March year 2 semester 2 by Richard laycock

Richard Laycock Abstract Machines Year 2 - Semester 2

Contents Chapter _1.0

- Proposition

Chapter _2.0

- Site Analysis

Chapter _3.0

Design - Tectonic Exploration

Chapter _4.0

Design Rational - Development

Chapter _5.0

- Technology

Chapter _6.0

- Appendix

Final Scheme - Master-plan

Proposition - New New York - Inhabiting up-cycled waste feed Continue development of the waste management plan:Use the waste which is generated by the city to produce more land Redesign the marine transfer station to become an up-cycling centre Utilise the current site access ramp and roof space as a new habitable space, (New New York)

The definition of waste can be described as â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;a substance or material that is no longer useful after the completion of a processâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; The purpose of this project is to re-define our concept of waste material by looking at materials specific properties in relation to products in combination with buildings and specific elements of buildings. More specifically, how we can use somewhat previouse waste in new innovative ways. The project is an investigation into 3d printed systems through the use of computation simulation on a large scale. therfore by expanding the system of construction would show the process from concept to finalisation of the structural system. The idea is to develop a rigorous understanding of the components of the system and how they would best go together.

Design proposition

Asphate Green

The concept is to create a green band surrunding NYC to connect the city to the sea and create public amenitys spaces from an other wise land consuming entity. Keep existing site

The Planed MT Station

Residents for Sane Trash Solutions, a 20,000-member strong community group that was formed to stop the dump from happening.

One

of their main

objections is that the proposed site is directly opposite Asphalt Green,

Marine Transfer Station

The

industrial plant when the old

MTS

was first

in use, this site is no longer in use and thus has attracted a vast children as a safe place to be.

Stanley M. Isaacc Neighbourhood Centre

Redesign the brief - New New York

The structure of the design will be 3d printed from waste with the roof of the facility creating a green band surrounding NYC

There

are also fears for the health of the elder-

ly community who congregate at the

For the purpose of the Thesis, only a section of this green band will be designed. This will represent a small stage of the Masterplan.

Isaacs Neighbourhood Centre

Stanley M.

and the thousands

of low income minorities who live in a public housing project, both of which are minutes away from the MTS site.

Delivery space The

Storage space

entrance to the facility need to be

able to handle 1500 tons per hour. These are the loads delivered by barge daily.

The

system needs to be quick to prevent heavy traffic.

13,000 m2 per day 91,000 m2 per week

Sorting facility

Material out

The system needs to be able to handle the loads being delivered daily. Scale of automated sorting machine is critical. Each

The bio-digestor requires highly compli-

waste stream is a different quantity

bial life which in turn break down the

The graph represents a survey study which detailed the waste typology, The total remains the same 91,000 m2 per

biomass and produce methane

week

Methane Monitored

Waste IN

Leachates Compost

Factory

cated systems to monitor the conditions inside and promote high levels of micro-

Sort

Biological waste

Process Sorted waste OUT

Bio-digestion

Site Analysis

The aim of our studio is to simulate how the vast array of environment and structural vectors on a given form can allow the form to be influenced by these vectors by use of computational mythologies. Real time feedback becomes the way in which we communicate both to and through our Architecture

History

Manhattan faces serious problems in its future. With many new reports stating that Manhatten is 20 times more likely to flood today than it was in the mid 19th century. Due to rising sea levels, this problem has been forcast to continue to get worse.

Lower Manhattan

Manhattan’s development 1650 - 1980

Manhattan’s flood risks ZONE - A: Flood

risk from any hurricane

that makes landfall close the NYC

ZONE - B: Flood risk from category 2 or higher hurricane ZONE - C: Flood risk from a category 3 of higher hurricane

Manhattan is an island claimed by man from nature but natures itself is re-claiming this densely populated man made city. Today the flood risks to lower Manhattan is under constant threat.

Upper east side

Green spaces

Lower Manhattan was the first settlement on the island and evolved over a period of time. There are a number of partial grids which eventually met to become the grid we see today.

Manhattan was built as an artificial space which has been extended at its boundary’s over a period of 250 years. The flooding map and the development of Manhattan bare remarkable resemblance. What’s more interesting is just how easily the sea can reclaim land.

Site use The ramp that leads to the current MTS cuts the local sports and fitness centre grounds in two. So in addition to the noise and pollution the estimated 200 trucks that will deliver waste to the MTS every day locals also fear for the childrenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s safety.

Trucks current route

FDR drive

Bobby Wagner Walk

Walk extents

A A

Franklin d. Roosevelt east river drive is a 6 lane carriageway which is a major ring road of Manhattan

FDR drive is the main route truck will take to drop off waste, The issues with this is it directly cuts the childrenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s facilities in two.

The

walk is causing direct conflict with

easy access to the new MT station.

Existing section AA - 1:500

Barrier

Hudson River

Asphalt Green aquatics centre and playing fields

Franklin d. Roosevelt Drive 6 lane carriegway

Bobby wagner

Existing MTS

walk

no longer in use

Asphalt Green - use _01 - ASPHATE GREEN

_02 - AQUATICS CENTRE

_03 - BOBBY WAGNER WALK

Asphalt green is used by a 20,000 strong community. Familys like space due to

The Aquatics centre sits within Asphalt green and hold many events and The AGUA Masters Swim Team – the 2010 US Masters Swimming Club of the Year – is dedicated to helping individuals of all ability levels improve their swimming by developing better technique, fitness, and endurance through structured group instruction and training.

Bobby wagners walk runs adjacent with asphalt green on the opposite side of FDR drive. It was built in 1939 as part of the construction of the FDR Drive and is the oldest portion of the Manhattan Waterfront Greenway. The esplanade is a multi-use path with no separation between cyclists and other wheeled users and pedestrians.

_04 - DUMP - PROTEST SIGN

_05 - NEW MARINE TRANSFER STATION - DUMP

_06 - MTS UNDER CONSTRUCTION

Since 2006, New York City

Here the MTS

Its reconstruction began last year and is to be completed by 2016.

its safety from traffic feel its part of their community

has planned to revitalize an unused garbage

transfer station on a bend in the East River, just three blocks north of Gracie

Mansion on the Upper East Side. It would cut the amount of Manhattan’s waste hauled to other boroughs for processing. This would make use of barges and reduce truck traffic in getting the waste to out-of-state landfills.

demolition of the exiting

Dump

begins in preparation for the new

Solar analysis

Scripted solar radiation

The following script generates a simulation of the sun path through my site through summer winter and equinox days to produce an accurate depiction of the volume of solar radiation on the site.

