Invest in Kurdistan by Rod Olivares

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ABOUT STER GROUP

Founded in Erbil, Ster Group has emerged as one of Iraq’s fastest growing conglomerates. The Group’s core expertise includes construction,environmental engineering, consultancy, insurance, security, power,communication, general trading, tourism, information technology and research. Ster Group also actively invests in a widerange of real estate projects. A dominant leader in its domestic market, Ster Group possesses an unparalleled level of scope and experience while maintaining a global reach that transcends international borders.

A STER GROUP PROJECT STER TOWER BUSINESS CENTER Work in comfort and safety and grow your business

You can focus on your business instead of life support. Which office space in Erbil gives you all of these amenities? security to US standards reliable 24/7 power # 1 brand Air Condition system in the world one contract for security, ICT, insurance and life support flexible office options, shop area options Ster Tower Business Centre – opening in December 2009. www.stertower.com Erbil-Ainkawa, Kurdistan (Iraq) phone: +964 66 256 9200

Dubai, UAE address: P.O. Box 214079

www.stergroup.com info@stergroup.com

OUR GROUP With you along the way

All-inclusive Services

Ster Insurance was founded in 2004 and is the largest private insurance company in Iraq and Kurdistan. It is licensed by both the central government and the regional government. It has treaties and the right to issue internationally backed policies. www.sic-iq.com

Ster Company provides a wide-range of all-inclusive services and support to industrial, commercial and government clients. Its construction arm offers construction management, general construction, and design-build services for a wide range of projects.

Internet Service Provider

Business ICT Solutions Ster Logic is a new company within Ster Group. Professionally structured along ITIL-guidelines, SterLogic provides a wide array for ICT-related services. With the increased dependence on technology, organizations depend more on IT services. By outsourcing these IT services, organizations are able to concentrate on their core business while we take care of their IT needs. www.sterlogic.com

TarinNet founded in 2006, provides Internet services to the regional government, businesses and people of Kurdistan. A technological pioneer, TarinNet was the first Internet service provider to offer Internet connections to the Kurdistan region. TarinNet is the biggest ISP in Kurdistan. www.tarinnet.info

Oil & Gas Industry Ster Petroleum primarily focuses on activities in the energy sector. Having developed several strategic partnerships, the company is an active player in the rapidly growing Kurdish oil and gas industry.

Professional Security Ster Security is a leading provider of security consulting and planning services. Recognized for the expertise of its personnel, Ster Security is made up of a team of highly trained and experienced security professionals. Ster Security has the ability to meet a variety of unique security needs.

Pure Natural Freshness Kani Water, producer of pure natural mineral water in Kurdistan, was established in 2006. As a unique brand, Kani Water has become a generic name for mineral and bottled water in Iraqi Kurdistan. By providing world-class products known for their natural freshness, Kani became a brand of the Coca Cola Company in 2008. Coca Cola is the official distributor of Kani www.kani-water.com

Professional Travel Company Laru Travel established in 2004 is the only professional travel agency in Iraq. With stock tickets from major international airlines, Laru Travel can provide full booking services inbound and outbound from Iraq via major hub cities. The company specializes in corporate travel and provides comprehensive and independent advice on a wide range of travel services.

OUR PARTNERS OUR PARTNERS

Zerin Nordic assists companies in developing and establishing business in fast growing markets in Iraq and in the Middle East. Local presence in Erbil, Iraqi Kurdistan and in Sweden, enables Zerin Nordic to serve Nordic and Western markets. www.zerinnordic.com

Coca Cola has returned to Iraq after an absence of nearly four decades. Ster Group is proud to announce to be a shareholder of Coca Cola Beverages Limited in Kurdistan. In May 2008 the first Coca Cola plant in Iraq was opened in Erbil, the capital of Kurdistan.

Employment opportunities available Email us at careers@stergroup.com for further information

Vanguard provides clients with professional security operations to further their production needs in a safe and secure environment. The company possesses extensive experience in the oil and gas industry in the Kurdish Region of Iraq.

Ebtikar Investment L.L.C Head Office, Dubai Tel : + 971 4 2661119 Fax : + 971 4 297 3546 P.O.Box : 1286 , Dubai, UAE

Ebtikar Motors- Sulaimania Tel : + 964 770 5422 226

Ebtikar Motors- Erbil Tel : + 964 750 4499 711

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FOREWORD

HE President Masoud Barzani

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President Barzani and Iraq's President Talabani talk before the regional parliament election in Erbil

FOREWORD =VlgVb^! ]Vh _jhi ^c[dgbZY i]Z ldgaY i]Vi Vc dâ ÒZaY ^c OV`]d ^h XVeVWaZ d[ Zmedgi^c\ &%%!%%% WVggZah eZg YVn# I]Z @G< ^h gZVYn id jhZ i]Z >gVf dâ eêZa^cZ i]Vi \dZh i]gdj\] Ijg`Zn id Zmedgi [gdb i]^h dâ ÒZaY# 6aa i]Z gZkZcjZh VgZ id WZ Y^hig^WjiZY Vbdc\ Vaa i]Z eZdeaZ d[ >gVf# I]Z `Zn egdWaZb ]Vh WZZc i]Vi i]Z [ZYZgVa \dkZgcbZci ]Vh cdi WZZc lâa^c\ id XddeZgViZ! VcY h^bean jclâa^c\ id Vaadl VcndcZ ZahZ ^c i]Z egdk^cXZh d[ >gVf VcY djg GZ\^dc id ldg` Z[[ZXi^kZan Ä eZg]Veh WZXVjhZ lZ ]VkZ egdkZc lZ XVc Yd i]^c\h bdgZ Z[ÒX^Zcian! igVcheVgZcian! VcY [V^gan# 7ji > hVn id i]Z ldgaY! lZ ]VkZ cdi YdcZ Vcni]^c\ V\V^chi i]Z 8dchiîji^dc# >i ^h i]Z ;ZYZgVa <dkZgcbZci i]Vi ]Vh [VâZY id gZheZXi i]Z 8dchiîji^dc# LZ ]VkZ gZeZViZYan hV^Y i]Vi i]Z 8dchiîji^dc h]djaY WZ i]Z \j^YZ! VcY lZ ]VkZ YZbdchigViZY djg XdbbîbZci id i]Z 8dchiîji^dc# LZ gZbV^c gZVYn id XddeZgViZ id gZhdakZ Vaa i]Z djihiVcY^c\ ^hhjZh! ^cXajY^c\ i]Z dâ VcY \Vh aVl# :miZgcVa GZaVi^dch I]Z @jgY^hiVc GZ\^dc XjggZcian Zc_dnh bjX] WZiiZg gZaVi^dch lî] cZ^\]Wdg^c\ VcY gZ\^dcVa Xdjcig^Zh i]Vc ^c i]Z eVhi! ZheZX^Vaan lî] Ijg`Zn! VcY lZ VgZ

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0ILGRIMAGES AND #ULTURAL 4OURS ALL OVER )RAQ 4HE FIRST #OMPANY FOR #ULTURE AND 4OURISM IN )RAQI +URDISTAN

www.babel-tours.com ,)6% 4(% 02%3%.4 ).4%.3%,9 $)6% ).4/ ()34/29 Babel Tours

Shlama Street - Ankawa - Iraq Phone : + 964 (0) 750 719 6801- contact@babel-tours.com

Actively contributing to the development of the Middle East for over 40 years

Crescent Petroleum is the oldest private petroleum company in the Middle East, with over 40 years of experience as an international operator in numerous countries including Egypt, Pakistan, Yemen, Canada, Yugoslavia, Tunisia, Argentina, in addition to its continuing local operations in the United Arab Emirates. Headquartered in Sharjah in the UAE, Crescent Petroleum has international offices in the UK, Iran, and three locations across Iraq, as well as affiliated offices in Egypt, Canada, Saudi Arabia, and Bahrain. Crescent Petroleum is also the largest shareholder in Dana Gas, the Middle East‘s first and largest regional private-sector natural gas company. In both onshore and offshore exploration and production, Crescent Petroleum has shown its vast level of experience in the construction and operation of oil and gas production facilities, pipeline transmission and the drilling of deep, high pressure/high temperature horizontal wells. Crescent Petroleum is the only international oil company that has had a continuous presence in Iraq for the last 17 years, and has been the only international oil company to maintain an operational office in Baghdad throughout this period. Being the only Iraqi-owned international oil company, Crescent Petroleum is firmly committed to the long-term development of the Iraqi oil and gas industry and energy sectors.

Crescent Petroleum in Iraq Iraq Current Projects: In equal partnership, both Crescent Petroleum and Dana Gas are investing US$650 Million in a fast track gas development project in the Kurdistan region of Iraq, the largest investment in Iraq for decades, providing employment opportunities for over 2,000 Iraqis of all ethnic groups, and saving the government over US$2.5 billion a year in imported fuel costs. The project is to develop, produce, process and transport gas from two major gas fields to fuel the urgently needed generation of electricity for at least 4 million Iraqis, which involves installing two brand new US-built processing plants and laying 180 kilometres of gas pipeline across mountainous and mine-field terrain. “Gas City” Industrial Complex: In addition, Crescent Petroleum and Dana Gas are developing a joint gas strategy with the Kurdistan Regional Government to optimise economic value creation from gas, including essential job creation. This strategy involves the creation of an innovative, sustainable, synergistic gas industrial complex. Similar gas strategies are being formulated for Anbar and Basra Governorates, where Crescent Petroleum is already engaged with the relevant provincial and federal authorities in a view to meet local infrastructure needs, fully utilize the currently flared gas, and launch the Anbar and Basra Gas Cities on an even larger scale than the one in the Kurdistan Region.

Other Iraq Projects: Crescent Petroleum had previously conducted a very large scale study of the Ratawi oil field in southern Iraq on the request of the Ministry of Oil, and had finalized a complete fast track development plan to achieve escalating oil production within 18 months reaching a plateau production of 250,000 barrels of oil per day. Crescent Petroleum also conducted training courses for Ministry of Oil staff in reservoir modelling, together with hands-on training in geophysical processing and interpretation while conducting the recent study of an exploration area in southern Iraq also at the Ministry of Oil’s request under the jointly signed Memorandum of Technical Cooperation. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) & Education: Crescent Petroleum has been actively involved in sponsoring important initiatives related to Iraq such as the AMAR-Crescent Development Centre in Basra; and has also sponsored three leading Iraqi universities (including Basra University, Baghdad University and The American Univerity of Iraq in Sulaimaniya) to attend the GetEnergy 2008 educational conference in London. On CSR, Crescent Petroleum is playing a leading role in addressing local community needs, where it has donated power generators, water purification systems and public health equipment to the Iraqi people, conducted several school building rehabilitation projects, and constructed a number of soccer and athletics fields in different locations in Iraq.

