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Kinde ergar rgarten Textbook
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The 5E Model – Guided Inquiry
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The Let’s Do Science series is based on the Biological Sciences Curriculu Curriculum riculu Study (BSCS) 5E teaching and learning instructional model. The he 5E E model is centered on the idea that students understand science concepts oncepts pts best by using prior knowledge to pose questions and find answers rs through hrough guided inquiry. This hands-on approach, integrated with engineering ng g and design skills, sk s has students learn science by doing science. Teachers chers guide the llearning process and are able to assess student performance evaluating student mance ce by evalua explanations and the application of newly acquired quired d knowledge knowledg knowled and skills.
Engage
The Engage phase of the 5E model provides videss students with w the opportunity to demonstrate their prior knowledge and understanding of the topic or understand concept. Students are presented with which serves to h an n activity or question q motivate and engage students as they hey begin the llesson. Teachers identify and correct any misconceptions and d gather data dat from students which will guide informed teaching and learning. earning. ng Essential to stimulating and students is the use of mixed media d engaging gaging stude st such as colorful photos, illustrations found throughout the trations tions and diagrams d textbooks and activity books. Let’s Science also includes extensive bo boo t’s Do S digital resources such narrated videos, interactive lessons, virtual labs, h as narra nar id slideshows and more. re.
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Explore
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This phase encourages exploration of concepts and skills through gh handshan on activities and investigations. Students are encouraged to work togethe together red learning earn and apply various process skills while gaining concrete, shared ch students experiences. These experiences provide a foundation for which epts.. This studentstuden can refer to while building their knowledge of new concepts. centered phase comes before formal explanations and d definitions of tthe concept are presented by the teacher.
Explain
This phase follows the exploration phase and iss more ore teacher-directed. teacherteache Students are initially encouraged to draw on their learning experiences and earning ex e oncept ept through explanations e demonstrate their understanding of the concept and he opportunity pportunity to t demonstrate discussion. After the students have had the their understanding of the concept, the formal e teacher cher then introduces in definitions and scientific explanations. also clarifies any s. The teacher eache al erged during the th Explore phase. misconceptions that may have emerged
Elaborate
In the Elaborate phase, students nts refine ne and consolidate co c their acquired knowledge and skills. Opportunities for students to further rtunities nities are provided pro apply their knowledge and skillss to new situations in order to broaden si and deepen their understanding rst ng g of the concept. Students may conduct additional investigations, share information and ideas, or apply their ns, sh shar orm knowledge and skillss to other ther disciplines. d disc
Evaluate
This final phase se includes cludes both formal form and informal assessments. These can include concept models, journals as well as more traditional cept maps, physical phys ummative ative assessm assess forms of summative assessment such as quizzes or writing assessments. e encouraged to review and reflect on their own learning, and Studentss are on theirr newly wly acquired knowledge, kn understanding and skills.
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Let’s Do Science
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Let’s Do Science is based on the United States Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS). The series consists of full-color textbooks and full-color activity books for Grades K to 6.
Let’s Do Science engages students with a highly visual al presentation of the disciplinary core ideas in the textbooks xtbooks books and places an emphasis on applying scientific knowledge nowledge ledge using NGSS practices through numerous scientific tific investigations. Let’s Do Science sees engineering ring ass an essential element of science education and tightly d as such is tight integrated into both the textbooks and activity ctivity books.
The Let’s Do Science textbooks include e the following ffeatures:
Think Deeply
Topic-related questions for group discussion aimed at deepening students’ understanding of the topic.
Engineer It!
Goes beyond inquiry uiry by encouraging students udents to design, model and build olutions to to engineer solutions oblems. defined problems.
In the Field
Inspirational sc sciencerelated to ated professions p stir interest rest in sciencerelated careers.
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A Closer Look
Invokes enthusiasm in science by presenting interesting topics beyond the syllabus.
Amazing Fact!
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Interesting facts to bui build interest and enthusiasm. nthusiasm.
Did You Kno Know?
Extra ra information to t build students’ dents’ knowledge know se of the cu base current topic.
Try This!
Optional ptio hands-on activities to be conducted activ in groups or at home.
AB Activity
Links students to the Let’s Do Science Activity Book at the appropriate juncture.
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Discussion
Review
Topical questions at the end of each chapter for formative assessment.
Topic-related questions and situations for class discussion to build a deeper understanding of topics.
Science Words Lists the essential science vocabulary covered in each chapter.
