Systems design project

SYSTEMS DESIGN PROJECT Workwear for janitors at National Institute of Deisgn, Gandhinagar campus.

The idea of the project is to design and develop protective functional clothing for the janitors of the institute and improving and helping in designing solutions aimed at solving the current problems faced.

Project Brief

Comparitive field study

National Institute of Fashion Technology, Gandhinagar

DAIICT Gandhinagar

The waste management systems were studied in details in these colleges as they have a simlar environment.

Primary Reserach

IIM Ahmedabad

Primary Reserach Residential

Workstation Characteristics 1. Flooring

Academic

Cement Soil Grass Stairs Marble Mosaic

2. Environment Other

Canteen/ mess

Outdoor uncovered Outdoor covered Indoor enclosed Indoor uncovered

3. Lighting Outdoor natural Outdoor artificial Indoor natural Indoor artificial

Categorization of work

Primary Reserach Gardening

Intensive Cleaning Regular Cleaning

Collection and disposal Bathroom cleaning

A Janitor is responsible for maintaining sanitary conditions in common areas, such as lunchrooms, washrooms, meeting rooms, classroom, residential areas and offices.

A Janitor will clean floors, clean surfaces, remove garbage, carry equipment, and perform general maintenance. Janitors may also stock supplies and operate vehicles.

Exposure to

Primary Reserach

Interaction with products Equipments / tools involved:

PHYSICAL

AFFECTED PART

LEVEL OF RISK

1. Dust/ Grime

skin/respiration/ eyes

High

2. Soil

skin/ hands/foot

Medium

3. Bacteria /germs

internal/skin

high

4. Insects

internal/skin /eyes

high

5. Sunlight

internal/skin/ head/ eyes high

6. Heat

physiological

high

7. Water

physiological/ skin/ in-

medium

8. Chemicals

internal/skin/ hands/ foor medium

9. E waste

internal/ hands/ foot

low

10. Paints /clay

hands/ skin/ foot

low

11. Fumes

internal/ respiratory

low

12. dry waste 13. wet waste 14. sharp objects 15.Fumes 16.pungent smell 17. Sharp objects

hand/ skin hand/ internal hands/ foot/ skin internal /respiratory respiratory

high high high low high high

hands/ skin/ foot/ eyes

18. electrical hazards internal/ phyisiological low 19. Slippery floor lower back/ankle/elbow/ high head 20. Heavy weights lower back/ hands/ high knees/ shoulder

1. Dustbins 2. Dust pans and brush 3. Shovel 4. Scissors 5. Screwdriver 6. Trash bags 7. Chemical hand Cleansers 8. Cleaning pads/ cloth 9. Spanner 10. Scrubber Machineries involved: 1.

2.

3.

4.

Wheel barrow/ Cart Vermi compost plant Commerial Paper shredder Mini trucks

Personal Protective Eqipments: 1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

Uniforms Masks Glasses Boots Gloves Cap/ hat

Body storming

Primary Reserach

Body Postures & movements 46

47

Analysis

PHYSICAL DEMANDS

49 48 51 50

a) Forceful use of the neck/shoulder, elbow/wrist, and low back b) Repetitive motions of the neck/shoulder, elbow/wrist, low back, knee, and foot c) Awkward postures of the neck, neck/shoulder, elbow/wrist, low back, and knee d) Static postures of the low back and knee e) Contact stress in the knee g) Kneeling to clean low surfaces h) Pushing and pulling on hand tools i) Lifting, carrying, and lowering supplies

DIRECT RISK FACTORS: Excessive Force – Neck; shoulder; elbow/wrist; lower back Excessive Repetition – neck; shoulder; elbow/wrist; lower back; knee; foot Awkward Positions - neck; shoulder; elbow/wrist; lower back; knee Constant Stress – knee

INDIRECT RISK FACTORS: Duration - neck; shoulder; elbow/wrist; lower back; hip; foot Size & Shape - elbow/wrist; lower back Load Condition & Weight Distribution – lower back Container/tools/equipment handles - elbow/wrist Working Reaches – neck/shoulder; lower back Working Heights - neck/shoulder; lower back; hip

