Landscape Architecture Queensland University of Technology Design 7 by reedpeters

Floral Resources in Brisbane’s Suburban Environment Strategic Plan + Site Design Reed Peters 1

1 Introduction 2 08 10 13 16 24 29 39 45

Strategic Planning Strategic Plan Vision Strategic Plan Concept & Statement Strategic Phasing and Tactics Phase One Funding Phase Two Phase Three Phase Four

3 Site Design 56 Site Location 60 Site Photomap 70 Site Mapping Appraisal 82 Physical Appraisal 88 Site Design 118 References

BRISBANE

2km

LGA Sector

Holland Pa

Mount Gravatt and it’s surrounding suburbs is well established as a precedent for suburbia in Brisbane and South East Queensland. Worldwide decline of insect pollinator populations, calls for a need to redefine how suburbs include insect pollinators and what can be done to bolster their populations. There is an opportunity for Brisbane to be at the forefront of this redefinition and this document will outline exactly how this can be achieved.

Mount Gra

ustralia’s agriculture industry has a gross worth of $60 billion (ABS, 2019). Agriculture as a whole is reliant on insect pollinators, with 76% of all crops worldwide benefiting from insect pollinators (Klein, 2007). As the human population of South East Queensland (SEQ) and Brisbane expands, the pressure on insect pollinators increases. More pollinators are required with increased food demands, while native insect pollinator populations are being crippled by land clearing and competition from the the European Honeybee Apis mellifera. Even though the European Honeybee is responsible for pollinating a third of all food Australian’s consume, it too is under threat from the Varroa Mite, which has had devastating effects on honeybee populations worldwide (CSIRO, 2015). The impending need to protect the resources that SEQ’s agricultural sector relies on is obvious and it can start in suburbia.

Adapted from: (http://maps.au.nearmap.com/)

ark

Mansfield

avatt

Macgregor

Wishart 1km

reen spaces exist within the suburban environment and there is an opportunity to harness them to create rich havens for insect pollinators to thrive. The local community will be mobilised to change social norms in how private gardens are managed, increasing floral resources for insect pollinators. Cumulative individual behaviours will create scalable models that will expand beyond the LGA Sector and influence the wider Brisbane region and South East Queensland.

strategicp 6

plan

AIM

This project will aim to increase the population of pollinator species in Mount Gravatt and surrounding suburbs in partnership with the local community.

OBJECTIVES • Create a desire for the addition of floral resources in the home garden. • Engage the local community in the improvement of suburbs for humans and non-humans. • Change the social norm for gardening practices in suburbia. • Instill a sense of care for the local and regional ecosystems. 8

VISION

Mount Gravatt and it’s surrounding suburbs will flourish as streetscapes and private gardens fill with floral resources, attracting insect pollinators and improving their populations. Schoolchildren, residents and businesses will create a new definition of suburbia, serving as a catalyst for larger urban change.

Current conditions of one verge in LGA Sector

STRATEGIC PLAN CONCEPT AND STATEMENT he conservation of natural areas is no longer sufficient. The imprisonment of natural systems to conservation areas creates further discord between our urban fabric and natural environments and will eventuate in the collapse of the environments we are attempting to protect.The relationships must fundamentally be formed between humans and other species in order to ensure the long term success of both.The suburban environment presents an opportunity to do just that, to depart further from it’s urban roots, and embrace what is not urban; to engage non-humans and create a shared living space to the benefit of both.

This involves change on a small scale, linking together to form a network of connected actions that leads to much more impactful change. In a natural ecosystem, insect pollinators do just that, visiting individual flowers which results in successful pollination of a variety of plants, increasing ecosystem resilience. The importance of individuals cannot be understated, both in a natural ecosystem and the context of this project. The success of this project hinges on their combined effort and will be the determining factor in the successful incorporation of insect pollinators into suburbia.

Current Scenario: increasing human populations (blue) have pushed out and excluded natural systems (yellow) creating distinct separation.

Strategic Implementation: small insertions into the human systems are achieved through school and resident action.

The strategy alters the attitudes of residents, changing their actions and by extensions what their suburb looks, smells and feels like. Schools pave the way for incremental, meaningful change with schoolchildren showing what can be achieved in terms of planting and maintenance of front verges. This sets an example for their parents and guardians, translating their knowledge to the home environment. With help from Brisbane City Council, initial change will start fairly dramatically, with Mount Gravatt State School championing the transformation of their verges into havens for insect pollinators.

Inclusive Expansion: the strategy now being fully implemented, allows the inevitable continued of expansion of human populations, including insect pollinators as part of a new (beige) system.

With small scale change now started, the strategy will continue to span out to include more individuals. The non-school community will then be incorporated, forming a wider, more varied network. The third phase will solidify these networks, increasing their longevity and resilience. The bringing together of individual gardeners, residents and businesses will establish a sense of community around providing floral resources for insect pollinators. The social norm of what front verges looks like is permanently altered, changing suburbia for the betterment of humans and insects alike.

SUMMARY OF THE STRATEGIES A

four year, four phase strategic plan will be implemented in order to supply insect pollinators with the floral resources they require to thrive in the suburban environment. As per the brief, the local community will be vital to this strategy, serving as the catalyst for wider social change regarding how verges and private gardens are managed. With this in mind, phasing will begin with a flood of information to the LGA sector, educating the local community. The strategy will close with that same local community becoming almost entirely responsible for the ongoing success and maintenance of the strategy. Below are six key actions intrinsic to the strategy. Engage the community: education of the community within the LGA sector regarding how they can create gardens fit for insect pollinators. The learned information is then applied at their private residences. School programs: introduce school aged children to the process of creating and maintaining insect pollinator gardens. Council assistance: Brisbane City Council to assist in transformations of key areas in distinctly visible locations. Mobilise the wider community: locals creating and maintaining their own gardens and verges, replacing the current trend of mowing and maintaining lawns Promote competition: a sense of pride in the gardens locals maintain, especially that of the verge garden, through the application of competitions both between individuals and communities. Adherence to state, regional and local policies: used as guidelines for each strategy, ensuring they and their respective tactics hold merit at all three levels.

YEAR

2021

2022

Council maintenance

Community involvement

Business involvement

PHASE 1 EDUCATE • School children learn about planting pollinator gardens and apply their knowledge. • Knowledge is shared amongst the LGA Sector

PHASE 2 INVOLVE • Knowledge is applied practically by children and adults • Visibile changes in certain verge planting

2023

PHASE 3 EXPAND • Residents encouraged to begin their own transformations • Visibility of transformations is increased

2024

PHASE 4 INTEGRATE • Private businesses become involve • Florally verges and front gardens are the new norm

PHASE01 E D U C AT E

esidents within the LGA Sector are made aware of the issue and the ability they have to create change. The idea is to flood information into the community at a large scale, providing a base for practical change to occur. Schools will be the main target, as they provide a concentration of young people that are most likely to stay in the LGA Sector over the coming years and have the most malleable least developed ideas of what suburbia should look like and it’s role in providing resources for insect pollinators. They also affect the wider community as they interact with their parents and start discussions on the topic, outside of the teaching environment. Schools will be the first to begin creating gardens, managed by the students, on display near the front of school grounds, around school entrances and on the verges adjacent to the schools.

01 EDUCATE 16

KEY TACTICS 1.Introduction of planting programs at schools 2. Letter drops on a monthly basis outlining the potential for verges to be used as gardens and suggesting flowering native plant species that could be used. 3.The acquisition of a small suburban plot will commence. 4. Pamphlet drops withing school catchments 5. Planting programs involving school children 6. Consultations with community both in person and online 7. Consultations with indigenous community

8. Libraries, nurseries and shopping centres will help inform local residents 9. Highly pedestrianised areas identified 10. Bus routes and high car traffic verges to start being developed 11. Schools begin managing the land

01 EDUCATE 17

TACTIC - USING THE SCHOOLS • Introduction to gardening fundamentals for children going to school within the LGA Sector • Establishment of school gardens within school grounds teaching children about the role of pollinators in crop production • Planting of flowers outside schools, going through the full process from lawn removal, seed germination and planting as well as continued care. Who: Schools, Brisbane City Council, Schoolchildren Schools will be the initiator of this tactic. Their regular contact with school aged children plus their experience with education, makes for a perfect fit to educate the younger generation in regards to insect pollinators in suburbia. Government funding for schools will be utilised to ensure continued success of the program within school grounds. This will also be in adherence to state planning policies listed below: Planning for Economic Growth 2017 (Section 4, d, pg 30) Planning for the Environment and Heritage (Section 4, pg39)* Schoolchildren in combination with the schools they attend will be responsible for the ongoing success of this tactic. Funding from schools will keep the programs operation as the tactic becomes an integral part of the curriculum. Brisbane City Council will also help fund the establishment of verge gardens outside of school grounds. Relying on council budgets in adherence to local planning policies listed in the documents below: Brisbane CityShape 2026 (pg 7) Brisbane, Clean, Green Sustainable 2017-2031 (pg81, 84) Brisbane City Council City Plan 2014 (Section 3.5.1 a, d, f, Section L3.5)** TACTIC - ESTABLISHING A PRESENCE • Brisbane City Council will begin to make moves towards the acquisition of a vacant suburban lot that could be transformed into an exemplar garden. See over page for selection criteria and reasoning. SCHOOLS

Who: Brisbane City Council The council will be responsible, for locating and funding the acquisition of a suburban lot. This will be in adherence to local planning policies listed in the documents below:

AREAS MOST SUITABLE FOR SUBURBAN LOT

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Brisbane CityShape 2026 (pg 7) Brisbane, Clean, Green Sustainable 2017-2031 (pg81, 84) Brisbane City Council City Plan 2014 (Section 3.5.1 a, d, f, Section L3.5)

01 EDUCATE 18

INSIGHT - Locating Suburban Lot

TACTIC - LET THE PEOPLE KNOW

• Proximity away from schools: this is because the schools are already contributing to the strategy through the education of school children. Having the lot located away from the schools will increase the saturation and overall coverage of the strategy within the LGA Sector

• Pamphlet drops within school catchment areas, supplementing what the children have been learning at school and reinforcing it in the home environment.