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Contents
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Unit 1 – Living Things Around Us
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Wha Are Living Things? What Needs of Living Things Nee Cha g Things g Characteristics of Living hings ngs Revi Review
Unit 2 – Your Body and Senses Sens Sense ses Your Body Your Head and Face The Five Senses nses Staying Healthy althy y Review w
Unit 3 – All ll About Abou Plants Arou Us Ar Plants Around Parts of a Plant Nee o Needs of Plants How Plants Grow How We Use Plants H Review
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2
4 6 22 30
34 36 38 39 39 50 64
68 70 72 74 76 78 82
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Unit 4 – All About Animals Animals Around Us Needs of Animals How Animals Move Animals Have Young Animals and People Review
Unit 5 – Environments n
nd Animals Anima Anim Where Plantss and Live Rainforests ds Grasslands Deserts Oce Ocea The Ocean Tundrass Re evie eview ew Review
86 88 90 92 94 97
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100 102 108 112 116 118 122
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Science Skills
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Sc Scientists use special skills lls to learn about the world rld around them. a
Let’s look at how ow w you can ca use these skills killss so you can c n be a scientist tist too.
Observe O rve e
You observe when you gather Yo bserve rve whe wh information info mation about abo something using You can using your senses. sen se observe bserve serve erve how ho something looks, smells or tastes. feels, els, sounds, soun sou
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What senses are the children using to observe?
You can use different toolss to observe things closely. ly. You can use a hand lens, ens, binoculars or a telescope. scope. ope.
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Re ga le du c Compare pare
You compare mpare th things when you observe bserve ve and ttell how things are different. similar milar or dif How are the hen and chick similar? How are they different?
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Classify When you compare two or more things, you can classify them into groups based on ways they are similar.
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es How have the leaves been classified into groups?
Leaves in the Garden
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Measure
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You measure when you find nd the mething. ing. size or amount of something.
You can use tools help you ols to hel measure things. can use a ruler hings. ngs. You c pare and me to compare measure length.
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You can balance to compare Yo n use a b and d measure measure mass.
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Make a Model You can make a model to test or see how something works.
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You can make a model by drawing a picture. del You can also make a model d by using the things around you to make a smaller h version of something to show how it works.
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IInfer
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You infer when you ou ut make a guess about ased d on something based what you know now ow or what wha y ve. you observe.
W What can an you infer ca aboutt the cause of the holes in the leaf? What can you infer fro from observing the tra tracks in the sand?
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You communicate when you tell or show other people what you find out.
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Communicate
You can n communicate communic mmunic cate cat by making aking ng charts, drawing or wing pictures o writing what riting about wh at you find ind out.
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Science Investigations tio
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Ask Questions
Before a science investigation, stigation, gation, ask a as at you would wou wo questions about what like to find out.
diction ction Make a Prediction
A prediction is a guess about a what you will observe before you e observation. observatio servati make the What are ssome things would like to find you wou about in science? out ab
Wi a plant Will aannntt grow gro gr g better bett bette ette teer in ter i sunshine h or darkness? ddarkn da ark aarkn rn
What do plants nnts tss need ne need to livee and anndd grow? grow w??
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A plant will grow better in sunlight.
Plan and Carry Out an Investigation n
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Make a plan with steps that others can follow. ow. List all the materials you will need.
Procedure
Materials
1. Measure the heights of the plants. 2. Put one plant near a window. Put the other plant in a dark cupboard. 3. Water and observe the plants every day for one week.
ttwo wo pplants lant la nts
rulerr spray bottle with w ith w water ater
Observe and d Record Rec rd Data Re Record the thi hings gs you things observe. You ou can an write or draw the e things you yo observe. e. You ou can us use chartss and tables.
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Analyze and A Interpret Data I ta
You analyze when en you look closely y at recorded recorde data.
You interpret terpret rpret when whe you understand u rstand nd and explain whatt the means. wh he data m
Make e a Conc Concl Conclusion and Communicate mmunica munic i Make ke a conclusion. conc Communicate your Communic mmun conclusion nclusio to others.
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Follow these safety rules when carrying out investigations.
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Science Safety
Wear safety gear.
Follow your ou teacher’s acc instructions.
Keep your workspace clean.n.
BBee careful c with sharp objects.
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Wash your hands hands after ha afftter vity. every activity.
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What are living things? How can we tell if something is a living thing?
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Living Things Around Us
In this chapter you will ...
• identify living things and non-living g things. s. • list the needs of living things.
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• list the characteristics of living ng things. things
What do plants, animals an and people need to survive?
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Go Onl Online! Acce interactive Access con content relating to this topic on the NGScience website. ngscience.com
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What Are e Living Things? T Think Deeply How can you tell if something is a living thing?
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Living things gs are things thing that are alive. People e are living things.
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Plants and animals are living ng things too.
What are some living iving things thin you see around you? AB
Try This!
Walk around your schoolyard with your friends. Draw three living things you see.
Activity 1.1
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How are the needs of animals different from the needs of plants? How are they the same?
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Think Deeply
Needs off Living Things T Living things gs need the same things to o survive. urvive. What at things do people, animals and d plants ants need? nee ne
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How do living thingss get the things they need?
