Curlew Keys Reed Peters SITE ANALYSIS
CONCEPTUAL DESIGN
DEVELOPED DESIGN
CONSTRUCTION DOCUMENTATION
The State of Shorncliffe
Shorncliffe seems to have contradictory aims when looking at shorebirds that visit and use the area. On the one hand, you have a myriad of signs both on the shore front and at Dowes Lagoon identifying and stressing the importance of the area to migratory birds. However, there are also indications of a different story. Use of the foreshore by humans and dog walkers is conversely encouraged. Is there a way to incorporate both?
photos by Reed Peters
Mapping and Analysis
photos by Reed Peters
Eastern Curlew
(Numenius madagascariensis)
Summer nesting site
Eastern Curlew population n has dropped by 65% sincee 2010, now declining at a rate of 6% per year. r r. (Reid and Park, 2003). 3)).
-Population loss of 80% since 1990 (Reid and Park, 2003). -Significant habitat loss in China and North Asia particularly in the Yellow Sea (Reid and Park, 2003). -65% of the tidal flats in the Yellow Sea lost to development since 1950 (Driscoll, 2003).
Feeding stop off on route between feeding and breeding
Curlews spend the non-breeding season along coastlines and sheltered bays in Australia feeding on intertidal invertebrates at low tide and retreating to roosts on beaches, mangroves, dykes and ponds at high tide (Higgins and Davies 1996). Since European settlement (of
Australia) approximately 50%
East-Asian Australasian flyway
Southern Hemisphere feeding grounds (September - April)
of Australia’s non-tidal wetlands have been converted to other uses (Morrison).
Dries at low tide (LAT) Ramsar designated wetlands Water depth 0 - 1m
Area of wetlands or mudflats recognised as of international importance. Need to be retained and maintained.
Water depth 1 - 2m
N
0
0
200
m 800m 800
Water depth 2 - 5m
N
m 800
0
Waterbodies Estaurine RE Estaurine Waterbody
Geology Sedimentary Rocks Alluvia Low-lying Coastal Swamps Coastal Sand Masses
Prolific sedimentary rock around headland a sign of devlopment through the deposition of mineral and organic matter over thousands of years.
N
0
0
200
Layered organic matter and minerals
800m m
800
N
0
m 800
Marine Vegetation Salt Marsh Mangroves
Moreton Bay Marine Park Habitat Types Bioturbated mud
Mangroves/intertidal habitat Marine national park zone
N
0
0
200
m 800m 800
Conceptual Process
photos by Reed Peters
N
0 0
100
m 400
400m
The Eastern Curlew relies on two habitats when in the Southern Hemisphere. It needs a feeding ground and a roosting habitat. The RAMSAR listed wetlands within the Shorncliffe area are viable as feeding grounds as they exceed the recommended minimum area of shorebird foraging habitats (Zharikov, Yuri & Milton, David, 2009). However there is no such roosting habitat for the birds. The roosting area needs to exceed the king tide height AND be open with a “viewshed” for the birds of at least 200m.
Figure 1: insertion of artificial island in Hartlepool, England
200m
A study done on an artificially created roost island in Hartlepool, England, showed that significant disturbance to migratory birds will very much determine their roosting habits (Burton, Evans, Robinson, 1995). Figure 1 shows the inserted, kidney -shaped island from the study, which proved far less successful than anticipated due to its proximity to human activity on the South Pier. The distinct separation of the roosting habitat is the best way to ensure there is no chance of anthropological disturbance.
Buffering islands reducing wave action Adding more than one island can allow for a range of habitats for all migratory birds and not just the Eastern Curlew and the creation of a small bay around the headland. This will continue to reduce wave action and encourage the formation of vegetation along the coastline. The increase in vegetation along the coast will also contribute to the creation of new land, as an increase in organic matter from the newly established vegetation settles and forms new soil.
e av W
ti ac
on
Eastern Curlew Viewshed
Layering of dead organic matter over time contributes to sedimentary soil development
Roots stabilizing soil on slope
Water Flowing out of Cabbage Tree Creek
on c ti Wa ve a
ARTIFICIAL CREATION OF ISLAND: The strict requirements of the Eastern Curlew suggests a need for a roosting habitat that is currently in scarce supply in Moreton Bay. With sea level rise, these roosting areas are only going to become more infrequent. Reduction of wave action encourages natural build up of sediment
B Tr oat p ee a Cr ssa ee ge k ou to fC
ab ba ge
B
A
A
There is the opportunity for a design intervention to create such a habitat with the hope of attracting the critically endangered bird to the area. The island could also offer a dual purpose, helping curb erosion on the mainland through the natural settling of sediment, due to reduced wave action.
