OUTCROP Newsletter of the Rocky Mountain Association of Geologists
Volume 68 • No. 10 • October 2019
The Rocky Mountain Association of Geologists
2019 Summit Sponsors PLATINUM SPONSOR
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OUTCROP The Rocky Mountain Association of Geologists
1999 Broadway • Suite 730 • Denver, CO 80202 • 800-970-7624 The Rocky Mountain Association of Geologists (RMAG) is a nonprofit organization whose purposes are to promote interest in geology and allied sciences and their practical application, to foster scientific research and to encourage fellowship and cooperation among its members. The Outcrop is a monthly publication of the RMAG.
2019 OFFICERS AND BOARD OF DIRECTORS PRESIDENT
2st VICE PRESIDENT-ELECT
Tom Sperr tsperr@bayless-cos.com
Dan Bassett dbassett@sm-energy.com
PRESIDENT-ELECT
TREASURER
Jane Estes-Jackson janeestesjackson@gmail.com
Eryn Bergin eryn.bergin@aec-denver.com
1st VICE PRESIDENT
TREASURER-ELECT
Heather LaReau heatherthegeologist@gmail.com
Chris Eisinger chris.eisinger@state.co.us
1st VICE PRESIDENT-ELECT
SECRETARY
Ben Burke bburke@hpres.com
Anna Phelps aphelps@sm-energy.com
2nd VICE PRESIDENT
COUNSELOR
Sophie Berglund sberglund@raisaenergy.com
Donna Anderson danderso@rmi.net
RMAG STAFF DIRECTOR OF OPERATIONS
Kathy Mitchell-Garton kmitchellgarton@rmag.org DIRECTOR OF MEMBER SERVICES
Debby Watkins dwatkins@rmag.org CO-EDITORS
Courtney Beck Courtney.Beck@halliburton.com Jesse Melick jesse.melick@bpx.com Wylie Walker wylie.walker@gmail.com DESIGN/LAYOUT
Nate Silva nate@nate-silva.com
ADVERTISING INFORMATION
Rates and sizes can be found on page 64. Advertising rates apply to either black and white or color ads. Submit color ads in RGB color to be compatible with web format. Borders are recommended for advertisements that comprise less than one half page. Digital files must be PC compatible submitted in png, jpg, tif, pdf or eps formats at a minimum of 300 dpi. If you have any questions, please call the RMAG office at 800-970-7624. Ad copy, signed contract and payment must be received before advertising insertion. Contact the RMAG office for details. DEADLINES: Ad submissions are the 1st of every month for the following month’s publication.
WEDNESDAY NOON LUNCHEON RESERVATIONS
RMAG Office: 800-970-7624 Fax: 323-352-0046 staff@rmag.org or www.rmag.org
The Outcrop is a monthly publication of the Rocky Mountain Association of Geologists
Vol. 68, No. 10 | www.rmag.org
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Outcrop | October 2019 OUTCROP
RMAG/DWLS FALL SYMPOSIUM
October 22, 2019 Sheraton Denver West
Thanks to our SponsorsÂ
And Exhibitors
Interested in sponsoring or exhibiting? There's still room! Details at www.rmag.org under Events tab 4 Vol. 68, No. 10 | www.rmag.org Questions? Call the RMAG office, 800-970-7624 or email staff@rmag.org OUTCROP | October 2019
OUTCROP Newsletter of the Rocky Mountain Association of Geologists
CONTENTS FEATURES
DEPARTMENTS (cont.)