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Needs of Animals mals Amazing Fact!
mals get their food Some animals by eating atting ting plants. plants.
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Elephants can eat for up to 20 hours in y one day!
Animals need eed d food. ffood ood. d.
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Some animals get their food by eating other animals.
Other animals get the food ood od d they need by eating both oth plants and animals.
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Animals need eed water. wa w ater ater do animals aniim ani mals als get the Where do water err tthey hey he ey need? ne ee ed A nima alls in nn Animals nature can get the water w ater tthey hey need from ponds, llakes akes and and rivers. an
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Some animals get the food and d water they need from people. ople. What things do people ople do to care for their pets?
Amazing Fact!
The kangaroo rat can go its whole life without drinking water! It gets water from the seeds it eats.
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Animals need air. Most animals on land breathe in air through h uths. their noses and mouths.
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AB Activities 1.2 – 1.3
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Fish have special parts called gills. Gills help fish to get the air they need from water.
Think Deeply Dolphins and whales live in the ocean, but they do not have gills. How do they get the air they need to survive?
Go Online! Watch how different animals get the things they need on the NGScience website. QuickCode: P7T7
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Needs of Plants Plants need sunlight. Plants do not eat food like people and animals. They use the energy in sunlight to make their own food.
What happens if a plant does not get enough sunlight?
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Plants need air. They use the air ir to o help he them make food using usin ng sunlight. su
Amazing Fact! Plants make food through the process of photosynthesis. The word photo means ‘light’ and the word synthesis means ‘putting together’.
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Plants need water. ant to o make make e Water helps a plant food using air and nd ssunlight. unlight gh ht
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nw ater er fr from the Plants take in water from ground through roug ugh gh ttheir heiir roots. heir AB
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Activity 1.4
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Plants in crops and gardens get most of the water they need from people.
What happens if a plant does not get et enough water?
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Try This! Get together with your friends and make a list of the different types of plants or plant parts people eat.
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Peop Needss off People Peopl People, ple, like animals, anim need food, and air. d, water an and animals We eat plants pla food. forr food
ca We drink water.
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the air airr We breathe in the around us. How do you get ge the food, ood, water wat nd air you n and need?
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A Place to Live All living things – people, plants and animals, need a place to live.
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The place where a living thing lives must provide it with shelter and all the things it needs to survive.
Sophie oph and Chelsea ha have a pet snail. Help them design and build a home for their snail.
Activity 1.5
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AB
Engineer It! Eng
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Characteristics of Living Things We can group the thingss h gs and nd around us as living tthings non-living things. You have learned d that tha at living livi foo od and a water things need air, food to survive.
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Non-living things are things that are not alive. Non-living things do not need air, food or water.
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Living ng g Things Thi gs Move Try This! Act out how different animals move. Have your friends guess the animal.
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Living ng things move. m People ople and d animals are able to move mo ove fr ffrom ro place to place.
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Plants cannot move from place to place, but some plants can move their parts.
What are some other her ways plants around us move? AB
Activity 1.6
Amazing Fact!
The Venus flytrap can close its leaves to catch insects. It feeds on the insects for food!
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ga le du ca ti Living Things ngss Grow and Reproduce roduce duce
Think Deeply How do animals care for their young when they are born or hatch?
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Living things ingss can ma m make new living he reproduce. repr repro things. They The e new ew living livin things grow and change ange to lo look like their parents.
An oak tree produces seeds from which new plants grow.
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The oak seedling will grow into an oak tree.
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AB
Activity 1.7
How does the oak seedling change as it grows?
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What Are Non-living Things? Try This! Make a poster to show the differences between living and non-living things.
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Toys, books, tables and d chairs chairs airrs are non-living things. s. Non-living thingss cann cannot move annot not m o by themselves..
Non-living things do not have young. Non-living things do not grow.
AB Activities 1.8 – 1.9
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Look around your classroom. What non-living things can you see? How can you tell they are non-living things?
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Science Words
sunlight shelter move reproduce grow
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living thing non-living thing food water air Review
1. List three things living thingss need. 2. How do animals get food? ood? (a) They make their own. wn (b) They use sunlight. ht. (c) They eat other living tthings.
3. List two animals als that tha eat plants for food.
4. List two animals nimals tthat eat other animals for food. 5. How do plants get g food? (a) They hey make their own food. (b) They eat ea other plants. (c) They drink water.
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6. True or false. (a) Living things move and grow. (b) Non-living things move and grow. 7. Which are living things? (a)
(b)
(c)
(d) ( )
(e) e)
(f))
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In the Field
Have you ever visited a zoo? zoo? What animals did you u ssee? ee? If you love animals of a allll sshapes and hapes a nd sizes, you’ll love being a zookeeper. zookeeper.
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Zookeepers have very y important important jobs. jobs. They care for all of the animals. ea nimals. They make sure the animals get nima mals g et all all the things they need to o stay stay healthy. healthy.