Sediment being layered up, combating erosion
Sea level changes
Initial theoretical sketch
B
Natural mangrove movement Sea levels rising
As sea levels rise, the natural progression involves erosion of terrestrial land creating a new intertidal zone. CURRENT SLOPE: Steep slope, water set to rise and continue eroding headland.
The mangroves found at Shorncliffe (Avicennia marina) cannot survive with consistently inundated roots, so exist solely in the intertidal zones.
A
As such the mangrove system is expected to move further inland to accommodate for these specific conditions.
B
B A
POTENTIAL INTERVENTION: Graduation of slope, allows vegetation to establish (including mangroves in high tide line) combating erosion and adapting to.
A B
A study done in Moreton Bay, on the suitability of roosting habitats for migratory birds has some recommendations in relation to their size and shape.
“Our results suggest that within the bio-geographical setting of the study (Moreton Bay), species richness and abundance of shorebirds will be maximised at roosts with a large viewshed, irregular shape,and adjacent to the shoreline and a foraging area” (Zharikov, Yuri & Milton, David, 2009).
Existing islands within Moreton Bay were also used as inspiration for the shape, particularly the curvature of Crab Island in relation to Moreton Island. It is important to mimic the natural processes to ensure longevity and the establishment of a natural system.
Shape experimentation
Conceptual Design
photos by Reed Peters
A B
A
Although this concept is focused around the Eastern Curlew, part of the long term plan, involves better education and understanding of the birds and their needs. The existing foot path skirting around the headland will be redirected up to higher ground, allowing for residents and tourists to view the birds without disturbing them.
Rough perspective from viewing platforms
0
25
50m
B
D C B
The primary Curlew island is located close enough to foraging and feeding areas, meets their viewshed requirements and is sufficiently distanced from potential anthropological disturbances. It is also importantly located above the Highest Astronomical Tide for the region, making the island suitable throughout the season.
A
A
+3m
The two smaller islands, help slow wave action and also provide potential habitats for other migratory birds, with different requirements to the Eastern Curlew.
C
0
25
50m
D
B
initial visualisation
Curlew Keys The Eastern Curlew is critically endangered. Along with 40,000 other migratory birds, it flocks to Moreton Bay each year to rest and recharge before their enormous flight to breeding grounds situated as far away as Siberia. Shorncliffe is lucky enough to host these birds for several months a year, and so share the responsibility of ensuring their survival.
CURLEW KEYS will provide a safe roosting habitat for Eastern Curlews and other migratory birds, using natural systems to combat erosion and sea level rise. The The visitors and residents of Shorncliffe Shorncliffe alike will be connected to the Keys keys through visual means.
Creating Islands
photos by Reed Peters
appendix A creating islands This model was made and animated to show how the islands could contribute to sediment build up on the Shorncliffe Peninsula. Methods of island creation were then explored.
appendix C
appendix A
Very early model made and animated to show how the islands can contribute to sediment build up on the Shorncliffe Pennisula. Ended up focusing far more on the induvidual islands, but this is still holds relavence on a larger scale.
Thought process behind the choice to use caissons. In summary, it’s a constructed habitat anyways and there is evidence that the birds are not discrimatory towards human created habitats (appendix B).
Thought process behind the choice to use caissons. In summary, it’s a constructed habitat anyways and there is evidence that the birds are not discrimatory towards human created habitats (appendix B).
appendix B Darwin Harbour, is a known, constructed habitat that the Curlew’s frequent.
Planning to get an idea of the size a caisson can go up to i.e would an island be one caisson? or made up of smaller ones? Settled on 20x20m as a feasible size, seeing as they made as large as 24x66m. Thought keeping them consistently square in form would be most effiecient in terms of production and can then easily be put side by side to create different shapes.
Thought process behind the decision to use caissons. There is sufficient evidence that the birds are not discriminatory towards human created habitats (Lilleyman, 2018). By using caissons, there is more flexibility with habitat creation and a smaller impact on the existing
creating islands creating islands
How could caissons be manipulated to their full potential? With the simplicity of the square How are islands How do humans make format, there made? is the ability to create different islands? What have the Eastern Curlew islands withislands variable habitats. been known to use? These thoughts were critical in coming to the final design solution for CURLEW KEYS (see Appendix A and B). Caissons were chosen as the format for the islands and then further explored here.
creating islands A more realistic visualisation of an island that is dedicated to the Eastern Curlew.