14 Lead Story: Underground Water Storage Could Be Colorado’s Future
64 2019 Outcrop Cover Photo Competition
30 Mineral Of The Quarter: Stilbite 52 2020 RMAG Board of Directors Biographical Sketches 62 2020 RMAG Board of Directors Ballot
DEPARTMENTS 6 RMAG September 2019 Board of Directors Meeting 10 President’s Letter 24 RMAG Luncheon programs: Matthew Belobraydic
65 Advertiser Index 65 Calendar
ASSOCIATION NEWS 2 RMAG Summit Sponsors 4 RMAG/DWLS Fall Symposium sponsors 7 RMAG Sporting Clay Tournament 9 RMAG On the Rocks Field Trips 11 RMAG-DERL Happy hour 12 RMAG/DWLS Fall Symposium
26 RMAG Luncheon programs: Maxwell Pommer
13 RMAG/DWLS Fall Symposium Speaker Line-up
29 Welcome New RMAG Members!
23 RMAG Rockbuster’s Bash
37 Pipeline 64 Outcrop Advertising Rates
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38 RMAG On the Rocks: McCoy, Snorkeling through the Pennsylvanian Seas
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COVER PHOTO The Pennsylvanian-Permian Weber Sandstone at the confluence of the Green and Yampa rivers at Echo Park in Dinosaur National Monument. The Weber is a significant hydrocarbon reservoir throughout the Rockies and has produced over 887 MMBO at Rangely Field. Photo by by Todd Jackson
ASSOCIATION NEWS (cont.) 42 Highlights of the 2019 RMSAAPG Annual Meeting 48 RMAG Mudrock Core workshop
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RMAG SEPTEMBER 2019 BOARD OF DIRECTORS MEETING By Anna Phelps, Secretary aphelps@sm-energy.com
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Luncheon speakers and working on courses for 2020. The Publications Committee reported that there is a multi-month stock of articles for both the Outcrop and the Mountain Geologist and they are tirelessly recruiting more articles. On the Rocks reported that the last fieldtrip of the year is the October Hygiene Sandstone trip in Boulder County and that the 2019 summer fieldtrip planning and participation went well. The Educational Outreach Committee is getting ready for their booth at the Colorado Science Conference on November 8 and is currently working on a website for the group. This month, let’s talk about an often under-appreciated sport of rocks: stone skipping. Over Labor
Happy fall rock-loving friends. The aspen leaves are quickly changing in the mountains and the temperature is dropping rapidly. Grab a hot beverage and your rock hammer and get out there before the first snow flies! The September meeting of the RMAG Board of Directors was held on September 25, 2019 at 4:00 PM. All board members except Anna Phelps were present. Treasurer Eryn Bergin reported that the accounts look good and that she and the RMAG staff have begun a lookback at all costs and revenue for 2019. The Continuing Education Committee reported that the recent events – the August Short Course, September Core Workshop, and August Luncheon – were very successful. The Committee is recruiting
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SC
The Rocky Mountain Association of Geologists
porting lay
Tournament
10 10 19
Kiowa Creek Sporting Club • Prizes for individual high score and team 1st, 2nd and 3rd flights. • Includes one round of 100 sporting clays, lunch, and door prizes. • Does not include ammunition (please bring enough ammo for 100 clays or you may purchase ammo at Kiowa Creek). • You may also rent a gun for $20 onsite.
Registration and sponsorship open at www.rmag.org! 5 Person Team (member): $425 5 Person Team (non-member): $500
email: staff@rmag.org
web: www.rmag.org
phone: 800.970.7624
1999 Broadway, Ste. 730, Denver, CO, 80202 Vol. 68, No. 10 | www.rmag.org
Individual (member): $85 Individual (non-member): $100
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follow: @rmagdenver
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BOARD OF DIRECTORS MEETING
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Day weekend, I traveled to my family’s cabin on the north shore of Lake Superior. After spending a morning marveling at the gabbro outcrops and searching for agates along the shore, I picked up a flat stone and attempted to skip it across the placid lake. A first attempt quickly became a second, and a third, and hours later, I was throwing “pitty pats” (where the stone quickly skips), but still hadn’t managed the much celebrated “skronker.” (where the stone glides over the water without touching it). The current world record for skipping is 88 skips. After another “kerplunk,” I decided I might need more practice before entering the World Stone Skimming Championships in Scotland. Inspired by: Pascal, Molly. “Kerplunks, pitty-pats and skronkers: The world of competitive rock-skipping” The Washington Post. September 12, 2019. For more stone skipping vernacular, check out the Stone Skipping Glossary (https://stoneskipping. com/glossary/).