_01 - BASE GEOMETRY

_04 - MESH

_05 - MESH CONSTRUCT - COLOUR CODED

_02 - SOLAR ARC GENERATOR

_03 - SUN GENERATOR

_01 - BASE GEOMETRY

_02 - SOLAR ARC GENERATOR

_04 - MESH DECOMPOSE

_05 - MESH CONSTRUCT - COLOUR CODED

Solar study n

Using the following script a solar study was produce of a typical winter day when the shadows were at their longest. The following images depict the site in full sun all year round

_01 - SUMMER 7:00AM

_02 - SUMMER 10:00AM

_03 - SUMMER 14:00AM

_04 - SUMMER 16:00AM

_05 - EQUINOX 9:00AM

_06 - EQUINOX 11:00AM

_07 - EQUINOX 14:00AM

_08 - EQUINOX 16:00AM

_09 - WINTER 9:00AM

_10 - WINTER 11:00AM

_11 - WINTER 14:00AM

_12 - EQUINOX 16:00AM

Winter solstices - macro

The macro winter solar study in shows long shadows due to the suns position.

_01 - 9:00 AM

_02 - 12:00 NOON

SITE

Long shadows are created by the taller building however due to the sites orientation it receives full solar cover throughout the morning

SITE

The sun never rises very high during its peak at mid-day and as such parts of Manhattan are always in shade however the site remains unchanged

_03- 15:00 PM

_04 - 18:00 PM

SITE

By the mid afternoon the site begins to develop partially shaded spots which starts to envelop the site.

SITE

By late after noon the site and all NYC will be in complete darkness as the sun sets in the west.

Vernal & autumnal equinox - meso n

The equinox solar study reveals the site in completely exposed to the sun through the day and is only shaded between sunset & sunrise

_01 - 9:00 AM

_02 - 12:00 NOON

SITE

_03- 15:00 PM

SITE

_04 - 18:00 PM

SITE

Summer solstices - micro The summer solstice reveals the site is free from shade throughout the day with the exception of late afternoon where parts of the site are shaded.

_01 - 7:00 AM

_02 - 10:00 AM

_03 - 12:00 NOON

_04- 15:00 PM

_05- 18:00 PM

_06- 21:00 PM

Tectonic Exploration - Tension Iâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;m interested in materials and the use of the material properties, specifically how we can use waste to generate sheet materials in a new innovative way. This is a study in to the process and structural properties of sheet materials which aims to investigate how a materials properties can be altered by changing its form. In nature function follows form. Parametric software has been used to generate cut patterns on to a number sheet materials and these have been tested for both structural integrity and youngâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s modulus of elasticity in a number of ways to produce a tectonics starting point.

Scripting Elasticity

Below describes how scripting has been used to generate cutt pattern in to a surface which can them be fabricated on a lazer cutter. These physical models can then be further manipulated tand tested for stress.

_04

_06

_01

_02

_03

3, this is the logic behind the script, each

smaller surface is exploded and the four

point essentially creating a dia-

four points to create a dia-grid surface

6, moves all the generated geometry to the half the distance between its near-

edges are selected four points are generat-

grid

however due to the logic of grasshop-

est points which essentially fills in the

per small adjustments need to be made

gaps.

defines the start position of the

this surface is divided in to any

bounding box which becomes the surface

number of equal surfaces in x

for the geometry.

positions.

_05

generates a line between each

ed from the centre points of each edge line.

5, A

surface is generate between each

to make this complete

_06 _03

_01

_04

_05 _07

_02

Creating curves to apply diagrid

Lofting curves and applying diagrid structure

Changing density of grid structure

Increasing density further

And further

Further still

Exploding edges of grid structure

Changing orientation of grid

Fabricating Elasticity

The following images demonstrate how the principles of using parametric software applied to a none flexible surface, in this case MDF to create a flexible surface.

Fabricating Elasticity The following scripts generates more complex cut patterns which have been applied to digital surfaces.

The rest of the script deals with intersecting and offsetting lines to create a solid strucDividing two curves and shifting the lists

This time the two curves used to divide and shift lists happen to be to circles, one inside the other

ture for laser cutting

The divided points are then connected by lines

increasing the number of points which the

circles have been divided by the density increases exponentially

Assumed Elasticity

Increasing

the density further with no limita-

tions other then processing power.

Ultimately

this is the most time effective way of

producing this geometry without having to rebuild the form each time a variation is required.

I expected to be able to free form this perforated surface over a number of objects and expected the surface to flow quite easily over multiple curves

Spring Exploration

In this particular experiment a cut pattern was applied to a surface with the intension of giving the surface specific properties to form a domed surface however as a result of the cut pattern the simulation gain spring like properties.

Tensegrity Experiments

Tension Conclusion Sheet material can be formed in to complex shapes using simple cut patterns which can then support there own weight. This said, sheet materials still have limitations with regards to complex forms and curvature. As the material is deformed, this caused the material to weaken and create a possible fracture point. Sheet materials deform easily due to their relative thickness and excessive loading on a singular point will cause failure.

Tectonic Exploration - COMPRESSION FORM - RHINO-VAULT - The current computational systems such as physics based modelling can simulate spanning through form and create surface of equilibrium.

Equilibrium through compression In differential geometry, the Schwarz minimal surfaces are periodic minimal surfaces originally described by Hermann Schwarz.

_01 - BASE SURFACE

_02 - INTRODUCE CONCAVE

_03 - INTRODUCE CONVEX

_04 - FORM DIAGRAM

The edges defines the vaulted structure

Concave edges (simple folds) create a stronger surface, and reduce straight, linear supports

Convex edges do a similar things as concave edges.

This grid diagram is used to generate form

_05 - RV - FORM

_06 - RV - DUEL ROTATE DIAGRAM

This is only one way to generate a form, these lines could be drawn by hand.

The graph is generated producing a series

_07 - RV - HORIZONTAL

_08 - RV - VERTICAL

The RV - horizontal helps to calculate equilibrium

Based on the horizontal equilibrium the vertical equilibrium can be computed using a force.

which all corresponding edges are parallel and have the same direction.

points with information attached

Equilibrium - reinforced elements The greater force which is applied creates a rib in the structure which acts as a beam to take the loads and create equilibrium.

