhonn uloina of contempt

"

Moje ponk kortat

"-To

suit, to fit

"-They

Francis can

"

vo

The two suit to each other

tell briefly

cabulary :

Mhonntam, sangtam, boltam',_To say

" Apnnachench "

"-Js

Mukhsudh sangtam

does not give any body word

say about me whatever they like

" Haka taka gantth poddta',"

"-frs

sangtam

"-f6

tell of his own self, to be obstinate

Na mhonntam, mukir vetam',_To deny

''Apli nit sangtam"-To speak one's opinion '' Fuddem, hou adim sangtam " _ To tell before hand 22. ,,Bstar

"-To

b9

Jesuit vocabulary:

"

Asom, hotam

"

Tacho

"-

To be

jiv tharea as,'_ He is not in

peace

" Royanni boisotam',- To be brooding (hen) "Bolliketam, bollike poddtam"-To be sick

"

Koddamodd, hou ghastavot zatam,,_fs be too much tired

" Pronnamim asom',-fs

"

LIbo ravtem

"-fs

enjoy health

stand up

Franciscan vocabulary : " Asom, hotam "-To

b,

be

"

Pronnamim, hou bholai sss6

"_f6

""

tfbo ra{am, hou

stand up

asom

"-To

enjoy health

oQ

--

"

Ubtthaktam

"-To

raise

"Bosun asom"-To be seated

" Ukoddiam bosun

asom

"-To

squat

"Ullkombilelo asom"-f6 be hanging "Poddunchem ascm" -To be about to fall

" Iekloch, hou ielcttoch asom "-To

"-To be embraced asom "-To be in one's arms

" Vengllun, hou pottllun

"

Kuddche, hou venger

" Khollita,

asom

hou beattheli asom

'r Ddimbiam

4ss111

be alone

"-fe

"--To

be in vacation

be on knees

't Ota boisotam, hunetam

"-fs

be in the sun

in the open air " Dova boisotam, hou asom "-To be " Ponktir asom "-To be at dinner table

" Ghoddear

asom

"-To

be on horse back

" Goir hajir, hou adekh asom"-To " Sobhonvtem asom "-To

be around

to

Sushaen, hou iechirkaen asom

"

Rovannie asom

" Att'tam "-!6

"-To

be absent

"-fs

be on one's guard

be brooding (hen)

be about

" Sonkirn, duchit zatam;

to coagulate chintest asom

"-To

be

sad

"-To be down t' Voir, hou upor asom "-To be uP the farm " Molleant, hou agrollant asom "-To be in

"

Totla, hou mulla asom

" Suvadd, hou uzu 33s111 "-f6 be favoured " Boll'liketam, renztam " - To be sick t'Aplea veaparar asom

"-To

be on one's trade

--* " Savod

"-To be in one's senses

a-som

" Dubhorvonshar

"

t9

asom

Sormavegllo asom

"_To

"-f6

be

in doubt

be out of senses

.. Ghalun ghevn, hou posrun asom',__To tay oneself flat

t'Umtho

asom

" *To

be prone, i.e. witb face downwards

"

Dhogoddbajent, hou veshvaddeant

"

Ddhangam ttenkun asom',_To be with legs spread

" Chintakront,

asom,'-To live in concubinage

"-To be thoughtful t'Khambeani, hou sthombani asom"-To be on props 23.

hou chintabul asom

., Enforcar

"-To

hang

Jesuit and Franciscan vocabularies :

" Golla

laitam

"-fs

hang (on gibbet)

" Goll ghetam "-To hang oneself 24. .. Falar " -To speak Jesuit vocabulafd: "Uloitam, boltam i

"-To

speak

"Nitezun uloitam"-'fo speak boldly

"

Tomashean, hou tomaso korun uloitam

"

Mannkulem uloitam

"-To

uloitam,'-To

" Sor'ram uloitam "-To

speak

jollily

speak gently

" Vankddem tenkddem uloitam ,,-To 'nXant hou sovkas

_To

speak haphazard

speak slowly

speak fast

"Kodren, hivao hou vivekh ghevn uloitam"-To speak attentively and respectfully

t'Karn l l

I

l

matunk

"-f6

wisper

30

-*"*

" Horsoddoll mukhim uloitam "-To Onorth uloitam "