• Within low-density residential housing: As the dominant housing type of the LGA Sector, the developed garden will set an example that is the most applicable to the largest (by land mass) collection of properties • Proximity away from main roads: later phases will deal with placement of example gardens and verges in more visible locations, the aim here is to make visitation by pedestrians more agreeable. By being further away from main roads, the garden will be able to facilitate better parking for visitors and a more serene environment being less noisy, both of which contribute to the garden being more attractive for residents of the LGA Sector to visit. Also, the vast majority of suburbia is not main roads, so more people will be able to relate the example garden to their own.

Endangered - Sub-dominant Of Concern - Dominant

Who: Brisbane City Council Throughout the LGA Sector, Brisbane City Council will be responsible for distributing pamphlets to residents. As the strategy evolves, the money spent on distribution can be used to employ older schoolchildren to take over, further involving the local community. This wil be funded by Brisbane City Council, in line with their local policy : *Environmental quality is proactively managed...essential to the economic development and function of the city

Brisbane City Council Plan 2014 (Section 3.5.1, i)

• Close to remnant endangered or of concern ecosystems: the importance of insect pollinators in natural ecosystems is well established. Locating the suburban lot near endangered remnant ecosystems provides an opportunity to increase the resilience of these ecosystems through bolstering the insect pollinator populations.

Endangered - Dominant vegetation

• Pamphlets will also reach residents that don’t have children, making them aware of what they can be doing. They will include information on native flowering plants, alerting them to the potential of planting out their verge and what the school programs have been doing and at which schools.

Of Concern - Sub-dominant Adapted from: (https://cityplan.brisbane.qld.gov.au/eplan/#/Property/0)

No concern at present

Low Density Residential

High Density Residential

Non-remnant vegetation, cultivated or built environment

Low-Medium Density Residential

Medium Density Residential

Sport and recreation

Rural

Conservation

Community Facilities

Water LGA Sector

Open Space

AREAS MOST SUITABLE FOR SUBURBAN LOT

Character (infill housing) Principle Centre (regional centre) Emerging Community

VISUALISATION OF SCHOOL PLANTING GARDENS IN LGA SECTOR

Special Purpose General Industry Neighbourhood Centre Rural Residential

01 EDUCATE 19

TACTIC - REACHING THE COMMUNITY The programming of education, outdoor activity and social events will be through distribution of information to common meeting places of the local community. Phase 1 will see the beginnings of this, which will ultimately come to fruition in later phases. The inclusion of the entire community is paramount to the success of the strategy, so efforts will be made to include all residents. • Information will be distributed at local libraries, shopping centres, plant nurseries and to resident’s front doors regarding upcoming community consultation • Schools will already host programs that involve the younger generation • Community consultations, held in every three months will identify what people know about insect pollinators and the level of education that will be required helping to inform strategies in later phases • Consultations with Yuggera community, inviting ideas for native flower areas to be specified for certain locations • Brisbane City Council to seek interest for establishing a community group, dedicated to ensuring diversity of floral species and overall ensuring consistency in the visual qualities of each suburb • Establishment of an online website, linking residents to further resources, providing an online discussion board, and a place to electronically submit written feedback Who: Brisbane City Council Responsibility will be on the council for the creation of informative pamphlets and posters, letting residents know about upcoming events. They will also be responsible for the hosting of said events. This will ensure feedback is given directly to the council and will give them more defined goals for future phasing, aiding in the longevity of the strategy. As the goal is to create community consultation groups, the tactic will eventually be run by these groups, with the council having established enthusiasm in the early phases. This will be the work of dedicated volunteers much like the existing habitat groups and so will require little funding in the future. Once this is the case, there will be no further input required from the council. This will be in adherence to local planning policy: Brisbane Clean Green and Sustainable 2017-2031 “Support and empower the community to be involved in biodiversity conservation on their own properties and within their neighbourhoods.” (Brisbane City Council, 2017, pg84)

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LIBRARIES SHOPPING CENTRES TO HOST INFORMATION SCHOOLS

01 EDUCATE 20

TACTIC - VISIBILITY AND ACCESSIBILITY • Target highly visible areas as potential sites for more engaging/showy floral arrangements, enticing people to slow down and become more absorbed in the change occurring in their area • The physical creation of flower beds will begin, in more centralised pedestrianised areas; places where pedestrians are known to gather: shopping centres, shopping precincts (high street and outdoor mall style) and bus stops • Bus routes represent an opportunity for people to observe the more impressive displays, these will be mapped and used as a base Who: Brisbane City Council

Mount Gravatt Shopping Precinct

This tactic involves the creation and maintenance of areas that are already the responsibility of Brisbane City Council. The initial outlay in cost will then continue to be maintained by council just taking on a different form; for instance instead of having to mow grass adjacent to bus stops, infrequent mulching other maintenance will occur. This is inline with the local planning policy:

Mount Gravatt Plaza Civic Fair Shopping Centre

Brisbane City Council City Plan 2014 L4.3 Development supports high levels of local amenity and air quality and enhances these areas, contributing to the sustainability of the city through: (a)the retention of mature and significant vegetation; (b)The retention of private open space capable of supporting trees and gardens; (c)increasing local shade cover along streets; (d)Local sustainability initiatives such as water-sensitive urban design (Brisbane City Council, 2014)

Westfield Garden City

CENTRALISED PEDESTRIANISED AREAS

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MAJOR BUS AND CAR ROUTES

VISUALISATION OF PLANTING AROUND BUS STOPS

01 EDUCATE 21

TACTIC - MANAGING THE LAND The LGA sector will be able to introduce and maintain all the tactics through management split between various groups and communities. Each will have their own ideas of what they require to benefit themselves, but together they will all contribute to the success of the strategy from the initial establishment, through to the ongoing maintenance. Brisbane City Council will be the largest contributor to the initial tactics of the strategy, after which, many of the tactics will be carried out by other groups. As these other groups become more established and more active in the strategy, Brisbane City Council will be able to put less and less resources in as schools, residents and local businesses take over By the completion of the full strategic plan Council’s main responsibility in maintaining the land will shift to include only the removal of significant sized weeds (trees, large shrubs) and ensuring ongoing distribution of information to residents and businesses. Other groups involved and how they will contribute: • Mobilise the habitat groups to do paid work, assisting with community gardening programs, establishing school gardening and planting verges for residents if they are unable • Residents will plant out their own verges and front gardens and will be solely responsible for the ongoing maintenance from phase 2-3 and into the future • Schools will work to create their own verge and front gardens, employing the help of parents and guardians to get them involved and showcase what can be achieved in their own homes, setting up a blueprint for programs that become normalised and expecting in the school curriculum • Businesses, with the help of council, will start their own floral arrangements either in pots outside the businesses, or on the verge or land if they have it. Ultimately, as phases 1-3 progress, they will decide for themselves if they want to feature flowers outside their business

Schools Residents Businesses

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Habitat groups

01 EDUCATE 02 INVOLVE 03 EXPAND 04 INTEGRATE 22

TACTIC - FUNDING Funding for all of the tactics over the four years will come from a number of sources. Brisbane City Council and the State Government will be financially responsible for the early tactics, whilst residents and private businesses will be responsible for funding the latter stages of the strategies.

State Government: statements made in the State Planning Policy 2017 require the State Government to channel additional funding into schools in order to meet their own commitments, especially those regarding biodiversity and agriculture. By teaching school children about both of these subjects and actively increasing biodiversity resilience and eventually agricultural success, the government has more than enough reason to warrant funding school planting programs. With agriculture being such large source of income for South East Queensland and Queensland as a whole, the output of finances now will reap consistent benefits in the agricultural sector for years to come.

Brisbane City Council: the maintenance and improvement of Brisbane are key foundations of Brisbane City Council’s philosophy and drive much, if not all of the work they do. Being “dedicated to a better Brisbane” involves maintaining existing systems and improving them where appropriate. This strategy represents an opportunity for an improvement for the entirety of the local government area, with the potential to set an example for the rest of state, nationally and even internationally. The input of funds into fundamentally changing how people use and maintain their front and verge gardens will not only meet many of council’s self appointed policies, but also serves to hold influence well outside the borders of Brisbane and cement Brisbane’s deserved place as a “Australia’s new world city”. The initial investment in this relatively short term strategy will allow suburbia and individual residents, more with the aims of the council, saving Brisbane City Council additional funds in the future.

Residents: with the early investment of the State Government and Brisbane City Council supporting residents, incremental change will be further applied with funding from the residents themselves. Having successfully altered the attitudes of residents, they will each have gained more enthusiasm and care for their front gardens and verges. With the ongoing competitions, this enthusiasm will not wane and will ensure they continue to maintain their front gardens with their own funding.

Private businesses: absent in the early phasing, private businesses will end up reinvesting their revenue into improving their shop fronts, creating a rich assortment of floral resources for insect pollinators. Through the early investment of state and local governments, with the addition of a change in attitude from the residents, private businesses will inevitably succumb to the new social norm in order to stay profitable. As with any free market, competition for the consumer’s dollar (in this case, the residents of the LGA sector) will lead to private businesses taking the time and spending their money to align themselves with the consumer’s wants. As the strategy begins to take full effect, and florally active front gardens are normalised, business will leap at opportunities to impresses and attract their newly conscientious customers.

01 EDUCATE 02 INVOLVE 03 EXPAND 04 INTEGRATE

Early visualisation of phase one having been applied successfully.

PHASE02 I N V O LV E

Application of more practical strategies begin. Example garden developed, showcasing complete process ie. the transformation from a traditional suburban garden to one that is supportive of insect pollinators. This garden is linked to a series of talks from professionals within the garden and horticultural industry on what pollinators provide and how residents can incorporate them into their gardens. Schools expand their trans-formative gardens to their student’s homes; students are gifted plants by the school on a regular basis to take home and plant. “Weed of the Weekend” begins: pamphlets dropped at houses, outline a new invasive weed each week that residents are encouraged to remove on the weekend. Schools within the LGA Sector also start to keep native, stingless bees. Council removes larger invasive tree species that are growing on the verges.