_01 - COLOURED LINES

_02 - STRUCTURE

_03 - SURFACE

_04 - CROSS SECTION

_01 - COLOURED LINES

_02 - STRUCTURE

_03 - SURFACE

_04 - CROSS SECTION

_01 - COLOURED LINES

_02 - STRUCTURE

_03 - SURFACE

_04 - CROSS SECTION

Fabrication of components

_01 - INITIAL CURVES

_03 - OFFSETS CURVES

The greater force which is applied creates a rib in the structure which acts as a beam to take the loads and create equilibrium. _05 - CALCULATES AREA CENTROID

_01 - INITIAL CURVES

_02 - SCALES GEOMETRY

_03 - OFFSETS CURVES

_04 - CREATES SURFACES

Minimal surface

The greater force which is applied creates a rib in the structure which acts as a beam to take the loads and create equilibrium. In this next exploration elements have been carried forward from the compressive research and combined with minimal surfaces to create a digital simulation of a compressive minimal surface. _01 - INITIAL SURFACES

_02 - EDGE CURVES

_03 - RV - FORM DIAGRAM

_04 - RV - RELAX

The three surfaces are used to generate the initial

The edge curves define the open edges of the vault

The form diagram is generated

Horizontal

form diagram

equilibrium is generated using the RV -

relax diagram which smooths the form

_05 - CULL EDGES

_06 - DUAL GRAPH

_07 - RV - FORM DIAGRAM

_08 - RV - MODIFY

Some edges need deleting in order to create an open-

The coloured dots show the angle deviation of edges

The form diagram is generated and smoothed

The nodes are given a specific weight function which

ing in the centre of the vault

which are not in horizontal equilibrium

_09- COLOUR ANALYSIS

_10 - MESH SURFACE

_11 -RV - MODIFY

_12 - RV - VERTICAL

Based on horizontal equilibrium the thrust network is

The mesh helps with visualising the open structure

The modifier allows opening to be defined

The mesh needs updating to show the void in the

computed using the vertical command

creates form during horizontal equilibrium

surface

COMPRESSION - CONCLUSION Sheet material can be formed in to complex shapes using simple cut patterns which can then support there own weight. This said, sheet materials still have large limitation with regards to complex forms and curvature. As the material is deformed, this caused the material to weaken and create a possible fracture point. Sheet materials deform easily due to their relative thickness and excessive loading on a singular point will cause failure.

Scripting solutions - Fabrication methodologies This script generates a surface from two curves. This surface can then be sub-divided to create a panelled system which can be used to generate the outer shell of a building. In the following chapter a series of experiments were performed which resulted in a simulated fabrication techniques. The end results were printable components.

_02 - CURVES

_03 - DIVISION POINTS _04 - SUB-DIVIDED PANELS

_01 - DENSITY OF GRID

_02 - CURVES

_03 - DIVISION POINTS

_04 - SUB-DIVIDED PANELS

The curves used to generate the surface have been extracted using rhino-vault, a physics based software engine.

The curves have been divided in to an arbitrary number creating an equal

The surface is divided again using an arbitrary figure. These points are NOT

number of points on each curve

used for the division of the surface but rather the simplicity of the surface edges.

_03 - DIVISION POINTS

In this diagram the curves have been divided in to 10 points.

This image show how the reduction of the points leads to a simplified surface The reasoning for the simplification of this system is to test various outputs without the limitations of excessive processing times.

We can then apply a triangular grid to the surface and 3d print the result to test both the application of the rhino-vault solution and the validity of the bespoke panelling program.

Geometry generating system

_05- OFFSET

The greater force which is applied creates a rib in the structure which acts as a beam to take the loads and create equilibrium. _02- DIVIDED SURFACE

_06- LOFT

_04- PANELS _07- VOLUMES / PANELS

_01 - CURVES

_03- DIVISION PARAMETERS

_01 - CURVES

_05 - OFFSET

_07 - VOLUMES

The curves used to generate the surface have been extracted using rhino-vault, a physics based software engine.

The curves are offset internally to create a second set of curves, this happens

The volumes are lofted and join together to create the 3d printable system

on two surface which create a volumetric system

Fabrication system _11- GENERATES PANELS IN QUAD SEQUENCES

_08- ORIENTATION PLANE - A

_10- ORIENTATION

_09- DEFINES ORIENTATION

_08 - ORIENTATION PLANE

To orientate the panels one must define both the start and end plane, this section generates the start planes of the panels

_10 - ORIENTATED PANELS POINTS

_11 - GENERATES PANELS IN QUAD SEQUENCES

This orientated panels are coped/moved from one orientation to another, (flat) based on a grid.

We can then scale and select them to be printed in groups of 4 which fit directly on the printer bed.

Panel model Here a simplified model is produced as the original has over 3000 panels. The custom software creates panels which are extracted and labelled in preparation for production by 3d printing.

Panel production Here the panels are layer out in preparation for large format rapid prototyping - 3d printing

Panel tolerances The panels are printed to the nearest 0.5mm creating a near perfect full scale model of the simulated panel

The panels are loaded in to a slicer software which essentially cuts the panels in to thin slices in preparation for layer by layer selected deposition modelling.

The layers themselves are 0.5mm thickness and each layer can be made of more then 500 typologies of materiality and densityâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s

The printer simply prints each layer of information in the specified materiality and layer by layer the 3 dimensional model is created.

Infinite variation

Regardless of the number of panels the system can always generate a model which can be 3d printed at any scale. Each and every panel is different however the workload is the same. _01 - 10 X 4 - 40 PANELS

The outlines are produced using

rhino vault physics

_05 - 50 X 20 - 1000 PANELS

The loft creates panels sized triangular pieces

_02 - 20 X 8 - 160 PANELS

_03 - 30 X 12 - 320 PANELS

_04 - 40 X 16 640 PANELS

The surface is divided to create printable sized panels

The triangular grid is applied as triangles can be laid

The grid is used to generate a smaller grid offset

flat due to their nature

from the original grid

_07 -70 X 28 - 1960 PANELS

_08 - 80 X 32 -2560 PANELS

_06 - 60 X 24 - 1440 PANELS

These panels are the extruded to create a 3d volume

The panels are then orientated on a square grid in

panel

preparation for fabrication

The panels are then scaled and orientated for best fit on the printer bed.

Design Development This is a study in to the process and structural properties of materials which aims to investigate how a materials properties can be altered by changing it form. In a twist to the standard conceptual theory of form follows function, in nature function follows form. Parametric software has been used to generate cut patterns on to a number sheet materials and these have then been tested for both structural integrity and youngâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s modulus of elasticity in a number of ways to produce a details tectonics foundation.

Architecture and nature are intimatly connected as they occupy the same space and time. They simililary have equal conditions of both live and dead loading and external environment conditions. Architecture can too, be designed in such a way its existence can seem randomly positioned or its form might seem to have vastly complex networks of information that can slip by to the untrained eye. In nature seductivity and beauty or indeed camouflage happen for a reason, not mearly because they can but to perform a function.