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uc a Zookeepers Z o know lots of fun facts about the animals they care for. The next time you visit a zoo, be ready to ask the zookeepers lots of questions!
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What are the parts of your body? How do you use your body parts?
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In this chapter you will ... • list the parts of your body and head.
• list the five senses and describe how ow they help you to learn about the he world around you. • describe some things you can do to stay healthy.
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Your Body and Senses
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Go Online! Access interactive content relating to this topic on the NGScience website. ngscience.com
How ow do you your senses help you lea learn about the world aroun around you?
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Your Body You body has differentt parts. parts. You use different parts rts of of your your nt things. nt things. hings. body to do different Your legs and feet feet help help lp you yo to d jump. jum ump. p. walk, run and You use your arms and your a rms a op ick tthings hing up or hin hands tto pick throw ball. wab ba all.
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head
arm
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Parts of Your Body
shoulder sh hou houl elbow
hand knee AB
leg
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foot oot
Activity 2.1
How do you use the different parts of y your body? 37
Your Head and Face ce
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Different parts of your head ead d and face help you to sense e the e world around you. Your eyes help you ou u to see. Your ears help you ou to hear. hear hea
How do o you use your nose and mouth?
AB
Activity 2 2.2
Parts artss of Y Your Yo Head
hair
forehead ad ear ar
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nose
eye cheek
mouth m
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chin
Which parts of your head and body do you use to sense the world around you?
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The Five Senses
You have five senses. Your senses help you to ou. observe the things around you.
The five senses are sight, heari hearing, hear ng, taste, smell and touch. AB
Activity 2.3
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Take an object and place it on your table. With a partner, take turns in using a word to describe how the object looks.
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Try This!
Sight
Your eyes are re your sense sen organs for sight. You use se your sense sens of sight to sen observe things look. erve ve how th t
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You use your sense of sight every day. You use your sense of sight when you read and write, play sport, and watch television.
What are some other ways you use your sense of sight? AB
Activity 2.4
Try This!
Hold a pencil sideways in each hand. Close one eye and try to touch the pencils together. Try again with both eyes open. What do you notice?
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Go into your schoolyard and close your eyes. Talk about the things you can hear.
Go Online! Listen and identify different sounds on the NGScience website. QuickCode: L4H6
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Hearing Your ears are your sense e organs rgans for hearing.
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Try This!
You use your sense e of hearing to ngs gs sound. observe how things Listen to sounds ounds a around you. How ow are the soundss differ different?
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Sounds can be loud oud or soft. so oft. er, you yo When you whisper, make a soft sound. nd..
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scr scre cream, When you yell or scream, you make a loud ud sound. sound d What are some some om otherr thingss that ttha hat make ake loud sounds? so
AB A
Activity 2.5 Activ
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Smell Your nose is your sense organ gan for smell. You use your nose to observe how things smell.
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What are some ways you use your sense of smell from day to day? Activity 2.6
Your sense se of smell sm es when you y improves are hungry!
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AB
Amazing Fact!
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Some things have a good smell. Other things have a bad smell.
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Taste Put on a blindfold. Use your sense of taste to guess different snacks!
Your tongue is your sense se organ for taste.
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Try This!
You use your tongue ue e to observe observ obser how things taste.
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What’s your ur favor favorite food? e how it tastes. t Describe
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Potato chips taste salty. A chili is spicy.
Try This! Chew on a piece of fruit. Describe scribe how it tastes. tes. Now block b yourr nose and a eat piece of fruit. another pie you notice? What do y
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Some foods, like fruits and candy, taste sweet.
What are some other ways you can describe how things taste?? AB
Activities 2.7 – 2.8
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Touch Place some objects in a paper bag. Close your eyes and use your hands to feel the objects. Describe how the objects feel.
Your skin is your sense organ rgan an for touch.
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Try This!
Your skin helps you u to observe how things feel.
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What words ds can y you use to describe things feel? e how thi
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Things can feel hard or soft. Your desk is something that feels hard. The fur of a kitten feels soft.
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Things can feel smooth or rough. A book and a pencil feel smooth. A pineapple and sandpaper feel rough.
Use your sense of touch to o describe how objects in your m feel. feel home or classroom AB Activities 2.9 – 2.10
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Staying Healthy Your body is very special. al. Itt is very important to take care e of your body so that it workss well. ell. To take care of your ur body, you y need to stay clean, ea an, n, fit and healthy. This way, your ur body bo ody can keep doing all the things you like to do. e thin hin ngs yo
What are some things you can do to stay healthy?
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Go Online! e! Visit the e NGScience NGScien website site for heaps he of healthy titips on and keeping fit a staying healthy. QuickCode: X7K6 QuickCo
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Healthy Eating
Try This! Keep a food diary for a week. Show your food diary to a friend. Talk about how your food diary shows a healthy diet.