02 INVOLVE 29

KEY TACTICS 1. School children take home plants 2. Weed of the Weekend scheme begins 3. Council starts removing significant sized weeds 4. Example garden started 5. Website started for example garden 6. Competitions begin 7. Priority Verge Development areas outlined 8. Native bee hives introduced 9. Indigenous dedicated verges programmed 10. Floral Community Groups begin 11. Visible verges planted

02 INVOLVE

TACTIC - INVOLVE THE WIDER COMMUNITY • Students are gifted a plant every six months to take home and plant. These plants will be ones they have used previously in the school gardens, directly implementing their skills and enthusiasm from the school environment into their household, affecting the parents or guardians they live with. • The area of effect from the schools continues to expand, as more and more residents notice the now established front gardens and verges. Who: Brisbane City Council, Schoolchildren, Residents As is the goal of phase 2, children will now be actively translating what they have learnt at school to the home environment. Brisbane City Council will be responsible for coordinating with nurseries and schools to acquire plants to be sent home with school children. Going home to their parents or guardians, they begin to plant out their own front or verge garden replicating the school planting programs. This is inline with the concept of building up from small, incremental change of individuals. It also addresses the below planning policies: Brisbane City Cityshape 2026 “Patchworked together, backyards create wildlife corridors of great environmental value. As the city grows, these privately owned corridors in residential areas will come under increasing pressure from urban development.” (Brisbane City Council, 2006, pg7) TACTIC - ESTABLISHING A PRESENCE • Example garden lot acquired and transformation into suburban floral garden begins. • Website established, tracking the process of the garden in every stage, from design to completion similar to Urban Utilities Water Savvy Garden Project (Urban Utilities, 2021) Who: Brisbane City Council, Habitat Groups Having found a suitable garden lot, BCC, with the help of local habitat groups will transform a suburban lot. This will be visible for all residents to see, both online and in person. In later phases, this will be passed on to community groups to continue upkeep and maintenance. It addresses the below planning policies: Brisbane City Council City Pan 2014 (Section 4 b,c Section 3 L3.5)

SCHOOL WITH AREA OF EFFECT SUBURBAN LOT LOCATION

0 0.3

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02 INVOLVE

TACTIC - COMPETE • Beginning midway through year 2, competitions will begin, advertised by the council, setting residents against each other in order to establish the best and most improved front garden and verges. The prize will be a free green bin subscription for the two categories. In this early phase, it is important to encourage “well done” front gardens and verges in order to set a good example for other residents CAN achieve as not all residents will necessarily have the skills to cultivate and manage their front gardens and could end up giving up and leaving it to the weeds. This is why the prize is small and focused towards those that are already active in their gardens. Who: Brisbane City Council As the issuer of green bins, BCC will be setting up the competitions that allow residents to compete against one another and offering the prizes. This tactic will develop in later phases to include more prizes, appealing to a wider audience. This ties in with the concept of slowly changing people’s perspective on gardening, by offering prizes, extra incentives are given to create and manage your own garden. Policies addressed: Brisbane City CityShape 2026 “We need to work together to preserve vegetation in our backyards, particularly if it forms part of a wildlife corridor.” (Brisbane City Council, 2006, pg7) Brisbane, Clean, Green and Sustainable 2017-2031 (pg81, 84) TACTIC - COUNCIL STEPS IN • Weed of the Weekend program begins. Each week postcard letters are delivered, outlining an invasive weed that is commonly found in gardens. • Native, flowering plant seeds are distributed with letters, much like the “Woolworths Discovery Garden” project, informing and donating seeds to residents (Woolworths, 2021). Who: Brisbane City Council, Native Nurseries By funding this program early on, BCC will educate residents to the dangers of invasive species and will preemptively reduce the spread of invasive species. By working this way, they will eventually save money that would otherwise be spent on the removal of invasive species, especially if the residents start removing them themselves. Native nurseries will also get more exposure, alerting residents to their presence and providing a larger customer base. Again, small scale change being strung together is the goal of the concept, and weed removal on a scale of any kind can be immensely helpful. The policies this adheres to are:

Weed of the Weekend: S�ng�p�� D�i�� Description: Vigorous ground cover or low-climbing plant. Leaves are lush, glossy green, usually 3lobed, 4-18cm long, 1.5-8cm wide, in pairs along stem. Flowers are yellow to orange-yellow, daisy-like, 2cm wide, on short stalks above leaves. Seeds are elongated, brown, 4-5mm long. Impacts: Spreads rapidly and smothers seedlings, ferns and shrubs. Invades environmental areas. Control: Hand-pull and dig up runners. Dispose of waste carefully, as smallest cutting can regrow. Herbicides are effective. Replace me with: Hibbertia scandens Position: Light Shade to Full Sun; Well Drained. Preparation: Soak the seed in water for several hours or in agar for a few days to soften the seed coat and make it easier to remove. Incubation of the seed in gibberellic acid, at 25mg p/litre can assist germination. Fire may also crack the seed coat and stimulate germination. Sowing: 1mm deep. Cover very lightly with soil. Care: As it is only hardy down to 5 °C it requires winter protection in temperate region. Sprouting: 91-258 days.

Figure 1: VISUALISATION OF WEED OF THE WEEKEND FLYER TO BE DELIVERED

Brisbane City Council City Plan 2014 (Section 3.5.1, a, e,i)

02 INVOLVE

TACTIC -REACHING THE COMMUNITY • Resident’s invited to help develop the suburban plot in exchange for free flowering plants to take home • Addition of Priority Verge Development (PVD) areas introduced. These exist at key locations where the community is already using green space. They will take on a similar look and feel to the school verges, except now in a more public area, not limited to school children and their guardians. This will start to introduce a different demographic to verge development • First native stingless bee hives are installed in public green spaces, adjacent to PVDs to ensure floral resources for the bees • Indigenous themed verges will be programmed extending from Toohey Forest Park • Floral Community groups now established and meeting once a month • Libraries and shopping centres continue to display general information for the public Who: Brisbane City Council, Residents The wider community is now called into action. BCC is now setting up some more long term solutions to the management of verge gardens. By enabling the community to participate in the management of community gardens, PVDs and native bee hives, the responsibility is slowly being shifted so the residents are taking ownership of their suburbia and the management of it’s gardens. Whilst theses are still primarily managed by council, the community can volunteer to help do work with the council, preparing for the eventual passing of these areas to the community. The indigenous themed verges will be designated by BCC with links to the many walking trails that are accessible to Toohey Forest from different suburban streets. These will be managed by the council, with opportunity for Floral Community Groups to take over. This tactic applies the concept of creating communities that care about the places they reside in, in order to maintain and grow new communities that are inclusive of insect pollinators. Policy addressed: Shaping SEQ 2017 (Planning for Biodivesity, pg80) Brisbane. Clean, Green and Sustainable 2017-2031 “Support and empower the community to be involved in biodiversity conservation on their own properties and within their neighbourhoods.” (Brisbane City Council, 2017, pg84)

LIBRARIES

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SHOPPING CENTRES SCHOOLS PVDs INDIGENOUS THEMED VERGES NATIVE BEE HIVES

02 INVOLVE 33

PVDs INDIGENOUS THEMED VERGES NATIVE BEE HIVES Major Parks and Recreation Rural Neighbourhoods Conservation and Environmental Management and Biodiversity Planned District and Metropolitan Parks Facility Water Bodies and Waterways Corridor Value LGA Sector

INSIGHT - Locating PVDs, Indigenous Themed Verges and Native Bee Hives

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In order to create interaction with the local community, it is important that these are located in locations that are not only visited by locals, but also adjacent to and near existing greenspace. This reinforces the idea that the suburban environment and natural systems can be combined to create new communities. The indigenous themed verges follow a similar trend. Being located near the Toohey Forest Conservation Area, they are more of an organic extension of the vegetation into suburbia, again blurring the boundaries between what is natural, and what is human, removing that harsh line imposed by humans.

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02 INVOLVE 34

TACTIC - MAKING IT VISIBLE AND ACCESSIBLE • Pedestrian areas around shops have the first verge gardens developed, either through the council, or employing members of local habitat groups. • After having three key locations on high traffic bus routes identified, the verges will be planted out, again either by the council or habitat groups. All three of these locations have been chosen as they posses a pedestrian island, already having either grass or plants on them with the potential to improve the planting scheme. Who: Brisbane City Council, Habitat Groups

Mount Gravatt Shopping Precinct

This tactic concludes much of the major work done by Brisbane City Council and represents a “passing of the baton” over to the residents and private businesses. With the location of these gardens being on private or council owned land, it will be the responsibility of the council to maintain them, much like any other verge currently maintained by BCC. Habitat groups will also be utilised for the initial work of creating these verges, further instilling a sense of ownership in the community, even if the verges are being primarily developed by the council. The concept is also applied more readily as these verges are in such visible locations, there is now a sense of change in suburbia, causing residents to think twice about how they are using there front garden. The policies addressed are:

Mount Gravatt Plaza Civic Fair Shopping Centre

Brisbane City CityShape 2026, Keeping Brisbane Green

“Brisbane is the most biologically diverse capital in Australia, supporting thousands of plant and animal species.To sustain this it is crucial to keep at least 30% of our city area natural habitat.At present our natural habitat stands at 32%. We need to work together to preserve vegetation in our backyards,particularly if it forms part of a wildlife corridor.” (Brisbane City Council, 2006, pg7)

Westfield Garden City

CENTRALISED PEDESTRIANISED AREAS

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MAJOR BUS AND CAR ROUTES

02 INVOLVE

Figure 2: VISUALISATION OF PLANTING IN CENTRE VERGE ALONG BUSY BUSWAYS - adapted from NearMaps

Figure 3: VISUALISATION OF PLANTING IN CENTRALISED PEDESTRIANISED AREAS - adapted from Google Maps

02 INVOLVE

EXEMPLAR: Water Savvy Garden Urban Utilities Queensland has teamed up with the Bulimba Creek Catchment Coordinating Committee to create a water wise garden purely for education purposes. The planning, process and maintenance is all available on their website to inform and educate.