DEVELOPMENT SKETCHES _02 - CONCEPTUAL EVOLUTION

_01 - WASTE SYSTEM

One side of the machine

The initial idea was to create a system which could be access from both sides allowing the machine to accept and process waste from each end with a central area for servicing.

Growth would happen over time accord-

_03 - THE PROCESSING MACHINE

_04 - LIVING ORGANISM - NETWORKING

All waste IN

Separation process

Multiple waste streams out

ing to its environmental conditions

The conceptual idea is to create an intervention which is organic in nature which almost blends in to the existing environment. not because good design blend in to its environment - no because good design simply works with its environment and thus by working with its environment its blends seemingly in to the whole.

Building program The

building is a response to the critical issues generated by the way waste is

currently being delt with and seeks to revolutionize the way we process waste.

Desired system

Spacial Requirements

WASTE

AUTOMATED SEPARATING MACHINE

Factory

METALS

BIOMASS

PLASTICS

SOLD

SEPARATED

INSTANT PR0FIT

SOLID

LIQUID

METHANE

EXTRACTED

Monitoring

Bio-digestion

Manned Special suits to be worn Oxygen/air Energy Heat Generate heat Cooling Ventilation Lighting Uninterrupted views Insulation Waterproofing

ADDITIVE

BUILDING MATERIALS

300 Garbage trucks a day deliver 13,000 tons waste

Stage 1 separation process

Stage 2 separation process

Stage 3 separation process

Stage 4 separation process

Compaction & removal

37 trucks per hour

1st. Trommel Drum screens with 2000

2st. Trommel Drum screens with 2000

3rd. Trommel Drum screens with 2000

The compaction process is equivilent to

tons per hour capacity

4th. Two core separation process with 2000 tons per hour capacity

1625 tons per hour

placing item with the same properties in to a packing machien to compress the

Dimensions:- 4.5m * 7m

Dimensions:- 6m * 6m

resources for ease of transportation

Seperating.

Seperating >160mm

Seperating <160mm

Seperating

Dimensions:- 3m * 2m

Long items Soft Items Dust

Light Heavey

Organic Plastics Metals

lift to surface

22m2 per hour

Drop off zone

Stage 1 separation room

Stage 2 separation room

Stage 3 separation room

Stage 4 separation room

Minimum drop off zone 20m2

Minimum room size zone 10m2

40.2m2 per hour dealing with 1/3 of this waste

Building vocabulary

Separation process

The scale of the specific rooms within the building have been derrived directly from the specific requirements of the machinery needed to run within the spaces.

>160 MM LIGHT

LONG ITEMS

TROMMEL SCREEN 3 <160 MM

WASTE DROP OFF

TROMMEL SCREEN 2

TROMMEL SCREEN 1

>160 MM HEAVY

SOFT ITEMS

TROMMEL SCREEN 3 <160 MM

RDF

The flow chart below represents an approximation of material typologies and quantities (tons) per hour.

145.2 290.3

7.3

260.1 114.9

550.4

524.9

550.4

84.3 7.6

234.6

215.2 130.9

98.2

A U T O M A T I O N

PLASTIC

CONTAINERS

METAL

ORGANIC

SOLID FUEL

205.2

A U T O M A T I O N

133.5

26.4

124.6

30.4

56.7

Spacial planning

THE PROCESSING MACHINE

The processing machine is a conceptual sketch developed to facilitate the understanding of the system needed to deal with waste separation.

All waste IN

Separation process

Multiple waste streams out OUT

15M

DROP ZONE

TCS

Delivery point

Trommel separation 1

Trommel separation 2

Trommel separation 3

Two Core System

55M

Delivery space

Sorting facility

The gates need to be able to handle 550 tons per hour. These are the loads delivered by 37 trucks per hour. The system needs to be quick to prevent heavy traffic.

The system needs to be able to handle the loads being delivered daily. Scale of automated sorting machine is critical. Each waste stream is a different quantity

Material out Getting the material out of the system is vital for the system to continue opperation 24 hours a day.

Site integration Existing section AA - 1:500

Barrier

Hudson River

Asphalt Green aquatics centre and playing fields

Franklin d. Roosevelt Drive 6 lane carriegway

Bobby wagner

Existing MTS

walk

no longer in use

Core

epa el s

Extension of green space

Area of development

Getting the material out of the system is

vital for the system to continue opperation

24 hours a day.

epa el s

Deliv

Wasted space

ZONE DROP ery point

Existing MTS & access route

Tromm

rat

ion

Tromm

r epa el s

atio

Tromm

rat

ion

T wo

TCS

Syste

East River

Plan development - factory lower ground The building begins to take form and the regulations of maximum travelling distances dictate the

OUT

ting pac

Com & Lif t

Core

TCS

Two

Syst

Solid

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roo

rat

epa

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mpa

itor

Mon

Tromm

l co

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Mon

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rat

epa

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Tromm

re 1

sto

Fuel

Tromm

roo

16m

epa el s

ARM ARM

ical

han

Mec

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CHP

d bine om el c er tifu pow t&

hea

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Deliv

ZONE DROP ery point

PLANTom

Boile

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The compartmentation of the cores was essential to meet the maximum escape distance of 18m. This plan allows maximum internal area vs fewer cores. The compartmentation cores continue up through the ground and first floors.

Factory roof - vaulting system

Integrating the program and building model in to the site became the masterplan. The development aims to conceal waste delivery and waste separation systemswithin the belly of the design. creating a green roof space above which connects

Enclosed

space

Office level Public footpath Delivery & collection level Factory - Lower ground

Vaults are used to span the road and support the green roof above. Structure

6 lane carriageway Separated by structural column

Waste Drop-off

Waste separation

Materials Out

Barge Drop/ Collect

Section BB - 1:500 B

Section B:B shows the secondary structural system which constist of a the same triangular panels sitting partially in the ground to give the system rigidity. The primary structure here is the cores with the secondary structure being the vaulted ceiling which supports the minimal surface above.

Circulation - externally

Current routes through site

New connections

Gradient

Creating links between spaces and connecting communities through Architecture.

Access to and from the habitable bridge can be from 1 of three points Maximum gradients is 1:12m

East River

FDR Drive acts as a barrier between the city and the East River.

_0.1 - Vechicle Access

_0.2 - Base volume

_0.3 - Stereography

The site has a 6 lane carrageway which directly affects the footing of the building. this has been represented by

The base volume is simplistic box which is derived from the road network and the circulatory current and people who travel accross the site.