Susan Spancers
MCEP, RFC, AACEP, NICEP, CSA Helping You Create Financial “Peace of Mind”
303 766-9599
How to create-protect-distribute your assets Retirement: Will you run out of money? Estate protection: Wills vs Trusts - Probate vs Protection Email: Spancers@Qadas.com Web: www.susanspancers.com Sec and Adv Svs offered through TLG, Inc* and TLG Adv, Inc. 26 West Dry Creek Circle #800, Littleton, CO 80120 303 797-9080 *Member FINRA-SIPC
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Sold out! Contact the RMAG office to get on the waitlist October 12, 2019 Hygiene Sandstone Trip Trip Leaders: Piret Plink-Bjorklund & Mike Genecov, Colorado School of Mines Location: Boulder, CO Trip Limit: 20 Price: $35 This day trip will visit outcrops of the late Cretaceous Hygiene Sandstone in Boulder County. The Hygiene Sandstone is approximately equivalent to the Shannon Sandstone of the Powder River Basin, and is commonly referred to as Shannon Sandstone in subsurface of the DJ Basin. Historically interpreted as deposits of “offshore bars”, the Hygiene Sandstone is currently interpreted as the easternmost deposits of the Iles Formation (Mesaverde Group) deltaic complex of northwestern Colorado. The apparently isolated sandstone bodies are explained as remnants of deltas deposited during the falling stage or lowstand of a forced regression. Sediment textural and compositional properties, sedimentary structures, and depositional architecture will be analyzed to lead into a discussion of the dominance of tidal processes, deltaic nature and the paleogeographic position of the Hygiene Sandstone. Sedimentary characteristics observed in outcrop will be compared with a core from the DJ Basin.
email: staff@rmag.org
phone: 800.970.7624
Vol. 68, No. 10 | www.rmag.org
1999 Broadway, Ste. 730, Denver, CO, 80202
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web: www.rmag.org
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Follow: @rmagdenver
PRESIDENT’S LETTER By Tom Sperr
Thanks To You All
There comes a time when the RMAG president needs to thank everyone who has put in their time and effort for this organization. Thanks to all of you who have volunteered this year and in past years for RMAG. I can’t begin to total the number of hours contributed by the first rate people we have on our board, our committees and our other volunteers. Thanks to your employers for allowing you to take time out of your busy day to help RMAG. Thanks to the companies who have contributed as financial sponsors of RMAG and also have contributed in kind with rooms, food and beverage, transport of cores, et cetera. And thanks to our office staff for everything they do to make our organization work. Speaking of sponsorship, our corporate sponsors contribute about one third of our budget every year. Without them, we couldn’t “keep the lights on” at RMAG. No one will be
surprised by the fact that our corporate sponsorship totals rise and fall with the price of oil and the activity in the Rockies. Our dues make up about another third of our budget. We currently have about 1,600 active members. Our membership also waxes and wanes with the changes in commodity prices and employment of our members. The rest of our budget is made up by income from our schools and events. RMAG has a “lumpy” income stream where we do best in years when we host the AAPG section meetings or the annual convention. In off years, we can draw funds we have banked to make up losses in our annual budget. We try to budget every year to be in the black, but like any business it is hard to forecast what our income will be in the next year. We try to run RMAG as a business while keeping in mind our real purpose of providing educational and social events for our membership, year in and year out.
KC Oren President
Denver Office: Brooks Tower 1020 15th Street Denver CO 80202 Postal Address: Frisco CO 80443-0063 Email: KC@GeoStarSolu�ons.com
Phone: 303.249.9965 Web: GeoStar.Partners
Lateral Thinking. Experience our Edge!
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Night at the Library
Join us for a special associations gathering! The American Institute of Professional Geologists, Denver Earth Resources Library, Denver Well Logging Society, Rocky Mountain Association of Geologists, Society for Sedimentary Geology, and Society of Petroleum Engineers are hosting an associations gathering at DERL. Enjoy FOOD, DRINKS (including a surprise cocktail!), and CONVERSATION--all in the library!