Accessed at: (https://urbanutilities.com.au/community/save-water/water-savvy-gardens)

02 INVOLVE 37

EXEMPLAR: Woolworths Discovery Garden Although Woolworth’s goals are different, they provide an incredible template for how to set up a website that informs and encourages growing specific plants at home. All stages of the seed growth are laid out as well as the continued care of the plant after germination and how to incorporate them into your garden

Accessed at: (https://www.woolworths.com.au/shop/discover/garden/unboxing?icmpid=sm-discoverygarden)

2 INVOLVE

PHASE03 E X PA N D

Competitions that involve prizes for the entire street are created, rewarding residents for planting out their verges. Landlords are informed of this so as to not exclude tenants from improvement of their street. Rewards include custom signs for the street, free plants, reduced pricing on green bins and a reduction in rates for the owners, which is translated to the tenant's weekly rent. New developments in the LGA Sector are required to designate the verge as a floral resource for insect pollinators and are encouraged to add floral resources to much of their development. Housing for insect pollinators workshops begin; specifically keeping native bees at home. As the “social norm” of having florally dense front gardens is developed, community groups are further expanded with the help of volunteers. These groups help those in their area that cannot create and maintain their own garden owing to finances or lack of ability.

03 EXPAND

KEY TACTICS 1. Example garden completed 2. Search for new example garden lot 3. Street vs street competitions 4. Legislation change 5. Insect pollinator talks begin

03 EXPAND

TACTIC - COMMUNITY TAKE OVER

TACTIC - COMPETE

• With the establishment of the Floral Community Groups and the example garden, the garden will now be handed over to the aforementioned group giving them a permanent place to meet should the climate be suited.

• Building on the individual competitions held in year 2, streets will now be pitted against each other through the use of prizes that benefit the entire street and not just those with a green thumb. Prizes will include:

• Brisbane City Council will also begin looking for another vacant suburban lot, away from the existing one in order create another exemplar garden for another community

+Rates reduction +Free green bin subscription +Native bee hives +Free plants including street trees where viable

Who: Floral Community Groups, Brisbane City Council Floral community groups, run by volunteers, now successfully manage and operate the suburban example garden full time with no input from council. Funding comes from donations and the selling of produce and seedlings grown at the suburban lot. The local community is now starting to string together their own connections of natural systems throughout the LGA Sector, with the example garden serving as a hub (seen on next page). In working on the garden as a collective, not as individuals; the community is now starting to redefine the relationship that humans have with insect pollinators within the suburban environment. BCC will also begin the search for another suburban lot, this time seeking sponsorship by private companies, who will fund some or all of the finances required to develop it into a community garden. The new lot will be located towards the edge of the LGA sector, away from the existing one. This adheres to the following policies: Shaping SEQ 2017, Planning for Biodiversity “SEQ’s biodiversoty, natural assets and regional landscapes are protected and nutured to sustain out regions’s strong and diverse communities” (Department of Infrastucture, Local Government and Plannning, 2017, pg80) Brisbane City Plan 2014, Section 3

“L3.5 Corridors within the Greenspace System reinforce the sense of identity of local communities and assist in floodway and drainage functions and safe wildlife movement.“(Brisbane City Council, 2014)

Rates reduction will also be translated to tenants in rental houses, to ensure they are not discouraged from competing. Judges will be experts or enthusiasts in gardening or horticulture and members of habitat groups outside the LGA Sector to prevent favouritism. AoE zones and where PVD’s are which can be located on page 43 Who: Residents, Brisbane City Council Streets will be able to elect themselves whether or not they want to enter into the competition. This creates a more organic, real form of competition. Due to the previous tactics in phases one an two, the streets most likely to compete will be located in school zones, or near the example suburban garden (details shown on next page). These streets will then form the new landscapes, mentioned in the concept, being both places for humans to live, but also supplying the resources necessary for insect pollinators to thrive; a whole new community type. Policies adhered to: Brisbane City Council City Plan 2014

SO3 The Greenspace System provides an effective network of green space links and contributes to a regional network. L3.5 Corridors within the Greenspace System reinforce the sense of identity of local communities and assist in floodway and drainage functions and safe wildlife movement. (Brisbane City Council, 2014) Theme 3: Brisbane’s clean and green leading environmental performance (Section 3.5.1 a, b, d, f)

03 EXPAND

SCHOOL WITH AREA OF EFFECT (AoE) COMMUNITY EXAMPLE GARDEN STREETS LIKELY TO PARTICIPATE IN COMPETITION

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03 EXPAND

TACTIC - EXPANDING THE COMMUNITY •

Established native bee hives at the suburban lots, PVDs now have the chance to be assigned to existing community groups, should they want them. Such groups may include local sports, Scout and gardening groups.

• Following up on the public hives, talks will now be initiated twice during the year on the process of creating your own native bee hives and how to manage them. Talks will be held at the nearby Griffith EcoCentre. Who: Brisbane City Council, Residents With the example garden operational and being run by the Floral Community Group, native bees will now be incorporated as part of the community. In the previous phase, this was still managed by council, but now, community groups are beginning to take sole responsibility of some of these areas. BCC will still be required in the coordination of teaching programs, but will dramatically reduce their involvement in any practical applications of the strategy. At this stage, they seek to continue and inspire the local residents, as they command how their suburb is being shaped. This addresses these policies: Shaping SEQ 2017, Planning for Biodiversity (pg80) State Planning Policy 2017, Planning for the Environment and Heritage

“Matters of environmental significance are valued and protected, and the health and resilience of biodiversity is maintained or enhanced to support ecological processes.” (Department of Infrastructure, Local Government and Planning, 2017, pg18)

Brisbane City Council City Plan 2014, 3.5 Theme 3: Brisbane's clean and green leading environmental performance

(f)A resilient, robust and well-protected system of habitat areas, connected by ecological corridors provides habitats for our rich diversity of flora and fauna species, including the koala.

LIBRARIES SHOPPING CENTRES SCHOOLS PVDs WITH AoE

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INDIGENOUS THEMED VERGES NATIVE BEE HIVES LOCATION OF BEE TALKS

03 EXPAND 43

TACTIC - CHANGE • With floral resources sprouting all over suburbia, legislation will now be applied, requiring NEW developments to include a verge consistent with the character of the rest of the suburb Who: Brisbance City Council, Community Groups, Tertiary Education Groups In this legislation, guidelines will suggest employing the Floral Community Group, habitat group, or adjacent residents to assist in either a paid or volunteer capacity. This will ensure continuity between verges throughout the LGA Sector and involve the local community further in the development of their suburb. There is also the opportunity to expand to include students participating in tertiary education, moving the strategy beyond the boundaries of the LGA Sector. First or second year QUT Landscape Architecture students and Urban and Environmental Planning students from the nearby Nathan campus, will also have the chance to collaborate and submit proposals for the design in an extra-curricular sense. Invovling tertiary education requires that new devlopments have to plan the verges and planting more carefully, as they now have a responsibility to the local community, students and schools on top of their clients. This adheres to the following policies: Brisbane City CityShape 2026, Keeping Brisbane Green (pg7) Brisbane. Clean, Green and Sustainable 2017-2031

“Establishing a verge or footpath garden helps to beautify local streets, show pride in your neighbourhood and contribute to a clean, green Brisbane.”(Brisbane City Council, 2019)

03 EXPAND

PHASE04 INTEGRATE

Expansion continues as the information flood becomes more direct to the specific area. With the addition of many floral habitats in verges and front gardens, residents are now informed through the specific talks and pamphlet of the potential to more make their gardens more appealing to specific insect pollinators. Competitions continue further with schools in the LGA Sector being put against one another for a yearly prize, focused on the improvement of previously dilapidated land to insect pollinator. Business’s are now targeted, completing the public/private sector involvement. With the established community groups, funding from private business’s is used to create floral pots to exist outside their premises, filled with plants and labels, giving knowledge on the plants contained. An open garden scheme is established, with the ability for residents to allow other residents into their garden to see their gardening practices. During this phase, flowering front gardens will become social norm having previously established the benefits to the residents.

4 INTEGRATE

KEY TACTICS 1. Broader planting competitions 2. More streamlined rewards for florally conscious residents 3. Inclusion of resident’s own exemplar gardens 4. Economic benefits for residents and businesses

04 INTEGRATE

TACTIC - ECONOMIC BENEFITS FOR ALL -With residences and public areas flourishing with the addition of floral resources, businesses will now participate in a planting scheme. This scheme will involve the council gifting businesses potted plants, to be paid back after a 3 month period, in which time the flowers have become well established. This prevents business owners being discouraged to plant flowers if they are not yet in the flowering stage and allows a test period, to see whether or not the flowers work for their business. -Once they’ve sufficiently planted out their shop fronts, businesses can apply to become a “Floral Haven” in a similar fashion to the “Responsible Cafes” certification (Responsible Cafes, 2021) The idea here is that the bottom-up strategy of starting with the community will negate or at least lessen the requirements for government grants or funding, cutting costs in the establishment of a diverse floral assemblage for Mount Gravatt, it’s people, businesses, community clubs. The cumulative impact of a complete change in the aesthetic quality will contribute to improvement of the overall suburbs which has been linked to increases in house prices (Henry, 1999). Who: Private businesses, Brisbane City Council The planting scheme will not necessarily be for all businesses, as many, on their own initiative, will have started plant out their shop fronts in keeping with the rest of the LGA Sector and wanting the “Floral Haven” certification. For the businesses that are not participating, BCC will be able to provide help with the planting scheme, enabling them to keep up with the rest of the suburb. Because the scheme is limited in it’s time frame, the private businesses will eventually take over and create floral displays on their own accord. The policies this address are: Brisbane City Council City Plan 2014 (Section 4, Theme 3) 3.5.1

(b)Brisbane's distinctive landscape character and environmental values are essential to the identity, lifestyle, economic and ecological functions of the city. L3.5L3.5 Corridors within the Greenspace System reinforce the sense of identity of local communities and assist in floodway and drainage functions and safe wildlife movement. (Brisbane City Council, 2014)

LOCATION OF BUSINESS DISTRICTS

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Brisbane. Clean, Green and Sustainable 2017-2031

“The biodiverse natural environment is an integral component of the lifestyle Brisbane residents enjoy. It also makes a significant contribution to the economy through activities such as tourism and recreation. A resilient biodiversity network also improves the city’s ability to respond to future threats such as changing climate and floods.” (Brisbane City Council, 2017, pg81)

Month 1

BCC contribution

Initial contribution from BCC will be paid back over a three month period. By the time it is paid back, businesses will have a floral display and would have a net cost to BCC of nothing.