Lower caissons can provide protection when the wind picks up Opportunity for establishment of underwater communities
Varied height of caissons, allow birds to choose where to roost
Final Design
photos by Reed Peters
1. curlew island
The primary purpose of this design is to provide a habitat in which the critically endangered Eastern Curlew can survive and thrive. The requirements for this island were as follows: -eleongated and adjacent to shoreline and feeding areas -different elevations, supporting various levels of inundation at different tide heights -an elevated space that is above the king tide height, therefore able to be used throughout the feeding season without the birds having to relocate -a large viewshed safe from anthropotic distrubance and clear of vegetation
0
20m
The island is designed to be viable for years to come even with the increase in the sea level. This is partly done by the differing heights of the caissons, ensuring there will always be a place for the birds to roost. Another strategey used is the insertion of a breakwater further out, slowing wave action and allowing sediment to settle. The other islands created also serve a purpose aside from supplying other habitats for migratory birds. The collection of vegetated keys will provide additional protection from weather events like storms and heavy winds. In the very far future, should this island eventually be fully absorbed into the ocean, the vegetated islands will provide an alternate for the Curlew due to their significantly more effective methods of creating land.
1. CURLEW ISLAND
1. cu e island curlew sa d
2050 2050 Highest Astronomical Tide (HAT) Sea Level Lowest Astronomical Tide (LAT)
1:200
2100 2100
1:200
The slowing of wave action provided by the breakwater will create a scenario where by sediment is allowed to settle. Over time, small marine plants will establish in the mud and help provide stability.
Sea Level Rise Deposition of sediment
2. callitris island
2050
0
20m
The Callitris Island will, evnetually consist of one dominant vegetaion type and species, namely Callitris columellaris. In the initial stages, the island will be filled with heavy sediment and planted with saplings and coastal groundcovers. Combined, these will aid in the retention of sediment until the saplings are well established.
2060+
0
20m
In it’s final stages, the higher areas of the island that are not subject to consistent inundation will be home to a Callitris forest with mix of Cassuarina equisetfolia. The lower areas will have captured finer sediment and will be supporting a habitat, similar to that seen on the adjacent RAMSAR wetlands. This is paricularly important in regard to sea level rise as, the natural progression of the wetlands inland is haltered by human constructed hard lines, like the concrete bikeway that currently exists north of Shorncliffe Penisular.
2. CALLITRIS ISLAND 2050 2050
2 callitris island
Callitris columellaris Casuarina equisetifolia
Casuarina equisetifolia
1:200
2060+ 2060+
1:200
A now established dune system continues to catch incoming sediment courtresy of slowed wave action and incoming winds. Falling organic matter also contributes as is the case in a forest system.
3. mangrove island
2050 0
20m
Mangroves are notoriously difficult to plant and have an extremely low success rate (Wetland International, n.d). The best option is to provide the correct environment for the plant to naturally germinate. This constructed island is well within the range of the existing mangroves of Moreton Bay and so should, over time establish a mangrove forest. The central caission is shaped as such to be extremnely protected from currents running parallel to the bay. At insertion however, heavy sediments will be laid withing the caisons to give a base for the finer sediment to build up on.
2100 0
20m
Come the year 2100, the mangroves will have established a presence on the island, creating a brand new mangrove colony seperate from the mainland, providing further feeding grounds and roosting habitats for other migratory birds that are not the Eastern Curlew.
3. MANGROVE ISLAND BREAK WATER
3. mangrove island
2050 2050
1:200
2100 2100
1:200
Slowed waves enocurage sediment build up and provide favourable conditions for the germination of Avicennia marina. In turn, the stabilising root system and accumulation of organic matter aids in the natural land building process.
The structure of the breakwater also provides the opportunity for marine life to develop and thrive within the many crevices. Potential variations of seaweed, algae and even coral have all been recorded inhabiting such structures within Moreton Bay (Harris, 2002).
mangrove island View of mangrove islands looking towards the in 2100 once fully established.
4. eucalypt island
2100
2050 0
20m
The Eucalypt island is the largest vegetated island of the keys due to the sheer size of it’s indicative species Eucalypt pillularis. This also means that there needs to be multi stage planting and management in order to create the necessary conditions. The initial planting will resolve around establishing suitable soil conditions for the eucalypt. Nitrogen fixing species are planted aswelll as strong sediment stabilisers.
0
20m
The final vegetated island will be a dense Eucalypt forest. This will provide a unique habitat for birds safe from human disturbance. As the forest continues to grow, organic matter will layer up on the forest floor, slowly building up the island in a natural process, providing a way in which the island will survive long into the future.
4. EUCALYPT ISLAND 2050 2050 2050
Acacia longifolia
Casuarina equisetifolia
Acacia longifolia
Casuarina equisetifolia
1:200 1:200
1:200
1:200 1:200
1:200
2070 2070 2070
Eucalyptus pillularis introduced once the soil has become more established and is able to provide the nutrients the tree requires. Eucalyptus pillularis introduced once the soil has become more established and is able to provide the nutrients the tree requires.
