Proposition - New New York - Inhabiting up-cycled waste feed Continue development of the waste management plan:Use the waste which is generated by the city to produce more land Redesign the marine transfer station to become an up-cycling centre Utilise the current site access ramp and roof space as a new habitable space, (New New York)
The definition of waste can be described as ‘a substance or material that is no longer useful after the completion of a process’ The purpose of this project is to re-define our concept of waste material by looking at materials specific properties in relation to products in combination with buildings and specific elements of buildings. More specifically, how we can use somewhat previouse waste in new innovative ways. The project is an investigation into 3d printed systems through the use of computation simulation on a large scale. therfore by expanding the system of construction would show the process from concept to finalisation of the structural system. The idea is to develop a rigorous understanding of the components of the system and how they would best go together.
Minimal surface
The greater force which is applied creates a rib in the structure which acts as a beam to take the loads and create equilibrium. In this next exploration elements have been carried forward from the compressive research and combined with minimal surfaces to create a digital simulation of a compressive minimal surface. _01 - INITIAL SURFACES
_02 - EDGE CURVES
_03 - RV - FORM DIAGRAM
_04 - RV - RELAX
The three surfaces are used to generate the initial
The edge curves define the open edges of the vault
The form diagram is generated
Horizontal
form diagram
equilibrium is generated using the RV -
relax diagram which smooths the form
_05 - CULL EDGES
_06 - DUAL GRAPH
_07 - RV - FORM DIAGRAM
_08 - RV - MODIFY
Some edges need deleting in order to create an open-
The coloured dots show the angle deviation of edges
The form diagram is generated and smoothed
The nodes are given a specific weight function which
ing in the centre of the vault
which are not in horizontal equilibrium
_09- COLOUR ANALYSIS
_10 - MESH SURFACE
_11 -RV - MODIFY
_12 - RV - VERTICAL
Based on horizontal equilibrium the thrust network is
The mesh helps with visualising the open structure
The modifier allows opening to be defined
The mesh needs updating to show the void in the
computed using the vertical command
creates form during horizontal equilibrium
surface
Scripting solutions - Fabrication methodologies This script generates a surface from two curves. This surface can then be sub-divided to create a panelled system which can be used to generate the outer shell of a building. In the following chapter a series of experiments were performed which resulted in a simulated fabrication techniques. The end results were printable components.
_02 - CURVES
_03 - DIVISION POINTS _04 - SUB-DIVIDED PANELS
_01 - DENSITY OF GRID
_02 - CURVES
_03 - DIVISION POINTS
_04 - SUB-DIVIDED PANELS
The curves used to generate the surface have been extracted using rhino-vault, a physics based software engine.
The curves have been divided in to an arbitrary number creating an equal
The surface is divided again using an arbitrary figure. These points are NOT
number of points on each curve
used for the division of the surface but rather the simplicity of the surface edges.
_03 - DIVISION POINTS
_03 - DIVISION POINTS
_03 - DIVISION POINTS
In this diagram the curves have been divided in to 10 points.
This image show how the reduction of the points leads to a simplified surface The reasoning for the simplification of this system is to test various outputs without the limitations of excessive processing times.
We can then apply a triangular grid to the surface and 3d print the result to test both the application of the rhino-vault solution and the validity of the bespoke panelling program.
Geometry generating system
_05- OFFSET
The greater force which is applied creates a rib in the structure which acts as a beam to take the loads and create equilibrium. _02- DIVIDED SURFACE
_06- LOFT
_04- PANELS _07- VOLUMES / PANELS
_01 - CURVES
_03- DIVISION PARAMETERS
_01 - CURVES
_05 - OFFSET
_07 - VOLUMES
The curves used to generate the surface have been extracted using rhino-vault, a physics based software engine.
The curves are offset internally to create a second set of curves, this happens
The volumes are lofted and join together to create the 3d printable system
on two surface which create a volumetric system
Fabrication system _11- GENERATES PANELS IN QUAD SEQUENCES
_08- ORIENTATION PLANE - A
_10- ORIENTATION
_09- DEFINES ORIENTATION
_08 - ORIENTATION PLANE
To orientate the panels one must define both the start and end plane, this section generates the start planes of the panels
_10 - ORIENTATED PANELS POINTS
_11 - GENERATES PANELS IN QUAD SEQUENCES
This orientated panels are coped/moved from one orientation to another, (flat) based on a grid.
We can then scale and select them to be printed in groups of 4 which fit directly on the printer bed.