Business contribution

BCC contribution

State Planning Policy 2017, Planning for Biodiversity

Month 2

Month 3

04 INTEGRATE

TACTIC - REPEAT • Having found a new suburban plot to develop, the same process as was achieved in Phase 2 will occur, with the development of the exemplar garden being displayed online Who: Residents, Floral Communtiy Group, Brisbane City Council, Private Businesses With the success of the first three phases now firmly established, the new suburban lot will follow a similar structure, but with some new stakeholders. Although BCC will be responsible for finding a suitable lot, they will now enlist the help of residents, community groups and private businesses to help fund the creation of a second community garden. With the floral verge gardens and the success of the previous suburban lot, private businesses will be vying to get involved in their local community to attract more customers. This will encourage private funding of what will essentially be a community lead and run garden. Private businesses are the final group to be involved in the strategy but will provide huge benefits once incorporated. As per the concept, the human systems will not stop expanding, with private businesses being a key component of this, so it is essential they play a part in the creation of new landscapes that combine the human and natural systems. The policies addressed are:

School competitions will cross over the boundaries of the LGA Sector and begin implementing the strategy in other Brisbane suburbs.

State Planning Policy 2017, Planning for Economic Growth, Agriculture

4)Growth in agricultural production and a strong agriculture industry is facilitated by: (d) facilitating opportunities for co-existence with development that is complementary to agricultural uses that do not reduce agricultural productivity.(Department of Infrastructure, Local Government and Planning, 2017, pg30)

Brisbane City CityShape 2026, Keeping Brisbane Green

“Brisbane is the most biologically diverse capital in Australia, supporting thousands of plant and animal species. To sustain this it is crucial to keep at least 30% of our city area natural habitat. At present our natural habitat stands at 32%. We need to work together to preserve vegetation in our backyards, particularly if it forms part of a wildlife corridor.” (Brisbane City Council, 2006, pg7)

Brisbane. Clean, Green and Sustainable 2017-2031 “Support and empower the community to be involved in biodiversity conservation on their own properties and within their neighbourhoods.” (Brisbane City Council, 2017, pg84)

SCHOOL WITH AREA OF EFFECT (AoE)

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COMMUNITY EXAMPLE GARDEN STREETS PARTICIPATING IN COMPETITION AREAS MOST SUITABLE FOR NEW SUBURBAN LOT note: same selection criteria was used as seen on page 19

04 INTEGRATE

TACTIC - COMPETE • Following the success of inter-street competitions, schools will now compete against one another, prizes being centred around being able to display the school’s recognition as a “Floral Haven” like the “Responsible Cafes” scheme (Responsible Cafes, 2021). This will recognise the schools as places encourage the thriving of insect pollinators and will supply them with the means to advertise this fact with a special logo. • For the children actually involved in the planting and maintaining of the gardens, they will receive hats and badges demonstrating their participation, in addition to a field trip to the Griffith EcoCentre • Residents and tenants will receive points on a scale, judged by pollinator experts and then receive an overall reduction on rates having met the criteria. Such criteria will include: +Abundance of floral resources +Housing for insects pollinators +Water availability for insect pollinators This will follow a similar method to what was used in Malmö’s Western Harbour redesign and their adherence to a Green Space Factor to create a a sustainable and nature inclusive suburb.(Quintero, M.C., Ariza, M.C., Alfaro, K.E., 2019). Who: Residents, Schools, School Children, Residents, State Government, Brisbane City Council With the schools now having established their own verge and school gardens, introducing a competitive element will both intensify and expand the strategy. With the garden scheme now a part of the curriculum and the initial outlay of expensive work complete, the schools themselves will continue to fund their gardens with help from the state government. The Floral Haven certification will be a state run and funded initiative, now moving the strategy of using schools outside of the LGA Sector to begin again in other locations in Brisbane, SEQ and the whole of Queensland. VISION Draft concept for “Floral Haven” logo to be used by schools and businesses to help advertise their commitment to providing a better urban environment for insect pollinators.

Brisbane City Council will continue to take a more backseat role in phase four,. They will be responsible for the rewards for having pollinator friendly gardens, but will not actually need to be physically involved. This ensures that it is the residents that continue to create and maintain the gardens, without the need of outside assistance. The policies adhered to are: State Planning Policy 2017, Planning for Economic Growth, Agriculture

Brisbane City CityShape 2026, Keeping Brisbane Green

04 INTEGRATE

TACTIC -REACHING THE COMMUNITY •

With the streets now starting to show signs of floral inclusion, an open garden scheme will be initiated with the aim of attracting local residents at first, but with the potential to host visitors from all over Brisbane and further. Many of these gardens will be in areas close to the school districts and the streets participating in the street competitions.

Who: Residents This will be one of the first, resident run and operated strategy. With the development of the LGA Sector over the previous three phases, the community and gardens themselves are now at a stage where they can begin to share their knowledge with other residents, and people outside the LGA Sector. This interaction between residents will create a desire to keep maintaining and improving their own gardens and inspire other residents to begin to transform their own gardens. Located just a 22 minute drive away in Wynnum, is “Bellis”, a garden designed and owned by Jerry Coleby-Williams which he periodically opens to the public. The open garden scheme in the LGA Sector will follow a similar approach, with two advertised and distinct opening times in Spring and Autumn. As the map shows, the combination of multiple tactics, further saturates the LGA Sector, creating a community that is linked, cohesive and inclusive. This is inline with the following policies: Shaping SEQ 2017 (Planning for Biodivesity, pg80) Brisbane. Clean, Green and Sustainable 2017-2031 “Support and empower the community to be involved in biodiversity conservation on their own properties and within their neighbourhoods.” (Brisbane City Council, 2017, pg84)

Brisbane City CityShape 2026, Keeping Brisbane Green

LIBRARIES SHOPPING CENTRES SCHOOLS PVDs WITH AoE INDIGENOUS THEMED VERGES

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NATIVE BEE HIVES LOCATION OF BEE TALKS LOCATION OF OPEN GARDENS

EXEMPLAR: Berris by Jerry Coleby-Williams This project both demonstrates how suburban private gardens can involve into tools for education and visitation.

04 INTEGRATE

EXEMPLAR: Bo01, Malmö, Sweden A complete redesign of this area included a focus on bringing natural systems into the urban environment. Developers had to adhere to new regulations set by the city which ensured all residences were participating.

Source: (https://www.flickr.com/photos/mariaeklind/14808414873/)

Source: (https://www.urbangreenbluegrids.com/projects/ bo01-city-of-tomorrow-malmo-sweden/)

Source: (https://www.urbangreenbluegrids.com/ projects/bo01-city-of-tomorrow-malmo sweden//)

04 INTEGRATE

sitedesig SITE DESIGN

SITE DESIGN

1km

SITE DESIGN

200m

SITE DESIGN

sitevisitation

Site photo mapping: Pitcairn Street Time of day: 4pm

SITE DESIGN

Site photo mapping: Herrick Street Time of day: 4pm

SITE DESIGN

Site photo mapping: Gaynesford Street Time of day: 4pm

SITE DESIGN

Site photo mapping: Logan Road Time of day: 4pm

SITE DESIGN

Site photo mapping: Ansdell Street Time of day: 4pm

SITE DESIGN

mappingappraisa SITE DESIGN

al SITE DESIGN

Regional Ecosystem Pre-Clear

Figure 4: Regional Ecosystems Pre-Clear (Queensland Globe, 2018).

12.11.5

12.3.11

Corymbia citriodora subsp. variegata woodland to open forest, Eucalyptus siderophloia/E. crebra, E. carnea, E. acmenoides, E. propinqua on metamorphics, interbedded volcanics (Queensland Government, 2021)

Eucalyptus tereticornis, Eucalyptus siderophloia, Corymbia intermedia open forest on alluvial plains usually near coast (Queensland Government, 2021)

100m

SITE DESIGN

City Plan 2014

Figure 5: City Plan 2014 (Brisbane City Council, 2014).

LMR2 Low-medium density residential (2 or 3 storey mix)

LDR Low density residential

CF5 Community facilities

DC1 District centre (District)

100m

SC4 Specialised centre (Large format retail)

SITE DESIGN

Land zones Pre-Clear 3. Cainozoic alluvial plains and piedmont fans 11. Mesozoic/Proterozoic metamorphosed sediments and interbedded volcanics

300m Figure 6: Land zones and Registered water bores map (Queensland Globe, 2016).

SITE DESIGN

Figure 8: Landzone 3 (Queensland Government, 2016). Figure 7: Landzone 11 (Queensland Government, 2016).

Land zone 11

Land zone 3

Short description: metamorphic rocks

Short description: recent Quaternary alluvial systems

General term: hills and lowlands on metamorphic rocks

General term: alluvial river and creek flats

Metamorphosed rocks, forming ranges, hills and lowlands. Primarily lower Permian and older sedimentary formations which are generally moderately to strongly deformed. Includes low- to high-grade and contact metamorphics such as phyllites, slates, gneisses of indeterminate origin and serpentinite, and interbedded volcanics. Soils are mainly shallow, gravelly Rudosols and Tenosols, with Sodosols and Chromosols on lower slopes and gently undulating areas. Soils are typically of low to moderate fertility. (Queensland Government, 2016)

Recent Quaternary alluvial systems, including closed depressions, paleo-estuarine deposits currently under freshwater influence, inland lakes and associated wave built lunettes. Excludes colluvial deposits such as talus slopes and pediments. Includes a diverse range of soils, predominantly Vertosols and Sodosols; also with Dermosols, Kurosols, Chromosols, Kandosols, Tenosols, Rudosols and Hydrosols; and Organosols in high rainfall areas. (Queensland Government, 2016)

Vertosols Vertosols are the most common soil in Queensland—characteristics include:

Chromosols and Kurosols Both these soil orders are texturecontrast soils. Kurosols are strongly acid (pH below 5.5) whereas Chromosols are not. Extensive areas of Chromosols are in the Western Downs and the Maranoa districts—west of the Great Dividing Range. Kurosols occur along the coast, mainly in southern Queensland. (Queensland Government, 2016)

Rudosols, Tenosols and Podosols

• brown, grey or black soils which crack open when dry

These soils orders generally have a low fertility and low water-holding capacity.

