Year 4 Design Realisation Report - MArch Architecture - Unit 16 - Bartlett School of Architecture

Richard James Breen

Unit16 Design Realisation Report [FIRST DRAFT]

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Contents Page 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06

Abstract Introduction The Brief Precedents Conceptual Approach

2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05

Project Context Current Housing Typologies Stockholm Housing Shortage Hammerby Critique Environment Context

3.00 3.01 3.02 3.03 3.04 3.05 3.06 3.07 3.08 3.09 3.10 3.11 3.12 3.13 3.14 3.15 3.16 3.17 3.18 3.19 3.20 3.21 3.22 3.23 3.24 3.25 3.26 3.27 3.28 3.29 3.30 3.31 3.32

Site Location Significant Context Site Photos Cultural Buildings Site History Established Industries Slakthusomr책det's Food History Site Analysis Site Density Site in Vision 2030 Conceptual Masterplan Urban Strategy Procurement Package One System Principles Establishing the System Strategies Demographic Types Unit Expansion Masterplan Block Typologies Demographic in System GA Plans Cross Section Elevations Unit Catalogie Approach to Construction Material Research Approach to Servicing Site Service Strategy Circulation Strategy Access Strategy Acoustics and Daylight Strategy Means of Escape

4.00 4.01 4.02 4.03 4.04 4.05 4.06 4.07 4.08 4.09 4.10 4.11 4.12 4.13 4.14

Exploded Axo Construction Sequence CLT Research Distribution of Loads Structural Module Unit Connection Typical Details Thermal Envelope Windtightness Service Spines Service Spine Connections Structural Spines Solar Shading Structure Fireproofing

5.00 5.01 5.02 5.03 5.04 5.05 5.06 5.07 5.08 5.09 5.10 5.11 5.12 5.13 5.14 5.15

Stockholm Environment Food Strategy Rainwater Strategy Water and Wasterwater Wastewater Recycling Waste Removal Energy Systems Building Environment Heating Conditions Ventilation Daylighting Solar Shading Public Transport Materials Benefits of Prefabrication

6.00 6.01 6.02 6.03 6.04 6.05 6.06 6.07

Planning Policy Local and Financial Context Planning Constraints Procurement Strategies Role of the Architect Contractors and Consultants Heath and Safety

Bibliography

1.0

Introduction 1.01 Abstract

The ambition of this document is to explore and detail the social, structural and strategic challenges of a highly dense modularised mixed-use housing system within the legal and political frameworks of Stockholm, Sweden.

The report addresses the material and structural challenges of a flexible and adaptable modular systems and explores the benefits of prefabrication and the affect on the projects procurement and adaptation during its life-cycle.

Despite the project being in line with the cities current planning frameworks and ambitions, exemplified in Vision 2030 documentation, the proposal presents a radical alternative to traditional construction, housing and living within Stockholm, that has the potential to be rolled out across Sweden's major growing cities.

The project will comply with Swedish law and local planning and construction regulations and in the absence of full regulatory documentation, this report will ensure the proposal complies to the United Kingdom Building Regulations as standard.

As the proposal is for an adaptable system, a catalogue of housing types are exemplified as well as a selection of urban forms that can be created to respond to spatial and demographic requirements or site restrictions and influences or local planning restrictions and legal frameworks.

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Introduction 1.02 Project Information

Client Municipality of Stockholm City Council

Project Consultants Structural Engineer Buro Happold M & E Engineer

Design Consultants Johan Berglund Dean Pike Josep Mias

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Introduction 1.03 The Brief

The Brief The proposal outlined within this report is an attempt to create a new housing system and collection of housing typologies and urban typologies within the city of Stockholm, in a direct attempt to address the housing crisis the city is facing, due to exponential internal migration. The centre of Stockholm is highly developed and protected from extensive and radical developments, therefore this proposal presents an approach to site development that can transform sites marked by the Stockholm city council for residential development, as part of the Vision 2030 and Southern City plans.

The report initially explores the wider context of Sweden Stockholm to route the proposal within an urban and site based context, whilst proposing a direct challenge to the inevitable commercialised, developer driven proposals that is forecasted to redevelop key sites on Stockholm’s main southern island. This report presents an alternative.

Inspired by the need for high density urban housing schemes in conjunction with the creation of a cultural focal point within the city of Stockholm, a housing system has been devised to provide affordable social housing to young couples and families struggling to get onto the housing ladder - the demographic focused upon as the most in need within Stockholm over the next 50 years.

The scheme proposes a new way of high density living that encourages the ownership and interdependency of homes and houses within a vertically stacked architecture. The proposal seeks to merge housing, with gardens, allotments, education, work and public facilities such as libraries and restaurants, in a scheme that capitalises on the already established qualities and industry of identified sites.

(Above) Peter Celsing Kulturhuset - The House of Culture bustling and popular cultural centre in the heart of Stockholm

The various programmes will be dependant on selfsufficient closed loops systems for energy, and will be monitored and controlled by residents. This new way of living in high density will employ prefabrication to ensure quality and cost-effectiveness of site wide structure and baseline accommodation for various typologies, whilst allowing a large degree of resident personalisation within the internal streets and units themselves.

The proposal seeks to provide flexible, adaptable and most importantly extendable homes, that allow residents and their growing families to own a ‘home for life’. The basis of the project is to capitalise on the high land costs through density whilst catering for the needs of residents to believe they can grow old and prosper with their investments.

(Above) Chamberlain, Powell and Bon Barbican Centre - mixed use housing scheme in the centre of London

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Introduction 1.04 Precedents

A Personal Fascination This project is a symptom of a personal fascination with social housing projects that embed community spirit, co-operation and that successfully balance public and private spaces. Projects that are driven to provide successful and wonderful places to live that prioritise inhabitants taking caring ownership over their homes, instead of a focus on a developer’s margins that frequently overlook people for monetary or grandiose architectural ambitions. At the beginning of the project, the following precedents were studied and visited if possible that often and unfortunately succumb many project and the following short critiques identify key elements to inform the direction and outcome of this proposal.

Cité Radieuse The project epitomises a successful mixed use housing scheme and has stood the test of time.

The Cite Radieuse, was part of a living system that embedded social and public functions within the heart of a residential scheme. The proposal provides the residents with a crèche, street of shops, running track and a series of other amenities. The project provides a holistic living system that facilitates and encourages residents to mix, meet and socialise if so desired. This element of housing is lacking within much of the cold and closed off living accommodations available not only in Sweden but around the world. The provision of these facilities also elevates the building and residents into a real self-contained community. It is this ability to exist and provide multiple facilities within a piece of architecture that fascinates me. The residents do not only exist in isolation but through the provision of public facilities, in particular a hostel which directly engages the residents with the wider public, merging the public and private spheres. The project’s circulation is also noteworthy, running centrally through the blocks, but most significantly, access is provided to each unit on every other floor,

(Above) Le Corbusier Cité Radieuse Marseille France,

which allows some of the larger units to space from elevation to elevation - providing a wide range of different typologies and a much greater flexibility.

Habitat 67 Moshe Safdie’s living system, demonstrates a very significant successful and widely regarded modular and prefabricated housing system. Made from simple volumetric cast concrete interlocking units, a wide variety of housing typologies are created to accommodate a mixed tenure approach.

The interlocking nature of the units provide a very quick and efficient mode of construction, as well as a wide variety of internal and external spaces - with the terraces of particular interest, as they permeate through the structure and benefit from stacking. The prefabricated nature of the structure enables quick on site construction and ensures a high degree of quality within the units, and reduces the need for a complex range of on-site construction and disciplines.

The overall urban form looks intensely complex but is constructed from very simple forms - an architecture of seeming complexity with very strong structural and spatial qualities and foundations. The vertical circulation and horizontal streets are placed towards the rear/North, in order to allow the majority of units to be predominantly south facing. There is a potential issue of overlooking, due to the arrangement and a number of windows are oddly located at low level alongside some public walkways, which may provide poor daylighting and privacy issues.

Odhams Walk On visiting remarkable in London, highstreets presents a

Odham’s Walk for the first time, it is initially based on its central location seemingly hidden away from the busy around Covent Garden. Odham’s Walk compact/dense residential community,

(Above) Greater London Council Architect's Department - Odham's Walk Covent Garden

above several retail units, accessed through stepped and gated entrances that remain open to the public during the day. The scheme is a testament to high density housing, that incorporates the sense of community and thrives under setting public courtyards against residents private planted gardens. The brick materiality adds a real solidity to the homes that is then softened by planting. The multi-leveled nature of the scheme allows for a number of staircases to weave between gardens, and provide a real rich diversity of space and experience for the visitor and the resident. The compact nature and the diversity of public and private space is something that I aim to have encapsulated within the following proposal.

Barbican Centre The Barbican provides a wonderful example of a publicly accessible and visible mixed use highly dense residential scheme in the centre of a major city. Public platforms and facilities weave through the urban scheme, and various specific access points permeate the seemingly walled city. The complex is hard to navigate and frustrates easy access through and across the site, yet there is a richness and in being guided under undercrofts, over walkways and between vertical cores. The residents access their homes from the public podiums from lockable and secure vertical circulation. The platforms and streets are wide enough with a substantial amount of resident surveillance to prevent the darker corners of the project from being infected by typical vandalism and anti-social behaviour. The mutli-level nature and various access points and connections to the wider city are really interesting points of focus to drive through the proposal within this document.

(Above) Moshe Safdie Habitat 67, Montreal Canada

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Introduction 1.05 Conceptual Approach

Conceptual Architectural Approach In response to my initial brief, I began by creating a conceptual, architectural and structural model, in an attempt to create a interlocking, interconnected and interdependent system. This desire to create a connected system was an attempt to visualise and communicate a direct challenge to standard cellular living and urban typologies that dominate much of modern housing and developments. The systems are constructed from very simple architectural forms and rely on materiality, repetition and a strong structurally driven grid, to create a high degree of complexity, dynamism and diversity of space, much like Habitat 67. This complexity was suggestive of a dynamic living environment, that is multi-layered, staggered, stacked and made up from projections and voids. A strong architectural language began to emerge within the earlier models and established a grounding for the projects ambition to create a fundamentally different living typology within Stockholm. The models demonstrated a potential high density approach, combining and merging various functions to create a mixed use living and urban system.

As the model making progressed, a more site and demographic informed approach began to emerge, utilising the ideas of prefabrication, modules, repetition and stacking in an attempt to create an architectural intervention. This approach however, demonstrated the need to establish certain rules, and follow basic structural and architectural tools to inform a more rational and workable architectural approach.

(Above) Cellular independent disconnected structure as the existing living system

(Above) Complex interlocking interdependent structure

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(Above) Permeable elevation study

Figure X. (Above) New living system

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Introduction

2.0

PROJECT CONTEXT

Vision 2030, Stockholm Housing Crisis and

Slakthusomr책det

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Project Context 2.01 Stockholm Housing Shortage & Housing Demographics

Stockholm Housing 2015 - 2050 As one of Europe’s fastest growing countries, Sweden, and in particular its major cities, are expanding rapidly beyond their current projected housing capacities.

Within the Stockholm municipality alone, the population has been increasing by over 10 000 people per year and by the year 2030 the city will have over a million inhabitants. There is a broad political consensus that growth is positive for Stockholm and the city, but there is a strong political and social emphasis to ensure that the resultant growth and developments are achieved in a sustainable way socially, ecologically and economically.

(Above) Stockholm migration http://www.vanmeernaarbeter.nl/sites/vanmeernaarbeter.nl/files/Demographic%20changes.pdf

This inward city migration trend is expected to continue until at least 2050, by which time the region is forecast to grow by 565 000 residents, or more than 40%. Further, an additional 160 000 people will need to find housing as a result of an increase in living spaces from 40m2 to 45m2. This means that Stockholm will have to accommodate an 725 000 people, something that will place significant strain on the region’s resource efficiency. The challenge is compounded by the limited space that is available for densification in the inner city of a decidedly monocentric urban form.

In accommodating this growth, Stockholm has several assets however. The region’s public transit network is well developed, is well used and is closely linked to the region’s continued spatial development. Planning authorities are aware of the challenges at hand and have responded with active strategies, including Vision 2030, the Southern City and the Walkable City. In the inner city, this has led to infill projects on brownfield sites, including the Hammarby Sjöstad and

Norra Djurgårdsstaden mixed use projects which will provide 11 000 and 10 000 apartments respectively, along with a great deal of office and commercial space.

In the Stockholm Region the total number of housing units in 2010 are 955,000 out of which 700,000 are flats in multi-family houses (73 percent) and 255,000 are singe-family houses (27 percent). The average size of a housing unit in Stockholm is smaller than the average in Sweden. This is partly due to the higher share of multi-family houses. The average size of a housing unit in the Stockholm County is 87 m, corresponding to 66 m for flats in multi-family houses and 144 m for single-family houses. The average household size is 2.1 persons in total, 3.0 in singlefamily houses and 1.7 in multi-family houses. The average amount of floor space per person is 41 m in total.

The maps below show the level of densification in the Stockholm Urban Metabolic Zone (UMZ) for 2050 under two scenarios. The BASE scenario projects a continuation of current development trends, while the SUME scenario, emphasises a more resource aware planning approach. Comparatively lower densities in the BASE scenario are foreseen as leading to greater sprawl, as shown by the increased number of orange “X’s” beyond the existing UMZ boundary.

Conversely, a concentration of development along transport corridors and regional growth hubs creates higher densities in the SUME scenario, and therefore reduced sprawl.

Change of Population Density - BASE Scenario

Change of Population Density - SUME Scenario

http://www.nordregio.se/Metameny/About-Nordregio/Journal-of-Nordregio/Journal-of-Nordregio-no-1-2011

The Austrian Institute for Regional Studies and Spatial Planning

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Project Context 2.02 Current Housing Typologies

Single Family Houses 144m² Low Density Privacy Gardens Ownership Independent High energy consumption Disconnected

Multi Family Houses 66m² Medium Density Privacy Shared gardens Shared spaces Ownership Affordable Improved connections

Linear Blocks Medium Density Limited external space Shared/no gardens Affordable Cramped environments Communal responsibility Social housing Well connected

Tower Blocks High Density Limited external space Shared/no gardens Affordable Cramped environments Communal responsibility Social housing Well connected

Apartment Blocks Medium Density High energy efficiency Communal spaces/gardens Communal responsibility Private/public Minimal street activity/presence Unaffordable private rent Well connected Stockholm Housing Typoligies and Demographics http://www.eurometrex.org/Docs/Expert_Groups/Affordable_Housing/Stockholm_Position_Statement.pdf

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Project Context 2.03 Vision 2030 Plan

Vision 2030 Starting in spring of 2006 and finishing in spring 2007, a project entitled “Vision Stockholm 2030,” the City of Stockholm outlined an overall, long-term vision for a sustainable growth and development of Stockholm.

The project was managed by the Executive Office, and the vision has come forth through dialogue with spokesmen for the City itself, with representatives of trade and industry, with schools and universities, as well as other public authorities. The final vision, named “A World-Class Stockholm,” presents three coherent themes for Stockholm’s future development, and describes some of the characteristics of Stockholm as a city in which to live, worker visit in 2030. The vision is illustrated by examples of the initiatives and projects that will lead the City on the right path towards making the vision real. Many of these are shown in the map at the end of this presentation.

The vision also outlines several overall strategies that will be central to the implementation of the vision.

“Vision Stockholm 2030” was formally adopted by the Stockholm City Council on 11 June, 2007.

The ambitious program seeks to better and more coherently connect Stockholm through developments that are co-ordinated, ambitious and in line with enriching the surrounding areas, as opposed to becoming insular and inward looking developments.

The desire for co-ordination is a direct attempt to prevent the city from becoming fractured through independent and selfish development.

The vision aims particularly at providing a world-class city, specialising in research and technological and environmental innovation whilst providing safe, secure and enriched living environments for the growing population. The vision aims to spread development across the city, and its therefore accompanied by substantial infrastructure projects and ambitions.

Täby

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se into tomorrow

h us on a tour of the projects that are being Järfälla City of Stockholm’s Vision 2030 – A Worldnsion areas and other significant housing profurther information, see www.stockholm.se.

gn centre are the hub of an area features creative activities and housing.

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el simply! New tramways and erground lines in Stockholm and urrounding municipalities simtransportation for a great many kholmers. The thin dashed lines w some of the new routes.

iljeholmen – Årstadal

w the city centre has definitely n a leap across Årsta bay. Here city centre’s density and range ferings are combined with proxto natural areas and recreation.

slussen

r 70 years of service, Slussen has renovated and rebuilt. The new to Stadsgården and Skeppsbron e the area even more important meeting place.

Hammarby sjöstad

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in cooperation with the Stockholm County Council and the City of Solna.

The district provides the ideal base for world-class research programmes and businesses specialised in life sciences.

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Citybanan, a six-kilometre-long railway tunnel with two new stations, has doubled rail capacity through Stockholm. In conjunction with Mälarbanan, it is essential for railway traffic from a local, regional and national perspective.

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new housing and a hotel and confeally important the entire - Norra 14for Karolinska Station rence facility of international standing kholm-Mälar region. High-speed 17 Citybanan Railway Tunnel have grown forth as part of this new s from central Stockholm allow 18 the Stockholm Seaport western city district. To the north, engers to reach airport in Royal the railway yards have been decked minutes.

19 Nordvästra Kungsholmen over and Klarabergsgatan rebuilt.

20 Annedal Housing Development Karolinska

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From Husarviken to Loudden, new housing and workplaces have been developed. The Värtan financial centre and the modernised port operations with a new travel centre are strong profiles in the area.