4. euca ypt island eucalypt sa d 4. euca ypt island eucalypt sa d
4. EUC ALYPT ISLAND 4. eucalypt island
2100 2100
1:200
Removal of some understory will be required (primarily the Acacia longifolia) in order to allow the Eucalypts to thrive. In a natural setting, this would be achieved through sporadic fires, however in this constructed environment, it needs to be initated by humans, using fire or other methods.
eucalypt island
Eucalypt Island
Eucalypt Island in 2100
Callitris Island Mangrove Island
3 4
2 1
5
MASTERPLAN
0
1. CURLEW ISLAND Situated in an exposed postion to discourage the establishment of dense vegetation. Kept 4. MANGROVE ISLAND well clear of the constructed channel coming Attempt at simulating the natural environment out of Cabbage-Tree to avoid anthropological of Avicennia marina. The location just behind disturbance. the breakwater will speed up the natural sediment deposition that provides the base for 2. EUCALYPT ISLAND which they can grow. Closest to the mainland and the best protected from wind and large wave action. Allows for the 5. BREAKWATER establishment of more dense Eucalypt forest. Crucial to the success of the MANGROVE 3. CALLITRIS ISLAND and CURLEW ISLAND. Reduces wave action, especially in storm situations, allowing natural More exposed and vegetated with the more sediment deposition on oth the islands as well as common coastal species, known to do well in 50m the Shorncliffe Headland. similar conditions.
curlew keys
Curlew Keys in the year 2100
Curlew Island
Eucalypt Island
Mangrove Island Callitris Island
SHORNCLIFFE
These species will be used as ‘pioneer species’ for the development of vegetation on the islands. They will serve two primary purposes: stabilising the physical structure of the sediment and establishing nutrients in the soil. The low lying groundcover of the Carpobrotus glaucescens, Ipomoea pes-caprae and Spinifex sericeus are well suited to coastal conditions and are crucial in the natural process of dune creation, due to their stabilisation and catchment of sediment (Jenks, 2018). The Acacia longifolia is also a notorius pioneer species on the coast of Eastern Australia. This is a fast growing legume and as with many legumes, is able to “fix atmospheric nitrogen” which is essential in the development of new soils (Lafay, Burdon, Ward, 2007).
planting
Callitris columellaris
The importance of mangroves on the ocean ecosystem is unparralled. Avicennia marina is already well established along the coastline of South-east Queensland, closer still, just south of CabbageTree Creek. A combination of issues is constantly threatening the significant reduction of mangroves. Sea level rise and coastal devlopment are seeing this slow-growing tree gradually declining. One isalnd will be a dedicated habitat for Avicennia marina. Although incredibily difficult to cultivate, it is hoped that providing the correct condtions for growth, and with the prescene of a nearby mangrove population, the trees will eventually take up on the island.
Eucalyptus pilularis will be the dominatn species for
the Eucalypt Island. This large tree is can grow up to 70m, but in the coastal environment, is more likely to peak at a height of 40m (Boland, Brooker, Chippendal, 2006) .
Casuarina equisetifolia
Carpobrotus glaucescens
The creation of three vegetated islands, allows for a range of bioms. One of these will be the Callitris Island, which as the name suggest, will be primarly made up of the Callitris columellaris. This tree is seeing a delcine in abundance on the mainland since the settling of Europeans (Bowman, 1993). It usually exists in forests consisting of the same species, suited to the coastal climate, growing up to 30m.