"

-To

speak with

e'Matun uloitam, hou sangtam

speak frankly

no

"-fe

sense

speak confidentially

. Bhonddam utram, hou bhondd purann uloitam "-To speak bad words I

.. podor dhorn, hou podran uloitam, govraitam, bou govravn uloitam speak courteously

i i

ll

"-T.6

.. Feddfedditam, feddok hou feddik uloitam

"-fs

speak ceremoniously

ii

i,

..Khottkhottit, sonnsonnit, khonnkhonnit, ghoddgoddam uloitam"-T.s speak pretentiouslY

..Dhatlavn mat sangtam, voza korn uloitam"-To speak gracefully

" Iek gott uloitam

"-fs

" Hat vagarun uloitam t'sognean .. Velbola,

speak a word

"-To

uloitam"-To

speak with gestures

beckon, to

nod

i

virmarinni, bhitor korn, bhitorsudian uloitam "-fs speak in

disguise ..

Tondda purtem uloitam, vautra sorxem sup ditam

"-T.6

speak con-

venientlY n'Supastt, hou sugrom bhas uloitam

"Aruti

bhas, hou obhod uloitam

"

Chabchabot

"

Vothretam

uloitam"-To

-To

sPeak

.. sobsobo, hou vaibond

"-To

" -To

speak elegantly

speak roughly

mumble

in dream

uloitam"-To

speak in vain, purposelessly

..Mudiek tthik zoddilem xem kortam"-To speak as appropriatelyasa gem on a ring

"

Gombcra xobdaa uloitam

"-fs

speak sonorously

"-To speak smilingly " Addoi uddoi uloitam "-To speak interruptedly

"

Hanste mukhim uloitam

" Golleadde tthavn uloitam "-fs

" suddhall

monim uroitam

"--To

" Dumorso uloitam "-fs

-31

speak with an air of importance speak sincerery, undisguisedry

speak reservedly

" Niz vorm sangtam, ontoskornnichem uroita6 "-fs heart

speak from one,r

"Dhurkan, hou dhurk bhaxen uloitam"_To speak by conjecture

"

Zhanktam, bojboj korun

" Poromporinim '3

uloitam,'_,fo chatter

"._To

uloitam

Kanxiretam, kanxiret uloitam

" Vhoddan

speak in different ways

"--To

hou vhoddlean uloitam

speak in a weak voice

"_To

speak toudly

" Hollu uloitam ', _ To speak softly " Mandd "

dborn uloitam

Sonvraxi

"-

uloitam',-fs

To speak in a group

speak in general

" Moriadin uloitam " --To speak moderately "Tokradin uloitam"_To

speak with measured language

" Hujira hujir uloitam "-Js

speak face to face

'rGhoddteak poddtem uloitam

"-To

"

Suksadench uloitam

'o

Halallit mukhim uloitam

" Kenddun uloitam',-To

"_Jg

speak to the purpose

speak rvithout rhyme or reason

"-fs

speak

joyfully

speak contemptuously

" Xubh uloitam " - To speak good words Franciscan vocabulary :

" Uloitam, boltam,,-To

speak

"Chaifai uloitam -To speak too much

"

Futfutitem,iguzgujitam

"_J6

whisper

"Bhonvaddean uloitam,'.-To speak obliquely or round about

h*,

?o-

"

Pottbhor

'6

Choturaen uloitam

"

Vhoddan

uloitam"-To

speak everything and at ease

"-fs

uloitam"-To

speak judiciously

speak loudly

" Prostaiponnim uloitam t'-To speak moderately

" Chachavnni kortam

"

"-To

speak confusedly

Iekantvaia utoitam; iekant kortam

"-fs

" Holluch, hou lohuch uloitam "-To n'Poromporinim uloitam "

"

Chabchabot uloitam

"

