Sun up 1 Flipbook by Richmond BR

Inglês para o Ensino Médio

Eduardo Amos • Elisabeth Prescher • Ernesto Pasqualin

3rd edition

SUN_INICIAIS VOL 1_Abr2011.indd 1

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Contents IT

Those guys from Liverpool Thos

The ssimple present tense, 14

Sunrise â&#x20AC;&#x201D; Diagnostic test 4

The Tortoise T and the Eagle 17 The p present continuous tense, 22

Listening 1 IT

Landmines

The simple s present and the present continuous tenses; adve adverbs of frequency, 30

Jericoacoara Jer

Future with going to, 41 Fut

Check your behavior Chec

Personal and object pronouns; imperative, 49 Perso

Self-study 1 33

Actions that make a diďŹ&#x20AC;erence Actio

Possessives (adjectives and pronouns), 56 Posse

Listening 2 58 Self-study 2 59

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GM ffood

Plural of nouns, 66 Plura

Give a kid a hand

Quantiﬁers, 74 Quan

You’re beautiful You

The ssimple past tense – regular verbs, 82

Self-study 3

From Marathon to Athens

The ssimple past tense – irregular verbs, 92

Listening 3 76

It wo won’t happen to me

The p past continuous tense, 100

Listening 4 102 IT

Diabetes Diab

103

Can, 108

Self-study 4 Exam practice Answer keys

SUN_INICIAIS VOL 1.indd 3

111 113 126

Irregular verbs Maxi glossary

128 131

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Sunrise

Diagnostic test

Here are some basic grammar points that you have to know before starting the book. Follow these steps to take advantage of this section: 1. Do the test. 2. Check your answers on page 126. 3. Look at the charts on pages 6, 7 and 8 to clarify your doubts.

Chart 5

Chart 4

Chart 3

Chart 2

Chart 1

Choose the correct answers.

This is Mr. John Todd. (He/She/They) is a doctor. Mrs. Sue Todd is his wife. (He/She/They) is a hospital manager. Mr. and Mrs.Todd are from London. (He/She/They) are English. Their daughter is not from London. (He/She/They) is from Paris. (He/She/They) is French. Mr. Todd and I are good friends. (I/He/We) are doctors at the Central Hospital. The hospital is on Fleet Street. (He/It/They) is a very important hospital.

Linda (am/is/are) late for school today. Her house (are/is/aren’t) far from the school. All the other students (is/isn’t/are) in the classroom now, but Linda (is/isn’t/are). The teacher (am/is/are) worried. The ﬁnal exam (am/is/are) today.

“(Was/Were/Are) you at the club yesterday?” “No, I (am/wasn’t/weren’t). I (was/were/am) at home.” “Why? All our friends (was/are/were) at the club yesterday.” “I (was/were/are) sick with the ﬂu.” “What a pity! It (was/were/wasn’t) really a great day.”

About (a/an) hour ago, there was (a/an) ambulance in front of the school. (A/An) man and (a/an) woman were in the ambulance. I think the man was the driver and the woman (a/an) doctor. There was (a/an) girl in the school. They put the girl in the ambulance and took her to the hospital. There is (a/an) university hospital near the school.

“Look, (these/this/those) is my family album. See (these/this/that) two people?” “Yes. Who are they?” “They’re my grandparents in front of their old farmhouse. (These/That/Those) little girl in the back is my mother. She was only four.” “And who are (these/this/that) boys on the beach?” “They’re my father, my uncle Ben and their friend George.” “They look funny.” “Yes. (That/Those/These) was their ﬁrst summer vacation on the beach.” “And who’s (these/this/those) little baby? He’s so cute!” “It’s not he, it’s she. (Those/That/These) is me when I was only three months old.” “Oh, I’m sorry, Nancy.”

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UNIT

The Tortoise and the Eagle

WARMUP

READING STRATEGY

You are going to read a text from the African oral tradition. The text is a fable that involves speaking animals and a lot of fantasy. Discuss the following questions with your classmates.