Free and open to all! OCTOBER 30, 2019 | 4PM-7PM | 730 17TH ST., DENVER 11 (corner of 17th & Stout - in the basement)
Vol. 68, No. 10 | www.rmag.org
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RMAG/DWLS
Fall Symposium
October 22, 2019 Sheraton Denver West The Rocky Mountain Association of Geologists and the Denver Well Logging Society are teaming up again to present the 2019 Fall Symposium
MULTISCALE IMAGING FOR RESERVOIR OPTIMIZATION Pricing: Members: $250 Non-members: $275
Register at www.rmag.org
Sponsorships and exhibitor spots available! Contact the RMAG for details. email: staff@rmag.org
phone: 800.970.7624
follow: @rmagdenver
1999 Broadway, Suite 730, Denver, CO, 80202 OUTCROP | October 2019
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RMAG/DWLS 2019 Fall Symposium October 22, 2019 | Sheraton Denver West
Speaker Line-up
Speaker Lyn Canter (Sedimentary Solutions LLC) 1
Talk Title Microscopy and Electron Microscopy: Brief History of Rock Imaging
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Connor Burt *, Silvano Sommacal , Andrew Fogden1, Benjamin Young1, William Noel1, Alessio Arena1, Leonardo Salazar1, Tobias Multi-scale multi-modal imaging for complete Gerwig1, Qianhao Cheng2, Andrew Kingston2, 3 3 Denis Marchal , Ana Maria Perez Mazas , Claudio characterization of pore systems in unconventional reservoir Hugo Naides3, Guillermina Kohler3, and Marcelo rocks Cagnolatti3 (1. Thermo Fisher Scientific, 2. Department of Applied Mathematics, Australian National University, 3. Petrobras Argentina S.A.) Alan P. Byrnes1,*, Shawn Zhang2,**, James Howard2, Patricia Rodrigues1, Mary Guisinger1; (1. Whiting Oil & Gas Corporation, 2. DigiM Solution LLC) Andrew Fager*, Gana Balasubramanian, Bernd Crouse, David Freed (Dassault Systèmes) Brianna Berg*, Shibu Arens, Cody Bomberger, Michael Hoffman (AIM GeoAnalytics) Adey Ojelabi* and Josh Ulla (DeepImaging) 1 2 Terri Olson* and Brad Michalchuk (1. Digital RockPetrophysics, 2. Anschutz)
Relative Permeability Upscaling in Porosity Systems with Under-resolved Features Using Image-Based Rock Physics Prediction of shale matrix permeability controls through simulation of advection and diffusion processes Visualization and Quantification of Micron and Sub-micron Scale Pore Heterogeneity in Tight Oil Basins Imaging frac fluid during completions and flowback to uncover how we are actually treating the rock Pore Systems in the Niobrara and Mowry Shales, Powder River Basin, Wyoming
Imaging microcrystalline quartz and related silica polymorphs Marsha French* and Jacquie Colborne (Colorado to understand the formation of microcrystalline quartz in the School of Mines) Wolfcamp A siliceous mudstones, southern Delaware Basin Rachel Williams* & David Bell (Occidental Oil & Gas) R. Pelapur*, C. Burt, A. Aghaei, P. Bhattad (Thermo Fisher Scientific) Andrew C. Johnson*, Andy Wray, Elia Haddad, Fausto G. V. Nieto, Akinolou Williams (Schlumberger) *Presenter at symposium Vol. 68, No. 10 | www.rmag.org
Integrated Characterization of a Conventional Reservoir using Legacy Cuttings/Core and New Well Data, Central Basin Platform, Texas Segmentation & Correlative Analysis of Conventional 2D Petrography Thin Sections and 3D Micro-CT Modeling Petrophysical and Geomechanical Properties for a Thin-Bed Reservoir using High Resolution Image Logs and Machine Learning
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LEAD STORY
Underground Water Storage Could Be Colorado’s Future By Ralf Topper, CPG, CO Division of Water Resources (retired) by surface-water reservoirs in the semi-arid west, and greatly reduces the environmental impacts of changes in the natural flow of rivers and streams.