Ipomoea pes-caprae
Eucalyptus pillularis
Casuarina equisetifolia is another
tree that is highly suited to the coastal environment. The subspecies incana which is found in Eastern Australia, grows up to 12m. Similar to the Acacia longifolia, the Casuarina is able to fix nitrogen into the soil through symbiosis with a bacteria (Normand, 2003)
Spinifex sericeus
Acacia longifolia
Avicennia marina
1- 10 YEARS
10 - 30 YEARS
30 - 100+YEARS
site analysis - conceptual references References ArcGIS. (2017). Lower Brisbane Catchment Story. Retrieved from https://qgsp.maps.arcgis.com/apps/MapJournal/index. html?appid=ed9c42184bff4657be6c6e62102eddc1# Burton, N., Evans, P., & Robinson, M. (1996). Effects on shorebird numbers of disturbance, the loss of a roost site and its replacement by an artificial island at Hartlepool, Cleveland. Biological Conservation, 77(2-3), 193–201. https://doi.org/10.1016/00063207(95)00143-3 ‘Choi, C., K.G.Rogers, X. Gan, Q.-Q. Bai, A. Lilleyman, A. Lindsey, D.A. Milton, P. Straw, Y.-t. Yu, P.F. Battley, R.A. Fuller, & D.I. Rogers. 2016. Shorebird migration patterns along the East Asian Australasian Flyway during southward migration. Emu MU16003 Darwin Port. (2017), Strategic Planning for the Far Eastern Curlew. Port of Darwin. Retrieved August 05, 2020, from https:// www.darwinport.com.au/about/news/2017/strategic-planning-fareastern-curlew
Lilleyman, A., Alley, A., Jackson, D., O’Brien, G., & Garnett, S. (2018). Distribution and abundance of migratory shorebirds in Darwin Harbour, Northern Territory, Australia. Northern Territory Naturalist, 28, 30–42. Queensland Government Environmental Protection Agency. (2006). Retrieved from https://parks.des.qld.gov.au/__data/assets/ pdf_file/0022/165730/map4-habitatgreenzones.pdf Zharikov, Yuri & Milton, David. (2009). Valuing coastal habitats: Predicting high-tide roosts of non-breeding migratory shorebirds from landscape composition. Emu. 109. 10.1071/MU08017.
A special thank-you to Amanda Lilleyman for her personal input and correspondence with regard to her research in Darwin and involvement in The Curlew Project. https://wingthreads.com/far-eastern-curlew-project/
Driscoll, P., & Ueta, M. (2002). The migration route and behaviour of Eastern Curlews Numenius madagascariensis. Ibis, 144(3), E119–E130. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1474919X.2002.00081.x
Australian Pied Oystercatcher
Reid, T., & Park, P. (2003). Continuing decline of Eastern Curlew, Numenius madagascariensis, in Tasmania. Emu - Austral Ornithology, 103(3), 279–283. https://doi.org/10.1071/MU00079 Gallo-Cajiao, E., Morrison, T., Fidelman, P., Kark, S., & Fuller, R. (n.d.). Global environmental governance for conserving migratory shorebirds in the Asia-Pacific. Regional Environmental Change, 19(4), 1113–1129. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-01901461-3 Gibson, J. (2007, September 16). Darwin researchers on a mission to save the critically endangered far eastern curlew from extinction. ABC News. https://www.abc.net.au/news/201709-16/darwin-researchers-fight-save-far-eastern-curlew-fromextinction/8941626
Australian Pelican
conceptual - final design references references Boland, D. J., Brooker, M. I. H., Chippendale, G. M., Hall, N., Hyland, B. P. M., Johnston, R. D., Kleinig, D. A., McDonald, M. W., & Turner, J. D. (Eds.). (2006). Forest trees of australia. ProQuest Ebook Central https://ebookcentral. proquest.com Bowman, D. M. J. S. and W. J. Panton. 1993. Decline of Callitris intratropica R.T. Baker & H.G. Smith in the Northern Territory: implications for pre- and post-European colonisation fire regimes. Journal of Biogeography 20:373-381. Harris, 2002. Submerged reef structures for habitat enhancement and shoreline erosion abatement. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Coastal & Hydraulic Engineering Technical Note (CHETN), Vicksburg, MS Jenks, G. (2018). Restoring the natural functional capacity of coastal dune ecosystems: Utilising research records for New Zealand littoral refurbishment as a proxy for analogous global responses. Journal of Coastal Conservation, 22(4), 623–665. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11852-018-0598-9 Lafay, B., Burdon, J., & Ward, N. (2007). Molecular Diversity of Legume Root-Nodule Bacteria in Kakadu National Park, Northern Territory, Australia (Tropical Australian Rhizobia). PLoS ONE, 2(3), e277. https://doi.org/10.1371/ journal.pone.0000277 Normand, P., Pawlowski, K., & Dawson, J. (2003). Frankia Symbiosis (1st ed. 2003.). Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1601-7 *illustrations by Reed Peters*
Eastern Curlew
CURLEW KEYS - STAGE 1 Landscape Construction Documentation sheet no.