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18. stockholm Royal seaport

21 Klara Hotel and Conference orra station and new city district that combines ing and workplaces has been built

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21. Klara Hotel and Conference 13Airport Arlanda Airport Near Stockholm Central Station, kholm Arlanda is stra12

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e the city centre has been linked Here the compact central city has the districts surrounding Hamseen the addition of 15,000 workKista Science places, City - 8,000 IT 1

by Lake and with Nacka. About residents, and shops, 2 Vällingby centrum 00 people live and work in the cafés andshopping restaurants. Strandparken try’s largest development and Lindhagensgatan 3 Älvsjö procentrum - regional hub are examples with a focus on water and the of new zones in the area.

4 Stockholm Public Library ronment.

5 20. Annedal Förbifart Stockholm - road circuit norvik The area around Bällstaviken, close 6 Kungens Kurva Skärholmen expanded port at Norvik in to Bromma airport, accommodates 7 Telefonplan - creative hub of new homes and äshamn provides increased a large number city for freight8 andTrams passenger workplaces. City planning has taken and underground ic in the region.

This has led to place in cooperation with the City 9 Liljeholmen - Årstadal - recreation establishment of housing and of Solna and the municipality of 10 Slussen meeting/transport hub Sundbyberg. kplaces in Stockholm’s former areas.

11 Hammarby Sjöstad

Arlanda

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Project Context 2.04 Hammerby Critique

Hammarby Sjöstad Hammarby Sjöstad epitomises Stockholm’s embedded approach to safe and sustainable urban growth. This large scale development has transfromed a previously industrial riverside area into a dense and highly efficient community, comprising of housing, commercial space and retail. The underlying principle is the provision of a green, closed loop living environment at the heart of the city of Stockholm.

Whilst the green ambitions of the project are to be highly commended, as is recognised by the international community, the project fails somewhat on the addressing some fundamental problems within Stockholm. Though housing provision is provided to address the chronic shortages, however the rental prices and purchases prices of the homes and apartments place them far out of reach of large parts of the in-need demographics. Where a highly dense, and equally highly environmentally conscious project could have occurred, a developer driven residential

sprawl has emerged, catering to those who can afford to purchase or rent at relatively high prices. The projects success is embedded in its environmental strategy, and underpins a way of living that all housing developments should take precedence from. However on visiting the area, there was a lack of activity in and around the streets, and whilst the public gardens and open spaces were relatively attractive, then appeared lifeless and often like token, unthoughtful gestures to the urban fabric. There seemed to be a lack of community, with units adhering to the standard staunch private and public divide. There was a lack of richness of external space and a commercial wash over the majority of elevations and façades dominates. There are a lot of environmental strategies to be taken from this project, but the architecture and approach to be a new way of living can be challenged much more extensively. There is also a lack of activity to pull the city towards Hammerby.

Hammarby Sjöstad - Case Study http://www.aeg7.com/assets/publications/hammarby%20sjostad.pdf Images from City of Stockholm and Alex Linthicum

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Project Context 2.05 Environment Context A Green & Energy Efficient Sweden

Conceptual Recycling Model

Europe's Major Gas and Oil Pipelines

Conceptual Recycling Plant

Conceptual Recycling Plant

Swedish Energy Independance

Recycling & Waste

Energy

Every month

Renewable resources account for

of food waste is gathered by Stockholm the waste is turn into

of the Swedish energy production of this, almost

of gas, which powers the cities buses and taxis There is a recycling area at least

comes from hydropower The average Swede releases

Sweden is increasingly seeking a future without oil and other fossil fuels - becoming increasingly independent and seperate from global dependencies, as is evident in its historic removal from major oil and gas pieplines identified above. Dramatic investment in fossil fuel infrastructure and an oil crisis in the 1970’s resulted in such a desire to become independent. Based on a 2009 EU directive to promote the development of renewable energy sources, Sweden aims to increase renewable energy to 50 per cent of national supply by 2020. The present figure is 48 per cent, largely thanks to the large proportion of hydropower and biofuels in the energy system. Stockholm has the potential to become the first fully self-sufficient city as a prototype to the world.

International oil dependency is one of the worldʼs biggest problems and as Sahlin (Energy Commissioner) notes, a Sweden free of fossil fuels would give the country enormous advantages, “not least by reducing the impact from fluctuations in oil prices. The price of oil has tripled since 1996.” Swedenʼs investments, actions and laws are no accident, and although Swedenʼs goal of eliminating oil consumption is seen as ambitious by the rest of the world, their attention to the detrimental effects of this dependence is worth noting.

993,000 kg 115,000m³ 300m

48% 95%

5.1 tonnes

from any major residential area.

Incineration plants produce

of carbon dioxide a year compared to 7.9 EU average Oil only accounts for

non-toxic carbon dioxide and water

of energy consumption, with the ambition of being fossil fuel free by 2050.

99.9%

21.5%

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Site Context

Introduction

3.0

3.01 Site Location

BUILDING CONTEXT

Europe Location Plan World vector map online: worldatlasbook.com [accessed on 13th March 2015]

Dense urban central Stockholm

Low density south island

Dramatic green space density

Suburban residential sprawl

Under developed industrial sites

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Site Context 3.01 Site Location Plan Central Stockholm City Plan scale 1:20000

Stockholm University

Värtahamnen Port

Kulturhuset T-Centralen T-bana Swedish Parliament Royal Palace Gamla-Stan

Södermalm Färgfabriken

Hammarby Sjöstad

Årsta Skog

Ericsson Globen Västberga Slakthusområdet Tele2 Arena Årstafältet

Gamla Enskede

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Site Context 3.02 Significant Site Context Slakthusområdet (Slaughterhouse District) Site Plan scale 1:5000

Enskede Gård T-bana

Lindeparken

Enskede Gård - suburban housing

Johanneshov tower blocks

Globen City shopping + commercial

Globen T-bana

Globen City shopping + commercial

Gullmarsplan T-bana

Globen Arena

Tele2 Sports Arena

Söderstadion

Motorway 73

Johanneshov Isstadion

Skärmarbrink T-bana

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Site Context 3.03 Site Photographs Internal Site Photographs

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Site Context 3.03 Site Photographs Site Boundary Conditions

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Site Context 3.04 Original Significant Cultural Buildings

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Site Context 3.04 Original Significant Cultural Buildings

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Site Context 3.04 Additional Significant Cultural Buildings

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Site Context 3.05 Site History

Original Site Plan 1906 Map and Images from: http://bygg.Stockholm.se/Slakthusomradet

SlakthusomrĂĽdet History The Slaughterhouse district was built between 1906 and 1912 and was designed by Gistav Wickman.

The area was established as a direct response to the lack of hygene and efficiency of many of the private slaughterhouses in and around the city of Stockholm.

The various buildings were designed in a simple Art Noveau style, with sand-lime bricks dominating the fabric. Each buildings appearance and layout was honest to the function that it was going to serve.

The Slaughterhouse area became an exemplary facility and embraced many of the latest technologies available at the time. The area grew to incorporate numerous butchery and slaughter facilities, however due to mechanised slaughter and increased availability of meat production, the vast amount of land was developed over time to include vast warehouses

and storage facilities. The historic presence of the meat industry has been slowly eroded over time and slaughtering no longer takes place on site, with many of the facilities now focused on meat butchery, production and packaging. The area’s rich history seems to be continually eroded, and current proposals aim to remove the majority of meat packing and preparation from the site to the outskirts of the city.

Currently there are over 250 companies in the area with approximately 3800 employees. Many buildings have identified to have great cultural and historical significance and have been marked to be preserved but are not protected.

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Site Context 3.06 Existing Established Industries

Preserving and Enhancing The slaughterhouse area is strategically located just south of Stockholm city centre. More than 250 companies share resources such as land, water, energy and transport therefore making the area a cost effective for businesses and gentle on the environment.

Stockholm Deaf Compound

Annerstedt Meat Production

70% of the meat, pork and pork products consumed in Stockholm are distributed via Slakthusområdet.

The rich food and meat packing heritage of the area still exists and sits alongside many other industries including: haulage, storage, digital agencies and businesses, PR consultants, landscape designers, architects, artists, clubs, restaurants and many more (some of these companies are listed adjacent).

The various established industries - those of particular interest to this proposal, principally those involved in the food and creative industries have developed a presence within the site naturally over time and are a symptom of successful growth and expansion because of the appeal and locality of the area.

Therefore it is fundamental for this project to preserve and enhance many of the industries that have established themselves in Slakthusområdet region.

The fundamental driver will remain residential, but instead of wiping the slate clean, the proposal will work alongside those industries that will enhance the area and provide a foundation for establishing a dynamic, distinctive and attractive region to pull people to from all over Stockholm, Sweden and beyond.

Fröderberg Art AB / Draco Attribute Film Props and Sets Slaughter House Club Axelsson Haulage

Blue Architecture Landscape

Bergfalk & Co Annerstedt Meat Production

Chark Food Electro Engineering The Farm Meat

Gourmet Food Chilled/frozen food provision

Meat Industry Federation

Restaurangakademien - Restaurant Academy and Kitchen

J & B Delicatessen

Existing Companies in the Slakthusområdet district Images from: http://www.slakthusomradet.nu/

A Valuable Site History FLESH & BLOOD was a documentation of how the area has evolved over hundreds of years. From being dominated by the heaviest and most dangerous crafts in the food industry to become Northern Europe’s largest wholesale trading of meat and food.

Many of the world’s best chefs come today from Sweden. On Slakthusområdet gather now include schools and training centers that offer qualified professional knowledge of food and the catering industry. The food industry is no longer just a supplier of essential raw materials, but also a co-creator of exciting and wonderful experiences and services.

Swedish cuisine has proud traditions and Swedish home cooking is constantly rediscovered in new recipes. FLESH & BLOOD is also a cookbook with many modern recipes for classic dishes from ten decades. From Potato Pancake with pork to Oxkind with sauerkraut.

A publication celebrating a 100 years of the area - a poignant departure point for the project to form the basis for the public, commercial and food based edge of the proposal. http://www.stockholmskallan.se/ContentFiles/UTB/Slakthuset/slakthusomradet_boken_ inlaga_220x280_120823_sid_1_208_low_final.pdf

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Site Context 3.07 Slakthusområdet's Food Future Food and Restaurant Academies and Kitchens Restaurangakademien - Restaurant Academy and Kitchen “Restaurant Academy was founded in 1985 by the chefs Björn Halling, Örjan Klein, Frank Hollingworth and Åke Håkansson who wanted to create a gastronomic venue for the restaurant industry.

And they succeeded.

Today Restaurangakademien for both knowledge of and love for food. Our mission and focus is on providing the industry with the highest competence through the best training. In this way, we develop Swedish gastronomy daily. Although the increasing public interest in food and drink manages this by offering quality education to individuals and to organize corporate events”.

http://nojesguiden.se/artiklar/atta-timmar-restaurangakademien

Kitchen Academies Restaurants

Precedents

Catering Schools

Tokyo Fish Market Borough Market New York Meatpacking District

Professional Training World Class Eateries

> >

> >

27

>

Site Context 3.08 Site Analysis

Urban Character and Scales

Smale scale, high density Small scale, low density Medium scale, medium density Small scale, low density Large scale, high density

There is a wide variety of building typologies and scales within and around the site. Within the context it ranges from huge entertainment venues and to 30m tall office buildings to the East to residential tower blocks to the North and small scale suburban dwellings to the West.

The variety of scales is dramatic, resulting in the site being dominated to the East, whilst being hidden by dense tree lines and a steep bank to the West. On the site there is a variety of large warehouse units and smaller workshop spaces, to the large slaughterhouse and office buildings. There an opportunity to bridge these dramatic difference in scales and typologies is presented.

Open space

Public Transport Access

Main bus routes Main train/tram routes Main transport hub T-bana stations

A good provision of public transport already exists to service the site and is a direct result of the previous Globen area development. The Globen T-bana lies directly to the North and regular bus services run adjacent to the site on the North and East boundary. The increase in residents however would place substantial pressure on these networks, and consultation would have to take place to develop a workable and appropriate strategy. The developed site will therefore be well connected to central Stockholm as well as the rest of Sweden in broader terms.

Main bus stops

Main Context Flows and Nodes

Main flows Transport nodes Destination nodes Destination buildings

The majority of footfall around or near the site occurs to the North-East as the Globen city area provides a huge attraction that successfully pulls tourists and city residents out of the city centre by providing high quality entertainment, sport and shopping facilities.

The footfall however is restricted between the metro stations and little engages beyond the Globen city boundaries. The sites proximity to this area provides a great opportunity and platform to expand the attraction and footfall further even further South of the centre. The area therefore requires an attraction, with the established food and creative industries providing the most exciting and potentially successful option.

28

Site Flows and Key Views

Main context flows Lesser context flows Internal site flows Site access points

The majority of flows that exist within the site are vehicular and there is little footfall through the site from visitors. The majority of footfall exists between the Globen T-bana and through the Globen area, between the Globe itself and the Tele 2 arena.

There are several key views within the site that should be preserved, including visual connectivity to the Globe as well as the water tower of the Slaughterhouse, as they exist as visual landmarks, aid in orientation and are central to the areas character.

Main views

Flow from city

Active Frontages

Highly active frontages Low active frontages No active frontages Outward looking

Inactive frontages result in little footfall that occurs around the periphery of the site penetrating into the site - scale of buildings provide hostile frontages and car traffic and access to the site edges is prioritised.

Pedestrians are not encouraged to enter the site, with the few public functions not visible from the roadside.

Only the North and West boundaries could be activated as the East boundary is restricted by a steep bank and the small scale of the sububan houses. The south boundary provides a significant opportunity for visual frontage, but direct access would be restricted by the steep bank.

Inward looking

Site Nodes

Main site nodes Destination points Destination building

The corner of the site opposite the Globen T-bana presents the most significant nodal point of the site, as it presents a potential gateway and focal point for people heading the Globe arena. The central slaughterhouse, with its large chimney and water tower present a significant architectural landmark, that is currently overshadowed. The area directly across from the Tele2 arena also presents an opportunity to further connect the site with the entertainment district.

29

Site Context 3.09 Site and Context Density Slakthusomr책det vs. Gamla Enskede Site and Context Extremes

Gamla Enskede

Slakthusomr책det

Slakthusomr책det Density Experiment

The Slakthusomr책det site lies directly adjacent to a luxuriously spacious area of suburbia called Gamla Enskede. On visiting the area the difference in scales, natural environment and built character was dramatic. This graphic exercise explored the difference in massing, street layouts and openess, in order to establish an understanding of scale and the various boundary conditions that exist. It was immediately clear that any development on the site would have to respond in a simpathetic manner, with low density and smaller scales of building to the Western boundary out of respect for the preservation of the established qualities of the suburban area.

The exercise adjacent was a very quick study simply transplanting a single suburban house and a local tower block onto the site, to identify a potential building and resident capacity on the site. The last graphic shows my intitial intention to explore interlocking and stacking architecture, that has the ability to respond to the difference in scales and built environment evident on either side of the site.

Building scales/density Massing + Void

Approx 2000 Multi-family dwellings Small scale Low density 80sqm

Street layouts Hard surfaces

Approx 8000 people Hise rise apartment Large scale High density 80sqm

Green spaces Open spaces

Approx 6500 people Interlocking apartments Medium scale High density 80sqm

30

Site Context 3.09 Site Section and Context Scales

Globe 65m

Offices 35m

Slaughterhouse 14m

Tele2 50m

Water Tower 28m

Offices 60m

Single Residential 6m

Offices 35m

Linear Blocks 12m

Tele2 50m

Site and Context Extremes The Slakthusomr책det site lies directly between the Globen entertainment and retial area to the East and the Gamla Enskede suburbs to the West. The site sections demonstrate the vast difference in building heights between each boundary, allowing the site to be moulded and adpated to respond to two very different conditions. Any proposed development will have to respond to the public facing active frontages of the Eastern retail and offices, and busy road, that connects the city past the Tele2 areana. The location of this proposals intervention is highlighted, and will focus on addressing the highly active frontage and North Eastern corner, adjacent to the central slaughterhouse. The dramatic difference in scales is what triggered the projects fundamental response towards an adaptative housing system that has the flexibility to respond to such varying site and contextual built environment conditions.

31

Site Context 3.10 Site in Vision 2030

Conceptual Hyper-Extended Master-plan The above models demonstrate an early hyperextended master-planning approach to the Slakthusområdet site, which elevated and raised a new urban development and fabric above the site, in ordert to develop independently and allow the existing fabric to continue functioning as existing.

This elevated structure was based on a strict grid, that acted as the lateral structural as well as circulation and service provision through the vast scheme.

Residential, retail, commercial, food production, services and educational facilities would all exist within this supported layer above - allowing it act as an independent living system. The system could then theoretically expand over specific transport routes to continue development over other nearby identified post-industrial zones

The South City Vision 2030 The Slakthusområdet site currently exists as part of the Vision South City Plan, aimed at being completed in 2030. This overall development has already started with the construction of the Globe area carried out during the years 2008- 2009 and the Stockholm Arena was completed in 2013. The next planning stage is the Slaughterhouse area where the programs work commenced in 2012 and are planned to be implemented in 2015/2016.

Stockholm’s ambition South City is set to create a denser and more multifunctional urban environment that links together the surrounding neighborhoods.

Southern city will serve as Stockholm main entertainment hub, where a wide range of events in sports, culture and entertainment helps to strengthen the entire Stockholm region attractiveness as a place for world renowed sporting, cultural and entertainment experiences. This will be developed alongside various start-ups in the commercial, office and service sectors. At the same time Southern city become an attractive walking city, where older buildings will sit side by side with new housing.