Scanning for text organization

1. What is oral tradition? 2. Are oral tradition stories fiction or nonfiction? 3. Do you know any fables and tales from the oral tradition?

Para facilitar a leitura, você pode examinar a organização do texto: a forma como os parágrafos estão organizados, se há uma pontuação mais evidente, se o texto apresenta tabelas ou notas explicativas, etc.

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Unit 2 Un

The Tortoise and the Eagle TRACK

A Central African fable revisited

Tortoise and Eagle are friends. They meet T v very rarely, but every time that Eagle visits his friend, Tortoise offers him a delicious meal. After lunch, Tortoise says: “I am putting some food in this basket. Take it to your children.” The food at Tortoise’s home is so good that Eagle comes back again and again. Every time he flies back home, Eagle laughs: “Ha ha! I can share Tortoise’s food, but he can never come to my tree to share my food!” Soon, the other animals in the forest start making comments. One day Frog is talking to Tortoise and decides to advise him. “Tortoise,” says Frog, “Eagle is taking advantage of your generosity. Every time he leaves your home he says, “Ha ha! I can share Tortoise’s food, but he can never come to my tree to share mine!” The next time Eagle comes, he can’t find Tortoise; all he can find is a basket with a message: “This basket of food is for you and your family.” Eagle takes the basket home. He doesn’t know that Tortoise is inside it. When they are at Eagle’s home, Tortoise jumps out of the basket and says, “Hello, Eagle. I am visiting you today and sharing a meal with you.” Eagle is furious and says, “ You are the only meal here, Tortoise!” “Now I see what kind of friend you are, Eagle,” says Tortoise. “This is the end of our friendship. Please, take me back home now.” “Take you home!”, shouts Eagle. “I am not going to take you home! I am going to throw you to the ground and watch you smash into little pieces,” screams the bird. Tortoise quickly grips Eagle’s leg and doesn’t let go. Eagle screams, “Tortoise! Let me go! Let go of my leg!” Tortoise replies, “I can let go of your leg only if you take me back to my home.” Eagle has no choice and takes Tortoise back to his home. That was the end of their friendship.

Moral: “Friendship requires the contribution of two people.”

ory that Fable: a st on. moral less teaches a sually acters, u The char t eak and ac animals, sp s. g in be like human

Sources: www.amedja.tripod.com; Mhlophe, Gcina. Stories of Africa. Scottsville: University of Natal Press, 2003.

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The Tortoise and the Eagle

READING Scan the text pages and answer these questions. 1. The text is: a) a biography b) a newspaper article c) a fable 2. The characters in the text are: a) children b) animals c) monsters 3. The author of the text is: a) Aesop b) La Fontaine c) unknown 4. The quotation marks (“ ”) in the text indicate: a) a description b) that a character is speaking c) the end of the story 5. Scan the text and list the names of three animals. 6. Scan the text and list nine transparent words.

Keywords advise eagle frog laugh meet

aconselhar águia sapo rir encontrar-se

scream smash into pieces throw tortoise

gritar quebrar em pedaços jogar tartaruga

7. Look at the underlined words in the Glossary and choose the correct alternatives. a) I can share Tortoise’s food. ( ) comer ( ) compartilhar ( ) roubar b) Tortoise offers him a delicious meal. ( ) refeição ( ) prato de milho ( ) vinho c) I am going to throw you to the ground. ( ) jogar você no chão ( ) levar você para baixo ( ) abater você d) Tortoise quickly grips Eagle’s leg. ( ) grita ( ) agarra ( ) morde e) Let go of my leg! ( ) deixe ir ( ) vamos com ( ) largue Read the text again.

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Unit 2 Un

AFTER READING A

Who says?