PO Box 211, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates Tel: + 971 (6) 572 7000 Fax: + 971 (6) 572 6000 Email: mail@crescent.ae www.crescent.ae

FOREWORD

<ddY 7jh^cZhh HZchZ Bernard Kouchner, French Foreign Minister

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FOREWORD

6 Edh^i^kZ Djiadd` Rt. Hon. David Miliband MP U.K. Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs

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>gVf ^h cdl deZc [dg Wjh^cZhh VcY i]Z eg^kViZ hZXidg ]Vh Vc deedgijc^in id Ódjg^h]

Foreign Secretary David Miliband

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FOREWORD

6 7ZVXdc d[ HiVW^a^in The Honorable Lincoln Davis, Member of the United States Congress, Co-Founder, Kurdish American Caucus, and The Honorable Joe Wilson, Member of the United States Congress, Co-Founder, Kurdish American Caucus

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The Honorable Lincoln Davis

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The Honorable Joe Wilson

FOREWORD

Germany opens consulate in Erbil, 2009

Minister Falah Mustafa Bakir, Head of the Kurdistan Regional Government’s Department of Foreign Relations

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FOREWORD

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FOREWORD

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INTERVIEW

8gZVi^c\ V 7g^\]i ;jijgZ ;dg 6aa Professor Brendan O’Leary interviews Prime Minister Nechirvan Barzani at his official residence in Erbil Eg^bZ B^c^hiZg! l]n h]djaY V [dgZ^\cZg dg V [dgZ^\c XdbeVcn ^ckZhi ^c i]Z @jgY^hiVc GZ\^dc4 I]Z @jgY^hiVc GZ\^dc d[ >gVf ]Vh ZmeZg^ZcXZY jcegZXZYZciZY YZkZadebZci h^cXZ i]Z dkZgi]gdl d[ i]Z [dgbZg gZ\^bZ ^c '%%(! VcY lZ d[[Zg V gVc\Z d[ ZmXî^c\ deedgijcî^Zh [dg [dgZ^\c ^ckZhidgh! YZheîZ i]Z \adWVa ZXdcdb^X Xg^h^h# >gVf Vh V l]daZ ]Vh ]VY id WZ gZWjâi [gdb hXgViX]! V[iZg (* nZVgh d[ idiVaîVg^Vc Y^XiVidgh]ê# I]dj\] i]Z Xdjcign ^h g^X] ^c cVijgVa VcY ]jbVc gZhdjgXZh! î higdc\an cZZYh [dgZ^\c ^ckZhibZci d[ Vaa `^cYh id gZWjâY VcY je\gVYZ îh ^c[gVhigjXijgZ VcY îh ZYjXVi^dcVa! ]ZVai] VcY \dkZgcbZciVa hnhiZbh# 6[iZg i]Z gZbdkVa d[ HVYYVb =jhhZ^cÉh gZ\^bZ ^c '%%( lZ lZgZ i]Z dcan eVgi d[ i]Z Xdjcign i]Vi lVh ehnX]dad\^XVaan gZVYn [dg i]Z cZl >gVf! eVgian WZXVjhZ bjX] d[ i]Z @jgY^hiVc GZ\^dc ]VY WZZc [gZZ d[ ]^h Y^gZXi ^cÓjZcXZ h^cXZ &..&# 6[iZg nZVgh d[ ^hdaVi^dc! lZ ZbWgVXZY [dgZ^\c ^ciZgVXi^dc VcY ZcXdjgV\ZY [dgZ^\c Y^gZXi ^ckZhibZci# LZ YZa^WZgViZan XgV[iZY V aZ\^haVi^kZ VcY hZXjgîn [gVbZldg` id WZ ViigVXi^kZ [dg ZmiZgcVa ^ckZhidgh# I]Z EVga^VbZci d[ i]Z @jgY^hiVc GZ\^dc eVhhZY i]Z >ckZhibZci AVl ^c ?jan '%%+# >i ^h XdbegZ]Zch^kZ VcY ^ckZhidg"[g^ZcYan! d[[Zg^c\ \ZcZgdjh ^cXZci^kZh id djih^YZ ^ckZhidgh! ^cXajY^c\ i]Z g^\]i d[ [jaa egdeZgin dlcZgh]ê! iVm VcY Xjhidbh Yjin ZmZbei^dch! gZeVig^Vi^dc! VcY eVgicZgh]êh# >c 6j\jhi '%%, djg CVi^dcVa 6hhZbWan eVhhZY i]Z @jgY^hiVc GZ\^dc dâ VcY \Vh aVl# JcYZg i]Z >gVf^ 8dchiîji^dc! gZ\^dch ]VkZ i]Z g^\]i id bVcV\Z i]Z^g dlc egZk^djhan jcZmeadîZY dâ VcY \Vh gZhZgkZh# LZ VgZ ^beaZbZci^c\ djg g^\]ih! VcY lâa h]VgZ i]Z dâ gZkZcjZh lî] i]Z gZhi d[ >gVf# I]^h lâa WZcZÒi cdi

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RUNNINGHEAD

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Khor Mor Gas Plant Kurdistan Region of Iraq

El Wastani Plant - Egypt

Khor Mor Gas Plant Kurdistan Region of Iraq

UAE Gas Project SAJGAS Plant - UAE

OVERVIEW

An overview by Professor Brendan O’Leary

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OVERVIEW

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OVERVIEW

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OVERVIEW

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OVERVIEW

=deZ IZbeZgZY 7n 6cm^Zin The Kurds of Iraq in the 21st century

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OVERVIEW

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OVERVIEW

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U.S. President Obama meets with Iraqi President Talabani and Iraqi Vice Presidents Abdul-Mahdi and al-Hashemi in Baghdad

WHY INVEST IN KURDISTAN?

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WHY INVEST IN KURDISTAN?

Iraqi President Jalal Talabani (left) and President of the Kurdistan Region Masoud Barzani (right)

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WHY INVEST IN KURDISTAN?

EgdÒ aZh

When the Kurds had a disagreement with Baghdad, they used to go to the mountains and ﬁght. Today, they engage politically. Below are proﬁles of two key Kurdish leaders in the Federal Government in Baghdad

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SECURITY, LAW AND DEMOCRACY

During the past few years, there has been a marked improvement in the security of the Kurdistan Region, says Professor Brendan O’Leary

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SECURITY, LAW AND DEMOCRACY

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SECURITY, LAW AND DEMOCRACY

PROFESSOR BRENDAN O’LEARY INTERVIEWS KARIM SINJARI, MINISTER OF THE INTERIOR Minister, can you tell me what improvements there have been in security since 2003? Let me first say what it was like before 2003. Before 1991, people hated the police. They rightly saw them as the tools of Saddam and his repressive regime. We then won our autonomy, even though it was not properly recognized by the wider world. We had to work very hard to build trust between our new police and the communities they protect. They are now seen as law enforcers rather than law abusers. We now have very significant and willing cooperation from our public, unlike Saddam’s police. We were autonomous between 1991 and 2003, but we suffered from two embargoes; that of the world community against Iraq, and that of Iraq against our Region. Iraq cut us off completely from its policing materials, its colleges, and all the basic essentials. The embargoes really handicapped us. For example, before 2003 we did not even have supplies of fingerprint powder. After 2003 the international doors were opened, and we were able to re-equip and make a fresh start. Since 2003, coalition forces and governments have helped us with training and with equipment. We have received help from some European countries, such as Germany. Of course, we are not perfect, but I am satisfied at our progress. We have radically improved our training and technological capabilities. In our Police Training Colleges we no longer teach Saddam’s history; instead, we teach human rights, democratic systems, and multi-party systems. Our ordinary police are high-school graduates whom we put through three years of training. Our officers are college graduates, whom we train for eight months. We have a good and growing number of women. We have police recruited from the minority religions and nationalities. Salaries have been raised to a starting salary of 500,000 Iraqi dinars a month, and we have decent pension arrangements.

What is the scale of criminality in the Kurdistan Region? Crime, of course, exists everywhere: theft, killing, assaults, rape and murder. But compared with the rest of Iraq, or with neighboring countries, or the wider region, we are in very good shape. Moreover, we have data, in which we are conﬁdent, that shows a 30-40 percent fall in a range of crime rates in recent years.

And how do you explain that? Good police work, as you would expect me to say, but our better police work is explained by what we have just discussed. I would also put it down to our dramatically improved economic development, and the higher employment and higher income levels of our citizens.

What about security against terrorism? We are vigilant, and we have been effective. The Asayesh works on counter-terrorism and counter-espionage. It is an intelligence agency with the power of arrest. We have a Higher Committee for Security – the Interior Minister, the Asayesh, the Peshmerga and the Traffic Police are all represented on it. They plan and evaluate. The Committee is replicated at governorate, district and sub-district level (where mayors are involved). We cooperate. We know that intelligence and cooperation are critical to our continued success. We have helped the international coalition forces, and they have helped us. Many times we stop attacks inside Arab Iraq, not here. If they plan to do something here we nip their actions in the bud – with the coalition forces or Iraqi federal forces. Since May 2005 we have had no major terrorist incident within the KRG, despite the fact that Mosul, where Baathists roam freely, is a mere 50km from Kirkuk. They have tried to infiltrate us, but we have stopped them – so far. Erbil, for example, is a flat city so we have ringed it with a ditch, 73km long, which ensures we can check all vehicles carefully without disrupting normal life too much.

How can foreign investment and aid help you? In training and equipment. We worked with Americans in introducing an investment program performance monitoring system, a computerized policing system for personnel

management, iris IDs of police staff, and communications among police stations. In a year and a half in Baghdad they could not do anything. I urged them, “why not come and practice here?” They came, and within ﬁve weeks they did what they could not do in Baghdad. We are working to get a DNA machine, and seeking better equipment to check for weapons. The Koreans provided us with a computerized ﬁngerprinting program. We will be constantly upgrading our systems with foreign investment and counsel.

In many countries, police are a source of corruption. Have you signiﬁcant corruption? What do you do to prevent it? I would be a liar if I said I could assure you that no police are corrupt, but it is very limited. We are conﬁdent that salary raises have helped; we also have strengthened internal disciplinary investigations and have punished infractions. We pay attention to public complaints, and we try to put in place systems of operation that minimize the chances for corrupt conduct.

What about crimes against women? Genderbased violence? Spousal abuse? The Prime Minister has rightly taken a vigorous and tough stand on all these questions and chairs a High Committee on all these subjects – including genital mutilation of baby girls. The Interior Ministry has the lead responsibility. We have carried out careful investigations and analyses and have good data on all these subjects. We have arrested and charged far more people. They have been judged and in some cases have faced execution or long sentences. And that has had a transformative effect. Women are now far more likely to come to the police for help or with complaints, and if the question cannot be resolved to their satisfaction, we have safe havens for them while we arrest offenders.