• they commonly form hummocky relief called gilgai

• very high-soil fertility—ability to Rudosols and Tenosols are poorly supply plant nutrients developed but widespread and can be shallow and stony. The most extensive • large water-holding capacity. areas of these soils are inland from These soils are the cracking clay soils of Cairns. the Darling Downs and Central Podosols occur in the more humid Highlands. A large belt of grey and coastal regions including areas such brown Vertosols also run from the New as Fraser Island and Shelburne Bay. South Wales border to Charters Podosols occupy less than 1% of the Towers—corresponding with Brigalow state. (Queensland Government, 2016) forests. (Queensland Government, 2016)

Ferrosols and Dermosols Ferrosols are well-drained soils with red or yellow-brown colour and have clay-loam to clay textures. This soil type is usually associated with previous volcanic activity and is mainly located along the Great Dividing Range. Large areas of these soils occur around Kingaroy and Atherton where they are used for intensive crop production.

Sodosols

Sodosols are texture-contrast soils Dermosols are red, brown, yellow, grey with impermeable subsoils due to the or black and have loam to clay concentration of sodium. These soils textures. This type of soil covers the occupy a large area of inland higher-rainfall coastal and sub-coastal Queensland. Generally Sodosols have regions. Important areas of these a low-nutrient status and are very soils are the Burdekin delta and the vulnerable to erosion and dryland Lockyer and Fassifern valleys. salinity when vegetation is removed. (Queensland Government, 2016) (Queensland Government, 2016)

SITE DESIGN

Site Area

Figure 1: Insert showing

500m

Figure 9: Land zones and Registered water bores map (Queensland Globe, 2016).

SITE DESIGN

Bore Reports To gain complete accuracy of soil composition, boring should be carried out in the site area. This will be able to provide the information required to ensure the most successful selection of planting. The immediate and ongoing success of the plants planted is critical to the strategy and so should in know way be overlooked. For now, the nearest boring done within the same land zone type can give and indication of the soil makeup and inform initial plant selection. Bore number RN 181363 report result can be seen in Figure 10.

g location of bore number RN 181 363 (Queensland Globe, 2016).

Figure 10: Extract of Bore Report RN 181 363 (Queensland Government Groundwater Information. 2021).

SITE DESIGN

Detailed surface geology extent

Figure 11: Detailed surface geology extent (Queensland Globe, 2016).

DCf (Neranleigh-Fernvale Beds)

200m SITE DESIGN

Potential Groundwater Dependent Ecosystems (GDE) Aquifers

Adapted from: (https:// qldglobe.information.qld.gov.au/)

Queensland Globe Mapping of surface soils (2016) shows a consistency across the proposed site of Neranleigh-Fernvale Beds. According to Beckmann et. al (1987) this geology is described as having soil described as “shallow clayey gravels/gravelly clays”. Further analysis is needed to determine exact soil characteristics. But the prescence of metamorpic rock has the potential to store and transport water see figure 12. Again, geological survey is required to ascertain more specific information.

Figure 12: Potential GDE aquifers (Queensland Globe, 2016).

No identified aquifers

Consolidated sedimentary aquifers

Metamorphic rock aquifers

Unconsolidated sedimentary aquifers

200m SITE DESIGN

Flooding Map

Figure 13: Flood Awarness Map (Brisbane City Council, 2020).

200m SITE DESIGN

Contours Map

Figure 14: Contours Map (Brisbane City Council, 2021).

60m SITE DESIGN

physicalappraisal

SU 1m

UNSET

SUNRISE

100m

SITE DESIGN

sitedesign SITE DESIGN

SITE DESIGN VISION

Mount Gravatt State school will demonstrate to the local community, the agency schools have in the creation of spaces that are inclusive of insect pollinators. Residents of the surrounding streets will start to transform their verges as they make floral links between public and privately managed land.

SITE DESIGN STATEMENT Through the progressive planting out of verges around the school, suburban streets will begin to expand the Phase 1 strategy to set a precedent for the LGA Sector. As school children help these floral havens grow, adults will be encouraged to do the same on their own streets and with the additional help of Brisbane City Council, will start to alter the Site Design Area to provide a foundation for which later phases will be able to draw on. Mixed planting palettes, subject to different micro-climates will allow residents to find inspiration from nine detailed areas of the site design.

SITE DESIGN

THE ENTRANCE

RENDER: phase 4 2024+ IMPLEMENTATION: phase 1 2021 he first phase of the strategic plan will by fully realised with the development of The Entrance. Schoolchildren will work within school grounds to learn about the planting and care of native flowering species. Selective planting will create a look unique to this area of the site that has room for experimentation and alterations. The aspect of the site as well as it’s proximity to the road is reflected in the plant choices that fill this area. The use of the existing poles outside the front of the school will allow for vines to climb serving as a visual indicator for humans and non-humans that this place cares about creating floral havens. The school itself will do much of the work with funding from the State Government and Brisbane City Council, whilst enlisting help from native nurseries to obtain the plants. This is in

keeping with the State Government’s commitment that“Matters of environmental significance are valued and protected, and the health and resilience of biodiversity is maintained or enhanced to support ecological processes.” (Department of Infrastructure, Local Government and Planning, 2017, pg18) Ongoing management will be done by the school and school children. As the phases progress, there is opportunity, as children move on to secondary school to change the visual look of the planting as well as adapting to what has and hasn’t worked. By phases two, three and four, the tactics will have progressed to see the strategy move to private residences and businesses, leaving the planting here to develop with ongoing maintenance from the school and school children.

B g H F W

1m PLANTING

imagePatenParkNursery

Banksia spinulosa golden candlesticks Height: up to 4m Flowering: yellow, Autumn/ Winter

imagePatenParkNursery

Chrysocephalum apiculatum billy buttons Height: up to 0.5m Flowering: yellow, Spring/ Summer

imageAlanFairleyv

Hibbertia scandens climbing guinea flower Height: horizontal 2-5m Flowering: yellow, throughout year

imageAustralianSeed

Brachyscome iberidifolia Swan River Daisy Height: up to 0.3m Flowering: blue & pink, spring to summer

imagePatenParkNursery

Carpobrotus glaucescens angular pigface Height: horizonal to 3m Flowering: pink, spring to summer

imageCSIRO

Gynochthodes jasminoides morinda Height: climber Flowering: white, throughout year

SITE DESIGN

HIGH STREET

RENDER: phase 3 2023+ IMPLEMENTATION: phase 1 2021 City Council will work with Mount Gravatt BRoadrisbane State School to change the pathing along Logan and create a buffer between the road and the school. This area will represent one of the more exclusively council managed and created zones. A fence will be erected along the edge of the road and the concrete path moved to meet it, allowing increased safety and a better environment for planting. With BCC creating this new area, they are fulfilling their commitment to “L3.5 Corridors within the Greenspace System reinforce the sense of identity of local communities and assist in floodway and drainage functions and safe wildlife movement. (Brisbane City

Council, 2014) They are also demonstrating their commitment the strategic transformation of the suburbs making them more inclusive for human and non-humans. The position of this path is incredibly close to a main traffic corridor and so the separation via the fence seeks to improve safety whilst also creating a habitat for local flora and fauna. Half of this development will be on BCC managed property whilst the other half will be on school grounds. Phase one will include the planting of large Ficus macrophylla further into the school grounds, to then have council remove current large weed species trees at a later date. Between now and their removal, they will be trimmed

on the road side to allow the planting of Hibberita scandens creating a low levelled wind and noise break at the trunk level. Being on school grounds, these will be managed by the school and it’s students and funded by the State Government. With the nearby Low-medium density residential properties slowly filling in, it is imperative that connects and improvements like this are made and continue to be made into the future; something BCC has a commitment to doing. In terms of phasing, phase three and four will see BCC begin to develop verge gardens along major bus routes and this design will serve as starting point for some of those designs.

PLANTING

imagePatenParkNursery

Xanthorrhoea latifolia Grass Tree Height: up to 1.5m Flowering: cream/white, sporadically

imageAustralianHerbarium

Themeda triandra kangaroo grass Height: up to 1.5m Flowering: brown, Spring/ Summer

imageAlanFairleyv

Hibbertia scandens climbing guinea flower Height: horizontal 2-5m Flowering: yellow, throughout year

imagePlantnet

Gymnostachys anceps Height: up to 2m Flowering: yellow, autumn to winter

imageANPSA

Ficus macrophylla Moreton bay fig Height: 15-35m Flowering: white, autumn

imagePatenParkNursery

Cymbopogon refractus barb wire grass Height: up to 1.5m Flowering: small, indisguishable

1m SITE DESIGN

SITE DESIGN

LOW STREET

RENDER: phase 1 2021 IMPLEMENTATION: phase 1 2021 ow Street provides one of the more unique planting palettes, due to it’s location at the lowest point of the site area and the appraisal revealing the presence of a different soil type. It is also the most shaded of the areas. This verge is right outside the school grounds and is the most accessible for school children from the school. Due to this, it will be perhaps the area that best exemplifies the tactic of using the schools to fulfil the strategy. Low Street affords regular interaction with the school, meaning that the teachers and the children will be the ones implementing the tactic and will be responsible for maintaining it. Although owned by the school, being outside the grounds will allow interaction outside of school hours, with children local to the area, being able to show their parents and guardians on a micro level what they have been doing at school. They will be able to lead them on tours of the verge and point out and describe their input on the floral haven they have helped create.