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A great way to take care off your your hea hy body is to eat a variety of healthy ot of of food. Variety means a lot different types. bles are are very Fruits and vegetables healthy. You should eat uld e at about five getab bless and two servings of vegetables ui each ac day. servings of fruit A serving iss about about one cup.
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Food like eggs, yogurt and cheese are healthy too. These foods help to build strong muscles and bones. Drinking lots of water keeps you healthy too.
Think nk Deeply
Why y should you avoid eating too m much junk food and drinking too sodas? many so
You should drink about five glasses of water a day. You should also drink water whenever you feel thirsty. You should drink more water ater after after ys. exercising and on hot days.
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Staying Active Staying active is a g great reat re lthy. It’s ItIt’s also also way to stay healthy. lots of fun.
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e active active b y You can be by uts tside with with friends. playing o outside
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You can stay active by jogging, dancing, riding a bike or playing a sport.
What are som some you can stay ways yo active at school?
AB
Activity 2.11
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Keeping Clean
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Keeping your body clean n helps elps re are you to stay healthy. Here n do o to some things you can stay clean:
hower and an wash • Take a bath orr shower your body with soap. our hair. hai • Wash your
• Brush teeth. h your teeth
• Wear W r clean cl an n clothes.
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Washing your hands regularly ms is very important to stop germs from getting into your body. ng the Wash your hands after using bathroom, when you come e in from outside and before you eat.
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Wash your hands afterr you blow w your nose, cough or sneeze. e
Getting Enough Sleep p
Your body is very busy during uring the day. When you sleep, you your ou u give you body a rest and get ready eady y for the th next day.
AB
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Getting enough sleep sl sle is important imp im to stay healthy. y. You ou sho sh should try to get at least 10 hours ours rs of sleep slee each night. Activity vity 2.12
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What Are Germs?
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A Closer Look
Germs are living things that are so small, ll, we canno cann cannot see them. Germs can be harmful if they ey get inside insid your body. They can cause us to get sick. When you touch things with germs ms on them, them the germs can stick to your hands.. These hese germs germ can get into your body when you touch ch your face. fac
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he you Germs can also be spread to other places when g around you. y touch the things
The best way to stop germs rms from g ge getting into your body is to wash your hands ands ds often. When you wash your our hands with w soap and water, you wash away the germs. erms. You can also use gel to kill germs. e hand g
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How to Wash Your Hands
1
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p stop op Washing your hands is the best way to help op germs getting into your body. It also helpss stop germs spreading to other people. Here’ss the he best way to wash your hands.
Turn on the tap and a our hands hand with wett your ean warm or cold clean water. ater. Turn off the tap and appl apply some soap.
hands with soap by rubbing them Lather your han together. ogether. Rub the soap all over your hands. The front, ogeth the back, between your fingers and under your nails. ack, be ack
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Happy Birth Birthday to you! Happy Birth Birthday to you!
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K Keep lathering athering your you yo h dss with soap for hands a out 20 seco about seconds. To k w how lo long 20 know l sseconds econds is is, sing the ssong on Hap Ha Happy Birthday times! ttwo tim
4
Turn on the tap and Tu rinse away all the soap. This washes away the germs too!
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Use a clean cloth or paper towel to turn off the tap and dry your hands.
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When You Are Sick When you are sick, your parents may take you to see a doctor. A doctor finds out why you are sick and help you to get better faster.
From time to time, germs ms can get ge use you to into your body and cause ave e a runny runn get sick. You might have nose, a headache or a sore throat. th h and sneeze. sneez You might cough
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Did You Know?
When you are re sick, ck, you can c mss to other people. spread germs y gett sick too. to t They may
To stop op p spreading spreadin germs and to ell quickly get well quickly, you should stay home ome and get ge plenty of rest.
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Go Online! e! Learn more about abo how an how we get sick and to get well fa fast on the NGScience website. QuickCode: C3Y6 QuickCo
Cough and sneeze into a tissue. ue. Put the tissue in a bin and wash ash ave a your hands. If you don’t have tissue, you can cough orr sneeze into your elbow.
Think Deeply
How does coughing or sneezing into a tissue help to stop spread germs?
You can also wear a face mask ace mas ma when around other people. eople. p
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Science Words
head face senses sight
hearing ng smell ll taste touch
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body legs feet arms hands
Review
an hands. 1. List two ways you use your arms and e your legs and feet. 2. List two ways you use 3. List five different parts arts of your yo face.
4. Which sense organ n do you y use to taste? (a) ears (b) nose (c) tongue ense organ org do you use to hear? 5. Which sense (a) ears ars (b) nose ose (c tongue tongu (c)
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6. Which sense organ do you use to see? (a) ears (b) eyes (c) tongue
7. True or false. (a) You should eat a variety of healthy althy foods. food healt (b) Drinking lots of water keeps you healthy. 8. List three ways you can stay active.