Zhanktan"-To

-To

"-fs

speak confidentially '

speak softly

speak in different ways

mumble

chatter

n'Mukhsudh uloitam

"-To

speak with one's own moutb, i.e. by own

"' Sotearthim, bhavarthim, monbhavem uloitam "

" Xobdbhedh

kortam

"-f6

-To

speak the

speak disguisedly

" Ottrotam

"-fs

"

Nigutaien

uloitam"-To

"

Somik, hou sovrash bhaxen

speak in dream

25. "Fazet " -To

speak gracefully

uloitam"-To

spcak in general

do, to make

fesuit vocctbulary ;

"-To do, to make " Koroitam "-To cause to do

"

Kortam

"Buzoitam, monhor kortam"-To capacitate, to persuade

"

IJsttnn hou uball korta, godmaita

"'Fag kortam

" Xim

"

khata

-To

"-To

"-To

be warm,

make courteous gestures

fcel cold

Sanz zata, sanzavta, vell

zata""-To grow evening

to swelter

truth

will

__

33

"

Hunot, vot hou dhog poddta "__To sunshine

"

Zannpozann

"

Atmo douddoitam, koia martam, prachit hou donddonna kortam ,,_To

kortam',_To

give notice

do penance

"

Upratthem

"

Gorzota

kortam',_fs turn, to reverse

"--To

thunder

'" Bhensuddaitam, bbOddusavitam, bheddusaitam,,_To frighten

" Ishttagot kortam hou zoddtam "_f6

make friendship

" Pao toraxitam hou tbir kortam, thirasonn kortam.'-fs " Ddhovllem kortam,'-To

"

Solv tem kortam "

'' Sostaitam,

stand firmry

make fraud

_To do what

one should

sost kortam, somzaitam,,-To appease

" Goddgoddetam "-To make noise

such as of cart carrying stones

" Sorboraitam,

make sound such as that of dry palm

sonsoraitam

"-To

leaves or otber leaves by wind, or walking on them

"

Paianim goddboddaitan

"_To

make sound with feet

"churuchuru zavn borsotam"-To be imbibed (water, etc.) into so' sonorously

" Pavs horsota, hou horsot

ieta

"_To

rain

" chullchuiletam "-To

make sound such as ofstarting to

make tremulous sound such as

or of urinating

" Churuchuru korun

pitam, hou chinvtala

"-f6

that of frying in oir,

make so,rnd such as that

a child sucking milk or chewing something with Iips.

-" Chandnnem poddta 5

"-To

moonshine

of

'3+

-Franciscan vocabularY : ..

Koftam,,-To

" Khoxi

kortam

dO, tO make

"-To

" Ishttagot kortam

do the will, i'e' to please

"-To

make friendship

make haste " Takit kortam, dorvoddun ietam"-To

Zannoitarc, surt kortam

"

"-fs

make known

"-fe

" Xantoitam, ogo ravoitala

make quiet

" Xeller vhata "-To blow (breeze) Zhankoitam, zollpoitam

"

"-To

make nonsense

" Sangat hou songom kortam "-Js .. Ostrie song

"

have coition with one's wife

kortam"-To

.. Vrot kortam, bhas detam

make company

"-To

make vow

thunder Gorzota, gazta, ghoddghoddta"-To

" Ghoddghoddaitam " -To make

noise

ghoddboddaitarn " " Paianirn ghoddghoddaitam' hou

-To

feet

stand firmly " Pau thir, hou thirason kortam "-To

" Promann kortarn"-To

swear

" Bagddem, veddem kortam

"-fs

make bugbear face

.. Tondd vankddem kortam

"-To

make bad face

good face " Tondd uzoll kortam " -To make

" Modd

"

kortam

" -To

Opurbai kortam

make gestures

"-To

fondle

make sound with

"_35 " Nhoi kortam "-To " Vichombitam

make not to be

"-To

" Daduleponn kortam '3

be stubborn

"-fe

act with virility

"-To

Prachit kortam, atmo donddoitam

do penance

'"Vratbond kortam"-To perform the thread-investiture (of Brahmin's son )

" Dekhnedekh kortam "-To

"-fs -" Porva kortam "-fg "