The development of the site is fundamental to knitting and connecting the surrounding areas together, bridging the Globe area with the surrounding suburbia beoyond. The fundamental strategies for the site are: •

Image and Diagrams from: Stadsbyggnadsstrategi.20Söderstaden.pdf

• • •

Maintaining and strengthening cultural and historical value buildings and environments Seizing the area’s tradition and history through development of public activities related to food, beverage and events Supplement with a high quality and varied new construction of housing offering different tenures, workplaces and services .

Create new high quality parks and plazas and natural connections to surrounding neighborhoods

The proposal outlined in the various planning authority documents is set to follow these identified strategies, in order to ensure that any development and program suitably fits with the overall goals on Vision 2030.

The proposal outlined in this document seeks to outline a new approach to housing, by illustrating a new living system for the residents of Stockholm in need.

Development Corridors

Development Zones

Green Zones and Corridors

Developing Industrial Zones

32

Site Context 3.11 Conceptual Hyper-Extended Master-plan

Conceptual Hyper-Extended Master-plan The above models demonstrate an early hyperextended master-planning approach to the Slakthusomr책det site, which elevated and raised a new urban development and fabric above the site, in order to develop independently and allow the existing fabric to continue functioning as existing. This elevated structure was based on a strict grid, that acted as the lateral structural as well as circulation and service provision through the vast scheme.

Residential, retail, commercial, food production, services and educational facilities would all exist within this supported layer above - allowing it act as an independent living system. The system could then theoretically expand over specific transport routes to continue development over other nearby identified post-industrial zones

33

Site Context 3.12 Master-plan Strategy

Proposed Strategy

Urban Strategy

Existing Condition

1.

Connect the Slakthusomr책det site with the surrounding context - bridging the divide between Globen and Gamla Enskede.

2.

Establish a strong visual and physical connection with the Globen entertainment district

3.

Activate the street frontage along Arenav채gen 58

4.

Draw attention and enhance existing buildings of culture

5.

Establish a nationally and internationally recognised culture of food, eating and culinerry education and excellence

6.

Provide an affordable, social and diverse living and sustainable environemt

7.

Activate the entire site for living and culture

8.

Establish green and open park areas

34

Site Context 3.13 Master-plan Proposed Plan Procurement Package One Proposal

Procurement Package One Proposal The first procurement package will be a 6 strip section of the proposed mixed-use residential living system, located on the North-East boundary of the site, adjacent to the Central Slaughterhouse. The plan above shows the location of the scheme that will contain 35 duplex units and 2 three storey units, as well as a crèche, rooftop restaurant/bar/roof garden, cafÊ and ground floor restaurants, cooking schools, bar, outdoor dining and seating, public podium market place and private resident allotments and shared gardens. The baseline scheme would house 75 people, the proposal detailed in the following sections, post resident consultation will house 100 residents, with the ability to expand based on resident requirements.

35

Building Form and Systems 3.14 The System - Procurement Package One System Principles - Strategic Diagrams

Procurement Package One The diagrams adjacent demonstrate the main and simplified strategic ambitions of this proposed living system. They illustrate the principles of the block typology as well as demonstrate the systems adaptability and flexibility that can be translated into other designed options and configurations in response to differing site constraints, environmental drivers and assigned tenure and demographic, that exist within the overall master-plan for the site.

The system's modularised design and strict adherence to a standard 600mm/1200mm grid enables it to easily expand and be configured in a vareity of systems, thus creating a a dynamic but affordable variety within the built environment. The main structural spines also act as service spines, aloowing the CLT modules to be dedicated to resident configurable living spaces.

The spines also add to the ventilation, daylighting and acoustic strategies of the project.

Expandable system

Structurally and spatially efficient 1200mm x1200mm grid

Module insertions into superstructure

Eldery

Couples + Small Family

Singles +

Sharing +

Couples + Small family

Single + Couple

Large families +

Prefabricated modules

Integrated service and structure spines

Adaptable and flexible configurations

Eldery

36

Building Form and Systems 3.15 The System - Procurement Package One System Principles - Establishing the System

Baseline municipality minimum living standard requirements and sizing

Site contraints - access/height restrictions/existing buildings and ground conditions etc. considered

Local municipality planning priorities - overarching master-planning and strategic principles

•

Ratio of shared gardens/allotments identified

5p 3b 92m²

• • • • •

5p 3b 92m²

• • • • • • • • •

• • • • • • • •

3p 2b 62m²

Resident 1 Resident Requirements INITIAL UNIT EXPANSION initial capital family growth 3 bedrooms large kitchen space small private garden study room access to crèche

•

Resident 15• 2p 1b 47m²

• • • • • • • • • •

Resident Requirements NO INITIAL EXPANSION • • •

2p 1b low 47m²

budget • • future family • anticipated •

• • • • • • • • •

•

3p 2b 62m²

access to external play - private and shared public play spaces - connections with other families privacy Kindergartens large living space 2p 1b adaptable bedroom layouts 47m²to respond to privacy demands over time plenty of storage space access to garden/allotments ability to reduce home size when children leave

Resident •• consultation •tenure and unit • MIORE TYPICAL FAMILY SWEDDISH FAMILY SIZE offer • access to external play - private and shared public play

4p 2b 77m²

• • •

• •

4p 2b 77m²

Public functions identified based on proposed demographic and local area requirements

• • • •

spaces - connections with other families privacy Kindergartens large living space 2p 1b adaptable bedroom layouts to respond to privacy 47m² demands over time plenty of storage space ability to reduce home size when children leave potential to add seperate dwelling to plot in support of next generation or care of eldery parents access to garden/allotments

access to external play - private and shared public play spaces - connections with other families privacy 1p 1b Kindergartens plenty of storage space 32m² ability to reduce home size when children leave potential to add seperate dwelling to plot in support of next generation or care of eldery parents access to garden/allotments

• • • • • • •

• • • • • • • • • • • •

• • • • • • •

• • • • • • •

Social and co-operative housing prioritised - future tennants budgets accessed - for sale or rent

Local materials identified and potential contractors skill based accessed

Initial system outline proposed and configured consultant/planning co-ordination access to external play - private and shared public play begins spaces - connections with other families privacy Kindergartens large living space adaptable bedroom layouts to respond to privacy demands over time plenty of storage space access to garden/allotments ability to reduce home size when children leave

MIORE TYPICAL FAMILY SWEDDISH FAMILY SIZE access to external play - private and shared public play spaces - connections with other families privacy Kindergartens large living space 5p 3b adaptable bedroom layouts to respond to privacy demands over time 92m² plenty of storage space ability to reduce home size when children leave potential to add seperate dwelling to plot in support of next generation or care of eldery parents access to garden/allotments

• • • • • • • •

access to external play - private and shared public play spaces - connections with other families privacy Kindergartens large living space adaptable bedroom layouts to respond to privacy demands over time plenty of storage space access to garden/allotments ability to reduce home size when children leave

• MIORE TYPICAL FAMILY SWEDDISH FAMILY SIZE • - private accessand to external play -play private and shared public play • access to external play shared public - connections with other families spaces - connections with spaces other families access to external play - private and shared public play • privacy • privacy spaces - connections with other families • Kindergartens • Kindergartens privacy large living space • large living space • Kindergartens 4p 2b 3b space • adaptable bedroom layouts to respond to privacy • adaptable bedroom layouts to respond to privacy plenty 5p of storage demands over time 77m² demands over time ability92m² to reduce home size when children leave • plenty of storage space • plenty of storage space potential to add seperate dwelling to plot in • ability to reduce home size when children leave access to garden/allotments support of next generation or care of eldery •parents • size potential to add seperate • ability to reduce home when children leave dwelling to plot in access to garden/allotments • support of next generation or care of eldery parents • access to garden/allotments

BUILDING PROPOSAL CONFIGURATION/ STRUCTURE/ SERVICING

Planning consultation Consultants information

Contractor appointment

• MIORE TYPICAL FAMILY SWEDDISH FAMILY SIZE DEMOGRAPHIC IN NEED OF GREATER FOCUS • access to external play - private and shared public play investments for the future - expandable plots - ability to spaces - connections• with access other families to external play - private and shared public play grow home when developing as a family unit • privacy spaces - connections with other families small private external space • Kindergartens • privacy access to shared gardens or allotments • large living space • Kindergartens large living space 4p 2b • adaptable bedroom layouts to respond to privacy 2bbedrooms • plenty of storage space adaptable bedroom to incorporate3p extra demands over time • 77m² ability to reduce home size when children leave space to have guests 62m² • plenty of storage space • potential to add seperate dwelling to plot in space for working - small office/studio scenerio • ability to reduce home when of children leave • size support next generation or care of eldery parents ability to reduce home size when children leave • potential to add seperate dwelling to plot in • access to garden/allotments potential to add seperate dwelling to plot in • support of next generation or care of eldery parents support of next generation or care of eldery parents • access to garden/allotments access to shared garden/allotments • DEMOGRAPHIC IN NEED OF GREATER FOCUS • investments for the future - expandable plots - ability to privacy • access to external play - private and shared public play as a family unit grow home when developing easy accessibility spaces - connections• with small other families private external space ability to expand or reduce home size based• on privacy • access to shared gardens or allotments circumstances - homes can be 2p modified to accomo• Kindergartens 1b • large living space date illness or disabilities 3p 2b • plenty of storage space • adaptable bedroom to incorporate extra bedrooms 47m² access to private garden/allotments • ability to reduce home when children leave • size space to have guests 62m² proximity to extra care services • potential to add seperate dwelling to plot in • space for working - small office/studio scenerio pet friendly • support of next generation or care of eldery parents • ability to reduce home size when children leave larger bathroom facilities - less flexible • access to garden/allotments • potential to add seperate dwelling to plot in • support of next generation or care of eldery parents • access to shared garden/allotments

Planning proposal and applications

• DEMOGRAPHIC IN NEED OF GREATER FOCUS • investments for the future -privacy expandable plots - ability to • as accessibility a family unit DEMOGRAPHIC IN NEED OF GREATER FOCUS grow home when developing • easy • small private external• space small private external space ability to expand or reduce home size based on • access to shared gardens circumstances or allotments study space - homes can be modified to accomo2p 1b • large living space connection to other young adults 2p 1b date illness or disabilities • adaptable bedroom to extra bedrooms access47m² to shared external facilities/gardens/allotments 47m² • incorporate access to private garden/allotments • space to have guests• compact living - ability to have guests proximity to extra care services • space for working - small office/studio ability to expand home for change in circumstance • pet friendly scenerio • ability to reduce home when children leave - less flexible highly flexible internally • size larger bathroom facilities • potential to add seperate dwelling to plot in • support of next generation or care of eldery parents • access to shared garden/allotments

DEMOGRAPHIC IN NEED OF GREATER FOCUS investments for the future - expandable plots - ability to grow home when developing as a family unit small private external space access to shared gardens or allotments large living space adaptable bedroom to incorporate extra bedrooms space to have guests space for working - small office/studio scenerio ability to reduce home size when children leave potential to add seperate dwelling to plot in support of next generation or care of eldery parents access to shared garden/allotments

Demolition/ groundworks On site construction

Resident 26

Resident Requirements

• • •

2p 1b 47m²

SHARED UNIT EXPANSION

privacy easy accessibility ability to expand or reduce home size based on circumstances - homes can be modified to accomodate illness or disabilities access to private garden/allotments proximity to extra care services pet friendly larger bathroom facilities - less flexible

Target demographics and tenure types to meet local housing needs

high budget elderly parents/ extra care

1p 1b 32m²

1p 1b 32m²

• • • •

• • • • • • •

+

Factory based prefabrication of housing/WC units

privacy DEMOGRAPHIC IN NEED OF GREATER FOCUS easy accessibility • small private space ability to expand or•reduce home sizeexternal based on • study circumstances - homes can bespace modified to accomo• connection to other young adults date illness or disabilities • access to shared external facilities/gardens/allotments access to private garden/allotments • services compact living - ability to have guests proximity to extra care • ability to expand home for change in circumstance pet friendly flexible internally larger bathroom facilities - highly less flexible

DEMOGRAPHIC IN NEED OF GREATER FOCUS small private external space study space connection to other young adults access to shared external facilities/gardens/allotments compact living - ability to have guests ability to expand home for change in circumstance highly flexible internally

•

On site assembly, service connections, fixings and finishes

5p 3b 92m²

Resident occupancy

•

access to external play - private and shared public play

• • •

Kindergartens large living space adaptable bedroom layouts 3p 2bto respond to privacy demands over time 62m² plenty of storage space access to garden/allotments ability to reduce home size when children leave

spaces - connections with other families Resident lifecycle • privacy

5p 3b 92m²

• • •

• •

4p 2b 77m²

Resident 1 No expansion

• • •

• •

4p 2b 77m²

1 bedroom 2 bedrooms kitchen/living space shared • DEMOGRAPHIC IN NEED large OF GREATER FOCUS • small private external space small balcony kitchen/living space • study space 1p 1b • connection to other young adults • access to shared external facilities/gardens/allotments small allotment wintergarden 32m² • compact living - ability to have guests for change in circumstance provision • ability to expand homesmall allotment highly flexible internally provision

• • • •

• • • • • • • • •

MIORE TYPICAL FAMILY SWEDDISH FAMILY SIZE access to external play - private and shared public play spaces - connections with other families privacy Kindergartens large living space 2p 1bto respond to privacy adaptable bedroom layouts demands over time 47m² plenty of storage space ability to reduce home size when children leave potential to add seperate dwelling to plot in support of next generation or care of eldery parents access to garden/allotments

• • • • • • • • •

• • • • • • • •

• • • • • • • • • • • •

access to external play - privat spaces - connections with othe privacy Kindergartens large living space adaptable bedroom layouts to demands over time plenty of storage space access to garden/allotments ability to reduce home size w

MIORE TYPICAL FAMILY SWE access to external play - privat spaces - connections with othe privacy Kindergartens large living space 5p 3bto adaptable bedroom layouts demands over time 92m² plenty of storage space ability to reduce home size w potential to add seperate dw support of next generation o access to garden/allotments

access to external play - privat spaces - connections with othe privacy Kindergartens 4p 2b plenty of storage space 77m² ability to reduce home size w potential to add seperate dw support of next generation o access to garden/allotments

DEMOGRAPHIC IN NEED OF investments for the future - exp grow home when developing a small private external space access to shared gardens or a large living space 3p 2b adaptable bedroom to incorpor space to have guests62m² space for working - small office ability to reduce home size w potential to add seperate dw support of next generation o access to shared garden/allotm

to external play - private and shared public play Resident 15• access Resident 26•• privacy easy accessibility spaces - connections with other families • ability to expand or reduce h • privacy circumstances - homes can b 2p 1b More capital•• Kindergartens 2p 1b Internal date illness or disabilities 3p 2b plenty of storage space 47m² 47m² • access to private garden/allotm • ability to reduce home size when children leave 1 extra bedroom reconfiguration 1 62m² • proximity to extra care services • potential to add seperate dwelling to plot in • pet friendly of next generation or care of eldery parents expansion •• support extra bedroom • larger bathroom facilities - less access to garden/allotments

• •

2p 1b 47m²

• • • • • • • • • •

• • •

2p 1b

DEMOGRAPHIC IN NEED OF GREATER FOCUS investments for the future - expandable plots - ability to grow home when developing as a family unit small private external space access to shared gardens or allotments large living space 1p 1b adaptable bedroom to incorporate extra bedrooms 32m² space to have guests space for working - small office/studio scenerio ability to reduce home size when children leave potential to add seperate dwelling to plot in support of next generation or care of eldery parents access to shared garden/allotments

privacy easy accessibility ability to expand or reduce home size based on circumstances - homes can be modified to accomo-

• • • • • • •

DEMOGRAPHIC IN NEED OF small private external space study space 2p 1b connection to other young adu 47m²facil access to shared external compact living - ability to have ability to expand home for ch highly flexible internally

37

1p 1b

Building Form and Systems 3.16 The System - Procurement Package One System Principles - Elements and Strategies

1

Structural Spines and Basement

2

Intergrated Service Spines

3

Vertical Circulation Cores and Streets

4

Prefabricated WC/Shower/Stair Units

5

Baseline Prefabricated CLT Units

6

Public Functions within System

Steel frame superstructure Basement for waste collection

2 x Controlled resident entrances 2 x Main access and escape stairs with lift Internal streets providing access to units

Baseline accommodation provision to cater for a variety of demographics and ensure option of affordability

Gas, electrical, internet, fresh water inputs Waste water, waste food removal Integrated rainwater drains and downpipes

Structural and insulative indepent prefabricated units Installed in superstructure - ready to connect to units Greenhouse/winter garden spaces

Public functions can vary from block to block Functions assigned based on demographic, site based or resident desired requirements

38

7

Expandable Unit Based System

9

Public Podium Level

Residents are consulted and are provided with the option to expand/add/adapt the unit space provided for them based on their budget/needs/family circumstances

A space to seperate public and private realms Open space provision for temporary/permanent market stalls/pop up venues - resident controlled and public facing

11 Resident

Shared Gardens & Private Balconies

Post installation of resident units, balcony and garden construction build ups added to roof of units, as part of final roofing/finishing/waterproofing construction phase.