Panel model Here a simplified model is produced as the original has over 3000 panels. The custom software creates panels which are extracted and labelled in preparation for production by 3d printing.
Panel production Here the panels are layer out in preparation for large format rapid prototyping - 3d printing
Panel tolerances The panels are printed to the nearest 0.5mm creating a near perfect full scale model of the simulated panel
The panels are loaded in to a slicer software which essentially cuts the panels in to thin slices in preparation for layer by layer selected deposition modelling.
The layers themselves are 0.5mm thickness and each layer can be made of more then 500 typologies of materiality and density’s
The printer simply prints each layer of information in the specified materiality and layer by layer the 3 dimensional model is created.
The scripted form _01 - BASE CURVES & EXTRUDE
_01 - EXTRUDED BASE CURVES
The base curves have been generated using site parameters, these curves define the boundary’s of the building
_02 -GEOMETRY TO REMOVE & DIFFERENCE
_02 -GEOMETRY TO REMOVE
These pipes define the volumes which need to be extracted from the building. These allow cars to travel underneath, diameter based on head room needed for lorry 4.5m
_03 - GRADIENT GENERATOR
_02.1 - DIFFERENCE
_03 - GRADIENT GENERATOR
The pipes are then boolean differenced from the building and a form begins to take shape.
The gradient is applied to the surface allowing people to walk over the building without breaking compliance, 1:12 Max gradient.
_04 - PILLAR CURVES
_06 - BOOLEAN UNION
_07 - EXTRACTED POINTS
_05 - BOOLEAN DIFFERENCE
_04 - COLUMNS / PILLARS
_05 - BOOLEAN DIFFERENCE
_06 - BOOLEAN UNION
_07 - EXTRACTED POINTS
This part of the script applies columns to the areas of the building which meet the ground.
The columns are extruded and intersect with the base surface to create a void in the surface.
The columns and surface are unionised to create a mesh
This points of the mesh are extracted to allow the simu-
surface which can be put through a physics simulator
lator to create a new minimal surface from the original
The physics engine _03 - CLOSEST POINTS
_02 - POINTS & CURVES _04 - PHYSICS OUTPUT
_01 - BASE CURVES & EXTRUDE
_03.1 - CLOSEST POINTS
_01 - BASE CURVES & EXTRUDE
_02 - POINTS & CURVES
_03 - CLOSEST POINTS
_04 - PHYSICS OUTPUT
The base curves are used to generate two kinds of sur-
The surface is meshed and the mesh vertices and mesh edges are extracted.
The mesh vertices are further refined by culling all points which intersect with two or more surfaces.
These points along with the original mesh go in to the
face which are then joined together
physics generator which creates a minimal surface
The lines indicate the tiles, as these tiles are near impossible to print due to this scale
Here the surface triangular panels have been divided equally creating smaller tiles with less stress.
Here the surface is been put through a computer simulation which apply physical forces to the surface. The software is capable of indicating parts of the surface that are under the most stress. The portion of the surface which is red will be more dense and have a deeper profile to counteract the forces.
Translation script
_02 - POINT HEIGHT
_01 - DEFINES THE NEW POINTS
_01 - DEFINES NEW POINTS
This section of the script defines new points which simulate the point origins from the physics script on a planar surface.
_02 - CURVES FROM POINTS
Curves are created from the interpolation of the said points. The curves are then divided to create a more numerous and detail model.
_03 - POINT HEIGHT
_04 - SIMPLE CURVE
The points are given a height based on the height of the physics engine.
The points are used to generate simple curves which approximate the geometry
_04 - TILE GENERATOR _03 - LOFT & DIVIDE
_05 - LOFT
The curves are lofted and used to generate a singular minimal surface,
_06 - DIVIDE
The minimal surface
_07 - TRIANGULATION
is divided using a parametric varia-
ble creating a panelled version of the physics based model
This section of the script takes the quad based model and transforms it in the a triangular based model. The triangulation of the panels creates simplified geometry that can be printed flat and the triangular based system is far superior at load distribution then a quad based mesh
_08 - TILE GENERATOR
This section of the script generates 3 dimensional tiles from the flat panels, each tile is unique
Connection development The node detail developed over time from a simple compressive system to one using locator clips which would improve the tolerance as each piece is fixed in a precise position.