Rajik kortam

"'Ddhavllem kortam

"

pretend not to

see

make war care, to mind

"-[6

make fraud

Randop hou jevonn kortam

"-To

cook

"Battoitam, bhosttitam"-To make a Hindu to lose his castebydefiling him

{' Kutkuteitam

" Kariem,

"-To

hou prest

tickle

tortam"-To

invite

" Lab kortam"-To profit ." Man kortam"-To honour t'Borem kortam

"-To

do good

"Onuchit, vaitt, tokol mokol kortam"-To do bad !' Okhttem hou ufrattem kortam

"-

To turn, to reverse

t'Monsubhi, hou udes kortam " - To do court trial

" Bhair

boisotam

"-To

t'Solv tem kortam

"-fs

" Nosolv tem kortam

defecate

do what one should

"-To

do what one should. not

36

-"

Vannponn, hou bagddai

" Sovost

kortam"-To

bargain

hou sustavnni kortam, sustaitam, somzaitam

"-To

appease

..Ijstom hou gozom kortam, godmaitam, ubaitam, khotkhotaitam warm, to swelter 'o.Chandnnem zata hou

" Zurat " Xim

kortam "

-To

sanzavta

moonshine

salute

hou hinv khata bou poddta "

" Sanz zata,

"IJxir

poddta"-To

"-To

-To

feel cold

grow evening

zata,vell ieta hou lagta,

" Hunet hou of poddta "-To

kollavta"-To

be late

sunshine

.. Kheveadicho zatam, hou zait vetam

"-To

catch tuberculosis

" Sangnnem paitam, hou detam " - To convey mcssage "Khondd kortam"-To make agreement

" Devcharak

bhashe dhortam

" -To make pact with Devil

"-To oppress ,'Top korta6 "-fe do meditation

" Zulom

kortam

"Porvoddin choltam

"-f6

follow the custom

" Toddvonn, hou dost kortam " -To capture

" Zomo, hou dost kortam "-To

sequester

'oVirt kortam, uprajitam"-To cultivate land

"

Zatra kortam

"-To

" Bhanddvol kortam

celebrate a feast of Saint

"-To

amass wealth

" Porva, hou mannusvichar kortam

"-f6

care,

" Mollovn, hou ekvottun kortam "-To mix

to mind

"-To

be

" Monatthavn,

hou chita lavn kortam

" Attoin fottoin

j'-To

kortam

"-To

-37

do willingly

do fictiticusly

n'Alamal kortam"-To make gestures

" Ghor banditam "-fs build

26. " Fechar "-fs " Ddhampitam,

"

house

close ( Jesuit vocabulary )

"-To

ddnankitam

close, to shut

Kovodd, hou deram ddhampitam, hou ddhankitam

" Killo ghaltam "-f6 Putta hou poi ieta

" Kunvli

"-To

Tonvreta, mhovor ieta

"

Bati, hou putta ieta"

"-To

blossom (Franciscan vocabulary)

blossom (palm tree and some other trees)

futt'tat"-fs

ieta, dabnnam

t3

s Fuleta

"-To

-To

blossom (jack-fruit tree)

blossom (mango tree)

blossom (areca tree)

blossom (roses and other flowers)

28. " Ir " -To go lFrotciscan Tatatn"-To

wcabulary'\

"

Vctam,

c'

Solamoti vetam "-To go to safety

go

ttMagir, magam vetam"-fe go afterwards 'r Tolla, mulla, sokla, khala vetatn ot

Savkas vetam, zatam"

t'Mukhar,

"Lottan

-

ir

t;

L

shut the door

close the letter

27. " Frolecer (Florescer) "-To '3

"-To

-To

"-To

go down

go slowly

fucldem vetam, samora

zat'am"-To go in front

vetam, hottan zatam!'-To gush (water)

Somudrantlean vetam

"-To

go by sea

38*'Paivatten, hou pantte vetam

"

IJbot hou vhannin vetam

;