8

Ground Floor

Controlled access, cycle storage is provided for residents Central and accessible plant room Cullinery schools, kitchens, public facing restaurants and external eating and drinking

10

Resident Allotments

12

Additional Tertiary Structures

Allotments provided above podium level - resident access Food provision for residents and for cooking schools/ restaurants

Roller based lourves for South facing elevation Timber and glazed canopy to shelter top floor street,

continuing down the facade, to frame views, safety and provide growing shelves for example

39

Building Form and Systems 3.17 Residential Demographic Types

•

5p 3b 92m²

• • • • • • •

• •

4p 2b 77m²

• • • • • • • • •

•

3p 2b 62m²

• • • • • • •

• •

2p 1b 47m²

• • • • • • • • • •

• • •

2p 1b 47m²

1p 1b 32m²

• • • •

• • • • • • •

access to external play - private and shared public play spaces - connections with other families privacy Kindergartens large living space adaptable bedroom layouts to respond to privacy demands over time plenty of storage space access to garden/allotments ability to reduce home size when children leave

MIORE TYPICAL FAMILY SWEDDISH FAMILY SIZE access to external play - private and shared public play spaces - connections with other families privacy Kindergartens large living space adaptable bedroom layouts to respond to privacy demands over time plenty of storage space ability to reduce home size when children leave potential to add seperate dwelling to plot in support of next generation or care of eldery parents access to garden/allotments

access to external play - private and shared public play spaces - connections with other families privacy Kindergartens plenty of storage space ability to reduce home size when children leave potential to add seperate dwelling to plot in support of next generation or care of eldery parents access to garden/allotments

DEMOGRAPHIC IN NEED OF GREATER FOCUS investments for the future - expandable plots - ability to grow home when developing as a family unit small private external space access to shared gardens or allotments large living space adaptable bedroom to incorporate extra bedrooms space to have guests space for working - small office/studio scenerio ability to reduce home size when children leave potential to add seperate dwelling to plot in support of next generation or care of eldery parents access to shared garden/allotments

privacy easy accessibility ability to expand or reduce home size based on circumstances - homes can be modified to accomodate illness or disabilities access to private garden/allotments proximity to extra care services pet friendly larger bathroom facilities - less flexible

DEMOGRAPHIC IN NEED OF GREATER FOCUS small private external space study space connection to other young adults access to shared external facilities/gardens/allotments compact living - ability to have guests ability to expand home for change in circumstance highly flexible internally

40

Eldery

Couples + Small Family

Singles +

Sharing +

Couples + Small family

Single + Couple

Large families +

Building Form and Systems 3.18 Unit Expansion and 'Homes for Life'

Unit Expansion The most valuable and expensive asset in cities is land, as the population of Stockholm increases alongside its popularity land prices will continue to rise and force the lower-middle income people and families from the city centre and their jobs and schools. This homes for life program and housing system aims to allow residents and developers to capitalise on the initial land investment by providing housing for people that they can occupy, enjoy and make their own through their entire lives, by providing the ability to expand homes based on family fluctuations or spatial requirements. As young people and couples suffer the greatest in Stockholm a large provision of units will be provided that have the capability to expand to family homes, when the occupants require them to and when they can afford. The units will be restricted in their expansion and this will be based on their location in the system and typology of the unit and the structural ability.

'Homes for life' additions

Resident consultation additions - based on requirements Units structural and service and connection zone

Entrance stagger zone

Elemental Precedent Central street/ circulation

Aravena provides residents with basic functional residential facilities and infrastructure, and provides space for residents to expand their homes when in need financially viable - resulting in a flexible and affordable social accommodation solution.

Elemental Alejandro Aravena in Mexico

System expansion and fluctuation

Baseline Accommodation

Resident Consultation Additions

https://desafinacion.wordpress.com/tag/arquitectura/

Eldery

'Homes for life' + Public Functions

Expansion and fluctuation of modules within the floor plan

41

Building Form and Systems 3.19 Master-plan Block Typologies

Block Typology

Single Stacked Typology

Staggered Typology

Linear Typology

Central Street Typology

Courtyard Typology

Tower Typology

42

Building Form and Systems 3.20 Demographics within Expanded Typology

• • • • •

5p 3b 92m²

• • •

• • • • • •

4p 2b 77m²

• • • • •

access to external play - private and shared public play spaces - connections with other families privacy Kindergartens large living space adaptable bedroom layouts to respond to privacy demands over time plenty of storage space access to garden/allotments ability to reduce home size when children leave

MIORE TYPICAL FAMILY SWEDDISH FAMILY SIZE access to external play - private and shared public play spaces - connections with other families privacy Kindergartens large living space adaptable bedroom layouts to respond to privacy demands over time plenty of storage space ability to reduce home size when children leave potential to add seperate dwelling to plot in support of next generation or care of eldery parents access to garden/allotments

• access to external play - private and shared public play access to external play - private and shared public play spaces - connections with other families spaces - connections with other families • privacy • privacy • Kindergartens • access to external play - private and shared public play • Kindergartens • large living space 5pfamilies 3b spaces - connections with other 3p 2b • plenty of storage space • adaptable bedroom layouts to respond to privacy • children privacyleave • ability to reduce home size when demands over time 92m² 62m² • • potential to add seperate dwelling toKindergartens plot in • plenty of storage space • large living space • support of next generation or care of eldery parents • access to garden/allotments 5p• 3baccess to garden/allotments • adaptable bedroom layouts to respond to privacy • ability to reduce home size when children leave demands over time 92m² • plenty of storage space • access to garden/allotments • ability to reduce home size when children leave • MIORE TYPICAL FAMILY SWEDDISH FAMILY SIZE DEMOGRAPHIC • access to external play - private• and shared public playIN NEED OF GREATER FOCUS accesspublic to external • access to external play - private• and shared play play - private and shared public play investments for the future - expandable plots - ability to spaces - connections with other• families spaces - connections with other families spaces - connections with other families grow home when developing as a family unit • privacy • privacy • privacy • small private external space • Kindergartens • MIORE TYPICAL FAMILY SWEDDISH FAMILY SIZE • Kindergartens • Kindergartens • access to shared gardens or allotments living space • access to external play - private •and shared publicspace play • large living space large living 2p•• 1b large • large living space adaptable bedroom layouts to respond to privacy 4p•families 2b adaptable bedroom layouts to respond 5p 3b spaces - connections with other • adaptable to privacybedroom layouts to respond to privacy • adaptable bedroom to incorporate extra bedrooms 47m² demands over time • privacy demands over time demands over time 77m² 92m² • space to have guests •• access to external play private and shared public play plenty of storage space • Kindergartens • plenty of storage space • plenty of storage space • space for working small office/studio scenerio spaces with other families • access -toconnections garden/allotments • large living space • ability to reduce home size when children leave • access to garden/allotments • ability to reduce home size when children leave 2bchildren leave •• privacy • adaptable bedroom layouts to respond to privacy ability to reduce home size4p when • potential to add seperate dwelling to plot in • ability to reduce home size when children leave • potential to add seperate dwelling to plot in • Kindergartens demands over time 77m² • support of next generation or care of eldery parents • support of next generation or care of eldery parents • large living space • plenty of storage space • access to garden/allotments • access to shared garden/allotments • adaptable bedroom layouts to respond to privacy • ability to reduce home size when children leave demands over time • potential to add seperate dwelling to plot in MIORE FAMILY SWEDDISH FAMILY SIZE •• plenty ofTYPICAL storage space MIORE TYPICAL • support of next generation or •care of eldery parentsFAMILY SWEDDISH FAMILY SIZE access public to garden/allotments external access to external play - private•• and access shared play play - private and shared public play to • access to external play - private and shared public play • access to garden/allotments spaces - connections with other• families spaces - connections with other families privacy spaces - connections with other families • ability to reduce home size when children leave • access to external play - private and shared public play • privacy privacy • easy accessibility • privacy spaces - connections with other families • Kindergartens Kindergartens • ability to expand or reduce home size based on • Kindergartens • privacy • large living space large living space circumstances - homes can be modified to accomo• large living space 2prespond • Kindergartens • 1b adaptable to privacy adaptable bedroom layouts to to privacybedroom layouts to respond date illness or disabilities 4p• 2b access to external play - private •and shared adaptable bedroom to privacy public play layouts to respond 3p 2b • MIORE TYPICAL FAMILY SWEDDISH FAMILY SIZE • plenty of storage space demands over time demands over time 47m² • access to private garden/allotments demands over time 77m² spaces connections with other families • access to external play private and shared public play • ability to reduce home size when children leave • plenty of storage space plenty of storage space 62m² • proximity to extra care services • • plenty of storage space privacy spaces connections with other families • potential to add seperate dwelling to plot in ability to reduce home size when children leave access to garden/allotments • • pet friendly • ability to reduce home size when children leave • Kindergartens •• privacy • support of next generation or care of eldery parents potential to add seperate dwelling plotbathroom in ability to reduce home size when children leave larger facilities - less flexible • potential to add seperate dwelling to plot in 3p• 2bto • plenty of storage space •• Kindergartens support of next generation or care of eldery parents to garden/allotments • children supportleave of next generation or•care access of eldery parents • ability to reduce home size when •• large living space 62m² access to garden/allotments • access to garden/allotments • potential to add seperate dwelling to plot in • adaptable bedroom layouts to respond to privacy • support of next generation or care of eldery parents demands over time MIORE TYPICAL FAMILY SWEDDISH FAMILY SIZE space • access to garden/allotments • plenty of storage access to external play - private• and ability shared to public playhome size when children leave • DEMOGRAPHIC IN NEED OF GREATER FOCUS reduce • access to external play - private and shared public play spaces - connections with other• families • investments for the future - expandable plots - ability to potential add seperate dwelling plot in • access toto external play - private and to shared public play access to external play - private and shared public play developing as a family unit spaces - connections with other •families privacy • DEMOGRAPHIC IN NEED OF GREATER FOCUS grow home when • support of next generation or care of eldery parents spaces - connections with other families spaces - connections with other•families • privacy Kindergartens • small private external space small private external space •• access privacy to garden/allotments • privacy Kindergartens large living space • DEMOGRAPHIC IN NEED OF GREATER FOCUS • study space • access to shared gardens or allotments • Kindergartens • 1b Kindergartens large living space 1prespond 1b adaptable bedroom layouts to to privacy • investments for the future - expandable plots - ability to • connection to other young adults 2p • large living space • plenty of storage space 5p• 3baccess to shared external facilities/gardens/allotments 3p• 2b grow •a family plenty of storage space adaptable layouts toas respond tounit privacy demands over time homebedroom when developing • adaptable bedroom to incorporate extra bedrooms 32m² • ability to reduce home size when children leave • ability to reduce home size when children demands overexternal time space 47m² plenty of storage space • small private 92m² • compact guests • space toleave have guests • potential to add seperate dwelling to plot inliving - ability to have62m² • potential to add seperate dwelling to plotfor in working - small office/studio scenerio plenty oftostorage ability to reduce home size when children • access shared-space gardens or allotments •and ability to expand in circumstance • space •• access toleave external play - private shared public play home for change support of next generation or care of eldery parents 2p 1bhighly flexible internally • support of next generation or•care ability of eldery parentshome size when children leave access to garden/allotments potential to add seperate dwelling spaces to plot in • large living space to reduce -toconnections with other families • access garden/allotments support of next generation or• careprivacy of eldery parents • adaptable bedroom to incorporate bedrooms • extra access to garden/allotments • ability to reduce home size when children leave potential to add seperate dwelling to plot in 47m² • space to have guests access to garden/allotments • • support of next generation or care of eldery parents Kindergartens • space for working - small office/studio scenerio • plenty of storage space • access to shared garden/allotments • ability to reduce home size when children leave • ability to reduce home size when children leave •• potential to add seperate dwelling toFAMILY plot in SIZE •• potential to add seperate to plotFOCUS in DEMOGRAPHIC IN NEED dwelling OF GREATER MIORE TYPICAL FAMILY SWEDDISH DEMOGRAPHIC IN NEED OF GREATER FOCUS next generation or •care of eldery parents • access to external playof - private •plots and access shared to external public play play •• support of next generation or care eldery parents investments for the future - expandable - ability to - private and shared public••play support access toofexternal play - private and shared public play spaces - connections with other families spaces - connections with other families • investments for the future expandable plots - ability to access to external play - private and shared public play • access shared garden/allotments • privacy as a family• unit privacy • privacy grow home when developing spaces to - connections with other families • access to garden/allotments grow home when developing as a family unit • Kindergartens • Kindergartens spaces - connections with other families • easy accessibility • small private external space • large living space • large living space • privacy 5p 3b 5p 3b• • small private external space adaptable bedroom layouts •to respond adaptable to privacy bedroom layouts to respond to privacy privacy • ability to expand or reduce home size based on • access to shared gardens or allotments • Kindergartens demands over time demands over time 92m² 92m² • access to shared gardens or allotments Kindergartens • plenty of storage space • plenty of storage space circumstances - homes can be modified to accomo• large living space living space • access to garden/allotments• access to garden/allotments 2p• 1b large 2p• 1b large living space plenty of storage space 2b privacy ability 4p to reduce home size • when ability children to reduce leave home size when children leave• date illness or disabilities • adaptable bedroom to •incorporate extra bedrooms • adaptable bedroom layouts to respond to privacy • adaptable bedroom to incorporate extra bedrooms ability to reduce home size when children leave • easy accessibility 47m² •• DEMOGRAPHIC IN NEED OF GREATER FOCUS 47m² • access to private garden/allotments space to have guests demands over time 77m² • size space to have guests potential to add seperate dwelling to plot in for the future • ability to expand or reduce home based on •• investments expandable plots ability to • proximity to extra care services • MIORE TYPICAL FAMILY SWEDDISH • MIORE FAMILY TYPICAL SIZE FAMILY SWEDDISH FAMILY SIZE space for working - small office/studio scenerio • plenty of storage space • modified spaceto foraccomoworking - small office/studio scenerio • access to external play - private • and access shared to external public play play - private and shared public play support of next generation or caregrow of eldery parents circumstances homes can be home when developing as a family unit • pet friendly • ability to reduce home size leave • ability to reduce home size when children leave spaces2p -when connections with other families spaces - connections with other families 1bchildren • ability to reduce home size when children leave • privacy • privacy date illness or disabilities access to garden/allotments •• small private external space • larger bathroom facilities - less flexible potential to add seperate dwelling to •plotKindergartens in • potential to add seperate dwelling to plot in • Kindergartens • potential to add seperate dwelling to plot in 47m² • large living space • large living space • access to private garden/allotments •• access shared gardens or allotments 4p 2b toof 4p 2b• support next generation orbedroom carelayouts of •toeldery parents support of next generation or care of eldery parents adaptable respond adaptable to privacy bedroom layouts to respond to privacy • support of next generation or care of eldery parents demands over time demands over time • proximity to extra care services • 77m² living space 77m² •• large access to shared garden/allotments • access to garden/allotments • plenty of storage space • plenty of storage space • access to shared garden/allotments pet friendly • ability to reduceextra home size • when ability children to reduce leave home size when children leave• • adaptable bedroom to incorporate bedrooms • potential to add seperate dwelling • potential to plottoinadd seperate dwelling to plot in • larger bathroom facilities - less flexible support of eldery of next parents generation or care of eldery parents • space to have guests • support of next generation• or care • access to garden/allotments• access to garden/allotments DEMOGRAPHIC IN NEED OF •GREATER spaceFOCUS for working - small office/studio scenerio investments for the future - expandable plotsto- ability •• ability reducetohome size when children leave privacy grow home when developing as• a family unit to add seperate dwelling to plot in • privacy potential • access to external play - private • and access shared to external public play play - private and shared public •play access to external play - private and shared public play easy accessibility • DEMOGRAPHIC IN NEED OF GREATER FOCUS small private external space •• spaces - connections with other families spaces - connections with other families • easy accessibility support next generation caresize of eldery spaces - connections with other families • privacyor • based privacy parents • ability toofexpand or reduce home on • small private access to shared gardens or allotments • ability to expand or reduce home size based onexternal space • Kindergartens • Kindergartens • access • privacy 3p 2b to shared- garden/allotments 3p 2b• plenty space • plenty of storage space circumstances homes canof storage be modified to accomo• modified study space large living space circumstances - homes can be to accomoability to reduce home size • when ability children to reduce leave home size when children leave 62m² 62m²• 2p• 1b Kindergartens date illness or disabilities • potential to add seperate dwelling • potential to plottoinadd seperate dwelling to plot in 1p 1b date illness or disabilities • connection to other young adults adaptable bedroom to incorporate extra bedrooms • support of next generation • or care support of eldery of next parents generation or care of eldery parents 3p 2b plenty of storage space • DEMOGRAPHIC IN NEED OF GREATER FOCUS • access to private garden/allotments • access to garden/allotments• access to garden/allotments • access to shared external facilities/gardens/allotments 47m² space to have guests • access to private garden/allotments 32m² abilityprivate to reduce home size when children leave • small external space • proximity compact living - ability to have guests 62m² space for working - small office/studio scenerioto extra care services • proximity to extra care services • •• privacy potential to add seperate dwelling to plot in • study space pet friendly • ability to expand home for change in circumstance ability to reduce home size when children leave • pet friendly • DEMOGRAPHIC IN NEED OF • GREATER DEMOGRAPHIC FOCUS IN NEED OF GREATER FOCUS 1pflexible 1b •• easy accessibility support of to next generation or care of eldery parents • connection other young adults larger -investments less • for the future - •expandable investments plots -for ability the to future - expandable plots - ability to potential to add seperate dwelling to plotbathroom in expandfacilities • larger bathroom facilities - less flexiblehighly flexible internally grow home when developing as agrow family home unit when developing as a family unit • ability to or reduce home size based on • access to shared external facilities/gardens/allotments garden/allotments 32m² • small private external space• small private external space support of next generation or carecircumstances of eldery parents • access shared gardens or• allotments access to shared gardens or allotments - homes can tobe modified to accomo• compact living ability to have guests 2p 1b 2p 1b• large living space • large living space access to shared garden/allotments date illness or disabilities • adaptable bedroom to incorporate • adaptable extra bedrooms bedroom to incorporate extra bedrooms • ability to expand home for change in circumstance •