Physical Demands Neck

Walking

181

Sitting Standing

182

Climbing Balancing Kneeling/ Crouching

Shoulder

Manual Material Handling Pushing Pulling Lifting Lowering

lower body

Carrying

Analysis

Risk Factor Identification

Foot- Affected by:

Neck/Shoulder – Affected by:

Force Repetitive movements Constant Stress

Force: Force is the amount of physical effort required by the person

Eyes - Protection from:

Force Application (weight) – pushing; pulling; lifting Repetitive Movements (managerial) – lowering, carrying, lifting, pulling, pushing Awkward Positions (bad ergonomic design) (work practices) – lowering, stretching, lifting Working Reaches – stretching, pulling Working Heights - stretching, pulling Slips, Trips, Falls (environmental) – carrying, lowering, stretching

to do a task and/or maintain control of tools and equipment. The effort depends on the type of grip, object weight and dimensions, body posture, type of activity, surface of the object, temperature, vibration, duration of the task, and number of repetitions.

Repetition:

Repetition is defined as similar or the same motions performed repeatedly. The severity of risk depends on the frequency of repetition, speed of the movement or action, the number of muscle groups involved, and the required force. Repetition is influenced by machine or line pacing, incentive programs, piecework, and deadlines.

Static Postures: Static loading (sustained exertions) is physical effort (body postures) that is held, requiring muscle contraction for more than a short time.

Contact Stress:

Contact stress is the contact of the body with a hard surface or edge. Contact stress can also result when using a part of the body as a hammer or striking instrument.

Awkward Postures: Awkward postures occur when there is a deviation from a power working posture. Some examples of awkward postures typically include reaching behind, twisting, working overhead, and forward or backward bending.

Sunlight Dust Flying Particles Smoke, fumes Liquids, acids

Respiratory – Protection from: Dust Fumes Smoke, vapour Bacteria/germs

Head – Protection from: Sunlight Heat Rain

Skin – Protection from: Sunlight Sweating Water Dust, dirt, grime Decomposed waste

Analysis

Elbow/Wrists – Affected by: Excessive force (due to weights) – pushing, pulling, lifting, lowering Repetitive movements (time duration, flexibility, abrasion) - pushing, pulling, lifting, lowering, carrying Awkward positions (stretch, flexibility) – lowering, lifting, carrying Size and shape of objects – lifting, carrying, lowering Constant contact

Lower Back – Affected by: Excessive force Excessive repetition of movements Awkward Stress Slips, trips, falls

Knee – Affected by: Constant stress Awkward positions (couching, kneeling) Repetitive movement (bending) Used as support (for carrying weight) Balanced by knee

Analysis

Badly maintained equipments

Pungent shell

No accommodation

No storage maintenance

Stairs

Insufficient supervision

No colour coding

Slippery floor

Low Bonus

Gripping problems brooms

No appraisal

Construction

No holidays

No uniforms

Low moral

Hot &humid

No welfare plan and appraisals

Low cost for equipments

Frustration among workers

No recreation plan

Low life for products use cleaning

Blame game

Non sustainable materials to clean

Communication gap

No sewage system for drainage

No respect

Insufficient light Varying floor Soil pollution Air pollution

No employee facilities No awareness No training

Rusting issue

Valuable items in junk-yard

Lack of inspection

No advance equipments

No recycling

No proper Job descriptions

Open dustbins

No proper work atmosphere for workers

No inventory maintenances

Problem related to products No functional/protective wear

Common area hostel not clean

No follow up No proper recruitment criteria

No segregation

Dustbin not cleaned & washed

E-waste no solution

Low productivity

Pigeon nestling outside

Less availability of trained workshop

Psychological

Less full time workers

Inventory

Sharp objects

Management

Environment

Problem categorization

Stress & strain No promotion Family problems Insecurity of job

Problem Areas indentification

(based on interviews, obersvation, body storming, shadowing)