1. “Take it to your children.” a) Tortoise b) Eagle c) Frog

2. “He can never come to my tree.” a) Tortoise b) Eagle c) Frog

SUN FACTFILE munity, there Among the scientific com is the ica Afr t tha sus sen is a con race. an hum original home of the there date nd fou ce den evi and s Fossil ago. rs yea n back to seven millio m the fro e com may ica Afr d The wor ns mea ch whi Latin word aprica, word ek Gre the m fro or ”, “sunny thout cold”. aphrike, which means “wi

3. “Eagle is taking advantage of your generosity.” a) Tortoise b) Eagle c) Frog

4. “You are the only meal here.” a) Tortoise b) Eagle c) Frog

5. “I can let go of your leg only if you take me back.”

0º

THE EQUATOR

INDIAN OCEAN ATLANTIC OCEAN

a) Tortoise b) Eagle c) Frog

0º

Source: ezinearticles.com

Answer these questions about the text.

1. Who are the main characters of the fable? 2. Where does the fable take place? 3. Where does the Eagle live? 4. When does the fable take place?

Você leu o texto e respondeu a algumas perguntas. Agora, reúna-se com um ou dois colegas e discuta as seguintes questões.

1. Em geral, as fábulas cumprem alguma função social? 2. O que os animais representam nas fábulas? 3. Analise a fábula A Tartaruga e a Águia quanto aos seguintes aspectos: a) o ensinamento que o conto procura transmitir; b) a transformação sofrida pela Tartaruga; c) a função da Águia na narrativa. 20

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The Tortoise and the Eagle

WORD POWER BACK A palavra back indica “para trás, de volta, no passado, parte de trás”. Essa palavra pode ser: Substantivo: The answer is on the back of the page. Adjetivo: The back wall of the garage is blue. Verbo: You have to back against the wall. Advérbio: Go back to school and get your books.

Check the correct meaning of the underlined words.

1. Eagle comes back again and again. a) goes home b) returns c) eats a lot

2. Every time he ﬂies back home, Eagle laughs. a) goes home ﬂying b) goes home walking c) goes home riding a car

3. Please, take me back to my home now. a) I am inviting you to my home b) come to my home with me c) you brought me here, now take me to my home

4. Peter drove out of the garage, and then backed his car in again. a) turned left b) stopped c) moved backwards

5. Mary Ann hurt her back in the accident. a) the back of her legs b) the back of her head and neck c) the back of her thorax

6. Think of the times back when you were six years old. a) in the past b) in the opposite direction c) in the returning position

Look up these pair of words in the Glossary and mark O if they are opposites or S if they are synonyms.

1. grip – let go

(

)

5. leave – come back

(

)

2. shout – scream

(

)

6. friend – enemy

(

)

3. share – divide

(

)

7. ﬂy back – return

(

)

4. rarely – again and again

(

) 21

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Unit 2 Un

STRUCTURE The present continuous tense Verbo TO BE + verbo terminado em ING I am working You are working He is working She is working It is working We are working You are working They are working

Afirmativa: Interrogativa: Negativa:

He is working. Is he working? He is not working.

Formas abreviadas: isn’t (is not) aren’t (are not)

Ortografia Geralmente os verbos não sofrem modificações ao receber a terminação ing. work try

working trying

agree ski

agreeing skiing

Se os verbos terminam em um único e, perdem o e ao receber ing. love

loving

MAS: be

have

having

being

Verbos terminados em ie mudam o ie para y ao receber a terminação ing. die

dying

tie

tying

lie

lying

Se os verbos terminam em consoante + vogal + consoante e a última sílaba é tônica, dobra-se a última consoante e acrescenta-se ing. swim

swimming

run

begin

beginning

occur

running occurring

Uso Expressa ações que estão acontecendo na atualidade. Our kids are growing fast. Expressa ações que estão acontecendo no exato momento em que se fala. Nesse caso, é geralmente usado com now, at this moment, at present. She is cleaning the house now. Pode expressar ações futuras. Geralmente usado com next week, tomorrow, etc. I am buying a new car next week.

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The Tortoise and the Eagle

PRACTICE A

Read this text and underline the verbs in the present continuous tense.