5p 3b 92m²

5p 3b 92m² •

4800mm

5p 3b 92m²

4200mm

• • •

4p• 2b 77m²

3000mm • • •

4p 2b 77m² • •

4p 2b 77m²

• • • 3p• 2b

62m² • • • • •

3p 2b 62m² • •

3p 2b 62m²

2p• 1b • 47m² • • • •

2p 1b 47m² • •

2p 1b 47m²

• •

2p• 1b • 47m² •

• • • • 2p •1b

47m² • • •

2p 1b 47m²

1p 1b • 32m² • • •

1p 1b 32m²

1p 1b

• • • •

Accommodation Schedule

5400mm

4200mm

3600mm

Family unit

1 bedroom 2 bedroom 3 bedroom

Self contained Shared

sqm No. 40

65 80 80 120

Total

10 4 40

Initial Expansion

Single level self contained unit

Allotments Shared Gardens

Public Functions Crèche Restaurant/bar Cooking Schools Cafes Retail Market Space

Shared flat shared living

47m²

8 12 6

47m²

•

•

• access to private garden/allotments • space for working - small office/studio • spacescenerio for working - small office/studio scenerio highly flexible internally ability to reduce home size • when ability children to reduce leave home size when children leave • proximity to extra care ••services potential to add seperate dwelling • potential to plottoinadd seperate dwelling to plot in • support of next generation• or care support of eldery of next parents generation or care of eldery parents • DEMOGRAPHIC IN NEED OF GREATER FOCUS • pet friendly • access to shared garden/allotments • access to shared garden/allotments privacy • investments for the future - expandable plots - ability to • larger bathroom facilities - less flexible • DEMOGRAPHIC IN NEED OF GREATER FOCUS easy accessibility DEMOGRAPHIC IN NEED OF GREATER FOCUS grow home when developing as •a family unit • privacy • privacy • small private ability to expand or reduce home size based onexternal space • easy accessibility • easy accessibility • small private external space • small private external space • ability to expand or reduce • home ability size to based expand on or reduce home size based on • study space circumstances - homes can be modified to accomo• study space circumstances - homes can be circumstances modified to accomo- homes can be modified to accomo• access to shared gardens or allotments 2p 1b 2p 1b illness or disabilities date illness or disabilities • connection to other youngdateadults date illness or disabilities 1p• 1b large living space 1b • connection to other young adults 47m² 47m²• access2p to private garden/allotments • access to private garden/allotments • access to shared external facilities/gardens/allotments • proximity to extra care services • proximity to extra care services access to private garden/allotments • extra access to shared external facilities/gardens/allotments • adaptable bedroom to incorporate bedrooms • pet friendly • pet friendly 32m² 47m² compact living - ability • to have guests larger bathroom facilities - less • flexible larger bathroom facilities - less flexible proximity to extra care services • • compact living - ability to have guests • space to have guests • ability to expand home for change in circumstance pet friendly • ability to expand home for change in circumstance • space for working - small office/studio scenerio DEMOGRAPHIC IN NEED OF GREATER FOCUS highly flexible internally larger bathroom facilities - less •flexible • ability to reduce home size when children leave internally highly flexible • small private external space • potential to add seperate dwelling to plot in • study space • DEMOGRAPHIC IN NEED OF • GREATER DEMOGRAPHIC FOCUS IN NEED OF GREATER FOCUS • small private external space• small private external space • support of next generation or care of eldery parents • connection to other young adults • study space • study space 1p 1b 1p 1b• connection to other young adults • connection to other young adults • access to shared garden/allotments • access to shared external facilities/gardens/allotments • access to shared external facilities/gardens/allotments • access to shared external facilities/gardens/allotments 32m² 32m² compact living - ability to have compact living - ability to have guests • compact living - ability ••to have guests • guests ability to expand home for• change ability in circumstance to expand home - for change in circumstance highlychange flexible internally highly flexible internally • ability to expand home for in circumstance highly flexible internally DEMOGRAPHIC IN NEED OF GREATER FOCUS • privacy small private external space • easy accessibility study space • ability to expand or reduce home size based on connection to other young adults circumstances - homes can be modified to accomospace to have guests

7 6

80 150 300 100

1 3 3 1

10

12

space to have guests

43

Building Form and Systems 3.21 Accommodation and Spatial Arrangements GA Plans Typical Duplex Entrance Level 1:200

Up

Down

Down Down Up

44

Down

Building Form and Systems 3.21 Accommodation and Spatial Arrangements GA Plans Typical Duplex Bedroom Level 1:200

Up Up

Up

Down

Up

Down

45

Building Form and Systems 3.21 Accommodation and Spatial Arrangements GA Plans Typical Duplex Entrance Level 1:200

Down

Down Down

Up

46

Building Form and Systems 3.21 Accommodation and Spatial Arrangements GA Plans Top Floor Dining and Terraces 1:200

47

Building Form and Systems 3.21 Accommodation and Spatial Arrangements Roof Plan 1:200

ROOF FLOOR/SITE PLAN

48

Building Form and Systems 3.22 Accommodation and Spatial Arrangements Cross Section 1:200

Detail.01 Detail.04

Detail.05

Detail.02

Detail.03

Detail.06

Detail.08

Detail.07

49

Building Form and Systems 3.23 Accommodation and Spatial Arrangements Elevational Studies and Diagrammatic Section Cuts

50

51

Couples + Small Family

Eldery

Singles + Couples + Small Family

Eldery

Couples + + Couples Small Family Small family

Eldery Sharing +

Singles +

Building Form and Systems

Single + Couple Singles +

Single + Couple

Couples + Small family

Sharing +

Growing Family Tyology

3.24 Unit Catalogue

Single + Couple

Couples + Small family

Sharing + + Large families

Large families +

Single Floor Self Containted Typology

Eldery

Bar

Restaurant /Bar Terrace Bar

R

Down

Down

Down

Down

Down

Down

Down Down

Down Down

Down Down

Down

Down

Down

Down

Down

Down

Duplex Restaurant First Floor

Duplex Restaurant First Floor

Up

Down

Down Up

n

Down

Up

Bar

Bar

52 WINTER GARDEN ADDITION POSSIBLE

WINTERISSUE GARDEN ADDITION ACOUSTIC BETWEEN POSSIBLE PRIVATE AND PUBLIC

Couples + Small Family

Eldery

Eldery

Eldery

Singles +

Single + Couple

Couples + Small family

Sharing +

Large families +

Couples + Couples + Couples + Single + Couples Single + Single + Couples + Couples + FamilyEldery Singles + Small Family Small Singles Family +Small Singles Couple Large families +Couple family Sharing Couple + Sharing +SmallSharing +Large familiesSmall + family +Small family

Couple Typology Expansion for Children

Single Typology Expansion for Couple

Large families +

Family Typology

Down

Down Down

Up

Up

Bar

Bar

Bar

Restaurant /Bar Ter

Bar Up

Down

Down

Restaurant /Bar Terrace

Restaurant /Bar Terrace

Down

Down

Down

Down Down

Down

Down

Down Down

Down

Down

Down

Down

Down

Down

Down

Down

Down

Down

Down

Down

Down

Down

Down

Duplex Restaurant First Floor

Up

Duplex Restaurant First Floor

Duplex Restaurant First Floor Down

Duplex Restaurant First Floor Up

Up

Up

Bar

Bar

Bar

Bar

53 WINTER GARDEN ADDITION POSSIBLE

ACOUSTIC ISSUE BETWEEN PRIVATE AND PUBLIC

Building Form and Systems 3.25 Approach to Construction

Construction Strategy A superstructure can be established on site based on the pre-set structural grid, which will later inform the dimensions of the residential units.

Cafe Terrace

The structural grid will be based upon demographic requirements and/or site constraints.

This superstructure will require bracing and will act as large trusses. The truss structure will provide support for the modules, that will slot between the structural bays and be fixed to horizontal I -beam sections..

Cafe

Up

Up

Up

Play Deck

Each module will be fitted to the frame structure individual, removing the requirement for the CLT units to vary in structural depths, as they will b selfsupporting CLT construction. Lateral forces will be transferred across the CLT units and into the frame structure.

Up

The WC modules and staircases will be pre-installed into the steel framed structural module as a pre-set system for the incoming residential and public serving units.

Up

Up

Stores

Up

Up

Kitchen

1200mm 1200mm Structural Grid Duplex Restaurant Ground Floor

The entire scheme is laid out on a standardised 1200mm x 1200mm gird (with exception from the widths of the spines). This is to fit with standardised material panels and products - reducing waste and increasing build and material efficiency.

Eldery

54

Building Form and Systems 3.25 The System Approach to Construction

Self

supporting

primary

double

column spine structures

Prefabricated

lightweight

staircase

and WC modules

Prefabricated CLT inserted into connected to

modular units superstructure structure and

preinstalled services

55

Building Form and Systems 3.26 Material Research

Modular Steel Superstructure Steel presents the best construction material for the structural spines that will act as the superstructure for this proposal. Steel can be prefabricated and components can be standardised to produce an efficieent structural system of parts. The specification of this material was inspired by the rapid construction of residential towers in China using a standardised prefabricated set of steel column and floor plate compents, that stacked and fixed together on site. The parts are fabricated in a protected and safe working factory environment, eliminating the majority of risks from the construction site. Assembly is quick and all services are embedded within the floor plates. This system provides for a quick construction time however requires a longer design process and a deeper understanding of prefrabrication and the ability of steel.

T30 Hotel by Broad Sustainable Building

56

Building Form and Systems 3.26 Material Research

Timber Construction Timber has historically been the main construction material in Scandanvia, and only until recently is technology challenging the material to be able to build large residential towers. There a few notable projects currently under discussion and review in Stockholm that are made predominantly from timber, - projects which are set to challenge the perception of timber construction and encourage its dominance of the indusrty to return.

The Strandparken Apartments From Swedish architecture office WingĂĽrdhs is an eight-storey residential building constructed entirely from wood in the Stockholm suburb of Sundbyberg and was designed for property developer Folkhem, who was keen to explore the potential of sustainable multi-occupancy housing.

Wooden Skyscraper Berg | C.F. Møller Architects are working in partnership with architects Dinell Johansson and consultants TyrÊns and have designed a 34-storey residential building, which will be seen for miles. The building will be built over a wooden construction with a concrete core, and it is intended to give the people of Stockholm a new and characteristic beacon and meeting place in their city.

57

Building Form and Systems 3.27 Approach to Servicing

Servicing Strategy The defined structural spines provide the vertical services required for each of the units. Gas, electric, telecommunication services are established in the indicated core locations. These locations provide the vertical distribution as well as a standardised horizontal connection points for each of the prefabricated units upon installation into the structural system, regardless of typology.

Cafe Terrace

Cafe

Up

The specific connecting module in the overall prefabricated unit has been indicated and can remain consistent throughout the system. This centralised module will then provided the horizontal distribution within the unit, built within the suspended floor.

Established floor connections will be established based on the location of the prefabricated kitchen and the required electrical outlets.

Up

Play Deck

Up

Couples + Small Family

Eldery

Singles +

Single + Couple

Couples + Small family

Sharing +

Large families +

Up

Up

Stores

Up

Up

The suspended floor distribution system will allow for easy access for maintenance and for modification to the system in order to allow for unit expansion. As the duplex unit is a combination of the prefabricated modules, each level will be connected to the vertical distribution independently - this is to allow for thorough flexibility within the system. If the specific service is not required it is simply bypassed on installation.

Up

Kitchen

Duplex Restaurant Ground Floor

Typical Communal Floor

Key

Bar

Vertical distribution and connection to module

Eldery

Restaurant /Bar Terrace

Down

Down

Down

Prefabricated service connecting module

Kitchen positions

Down

Down

Down

Duplex Restaurant First Floor

Bar

Typical Bedroom Floor

58

Building Form and Systems 3.27 Approach to Servicing Service Spines

Service Spines The structural spines also act as a service spines that provide a coherent and adaptable solution to mirror and also facilitate the adaptability of the modular units that the system will house. Vertical services exist in nodes amongst the structure and provide horizontal connection and distribution points for the incoming prefabricated modules to connect to.

WC, shower units, bath units are all prefabricated and can be placed within the structural system as a preset system for the incoming units. The stacking of these facilities enables the housing units a lot more free flexible habitable space.

Laundry units

Prefabricated stair module

Prefabricated bathroom module

Down

Down

Prefabricated showe room module

Prefabricated WC module

Wintergarden

59

Building Form and Systems 3.27 Sequence of Connection to the Service Spines

1 Units lifted into position

2

Structurally fixed

3

Airtightness sealed

4

Services connected

5

Thermal envelope continued

60

Building Form and Systems 3.28 Approach to Servicing Site Wide Strategy Site Wide Strategy

The service spines act as dictators of the schemes possible extension across the site. The ambition would be to allow the urban development to expand along a series of axis and allow the expansion to remain connected in order to provide a comprehensive service system. Much of the servicing would exist above ground to improve access and ease of maintenance, and the services, as well as the framed structure with become the visual veins of the project - the visible workings of the development.

Some of the spines will connect into identified central nodes - that will form centralised plants for the site as the system grows, providing comprehensive waste and water recycling systems, as well as power and heat generation systems.

61

Building Form and Systems 3.28 Circulation Strategy

Circulation Strategy Access to all floors is achieved by two vertical cores containing a lift that is large enough to act as a service lift when required for the relevant functions.

Cafe Terrace

The stairs meet Part M & Part K requirements for access and are a mim. of 1100mm wide. These centralised cores provide access onto an open street format that cuts through the structural spines and provide access to the front doors of all the duplex units and relevant public facilities.

Cafe

Up

Up

Up

Play Deck

The main vertical cores only provide access to every other floor. The alternate floors are accessed by the private unit stair modules.

Couples + Small Family

Eldery

Singles +

Single + Couple

Couples + Small family

Sharing +

Large families +

Up

Up

Stores

Up

Up

Vertical circulation also occurs in the structural spines - these prefabricated stair modules provide access to the first floors of the duplexes were they occur. All of these stairs remain private and are accessed from within each unit. The removal of this space consuming element into the spines - provides an more flexible unit floor plate. Each staircase is designed to fit between the structural columns with landings at the top and bottom of each flight.

Up

Kitchen

Duplex Restaurant Ground Floor

Typical Communal Floor

Key

Bar

Main Vertical Circulation Cores

Eldery

Restaurant /Bar Terrace

Down

Down

Down

Lift Cores

Prefabricated Vertical Circulation Module for units - from door to first floor

Down

Down

Down

Public Vertical Circulation Module

Duplex Restaurant First Floor

Bar

Typical Bedroom Floor

62

Building Form and Systems 3.29 Access and Accessibility Strategy

Access and Accessibility Front doors are provided to each unit off the centralised street. Access to each unit is achieved on every other floor.

Cafe Terrace

Access to each core is monitored and can only be accessed by residents once public functions are closed. The open nature of the central street provides good visibility and surveillance between the units the intentions is to create a social internal street that weaves between the structure and the units.

Cafe

Up

Up

Up

Play Deck

Access and main circulation routes all meet Part M requirements to ensure a fully inclusive design. Units without internal unit stairs are provided on each accessible floor - to provide homes for the disabled, ambulant disabled or elderly.

Up

Single + Couple

Couples + Small family

Sharing +

Large families +

Stores

Up

Up

Bicycle storage is provided at the entrance to every unit.

Singles +

Up

The width of main circulation routes also cater for the width of people walking bicycles.

Couples + Small Family

Eldery

Up

Access to Part M WC’s are provided within all public units.

Kitchen

Duplex Restaurant Ground Floor

Typical Communal Floor

Key

Bar

Main Vertical Circulation Cores

Eldery

Restaurant /Bar Terrace

Down

Down

Down

Lift Cores

Accessible public facilities

Down

Down

Down

Part M compliant facilities and unit typology Duplex Restaurant First Floor

Bicycle storage Unit Entrances

Bar

Typical Bedroom Floor

63

Building Form and Systems 3.30 Acoustics and Daylighting Strategy

Acoustics Strategy The prefabricated CLT units will provide a high degree of soundproofing between neighbouring units. The independent structural spines provide a strong physical gap to prevent the travel of contact sounds.

The physical distance will also benefit the units that are adjacent to public functions, however addition acoustic insulation can be provided within the spines to improve performance. Acoustic insulation will be provided within the internal and intermediate floors to reduce vertical sound travel.

Cafe Terrace

Cafe

Up

Up

Up

Play Deck

Up

Daylighting Strategy Couples + Small Family

Eldery

Singles +

Single + Couple

Couples + Small family

Sharing +

Large families +

Up

Up

Stores

Up

Up

To improve the penetration of light into the central street space voids have been cut in the floor plates in various location. The vertical spines can also provide additional captured light using the spines as light catchers, with high reflective interiors, to reflect and disperse captured light at roof level down to the lower levels. The voids that exist in the spines between units can also provide this indirect light to units that have translucent glazing panels.

Kitchen

Duplex Restaurant Ground Floor

Typical Communal Floor

Key

Bar

Acoustic Barriers

Restaurant /Bar Terrace

Down

Down

Down

Daylighting Shafts and Voids

Eldery

Down

Down

Down

Duplex Restaurant First Floor

Bar

Typical Bedroom Floor

64

Building Form and Systems 3.31 Means of Escape Strategy

Means of Escape Due to the desired flexible nature of the proposal, it was vital to initially establish escape distances that complied with Part B regulations, in order to ensure that the adaptable and expandable system still provided a successful means of escape strategy. There are two escape cores concealed within the internal street, that allow for the escape distances to stretch to 18m, which has been indicated.

Cafe Terrace

Cafe

Up

All prefabricated units should provide a min. of 30 min fire protection, with the cores providing min. 60min.

Up

Up

Play Deck

Refuge points have been provided in the protected stairwells and one core could become a dedicated fire fighting core if required.