9. List three ways you can an keep your you body clean.
y 10. Why is it important to wash your hands regularly? 11. What should you do when whe you are sick? (a) Play with your you friends. end (b) Stay home e and get plenty of rest. (c) Cough and nd sneeze sneez into your hands.
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In the Field
Eating healthy food is a great way to take care of your body. A dietitian is a scientist that knowss all about foods and the different ways they can help your body. Dietitians teach people how w to stay sta healthy by eating healthy foods. y foods ds. s.
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If you are sick, a dietitian tian n can n help h el hel you choose the right ht foods odss to to get g better quickly.
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All About Plants
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In this chapter pter you will ...
• list places where here plants can be found. d label the parts of a plant. • identify and • list the needs of plants. pla
de cribe how plants change as they grow. • describe • list some ways people use plants. so
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Go Online!
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Access interactive nteracti t content relating to opic on the th this topic Science website. NGScience ngscience.c ngscience.com
What are the parts of a plant?
Whatt things do d plants need ed to live and grow?
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Plants Around round Us U Plants are living ng thing things that d alll over th tthe world. are found Try This! Visit an area with lots of plants. Draw one tall plant and one short plant.
There are ea re plants plla ants in forests and deserts. are d de d eserts. There T pla ants in in our our parks and ou plants gardens g ardens arde ns to ttoo. o
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ere are plants in your There and around sschoolyard cho your y our home. h
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Where can plants be found in your area?
ca t Plants live in water too. They live in ponds, s, lakes and rivers.
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People also grow ow ow plants on farms. ms. Activity ity 3.1
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What are the different parts of a plant?
Parts of a Plantt
Most plants have the e same parts. par tem and leaves. They have roots, a stem The different parts rts help the th plant in ys. different ways.
Try This!
leaf
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Pull a weed from the ground. Observe and describe the different parts.
stem
Go Online! ine
Label different nt parts ant on the of a plant NGScience website. ence website QuickCode: kCode: J4R3
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roots
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Some plants also have flowers and fruits.
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flowerr
fruit fr
Can you name a fruit can eat? that people p
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Activities 3.2 – 3.7
Try This! Take a piece of fruit and ask an adult to cut it into halves. What’s inside?
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What tthings do plants nee need to live and grow?
Needs of Plants Ne All pla plants need the same things live and grow. tto liv Plants need sunlight. They take in sunlight through their leaves. Sunlight helps the plant to make food.
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Plants need air. They ey take ke all holes in in air through small their leaves. eed ed water wate Plants also need water.. th They take in water throu through their roots. ts.
Think Deeply Where does the water plants take in through their roots come from?
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nd d water help plants to Air and make they need to ake the food tth ve and grow grow. live AB
Activity 3.8
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Try This!
How ow Plant Plants Grow Plants lantss grow grow from seeds. When When a seed Wh se e gets water and warmth wa arrm mth it starts to grow. The mth roots down into the soil. r s grow g
a
Sprinkle some radish seeds on a dish of cotton wool. Wet the cotton wool and place the dish near a window. Care for the plants as they grow. Draw the changes you see.
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The stem and leaves grow up towards the sky. As a plant grows, it gets bigger. Some plants will also grow flowers and fruits.
Go Online! Watch how a plant grows on the NGScience website. QuickCode: V2X4 Activity 3.9
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How does a plant change as it grows? c 77
How We Use Plantss People use plants in different ent ways. ways ys. kinds of of We eat many differentt kinds plants and plant parts. ts. ts
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ables a re foods fo Fruits and vegetables are that come from m plants. plants.
What are some som plants you u eat from day to day?
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People use plants to to d decorate ecorate their gardens and homes. homes.
What are some other u plants? ways people use
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A Closer Look
The Venus Flytrap Plants make food by taking in sunlight through ough their the leaves. Some plants also eat animals for food! The Venus flytrap is a plant that eatss small animals an such as flies for food. It has special leaves eaves tthat can close quickly to trap the animals.
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Over time, the Venus flytrap breaks down and eats e finished finishe the trapped animals. When they have eating, the leaves open up and are ready to trap the next animal.
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Science Words
sunlight air water seeds
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roots stem leaves flowers fruits
Review
1. List three places you can find nd plants. plants
2. Which plant part holdss up the plant? p (a) flowers (b) roots (c) stem 3. Which plant part takes in sunlight? t (a) roots (b) stem (c) leaves es
4. Which ch plant part par takes in water from the soil? (a) roots (b) (b stem (c) leaves l
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5. True or false. (a) All plants have flowers. (b) All plants have fruits.
6. List two things a seed needs to start rt to grow. 7. Describe how a plant changes as it grows.
8. Use the pictures to tell how people eople use plants.
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(a)
(b)
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All About Animals In this chapter you will ... • list different kinds of animals.