TRACK

Night bird to Base. Night bird to Base. Listen, it’s eleven o’clock and they are still in the living room. Nobody is sleeping. No, the husband is in the bedroom. He’s probably reading. I can’t see clearly from here. There’s a tree in the way. The wife and children are in the TV room. No, the TV is oﬀ. I think they are playing a game because they’re sitting on the ﬂoor in a circle. Yes, and they have cards in their hands. Wait! Someone is coming down the street. It’s a man. Yes. Oh, he’s walking across the garden. Now he’s opening the dining room window. Oh, no! He’s climbing in the window. He is in the house now. What do I do now, Base? What do I do?

Answer the questions.

1. Who is saying the text? a) Night bird

b) Base

c) nobody

2. The person who is saying the text is probably a: a) neighbor

b) friend

c) detective

Supply the present continuous of the verbs in parentheses.

1. Our classes are

(begin) now.

2. Look at these plants! They are

(die).

3. Don’t worry about Mary. She is 4. “Is your bus

(have) a good time on the farm. (leave) in the morning?” “Yes, it is”.

5. “What are your brothers

(do)?” “They are

(swim)”.

Answer the questions. Follow the example. What’s the secretary doing? (type a letter)

She’s typing a letter. 1. What’s the girl doing? (cry) 2. What’s the boy doing? (run in the park) 3. What are the men doing? (read) 4. What is the woman doing? (buy ice cream) 23

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Unit 2 Un

LISTENING 1 TRACK

Listen and check the correct alternative. 1. How many people are there in this conversation? Who are they? a) Three people: one boy and two girls. b) Two boys. c) Three people: a man, a boy, and a girl.

2. Check the things they probably used. a

3. What are they probably doing? a) They’re building a doghouse. b) They’re ﬁxing a window. c) They’re building a table.

4. How many people are involved in building it? a) One.

b) Two.

c) Three.

5. Where are they likely to be? a) In the kitchen.

b) In the garage.

c) In the bathroom.

6. What do we know about what they are building? a) The girl didn’t like it. b) It’s blue. c) It’s too high for the girl.

7. What is probably their relationship? a) A father and his children. b) Three school friends. c) A teacher and his students. 24

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Self-study

Units 1 to 3

Check the correct alternative.

1. Right now Charlene

a French magazine, but she

it. Some of the vocabulary

too

difﬁcult for her. a) reads – isn’t understanding – are b) is reading – doesn’t understand – is c) is reading – isn’t understanding – are

2. I’m sorry I can’t look at you. I

the kids in the playground. You know, kids

careless

sometimes. a) watch – are being b) watch – is c) am watching – are

3. I

to call Jenny and tell her about my new job. She

that I

now.

a) have – doesn’t know – am working b) am having – isn’t knowing – work c) have – is knowing – am working

4. Don’t talk so loud, please. Our baby

. She

for 8 hours every night.

a) sleeps – sleeps b) is sleeping – is sleeping c) is sleeping – sleeps

5. The general director But today he

our department today. Every time he at my desk.

by the window.

a) visits – comes – sits – is sitting b) visits – comes – is sitting – is sitting c) is visiting – comes – sits – is sitting

6. It’s amazing! It never

in the Atacama Desert, but it

today. Just because we’re here!

a) is raining – rains b) rains – is raining c) rains – rains

7. Don’t look back! Guess who

towards us. She

her beautiful red dress.

a) comes – wears b) is coming – wears c) is coming – is wearing

8. It’s 7:30 and Dr. Allen

here yet. He usually

around 7:00.

a) isn’t – arrives b) isn’t – is arriving c) is – arrives

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9. It’s sunny and warm. The children They always

at the beach right now. They a good time when they to the beach.

a good time, I hope.

a) is – are having – have – go b) are – have – have – go c) are – are having – have – go

10. According to the weatherman, it

in Aspen today. I’m sure Benny

right now.

a) is snowing – is skiing b) snows – skiis c) snows – is skiing

Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in parentheses. One day, the cell phone rings, and a little boy “I

(answer).

(want) to speak to your parents, please.”

“They

(be) busy. They

(talk) to the police now.”