Up

The final exits of the building will be on the ground floor with the spines containing the core providing a protected exit to the designated fire assembly points.

Singles +

Single + Couple

Couples + Small family

Sharing +

Large families +

Up

Couples + Small Family

Eldery

Up

Stores

Up

Up

Kitchen

Duplex Restaurant Ground Floor

Typical Communal Floor

Key

Min. 60 min Fire Rated Vertical Circulation Cores

Bar

Eldery

Down

Down

Down

Lift Cores

Restaurant /Bar Terrace

Accessible Refuge Min. FD60 Main Exit Fire Doors Down

Down

Down

Directions of Escape

18m Radial Distance

Duplex Restaurant First Floor

Bar

Min. 30 min Fire Rated Walls Min. FD30 Unit Entrances

Typical Bedroom Floor

65

66

Main Focus 30%

4.0

THE BUILDING FABRIC Modular Construction and Servicing

67

Building Form and Systems 4.01 Exploded Axonometric Timber frame canopy with glazing

Green roofs

CLT Modules

Metal deck internal streets

Modular steel superstructure

Prefabricated and preinstalled WC pods

Modular stair and lift cores

Metal deck public podium

Ground floor CLT units

Metal deck allotment build ups

Concrete basment plant room

Geothermal piles

68

Building Form and Systems 4.02 Construction Sequence

1

On site demolition works of exisitng buildings

2

4

Modular prefabricated streel framed stair/lift cores lifted, stacked and fized in place

5

7

Prefabricated CLT residential modules lift and fixed into place

8

Groundworks -geothermal pile foundations installed with plant room basement

Remaining modular steel frameworks lifted,

stacked and fixed - contained preinstalled services and prefabricated WC and stair pods

Timber roof canopy and additional roof structures added - final waterproofing and thermal additions - cladding added

3

Ground floor steel structure fixed to foundations - ground floor CLT units installed

6

Prefabricated metal deck internal streets lift and fixed into place. Allotment deck structure added

9

Steel framed louvre facade lift and bolted to superstructure

69

Elevational and Structural Study Model

70

Building Form and Systems 4.03 Material Research CLT

Why CLT CLT has been selected for the main construction material of the residential units because of its many lantent qualities. Despite being its strength to weight ratio being worse that steel, CLT offers a much more environmentally friendly material, that can be locally sourced and produced in Sweden. It is also has relatively high insulative qualities and with 3 layers, CLT becomes an airtight material. The major benefit of CLT is its ability to act structurally whilst providing a favourable exposed internal finish. The system also also for the build up to be a warm frame, ensuring thermal continuity around the whole structure. CLT is also quick to produce and assemble. This proposals utilises the material to its potential by working with the recommended board sizes, in order to reduce any waste and excess costs.

Panel Surface Quality Wood as a natural material is highly varied in its structure and has many natural characteristics. Often such characteristics can impair its visual appearance.

Common visual characteristics are knots, annual rings and fissures. The surface appearance of crosslaminated timber panels is dependent on the surface type specified: • Domestic Visual Quality (Wsi) • Industrial Visual Quality (Isi) • Non-Visual Quality (Nsi) and the outer lamella direction i.e. TT or TL. The surface appearance of Wsi panels is of sufficient quality to be left exposed internally, should it be required, but the Nsi is manufactured as a non-visual panel which should not be left exposed. As standard, Wsi and Isi visual surface finishes are only available on one side.

Domestic Visual Quality (Wsi) For TT panels the outer lamella are perpendicular to the manufactured panel length and are generally used as wall elements. For TL panels the outer lamella are parallel to the manufactured panel length and are generally used as floor and roof elements. Depending on the orientation of the outer lamella (TT or TL panels), the outer lamella may be finger-jointed. The width of the boards in the outer lamella of TL panels may vary from 80 to 120mm. The outer lamella of TT panels are formed from boards < 80 mm wide which are then edge glued to form boards up to 1200 mm wide. The outer lamella of TT and TL panels are visually selected to have minimum defects.

Chosen layer structure

Information from: http://www.clt.info/en/wp-content/uploads/sites/6/2013/07/01-CLT-Standard-Designs.pdf

71

The Building Fabric 4.04 Structural System - Distribution of Loads

The modularised steel frame components, when stacked and bolted together, form a substain double column trussed structural spine. The CLT residential units are craned into location and lowered to rest and be fixed to the horizontal I-sections spanning between the double columns. The CLT therefore only have to support their own dead load and the live load of its residents which can be limited. The vertical and

horizontal loads of the units span on ground floor, relying on steel the steel L-plate detail connection to transfer the loads into the superstructure. CLT units at the top of the scheme may need addtional structure depending on projected live loads on terraces above.

72

The Building Fabric 4.05 Structural System -Structural Module Component

Module Insertion

The building unit

SHS splice connection detail

Structural modular component containing services and WC/access pods

73

The Building Fabric 4.06 Unit Connection to Structural Spines

CLT module with steel connection detail preinstalled

CLT module lifted into place

CLT module lowered between spines

CLT module bolted to superstructure

CLT wall build-up 18mm weatherboard 200mm mineral wool insulation 140 CLT L5 panel

Steel hinge welded to L plate and rotation Projecting steel plate Lock plate welded to L-plate Steel bracket and bolt fixings Steel L plate with 100mm packed insulation Horizontal I-beam 203mm x 133mm CLT floor build-up

Hinge steel detail

10mm floor finish 45mm screed Seperating layer 40 mm impact sound insulation 100mm service void packed with mineral wool insulation between horizontal timbers Notched 150mm CLT floor panel 130mm mineral wool insulation Vapor barrier Ventilated zone with 38mm timber battens 18mm Norwary spruce horizontal timber cladding

74

The Building Fabric 4.06 Unit Connection to Structural Spines

The Installation Process The hinge detailed is preinstalled to the L-plate that runs along the length of the CLT modules in 4 strategic locations on either side. When the unit is lowered in between the 2 structural spines, the hinge folds the steel plate away, in order for the unit to clear the upper sets of horizontal I-beams.

When lowered into place, a construction worker can manually turn the plates on their hinges, to project out over the tolerance zone and the spines horizontal I-beam. The lock detail ensures the plates fixed rotation. The projecting plates can either rest under the load or be bolted to the I-beam.

Closed

Open

CLT wall build-up 150mm x 150mm SHS Steel L plate Steel hinge welded to L -plate and rotation Lock plate welded to L-plate Projecting steel plate Steel bracket and bolt fixings Horizontal I-beam 203mm x 133mm

1:20 Hinge detail

CLT wall build-up Notched CLT floor panel over L plate Steel L plate

1:10 Hinge detail Steel hinge welded to L plate and rotation Lock plate welded to L-plate Projecting steel plate Horizontal I-beam 203mm x 133mm 150mm x 150mm SHS and splice detail

1:50 Hinge steel detail locations in plan

75

Detail.01

The Building Fabric Structural System 1:50 Section

Detail.02

Detail.03

76

The Building Fabric 4.07 Typical 1:10 Details Detail.01

Unit floor and wall build up Aluminium flashing 18mm Norway spruce cladding boards Ventilated zone with 38mm timber 18mm weatherboard Vapour barrier 200mm mineral wool insulation 140 CLT L5 panel 100mm steel gutter channel to falls - fixed to parapet structure with mesh filter above 350m - 400mm tapered rigid insulation to falls 50 mm peripheral gravel 80 mm vegatation layer 140 CLT ceiling panel - attached to vertical wall with gasket seal

Detail.02

Connection to structure plus ground floor (see sequencing)

150mm x 150mm SHS CLT wall build up 18mm Norway spruce cladding boards Ventilated zone with 38mm timber 18mm weatherboard Vapour barrier 200mm mineral wool insulation 140 CLT L5 panel Intermediate floor build up 10mm floor finish 45mm screed Seperating layer 15 mm impact sound insulation 100mm service void packed with mineral wool insulation between horizontal timbers Notched 150mm CLT floor panel 60 mm skirting board 140 CLT ceiling panel - attached to vertical wall with gasket seal

Detail.03

Unit floor and wall build up CLT wall build up 18mm Norway spruce cladding boards Ventilated zone with 38mm timber 18mm weatherboard Vapour barrier 200mm mineral wool insulation CLT floor build up 10mm floor finish 45mm screed Seperating layer 40 mm impact sound insulation 100mm service void packed with mineral wool insulation between horizontal timbers Notched 140 CLT L5 floor panel over L plate 200 mm mineral insulation Vapour barrier 18 mm weatherboard Hinge Detail Steel L plate Steel hinge welded to L plate and rotation Lock plate welded to L-plate Projecting steel plate Horizontal I-beam 203mm x 133mm 150mm x 150mm SHS and splice detail

77

The Building Fabric Structural System 1:50 Section

Detail.04

Detail.05

Detail.06

78

The Building Fabric 4.07 Condtional Details Detail.04

Alltoment Parapet Aluminium flashing above a 6mm steel plate channel to bridge void sealed with vapour barrier Void 150 mm SHS column behind Wall build up 18mm weatherboard Vapour barrier wrapped over parapet 200mm mineral wool parapet insulation 18 mm weatherboard Ventilated zone with 38mm timber 18mm Norway spruce cladding boards Roof build up 100mm steel gutter channel to falls - fixed to parapet structure with mesh filter above 350m - 400mm tapered rigid insulation to falls 18 mm weatherboard Vapour barrier Root barrier 150 mm gravel filter 350 mm growing medium 140 CLT ceiling panel - attached to vertical wall with gasket seal

Detail.05

Water gutter and Greenhouse Deck 150 mm SHS column behind Roof build up 30 mm timber deck baords 30 mm timber batten floor structure Adjustable decking support pads 18 mm weatherboard 350m - 400mm tapered rigid insulation to falls Vapour barrier 18 mm weatherboard 133 mm x 203 mm I beam 100mm steel gutter channel to falls - fixed to roof structure with mesh filter above 110 mm structural metal deck with screed infill 50 mm rigid floor insulation 30 mm timber floor finish Single glazed aluminium framed glazed door - attached to metal fins 140 CLT ceiling panel - attached to vertical wall with gasket seal

Detail.06

Crèche Stair and Gutter Detail

150 mm SHS column behind Intermediate floor pod build up Steel framed access stair bolted to steel C channels Profiled stair treads Flashing and vapour layer to underside of stairs C channels attached to horizontal I beam below 30 mm timber deck baords 133 mm x 203 mm I beam 100mm steel gutter channel to falls - fixed to parapet structure with mesh filter above 30 mm timber deck baords 30 mm timber batten floor structure Adjustable decking support pads 18 mm weatherboard 350m - 400mm tapered rigid insulation to falls Vapour barrier 140 mm CLT ceiling panel

79

The Building Fabric 4.07 Unit Connection with Ground Detail.07

Ground Floor Junction 1:20

1

3 4 5

6

2

7

Wall build up

1

18mm weatherboard Vapour barrier wrapped over parapet 200mm mineral wool parapet insulation 18 mm weatherboard Ventilated zone with 38mm timber 18mm Norway spruce cladding boards

Ground floor build up

2

3 4

150mm ventilated cavity 250 mm Jetfloor Lo beam and EPS block floor with 75 mm reinforced screed over Vapour layer overlapping in wall build up 50mm insulation 10 mm floor finish DPC 150 mm above ground level Ventilator to under floor space

5 6

Aircrete edge block

7

Pile foundation to engineer's specfication

SHS (behind) bolted to concrete foundation

80

The Building Fabric 4.07 Market Stall Section

Detail.08

Market Stall 1:25

6

5

5

4

4

2 1 Podium Floor 400 mm structural metal deck with concrete infill Exposed concrete finish 100 mm concrete upstand to market pods

133 mm x 203 mm I beam Service zone Folding Market Pods 50 mm SHS framed panel construction with 18mm Norway spruce cladding boards - panel width 1200 mm Steel rail track system with hydraulic system Horziontal services above on perforated service tray Market stall to be configured to vendorâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s requirements

The interior of Fabios Restaurant, located in Vienna, Austria, is also amazing. The project, developed by BEHF Architekten, also included a bar and lounge for high-standard clientele.

81

The Building Fabric 4.08 Thermal Envelope

1

CLT module build up 18mm weatherboard Vapour barrier 200mm mineral wool insulation 140 CLT L5 panel

2

WC pod build up

1 2

3

18mm weatherboard Vapour barrior 150 mm mineral wool insulated timber frame 50mm acoustic insulation Breather membrane 12. mm fire rated plasterboard 12.5 mm plasterboard

3

Groove in CLT

4

Aluminium frame bi-folding door

5

150 mm highly insulative EPS panel insert 12.5 mm plasterboard finish

5

6

10mm floor finish 45mm screed Seperating layer 40 mm impact sound insulation 100mm service void packed with mineral wool insulation between horizontal timbers 140 mm CLT ceilng panel

7

4

Highly insulative EPS floor panel insert - finish to run flush with adjoing module finishes

7

6

82

The Building Fabric 4.08 Thermal Envelope

Due to the construction strategy, a fundamental thermal break in the envelope occurs at the threshold points between the CLT units and the WC pods.

This gap is bridged as part of the final stages of construction with a made-to-fit thermal insert. This 2 stage procedure, involving a floor insert and then the wall and door insert is done after the services have been connected

Terrace wall build up detail - continuos thermal line - vapour wrapped around insulation and lapped under door frame

Timber frame thermal line

2

door

continuing

the

1

5

4

5

83

The Building Fabric 4.09 Fabric Continuity Windtightness, Airtightness and Vapour Barriers

84

The Building Fabric 4.09 Fabric Continuity Windtightness, Airtightness and Vapour Barriers Large-format panels (up to 2.95 m x 16 m) therefore few building component joints and thus fewer joints to be sealed.

As a rule, no additional membranes are required on the inside of the room. Simple, reliable joint or butt joint sealing by means of compressible preformed gasket is possible. With 3 layers and more, CLT panels are â&#x20AC;&#x153;airtightâ&#x20AC;? but not vapour proof. This means that CLT is permeable and the adhesive bonds form vapour barriers for the insulation plane. Just like any other construction system, CLT must be protected from permanent moisture.

CLT regulates the inside air. When there is higher ambient humidity, CLT absorbs the moisture and releases it again when the level of humidity decreases.

CLT can also be described as a moisture variable vapour barrier. It is more permeable in the summer, when temperatures are high and the air humid, than in the winter when temperatures are cold and the air is drier.

Airtight seal require around the base of SHS columns Gasket seals

85

Down

The Building Fabric

4.10 Service Spines WC/Access Modules Build Up and Components

Down

Wall Build-up 18mm weatherboard Vapour barrior 150 mm mineral wool insulated timber frame 50mm acoustic insulation Breather membrane 25 mm service void with timber battens 12. mm fire rated plasterboard 12.5 mm plasterboard

Timber frame construction - WC/ wash partion, shower partion , laundry partion - timber frame windows installed

Intergrated vertical and horizontal services - fresh water, greywater, electricity, communications input, waste water output Intergrated rainwater downpipes

Prefabricated and installed timber frame staircase with customisable landing finishes and handrail

Installed WC/wash room, shower pod and laundry room customisable fittings and finishes - standard pipe connections

86

The Building Fabric 4.10 Service Spines Prefabricated Service Routes and Connections

87

The Building Fabric 4.11 Service Spines Connection Connection Services at Accessible Threshold

1

Preinstalled services within CLT unit and WC pod - require connecting - access provide within door thresholds

2

Connection of services can completed on site, and connected using a coupling system

2

AquaFast Coupling Systems

3

Once the services have been connected the thermal floor insert can be placed between the threshold

4

The made-to-fit wall and door insert is then fitted thermally seal the door connections

5

Final floor and wall finishes are then applied to conceal the connections

http://www.vikingjohnson.com/en/product/aquafast/ aquafast-coupling/technical-specifications

Concealed and Preinstalled Services The prefabricated units will have all horizontal services concealed in the suspended floor voids. All electrical cabling can be embedded with the CLT wall panels depending on resident room configurations.

88

The Building Fabric 4.12 Structural Spines Space Efficiency and Adaptability

Down

Down

Standard WC and Shower Module Wet space within the wall depth - bathroom rooms storage

Secure Cycle Storage Down Down Up

Greenhouse Units

Down

Accessible WC Provision in Public Functions

89

The Building Fabric 4.13 Solar Lourves Solar Shading Structure Bolted Connection - pre-installed L- bracket, bolted to superstructure - tertiary steel rail track bolted to L-plate during installation

Adjustable Timber Louvres - horizontal timber louvres attached to a frame steel frame structure, in order to follow molded steel track system

Motorised Curtain Rail System - steel rail track is pre-fabricated and standardised to meet widths of units.

- control system is located within the depth of the below units roof build up - accessible for maintenance via removable access panel

Adjustable, Responsive and Dynamic Facade An adjustable, responsive and dynamic facade to meet the solar shading and privacy requriments of the residents, which can vary from unit to unit, resulting in a potentially constantly fluctuating facade, that responds to internal temperatures and comforts of residentsm whislt reflecting usage and privacy of roof terraces and balconies. The system will be controlled individually by each resident, as part of the education of energy efficiecny and building thermal comfort

90

Couples + Small Family

Eldery

Singles +

Single + Couple

Couples + Small family

Sharing +

Large families +

The Building Fabric 4.14 Fireproofing Preventing the Spread of Fire

Fireproofing & CLT CLT components with high fire resistance can be produced with multiple layer CLT elements. For example, with a non-clad, three-layer CLT element, the fire resistance REI 60 is already obtained, and with a CLT element clad with a single layer of plasterboard, the fire resistance REI 90 is obtained. In principle, increased requirements for fire resistance can be compensated by the following measures: • • •

Increase the thickness of the CLT element Increase the number of layers of the CLT element Apply the corresponding cladding

Cafe Terrace

Cafe

Up

Up

Up

Play Deck

L5s 140mm CLT structure selected, which has a latent fire resistance of REI90, removing the need for fire rated plasterboard - preserving the internal wood finish. During the factory installation, it is therefore important to ensure all connections between CLT panels are made properly.