_01 - BASIC TILE
_02 - TESTING - 3D PRINTED FIXING
The panels are designed with tapered edges which create a 3d jigsaw system capable of
A 3d print was successfully created using the bespoke software however issues relating to
supporting and distributing loads equally
the tolerance were raised and a secondary node detail was design to allow the pieces to be located accurately
_03 - BASIC FIXING
Research was undertaken in to the type of node fixing detail which would be used to locate each panel. The first idea was to use a node connection detail however this reduces the overall thickness of the panels where they all meet essentially reducing the overall capacity of compressive system.
_04 - UNDERSIDE OF SYSTEM
Upon further development the I bracket was integrated in to the design creating a seamless compressive system. The ‘I’ bracket can be tightened allowing the panesls to be positioned and locked.
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Planted grass roof with two layer root
Neoprene ladder gasket
resistant waterproof felt
panels creating watertight seal.
in-between all
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3D printed using selective deposition
Panels are design to be accessible and are
modelling to create triangular panels
removable for maintenance issues from
approx. 1200mm edge length x 350mm
underneath with M10 bolts which fix
depth creating a compressive structure.
directly in to the KTS flooring system.
Material Annalysis Selective deposition modelling in advanced composite materials Advanced polymer matrix composites. (ACMs) are also known as high strength fibres with unusually high stiffness, or modulus of elasticity characteristics. Selective deposition modelling uses 3d printing technology with the addition of advanced composite materials the system can create multiple density’s and resistances throughout a singular printed object based on the requirements and environmental conditions it will be exposed to.
_01 - Form
_02 - Structure
_04 - Fire resistance
_03 - Insulation
The panels have been designed with sustainability in mind. The sections which come in to context in a compressive
Elements which are under large amount of stress have been
manor have a greater depth in order to deal with the loads
this will happen through specific material deposition.
All panels are coated in fire retartant layers which are synthesized by incorporating fire-resistant additives and fillers within the polymers.
Thermal performance of the system happens through selective material deposition. Insulation becomes part of each panel through multiple levels of density’s and relating to the composite material properties.
created using a advanced composites creating a ridged material,
and the internal edges have been tapered to reduce weight.
3mm heat resistant ACM 25mm high tensile ACM Internal infill using low density hexagon lattice high tensile ACM
Legislative framework Buildings have to be Safe & accessible both pre and post construction. Throughout the whole building life-cycle they must and limit waste and essentially reduce environmental damage.
_01 - Structural safety
_02 - Fire safety
_03 - Resistant to environmental conditions
_04 - Compliance Overall the designs materiality should provide a compliant building. Other issues such as head room under a highway of 5m has been met and minimum ramp of 1/12 has been applied. Further issues of noise will be dealt with by internal insulation within the service void.
Is quickly gaining reputation as a structural ma-
Fire safety could be seen as an issue for structur-
terial with the advancement of composites which
al polymer compressive systems however special
offer High strength, Corrosion resistant, Light-
additives such as fire retardant resins can be added
As the main body of the structure is ACM, it requires no maintenance as is resistant to all weather conditions. Other elements such as the marine grade plywood deck
weight structure which meet all the requirements.
to the ACM mix giving it greater properties then
have been specifically chosen because of their abilities to
timber.
withstand harsh environments
Construction sequence The construction sequence is a simple process consisting of groundwork and connection the jigsaw like panels to create the overall compressive system.
_01 - CURRENT SITE
_02 - OVERNIGHT - DEMOLITION
_03 - GROUNDWORK S - GEO-TECHNICAL SYSTEM
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The site sits directly over a 6 lane carriageway, Firstly the existing bridge and Marine Transfer Station (MTS) will need to be demolished. For this process the road will need to be closed.
Over a single night the bridge will be demolished. The ground will
1. The current volume is an 800mm concrete block system
be covered with a protective layer which will prevent the road from being damaged and trucks will cart the debris enabling the road to open the following day
2. The current foundation is a 2500mm pad foundation with drilled piles 600mm diameter. 3. The existing footing can be retained and a new 3d printed ground connection will be installed
_04 - NEW COLUMN
The new column will be of a similar scale to the original. It will be a series of triangular 3d printed panels which fix together creating a compressive system which utilise the existing footing
_05 - ARCH POSITIONING
The arch will be constructed adjacent to the road and will be positioned using a crane which is capable of guiding the system in to place whereby it can be fixed in to position and self supporting.
_06 - CONNECTION DETAIL
Connection will be through a series of ’I’ brackets which will be use to locate and position each panel. This bracket can then be tightened to create compression between each panel.