"-f6

vhanvtam, onzolltam

water with no resistance against

'" Ulonvk

go by land

"-f6

go by the current

of

it

zatam"-To go to speak

vetam, bolumxi

t'Pois vetam, durim zatam"-To go far ttSukhenanvim

vetam"-To

go in peace

t'Pollenvk vetam, bogumxi hou pavea zatam"-fs go to

29. "Langar "-To

see

put, to throw

Jesuit vocabulary: "'Ghaltam" -To put, to throw n' Upekhitam

"Provestam

"-To

"-f6

reject make entry of revenueror else in the registry

n'Durai ghaltam, hou bandtam, ann banditam

"-!s

summon,

to

serve

official notice .'' Somudrim ttankitam

"

Ankitam

"-f6

"-To

throw into

sea

draw lines on plank or cloth for the purpose of a design

<'Zanvo ghaltam "-fs bid at auction

"'Hinnxitam, khedaxitam " - To reproach, to reprehend

" Tthaim ghaltam "-Toflinquire, to

search

{' Ghalun ghetarn i' To throw oneself Franciscan eocabulary :

)i

"Ghaltam, U{oitam

"-To put, to throw

"Hat vottitam, hataxitam"-To

seize

in hand, to encroach

'a

39

"

" -To

Hatichem sodditam

let lose

" Ddangiro firaitam, hou pettitam "-To cry out " Asrivochon, asrivad, vorudban detam "-To give blcssing " Pallambtam

"

"-To

take root

Zanvea, hou paunne ghaltam

" Ghalun ghetam "-To throw

30.

r<

f,6yxp

"-fo

" -To bid at auction oneself

take, to carry

Jesuit vocabulary ;

" Vhortam, nentam" -To

take, to can:y

" Yesh, hou vash vhortam " -To

excel

" Ghuddxi ghalun vhortam " -To take hrore than due as per accounts " Xada kortam, xidi, ximirdhi hou xivirdhi ghaltam, paitam hou vhortam,'

-To

carry out, to accomplish

" Guzortam, guzorn.

somdhorn hou sovri krrrun vhortam"

-To

take into

account 'o

Dost korun vhortam"-To take with care

" Omanit, hou omant vhortam "-f6 carry something intact '

' T'ollthavor dhorn vhortam

"

--

To take o n the palms of hand

"Addangitam, addangun dhorn vhortanr"-To carry someone supporting lest he should fall

L

" Tolltachi savlli korn

vhortam

" . To take someone under the umbrella of

pilms of hands

" Yekach ghaian tuka lollovn feddin

" Lolloit,

hou voddit vhortam

"-'fo

"-I will finish you with one stroke take someone by dragging

40"'Hadd vhor kortam

"-fe

'" Khandar vhortam

"-To

carry on shoutders or back

" Vaittiver

"-fs

take

vhortam

'" Apnnea tupnnea vhora "

carry from one place to another

ill may take

-Whoever

Fr mtcis can v ocabulary :

il

''

Vhortam, nhetam

"-To

carry, to take

"' Khandar vhortam, khandim nhetam "-'fo carry on shoulders -" Yesb, hou zoit vhortam

"-To

excel

" Oddit vhortau " -To take someone by dragging "'Ghosttun vhortam"-To take someone pressed between

"

Dhorun, dost korun vhortam

'" Bollan vhortam

"-To

"'Page lavn vhortam

"'Tollthar vhortam

"-To

legs

arrest, i.e. take as prisoner

take by force

"-To

"-Js

n'Hoddem oddit vhortam

carry on tow

take on the palms of hand

"-To

take a boat pulling by rope

"'Ghoddier ghalun vhortam" -To carry oD one's shoulders n' Fageant vhortam

"

"-fe

carry in the fold of dress

Khandar ghevn vhortam"

- To carry on shoulders

"'Xidi paitam, savirdhi vhortain,

''

akhepitam

"-!e

carry out

veleavoir vhortam "-fs get a thing by catching it witb hands in the air, such as when something is thrown to a group of persons striving to catch

it

"

Boreponnim, suxaen, hou chit devn vhortarrl

"

Sukh sombhog bhogitam

"-To

"-To

live a happy life

take with care

"

Mukhar vhortam, hou choloitala

"