“The police? Is the police there?” “Yep. And ﬁremen too.” “Can I speak to them?” “No, they

(be) busy. They

“Your parents, the police, and the ﬁremen (be) all busy? What “They

(be) there, but they they

(do)?”

(look) for me.”

“And what “I

(climb) up the roof.”

you

(do)?”

(hide).”

Respostas na página 126.

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Exam practice (MT-UFMT) As questões de 1 a 4 referem-se aos textos a seguir.

TEXTO I Little Boy: What does your Daddy do? Little Girl: Whatever my Momma tells him. (JANSSEN, Arlo T. International stories. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 1981.)

TEXTO II George: Which candidate is your wife going to vote for? Herman: Oh, she’ll vote for the same one I do. George: Which one is that? Herman: I don’t know yet. She’s going to tell me tomorrow. (JANSSEN, Arlo T. International stories. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 1981.)

1. A fala da menina no texto I sugere que: a) ela está em dúvida quanto à proﬁssão de seu pai. b) seu pai trabalha com o que ele quer. c) sua mãe e seu pai têm a mesma proﬁssão. X

d) ela sabe quem dá as ordens em sua casa. e) na família é seu pai quem decide o que fazer.

2. Em relação aos recursos linguísticos utilizados no texto II, assinale a aﬁrmativa correta. a) A forma verbal going to tell indica uma ação presente. b) O pronome your refere-se ao substantivo George. c) O uso de yet na frase I don’t know yet. expressa certeza. X

d) A palavra one retoma o sentido de candidate. e) A palavra Oh constitui marca da linguagem formal do texto.

3. Em she’ll vote for the same one I do., texto II, a palavra sublinhada foi empregada no lugar de: a) tell b) make c) accomplish d) go X

e) vote for

4. Pode-se inferir dos textos I e II que: a) é o homem quem determina o que é melhor para a família. b) as mulheres são muito indecisas. X

c) quem toma as decisões na família é a mulher. d) os homens desconsideram as opiniões de suas mulheres. e) homens e mulheres decidem juntos as questões familiares.

113

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Irregular verbs INFINITIVO

PASSADO SIMPLES

PARTICÍPIO PASSADO

TRADUÇÃO

to arise

arose

arisen

erguer, levantar

to awake

awoke

awoken

acordar

to be

was/were

been

ser, estar

to bear

bore

born

suportar, aguentar vencer, derrotar; bater (coração)

to beat

beat

beaten

to become

became

become

tornar-se

to begin

began

begun

começar, iniciar

to bend

bent

dobrar, inclinar(-se)

to bet

bet

apostar

to bind

bound

prender

to bite

bit

bitten

morder; picar

to bleed

bled

sangrar

to blow

blew

blown

soprar; apagar (velas) quebrar

to break

broke

broken

to bring

brought

trazer

to build

built

construir

to burn

burnt

burnt/burned

queimar, arder

to burst

burst

explodir, estourar

to buy

bought

comprar

to cast

cast

lançar, atirar

to catch

caught

pegar, agarrar, perceber

to choose

chose

chosen

escolher

to cling

clung

agarrar; apegar-se

to come

came

come

vir

to cost

cost

custar

to creep

crept

rastejar

to cut

cut

cortar

to deal

dealt

lidar, tratar

to dig

dug

cavar

to do

did

done

fazer

to draw

drew

drawn

desenhar; sacar

to drink

drank

drunk

beber

to drive

drove

driven

dirigir, guiar

to eat

ate

eaten

comer

to fall

fell

fallen

cair

to feed

fed

alimentar

to feel

felt

sentir

to ﬁght

fought

lutar, brigar, resistir

to ﬁnd

found

achar, encontrar

to ﬂing

ﬂung

arremessar, lançar, empurrar

to ﬂy

ﬂew

ﬂown

voar

to forbid

forbade

forbidden

proibir

to forget

forgot

forgotten

esquecer

to forgive

forgave

forgiven

perdoar

to freeze

froze

frozen

congelar

to get

got

got/gotten

obter, conseguir

128

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Maxi glossary Os verbos assinalados com asterisco são irregulares. adjective: adjetivo