This will adhere to Brisbane City Council’s aim to “Support and empower the community to be involved in biodiversity conservation on their own properties and within their

neighbourhoods”(Brisbane City Council, 2017, pg84). So not only does it affect the parents, guardians and local residents, it also gives confirmation to BCC that the work they are carrying out in other areas is not being done on it’s own; the community is active in this suburban transformation. The potential for overland flow to affect this site does not hinder the tactic, but gives another dimension. As schoolchildren grow and move on to other schools, light flood events could disturb the planting and make way for new growth. In the latter phases, this area can easily extend beyond it’s location perpendicular to the school. As the street continues northward, there is the opportunity for school children to collaborate and develop resident’s front verges, further connecting the community. Funding for this tactic will come from the school itself and the State Government, in keeping with their commitment to ensure (4) Ecological processes and connectivity is maintained or enhanced by avoiding fragmentation of matters of environmental significance. (Department of Infrastructure, Local Government and Planning, 2017, pg39)

PLANTING

imageJamesBooth

Wahlenbergia graniticola Height: 0.6m Flowering: blue, throughout the year

imagePaten Park Nursery

Calotis lappulacea yellow burr daisy Height: 0.4m Flowering: yellow, Spring to Autumn

imagePatenParkNursery

Stylidium graminifolium grass-leaved trigger plant Height: 0.3m Flowering: pink, Spring

imagePatenParkNursery

Cymbopogon refractus barb wire grass Height: up to 1.5m Flowering: small, indisguishable

SITE DESIGN

THE HILL

RENDER: phase 4 2024+ IMPLEMENTATION: phase 2/3 2021/23

50m

1m SITE DESIGN

PLANTING

imageAustralianPlantsOnline

Pratia pedunculata white star creeper Height: sprawling, low Flowering: white, Spring/Summer

THE HILL

RENDER: phase 4 2024+ IMPLEMENTATION: phase 2/3 2021/23 he Hill serves as the interface between school, council and privately owned verges. Located on the corner of Gaynesford Street and Pitcairn Street, it introduces us to the luxuriously wide verge that Gaynesford Street possesses and why the street as a whole is the perfect candidate to showcase the tactics being implemented. It also begins it’s trans-formative journey in phase two and three. It is at this point that residents are beginning to notice the change in and around the school and start to develop their own verges. To assist them, Brisbane City Council will be developing their verges with them. This is to aid in successful expansion of the strategy as a whole, especially helping with

the increase physical labour needed to transform Gaynesford Street’s super wide verges. Grass will need removing either by force, or with the addition of mulch over a period of months. Appraisal of the soil has revealed potential clay soils that are tricky to deal with and require additional work to make habitable for most plants. Small scale contour ripping and the addition of gypsum are such strategies that the council may use to make the soil more palatable to work with. This work will be partly funded by BCC offering their services to residents who want to develop their verges. As the phases

imagePatenParkNursery

Chrysocephalum apiculatum billy buttons Height: up to 0.5m Flowering: yellow, Spring/Summer

progress, the competitions between residents will keep the residents working and maintaining their verges. By the time the fourth phase is in place, residents permitting, Gaynesford Street as a whole will be competing, creating a florally rich community in the entirety of the street. This also distinctly applies the concept of creating inclusive communities, where residents, the school and insect pollinators meet and create a new landscape. It will also allow BCC to adhere to their commitment to “Support and empower the community to be involved in biodiversity conservation on their own properties and within their neighbourhoods.” (Brisbane City Council, 2017, pg84)

ImageB

Harde native Heigh Flowe Winte

BWalters

enbergia violacea e sarsparilla ht: climbing/scrambling ering: pink, er/Spring

ImageDonWood

Polymeria calycina Height: sprawling Flowering: pink, throughout the year

imagePatenParkNursery

Wahlenbergia graniticola Height: 0.6m Flowering: blue, throughout the year

imagegardeningwithangus

Dianella longifolia Height: 0.8m Flowering: purple, Spring/Summer

SITE DESIGN

CREST

RENDER: phase 4 2024+ IMPLEMENTATION: phase 2/3/4 2021/23/24

65m

50m 1m

SITE DESIGN

CREST

RENDER: phase 4 2024+ IMPLEMENTATION: phase 2/3/4 2021/23/24

rest will use it’s sunny position atop the hill to show passersby the delight of a planted out verge. Taking form in phases two and three, dedicated residents and BCC will help smother the wide verge in flowering plants. The metamorphic rock that sits below has the potential to hold groundwater, and if properly managed will equate to prosperous display of planting for years to come. BCC will be intrinsic in helping residents develop the ground to allow for this and will use their extensive resources to ensure planting is done with this in mind. Although in an exposed position, layers of shallow rooted grass gives the misconception that this is an arid environment. With proper exploitation of the sediment both through natural and mechanical means, this will eventually flourish as a floral haven and will be a standout amongst suburbia. Residents will continue to manage this and in phase three and four, with the competitions in full swing, will be vying to best showcase their street. Crest will

be part of the wider strategy to link together green spaces in the suburbs with the help of the local community. This is also a goal of BCC and is listed as such where they say: SO3 The Greenspace System provides an effective network of green space links and contributes to a regional network. and;

Regional Planning (4) Ecological processes and connectivity is maintained or enhanced by avoiding fragmentation of matters of environmental significance. (Department of Infrastructure, Local Government and Planning, 2017, pg39)

State Planning (4) Ecological processes and connectivity is maintained or enhanced by avoiding fragmentation of matters of environmental significance. (Department of Infrastructure, Local Government and Planning, 2017, pg39)

This is not just an aim of Brisbane City Council’s, regional planning and state planning also share similar aims:

With these planning policies in place, BCC is well positioned to receive the funding required to implement, and to a lesser

PLANTING

imagePatenParkNursery

Xanthorrhoea latifolia Grass Tree Height: up to 1.5m Flowering: cream/white, sporadically

imageIpswichfirst

Geranium solanderi Height: up to 0.5m Flowering: pink, throughout t he year

imagePatenParkNursery

Banksia spinulosa golden candlesticks Height: up to 4m Flowering: yellow, Autumn/Winter

imagePlantnet

Glycine microphylla Height: 0.6m Flowering: pink, throughout the year

imageTanyaLenz

Convolvulus erubescens Height: 15-35m Flowering: pink, throughout the year

imagePatenParkNursery

Eremophila polyclada twiggy emu bush Height: up to 3m Flowering: white, Spring/Autum

imageBruceMcLennan

Senna gaudichaudii climbing cassia Height: 2-3m mn Flowering: yellow/white, throughout the year

imagePatenParkNursery

Chrysocephalum apiculatum billy buttons Height: up to 0.5m Flowering: yellow, Spring/Summer

imagePatenParkNursery

Lomandra multiflora many flowered mat rush Height: up to 1m Flowering: creamy yellow, Winter to Summer

imageAlanFairley

Acacia amblygona many flowered mat rush Height: up to 1m Flowering: yellow, Winter to Spring

SITE DESIGN

101

CORNER

RENDER: phase 4 2024+ IMPLEMENTATION: phase 2/3/4 2021/23/24

60m

66m

SITE DESIGN

103

CORNER

RENDER: phase 4 2024+ IMPLEMENTATION: phase 2/3/4 2021/23/24 orner will challenge residents to create a sea of flowering plants, the like of which have never been seen in this area. Responding to the appraisal of soil and surface geology, Brisbane City Council will again aid in the transformation of land from it’s current state to one suitable for the suggested planting. The ability for the metamorphic rock to hold an aquifer, means that carefully planned changes will enable access to this over an extended period and by extension the success of the surface planting in times of drought. Treatment of surface soils with gypsum will create more free draining soils that can better support some of the planting listing, whist others will do quite fine with the current soil. The appraisal also reveals approval for medium density residential on the northern side of the street, which means building up to three storeys. Over time, this will alter the quantity of sun on given day which will require adaptation from the residents.

Management will be resident driven, as competitions in phases three and four encourage the ongoing maintenance and enhancement of florally rich streets within the LGA Sector. With residents working on the gardens themselves, in the future they will contribute to the saturation of the strategy, especially as phases three and four take over. This then creates a scalable model, as per the concept, that can be used both throughout Brisbane and beyond. The planning appraisal’s addressed are: Local Planning 3.5 Theme 3: Brisbane's clean and green leading environmental performance 3.5.1 1. Strategic outcomes The strategic outcomes for clean and green leading environmental performance are:

(e)Ecosystem services are the goods and services provided by natural, modified and urban ecosystems that benefit, sustain and support the wellbeing of people. Ecosystem services are valued, maintained, protected and enhanced. (f)A resilient, robust and well-protected system of habitat areas, connected by ecological corridors provides habitats for our rich diversity of flora and fauna species, including the koala. State Planning Biodiversity “Matters of environmental significance are valued and protected, and the health and resilience of biodiversity is maintained or enhanced to support ecological processes.” (Department of Infrastructure, Local Government and Planning, 2017, pg18)

PLANTING

imagePatenParkNursery

Xanthorrhoea latifolia Grass Tree Height: up to 1.5m Flowering: cream/white, sporadically

imageL.VonRichter

Ranunculus lappaceus common buttercup Height: up to 0.7m Flowering: yellow, Spring to Summer

imageAustralianSeed

Brachyscome iberidifolia White Swan River Daisy Height: 0.3m Flowering: white, Spring/Summer

imagePlantnet

Glycine microphylla Height: 0.6m Flowering: pink, throughout the year

C H F th

imageTanyaLenz

Convolvulus erubescens Height: 15-35m Flowering: pink, throughout he year

imagePatenParkNursery

Actinotus helianthi sydney flannel flower Height: up to 0.5m Flowering: white, Spring/Summer

imagePatenParkNursery

Brachyscome multifida cut leaf daisy Height: 0.5m Flowering: pink/white, Autumn/Spring

imagePatenParkNursery

Chrysocephalum apiculatum billy buttons Height: up to 0.5m Flowering: yellow, Spring/Summer

imagePatenParkNursery

Lomandra multiflora many flowered mat rush Height: up to 1m Flowering: creamy yellow, Winter to Summer

imageAlanFairley

Acacia amblygona many flowered mat rush Height: up to 1m Flowering: yellow, Winter to Spring

SITE DESIGN

105

THE HILL

CORNER

SITE DESIGN

106

MT GRAVATT STATE SCHOOL CREST

SITE DESIGN

107

SITE DESIGN

108

SCHOOL ZONE

RENDER: phase 3 2023 IMPLEMENTATION: phase 1 2021 The existing slither of green space wedged between the concrete footpath and the road, provides nothing but practical walking space and opportunistic crossing of the road at hazardous locations. With this in mind, funded by the State and Local Government, work will begin in phase one that sees the moving of the concrete path to the road side and the installation of a fence. This separates road an pedestrian traffic and instead channels pedestrians to go to the nearby, manned pedestrian crossing on Herrick Street. Not only does this make for a safer crossing, it also allows the school side of the footpath to include flowering planting. Relocating the planting to one side also serves to alter the relationship the school children have with suburban plants. As it stands, the grass strip is heavily walked on, indistinguishable between pathand planted verge. Carried out by Brisbane City Council, the implementation of this tactic will create an area that the school will continue to manage into the future. This adheres to the local and state planning policies of: Local Planning “Support and empower the community to be involved in biodiversity conservation on their own properties and within their neighbourhoods.” (Brisbane City Council, 2017, pg84)

State Planning “Matters of environmental significance are valued and protected, and the health and resilience of biodiversity is maintained or enhanced to support ecological processes.” (Department of Infrastructure, Local Government and Planning, 2017, pg18) With flowering plants now located in a more protected space, immediately the brief is dictating the design, changing the social norms of how public green space is valued. With Brisbane City Council implementing and funding this tactic, the school will then take over the space and be responsible for the maintenance into the future. This is in keeping with the strategic concept, that outlines that it is the community that are key to the success of the strategy and cannot rely on external help for maintenance. The design and plant selection reflects the site appraisal, with particular reference to the highly degraded grass identified

in figure informing the decision to relocate the planting bed. The aspect of the site is also key, with it’s proximity to northward positioned buildings, lower quantity of sun is received during the day which is again, reflected in the planting.