Guzritam, guzrun vhortam

'lambot

vhortam

31.-"

Olhar

"-fs

"-fs

"-To

-41

take in front

take into account

carry by hanging

"--To

see, ro look

Jesuit vocabulary "Choitam, polletam, nialltam, pahitam, pahantam ".-To

" Nirkhun " Ddolle

choitam

toraxitam

"-To

stare,

see,

to look

to look fixedly

"-To stare at with anger

Fr anciscan vocabulary : n'Polletam, dekhtam, choitam, avilloqhitam, nialltam

" IJnch polletam

"-f6

"-To

see,

look up

''

Magam fuddam polletam

"

Fuddar polletarn

"-fs

"-To

look back and in front

look at the frrture

"'Bhonvto, hou bhonvtcnnim polletaal

"-Js

look around

"'Pois polletam 'r-To look far "' Kator polletam

"-fs

32. " Partir"-fs

look sideways break, to go, to distribute

Jesuit vocabulary: "

Modditam

{'Vetam

" - To break

"-To

go

"

Vanttitam, vantte kortam, vorgitarn, verkitam " -T'o dislribute

"

Pexitam tt

"-fe

cut with knife into slices

to look

42-* Franciscan vocabul ary :

" Vetam, zatam, nigtam "-To " Modditam "-To

go

break with hand

" Vantto kortam, vanttitam,

vorgitam

"-fs

" Kapitam, katortam, fallitam, bhenxitam,

33. " Passar " -To

distribute pexitam

" -To

cut with knife

pass, to go

Jesuit vocabulary: " Vetam, paitam "-fs go, to pass

"

Kromvitam, gomitam, vell paitam, dis kaddtam"-To pass time

"-To cross (a river) " Balanddita-1a "-fs transpose, "

LJtortam

to pass from one place to another

"Maka balanddun gelo"-He left me out

" Onvaditam,

onvadun polletam, poddtallitam, poddtallun

test or compare a letter before reading

" Don par bavoddle,

hou lottle

"-It

it

is past mid-day

" Goi kelem "-Hs did not care, i e. ignored " Par ttankilo

"-He

waded

Franciscan vocnbul ary : "Vetam, zatam" -'To go, to

'"IJtortam"-To

pass

cross (sea or river)

34. " POr "-To

put, to keep

Jesuit vocabulary :

"-To

"

Dovortam, tthoitam

''

Vell ostomta, surio hou vell poddta "-Sun

put, to keep sets

polletam"-f6

__ " Chondr hou chondrim

"-N{oon

poddta

" Ovaih korun dovortam, hou

sets

"-To

ghaltam

put things disorderly in

place

"-f6

" Sonvorsun dovortam

" Nanv suitam, ghaltam,

put in order

tthoitam

"-To

put or give name

"-fs put on safe land "Uzo laitam hou bartam "-fs set on fire "

Toddi kaddtam, hou paitam

Fr anciscan vocabulary :

"'Dovortarn, tthoitam

"-To

put, to keep

"' Kodde tthoitam"--To put aside

" Alaxirea tthoitam, "

hou rigtam

Sovost kortam, sustaitam

" Ttopi

hou kulai ghaltam

"*To

"-To

put under proteetion

keep in peace

" -To put on hat or hood

"'Golleak ghaltam"-To put on neck

''

Kariem sompaditam, hou kortam

"-To

execute a work

"'Nanv tthoitam, hou suitam "-To put or give name

'' Tantiam ghaltam "-To

lay eggs

" Nib(hoitam " -To find fault or pretext

"

Molaitam, dharnnaitam, dharonn kortam

" Bhuim dovortam

"-f6

'' Addtthoitam, ravoitam

" Dharonn

Iaitam

"-fs

"-f6

put on ground

"-To

restrain, to repress

impose tax

t'Toddi kaddtam"-To put on sale land

4j

fix the price

a

44.. Sustaitam, sonvoddalletam, ekporvoddin ddallitam, nitin dovortam

"-To

keep in order

" Turombtam,

"

malltam

"-To

"-fs

Ostomta, mavollta

attire head with flowers

set (sun)