Up

The junctions between CLT unit and WC module will contain 12.5mm fire rated plasterboard to protect this junction.

Up

Up

Stores

Up

Up

The nature of the structure itself acts as a barrier to the spread of fire as the residential units are only not physically connected to any other modular residential unit - only its serving WC/access pod.

The access doors to each flat will have a fire rating of REI90 and access is provided to two stair cores, with no travel distance exceeding 18m.

Kitchen

Duplex Restaurant Ground Floor

To achieve Building Regulations it is necessary to fire protect the modular structural steel. This is to ensure that should a fire occur that the structural integrity is maintained for a set period, typically between 30 and 90 mins. An intumenscent coating will be applied as the majority of the steel work is visually exposed.

Min. 60 min Fire Rated Vertical Circulation Cores

Lift Cores Accessible Refuge Min. FD60 Main Exit Fire Doors Eldery

Directions of Escape

18m Radial Distance

Char layer of an 80 mm CLT element, originally clad with fire protection plasterboard, after a large-scale fire test. Image found at: http://www.clt.info/

Min. 30 min Fire Rated Walls Min. FD30 Unit Entrances

91

15%

5.0

TEMPERING THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT 92

Tempering the Built Environment 5.01 Stockholm Environment

Environmental Requirements and Data Latitude: 59.3294° N, Longitude: 18.0686° E Time zone: UTC-3 hours Country: Sweden Continent: Europe The climate in Sweden is typically temperate in the south of the country. This means it has cold, cloudy winters and cool, partly cloudy summers. For Stockholm in January the daily average maximum temperatures is 1 degrees Celsius (33° Fahrenheit) with the average minimum -4 degrees Celsius (24 ° Fahrenheit), while in June the average maximum is 20°C (60°F) with a minimum of 10°C (50°F). The wettest month for Stockholm is September, while the driest month is January.

Average Monthyl Hours of Sunshine over a Year

Average Monthyl Precipitation over the Year (Rainfall, Snow)

Snow The likelihood of snow falling is highest around January 29, occurring in 50% of days. The season in which it is relatively likely for snow to fall spans from November 1 to April 12.

Average Monthyl Rainy Days over the Year

Probability of Snow Fall Being Reported in a Given Day

Average Minumium and Maximum Temperature over the Year

Prevailing Wind Direction

Probability of Snow Fall Being Reported in a Given Day

Date found at: http://www.weather-and-climate.com/average-monthly-Rainfall-Temperature-Sunshine,Stockholm,Sweden

93

Tempering the Built Environment 5.02 Food Strategy Overview

Single + Couple

+ ily

Large families +

EATING

COMPOST LABOUR

EATING

COMPOST EDUCATION

Bar

Restaurant /Bar Terrace

Down

Closed Loop Food System Food can be produced at particular times of the year within the dedicated allotment spaces above the podium level. Food can also be grown in the greenhouse spaces all year round. The growth of food on site is to encourage a step towards a closed loop food cycle, where the residents can sustain themselves within a high density block. The grown food can also have a direct relationship with the systems restaurants, cooking schools and cafes. There will also be the option to sell produce within one of the market stalls, in order to provide revenue for some residents.

Down

Down

The type of foods that can be grown are depandant on their resilience to the cold as well as the capacity of the structural deck and the soil build up (seen in the table to the far right).

Duplex Restaurant First Floor

Bar

94

Tempering the Built Environment 5.03 Rainwater Strategy Overview

Rainwater Strategy Rainwater will be caught and drained on the roof terraces and the flow will be directed to the service spines and will be drained vertically in the identified collection nodes.

As is the case for service connections, each stacked prefrabricated unit will drain rainwater independently - to allow for the stacking and staggered nature of the system and prevent the need for any extra downpipes.

All drainage channels will be intergrated in the prefabricated roof terrace components that will be fitted after the residential units are in place - as part of the final waterproofing layer.

All rainwater captured and successfully drained will be harvested and recycled to be used and distributed within the residential system for WC flushing, laundry and garden watering and can contribute to the heating system if viable.

95

Tempering the Built Environment 5.04 The System Water and Wastewater Removal Water Strategy Clean water is vertically distributed using the same strategy as the other services discussed above. This be provided directly to the pre-installed shower and wash basin units. The kitchen sink will require connecting to the horizontal system as detailed above.

Bar

Restaurant /Bar Terrace

Vertical distribution and connection to module Down

Down

Down

Prefabricated service connecting module

Prefabricated WC, shower/bath units positions

Down

Down

Down

Duplex Restaurant First Floor

Bar

Pre-installed services for upper floor - to enable duplex flexibility

WINTER GARDEN ADDITION POSSIBLE

ACOUSTIC ISSUE BETWEEN PRIVATE AND PUBLIC

Eldery

Laundry - greywater output recycling

Kitchen - greywater output recycling

Shower - greywater output recycling

Basin - greywater output for recycling

WC - greywater input - sewage output to mains sewer

Clean water

Greywater

96

Tempering the Built Environment 3.05 The System Wastewater Recycling

Waster water Strategy Prefabricated WC units, shower units, bath units and laundry units have been distributed and vertically stacked within the service spine as a pre-set provision for the incoming residential units.

The location and stacking of all residential and public WC within the service spine allows for direct connection to the vertical distribution, removing the need for extensive horizontal distribution. The WC location and their allocated vertical distribution nodes have been identified.

WCâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s and laundry units will use recycled grey water collected and recycled within the bath/shower module - overflow is taken away to centralised plant.

Recycled grey water will also be used and stored for watering gardens/allotments.

Typical Bedroom Floor

97

Building Form and Systems 5.06 Waste Removal and Recycling

ENVAC Waste Disposal and Resident Composting Down

1. The waste is thrown into a disposal chute. It is possible to extend the system by adding more inlets, e.g. inlets for more fractions.

Down

2. Containers are emptied one at a time and the process is computer controlled.

3. All waste is sucked through the same system of pipes at a speed of 90 km/h.

4. A vacuum pump creates the pressure that conveys the waste via the docking point to the vehicle.

5. The air is passed through filters to remove any impurities before being expelled outdoors.

This process removes the need to provide access for heavy duty vehicles into the heart of a residential development. Residents will also be encouraged to collect their own food waste and contribute it towards the communal composting bins that will then be used within the allotments and greenhouse planting.

Collection points located adjacent to cores

http://www.envacgroup.com/

98

Building Form and Systems 5.07 Energy Systems

Geothermal Piles In order to reduce reliance on mechanical means of cooling and heating within the residential units it is proposed that a ground source heat system will be used and intergrated with the pile foundations required for the structural support of the system. The geothermal piles work by taking advantage of the soils high capacity to store heat from the sun and retains an almost constant temperature of 10 to 14 celsius year round. By passing water through through the pipes, The geothermal piles takes advantage of this natural heat and stored energy which is then transferred back up to ground level and the building in a loop based system. This system will be particulalry effective during the winter months in Stockholm.

Due to the location of the project and the ventilation stratgey, building fabric and solar shading, the system should not require any type of cooling component to the system.

Structural piles are turned into heat exchangers by adding one or more loops of plastic pipes down their length. In the construction of geothermal piles, the pile diameter and length should be designed to resist the applied structural loads, and not increased to suit the geothermal requirements. When constructing the piles, initially the soil is bored out of the ground and a rigid, welded reinforcement cage is inserted. Several close-ended loops of high density polyethylene plastic absorber pipes (generally 25mm diameter and 2-3mm wall thickness) are then fixed evenly around the inside of the reinforcement cage for the full depth.

Loops are fabricated off-site and filled with heat transfer fluid (water with antifreeze or saline solution) and fitted with a locking valve and manometer at the top of the pile cage. Before concreting, the absorber pipes are pressurised for an integrity test, and to prevent collapse due to the fluid concrete. This pressure is maintained until the concrete hardens and reapplied before the absorber pipes are finally enclosed. When concreting, the tops of the pipes are held back to avoid damage and a tremie pipe is placed to the base of the pile. Concrete is poured through the tremie and it is raised up as the concrete fills the pile. Once the pile is finished, the absorber pipes are connected to a heat exchanger which is then connected to a secondary circuit of pipes in the floors and walls of the building (Tomlinson & Woodward, 2008).

99

Tempering the Built Environment 5.08 Building Environment - Windtightness and Thermal Line

Windtightness

Thermal Insulation

CLT is airtight after 3 layers of build-up, therefore it is pivitol that the connections between builds up are sealed properly. This will principally achieved through gaskets and taping around openings within the fabric. The main area of focus will have to occur around the door junctions between the pods and CLT units, as the other fabric will be able to be tested and ensured within the prefabricated factory environment.

CLT has a relatively high thermally insulative properties in comparison to other building materials. The nature of the structure and the build up enaables the units to be warm frame structures, ensuring that there is a continuous wrap of insulation around the outside of the structure. 200mm mineral wall is the standard insulation material, and tapered rigid EPS foam is used in the roofs for rain run off and EPS structural panels are used as insulative panels around the junctions ebtetween pods and units.

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Tempering the Built Environment 5.09 Building Environment Heating Conditions

Energy and Heating Efficiency

Energy Usage

Highly insulated prefabricated residential and WC units produced in a factory. There will be very low heat loss from the building fabric, if sealing connections between the structural and service spines and units is completed properly, following the detailed airtightness requirements and guidance. Warm spaces are all occupied residential spaces, removing wasted energy on large expansive heated hallways and corridors.

Each access level is to perform as an external street, whilst providing shelter from the rain they will be exposed to the cold.

As part of the consultation process between residents and the developer, it will be established that residents are responsible for tracking and monitoring the energy and water usages within their flats. Education will occur between residents and results from each unit will be publicly viewable, enabling residents to discuss and educate one another about particular energy saving measures.

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Tempering the Built Environment 5.10 Block Ventilation Strategy

Block Ventilation As the building is made up from indepednatly airtight and thermally enclosed spaces, the overall building is able to be ventilated naturally throughout, as the central space exists unheated and open to the elements. Air can move through the building easily, and there is adequate protection within the central streets from the prevailing winds to prevent any issues with wind tunnelling. The intention for an open street format was to remove the any dark and poorly ventilated shared corridor spaces that haunt many residential projects.

+

Unit and WC Module Ventilation The units will be able to benefit directly from cross ventilation and will be controlled manually by each independent resident. At each open end of the unit, triple glazied tilt windows are specified, and there successful operation in terms of preserving thermal efficiency, will be part of the initial education of the residents on thermal comfort and the sustainability of the block. The open central space was designed to ensure cross ventilation was achievable in order to remove the need for any mechanical air conditioning units - therefore promoting low energy use.

G

IN

L AI EV

PR

The WC module, will have pre-installed openable windows. The toilet and basin space will have direct access to an openable window for single sided ventilation. The shower module will also be able to benefit from this ventilation as the seperating partion is specified to match the height of the shower head.

A motorised extractor fan will be provided to remove excess moisture and steam when required.

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Tempering the Built Environment 5.11 Daylighting Strategy & Views

Views The large open ends within the CLT units will provide wide and extensive framed views for the residents.

There will be constant access to an external view and daylight, based on the open plan nature of the majority of the unit typologies.

Residents will also benefit from having views from either end of their duplexes, however residents will be provided with the option of clouding or obfuscating glazing panels on elevations facing towards the open street.

Natural Daylighting The proposal is orientated to acheive maximum daylight penetration into the building on a NorthSouth axis. There is however a distinct difference between access to South light within the project. This difference can be mediated by offering concessions to those residents with the predominatly North facing windows. Those facing the North however do benefit from some South light captured and reflected down through the central street spaces.

Where possible the units are orienated to locate living spaces towards the South and the sleeping quarters towards the North.

The open central street format was designed to enable residents to have access to natural light at both ends of their duplex apartments reducing the need for extensive artificial lighting. The structural system used also facilitates large voids being cut in the street spaces to improve light penetration.

The South facing units, will face an issue with solar gain, therefore a moveable and operable louvre system has been incorporated to mediate against the negative effects.

The majority of upper floor gardens and terraces are South facing, and all of the main allotment spaces orientated to maximise access to the sun during the summer and winter months.

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Tempering the Built Environment 5.12 Solar Shading

Open

Semi - Closed

Fully Closed

Alternating Responsive Facade

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Tempering the Built Environment 5.12 Solar Shading

Precedents

Herzong de Meuron - Paris

Internal Duplex View

External Terrace View

Internal Stair View

Diagrams found at: http://www.ics.ele.tue.nl/~akash/maartje/getSystemDetail.php?ID=208

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Tempering the Built Environment 5.13 Public Transport and Cycle Storage

Public Transport Access A good provision of public transport already exists to service the site and is a direct result of the previous Globen area development.

The Globen T-bana lies directly to the North and regular bus services run adjacent to the site on the North and East boundary.

The increase in residents however would place substantial pressure on these networks, and consultation would have to take place to develop a workable and appropriate strategy. The developed site will therefore be well connected to central Stockholm as well as the rest of Sweden in broader terms.

Down

There is a dedicated cycle store provision on each floor, where priority will be given to families and those will smaller unit types.

This store will be secure and sheltered. Due to the proximity of the T-bana, no car space allocations have been provided as part of this scheme.

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Tempering the Built Environment 5.14 Materials

Local Timber Sourcing Locally sourced and milled timber is available throughout Sweden and Scandanavia. As part of the procurement of the project, an early source of timber for the CLT panels and timber frame WC modules should be established. The company will ideally be able to mill and prepare the timber and also be equipped with the facilities to produce CLT panels and construct the modular units within a factory condition, as the project requires.

Of course a further consultancy and research would be required during the design and tender process to establish a timber contractor, however as part of this document, from some initial research MOELVEN have been identified as a Scandanavian company that meet the criteria above. They have mills located in central Sweden and facilties for prefabrication.

Such a company selection would remove the need for importing material and timber and will also benefit the economy of Sweden directly. Transport between mills and factory is also minimised reducing CO2 emissions.

Transportation between site and factories would have to be carefully established and planned.

MOELVEN have an office located in nearby Hammerby and would provide an easily accessible platform for discussions and consultation. â&#x20AC;&#x153;Moelven Timber organize 12 sawmills, one planing mill and 2 component producers plus a trading company in sawmilling equipment. Moelven Wood organize 6 sawmills and several further processing plants mainly producing for the Scandinavian markets; total production in these mills exceeding 500.000 m3.

Moelven have experience constructing modular timber buildings in the education, residential and commercial sectors

The combined log consumption in Moelven is approx.

3.9 million m3, equivalent to approx. 1.9 mill m3 sawn goods.

Moelven`s mills are, with a few exceptions, located in the middle of Sweden and in the south-east of Norway, the fiber being of slow grown and of strong qualityâ&#x20AC;?.

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Tempering the Built Environment 5.14 Materials - CLT

Benefits CLT provided the perfect material for this proposal. It can be successfully prefabricated and modularised and is structurally and thermally efficient. The warm frame structure ensures continuity of insulation and enevelope but also enables the beauty of the material to be expressed internally - resulting in a warm home environment.

Advantages • As a renewable material, stores carbon throughout its usable lifespan • Avoids thermal bridging (in parapet walls or flat roof solutions) • Good delivery of airtight envelope • Greater load distribution can reduce thickness of transfer slabs • Light weight reduces load on foundations so less need for materials with high embodied energy (eg concrete) • Need for robust upfront design may improve overall design and efficiency • Robust finished wall will take sundry fixings • Simple and fast onsite construction process • Suitable for non-visible as well as exposed finishes • Vapour-permeable wall construction

Image from KLH

Limitations • Requires accurately set out groundworks • Requires completed designs ahead of start on site, to allow for offsite manufacture • Requires external cladding or render to provide weatherproof envelope • Use limited to above damp-proof course or equivalent The embodied carbon of timber products is low relative to many other construction materials.

As with all plantbased materials, carbon is stored during tree growth and continues to be stored through its use as a building material.

At the end of its life, carbon is released either through natural decomposition, returning other nutrients to the soil, or through the generation of heat/ energy by burning it as a fuel, either way providing a comparatively highly efficient end-of-life treatment.

http://www.huntlycrescentraploch.co.uk/?p=72

Factory assembly of CLT units in Norway http://www.archiexpo.com/prod/hasslacher-norica-timber/ wooden-structural-panel-solid-cross-laminated-59471-909685. html

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Tempering the Built Environment 5.15 Environmental Benefits of Prefabrication

Prefabrication offers a highly sustainable and environmentally beneficial construction process for a number of key reasons as listed below. The attractiveness and benefits of prefabrication are becoming more widely accepted in the building industry and a substantial number of residential and commercial projects are being completed within Sweden using this process.

Benefits Energy Efficiency: • a high level of quality control over thermal insulation and windtightness continuity, which can be tested and measured in a factory • seals ensured and cold bridging minimised in components • modularisation improves manufacturing efficiency - reducing CO2 emissions • emboded energy can be deconstructed and re-used easily on and off site Minimising Transport • transport requirements to site are specific, organised and scheduled - reducing deleveries • raw materials delivered in bulk to factory • fewer personnel on site Minimising Pollution • efficient use of materials in factory - modules based on strict grid format to reduce material waste through off-cuts • materials can be recycled easily within factory environment • on-site construction polution is reduced post groundworks, there is little noise and dust pollution • fast construction process - reducing machinery emissions Efficient Materials • timber is locally sourced and can be recycled • steel frame work provides an efficient structure - high strength to weight ratio • modules and modular components can be resused • the system can be modifed easily on siteadditions can be made without extensive site interference - benefitting the residents and environment • modules can be relocated Water Conservation • minimum water used in manufacture • 'dry' construction site • water can be recycled in factory condition Despite the higher level of construction coordination and design detailing, modular and prefabricated construction offers many environmental benefits and effencies to be attractive enough for clients and developers.