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SECURITY, LAW AND DEMOCRACY

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SECURITY, LAW AND DEMOCRACY

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SECURITY, LAW AND DEMOCRACY

Liam Anderson explains why a compromise between the Kurds, Turkomens and Arabs is best to resolve the dispute over Kirkuk

Kurdish students walk to school in the oil-rich city of Kirkuk

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PROMOTING ECONOMIC GROWTH

I]Z B^c^hign d[ EaVcc^c\ Professor Brendan O’Leary interviews the Minister of Planning, Osman Shwani

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PROMOTING ECONOMIC GROWTH

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PROMOTING ECONOMIC GROWTH

From a ﬁrmly rooted agricultural industry, to a developing tourism sector, Dr. Zeki Fattah, Economic Advisor to the Prime Minister of the Kurdistan Regional Government, describes the Region’s key investment prospects

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PROMOTING ECONOMIC GROWTH

Professor Brendan O’Leary interviews Herish Muharam, Chairman of the Investment Board of the Kurdistan Region

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Nishan Trade Center in Erbil

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PROMOTING ECONOMIC GROWTH

STARTING UP INSURANCE IN KURDISTAN Dean Killock, Regional Director of Al Fajer Kurdistan, describes opening up an insurance sector in the Kurdistan Region

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Al Fajer Kurdistan insurance and reinsurance broker (AFK) is an international insurance broker, which is part of Anglo Arab Insurance Brokers (AAIB) based in Jordan. As a group, we have been active in the market since 2005, and established our locally registered office in Erbil in 2008. The company provides full insurance services to businesses operating in the Region and, through our group offices, we are able to offer clients a service in the Middle East and the rest of the world. We have a range of products and services for almost all sectors of the insurance market. The Kurdistan Region has immense potential to develop very rapidly and we see our role as working alongside the companies in other sectors that are and will be expanding the Region’s domestic commerce and industrial production. Insurance is a necessary product for most investors because it allows some of their risks to be minimized through the use of appropriately designed products. The development of the financial services sector in the Region will certainly occur. It will be driven by the needs of private sector businesses, foreign and domestic. But equally, it will take off extensively when the Kurdistan Regional Government starts to oblige companies to comply with insurance requirements on projects contracted out to commercial companies. We also anticipate direct stimulation of the insurance

sector through legislation and regulation. Together with the banking sector, insurance has played a pivotal role in the development of the world market economies. The number and size of the insurance companies in the most advanced economies is testament to that. Emergent markets, such as the Kurdistan Region, invariably follow suit. At Al Fajer Kurdistan we are constantly looking to innovate and bring new products to the market. One example is our international travel insurance policy, which offers medical and other cover for travel outside of the Kurdistan Region. Such coverage is an essential requirement for many visa-issuing consulates or embassies. The product provides peace of mind and security for travelers in the event of illness or accidents when they are away from home. We are committed to the enhancement of the financial services sector in Kurdistan, and we are actively engaging with public officials to assist where possible in the dynamic reform and reconstruction process that is underway. We anticipate greater understanding of the benefits that insurance products can offer in the general marketplace, and that our sector will be recognized as a valuable and necessary part of the economic progress of the Kurdistan Region. We also expect foreign competitors before long.

PROMOTING ECONOMIC GROWTH

Aydan Kodaloglu, President and CEO of AK Group International Consulting, describes business prospects in the Kurdistan Region from the perspective of a business consulting group

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Turkish trucks wait to cross Turkey’s Habur border gate to Iraq

PROMOTING ECONOMIC GROWTH

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Prime Minister Barzani meets with Lt. Gen. (Ret.) Daniel W. Christman, Senior Vice President for International Affairs, and members of the Kurdistan Region of Iraq’s Investment Task Force

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FORGING PARTNERSHIPS

United States Representation

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Qubad J. Talabani KRG Representative to the U.S. XVbeV^\c lî] V XZgZbdcn ^c LVh]^c\idc 9#8# VcY XddgY^cViZY XZgZbdc^Zh i]gdj\]dji i]Z JcîZY HiViZh# 8jai^kVi^c\ ZYjXVi^dcVa a^c`h ^h Vcdi]Zg `Zn eVgi d[ i]Z b^hh^dc! VcY ^cXajYZh YZkZade^c\ VcY ]Zae^c\ id aVjcX] XdjghZh ^c @jgY^h] hijY^Zh ^c J#H# XdaaZ\Zh VcY jc^kZghî^Zh! VcY XgZVi^c\ ZmX]Vc\Z egd\gVbh [dg hijYZcih VcY iZVX]Zgh WZilZZc J#H# VcY @jgY^h] [VXâî^Zh# :VX] nZVg i]Z @G<"J#H# GZegZhZciVi^dc [VXâîViZh @jgY^h] YZaZ\Vi^dc k^hîh id i]Z JcîZY HiViZh# >i Vahd Vhh^hih 6bZg^XVc YZaZ\Vi^dc k^hîh id i]Z @jgY^hiVc GZ\^dc! Vh lZaa Vh VXVYZb^X! gZa^\^djh VcY di]Zg \gdjeh! id [jgi]Zg higZc\i]Zc gZaVi^dch# >c V XdbeaZbZciVgn Z[[dgi! i]Z LVh]^c\idc 9#8# d[ÒXZ aVjcX]ZY VcY Xdci^cjZh id XddgY^cViZ ÆAZVYZg"id" AZVYZgÇ k^hîh id VcY [gdb >gVf^ @jgY^hiVc# I]ZhZ k^hîh d[[Zg eZZgh i]Z X]VcXZ id ZmX]Vc\Z aZ\^haVi^kZ VcY ZmZXji^kZ ZmeZg^ZcXZh! [dhiZg XadhZg i^Zh WZilZZc gZ\^dch h]Vg^c\ V\g^XjaijgVa! XjaijgVa VcY Wjh^cZhh VXi^kî^Zh! VcY egdk^YZ deedgijcî^Zh id Zc]VcXZ YZbdXgVi^X igVYî^dch# @jgY^hiVc GZ\^dcVa <dkZgcbZci J#H# GZegZhZciVi^dc &*(' &+i] Hi#! CL LVh]^c\idc 9#8# '%%(+ IZa/ & '%' ,., ,*,* :bVâ/ jh5`g\#dg\

FORGING PARTNERSHIPS

United Kingdom Representation

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Bayan Sami Abdul Rahman KRG High Representative to the U.K.

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KEY SECTORAL DEVELOPMENTS

K^VWâîn! HiVWâîn! EgdheZgîn Kurdistan is on the road to prosperity. Riad al Khouri reports

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Bayan Sami Abdul Rahman interviews Bayiz Talabani, Acting Minister for Finance and Economy, about the ministry’s role and aims BAYIZ TALABANI, THE acting minister for finance and economy, was born in 1944 in Kirkuk. He has completed 12 accounting courses in Iraq and outside the country, and worked in the field of finance for four decades, including seven years at the finance ministry. Talabani has been active in the Kurdish movement since his teens. He was injured in the fighting against the Baathist regime in the Kurdish Ailul (September) Revolution of the 1960s and 1970s, and faced imprisonment and exile. Talabani joined the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan in the mid-1970s and remains a key member of the party. What are the challenges facing the finance ministry? There are many challenges facing us as we continue to rebuild Kurdistan and Iraq as a whole. We need to build the physical infrastructure, but also to strengthen the economic infrastructure to enable the private sector to flourish and our society to heal itself through peace and prosperity. The Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG) should receive 17 percent of Iraq’s budget. Does it? One of our challenges is ensuring that the 17 percent allocated to Kurdistan from the federal budget is received by the KRG. Although this figure is part of a political agreement, in practice there are disagreements with Baghdad on the starting point for how the 17 percent is calculated. The Federal Government argues it should be calculated after Iraq-wide spending, such as for defence or for the Hajj pilgrimage, is deducted. Our view is the 17 percent should come out of the overall budget. We are in dialogue with Baghdad on this and we continue to discuss and negotiate – this is the new Iraq. Compared with the days before the liberation, the financial situation

in Kurdistan is much better. The budget, the growing economy, and the investment interest from abroad are all things we didn’t have before. You said the finance ministry needs to encourage the private sector to grow. Previously, you’ve also mentioned banking and insurance Yes, we need the private sector not just to work, but to flourish in Kurdistan. The Government can’t provide every job and every salary. As the private sector grows in scope and strength, it can provide sustainable jobs and help the economy to grow. There are many Government and private banks in Kurdistan and other parts of Iraq, but some of them do little more than transfer Government salaries and pensions. Some of the private banks have links with international institutions, but some of these tend to have a small capital base. One of the advantages of the current situation in the banking sector is that Iraq has been largely insulated from the banking crisis around the world. There is interest from international banks, for example, HSBC’s Dares-Salaam Bank has a branch in Erbil and plans to open in Dohuk this year. We look to international investors to see the opportunities in Kurdistan. How are you making Government less bureaucratic and more transparent? One of the successes at the finance ministry is that we have tried to cut bureaucracy and reduce spending. We welcome the increased scrutiny from the Kurdistan Parliament of the KRG’s budget. The KRG’s spending plans are discussed in Parliament, and they are scrutinised again, retrospectively, to ensure the money was spent correctly. These are entirely positive developments.

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RUNNINGHEAD NATURAL RESOURCES

GZkZcjZ H]Vg^c\

NATURAL RESOURCES

From an address by Dr. Ashti Hawrami, KRG Minister for Natural Resources, to a conference on the United Nations Assistance Mission in Iraq with Iraqi parliamentarians, April 2009

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NATURAL RESOURCES

=nYgdXVgWdc GZhdjgXZ BVcV\ZbZci ^c V ;ZYZgVa HnhiZb Professor Brendan O’Leary interviews Dr. Ashti Hawrami, KRG Minister for Natural Resources

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NATURAL RESOURCES

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We searched the world. We committed to Kurdistan. WesternZagros Resources believes the Kurdistan region of Iraq offers significant long-term potential for oil and gas. Reﬂecting the wishes of its people, the Kurdistan Regional Government is nurturing a safe and sustainable environment for today’s exploration and tomorrow’s production. WesternZagros Resources is proudly committed as a long-term partner in achieving the full potential of the resources, the economy and the people of this region.