drawing title
date
revision
LP1.01 LP1.02 LP1.03 LP1.04
COVER SHEET MATERIALS AND FINISHES SCHEDULE MANAGEMENT PLAN SET OUT PLAN 1
30.10.2020 30.10.2020 30.10.2020 30.10.2020
A A A A
LP2.01
LANDSCAPE PLAN 1
30.10.2020
A
LP3.01
PLANTING PLAN 1
30.10.2020
A
LD1.01 LD1.02
LANDSCAPE DETAILS 1 LANDSCAPE DETAILS 2
30.10.2020 30.10.2020
A A
SHEET LAYOUT PLAN
LOCALITY PLAN
44 43 42 41
40 3938 37 12 10 11 1314 36 0809 35 1617 15 07 18 34 33 06 32 0405 31 20 19 0203 30 2122 01 29 2324 28 26 25 EXTENT OF STAGE 1 27 WORKS
STAGE 1 CONSTRUCTION AREA
d ara eP liff rnc Sho
SHORNCLIFFE FRANK DOYLE PARK BAXTER’S JETTY
e
SITE COMPOUND
drawn by
REED PETERS client
QUT
ade r a P ss Allpa
CURLEW KEYS
K
EE R C E
E
R T E BAG B A C
project
drawing title
MANAGEMENT PLAN
scale
date 0m 20m
100m
0m
30m
90m
30.10.2020
sheet ref. no.
drawing no.
LP 1.01
MATERIALS AND FINISHES SCHEDULE CODE C1
DESCRIPTION/MATERIAL
SIZE
SUPPLIER
COMMENTS
PRECAST CONCRETE
-
APPROVED BY CLIENT
INSITU CONCRETE
-
REFER TO SPECIFICATIONS AND ENGINEER’S DRAWINGS
APPROVED BY CLIENT
REFER TO SPECIFICATIONS AND ENGINEER’S DRAWINGS
DP FV WM
SLOTTED PVC DRAINAGE PIPE
180mm DIAMETER
APPROVED BY CLIENT
REFER TO DETAIL 3 ON LD1.02
PVC ONE WAY FLAP VALVE
180mm DIAMETER
APPROVED BY CLIENT
REFER TO MANUFACTURERES SPECIFICATIONS
WEED MAT
-
APPROVED BY CLIENT
REFER TO MANUFACTURERES SPECIFICATIONS
DG FS
DRAINAGE GRAVEL
40-50mm
APPROVED BY CLIENT
REFER TO DETAIL 1 ON LD1.01
FILLED SUBGRADE
-
APPROVED BY CLIENT
REFER SPECIFICATION NOTES REFER TO DETAIL 1 ON LD1.01
TS
TOPSOIL
300mm
APPROVED BY CLIENT
REFER SPECIFICATION NOTES REFER TO DETAIL 1 ON LD1.01
MULCH
75mm
APPROVED BY CLIENT
FOUNDATION SUBGRADE
-
APPROVED BY CLIENT
REFER SPECIFICATION NOTES REFER TO DETAIL 1, 2 ON LD1.02 REFER ENGINEER’S NOTES
DREDGED SUBGRADE
-
APPROVED BY CLIENT
REFER ENGINEER’S NOTES
C2
M FDS DS
PLANTING SCHEDULE BOTANICAL NAME
HEIGHT CANOPY SPREAD
CALLIPER OF TRUNK COMMENTS
CASUARINA EQUISETIFOLIA
2500mm
600mm
50mm
MEASUREMENTS ARE AT DATE OF PRACTICAL COMPLETION REFER PLANTING SPECIFICATION 25.0
ACACIA LONGIFOLIA
1000mm
600mm
-
MEASUREMENTS ARE AT DATE OF PRACTICAL COMPLETION REFER PLANTING SPECIFICATION 25.0
drawn by
REED PETERS client
QUT project
CURLEW KEYS drawing title
MATERIALS AND FINISHES
scale
date
30.10.2020
sheet ref. no.
drawing no.
LP 1.02
TREES TO BE RETAINED
Entrance
TREES TO BE REMOVED
TO CONSTRUCTION SITE
ON TT
ET
E TR
S
CO
EXTENT OF SITE COMPOUND
SH
Access to water
WATER MACHINERY MOORING
FE
30
00
LIF
00
NC
33
°
OR R PA
notes:
E
AD
-REFER TO SET OUT PLAN LP 1.04 FOR EXACT LOCATION OF CONSTRUCTION SITE
10m
30m
T
EE
TR
S AY
ND
SU
0m
AHD 15.779 MARK #42196
DE
A AR P S
S PA L L
A
WATER ACCESS TO CONSTRUCTION AREA
PRIMARY ACCESS ROUTE TO COMPOUND
drawn by
REED PETERS client
QUT project
CURLEW KEYS
WATER MACHINERY MOORING
drawing title
MANAGEMENT PLAN
scale
E CABBAG EK E R C E E TR
date 0m 10m
30m
30.10.2020
sheet ref. no.
drawing no.