Stereography is the method utilized to shape the block

pipes which dictat the minimum height of the habitable bridge

allowing transport to pass underneath to system and through the system for both deliver of waste and collection of resources

_0.4 - Gradients

A curve surface is created using the height needed to span the road (5.3m )and the gradients needed to allow people to walk about safely. (1:12m)

Access _01 - CIRCULATORY CURRENTS

_02 - BRIDGING

FDR Drive is a 6 lane carriageway which separates the city from the Hudson river. Designing the buildings footprint and circulation of both Cars underweight and waste trucks delivers became a large aspect of the scheme.

The first solution was to create a ramp from FRD Drive to the Marine Transfer Station, removing traffic from cutting through where children play.

_03 -LANDSCAPING

_04 - FURTHER REFINEMENT

Next the scheme developed to incorporate a green roof which allows the existing bridge to be used as access from Asphalt Green to the new green space above the up-cycling centre. A landscaped access would give this intervention a seamless appearance.

Further refinement occurred through the addition of a waste separation system which acted as a primary structure to hold the roof up above.

Network of circulatory pathways _01 - WASTE SYSTEM

_02 - UPDATING ROUTES

The next stage was to use the Information which concentrated on waste volumes to create specific spaces relating to the site.

Part of the design was to keep the current paths and networks but re- evaluate the way there system interact with each other. Bobby Wagner walk has been incorporated in to the design which now connects more of the surrounding places.

_03 - TUTRING CIRCLES

_04 - ORIENTATION

Turning circles of garbage trucks played an impotant role in the circulation and position of the final intervention. This created a rule which restricted the minimum size of the overall intervention based on the turning circle allowance needed 20.4m radius.

The orinetation was originally dictated by the turning circle and space needed to move and seperate the waste into its componant parts. Further refinement was achieved by the addition of pathways over the site creating natural desier lines through the site.

The park _01 - CONNECTIONS

_02 - LANDSCAPING THE ROOF

The plan has been developed to create links between all routes through the site with specific attention

The roof has been designed in such a way they areas are specifc to certain typologies of planing based on

to spanning distances and path gradients

the relative hights of the soil below which is a direct result of the overally thickness of the strcuture underneither needed to span the specific area.

_03 -DIRECTION OF VEHICLES & ACCESS

_04 - FURTHER REFINEMENT

This diagram shows the direction of traffic both on FDR Drive and the system itself, Access to the facility is from the roadside as there is a turning circle 250m down the road to allow traffic from both

The internal system uses a series of separation technologies which need specific dimensional requirement to facilitate waste separation. The FIVE area as in a linearseries which allow waste to progress in a linear journey to the end result.

dirction to access the facitity

Axonometric build-up

DIAGRAMMING THE SCRIPTS. The next set of diagrams are visual interpretations of coded systems which essentially create the logic required to script the building envolope

SCRIPT PLANNING _01 - BASIC OUTLINES

_02 - VECTOR HEIGHT

The shell of this system is defined by a series of lines

Each line/curve is divided in to a series of points. These points are raised of lowered to simulate a flowing surface.

_03 - LOFTED SURFACE

_04 - VOLUMETRIC

The surface is generated using the curves which creates a minimalist surface

The surface acts as a barrier between the busy road network underneith and the quite safe tranquill part above and ultimatly connects the city to the sea through a green link.allows fluid travel both below and above by

_05 - INTEGRATION

_06 - LANDSCAPING THE ROOF

The building is integrated within the surface so to the untrained eye the system looks nothing more than an extravegant structure holdign the park up above. Parts of the building are partially underground to give the building the required height and reduce the overall scale of the intervention.

Sections of the systems green roof fold down and meet the ground creating a structurally active system, these areas also create opening within the space and these have been utilized and planting zones for larger shrubs and trees.

_07 -CONSTRUCTION POINTS

_08 - SIMULATED SURFACE

Generating the complex form of the roof required the invention of two seperate systems which needed

Here the sketch represents a simulated surface generated from a sereis of curves which have been derrived from a series of vector heights, which in turn have been generated from a physics based modelling simulation.

to take advantage of both physics based modelling and translation scripts to produce a singular surface from a complex network of information.

Concept model

Scripting Site Parameters The site parameters defined earlier on have been created digitally to allow the building to respond and develop alongside specific input creating feedback which is essentially live data.

The scripted form _01 - BASE CURVES & EXTRUDE

_01 - EXTRUDED BASE CURVES

The base curves have been generated using site parameters, these curves define the boundaryâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s of the building

_02 -GEOMETRY TO REMOVE & DIFFERENCE

_02 -GEOMETRY TO REMOVE

These pipes define the volumes which need to be extracted from the building. These allow cars to travel underneath, diameter based on head room needed for lorry 4.5m

_03 - GRADIENT GENERATOR

_02.1 - DIFFERENCE

_03 - GRADIENT GENERATOR

The pipes are then boolean differenced from the building and a form begins to take shape.

The gradient is applied to the surface allowing people to walk over the building without breaking compliance, 1:12 Max gradient.

_04 - PILLAR CURVES

_06 - BOOLEAN UNION

_07 - EXTRACTED POINTS

_05 - BOOLEAN DIFFERENCE

_04 - COLUMNS / PILLARS

_05 - BOOLEAN DIFFERENCE

_06 - BOOLEAN UNION

_07 - EXTRACTED POINTS

This part of the script applies columns to the areas of the building which meet the ground.

The columns are extruded and intersect with the base surface to create a void in the surface.

The columns and surface are unionised to create a mesh

This points of the mesh are extracted to allow the simu-

surface which can be put through a physics simulator

lator to create a new minimal surface from the original

The physics engine _03 - CLOSEST POINTS

_02 - POINTS & CURVES _04 - PHYSICS OUTPUT

_01 - BASE CURVES & EXTRUDE

_03.1 - CLOSEST POINTS

_01 - BASE CURVES & EXTRUDE

_02 - POINTS & CURVES

_03 - CLOSEST POINTS

_04 - PHYSICS OUTPUT

The base curves are used to generate two kinds of sur-

The surface is meshed and the mesh vertices and mesh edges are extracted.

The mesh vertices are further refined by culling all points which intersect with two or more surfaces.

These points along with the original mesh go in to the

face which are then joined together

physics generator which creates a minimal surface

The lines indicate the tiles, as these tiles are near impossible to print due to this scale

Here the surface triangular panels have been divided equally creating smaller tiles with less stress.

Here the surface is been put through a computer simulation which apply physical forces to the surface. The software is capable of indicating parts of the surface that are under the most stress. The portion of the surface which is red will be more dense and have a deeper profile to counteract the forces.