www.westernzagros.com

NATURAL RESOURCES dâÒZaY! VcY i]^h! d[ XdjghZ! ^h id i]Z WZcZÒi d[ i]Z HiViZ! Vh î gZXZ^kZh bdhi d[ i]Z ^cXgZVhZY gZkZcjZh VcY egdÒih [gdb i]Z egd_ZXi# >c djg EH8h i]Z XdcigVXidg \Zih cZi egdÒi h]VgZ gVc\^c\ [gdb c^cZ id &' eZgXZci! YZeZcY^c\ dc i]Z ZmeadgVi^dc g^h`h d[ i]Z egd_ZXi# >cYZeZcYZci ^ciZgcVi^dcVa ZmeZgih ]VkZ XdbeVgZY djg EH8 bdYZa lî] hZgk^XZ XdcigVXih! VcY XdcXajYZY i]Vi djg XdcigVXih lâa egdk^YZ hjeZg^dg gZijgch [dg >gVf Ä VcY i]ZgZ[dgZ! VgZ [jaan Xdbea^Vci lî] i]Z 8dchiîji^dc! l]^X] YZbVcYh bVg`Zi"Yg^kZc eda^X^Zh id bVm^bôZ gZkZcjZh [dg i]Z >gVf^ eZdeaZ# Jc[dgijcViZan! >gVf aVX`h i]Z ZmeZgi^hZ VcY i]Z kVhi aZkZa d[ [jcY^c\ gZfj^gZY id ^cXgZVhZ dâ egdYjXi^dc aZkZah VcY id bVm^bôZ gZijgch ^c V i^bZan bVccZg# I]Z ;ZYZgVa Dâ B^c^hign! XjggZcian iVh`ZY id bVcV\Z i]ZhZ ÒZaYh! YdZh cdi ]VkZ VYZfjViZ gZhdjgXZh dg bVcV\ZbZci h`âah id Yd i]Z _dW# =ZcXZ i]Z cZZY id Wg^c\ ^c i]Z eg^kViZ hZXidg# I]Z 7V\]YVY B^c^hign d[ DâÉh eda^X^Zh ]VkZ! dkZg i]Z nZVgh! WZZc YVbV\^c\ id djg egZX^djh W^\ ÒZaYh! a^`Z i]Z GjbVâV! VcY @^g`j`# 9jg^c\ '%%)"'%%+! > hijY^ZY i]ZhZ ild ÒZaYh WZ[dgZ bn Veed^cibZci Vh V @jgY^hiVc GZ\^dcVa <dkZgcbZci @G< b^c^hiZg# > lVh i]Zc hiâa gjcc^c\ bn J#@#"WVhZY heZX^Va^hi Xdchjai^c\ dg\VcôVi^dc# I]ZhZ ild ÒZaYh VgZ YVbV\ZY WZndcY WZa^Z[! VcY! gZbVg`VWan! cd VXi^dc ]Vh WZZc iV`Zc id ^begdkZ dc eddg egVXi^XZh d[ i]Z eVhi# I]Z YZiZg^dgVi^dc ^h hiâa Xdci^cj^c\# >c Vcdi]Zg ild dg i]gZZ nZVgh! i]Z YVbV\Z lâa WZ eZgbVcZci! VcY bdhi d[ i]Z igVeeZY gZhZgkZh lâa WZ ^ggZXdkZgVWaZ# I]Z @G<Éh bdYZa XdcigVXi cVbZ ÆEH8Ç ]Vh XVjhZY egdWaZbh [dg hdbZ eZdeaZ# I]Zn lgdc\an VhhdX^ViZ bdYZgc EH8h lî] i]Z WVY XdcXZhh^dc V\gZZbZcih d[ i]Z &.(%h VcY &.)%h/ EH8h Yd cdi bZVc i]Z igVch[Zg d[ [jaa dlcZgh]ê g^\]ih id XdcigVXidgh! VcY >gVf lâa cdi WZ adh^c\ hdkZgZ^\cin dg Xdcigda dkZg Vcn d[ îh gZhdjgXZh# I]Vi ^h l]n > \ZcZgVaan egZ[Zg id jhZ i]Z iZgb Æg^h`"gZlVgY XdcigVXi#Ç L]Zc > ZmeaV^cZY i]Vi egdYjXi^dc h]Vg^c\ gZVaan bZVch i]Vi i]Z XdcigVXidgh iV`Z Vaa i]Z g^h`h VcY >gVf iV`Zh VgdjcY .% eZgXZci d[ i]Z egdÒih! î higdc\an ]Zaeh ejWa^X jcYZghiVcY^c\# Djg EVga^VbZci lVciZY Vc dâ VcY \Vh aVl i]Vi ldjaY WZ hjXXZhh[ja VcY ldjaY egdk^YZ bVm^bjb WZcZÒi id i]Z eZdeaZ Ä i]ViÉh l]n i]Zn hjeedgiZY djg EH8 bdYZa# > Vb hjgZ i]Vi i]Z [ZYZgVa bZbWZgh d[ i]Z >gVf^ EVga^VbZci ldjaY Vahd hjeedgi h^bâVg XdcigVXijVa bdYZah egdk^YZY i]Vi i]Zn lZgZ d[[ZgZY i]Z X]VcXZ id ]ZVg [jaa ZmeaVcVi^dch d[ i]Z bZgîh d[ hjX] ^ciZgcVi^dcVaan ig^ZY"VcY"iZhiZY bdYZa XdcigVXih# =dl Yd ndj [dgZhZZ i]Z gZhdaji^dc d[ i]Z XjggZci dâ VcY \Vh Y^hejiZh lî] i]Z ;ZYZgVa <dkZgcbZci ^c 7V\]YVY4 I]ZhZ Y^hejiZh VgZ cdi _jhi VWdji dâ VcY \Vh# I]Zn XdcXZgc i]Z [VâjgZ! id YViZ! Wn i]Z ;ZYZgVa <dkZgcbZci id ^beaZbZci i]Z ;ZYZgVa k^h^dc d[ >gVf! Vh aV^Y Ydlc ^c i]Z 8dchiîji^dc! ^cXajY^c\ gZkZcjZ h]Vg^c\# 6gi^XaZ &&' ^h kZgn XaZVg dc i]^h ^bedgiVci ^hhjZ/ Vaa i]Z >gVf^ eZdeaZ VgZ ZciîaZY id Vc ZfjVa h]VgZ d[ i]Z dâ VcY \Vh lZVai] d[ i]Z Xdjcign VcY i]^h h]Vg^c\ ^h gZfj^gZY id WZ gZ\jaViZY Wn aVl# 8jggZcian! ]dlZkZg! dâ gZkZcjZ ^h XdcigdaaZY XZcigVaan VcY VaadXViZY dcan VcY cdi Zci^gZan i]gdj\] V XZcigVaôZY WjY\ZiVgn bZX]Vc^hb! gVi]Zg i]Vc i]gdj\] Xdchiîji^dcVa

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Sarqala well

The Kurdistan Region

Talisman Energy is proud to invest in the future of this world class oil and gas region. We bring experience and expertise to our KRG operations: A reputation for openness and transparency Skills developed in global operations A commitment to benefit the people in the areas in which we operate

www.talisman-energy.com

NATURAL RESOURCES

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NATURAL RESOURCES

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KNOC in Kurdistan Since its foundation in 1979, Korea National Oil Corporation (KNOC), the state-owned petroleum company, has been exploiting oil and gas all over the world. KNOC currently operates 46 projects in 17 countries including the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. KNOC takes charge of ensuring the nation has a stable oil supply by exploring and developing oilďŹ elds, stockpiling petroleum reserves and distributing products. To achieve this KNOC has spent 30 years developing technical skills and experience.

In the regions where we operate, we are â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;opening up the futureâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;, both for our company and for economies and people. By taking on challenges, empowering our workforce, developing knowledge and targeting continuous improvement and development, KNOC brings beneďŹ ts to all. KNOC is now targeting a production goal of 300,000 bopd and a secure reserve size of over 2 billion barrels by the year 2012.

For more information, please contact: Korea National Oil Corporation s 'WANYANG DONG $ONGAN GU !NYANG SI 'YEONGGI DO 3 +OREA 4EL s &AX s % MAIL YIBONG KNOC CO KR

www.knoc.co.kr

KNOC in Kurdistan KNOC started its oil and petroleum operations in the Kurdistan Region in 2007. We started our exploitation operations in the Bazian Block, which is located in the southeastern part of the Kurdistan Region. Two additional operating blocks, Qush Tappa and Sangaw South, located near Erbil and Sulaimani, were signed up soon afterwards. Currently KNOC has three operating blocks and two non-operating blocks in this region.

+./# "LOCKS IN +URDISTAN Operating

Operating status of KNOC blocks

"LOCKS Bazian

Bazian Block - Carried out remote sensing study and geological field survey - Acquiring 2D seismic data and processing (350 L-km) - Currently the block is under evaluation for upcoming drilling in 2009 Sangaw South Block - Carried out remote sensing study and geological field survey - Preparing 2D Seismic Data Acquisition in April 2009 Qush Tappa Block - Carried out remote sensing study and geological field survey - Preparing 2D Seismic Data Acquisition in May 2009

Challenge, professionalism, respect and contribution are the core values of KNOC.

Participating Interest 50.4% !REA KM ) 473

Non-Operating

Sangaw Qush Sangaw South Tappa North Khabat 60% 354

80% 1,003

20% 492

15% 530

Hawler Area Dimir Zab Dagh 15% 441

15% 199

Hawler 15% 382

NATURAL RESOURCES

Bayan Sami Abdul Rahman follows the successful progress of Norwegian oil company DNO in Kurdistan

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NATURAL RESOURCES

I]Z 6ji]dgîn d[ i]Z @jgY^hiVc GZ\^dcVa <dkZgcbZci dkZg Dâ VcY <Vh jcYZg i]Z 8dchiîji^dc d[ >gVf Professor James Crawford, SC, FBA, LLD

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NATURAL RESOURCES

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NATURAL RESOURCES

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NATURAL RESOURCES

Iraq exhibiting oil ﬁelds, geological surface structures and structural anomalies

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NATURAL RESOURCES

Jonathan Morrow explains how new laws have been increasing oil and gas production

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RUNNINGHEAD NATURAL RESOURCES

Kurdistan is a key area for energy exploration and production investments, says Jeremy Asher, Director of Gulf Keystone Petroleum Limited

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NATURAL RESOURCES

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NATURAL RESOURCES

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NATURAL RESOURCES

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NATURAL RESOURCES

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NATURAL RESOURCES

Demonstration photovoltaic panels at a building trade fair, Erbil

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NATURAL RESOURCES

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NATURAL RESOURCES

The Kurdistan Regional Government is looking to tap into a wealth of mineral resources, says The Guardian’s Michael Howard

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INFRASTRUCTURE AND DEVELOPMENT

Kamaran Ahmed, Chairman of the Sulaimania International Airport, reports on the airport’s development progress

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INFRASTRUCTURE AND DEVELOPMENT

The Kurdistan Regional Government is developing information technology as a driving force for economic growth in Kurdistan. Botan Mahmoud Osman reports

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Above: Botan Mahmoud Osman (left) discusses the KRG’s e-Government and IT initiatives with Bill Gates, Chairman of Microsoft (right) Left: A computergenerated image of the new IT training center

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INFRASTRUCTURE AND DEVELOPMENT

With a young population and developing infrastructure, there is strong demand for new internet and mobile technology, says Hiwa Afandi, KRG Webmaster

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Delegates walk among the stands at the 4th International Erbil Trade Fair in Erbil

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INFRASTRUCTURE AND DEVELOPMENT

TELECOMS Abdullah Mutawi of UK-based law firm Trowers & Hamlins explains to Bayan Sami Abdul Rahman, KRG High Representative to the U.K., how his company advised the Asiacell consortium on its successful bid The Kurdistan Region’s two mobile phone operators, Korek Telecom and Asiacell, were established in 1999 and 2001 by entrepreneurs who dared to offer their fellow Kurds access to technology that was banned under Saddam Hussein. The offering was simple at the beginning, with Korek and Asiacell lacking roaming agreements and their technology only working in their respective coverage areas. By 2007, both companies had expanded their offering and made international associations that would enable them to win two out of the three licenses for all of Iraq. Please tell us about yourself and Trowers & Hamlins. Trowers & Hamlins is a City of London law firm with its international practice focused exclusively on the Middle East. We have more than 100 lawyers across a network of offices in the Region. I am a corporate partner based in Bahrain and I head the firm’s telecommunications, media and technology practice. I spend a lot of time on the road as my clients are based in various locations across the Middle East, Europe, North America and Asia. How did you get involved in Asiacell’s bid for the Iraqi mobile phone license auction in 2007? In 2007, I had been advising Qatar Telecom (Qtel) on a lot of its license acquisition and M&A work in the Middle East and elsewhere. We advised Qtel on its partnership with Asiacell in the lead-up to bidding for the Iraqi mobile phone license. Once the partnership was established, we began advising the consortium on its bid and advised it through the bid and auction process until it was awarded the license. What were the main challenges you faced? We did not face any particular challenges that we have not faced anywhere else when trying to put together a consortium of bidders for a telecoms license. The fact that the key consortium member – Asiacell – was physically based in Iraq did present one or two logistical challenges from time to time, but otherwise it was similar to many other deals we have worked on.