LP 1.03
5m
notes:
-ALL MEASUREMENTS IN mm UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED -CONTOURS OUTLINE DEPTH OF WATER AT LOWEST ASTRONOMICAL TIDE -WATER DEPTH WILL VARY BETWEEN HIGH AND LOW TIDE -REFER TO SURVEY CONTROL MARK REPORT
FE
LIF
NC
OR
SH
06 0405 0302 01 TPB
00
00
33
°
E
AD
R PA
0m
N O TT
30
T E E
R T S
CO
AHD= AUSTRALIAN HEIGHT DATUM TPB=TEMPORARY BENCH MARK
0m
40m
100m
drawn by
ND
SU T
EE
TR
S AY
AHD 15.779 MARK #42196 E D A
R A SP
AL
AS P L
REED PETERS client
QUT project
CURLEW KEYS drawing title
SET OUT PLAN
scale
1:1000 date
30.10.2020
sheet ref. no.
drawing no.
LP 1.04
JOINS SHEET 02
JOINS SHEET 03
EXISTING SEABED
MODIFIED SEABED
CONCRETE TYPE C1
FILLED SUBGRADE
PROPOSED TREE PLANTING
PROPOSED SHRUB PLANTING
0m
2m
5m
drawn by
REED PETERS client
QUT project
CURLEW KEYS client drawing title
LANDSCAPE PLAN
project scale
1:50
2°
32
° 2 5
drawing title date
30.10.2020
TPB
date
client
sheet ref. no.
01 scale
drawing no.
LP 2.01 north point
JOINS SHEET 02
JOINS SHEET 03
notes:
-ALL MEASUREMENTS IN mm UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED -GRID IS 1X1m SQUARES -NUMBERS ARE INTENDED AS A GUIDE FOR GRID CASUARINA EQUISETIFOLIA
22,0 21,0
ACACIA LONGIFOLIA
20,0 19,0
CONCRETE TYPE C1
18,0 17,0 16,0
0,20 0,19
15,0 14,0
0,18 0,17
13,0
0,16 0,15 0,14 0,13
12,0 11,0 10,0 9,0 8,0 7,0
0,9 6,0
0,7
5,0
0,6
4,0
0,5 3,0 2,0
0,2
1,0
0,1
32 2°
0,0
TPB
0,3
0,4
0,8
0,12 0,11 0,10
0m
5m
drawn by
REED PETERS client
QUT project
CURLEW KEYS client
drawing title
PLANTING PLAN project
scale
° 52
2m
1:50
drawing title
date
date 30.10.2020
sheet ref. no.
01 scale
drawing no.
LP 3.01 north point
300
500
900
2000
MIDPOINT OF CAISSON 300
300
1000
200
400
300
SEABED 0M
400
EXISTING SUBGRADE
MODIFIED SUBGRADE
CONCRETE TYPE C1
CONCRETE TYPE C2
2
DETAIL B - FOOTING TYPICAL DETAIL
3
SECTION 1:20
DRAINAGE GRAVEL DG
DETAIL A SECTION 1:20
FOUNDATION SUBGRADE
notes:
notes: -REFER TO ENGINEER’S DRAWINGS
-TOPSOIL PROFILE TO BE DOMED FROM THE MIDPOINT OF CAISSON
300
-ALL MATERIALS AS PER THE LEGEND, UNLESS OTHERWISE LABELLED -MODIFIED SUBGRADE TO BE FILLED WITH COMPACTED DREDGED MATERIAL, AS PER ENGINEER’S SPECIFICATIONS
300
19600
5000
notes:
2500
300mm TOPSOIL DETAIL A
4450
2700mm SANDY CLAY LOAM 20-30% CLAY 1600MM COARSE AGGREGATE IN ACCORDANCE WITH AS2758.1 drawn by
HIGH TIDE MARK
DETAIL C
REED PETERS client
QUT DETAIL B
project
client client
CURLEW KEYS client project drawing title 0m
2m
5m
project LANDSCAPE DETAILS drawing title
scale
1
SECTION AA - CAISSON TYPICAL DETAIL SECTION 1:50 notes: -REFER TO ENGINEER’S DRAWINGS
project
drawing title
drawingdate title date date date
30.10.2020
sheet ref. no.
01 scale
drawing no.