.,Herache suater boisotant, hou dovortam"-To put or keep in place of others

35, " Quebrar "-To

break

Jesuit vocabulary : .,Modditam, bhetitam, fodditam"-To break such as clay or wooden object

" Moddotam, bhetotam "-fs

"

Fodditam

" Doria

"-To

be broken

break such as firewood

moddota. doriant modd hou khoroi zata

" Tuttoitam "-To

"-Sea is rough

break such as thread

" Bol, bhas modditam; bolak chuktam hou

firkotam

"-f6 fail to one's

word

" Hatiar tott

zavn

moddlem"-Sword ctacked, i.e. broke with a

sharp

sound

" Tuntt'tam " --.To

decrease

in quantity or in price; to

be broken such as

thread or rope

" Ishttagot tuttly "--Friendship

is broken

Franciscan YocabulatY r, Fodditam, modditam,

bhetitam"-To break such as wood, stone, pots,

etc.

.. Ttoklem fodditam

"

"-f6

break head

Bol hou bhas modditam, bolak

chuftam"-To fail to one's word

__ " Tdt

poddtem, nutsan zatam:?'::Tci be insolvent (debtor)

"Hrmam hou sovost modditam"-To break peace treaty 36- " Rugir "-fs roar, to thunder Jesuit vocabuldry:

" Gorzota,

gazta, gorz dita

"-To

roar, to thunder

" Gantth gazta"-Entrails are sounding

" somondr gazta" -

Sea is

" Dant kirdditat "-Teeth

roaring

I

are beating against onâ&#x201A;Ź another (with cold)

Fr ancis can vocabular y :

" Gorzota, H

gazta, ghoddghoddta

"-To

thunder

" Chorchorta, korkorta "-fs creak such as sandals and

baskets

" Khollkhollta, ghuddguddta"-To sound such as stomach

" Kinnkinnta"-To hum in

37. " Ter "-To

the ear

have

Jesuit vocabulary:

" f'

Asom

"-To have

.

| -l-

e

.

-,i

..

" Obsekunn hou sekunn zat4p'l1To;sge or appear oFinous things

" Odekhtam " -To

hoid in bad

re_;urte

Franciscan vocabulary : " Asom

"-To

have, to be

" Tas hou kostt pavtam " -To

take pains

" Raji asom, hou zatam"-f6 please "Uehit manitam"- To take as reward

45;

46

--

-'Alxe, hou allos

zatam

"

"-To

Apnneank dista

"" Hoi xem dista'

"-To

be in bad moods

seem to oneself

be sure

-To

" Song hou mell kortam, hou bhogtam "-To do sexual act t' Chilvannoch lekhtam "-To belittle

'' Bhovch lekhtam"--To

have high regard

'" Jogasonn kortam

"-f6 take care '" Samball kortam " To protect " Ghorachi veavrit kortam

"'Bhidd rakhtam

" Kandivddo

"

"-To

dhortam

"-fs

look after house

respect

"-To

be modest and decorous

Laz dista, laztam, bhidd kortam "

'' Prostao, hou prostaiar

" Garz,

kam, jorur asa

asa

"-To

" --To

-To

feel shame

be right

be in need

" Zot hoa tap asa " -To have fever "'Bhuk lagta, bhuketam"-To be hungry "'Bhuk dista, hou ieta"-To feel hungry {' Ishvont zatam, kabil kortam " -To have victory

38. " Tirar "-fs

take, to pull, to open

Jesuit vocabulary:

'' Kadditam"-To

take

n'Dhonni kortam "-To clear up the ill spoken of so,ne one

" Kaddi, hou attvitte kaddtam "-f6

''

Vallitam

"-fs

be in the pangs of death

pour out broth of cooked rice

'' Mudol upzoitam "-To

"

Mojea pottar paie dile

iecover capital invested in business

"-He

deprived me of subsistence

Franciscan vocabulary : " Kadditam " -To take

" Kocide kadditam " -To take or set aside " Vallitam "-To pour out broth of cooked rice

"