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How did this compare with your work in other countries? We frequently assist clients in assembling bidding consortia for telecom licenses and the consortium members are frequently based in different countries. One of the key advantages that we enjoyed was that Asiacell was already operating in Iraq and was, therefore, familiar with the commercial, legal and regulatory environment. Why was winning this bid signiﬁcant? Before the auction, Asiacell was already a very successful mobile operator in the Kurdistan Region. The three licenses auctioned and awarded in 2007 were nationwide licenses, and so from Asiacell’s perspective it meant being able to expand its geographical coverage from Kurdistan to the whole of Iraq, thereby providing a much larger group of customers to win. It also effectively introduced competition to the Iraqi telecoms market, signalling the beginning of a new period in which operators were compelled to focus much more closely on the customers’ needs. What other work have you done in the Kurdistan Region or elsewhere in Iraq? We have advised many clients on corporate and commercial matters in Iraq, including the Kurdistan Region, in sectors ranging from energy to industry and construction. We have good connections with local lawyers on the ground who are able to advise on the local laws and on dealing with local authorities. How do you see the future of telecoms in the Kurdistan Region and Iraq as a whole? The Kurdistan Region and Iraq as a whole will continue to develop a modern telecommunications infrastructure and will witness strong growth in years to come. More and more people in Iraq are using telecommunications services and they now have a range of service providers to choose from. I have no doubt that these telecom operators will continue to invest in the country’s telecoms infrastructure as such investment is necessary to be able to provide new and improved services at increasingly competitive prices. For the telecom companies, this will be critical to retaining existing customers and winning new ones and, since there are so many potential customers to be won, this investment is inevitable. Additionally, fast and reliable internet access will be a key component of social and economic development in Iraq. As wireless technologies through which such services can be provided develop and proliferate, it is likely that Iraq will also witness a boom in ﬁxed-line services, as well.

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K O R E K T E L E C O M

Korek Telecom '0 & /#" '*'1#" ,*- +6 /#%'01#/#" '+ / . 1, ,-#/ 1# +" -/,3'"# 0#/3'!#0 '+ 2/"'01 + +" / . + ,3#* #/ ,/#( #)#!,* 4 0 4 /"#" + #5!)20'3# )'!#+0# $,/ $'3# 6# /0 1, ,-#/ 1# '+ 1&# 2/"'01 + /#%',+ &'0 4 0 $,)),4#" '+ 6 +,+ #5!)20'3# )'!#+0# 1, ,-#/ 1# '+ 1&# 2/"'01 + /#%',+ $,/ 1#+ $2/1&#/ 6# /0 &/,2%&,21 1&'0 -#/'," ,/#( #)#!,* & 0 ##+ ,$$#/'+% "3 +!#" 3,'!# +" " 1 *, ')# 1#)#!,*m2+'! 1',+ 0#/3'!#0 '+ 1&# 21,+,*,20 2/"'01 + /#%',+ ,$ / .

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(* + 2%201 ,/#( #)#!,* -2/!& 0#" ,+# ,$ 1&# 1&/## )'!#+0#0 1, ,-#/ 1# +" -/,3'"# 0#/3'!#0 '+ 1&# / .' 1#//'1,/'#0 $,/ 1&# +#51 6# /0 + '+3#01*#+1 ,$ '))',+ ,/#( #)#!,* '0 -/,2" 1, ++,2+!# '10 -) +0 +" * '1',+0 1, ,$$#/ "3 +!#" 1#)#!,**2+'! 1',+ 0#/3'!#0 1, *'))',+ / .' 0 +" #6,+" For enquiries: info@korektel.com or visit www.korektel.com

www.korektel.com

INFRASTRUCTURE AND DEVELOPMENT

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INFRASTRUCTURE AND DEVELOPMENT

Dr. Anwar A. Abdullah outlines the opportunities for the “re-greening” of Kurdistan

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infrastructure and development

Vian Rahman interviews Stewart Vickers, Technical Director of Scott Wilson, about the Erbil International Airport construction

No Longer Just Up in the Air: The Capitalâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s New Airport With one of the largest runways in the world, Erbil International Airport is one of the most ambitious and forward-looking projects in the Kurdistan Region. For the land-locked Region, the airport is vital for increasing investment, trade and tourism. The new airport is scheduled to open in 2009 and to replace the existing smaller one in Erbil, Kurdistanâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s capital. Stewart Vickers is the Technical Director for Scott Wilson, the U.K.-based international consultancy that designed the airport for the Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG) and the contractor, a joint venture between Makyol and Cengiz. He has been working in Erbil since the project started in the spring of 2004. Vian Rahman interviewed him about the new airport and his experience of working in the Kurdistan Region. Why did the KRG decide that Erbil needed a new airport? British companies have been involved with international infrastructure projects for many years now and Scott Wilson used to have a large permanent office in Iraq. When the political situation deteriorated, a reluctant decision was taken to move staff to other regional projects, although it was always expected that things would return to the way that they were, as and when the political situation returned to normality. In Spring 2004, Scott Wilson was invited to carry out a concept design for a new airport in Erbil. Various meetings took place to establish the parameters of such a far-sighted development which, when operational, would open Kurdistan to much-needed

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investment. This then led on to a preliminary design and then a fully detailed design, which was finalized in the summer of 2005, so enabling construction work to commence. How much has been invested in the project? A great deal of time and effort has been invested in the project. From a logistical point of view, much of the construction materials and systems have had to be imported from around the world, but in particular, Turkey. From a financial point of view the cost of construction when the airport opens will be in excess of $400 million. What was the design brief? The aviation sector in Kurdistan back in 2004 was, to say the least, very limited and though the KRG knew what it wanted in terms of facilities, the initial task was to explain what this meant in reality and to look at the types of options available. The brief included: state-of-the-art design; international and domestic travel; suitability to handle a range of aircraft up to and including Boeing 747 and the latest long-range wide-bodied aircraft; and a facility of which the Kurdish people could be rightly proud. Since the construction works commenced almost four years ago, there have inevitably been some additions and changes, including increasing the size of the main terminal and the range of aircraft that can be handled, but the overriding principles have remained exactly the same.

infrastructure and development One interesting feature of the new airport is the iconic flame tower that has been located at the main entrance to the site, and is readily visible from many parts of the city. The aim is to reflect Kurdistan’s vision of the future and the rebirth of a nation. What is the concept behind the airport’s design? It was to produce a modern, state-of-the-art facility that will soon become the regional airport of choice for passenger and freight services in and out of the Kurdistan Region, and indeed the wider Region. It also needed to incorporate suitable features to enable local people to be trained to operate and maintain the facilities in the years ahead. It needed to be large enough to cope with the anticipated traffic, and at the same time, be readily expandable as demand grew. It also needed to be planned so there is scope to construct longer-term developments, such as hotels and international conference facilities. The airport construction is now substantially complete, and based on the reactions of KRG officials, the overall objectives have been achieved in full. Scott Wilson was always mindful that over the next years, millions of visitors will gain their first impression of the Kurdistan Region by arriving at the new airport, so the welcoming design was always an important factor of the project. What about the gates, runway capacity and airport facilities? The new airport has been designed to incorporate all of the features that both domestic and international travellers would expect. There are the normal retail areas, food halls and duty free facilities, and many lounges to accommodate both standard and commercially important passengers (CIPs). Six airbridges have been installed for easy access to and from the aircraft, and in total the airport can accommodate 12 aircraft at any one time. Freight services will be a very important aspect of the airport operation, and both covered and open facilities have been constructed. These facilities included temperature-controlled and bonded

warehousing areas, allowing the vast majority of goods to use Erbil International Airport. A total of five largecapacity cargo aircraft can be accommodated at any one time. A separate VIP building has also been constructed for senior Government officials, core diplomatic personnel and VVIPs. The concrete runway, at 4,800m long by 75m wide, has been designed to accommodate the largest aircraft in the world, with more than sufficient room for expansion in the years ahead. Many countries would wish to have such technically advanced facilities and a long-range capacity runway. Apart from the design, in what other areas of the project is Scott Wilson involved? Airports by their very nature are extremely complex facilities and we have also provided full support and site liaison services from both U.K. and Kurdistan Regionbased personnel. Over the past few months, Scott Wilson has been working closely with the KRG to get the airport licensed to very demanding world-class standards, and ready for operation. These types of facilities need to satisfy both national and international regulations. This role is ongoing and it is likely that this support will continue to enable local Kurdish personnel to ultimately take over full control. What about the other companies and partners in the project? Two Turkish companies based in Istanbul, Makyol and Cengiz, have undertaken the construction of the airport. This joint venture has achieved a great deal in extremely difficult working conditions and the quality of the finished product should be applauded. What have been the biggest challenges and the most satisfying elements of the project? The temperature in the Kurdistan Region can reach as high as 50ºC (120ºF) in the summer, and this has meant challenging working conditions on many of the outdoor tasks. There are very few manufacturing facilities in Kurdistan and as a result, the vast majority of materials

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infrastructure and development and equipment have had to be imported, in particular from Turkey. Every kilogramme of cement and steel, for example, has had to be brought in by road with each vehicle working on a seven-day turn-round basis. From a logistical point of view this has been a major achievement and all concerned should be congratulated on a job well done. All construction numbers have been very big; for example, in excess of 12 million cubic meters of excavation has been necessary to construct the new airport. Now that the new airport is near to commissioning, we are starting to receive comments from aviation experts that this new facility is able to be favorably compared with many world-class airports. This is an achievement of which everyone involved can be very proud.

When the existing airport was commissioned back in 2005, access to the country became so much easier, and it is now wonderful to see a mix of people traveling to Erbil. These include local and overseas business people, as well as families with children who, in many cases, wanted to meet with families and friends after a gap of many years. I have traveled to Erbil more than 25 times now in the last five years. Erbil is very welcoming, the locals are very friendly and keen to support the increasing numbers of international companies in Kurdistan and, of course, to improve their English language skills. Most goods are significantly cheaper than the U.K., and the food is wonderful; it is clear that the Kurdistan Region can and will become an attractive place, both to visit and to do business.

How easy or difficult is it for foreign companies to work in the Kurdistan Region? What are the challenges? Most people associate the Kurdistan Region with Iraq, and the mistaken perception is that the Region as a whole is a less than desirable place to work and travel to. All Scott Wilson employees without exception have enjoyed their time in Kurdistan; they take the view that the project is very technically challenging, yet rewarding. There are many countries where security is an important factor in business, but the important thing is to make sure that adequate precautions are taken to minimize or even eliminate the risks. Five years ago, conditions could have been described as difficult, but increasingly and with the opening of new roads and airports, travel has become much easier and Kurdistan has become a very attractive place to work. Regular visitors can see for themselves that there are many business opportunities in a wide range of fields. The city of Erbil is bustling with tower cranes and new construction, and it is great to see everyone busily going about their daily business. Scott Wilson has always employed local people who have worked very well as part of a successful team. To my mind, this is the formula for success and it also gives something back to the local community.

What about daily life when you’re in Kurdistan? What do you do in your spare time there? What is life like for expatriates? As an international businessman, unfortunately there is very little spare time. The pleasure of travelling to any new country is to see different cultures and meet new people. The highlight of any trip to Erbil is a trip to the “souk” or market where the variety of goods on offer is mind-boggling. I suspect it is possible to buy almost anything if you know where to look. I have many colleagues who travel to and work in Erbil and life can be very good, particularly in the summer, when the sun always shines.