scale scale
north point north point
north point
LD 1.01
SANDY LOAM 20-30% CLAY ONE WAY PVC OVERFLOW VALVE TO EXTEND 100mm BEYOND WALL
300
WEED MAT
180
COARSE AGGREGATE IN ACCORDANCE WITH AS2758.1 client
project
3
DETAIL C - DRAINAGE TYPICAL DETAIL SECTION 1:10
drawing title
date
north point
scale
notes: -ALL PIPES TO HAVE A MINIMUM 1:100 FALL TOWARDS OUTLET -PIPES TO BE SLOTTED DRAINAGE Ø180 MULCH TO BE MINIMUM 100mm FROM STEM OF PLANT
MOUNDING AROUND PLANTING TO BE NO MORE THAN 1:3 GRADE
75mm THICK MULCH
760
FILLED SUBGRADE FERTILISER TO BE PLACED AROUND ROOTBALL TO THE MANUFACTURER’S SPECFICATION
TOPSOIL
DRAINAGE GRAVEL DG
300
WETTING AGENT TO BE INCLUDED IN TOPSOIL SURROUNDING PLANT AS PER THE MANUFACTURER’S SPECIFICATION
0m
1m
2m
drawn by
REED PETERS client
QUT project
1
CASUARINA EQUISETFOLIA - TYPICAL DETAIL SECTION 1:10 notes: -PLANTING HOLE IS TO BE 2X THE WIDTH AND DEPTH OF ROOTBALL -EXCAVATED HOLE IS TO BE FILLED WITH TOPSOIL -STAKING TO OCCUR PRIO TO PLANTING OF TREE -STAKES TO BE DRIVEN 600mm INTO THE GROUND -50mm JUTE WEBBING TO BE USED TO STAKE TREE IN A FIGURE OF EIGHT PATTERN AND ATTACHED SECURLEY TO STAKES AS PER MANUFACTURER’S SPECIFICATION
2
ACACIA LONGIFOLIA PLANTING - TYPICAL DETAIL SECTION 1:10 notes: -PLANTING HOLE IS TO BE 2X THE WIDTH AND DEPTH OF POT SIZE
CURLEW KEYS drawing title
LANDSCAPE DETAILS
scale
1:10 client date
30.10.2020
sheet ref. no.
drawing no.
LD 1.02
project
drawing title
north point
25.0 LANDSCAPE ELEMENTS - PLANTS 1.0 General
1.1 Associated worksections a) Conform to the following: ● LP3 ● LD1
2.0 Products
2.1 Ordering and Storage a) Plants to be ordered as required for immediate planting. b) Plants to be planted immediately after delivery. c) Plants to go directly from pot to final position. 2.2 Characteristics a) Provide plants with the following characteristics: ● Large healthy root systems, with no evidence of root curl, restriction or damage. ● Vigorous, well established, free from disease and pests, of good form consistent with the species or variety. b) Provide trees which, unless required to be multi-stemmed, have a single leading shoot. c) Replace damaged or failed plants with plants of the same type and size.
3.0 Execution
3.1 Location a) Plants to be placed as per the Planting Plan with a 100mm tolerance. 3.2 Preparation a) Weeds to be cleared within 300mm of base of plants. b) Planting holes to have sides and base loosened to a depth of 100mm prior to insertion of plant c) Removal of plants from containers is to be done without damage to the rootball or the plant itself.
3.3 Weather a) Do not plant in unsuitable weather conditions such as severe heat, wind, rain or cold. 3.4 Watering a) Water the plants before planting, immediately after and continue to water to maintain positive growth. 3.5 Fertilising a) Fertilising pellets to be placed at time of planting see drawing number LD1.02. 3.6 Backfilling a) Air pockets to be eliminated through a combination of tamping and watering. b) Topsoil to be flush with the top of the rootball in final position. 3.7 Mulch a) Is to consist of tree-harvested mulch in accordance with AS4454 b) Mulch to be evenly applied at a consistent depth see drawing number LD1.02 c) Soil to be wet prior to application of mulch d) Mulch to be free of debris 3.8 Stakes and Ties a) Stakes to be straight hardwood, free from knots and defects, pointed at one end b) Stake sizes: ● For plants ≥ 2.5 m high: Two 50 x 50 x 2400mm stakes per plant ● For plants 1 – 2.5 m high: Two 50 x 50 x 1800mm stakes per plant c) Ties to be 50mm jute webbing see drawing number LD1.02 3.9 Planting Establishment a) Planting establishment period commences at the date of practical completion a) Establishment period is 12 months from the time of handover b) Should include maintenance such as weeding, rubbish removal, fertilising, staking and tying, replanting. 3.10 Completion a) Submit certificate by AIH indicating the plants are true to the required species and type, and are free from diseases, pests and weeds b) Site to be left clean and free from debris
Preliminary Clauses 1.2 Restitution a) Public Property Damage to the following by the Contractor are to be repaired to new or replaced at no cost to the Principal: ● Road surfaces ● Road lines ● Existing structures ● Existing plants Existing water conditions including: ● Water depth in channel at Cabbage Tree Creek ● Water turbidity as per measurements taken prior to commencement of works
b) Site Compound Prior to the date of practical completion, the site compound should be repaired the same or better standard as per the photographic record which includes as the minimum: ● ●
Reestablishment of carparking area Repair of boat ramp into Cabbage Tree Creek