Feedback-loop and Re-evaluation scripting This section of the portfolio uses all the information gained using the site script, it also gathers information from the physics based script to generate a complete surface which can then be used to generate the panelling system

Translation script

_02 - POINT HEIGHT

_01 - DEFINES THE NEW POINTS

_01 - DEFINES NEW POINTS

This section of the script defines new points which simulate the point origins from the physics script on a planar surface.

_02 - CURVES FROM POINTS

Curves are created from the interpolation of the said points. The curves are then divided to create a more numerous and detail model.

_03 - POINT HEIGHT

_04 - SIMPLE CURVE

The points are given a height based on the height of the physics engine.

The points are used to generate simple curves which approximate the geometry

_04 - TILE GENERATOR _03 - LOFT & DIVIDE

_05 - LOFT

The curves are lofted and used to generate a singular minimal surface,

_06 - DIVIDE

The minimal surface

_07 - TRIANGULATION

is divided using a parametric varia-

ble creating a panelled version of the physics based model

This section of the script takes the quad based model and transforms it in the a triangular based model. The triangulation of the panels creates simplified geometry that can be printed flat and the triangular based system is far superior at load distribution then a quad based mesh

_08 - TILE GENERATOR

This section of the script generates 3 dimensional tiles from the flat panels, each tile is unique

Connection development The node detail developed over time from a simple compressive system to one using locator clips which would improve the tolerance as each piece is fixed in a precise position.

_01 - BASIC TILE

_02 - TESTING - 3D PRINTED FIXING

The panels are designed with tapered edges which create a 3d jigsaw system capable of

A 3d print was successfully created using the bespoke software however issues relating to

supporting and distributing loads equally

the tolerance were raised and a secondary node detail was design to allow the pieces to be located accurately

_03 - BASIC FIXING

Research was undertaken in to the type of node fixing detail which would be used to locate each panel. The first idea was to use a node connection detail however this reduces the overall thickness of the panels where they all meet essentially reducing the overall capacity of compressive system.

_04 - UNDERSIDE OF SYSTEM

Upon further development the I bracket was integrated in to the design creating a seamless compressive system. The â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Iâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; bracket can be tightened allowing the panesls to be positioned and locked.

_01

_02

Planted grass roof with two layer root

Neoprene ladder gasket

resistant waterproof felt

panels creating watertight seal.

in-between all

_03

_04

3D printed using selective deposition

Panels are design to be accessible and are

modelling to create triangular panels

removable for maintenance issues from

approx. 1200mm edge length x 350mm

underneath with M10 bolts which fix

depth creating a compressive structure.

directly in to the KTS flooring system.

Material Annalysis Selective deposition modelling in advanced composite materials Advanced polymer matrix composites. (ACMs) are also known as high strength fibres with unusually high stiffness, or modulus of elasticity characteristics. Selective deposition modelling uses 3d printing technology with the addition of advanced composite materials the system can create multiple densityâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s and resistances throughout a singular printed object based on the requirements and environmental conditions it will be exposed to.

_01 - Form

_02 - Structure

_04 - Fire resistance

_03 - Insulation

The panels have been designed with sustainability in mind. The sections which come in to context in a compressive

Elements which are under large amount of stress have been

manor have a greater depth in order to deal with the loads

this will happen through specific material deposition.

All panels are coated in fire retartant layers which are synthesized by incorporating fire-resistant additives and fillers within the polymers.

Thermal performance of the system happens through selective material deposition. Insulation becomes part of each panel through multiple levels of densityâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s and relating to the composite material properties.

created using a advanced composites creating a ridged material,

and the internal edges have been tapered to reduce weight.

3mm heat resistant ACM 25mm high tensile ACM Internal infill using low density hexagon lattice high tensile ACM

Legislative framework Buildings have to be Safe & accessible both pre and post construction. Throughout the whole building life-cycle they must and limit waste and essentially reduce environmental damage.

_01 - Structural safety

_02 - Fire safety

_03 - Resistant to environmental conditions

_04 - Compliance Overall the designs materiality should provide a compliant building. Other issues such as head room under a highway of 5m has been met and minimum ramp of 1/12 has been applied. Further issues of noise will be dealt with by internal insulation within the service void.

Is quickly gaining reputation as a structural ma-

Fire safety could be seen as an issue for structur-

terial with the advancement of composites which

al polymer compressive systems however special

offer High strength, Corrosion resistant, Light-

additives such as fire retardant resins can be added

As the main body of the structure is ACM, it requires no maintenance as is resistant to all weather conditions. Other elements such as the marine grade plywood deck

weight structure which meet all the requirements.

to the ACM mix giving it greater properties then

have been specifically chosen because of their abilities to

timber.

withstand harsh environments

Construction sequence The construction sequence is a simple process consisting of groundwork and connection the jigsaw like panels to create the overall compressive system.

_01 - CURRENT SITE

_02 - OVERNIGHT - DEMOLITION

_03 - GROUNDWORK S - GEO-TECHNICAL SYSTEM

2 1

The site sits directly over a 6 lane carriageway, Firstly the existing bridge and Marine Transfer Station (MTS) will need to be demolished. For this process the road will need to be closed.

Over a single night the bridge will be demolished. The ground will

1. The current volume is an 800mm concrete block system

be covered with a protective layer which will prevent the road from being damaged and trucks will cart the debris enabling the road to

2. The current foundation is a 2500mm pad foundation with

open the following day

drilled piles 600mm diameter.

3. The existing footing can be retained and a new 3d printed ground connection will be installed

_04 - NEW COLUMN

The new column will be of a similar scale to the original. It will be a series of triangular 3d printed panels which fix together creating a compressive system which utilise the existing footing

_05 - ARCH POSITIONING

The arch will be constructed adjacent to the road and will be positioned using a crane which is capable of guiding the system in to place whereby it can be fixed in to position and self supporting.

_06 - CONNECTION DETAIL

Connection will be through a series of â&#x20AC;&#x2122;Iâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; brackets which will be use to locate and position each panel. This bracket can then be tightened to create compression between each panel.