PLANTING

imageMFagg

Pandorea jasminoides Bower vine Height: climber Flowering: cream/pink, Spring/Summer

imageAustralianHerbarium

Goodenia ovata gold cover Height: sprawling Flowering: yellow, Spring/Summer

imageAlanFairleyv

Hibbertia scandens climbing guinea flower Height: horizontal 2-5m Flowering: yellow, throughout the year

ImageBWalters

Hardenbergia violacea native sarsparilla Height: climbing/scrambling Flowering: pink, Winter/Spring

imageAustralianPlantsOnline

Myoporum parvifolia Myoporum broadleaf Height: groundcover Flowering: white, Spring/Autumn

SITE DESIGN

109

existing

110

NEW!

1:50

SCHOOL ZONE Model: phase 3 2023 IMPLEMENTATION: phase 1

SITE DESIGN

112

THE CONNECTION RENDER: phase 3 2023 IMPLEMENTATION: phase 2/3 2022/23

he Connection is formed between private land and public TBrisbane property on Herrick Street. Here, phase one will again since City Council move the footpath to the outer edge of the verge, giving private residences an increased sized verge whilst also creating safer pedestrian crossing habits with the sporadic placement of fencing along the road. This immediately increases the green space available to residents of the road and provides further opportunity for them to develop a verge garden of their own. In doing the footpath works, BCC will also plant out the new garden area with the selected planting palette. For the first phase, BCC will be responsible for maintaining this area, but with the proximity to the school and it’s planting program, by phases three and four, residents will be maintaining and altering their verge as they see fit. The Connection is a a representation of the collaboration of BCC and the community and will serve as a blueprint for tactics in later phases, such as the development and handing over of the example garden lot to the local community. This will be funded in phase one by BCC, but as the strategy takes hold of the LGA, residents will start to fund the maintenance of these verges themselves. Local planning policy will be the driver for the involvement of BCC in

developing The Connection and will adhere to the following policies: SO3 The Greenspace System provides an effective network of green space links and contributes to a regional network. L3.5 Corridors within the Greenspace System reinforce the sense of identity of local communities and assist in floodway and drainage functions and safe wildlife movement. (Brisbane City Council, “Support and empower the community to be involved in biodiversity conservation on their own properties and within their neighbourhoods.” (Brisbane City Council, 2017, pg84) “Patchworked together, backyards create wildlife corridors of great environmental value. As the city grows, these privately owned corridors in residential areas will come under increasing pressure from urban development.” (Brisbane City Council, 2006, pg7)

PLANTING

imagePatenParkNursery

Chrysocephalum apiculatum billy buttons Height: up to 0.5m Flowering: yellow, Spring/ Summer

imagePatenParkNursery

Lomandra multiflora many flowered mat rush Height: up to 1m Flowering: creamy yellow, Winter to Summer

ImageBWalters

Hardenbergia violacea native sarsparilla Height: climbing/scrambling Flowering: pink, Winter/Spring

imageAlanFairley

imageAustralianPlantsOnline

Acacia amblygona many flowered mat rush Height: up to 1m Flowering: yellow, Winter to Spring

imageAustralianSeed

Brachyscome iberidifolia White Swan River Daisy Height: 0.3m Flowering: white, Spring/ Summer

SITE DESIGN

113

1m SPECULATIVE PLANTING

imageL.VonRichter

Ranunculus lappaceus common buttercup Height: up to 0.7m Flowering: yellow, Spring to Summer

imagePatenParkNursery

Brachyscome multifida cut leaf daisy Height: 0.5m Flowering: pink/white, Autumn/ Spring

imagePatenParkNursery

Actinotus helianthi sydney flannel flower Height: up to 0.5m Flowering: white, Spring/ Summer

imagePatenParkNursery

Chrysocephalum apiculatum billy buttons Height: up to 0.5m Flowering: yellow, Spring/ Summer

imageAustrlianSeed

Hovea acutifolia purple pea bush Height: up to 1.5m Flowering: pink, Winter/Spring

ImageBWalters

Hardenbergia violacea native sarsparilla Height: climbing/scrambling Flowering: pink, Winter/Spring

SITE DESIGN

114

SUBURBAN STREET RENDER: phase 4 2024+ IMPLEMENTATION: phase 2 2022

uburban Street is just that, it is a strip of housing located between Mount Gravatt State School and ST Agnes OSHC. This is a prime example of available green space, nestled into suburbia, ripe to be developed over time by the residents to incorporate a floral haven for insect pollinators. This will be the only area of the site design that is entirely developed by residents of their own accord with no help from Brisbane City Council. It will be funded by the residents and maintained by them. This will start to occur from phase 2 onwards, with the introduction of competitions and the surrounding school area, inclusive of Gaynesford Street and Logan Road already having exhibited dramatic transformation. The new landscapes, created organically by residents, that are discussed in the strategic plan concept take form at Suburban Street. As the strategy evolves, the incremental and less regimented development of this area will demonstrate to other residents of the LGA Sector and Brisbane’s suburbia, what can be achieved by switching maintenance practices from that of the mowing of lawns, to that of mulching and weeding their verge gardens. This exemplifies the tactic of “using the schools” and the influence they can have on privately owned land management practices. Because this will be run by residents, the planting scheme is speculative and draws from the planting in other areas developed by the school and BCC. This is inline with local planning policies as follows:

imageAudreyGaff

Acacia amblygona Height: 0.6m Flowering: blue, Spring to Autumn

“Patchworked together, backyards create wildlife corridors of great environmental value. As the city grows, these privately owned corridors in residential areas will come under imageAustralianPlantsOnline increasing pressure from urban development.” (Brisbane City Council, 2006, pg7) Verge gardens Establishing a verge or footpath garden helps to beautify local streets, show pride in your neighbourhood and contribute to a clean, green Brisbane. Brisbane City Council has developed Verge Garden Guidelines to help residents who are interested in establishing a verge garden to selfassess their compliance with Council requirements. The guidelines support Council’s vision of a clean, green city that protects and supports our subtropical environment by sustainably managing and caring for our natural environment and resources.(Brisbane City Council, 2019) “The biodiverse natural environment is an integral component of the lifestyle Brisbane residents enjoy. It also makes a significant contribution to the economy through activities such as tourism and recreation. A resilient biodiversity network also improves the city’s ability to respond to future threats such as changing climate and floods.” (Brisbane City Council, 2017, pg81)

imageAustralianSeed

Brachyscome iberidifolia White Swan River Daisy Height: 0.3m Flowering: white, Spring/ Summer

SITE DESIGN

115

Australia Bureau of Statistic. (2017). 2016 Census QuickStats.https:// quickstats.censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/2016/quickstat/ 303031063?opendocument Beckmann, G., Hubble, G., & Thompson, C. (1987). The soil landscapes of Brisbane and south-eastern environs . Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Australia. Brisbane City Council. 2020. Flood Awarness Map. Accessed June 11, 2020. http:// floodinformation.brisbane.qld.gov.au/fio/ Brisbane City Council. (2014). City Plan 2014 [2014 Planning Map of Brisbane LGA]. Retrieved from https:// cityplan.brisbane.qld.gov.au/eplan/#/Property/1SP265246 Brisbane City Council. 2021. Contours Map. Accessed June 11, 2020. https://cityplan.brisbane.qld.gov.au/ eplan/#/Property/0 Coleby-Williams, J. 2021 Bellis.https://jerry-coleby-williams.net/bellis/ Queensland Government. 2016. "Land zone Definitions." Accessed June 11, 2021. https:// www.qld.gov.au/environment/plants-animals/plants/ecosystems/descriptions/land-zones Queensland Globe. 2018. Land zones. Accessed June 11, 2021. https:// qldglobe.information.qld.gov.au/qldglobe/public/water-plan-areas-1 Queensland Government. 2016. “Common Soil Types” Accessed June 12, 2021. https:// www.qld.gov.au/environment/land/management/soil/soil-testing/types?fbclid=IwAR3qIWLzOXi7vjtuZU2DhDF5XJu5EQTaqg-0m6QSuEZ46vC7AIpU0v_wgA Queensland Government Groundwater Information. 2021. Bore Report. file:///C:/Users/ Reed%20Peters/Downloads/borereportexternal_RN181363_20210612110522044.pdf Queensland Globe. 2018. Regional Ecosystem Mapping. Accessed June 11, 2021. https:// qldglobe.information.qld.gov.au/qldglobe/private/mge Responsible Cafes. 2021. Why Register? https://responsiblecafes.org/why-register/ Urban Utilites. 2021. Water savvy gardens. https://urbanutilities.com.au/community/save-water/watersavvy-gardens

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Landscape Architecture Queensland University of Technology Design 7

Articles inside

Funding

Phase Four

Site Location

Phase Two

Phase One

Strategic Phasing and Tactics

Strategic Plan Vision

Strategic Planning