What plans have been made for the staffing of the airport? The airport, when opened, will be one of the larger employers in the Region, and a 24/7 operation. It is important that as many local people as possible are recruited and trained to fill what could be as many as 800 long-term jobs. Many staff will be transferred from the existing airport, which will soon close, and the recruitment process for the additional staff has already begun. Though there are clearly going to be some specialist roles, many of the new positions will be available to local people who have the basis skills to work in what is a global and growing industry. You have been visiting the Kurdistan Region since June 2004. What are your impressions of working and living there? Back in 2004 the only viable way to get to Erbil was by road from southern Turkey, and it goes without saying that this was not the most satisfactory or comfortable way to travel. 126

What advice would you give to foreign companies wanting to do business in Kurdistan? My advice is simply not to spend too much time thinking about it; just come on an inexpensive visit to Erbil to see for yourself what is happening, and the sorts of opportunities that exist. For foreign companies coming for the first time, a local partner can make life so much easier. Many things are done differently, and a local partnership with local people can keep the learning curve to the absolute minimum. There are a number of local organizations, such as the local Chambers of Commerce who, from my own experience, are keen to be associated with foreign companies. Kurdistan for me is a great place to live, work and invest in. Therefore I have no hesitation in traveling here on business. The people are friendly and the opportunities for business are excellent, provided that it is undertaken in a considered and controlled manner As Technical Director of a U.K.-based plc, I find the support from the KRG, both in Erbil and London, to be excellent, and they are very supportive of any initiatives that can bring prosperity to the Region.  Scott Wilson Group plc is a multi-disciplinary international design and engineering consultancy for the built and natural environments. With more than 6,000 members of staff, the Group offers integrated professional services in the transportation, property, environment and natural resources sectors. The Group, from its U.K. headquarters, currently controls a worldwide network of 80 offices, of which 40 are in the U.K. The main international centers are located in Australia, Canada, China, Eastern Europe, Hong Kong, India, the Middle East and South East Asia.

INFRASTRUCTURE AND DEVELOPMENT

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Erbil’s New City shopping mall

INFRASTRUCTURE AND DEVELOPMENT

=ZVai]n Dei^dch Healthcare in the Kurdistan Region is improving but the sector still faces a number of challenges, says Michael Howard

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INFRASTRUCTURE AND DEVELOPMENT

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The Medya Diagnostic Centre offers pathology, laboratory and radiology services

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INFRASTRUCTURE AND DEVELOPMENT

Professor Brendan O’Leary interviews Dr. Mohammed Sadiq, President of Salahaddin University, Erbil City

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INFRASTRUCTURE AND DEVELOPMENT

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KURDISH POLITICAL STUDIES AT THE UNIVERSITY OF CENTRAL FLORIDA By John C. Bersia and Roger Handberg The University of Central Florida’s (UCF’s) focus on Kurdish studies dates to 2004, when Lt. Gen. (Ret.) Jay Garner joined the advisory board of the Global Perspectives Office. He has facilitated visits by various speakers, including Dr. Najmaldin Karim of the Washington Kurdish Institute and Qubad Talabani. Later, an Endowed Chair in Kurdish Political Studies – the first in the United States – was established by Dr. Karim, and the Kurdish Political Studies Initiative was created (www.ucfglobalperspectives.org/ kurdish_studies/index.php). The Initiative strives to develop knowledge and understanding about the Kurds and Kurdistan. It is a cooperative undertaking of the Global Perspectives Office and the Department of Political Science (where the Endowed Chair is housed), as well as the Global Connections Foundation, a non-profit educational partnership. Formally launched in 2008, the Initiative sponsors or cosponsors public discussions involving high-profile speakers and conferences; supports scholarship and research; and works with partners regionally, nationally and internationally. Although interdisciplinary in nature, the program’s primary emphasis is on politics. The Initiative’s advisory board includes John C. Bersia, Special Assistant to the President for Global Perspectives; Gen. Garner, formerly the Director of the

Ofﬁce of Reconstruction and Humanitarian Assistance for Post-War Iraq; Roger Handberg, Chairman of the Political Science Department; Dr. Karim, a Partner at Drs. Falik and Karim, P.A., and the President of the Washington Kurdish Institute; Jack McGuire, Associate Dean of the College of Sciences; Brendan O’Leary, Lauder Professor of Political Science and Director of the Penn Program in Ethnic Conﬂict at the University of Pennsylvania; Sibille Pritchard, President of the Global Connections Foundation; Joe R. Reeder, a Shareholder at Greenberg Traurig, Washington, D.C.; Qubad Talabani, Representative of the Kurdistan Regional Government, Washington D.C.; and Ambassador Howar Ziad at the Embassy of Iraq, Ottawa, Canada. Under the auspices of the Initiative, UCF has offered numerous public, co-curricular activities, including a series featuring Michael Gunter of Tennessee Tech University, Brendan O’Leary; and Jonathan Morrow of Hills Stern & Morley, Washington D.C., and the principal legal advisor to the Kurdistan Regional Government’s Ministry of Natural Resources.

John C. Bersia and Roger Handberg are the interim Co-Directors of The Kurdish Political Studies Initiative at UCF.

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INFRASTRUCTURE AND DEVELOPMENT

THE AMERICAN UNIVERSITY OF IRAQ - SULAIMANIA The American University of Iraq – Sulaimania (AUI-S) is a private, independent, non-profit institution of higher education. AUI-S is dedicated to the pursuit of knowledge based on the liberal arts model of education. Its core mission is the promotion of critical thinking, freedom of thought and expression, leadership, civic responsibility, and tolerance of diversity. It is a co-educational institution that is open to all qualified students without regards to race, religion, economic status, or political affiliation. English is the language of instruction. The AUI-S project was initiated in 2004 by the AUI-S Board of Regents and Trustees with a campus development plan targeting a student population of 5,000 by the year 2021. The University opened its first classes in October 2007 with 35 students and now has more than 300. The University possesses a 175hectare plot of land that will house both the academic campus as well as incomegenerating commercial development. The campus is strategically located adjacent to the Sulaimania International Airport on the rapidly urbanizing western outskirts of the city. With its tolerant and welcoming environment, security and

growing economy, Sulaimania provides the ideal location for the American University. AUI-S is committed to providing a ﬁrst class, American-style education that focuses on the development of English language and critical thinking skills, as well as a solid liberal arts foundation for each of its career-oriented baccalaureate majors and minors, and postgraduate degrees. The programs currently offered include a BBA in management and policy studies, a BS in information technology, a BA in international studies and an MBA.

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In addition, the Continuing Education Division offers non-degree courses to government, private sector, and community clientele. In the near future, AUI-S will offer further academic programs, including degrees in water resource engineering and environmental science through the Twin Rivers Institute for Scientiﬁc Research. All of these programs have been designed to play an important role in meeting the needs of Iraq for development and to provide a model for higher education throughout the country.

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THE INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL OF CHOUEIFAT, ERBIL

The International School of Choueifat (ISC) is east of Erbil. It follows the great tradition of Choueifat schools throughout the Middle East. The school is ﬁnancially independent, and is a member of the rigorous educational system operated by the Sabis schools network in 15 countries. Every year, graduates from Sabis schools gain entry to highly competitive universities around the world. The ISC provides an internationally oriented, college-preparatory curriculum for students of different nationalities and backgrounds, from the age of three through to 18, with a focus on the core subjects of English, math, sciences and languages. The idea of opening a Choueifat school in Erbil came from Abdul Aziz Taib, the Kurdistan Region’s Minister for Agriculture. It was strongly supported by Prime Minister Nechirvan Barzani. The

school opened in September 2006 and moved to its new permanent campus in August 2008. This purpose-built, state-of-the-art campus on the Erbil-Salahaddin Road can house up to 2,500 students, and includes an indoor swimming pool, athletics track, football pitch and basketball courts, in addition to a library and advanced music, art and academic facilities. The Kurdistan Regional Government is widening opportunities to study at the International School of Choueifat by giving scholarships to gifted students from low-income households. And as well as opening the school in Erbil, the ISC has partnered with the Ministry of Education in a private-public partnership for state schools. At the opening of the school’s new campus, Prime Minister Barzani

underlined the school’s importance. He said it “offers a world-class education… opens the door for other private educational institutions to enter the Kurdistan Region, [and] raises the performance level expected of both public and private schools.” Angie Chung, from Tacoma in Washington State, joined ISC-Erbil in 2008. She says: “Being an English, math, and music teacher for 26 kindergarteners, as well as a math teacher for 26 eight-year-olds, I returned home for the ﬁrst few weeks feeling as if I had run a marathon… At times, while teaching I feel I am holding back a tidal wave, because their enthusiasm can translate to rowdiness in the classroom. But then I remember how math teachers in the U.S. have the opposite problem – indifference – which is far worse. It is wonderful to feel so appreciated in this often underappreciated profession.”

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OLLOWING THE LIBERATION OF )RAQ IN THE +URDISTAN 2EGIONAL 'OVERNMENT DECIDED TO TRANSFORM %RBIL S FORMER MILITARY BASE INTO A MODERN CIVIL AIRPORT TO SERVE AS A MAJOR GATEWAY TO THE WORLD /N TH *ULY %RBIL )NTERNATIONAL !IRPORT %)! OFFICIALLY OPENED AND WELCOMED ITS lRST SCHEDULED )!4! CARRIER ON TH $ECEMBER 7ITH AIR TRANSPORTATION SO CRITICAL TO ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IT SOON BECAME CLEAR THAT A NEW AIRPORT OPERATING TO INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS WAS REQUIRED 4HE NEW %)! PROJECT IS NOW ENTERING THE lNAL STAGES OF CONSTRUCTION )T IS EXPECTED TO BE IN FULL OPERATION BY THE END OF 3WEDAVIA THE 3WEDISH #IVIL !VIATION !DMINISTRATION HAD A YEAR CONTRACT WITH THE +2' TO UPGRADE %)! TO FULL )#!/ STANDARD A CRITICAL ELEMENT IN ATTRACTING AIRLINES 2ECENTLY THE +2' HAS SIGNED A YEAR

CONTRACT WITH ))!# )NCHEON )NTERNATIONAL !IRPORT #ORPORATION OF 3OUTH +OREA FOR CONSULTATION MANAGEMENT AND THE OPERATION OF %RBIL )NTERNATIONAL !IRPORT 4HE NEW RUNWAY APRON AND INTERNATIONAL TERMINAL ARE NEARING COMPLETION AND FROM LATE ONWARDS WILL PROVIDE THE AIRPORT WITH s CAPACITY FOR AROUND MILLION PASSENGERS s CAPACITY FOR MILLION TONS OF CARGO ANNUALLY s /NE OF THE WORLD S LONGEST RUNWAYS KM SUITABLE FOR NEXT GENERATION AIRCRAFT SUCH AS THE !IRBUS ! AND THE "OEING $REAMLINER 4HE INTERNATIONAL TERMINAL BOASTS ALL THE FEATURES ONE WOULD EXPECT FROM A LARGE INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT IN A UNIQUE BUILD ING DESIGNED TO BLEND LOCAL AND GLOBAL STYLES ,OCATED JUST KM FROM %RBIL THE AIRPORT ADDS A NEW CONTROL TOWER A VAST