Mudol upzoitam"-To recover capital invested in

br,rsiness

" Vikh utartam " - To take out poison

" Tubok

soddtam

"-fs

shoot with gun

" Danddo uddoitam " -To strike with stick " Fator uddoitam, hou martam "-To throw

slone

" Udok, hou panni kadditam " -To pull water " Yeuzun kadditarn "- To decide " Tthovnni kadditam "-fq take out provisicn " choturaen, bhavllun, parkhun kadditam" -To take up cautiously " Kodde sortam "-To move oneself aside

" Bollan

kadditam

" -To take by force

"

Sormavegllo kortam "

"

Topas ghetam, hou

'o

Vaittan, hou okhttean kadditam,r-To take with malice

-

To make

senseless

kadditall"-fs

make inquiry

" Ddolle hou netr kadditam"-To devials ,;rh,

"

Solitam

"

--To peel fruits

" Sal kadditam "--To " Bolliam kadditam

remove bark of trees

"-fs

"Ttopi kadditam"-To

Ir

take purposely take offhat

48

-

---

39. " Tomar "--To

hold to teke '

Jesuit YocalwldrY: .,Ghetam, dhortsm"-To take, to hold "" Utrak hou tokradik dhortam' bolak sampddaitam ,, ghetam"-To take a way of life

"-f6

bind by wor<l

Dikhea

" Khop,

hou bhar ghevn karie

kortam"--To take to heart

a

work

i

with hands ,..Veleavor jikhtam"-To catch something in the air or passage dhortam"-To obstruct the alley " Akhando, hou hoddvonddo take on shoulders " Ghoddier dhortam " -To one's n, Apovto korrrn ghetam"-To take into

side

grow strong "Jivak shokt, hou ton bhortam"-fo ghetam' aplea hovalea .,opokhitam, pckhun ghetam. pot kortam, pct korun ghetam

"-f6

take under one's protection

two incompatible offices or functions

"Onttvitam"-fe take up n,Bol lagta, utor yeta"-f6 ,, Utracho duves dhortam "

''

Sondi sampoddtam

others contract or get evil through

- To distrust some one's

"-To

". Folanneacho opvad moier request PlYing with his

word

be irresolute

ailo-He

is on bac terms

with me lor not com-

Francis can YocabularY :

.. Ghetam, dhortam

"

Dhortam

"'-To

"-fe

hold in hand

catch running after excuse oneself

Nib ghetam, hou sartam " - To ..Vikhedghetamhoudhortam,jivimhoumonimkopottdhortam''_Tohave ,,

ill-will

'' Xinn

ghetam, vaittar dhortam

" --'fo resent

!

"--

49

"Vaittak dbortam"-To take ill

"

Oddvando dbortam

"-To

obstruct the way

" Bhar kortam'1-To form army " Dukh ghctam

"-f6

feel sorrow

" Apnnear ghetam"-To " LJsnnem ghetam

" Mdddi,

"-To

take upon oneself

borrow

hou vattavn ghetam

" -To

get change

of money

"Budh ghetam, hou kortam"-To take advice

"

Venge dhorun vhortam, hou dhortam

"-Js

take in arms

The above iists of Konkani verbal constructions, dug out from the early missionary works, where they lie buried, represent only a tiny fraction of their inexhaustible verbal treasure, but they are not extended further as the same may exhaust the reader's patience. However a gtance over

will

to ad:Dirs the wealth and perfection of the good old Konkani language. As hinted earlier, the excellence of its phrase' ology affords an insight into the fine rules of its grammar, whicir are not made but discovered by the grammarian, just as a scientist discovers the

these constructions

suffice

laws of the Nature.

A lirguistic

propriety, almost unparalleled in the E,uropean tongues, is found in the Konkani verbal constructions, in which very often just a

or English would or sometimes when different modalities of an act is

single worded verb expresses a meaning that in Portuguese

require a long phrase,

it

by a distinct verb for each modality of actiorr, v.g. to break head is fodditam, to break wood bhetitam, to break thread tuttoitam, etc,

poorly expressed by the same verb in other languages, Konkani does

,'

I