Axonometric build-up
Plans
Site plan Plan scaled 1:2500
The intervention operates on three planes of existance, Firstly - providing a much needed connection over FDR Drive. Secondly - Creating a modern alternative to landfilling by utilising up-cycle waste to create a building material with which can then be used to grow. Thirdly - Facilitats the separation and movement of NYC waste in to new forms fo resources. 1. Form The form and orientation is dictated and govenred by the connections the system is required to make. 2. Access Access is via three points, two of which are positioned on FRD drive and the third connects the existiong green space (Asphalt green) to the east river walk (Bobby Wagner walk)
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Lower ground plan
01. Store 02. Boiler room 03. Waste deliver zone 04. CHP room 05. 1st Process 06. 2nd Process 07. 3rd Process 08 Chp fuel store 09. Wash room 10. Locker room 11. Male/female WC 12. Vertical circulation 13. 4th Process - out 14. Monitoring room 1 15. Monitoring room 2 16. Mechanical claw systems room 17. Vertical circulation 18. Male/female W/C
Plan scaled 1:500
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Ground floor plan
01. Delivery acccess 02. Collection access 03. Fire exit 04. Security 05. Drop of zone 06. Store 07. Reception 08. FDR Drive 09. Car park 10. Entrance 11. Shower room 12. Store 13. Collection zone 14. Barge deliver zone
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Plan scaled 1:500
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First floor plan
01. Access from (Asphalt green) 02. Green roof and planting areas 03. Structure 04. Male/female W/C 05. Kitchenet 06. Vertical circulation 07. Ramped acces to tiered office 08. Lower office 09. Intermediate office 10. Outdoor space
Plan scaled 1:500 03
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Circulation diagrams
_01 - EXTERNAL CIRCULATION
_02 - FDR DRIVE
_03 - WASTE DELIVERY ROUTE
_04 - WASTE SEPERATION PROCESS
_05 - MATERIAL COLLECTION ROUTE
Section A : A Manhattan
was built as an artificial space, on a
Grid
that is imprinted on the ground and ignores the
nature of the island.
Yet, the Grid itself remains open and expandable, while its boundaries are determined by the edges of the island, the Grid expands as the coastline moves outward with artificial extensions. The gridded island can thus be read as a sampling of a virtually unlimited grid, a centrifugal grid without a centre.
- Rem Koolhaas
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01. Typical foundation reinforced conctrete piles 600mm diameter. 02. Compressive structural panels 03. Green roof with minimum 150mm topsoil cover 04. Cavity in structure with seating 05. No 3 lanes of FDR drive 06. No 3 lanes of FDR drive 07. Glazed lightwell in planeted roof 08. CHP room 09.Waste delivery point 10. Main fprocessing space
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11. 1 /4 Trommel seperation machines 12. Natural ventilation shaft 13. Lower office 14. Glazed lightwell in planeted roof 15. Mechanical arm - control room 16. Intermediate office 17. Mechanical vertical delivery barge point 18. Office courtyard with 1200mm balustrade 19. Public right of way (No access through to building) 20. Waste/resource collection point
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Section B : B 01
01. Underside of structure 02. Structure 03. Cores (W/C, stairwell) 04. Structral columns 05. Waste delivery shaft 06. Waste delivery room 07. Trommel seperation 1 08. Trommel seperation 2 09. Trommel seperation 3 10. Waste/Resource collection 11. Void is structure
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The following image shows the scheme from the east river looking South West with Manhattan’s skyline in the background.
The following image shows the scheme from the east river looking North West with some of the housing block behind. The scheme begins hide in plain sight.
The following image shows the scheme from FDR Drive, a No 6 lane carrigeway which follows the perimeter of Manhattan. Hee the scheme is in direct contrast to the surrounding environment however its sleek curves and complex yet repetive form allow this urban intervention to sit neatly within its environment.
_01 - SCALED MODEL 1:200
The model has been 3d printed using nylon to show the scale and complexity of the given system.
_02 - VAULT DETAIL SCALED 1:50
Model simulates the construction typology of the entire system focusing of how this singular element which in itself is in broad terms ‘a special’ can be arrayed in a number of orientations to produce something with unlimited variability
_03 - VAULT DETAIL SCALED 1:100
Model simulates the construction typology of the entire system focusing of how this singular element which in itself is in broad terms ‘a special’ can be arrayed in a number of orientations to produce something with unlimited variability
_04 - NODE AND PANEL DETAIL SCALED 1:10
The panel has been printed to show the level of variation within each element. The node detail’s are all the same allowing this system to be constructed easily.