APRON AREA BOARD ING GATES AND A NEW lRE STATION AS WELL AS ,$#3 ENABLED CHECK IN COUNTERS 6)0 LOUNGES PARK ING FOR AND 4AHER (ORAMI SIGNIlCANTLY UPGRADED %)! 'ENERAL $IRECTOR TRANSPORT LINKS 4AHER (ORAMI %)! S 'ENERAL $IRECTOR SAYS h4HE LONG TERM MISSION OF THE AIRPORT IS TO SUPPORT THE FUTURE GROWTH OF )RAQI +URDISTAN BY PROVIDING HIGHLY COMPETITIVE AND ATTRACTIVE PRODUCTS AND SERVICES FOR THE AIR TRANSPORT SECTOR AS WELL AS BEING A PROlTABLE BUSINESS ENTITY CREATING VALUE FOR ITS OWNERS AND CUSTOMERS v

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HOW TO INVEST IN KURDISTAN

8dchiîji^dcVa 9ZkZadebZci ^c >gVf/ '%%)"'%%. Professor Karol Soltan tracks the progress of the constitution of Iraq DC: D; I=: bdhi b^haZVY^c\ bni]h VWdji Xdchiîji^dch ^h i]Vi i]Zn VgZ XgZViZY ^c dcZ \gZVi Xdchiîji^dc"bV`^c\ bdbZci# >i ldjaY WZ ]VgY id cVbZ Vcn Xdchiîji^dc i]Vi lVh XgZViZY dg Xdchda^YViZY ^c hjX] V lVn! ZmXZei eZg]Veh i]dhZ i]Vi ]VkZ WZZc XgZViZY dcan dc eVeZg# :kZc ^c i]Z XVhZ d[ i]Z J#H#! l]^X] ^h Vc ^bedgiVci hdjgXZ d[ i]^h bni]! i]Z 7âa d[ G^\]ih lVh VYYZY V [Zl nZVgh V[iZg i]Z E]âVYZae]^V 8dckZci^dc# HZg^djh Xdchiîji^dch ^ckdakZ hZg^djh edaî^XVa XdbbîbZcih Wn bjaiêaZ eVgi^Zh! VcY i]Zn ^ckdakZ ZhiVWa^h]^c\ XdbeaZm edaî^XVa VggVc\ZbZcih# I]Z XdbbîbZcih VgZ Y^[ÒXjai! d[iZc kZgn Y^[ÒXjai Ä Vh ^c >gVf0 VcY i]Z gZfj^gZY ^chiîji^dcVa XdbeaZmîn bV`Zh i]Zb dcan bdgZ hd# >c YZZean Y^k^YZY hdX^Zi^Zh! VcY hdX^Zi^Zh i]gZViZcZY Wn X^kâ lVg! Xdchiîji^dc"bV`^c\ ^h ZheZX^Vaan Y^[ÒXjai! VcY ^cXdgedgViZh [ZVijgZh d[ eZVXZ"bV`^c\ bdgZ k^h^Wan i]Vc ^c di]Zg hZii^c\h# 6aa Xdchiîji^dch VgZ! ^c eVgi! eZVXZ igZVi^Zh! Wji ^c hjX] hZii^c\h >gVf dWk^djhan ^cXajYZY i]ZhZ [ZVijgZh VgZ ZheZX^Vaan egdb^cZci# I]Z Òghi hiV\Z d[ i]Z bV`^c\ d[ i]Z 8dchiîji^dc d[ >gVf lVh i]Z VYdei^dc ^c '%%) d[ i]Z igVchî^dcVa VYb^c^higVi^kZ aVl! d[iZc gZ[ZggZY id Vh >gVfÉh ^ciZg^b Xdchiîji^dc# I]Z hZXdcY hiV\Z lVh i]Z VYdei^dc Wn V gZ[ZgZcYjb ^c '%%* d[ V egdeZg Xdchiîji^dc# HdbZ b^\]i ]VkZ i]dj\]i i]^h lVh >gVfÉh Xdchiîji^dc" bV`^c\ bdbZci# 7ji î lVh XaZVg i]Zc! VcY ZkZc bdgZ hd cdl! i]Vi i]Z \ZcZgVa igji] VWdji Xdchiîji^dc"bV`^c\ XZgiV^can Veea^Zh ^c >gVf# I]^h lVh _jhi V kZgn ^bedgiVci hiV\Z# I]Z _dW d[ Xdchiîji^dc"bV`^c\ lVh aZ[i jcÒc^h]ZY ^c ild h^\c^ÒXVci gZheZXih# ;^ghi! i]Z iZmi lVh cdi

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HOW TO INVEST IN KURDISTAN

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HOW TO INVEST IN KURDISTAN

David Michael Tafuri looks at the incentives available to investors under the progressive Kurdistan Region investment law

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HOW TO INVEST IN KURDISTAN

FEDERAL GOVERNMENT OF IRAQ INVESTMENT LAW

=ZVYa^cZ

Investors may only rent or lease project land for a maximum of 50 years.

KURDISTAN REGIONAL GOVERNMENT INVESTMENT LAW 100 percent ownership of project land allowed, though investor may not own land containing oil, gas or mineral resources.

Prohibits investment in oil and gas extraction/ Does not explicitly prohibit investment in these areas, production, as well as banks and insurance companies. but Supreme Council for Investments may allow >7= :CI EG6:HID dY bV\cV Va^fjVijb ^jgZ i^c\ Zci â investment in any sector it chooses other than those âaV Xdc Zhi^cX^c\ Zi jieVijZgVi ajbbn cdhigjY ZijZ explicitly listed in the law’s categories (e.g. hotels, transportation, services). i^h Zhh^hbdY b^cX^Yj^h^# L^hh^b Zci Vji egVi adgZ YdadgeZ gdhi^c kZa Full^cX^cXâaVb! XdchZc^b ^c ]Zc^Vb Yd dYêhjh repatriation of project investment and Full repatriation of project investment and profits allowed. Xâ^fj^hî! kjaejiZ kZg^jhi ^cX^Yj^h Zc^h ZgX^cX^ profits allowed. a^hbdYdadgZ i^hXâajeiVi ê^h ZmZgdh YdadgZ [VXâ^fjVijb oogî aVbZijb hVcYêî kdadgZZi VY^Vb! Project income tax exempt for ten years from date Project income tax exempt for ten years from date kZcY^\c^h Yjêhjh Xâ^fjVi kZa^fj^h^b kZa jaaV XdgZ production commences, or offer of services. If Iraqis production commences or offer of services; no XdchZY i^cX^ Zg VXêî Yî aVbZi adgZ b^c Zijb accounted for more than 50 percent of original project provision for extension of income tax exemption. YdajeiVi jiZ [VX^cXê Zc^h^# investment, project income tax exemption may be JY Ydadg Vaî! Xdg hZY iZb kdadgZ [Zj [Zj [VXXjbbn extended up to 15 years in total. cjaajbbdYd Yjêhjb oogâaVbZi kjaaVdgZ XdgZ b^cX^c\ ZmZgdhid Zjb YdaZci ajb ^jgZ bV\c^h^b Import of spare parts tax exempt up to 20 percent of Import of spare parts tax exempt up to 15 percent kZc^h cjb Zci l^hX^ WaV [VXêî VY^\cV Xdg hjhX^c ji project cost. of project cost. VjiZ YdadgZ Xdc ]ZcY^\cV VY Zaî jieViZ Zj [Zj^ Zi cjaajb kZa YZa^h^ WaV Xdc kZg Vi# >i adgZ b^c Zgd dYêî Hotels, hospitals, universities, schools, tourist Hotels, hospitals, universities, schools, tourist egVZhZ XdcjaejieVi ajeiViZb kZc^h YdaZhh^b Zi adgZ institutions granted tax-exempt import of linens, institutions granted tax-exempt import of linens, bV\c^b kZa^fj^ hbdYdadgZ kjaajb fj^h c^b oog^jhX carpets, furniture and other renovation items every carpets, furniture and other renovation items every fourâ^fj^h cjaaV [VX^ WaV VjiViZb Y^Vb! kZg hjbhVc years. three years. jaaV XdbbdY b^cî! kZa^h VjiZ YZa jieVi^cXê^h c^h Va^fj^h hZc^W] ZgVi! fjVi^dc jieViZ [Zj^h Zm ZV Xdbbn Employment of foreign workers allowed, provided Employment of foreign workers allowed, provided no cjaajeiVi# EVi^dchZY Zjb kdadgZb kjaeji aVdgZ [VXâî capable Iraqis available; foreign workers may no capable Iraqis available; foreign workers may adgZ Y^\c^h cdchZY Zm Zc^b kZc^W] Zhh^# repatriate earnings. repatriate earnings. Vehicles, equipment, instruments, etc., tax exemption from duties, taxes and import licenses, provided they are imported within three years of investment license approval.

Vehicles, equipment, instruments, etc., tax exemption from duties, taxes and import licenses, provided they are imported within two years of approval granted by Investment Commission Chairman.

Foreign investor and capital treated on equal footing with national investor and capital.

Law silent as to provision of basic services to project area.

KRG will provide services (water, electric, sewage, public road, telecommunications, etc. ) to the boundary of the project.

Law silent as to import of raw materials for production.

Import of raw materials for production tax exempt for customs duties for ﬁve years.

Law silent as to additional incentives for project investment in less developed areas or joint projects between Iraqis and foreigners.

Additional incentives for projects in less developed areas and joint projects between Kurds and foreigners.

Foreign and/or domestic insurance of project allowed.