Amazon: Amazonas, amazônico

adjusted: ajustado, adaptado

American: norte-americano

adopt: adotar

among: entre (vários)

a: um, uma

admirable: admirável

amount: quantidade, quantia

a bit: um pouquinho

admire: admirar

a bunch: um monte, um grupo

advancement: progresso

amputee: pessoa que teve algum membro amputado

a few: alguns, algumas

advantage: vantagem

an: um, uma

a little: um pouco

advertise: anunciar, fazer anúncio ou propaganda

anaesthetist: anestesista

a little while: um pouco (de tempo) a long way to go: muito o que fazer

advertisement: anúncio

ancient: antigo

a lot: muito

advertising: propaganda, publicidade

and: e

a quarter: um quarto

advice: conselho, orientação (subst)

angel: anjo

a while: um pouquinho (de tempo)

advise: orientar, informar, aconselhar

anger: zanga, raiva

ability: capacidade

adviser, advisor: orientador, conselheiro

angry: bravo, irado

able: capaz

affair: assunto, questão

ankle: tornozelo

abnormal: anormal, anômalo

afford: permitir-se, poder, ter o bastante para

ankle-sock: meia-soquete

aboard: a bordo de

ancestor: antepassado

about: aproximadamente, quase; sobre, a respeito de

afraid: com medo

anniversary: aniversário (de casamento, de fundação, etc.)

African-American: afro-americano

announce: anunciar

above: acima

after: depois

annoyed: aborrecido; irritado

abroad: no exterior

afternoon: tarde (parte do dia)

another: outro, outra

abruptly: abruptamente

again: mais uma vez, de novo

abstract: resumo

again and again: muitas vezes

answer: resposta (subst); responder (verbo)

abuse: abuso, uso excessivo (subst); abusar, tratar mal (verbo)

against: contra

anti-personnel: antipessoal anxiety: ansiedade

accept: aceitar

age: idade, era, época, século (subst); envelhecer (verbo)

acceptable: aceitável

ageless: que não envelhece

any: qualquer

access: acesso (subst); ter acesso (verbo)

agency: agência

anymore: não mais, nenhum mais

accomplish: realizar

aging: envelhecimento

anything: qualquer coisa

accomplishment: realização

ago: atrás (no tempo)

apart: separado; distante

according to: de acordo com

agree: concordar

appear: aparecer, parecer

account for: ser responsável por, representar

agreement: acordo

appendicitis: apendicite

ahead: à frente, para diante, em frente

apple: maçã

achievement: conquista

ailing: doente (pessoa); em diﬁculdade ﬁnanceira (empresa)

apple of somebody’s eye: menina dos olhos, xodó

acquire: adquirir

air: ar (subst); ir ao ar, ser veiculado (verbo)

application: aplicação, pedido

across: através, de um lado ao outro, do outro lado (da rua)

airline: linha aérea

apply for: candidatar-se

act: ato (subst); agir, comportar-se, atuar (verbo)

alive: vivo

appointment: hora marcada

all: todos, tudo

appraisal: análise

action: medida, ação

allow: permitir

apprehension: apreensão, medo

activity: atividade

allowance: mesada; permissão

actress: atriz

almost: quase

approach: método, abordagem (subst); aproximar-se (verbo)

actually: na verdade

alone: só, sozinho

April: abril

add: somar, acrescentar

along: ao longo de, junto

apron: avental

addiction: vício

along the side: ao lado

aptitude: aptidão

addicted: viciado

already: já

arctic: ártico

addictive: que vicia

also: também

argue: argumentar, brigar

additive: aditivo

alternative: alternativo(a)

argument: discussão, briga

address: endereço (subst); dirigir a palavra, fazer discurso (verbo)

although: embora, apesar de

arm: braço

always: sempre

army: exército

achieve: conseguir, alcançar

anxious: ansioso

131

SUN_GLOSSARIO VOL1 3col.indd 131

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