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6.00 Procurement 6.01 Sweden and Stockholm Planning Policy

Stockholm Planning Policy All the municipalities in Sweden have a high degree of autonomy over their planning decisions, policies and future strategies. Stockholm has embarked on a few fundamental plans and policies including the ‘Walking City’, ‘Vision 2030’ and the ‘City Plan’. All of the plans are aimed at creating a holistic and coherent city of the future, where key developments are align with policies and other developments.

The proposal will have to be in line with the comprehensive plan (översiktsplan) that covers the entire municipality as well as any detailed plan over the area.

The detailed development plan also has to show public places for streets, roads, squares and parks.

The municipality can also set requirements for the execution of the buildings. In certain cases matters such as color and materials are also stated.

Special area regulations are another planning instrument which is used within limited areas to guarantee compliance with certain comprehensive plan goals. A property regulation plan is used to facilitate implementation of the detailed development plan.

Legal framework of the Swedish planning system.

The New Planning and Building Act (2010) Under the new Act municipalities are to take account of environmental and climate aspects in their planning work. This means both reduced climate impact and adaptation to climate change. In their planning, municipalities are to take account of the environmental quality objectives, regional climate and energy strategies, county plans for transport infrastructure and transport policy objectives.

Change of Use The municipalities are responsible for making long term municpal comprehensive plans, which, while not legally binding, form the basis of decisions on the use of land and water areas. The municipalities therefore carry the main responsibilty for land-use planning in Sweden - which is normally termed as the municipal planning monoploy. No land use changes can be made unless based on the municipal plan. In exceptional cases the state can make fundamental decisions.

Early planning consultations with the planning authorities will be required to establish the specifc criteria of the site and its connections to its surroundings. However the Slakthusområdet site is currently being planned to be transformed into a much more generic housing district, with IKEA being used as the economic driver to encourage the scheme into planning.

Vision 2030 strategy diagrams

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6.00 Procurement 6.02 Local and Financial Context

Local Context In order for this proposal to achieve recognition within the context of Stockholm’s future, it has to endeavour to meet and excel some of the criteria established within its City Plan and its Vision 2030 (outlined in the Section 1).

This project will be a publicly funded mixed use residential scheme by the Stockholm City Council, that will endeavour to not only address the fundamental housing shortage within central Stockholm, but also continue the cultural and entertainment based expansion South from the heart of the city, that has already been started by the Globen and Tele 2 developments. The provision of housing as well as the creation of a new focal point within reach of the city centre, fits perfectly into balancing Stockholm’s embrace of its developing metropolitan dynamism and its demand for a long term game plan, that is desired by the City Plan.

The proposal for the Slaughterhouse site is based around achieving and promoting the four main strategies of the Vision 2030: 1.

2.

3.

4.

Continue to strengthen central Stockholm Focus on strategic nodes Connect city areas Create a vibrant urban environment

The master-plan proposal for the site seeks to establish a new destination point within not only Stockholm and Swedem, but internationally, by capitalising on the areas rich food and meat packing heritage, by integrating cooking schools, restaurants and market places into the scheme. This will not only attract visitors but attract foodies and pioneers from around the world, to live and work in the area, creating a truly vibrant new node within Stockholm.

The master-plan proposal also seeks to bridge the dramatic gap between the Globen and the surrounding suburbia, by creating a food based platform for people to meet that can be enjoyed by the visiting hockey fan, or local family.

Consultation As part of the sites development, extensive consultation will take place with the current occupants of many of the existing buildings - particulalrly those still involved in the food indusrty, in order to capitalise on their already established expertise, local knowledge and customer base. The development can therefore be developed in conjunction with local needs, whilst appealing to the wider city scheme.

The City Plan of Stockholm, 2010. Source: Stockholm City Plan Summary, May 2009.

Financial Context Despite the main focus of this proposal being residential provision for those in need, it will be the public facing functions and the transformation of the area into a food hub, that will enable the proposal to gain traction and financial backing. The proposal can be viewed as a long term investment into developing a huge site, that can directly captilise on the success of the Globen venture.

Overall costs for the project will include: •

• • • • • 1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

professional fees for design team, architects, consultants and modular manufactures - also including any required documentation and applications demolition works of existing buildings transportation of module units risk assessments consultation events with locals construction costs including foundations and geothermal piles structral modules CLT module manufacture facade system internal fit outs for the residential units as well as the crèche, restaurants, cookings schools

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6.00 Procurement 6.03 Planning Constraints

Planning Applications A formal planning application will have to be made to planning authority notifying them of the proposal, Initial meetings with the department will have established a dialogue that this application will build upon “Building permit issued by the municipality or notification to the municipality required. In accordance with Chapter 9, Section 2 of the Planning and Building Act (SFS 2010:900)1 a building permit must be obtained inter alia for the erection or extension of a building on the property, or if a building on the property is to be used or adapted either wholly or partly for a purpose that is essentially incompatible with the purpose for which the building has previously been used or for which a building permit was granted.”

Existing Buildings Various buildings on the site (shown below) have been marked as culturally significant. As the protection surrounding them is not official, clarification will be required from the planning authority before any site works commence in proximity to them. Depending on the protection, the proposal may have to be relocated further away, to ensure no damage occurs to the building fabric during groundworks in particular.

Module Transportation In principle, prefabricated houses and house sections do not need to be assembled into larger dimensions than what is allowable to transport under the basic rules for transportation of loads by road.

In accordance with TSFS 2009:64, exceptions for newly manufactured houses and house sections should not be allowed if the width exceeds 420 cm.

Exemption for transportation of newly manufactured houses and house sections wider than 420 cm should not normally be granted except when there are special reasons and in the case of individual sections of larger width. This practice has been applied for many years after agreement with the house-manufacturers. The individual sections with width greater than 420 cm would normally be part of a larger delivery to the same address. The specific reasons should be stated in the document (certificate) from the manufacturer, but transport possibilities for the sections should be ensured before their manufacturing.

In the case of old houses, judgement is done on a case by case basis, depending on the route’s width, how far it is transported, current amount of traffic on the stretch of road, if the house is divisible, etc.

To minimize the inconvenience of a bulky transport there may be reason to lay down a decision that, for example, it should occur at off-peak periods, such as night time.

If the journey involves more than one municipality, the issue is assessed by the State road maintenance authority in the region where the journey begins. The State road maintenance authorities are the Swedish Transport Administration’s regions.

RED = Property / Real Estate with buildings thats heritage value is equivalent to the requirements for listed buildings in the Heritage Act. The property / properties are part of a historically important area identified in Stockholm’s master plan. The original buildings in the area have a coherent Art Nouveau architecture in which the function is clearly readable in the design. The buildings remain true to the original architecture, although additions and remodelling has occurred.

GREEN = Property / Real Estate with buildings that are particularly valuable from a historical, cultural, environmental or artistic standpoint. The property / properties are part of a historically important area identified in Stockholm’s master plan.

The majority of modules designed within this system are under the recommedned 4200mm max. transportable width. However those that are over this distance will either have to be fabricated in smaller sections and asembled on site, which increases time on site and potential on-site alignment issues, or permission to transport wider loads can be applied for.

This scheme proposes that the larger units are fabricated in smaller sections as this removes further expense from having to secure guided transport from the factories to site. This decision needs to be established at a very early stage.

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6.00 Procurement 6.04 Procurement Strategies

Modular Construction and Procurement

Tradtional Procurement Weaknesses

For the full benefits of modular and prefabricated construction to be realised, this project was committed from an early conceptual stage to using and benefitting from this technology. The design process for prefabrication is different to other methods of construction, as fundamental structural and service considerations are established early on, in order to inform modular dimensions and frameworks. The design process will also focus heavily on production requirements and structural and material interfaces.

•

Unlike other construction processes, an early established connection with a manufacturer is key, as they exist as a fundamental constultant to the design process - as this intriduced rehearsed and tested methods of construction, detailing, interfacing and health and safety requirements.

The choice to pursue modular construction would usually reside with the client’s assessment of the business-related benefits, however the architect will be able to make aware the environmental and time based economic benefits.

The procurement process of modular construction, heavily involves the specialist manufactures (for this proposal Moelven have been identified), who observre and consultant on the project in manufacturing terms.

There early involvement is vital as the process covers pre-ordering of the timber and steel, setting up the production line (location of which would be based on the proximity and capacity of the manufacture’s sawmills and production factories), temporary storage and delivery to site. The major benefi of this process is that the prefabricated elements can be produced silmutaneously with the groundworks and can be scheduled to be delivered on a ‘just in time’ basis.

It is worth noting that working with some modular construction companies may affect procurement routes and contract types, as some offer ‘turnkey’ packages. However for this proposal, the architect will most certainly be responsible for the overall design and co-ordination between specialists.

Diagrams found at: http://www.construction-innovation.info/

Companies will also approach modular construction differently and it will be the architects responsibility to ascertain and tune their design process to match.

Some companies may also wish not to divuldge technical details at tender stage.

Procurement Strategies A detailed assement of the various procurement will be provided by the design team in order to infrom them of the advantages and disadvantages of the various avenues, taking into account their finances and time constraints.

• • • • • • • •

Risk of time – can take longer than other methods (materials/sourcing etc) Not good for fast tracking projects Contractors cost cutting can cause quality issues No cost certainty until later stage No single point of responsibility – contact for client Buildability? Client looses contractors building expertise in the design phase Pressures exerted on design/construction teams may lead to disputes Issues with design may only be highlighted at a late stage Risks of claims if decisions/information is delayed or missing – can affect cost and programme

Intergrated Procurment (D&B) Benefits • • • • • • • •

Earlier cost certainty for client Guaranteed completion date for client Single point of responsibility – risk is transferred to contractor Efficiencies of cost and time Can be fast tracked as - design and construction can overlap Overall costs are lower Client is not placed in between the architect and contractor A more co-operative atmosphere may reduce claims

Weaknesses • • • • •

• •

Client may be forced to commit to design/ unrealistic costs at a very early stage of the project.

Does not make use of competitive tender Relies on honest and competent contractors giving realistic expectations to client and project team – cost estimating Changes to design are expensive to implement – not flexible Loss of client control over design and contractors performance (design expertise may be limited) – uncertainty over quality (client has little say in choice of specialist sub contractors) Not a good system for complex designs as the designers are not disassociated from the contractor – if conflict of interests arises Design Liability Insurance is required to transfer risk to contractor

Management Based Procurement Benefits

The main three informing factors are: 1. Time 2. Quality (building performance) 3. Cost

• •

Tradtional Procurement Benefits

Weaknesses

•

• • •

• • • • • • •

The Design Team impartial - will protect the interests of the client Tender bids are based on finished designs Contractor must use specified materials Cost savings with competitive tender process Helps client establish a reasonable price for project Architect retains control over build continuity and quality during construction – easier to maintain continuity and high quality Low risk for cost and design quality – but may take a long time Reasonable cost certainty as lump sum is known before the construction begins

• •

Design can exist in parallel to construction Design change are possible and design and construction continues No conflict of interests Design quality can be kept high

No cost certainty until last package is let Clients hold high risk in terms of costs and time There is a high risk on the client - must make all decisions/ lots of input is required

Chosen Procurement The Design and Build procurement strategy would appear to compliment working with modular construction, based on the requirment to establish early contact with a manufacturer. A manufacturer would be specified to work on the majority of the detailed design work, and the unsual junctions and details can therefore be discussed and resolved through a better informed collaboration. The manufactuer will be selected from competative tender.

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6.00 Procurement 6.05 Role of the Architect

Role of the Architect The role of the architect during modular construction differs from other construction methods, and is highly dependant on the procurement method, the approach of the client and the selected manufacturer of the modular units and components. Unlike other procurment methods and design processes, a specialist consultant has very early involvement within the project. Therefore the design process becomes a collaborative one from an early stage. This consultancy will enable better techincal understanding of modular construction and will enable key details and materials to be established at an earlier stage.

The architect will also have to be aware and factor in to their design process, the manufacturing process and procedures, transportation of modules and coordination with other construction trades.

As it has been established that the procurement route will be Design and Build the architects role will be tailored in the following ways (focus is given to stages 0-4).

RIBA Plan of work 2014

0-1 • • •

• • • •

Establish client objectives and brief Establish cost plan and outline programme Assess local planning policies and potential site constraints - environmental, ground conditions etc - assessments of which can be completed by other consultants Define building function and outline requirements Discuss outline spatial strategies and site approaches Advise on contract method/procurement routes Advise on appointment of D&B contractor

2 The architect complies an outline design proposal and makes initial contact with manufacturing specialist to consult on issues stated above and establish manufacturing requirements and lead in times.

Planning application is prepared and further advise is given regarding the appointment of a contractor based on Employer’s Requirements.

3 Once a contractor has been selected the architect will be retained to then advise on suitability of proposals, architecturally and with regard to the clients requirements.

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6.00 Procurement 6.06 Consultants and Contractors

Role of the Consultants Structural Engineer For this project a strucutal engineer with a good knowledge of modular construction, steel frames and CLT would be preferable, as this system sees all of these combine. Their role will be principally focused on specifying the structural streel frame spines and their foundation supports, whilst consulting on connection details between the units, prefabricated pods and the structure.

They will be responsible for carrying out detailed calculations to determine the live and dead loads of the structure, in order to determine dimensions of structural members and floor build ups.

Facade Consultant Due to the inventivness of the motorised curtain rail system, a consultant with a good knowledge of movable and operable solar shading devices will be required. They will be responsible for the technical design of the motorised system, the track and the timber louvres themselves, in order to ensure maximise solar shading efficiency.

M & E Consultant The M & E consultant will have to work closely with the structural engineer and the fabricators of the module structural element as the majority of vertical and horizontal servicing is factory installed into the structural system. They will also be responsible for detailing the connections between the pre-installed WC unit services and the incoming residential CLT module. Their role will also include calculating energy and water requirements, in order to inform the energy strategy and size the plant room.

Fire Safety Consultant A fire engineer will be appointed to consult on the fire strategy and advise the design team on particular requirements relating to modular construction. Consultation will also inform the fireproofing of the steelwork and any additional support within the residential unit fabric.

Table found in: Modular Construction using Light Steel Framing : An Architectâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Guide

CDM Coordinator As part of the design process, a risk assessment will have to be put together and will be overseen and guide by the CDM coordinator, who will also be responsible for site visits if required.

Contractor As this is a Design and Build proposed scheme, the contractor will be responsible to developing the design proposal, with the guidance of the architects. They will be responsible for setting into motion the manufacture of the modular components as well as coordinating and appointing relevant sub constractors. The lead contractor will most likely be the module manufacturer, thus enabling the project and design team to immediately capitalise on their expertise. Unlike a traditional contract, the contractor in this scenario will be responsible for sourcing advice and services from the above consultants, if they are required beyond their own expertise or those of the manufacturers.

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6.00 Procurement 6.07 Health and Safety in Construction and Use

Prefabricated and On Site Construction As the majority of this proposal has been designed to be prefabricatedm there are a number of ways that this construction method improves the health and safety during construction.

• majority of manufacturing is done in a protected factory environment • factory environment is safe and clean, and removes the need for the vast majority of workers to work at height • environment protected from the weather benefitting worker well being • construction time on site is reduced reducing risk time frames • companies well rehearsed in construction techniques and procedures • major construction concerns can be addressed before site assembly • lower number of heavy duty machinery required • fewer personnel required on site - minimising risk As part of the CDM it is the responsibility of the design team to assess and qualify any potential risks during construction and fabrication. A risk assessment should be completed and will be compiled in conjunction with discussions with a CDM coordinator. The CDM coordinator and architect will be responsible for regular site visits to ensure risks are being minimised and site construction is adhering to standard health and safety regualtions.

As the majority of work will be completed in a factory, the presence of a CDM co-ordinator and heavy scrutiny of health and safety will required during the groundworks and during the modular site insertions - both will relative short timeframes.

Some modular manufactures have establised their own procdeurs to ensure their module units leave the factory free from defetcs and some will have IS) 9001 certification. Therefore the principal checks required on site are on the works completed on site and in principally ensuring that no damage occurs to the module units during transportation and instertion into the struictural system.

Key checks will have to occur regarding all major junctions.

As part of the design process a detailed method statement will also be required to inform the correct installation of the units. This will be supported by the CDM required Health and Safety Plan.

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Bibliography The architect’s plan of work : for the procurement of feasibility studies; a fully designed building project, employer’s requirements or contractor’s proposals. London: RIBA Enterprises. Schittich, Christian, Ed. (2003).

Modular Construction using Light Steel Framing : An Architect’s Guide Websites http://www.vanmeernaarbeter.nl/sites/vanmeernaarbeter.nl/files/Demographic%20 changes.pdf http://www.eurometrex.org/Docs/Expert_Groups/Affordable_Housing/Stockholm_ Position_Statement.pdf http://www.nordregio.se/Metameny/About-Nordregio/Journal-of-Nordregio/Journal-ofNordregio-no-1-2011/Stockholm-stays-tailor-made/ h t t p : / / i n t e rn a t i o n a l . S t o c k h o l m . s e / g l o b a l a s s e t s / o v r i g a - b i l d e r- o c h - f i l e r / framtidsguiden_eng.pdf https://sweden.se/society/energy-use-in-sweden/ http://www.government.se/content/1/c6/10/45/77/b6856cfa.pdf

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