• tell some ways animals move.
• tell how animals grow and change. e.
nt to people • tell how animals are important people.
What are ssome different kinds of animals? an
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Where do animals live? How do animals move?
Go Online! Access interactive content relating to this topic on the NGScience website. ngscience.com
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Animals Around Us There are many different di kinds of animals. There e are small sm animals like s, bugs and a butterflies. ants, There here are a big animals like crocodiles, bears and elephants.
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Animals come in all shapes and sizes. zes. They live in many different places. es.
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They move about in different nt ways. Name and describe e some w. animals you know. AB
Activities ities 4.1 4 – 4.4
Try This! Describe an n animal to a friend. See if they can guess the animal.
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Needs ds of Ani Animals
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Allll animals A ani nimal als n need eed the same and grow. tthings hing ngs to to live live a Animals Anim ima need food. S Some animals eat plants. Some animals eat other animals.
What is your favorite animal? What food does it eat?
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Animals need air and water too. Think of an animal you know of. Tell how it gets the things it needs. AB
Activity 4.5
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How Animals Move Animals als m move ove in different ways. nd d, animals anima walk, run, jump On land, ho op. and hop. e uses its body to slide on A snake tthe ground or climb a tree.
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Butterflies, birds and bats fly from place to place.
List some animals you know of. Tell how they move. AB Activities 4.6 – 4.8
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Many animals live in lakes, riverss and the ocean. These animals move about by swimming. Amazing A m Fact!
A fflying fish uses its wing-like fins to glide w through the air.
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ga le du ca t Try This!
Compare a young chick to an adult chicken. How are they the same? How are they different?
Animals ls Have Young Y All animals mals have yo young.
Animals cows and tigers give mals als like cow birth rth to o their young. y like birds and turtles lay Animals imals lik eggs. animals hatch from e ss. Young Yo eggs. the e
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Many young look like their parents. Some young animals, like frogss and butterflies, do not look like ke their parents. They change to look more ore re like their parents as they grow. w.
Amazing Fact!
It takes a butterfly about one month to change from a caterpillar to an adult butterfly.
Tell how a young g frog changes as it grows. ws AB
Activity 4.9
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Animals and People Peo Animals are important ta ant tto o people. We keep animals on mallss o ma n ffarms arm ar r and in zoos..
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We keep at home p animals aniim mals a as pets. tss. AB
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Activity 4.10
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We eat some animals for food.
Try This!
Foods like eggs, milk and cheese eese e come from animals too. What are some other er ways people use animals? nimals?
With a friend, make a list of the different foods you eat. Which foods come from plants? Which foods come from animals?
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at
A Closer Look
ms Farms arms
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A fa farm arm is is a place where people p eoplle e raise ra and care ffor or a nim animals. The animals are used by people in a re u different ways. d iffe Farmers get milk from cows and goats. They get eggs from chickens and wool from sheep.
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Review
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1. List three places where you can find animals. als. 2. List three things animals need.
3. List three different ways animals can move move. 4. How do animals change as they y grow?
5. Use the pictures to tell how people use animals.
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(a)
(b)
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Environments
n
5
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In this chapter you will ...
• observe the different placess where pla plants and animals live. • identify the relationship between betwee the needs of plants and animals and the plac places they live.
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AB
Activity 5.1
Go Online! e!
ati on
What are some places where plants and animals live?
Access ss interac interactive tent relatin content relating to this topic on the NGScience website. ngscience.com ngscien
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Where re Plants and Animals mals Live Liv Plants nts and and animals ani can live in many m any different differe places. Some places are hot and dry. S ome p la Other places get lots of rain. O ther p Some plants and animals So lillive ive underwater.
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The place where plants and animals live gives them all of the he things they need to survive. ve. Plants get the sunlight, t, water ater and air they need in the he place l they live.
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Animals get the water and he food food, w air they need rom the place d from pla they live. AB
Activity ivity 5.2
Engineer It!
Five new animals have arrived at the City Zoo. Design a new home for one of the animals. Think Deeply What’s your favorite animal? Where does it live? How does it get the things it needs to survive?
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Rainforests stss A rainforest rest is a hot ho place that ots off rain. gets lots
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There many ere e are man ma different kinds ants. of plants.
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ca t Think Deeply
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Why are there so many plants in rainforests?
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Think Deeply Why are there so many different kinds of animals in rainforests?
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Rainforests nfo orests hav ha have lots of plants water. This plant ts and w mak kes the makes them a suitable place pla plac lace to live for many different kinds of animals. dif differen
Activity 5.3
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Can you name some of these rainforest animals? 105
A Closer Look
Amazing Toucans! Toucans are birds that live in tropical rainforests. orests. They are well-known for their large and d colorful dies, toucans touc bills. Compared to the size of their bodies, have the longest bills of all birds. Although their bills hough th ills are very big, they are also very light.t. Toucans mostly eat fruit. They use se their thei bills to pluck and pick fruits such ass figs, papayas, pa me toucans also eat oranges and guavas. Some insects and small lizards.