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HOW TO INVEST IN KURDISTAN

Deedgijcî^Zh Stephen F. DeAngelis, President and CEO, Enterra Solutions sees opportunities in Kurdistan as an emerging market 6 A>IIA: DK:G ild nZVgh V\d! > lVh ]VgY Vi ldg` ^c i]Z JcîZY HiViZh higZc\i]Zc^c\ i]Z Wjh^cZhh edhî^dc d[ bn XdbeVcn! :ciZggV Hdaji^dch# I]Z aVhi eaVXZ dc :Vgi] > i]dj\]i > ldjaY WZ Yd^c\ [jijgZ Wjh^cZhh lVh ^c >gVf# > lVh [dXjhZY dc ]Zae^c\ dg\VcôVi^dch ^begdkZ i]Z Z[[ZXi^kZcZhh VcY Z[ÒX^ZcXn d[ i]Z^g deZgVi^dch! i]gdj\] i]Z jiâôVi^dc d[ VjidbViZY Wjh^cZhh egdXZhhZh# >i lVh [dg i]Vi gZVhdc i]Vi > hZi je Vc Veed^cibZci lî] i]Z J#H# 9ZeVgibZci d[ 9Z[ZchZÉh 7jh^cZhh IgVch[dgbVi^dc 6\ZcXn 7I6 # Bn ^c[dgbVi^dcVa eîX] ]VY ]VgYan WZ\jc l]Zc > lVh hideeZY Wn i]Z 9Zejin JcYZghZXgZiVgn d[ 9Z[ZchZ! EVja 7g^càZn# =Z idaY bZ i]Vi ]Z lVciZY bZ id VXXdbeVcn ]^b dc V igê id >gVf id aZVgc bdgZ VWdji i]Z 7I6Éh iVh` [dgXZ id ^begdkZ Wjh^cZhh VcY hiVWâîn deZgVi^dch ^c >gVf# HZkZgVa lZZ`h aViZg! > [djcY bnhZa[ WZ^c\ Ódlc VgdjcY ^c V 7aVX`]Vl` ]Za^XdeiZg lî] di]Zg Wjh^cZhhbZc aZVgc^c\ VWdji Wjh^cZhh deedgijcî^Zh ^c i]Z @jgY^hiVc GZ\^dc d[ >gVf# I]Vi igê deZcZY bn ZnZh id i]Z edhh^Wâî^Zh i]Vi Zm^hi ^c ZbZg\^c\ bVg`Zih i]Vi > ]VYcÉi WZ[dgZ Xdch^YZgZY# Ild nZVgh V\d > lVh jeWZVi VWdji ^ckZhibZci deedgijcî^Zh ^c ZbZg\^c\ bVg`Zih# BjX] ]Vh X]Vc\ZY WZilZZc i]Zc VcY cdl# Bdhi h^\c^ÒXVcian! d[ XdjghZ! i]Z ldgaY ]Vh eajc\ZY ^cid V hZkZgZ gZXZhh^dc# 9ZheîZ i]Vi ijgc d[ ZkZcih! > gZbV^c dei^b^hi^X VWdji V cjbWZg d[ ZbZg\^c\ bVg`Zih# BVcn lâa Xdci^cjZ id \gdl! ZkZc Yjg^c\ i]Z XjggZci \adWVa Ydlcijgc# HdbZ VgZ lZaa"eaVXZY id lZVi]Zg i]Z hidgb# >c [VXi! bVcn VcVanhih WZa^ZkZ i]Vi V \adWVa ZXdcdb^X gZXdkZgn YZeZcYh dc higZc\i]Zc^c\ ZbZg\^c\ bVg`Zih! WZXVjhZ i]Zn ]daY i]Z \gZViZhi ediZci^Va [dg \gdli]# 7gnVc 8daa^c\h! ;jcY BVcV\Zg d[ =ZmVb <adWVa :bZg\^c\ BVg`Zih! ]Vh ed^ciZY dji i]Vi ZbZg\^c\ bVg`ZihÉ [jcYh ]VkZ djieZg[dgbZY LVggZc 7j[[Zii dkZg i]Z aVhi iZc nZVgh#

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Before you export, speak to the expert.

www.uktradeinvest.gov.uk

CULTURE AND SOCIETY

Idjg^hih H^oZ Je HdbZi]^c\ CZl

Traveling to and around the Kurdistan Region has never been easier, says Michael Howard

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CULTURE AND SOCIETY

Erbil’s citadel is built on layers of archaeological ruins representing consecutive historical settlements, since the building of the ﬁrst village in that location around the 6th millennium B.C.

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CULTURE AND SOCIETY

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CULTURE AND SOCIETY

Michelle Grajek reports on how the Kurdistan Regional Government is supporting women across Iraq

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CULTURE AND SOCIETY

Taha Barwary, Minister of Sports and Youth, explains the valuable role of the MOSY

Hedgi^c\ I^Zh

Erbil club players hold the trophy of the Iraqi Football Championship, as a man wearing the Kurdish ﬂag celebrates the team’s homecoming in August 2008

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CULTURE AND SOCIETY

GZa^\^djh 9^kZgh^in Kurdistan is open to religious diversity. Professor Hamit Bozarslan,Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales, Paris, reports A Yezidi sect devotee kisses a monument in the yard of the main Lalish temple at the town of Sheikh Hadi, near Dohuk in northern Iraq

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CULTURE AND SOCIETY

Kurdistan is believed to be one of the most tolerant and culturally harmonious places in the Middle East. Liam Anderson reports

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CULTURE AND SOCIETY

9ZkZade^c\ BZY^V Bayan Sami Abdul Rahman, KRG High Representative to the U.K. and former journalist at the Financial Times looks at the steps being taken towards a thriving media in Kurdistan I=>H N:6G! @=:76I cZlheVeZg bVg`h *% nZVgh d[ X]Vgi^c\ i]Z @jgY^h] higj\\aZ ^c >gVf! l]âZ I]Z Kd^XZ d[ @jgY^hiVc EZdeaZ XZaZWgViZh (% nZVgh d[ gVY^d WgdVYXVhi^c\# I]ZhZ VcY V ]VcY[ja d[ di]Zgh lZgZ Vi dcZ i^bZ Vbdc\ i]Z [Zl! d[iZc jcYZg\gdjcY! @jgY^h] djiaZih d[ cZlh VWdji a^[Z VcY edaî^XVa YZkZadebZcih ^c @jgY^hiVc# I]Vi hiVgiZY id X]Vc\Z Vh i]Z bZY^V WZ\Vc id Ódjg^h] V[iZg &..&! l]Zc i]Z @jgY^h] jeg^h^c\ lVh [daadlZY Wn i]Z ZhiVWa^h]bZci d[ V cd"Ón"odcZ! VcY i]Zc i]Z ZbZg\ZcXZ d[ Vc Vjidcdbdjh @jgY^hiVc dji d[ i]Z \gVhe d[ HVYYVb =jhhZ^cÉh gZegZhh^kZ gZ\^bZ# L]âZ @]ZWVi! i]Z d[ÒX^Va cZlheVeZg d[ i]Z @jgY^hiVc 9ZbdXgVi^X EVgin! VcY @jgY^hiVc^ ClZ! i]Z EVig^di^X Jc^dc d[ @jgY^hiVcÉh YVân! aVjcX]ZY ^c &..&! Xdci^cjZY id WZ i]Z bV^c hdjgXZh d[ cZlh! i]Z b^Y"&..%h hVl i]Z W^gi] d[ YdoZch d[ cZlheVeZgh! bV\Vo^cZh! VXVYZb^X VcY igVYZ _djgcVah VcY gVY^d hiVi^dch# I]ZhZ lZgZ hddc _d^cZY Wn @jgY^h] iZaZk^h^dc hiVi^dch! l]^X] VgZ cdl i]Z bV^c hdjgXZ d[ cZlh! l]âZ i]Z ^ciZgcZi bZVci i]Vi i]Z @jgY^h] Y^VhedgV VcY i]Z @jgY^hiVc GZ\^dcVa <dkZgcbZci @G< XdjaY jhZ i]Z lZW id gZedgi cZlh VcY XdbbZci# 6abdhi Vaa d[ i]ZhZ _djgcVah VcY WgdVYXVhi dg\Vc^hVi^dch lZgZ ZhiVWa^h]ZY Wn i]Z edaî^XVa eVgi^Zh VcY! ^c bdgZ gZXZci nZVgh! Wn i]Z @G<# I]^h lVh eVgian WZXVjhZ d[ edaî^XVa XdbeZiî^dc! Wji î lVh Vahd bdi^kViZY Wn i]Z WZa^Z[ i]Vi V kVg^ZY VcY i]g^k^c\ bZY^V ^h i]Z XdgcZghidcZ d[ YZbdXgVXn# >c i]Z ]Vgh] ZXdcdb^X Xa^bViZ d[ i]Z &..%h! l]Zc @jgY^hiVc lVh ZcYjg^c\ V YdjWaZ WadX`VYZ! cd bZY^V djiaZi XdjaY hiVgi a^[Z lî]dji eVgin dg \dkZgcbZciVa ÒcVcX^Va WVX`^c\# ;Vhi"[dglVgY id i]Z @jgY^hiVc GZ\^dc V[iZg i]Z a^WZgVi^dc d[ >gVf# I]Z bZY^V ZciZgZY V cZl e]VhZ Vh îh egVXiî^dcZgh \V^cZY XdcÒYZcXZ VcY XVbZ ^c XdciVXi lî] i]Z bZY^V [gdb di]Zg Xdjcig^Zh! l]^X] XVbZ id @jgY^hiVc VcY >gVf ^c cjbWZgh cZkZg ZmeZg^ZcXZY WZ[dgZ# I]ZhZ YZkZadebZcih ]VkZ XdbZ Vi V i^bZ d[ bV_dg VYkVcXZh ^c iZX]cdad\n! l]^X] Vaadl [dg hViZaaîZ WgdVYXVhi^c\ d[ @jgY^h] IK X]VccZah id i]Z Y^VhedgV! VcY i]Z Y^hig^Wji^dc d[ e^XijgZh [gdb bdWâZ e]dcZh Y^gZXi id i]Z ldgaY k^V i]Z ^ciZgcZi# 6i i]Z hVbZ i^bZ! i]Z @G<! i]Z EVga^VbZci VcY i]Z edaî^XVa eVgi^Zh ]VkZ XdbZ jcYZg hXgji^cn Vb^Y g^h^c\ ZmeZXiVi^dch [gdb i]Z ejWa^X d[ i]Z^g eZg[dgbVcXZ# BViiZgh hZZbZY id XdbZ id V ]ZVY ^c aViZ '%%, l]Zc V YgV[i bZY^V aVl! l]^X] XVgg^ZY idj\] hVcXi^dch [dg [VahZ gZedgi^c\ dc ejWa^X Ò\jgZh! lVh eVhhZY ^c i]Z @jgY^hiVc EVga^VbZci# EgZh^YZci BVhdjY 7VgoVc^ gZ_ZXiZY i]Z aVl VcY Vh`ZY EVga^VbZci id gZXdch^YZg

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CULTURE AND SOCIETY

A^\]ih 8VbZgV 6Xi^dc =daanlddY \dZh id @jgY^hiVc

By Stephen LoCascio

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BVe TURKEY Sindi

Gu li Barwari Bala

ZAKHO

Nerwa Rekan

AMEDI

Rizgary

SYRIA

Sherwan Mazn

Amedi

MERGASUR

Duski Sarsink Slevani

Barzan

DOHUK

SEMEL

Zawita

Semel

Dohuk

Nahla

Fayda

Akre

Qasruk

Sidakan

Mergasur

Atrush

SHIKHAN

SINJAR

AKRE

Girdasin

IRAN

SORAN Haji Omaran

Diyana

Surchi

Choman

Khalifan

Galala Rawanduz

Harir Bardarash

SHAQLAWA Salahaddin Nawdasht Khoshaw

Betwata

N W

RANYA Khabat

Ainkawa

PISHDAR

Ranya

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Bnaslawa

ERBIL

Hero

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Koysinjaq

IRAN

Bngird

Chinaran

KOYSINJAQ

DUKAN

Qushtappa Taqtaq

Mawat

Siwail

Surdash

Kandinawa

Makhmur

SHARBZHER

Aghjalar

MAKHMUR

Garmik

PENJWIN Sharbazher

Sharbazher

Penjwen

Qaraj

KIRKUK

Sarchnar

Bazyan

CHAMCHAMAL

Saruchik

SULAIMANIA

Chamchamal Tanjaro Sharazur Qaradagh Khurmal Zarayan Sangaw

DARBANDIHKAN

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Darbandikhan

HALABJA Biyara Halabja

IRAQI KURDISTAN

Pebaz

KALAR Tilako

Boundaries

Maidan

International Kalar

Governorate District Sub-District

Disputed territories

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Kilometers

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IRAN

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Self-Employed Non-Farm

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Other Self-Employed Farming

Agricultural Labor 2

Skilled Labor Non-Skilled Labor

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666,000

75th Percentile

588,200

412,667

Median Income

366,000

Kurdistan Iraq

263,790

25th Percentile

237,429

100,000

200,000

300,000 400,000

500,000

600,000

700,000

Amount (Iraqi Dinars)

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ADVERTISER INDEX

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