Plans

Site plan Plan scaled 1:2500

The intervention operates on three planes of existance, Firstly - providing a much needed connection over FDR Drive. Secondly - Creating a modern alternative to landfilling by utilising up-cycle waste to create a building material with which can then be used to grow. Thirdly - Facilitats the separation and movement of NYC waste in to new forms fo resources. 1. Form The form and orientation is dictated and govenred by the connections the system is required to make. 2. Access Access is via three points, two of which are positioned on FRD drive and the third connects the existiong green space (Asphalt green) to the east river walk (Bobby Wagner walk)

Lower ground plan

01. Store 02. Boiler room 03. Waste deliver zone 04. CHP room 05. 1st Process 06. 2nd Process 07. 3rd Process 08 Chp fuel store 09. Wash room 10. Locker room 11. Male/female WC 12. Vertical circulation 13. 4th Process - out 14. Monitoring room 1 15. Monitoring room 2 16. Mechanical claw systems room 17. Vertical circulation 18. Male/female W/C

Plan scaled 1:500

12 10 13 09 14 08

07 15 06 16 05 17

04 03

18 02 01

Ground floor plan

01. Delivery acccess 02. Collection access 03. Fire exit 04. Security 05. Drop of zone 06. Store 07. Reception 08. FDR Drive 09. Car park 10. Entrance 11. Shower room 12. Store 13. Collection zone 14. Barge deliver zone

Plan scaled 1:500

08 10 11 12 13

07 06

04 03

First floor plan

01. Access from (Asphalt green) 02. Green roof and planting areas 03. Structure 04. Male/female W/C 05. Kitchenet 06. Vertical circulation 07. Ramped acces to tiered office 08. Lower office 09. Intermediate office 10. Outdoor space

Plan scaled 1:500 03

06 07

10 01 02

Circulation diagrams

_01 - EXTERNAL CIRCULATION

_02 - FDR DRIVE

_03 - WASTE DELIVERY ROUTE

_04 - WASTE SEPERATION PROCESS

_05 - MATERIAL COLLECTION ROUTE

Section A : A Manhattan

was built as an artificial space, on a

Grid

that is imprinted on the ground and ignores the

nature of the island.

Yet, the Grid itself remains open and expandable, while its boundaries are determined by the edges of the island, the Grid expands as the coastline moves outward with artificial extensions. The gridded island can thus be read as a sampling of a virtually unlimited grid, a centrifugal grid without a centre.

Rem Koolhaas

01. Typical foundation reinforced conctrete piles 600mm diameter. 02. Compressive structural panels 03. Green roof with minimum 150mm topsoil cover 04. Cavity in structure with seating 05. No 3 lanes of FDR drive 06. No 3 lanes of FDR drive 07. Glazed lightwell in planeted roof 08. CHP room 09.Waste delivery point 10. Main fprocessing space

11. 1 /4 Trommel seperation machines 12. Natural ventilation shaft 13. Lower office 14. Glazed lightwell in planeted roof 15. Mechanical arm - control room 16. Intermediate office 17. Mechanical vertical delivery barge point 18. Office courtyard with 1200mm balustrade 19. Public right of way (No access through to building) 20. Waste/resource collection point

Section B : B 01

01. Underside of structure 02. Structure 03. Cores (W/C, stairwell) 04. Structral columns 05. Waste delivery shaft 06. Waste delivery room 07. Trommel seperation 1 08. Trommel seperation 2 09. Trommel seperation 3 10. Waste/Resource collection 11. Void is structure

The following image shows the scheme from the east river looking South West with Manhattanâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s skyline in the background.

The following image shows the scheme from the east river looking North West with some of the housing block behind. The scheme begins hide in plain sight.

The following image shows the scheme from FDR Drive, a No 6 lane carrigeway which follows the perimeter of Manhattan. Hee the scheme is in direct contrast to the surrounding environment however its sleek curves and complex yet repetive form allow this urban intervention to sit neatly within its environment.

Models

_01 - SCALED MODEL 1:200

The model has been 3d printed using nylon to show the scale and complexity of the given system.

_02 - VAULT DETAIL SCALED 1:50

Model simulates the construction typology of the entire system focusing of how this singular element which in itself is in broad terms â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;a specialâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; can be arrayed in a number of orientations to produce something with unlimited variability

_03 - VAULT DETAIL SCALED 1:100

_04 - NODE AND PANEL DETAIL SCALED 1:10

The panel has been printed to show the level of variation within each element. The node detailâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s are all the same allowing this system to be constructed easily.

APPENDIX

EXPLORATION OF THE POTENTIAL OF ADDITIVE MODELLING This is a study in to the process and of 3d printing. For this aspect of my theses I purchased a 3d printer in a kit of parts and began construction.

The construction -

Following images and instructions taken direct from manufacturers site coherent as of 15/04/2014

The construction of the 3d printer had well over 1000 steps which covered the connection and calibration of over 700 pieces. This a brief overview of the steps taken to construct the 3d printer.

_01

_05

_08

_12

_09

_02 _06

_13 _03 _10 _07

_04

_11

Fig 1 - 7 were simple modules constructed, the first was a base to run along the tracks, the second was a base for the heat bed. Fig 8 - 13 covered the installation of the stepper motor in conjunction with the micro-switch which enabled the 3d printed to know its precise location.

_14

_16

_17

_21

_19

_20

_22

_15

_23

_18

Fig 14 - 18

was the

frame base construction which

with the footings.

Fig 19 - 20 covered the base tracks which consisted of bearings running along a steel dowel giving the printed horizontal movement.

Fig 21 - 23 shows the vertical construction of the A-frame, together with the vertical steel dowel to allow vertical movement.

Continued......... _24

_27

_25

_26

_29

_31

_30

_32

_28

Fig 24 - 27 was a simple module constructed to allow vertical movement of the 3d printer, consisting of a case with encased bearings inside. Fig 28 - 30 Show the threaded dowel which allows the motor to create vertical movement from a horizontal axis

Fig 31 - 32 Show the final A-frame system and the constructed printer extruder which had just a many steps as

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_34

_35

_38

_41

_42 _36

_39

_43

_37 _40

Fig 33 - 34 Show the printer bed being attached to the A-frame, in 34 the levels of the a-frame can be levelled using a series of screws at each corner. Fig 35 - 40 covered motherboard installation which had Several wires to be cut, striped and tipped which enabled the wires to be joined at the correct places and wired up using the provided diagram.

Fig 40 - 43 shows the vertical axis stepper motor being wired up the main-board.

Continued......... _44

_45

_49

_47

_48

_46

Fig 44 - 46 Show the printer nozzle. This stage required the use of several electronic testing equipment. The construction consists of a brass nozzel which extrudes the filament, a heating element which need to reach temperatures of

210 degrees to melt the filament, The heating element needs a heat thermostat to control current to the heating element by means of a temperature gauge.

A PTFE insulation element to control the exchange of heat from the nozzel to the extruder. Fig 47 - 48 Show

the final bolts used to connect the

nozzel to the extruder

Fig 49 shows final constructed 3d printer.

Calibration 01 Once the printer was built, the calibration was the next stage of the build. This required the testing of all the individual components used to construct the 3d printer.