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Toucans have small wings and are not very good at an flying. They mostly move about using their legss and claws to hop between trees. to oucans. o c ns. The cans. Th There are about 40 different kinds of toucans. a biggest iss the toco toucan. They can be as long as 70 centimeters and weigh up to one ne kilogram! kilogram
Activity 5.4
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Grasslands ds Grasslandss are re flat places pla with lots of grass plants. ass and short sho sh Did You Know?
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Grasslands are also called plains, prairies or savannas.
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What kinds of animals can you find in grasslands?
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The plantss in grasslands grasslan provide food and d shelter helter for a great y of animals. animals anima variety
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Talk about how these animals get the things ssland. they need in a grassland. AB
Activity 5.5
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Deserts Amazing Fact!
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Cacti are desert plants that can store lots of water in their stems! This lets them survive for a long time without water.
Deserts are very dry places. p serts it may m only In some deserts imes a year. rain a few times
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du ca t
Desert plants, such as cacti, can survive with very little water. In what ways are rent desert plants different nts? from rainforest plants?
Engineer E ng It!
An Animals try to eat cacti to get the water inside the stems. Design and build a cactus that will stop animals from getting to its water.
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Think Deeply Why are there fewer plants in deserts than in rainforests?
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Desertt animals animals can c survive with little rain. rain. Some get the water S ome animals anim anim niim tthey hey need he nee eed from plants. Think Deeply
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Why do some desert plants have sharp, spiky leaves?
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How do desert animals ma als hey need? ne eed? eed get the things they AB
Activity y 5.6 6
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The Ocean Amazing Fact!
The ocean to many cean is home ho different ent kinds kind of animals.
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Most of the Earth is covered by oceans!
The ocean is a big body b of salt water.
Ho do ocean animals How get the air they need?
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Whales, lobsters, sea turtles and fish are ocean animals. What are some other her kinds of animals that at live in the ocean?? Activity 5.7
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Tundras dras Amazing Fact! Tundra comes from the Finnish word tunturia which means ‘treeless land’.
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A tundra ndra dra is is a place pl pl that is cold, windy ndy and a d dry. d dry r There are not many ny trees tre ees or tall plants. At times, me mes es the ground may be covered in snow and ice. c ove
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Not many animals can live in a tundra all year.
When it gets too cold, some e animals move to warmerr places. place es.. Activities 5.8 – 5.9
d
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Engineer It! E
Yo just bought a You deserted island. Now it is time to build your home! Think Deeply
Why are many tundra animals covered in thick fur?
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A Closer Look
Antarctica – The Frozen Desert!
R
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When you think of a desert you may think of of a very hot place. Antarctica is the coldest st place p ace on Earth. It is also a desert!
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du ca tio n
Although many deserts eserts a are re hot, h a desert is a place that is dry y with with very ve little rainfall. ve Deserts can be hot cold. e ho h ot or cold l
While Antarctica arctica tica may ma be the coldest place on Earth,, it is also th driest. This makes the d Antarctica ctica a a very cold col desert. Being and ng so so cold da nd dry makes it difficult for plants plant pla ants and and animals anim to live there.
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Science Words
desert ocean
tundra
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rainforest grassland Review
1. List three things animals get from m the place pla they live.
2. List three things plants get from the place they live.
3. Choose a word to describe cribe each ea place. rainforest
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ocean cean
desert
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
tundra
(c)
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4. Name the place you might find each animal. (a) (b)
(d)
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5. Name the place you might find fi each plant. (a) (b) (b
(c)
(d)
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In the Field
A park ranger is a person that works to protect natural environments and the living things that live there. that at They often patrol parks to check that damag age people follow rules and do not damage the environment.
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ca They also care for the ep plants lants ants a and nd animals in the environment and d make make sure su visitors have a safe and enjoyable ble time. time.
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Re ga le du ca tio n © Blue Ring Media edia Pty Ltd td ACN 161 590 496 4 2013 - 2021.
This publication possible without the tireless effort of our production team. ation would not have been pos Special thanks to: Matthew hew Cole, Daniel Cole, W Wang Hui Guan Joseph Taylor-Pritchard, Sophie Taylor-Pritchard, Tejal Thakur, eph Anderson, Halle T Taylor-Pr Varasinun Pookwanmuang, Saijit Lueangsrisuk arasinun Mathanattapat, Mathanattapat Kanungnit Kanu
Original Illustrations: Natchanuch Nakapat, graphicsRF, Blue Ring Media and Interact Images Illustrat Nat Royalty-free images: Shutterstock, Adobe Stock imag S