Ergonomics problem

Chance of accidents

Too much mechanical movements are involved

Joint pain Sunlight exposure

Carrying weight

Fungal infection

Waste carried on shoulder

No trash bags

Repetitive movement

Problems-collection & disposal

Too much strength required

Too many departments managed by agency

Too many stress point

Too many materials to clean no separate duster provided

Rapid movements Frequent prolonged effort

Loading unloading problems

Stooping or kneeling

No vehicles to take waste

Twisting the neck or body

No food

Squatting

Manual handling

Unaccessibility high

Non biodegradable waste

Carrying weight in stairs Restrictive clothing Vertical movements

No protective equipments No health check-ups Back pain Slipping issue

Health

Lockers area dirty

Postures

Organisational

Fall from height

Dust Exposure Allergies Prone to diseases Knee problems No gloves, no mask Harmful chemicals Bacterial infection Breathing problems Viral infection Cuts & wounds

Analysis

Prolonged exposer to water No hygiene

Analysis

In increasing of order importance

Protection

Storage

Psychological needs

Facilitate movement

Identification

CRITICALITY PYRAMID

Need to uplift their low self esteem Need to be appriciated for their work Indentification

Natural Environment Protection

Work Environment

Need for belongingness to their team Need for identity Need for motivatation , get rid of depression Need for modesty, cultural connotations Need for familiarity in clothing Need for ease of use and maintainance Need for appropriate size Need for comfort

Need to have loose garments Facilitate

Storage Personal belongings

IDENTIFYING THE NEED

- Cellphone - wallet/ loose money - Id card Utility items -Fabric for hand wiping -Gloves -Masks -Spanner -Tongs -Scrubber

movement

Extra space needed for stress areas in the body Stitching and finishing of the garment should withstand stress No unneccesary design features should be introduced Emphasis on unobstructive clothing Lightweight fabrics and trims to facilitate movement Simple clothing that can be easily worn, taken off , washed and stored.

Fabric Requirement Fastness – wash fastness (acrylic, glass/flax, wool/acetate/olefin/polyester), light fastness (nylon/silk – very little exposure to sunlight)

-Should make the user feel comfortable

Strength – to withstand stress (glass, nylon, polyester), flax (nylon, olefin, polyester)

- Should be easy to wear and maintain

Breathability – good

- Should be hassle free, no unneccesary details

Specific Gravity – fabric can warm without getting too heavy in winters (acrylic)

- Easy cooling off of sweat

Repellency – dust, water, soil

- Should be cost effective

No Pilling – due to abrasion collars/underside of sleeves/edges/cuffs. Hydrophobic fibers pill more (cotton, flax, silk)

- Should facilitate movement

Resiliency – does not wrinkle easily. Heavier fabrics are more resilient (wool, nylon, olefin, polyester)

- Should be able to withstand repeated washes - Should be in sync with the cultural factors

Abrasion Resistance – nylon (outerwear), cotton, nylon, olefin, polyester Hydrophilic fibers – skin comfort, static build up, less shrinkage, easy stain removal, water repellency, wrinkle recovery – chemicals used to achieve repellency act better – all natural animal, vegetable + rayon + acetate.

Absorbency – flax, silk, wool, viscose rayon, cotton Elasticity – less seam stress, prevent bagginess, and hence obstruction at elbows and knees Flexibility – capability to bend easily, repeatedly, without breaking. Acetate (highly drapable), nylon.

Thermo-plasticity – all manufactured non-cellulose – nylon, olefin, polyester, spandex.

Wicking – ability to transfer moisture from one section to another. Cotton, olefin.

Design Parameters

Explorations details

Explorations details

Explorations flats

Explorations flats

Explorations flats

Explorations flats

Final prototype 1

Prototype flats menswear

Field testing of prototypes

Final garment 2

Prototype flats womenswear

womenswear/summerwear/flats

Field testing of prototypes