_50

_51

_52

_53

Calibration continued... The buildings is a response to the critical issues generated by the way waste is currently being dealt with and seeks to revolutionize the way we process waste.

_54

_55

_56

_57

Fig 54 - 57 Show simple way.

the various testing of the motors.

They

work in a relative

The software is open source so you have to specify what parameters your printer has. The Velleman k8200 is a 200 x 200 x 200 printing bed size. This variable allows the stepper motors to NOT go beyond 200 steps.

_58

_60

_59

_61

Fig 58 - 61 show the printer has a home position which is determined by micro switch controllers. These work by asking the printer to return to home upon which the printer moves the bed from its current position to the maximum distance on all motors until it hits these micro-switches. This location is then defined as home, and only 200 steps in any direction is allowed from this position.

_62

_64

_63

Fig 62 - 63 show the printer nozzel finding the home position, the bed is then raised/lowered the allow a .25mm gap between the printer bed and the nozzel.

Fig 64 shows the first item designed by Velleman to be printed on the 3d printer.

TESTING STAGE

This stage covers the initial first prints and begins to break down the limitation of additive modelling with regards to accuracy & material rigidity. All models have been scripted parametrically to allow small changes to be made if necessary.

Basic gridshell skin

_3 - GRID TYPE _02 - CIRCLE RADIUS

The script create a parametric tube with variable diameters, this is then used as a bases to apply a structure too. The purpose of this script was to generate a number of simple structured objects to test the 3d printer.

_01 - POINT & MOVE

_02 - CIRCLE RADIUS

A point is generated and moved

Two

in a z direction

each point with a given radius

circles are generated at

_01 - POINT & MOVE

_3 - GRID TYPE

A structure is applied to the surface of the geometry which has a number of variables relating to grid typology and size of grid cells.

_4 - PIPED GEOMETRY

Further refinement The script used to create a parametric tube with multiple grid typologies is applied to generate a hexagonal grid tube. The purpose of this print was to test the capabilities of the 3d printer.

Simulating wind This particular scripts simulates wind on a surface and allows the surface to transform to create the most efficient form.

Mimicking bird skulls The script creates a parametric slice of a circular bird skull structure whic can then be sent directly to the 3d printer.

_05 - BOUNDARY SURFACE _01 - CIRCLES FROM POINT

_02- DIVIDE CURVE

_03- INTERPOLATE POINTS

_04 - MIRRORS

_06 - BOOLEAN DIFFERENCE

_01 - CIRCLES FROM POINT

_02- DIVIDE CURVE

_03- INTERPOLATE

_04 - MIRROR

_05 - BOUNDARY SURFACE

_06 - BOOLEAN DIFFERENCE

Several circles are generated from a

Each circle is divided to create more points in series, this points are connected to create lines between batch-

These

These arch are mirror to create a se-

The

ries of parametric closed curves

create a boundary surface

The boundary surface is then used as a template to trim from a large cir-

singular point

es of points

points are interpolated to create

circular arcs between batches

closed curves are then used to

cle leaving behind the bird skull like structure

The purpose on this model was to imitate the system of a bird skull be reducing weight and overall volume of material whilst still remaining strong. This system need developing in to a 3 dimensional object.

3-Dimensional - hollow structures The script creates a parametric slice of a circular bird skull structure whic can then be sent directly to the 3d printer. _01 - CIRCLES FROM POINT

_02- DIVIDE CURVE

_03- SPHERES

Several circles are generated from a

Each circle is divided to create more points in series, this points are connected to create lines between batch-

These points are used to generate a series of spheres of 3 scales.

singular point

es of points

_04 - INTERSECT

The

spheres are tested for intersec-

tion.

_05 -DISPATCH

_06 - BOOLEAN DIFFERENCE

Dispatch

The

spheres

removes all intersection

spheres are boolean differenced

from a tube structure leaving behind a hollowed out structure

The model printed well in all scales and the structure remain stiff with the added benefit of using less material and making the object lighter in the process.

Minimal surfaces using physics engine The script creates a parametric slice of a circular bird skull structure whic can then be sent directly to the 3d printer.

_05 - FORCES _01 - POINT & MOVE

_02 - CIRCLE & RADIUS

_03 - MESH DIVISION

_01 - POINT & MOVE

A point is generated and moved in a Z axis

_02- CIRCLE & RADIUS

_03- MESH DIVISION

_04 - EDGES

_05 - FORCES

The circles are lofted and mesh and Divided creating a number of mesh Surfaces

The edges of the meshes are extracted

The surface is then

circle is generated at each point

with a given radius

_06 - RESULTS

_04 - EDGES

_06 - RESULTING SURFACE

sent through a

forces engine and the surface is relaxed

Here the edges are selected showing the deformation of the mesh.

Schwarz p surface In differential geometry, the Schwarz minimal surfaces are periodic minimal surfaces originally described by Hermann Schwarz.

_02 - EXTRUDE _03 - MESH & CAT-MULL CLARK

_04 - PREVIEW

_01 - BOX

_02 - EXTRUDE

_03 - MESH & CAT-MULL CLARK

_04 - RENDERED PREVIEW

A basic box is generate using a parametric slider

The box edges are extrudes according to their

The box is then meshed and sent through a cat-

A high resolution preview is applied

face normals using a parametric slider

mull clack subdivision which relaxes the mesh

ADDITIVE MODELLING - CONCLUSION Additive modelling or 3d printing can create very complex forms without the complex manufacturing processes. The form which were developed were all compressive systems and acted like concrete structure in the way they distributed forces to the ground.

Scripting Morphogenesis _01

The following scripts generates a cut pattern which through the use of scissor action has the ability to expand.

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_05

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_07

1, defines the start position of the larger circle which becomes the centre point for the geometry, this circle is divided in to any number of points. _09

generates the secondary circles from the generated points, the

radius is parametric.

3, this is the logic behind the script, three points are generated from a number of intersection points between neighbouring circles and an arc is formed

generates a section of the expandable geometry and positions

holes for screws and give the piece depth where it is needed.

_08

5, takes the generated section and from (4) and creates a mirrors line between the canter of the arc and the start position of the original larger circle. 6, rotates section (5) around the start position (1) any number of required times by division 360 degrees with the number of section required. 7, shows the geometry in a slightly open position 8,

show the geometry in a more open position which explains the

morphogenesis form construction.

9, Shows

the cut pattern created by grasshopper which are to be

laser cut in preparation to fabrication

Fabricating Morphogenesis In this example the pieces have been laser cut and constructed. The three images show the system expanding.