INTRODUCTION Increasing storage is an integral theme of Colorado’s 2016 Water Plan. The Water Plan’s recommendations for carefully employing groundwater resources to help address the state’s future water needs focus on a measurable objective for future water storage of attaining 400,000 acre-feet of additional storage by 2050. Expanded surface-water storage remains the preferred infrastructure option of Colorado’s water managers in part because of an entrenched institutional mindset, but also in response to restrictions in Colorado water law. The Water Plan, however, notes the importance of using innovative technologies such as aquifer storage and recovery to achieve this storage goal. The occurrence and distribution of Colorado’s groundwater resources are inherently linked to the state’s geography and underlying geology. Subsurface water storage in aquifers significantly reduces the financial, permitting, environmental, security, and socio-economic hurdles associated with construction of new surface water reservoirs. Aquifers exist as natural capital infrastructure with storage, transmission, and treatment capacities. Storing water underground avoids the massive losses to evaporation experienced OUTCROP | October 2019
TERMINOLOGY
The concept of storing water underground has gone by many names. Aquifer recharge, formerly known as “artificial” recharge, is defined as any engineered system designed to introduce water to, and store water in, underlying aquifers whether the water is recharged at the surface or underground. Aquifer storage and recovery (ASR) adds the extraction component to the water being stored and both injection and recovery is typically implemented through wells. Recently, scientific and engineering professional societies (e.g. American Society of Civil Engineers, National Groundwater Association) have been promoting the term managed aquifer recharge (MAR) as an umbrella term for a range of technologies to place water into the subsurface. Managed aquifer recharge is the intentional recharge of water to suitable aquifers for subsequent recovery or to achieve environmental benefits; the managed process includes water quality considerations to assure adequate protection of human
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LEAD STORY
Alluvium along major rivers and tributaries in Colorado is shown as a stippled yellow pattern; other Quaternary formations are shown in light yellow
FIGURE 1:
valley-fill), 3) consolidated sedimentary rock aquifers, and 4) volcanic and crystalline rock aquifers. Colorado’s complex geology and structural history results in numerous regional and local aquifers and aquifer systems. Alluvial deposits (Figure 1) consist of unconsolidated Quaternary age clastic sediments forming aquifers associated with the state’s major river systems. Alluvial aquifers rarely extend deeper than 100 feet and are in hydrologic connection with the stream system. Due to their high porosity and permeability, alluvial aquifers are generally the most productive aquifer type in the state. Sedimentary bedrock aquifers are composed primarily of consolidated or semi-consolidated clastic or carbonate materials. Major sedimentary bedrock aquifers in Colorado consist predominantly of sandstones and limestones of varying age. The distribution, depth
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health and the environment.
OVERVIEW OF COLORADO’S AQUIFERS The Ground-Water Atlas of Colorado (Topper et al, 2003), published by the Colorado Geological Survey (CGS), provides a comprehensive reference of the state’s groundwater resources summarizing the location, geography, geology, water quality, and hydrologic characteristics of its major aquifers. The CGS is currently updating the Atlas as a digital, webbased product. For the purposes of this article a brief overview of Colorado’s aquifers and aquifer systems is presented. Colorado’s principal aquifers are generally categorized as: 1) unconsolidated Quaternary age alluvial aquifers associated with major river systems, 2) poorly consolidated or unconsolidated sediments (e.g. OUTCROP | October 2019
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LEAD STORY
Sedimentary bedrock aquifers in Colorado. Ancestral Rocky Mountains basins are in blue, Laramide basins are in tan, and regions are in green. The areas in light gray lie within the mountainous region shown in Figure 3.
FIGURE 2:
and thickness of sedimentary bedrock aquifers varies significantly depending on geologic setting, with aquifers dominated by one or two geologic formations and spanning large regions such as on the eastern plains or multiple aquifer systems consisting of several formations filling deep structural basins associated with the Ancestral Rocky Mountain or Laramide uplifts (Figure 2). Aquifers in the mountainous region of central Colorado consist of either volcanic or crystalline rock or are associated with sedimentary rocks in intermountain valleys. The mountainous region is the most geologically complex. Within this region are deep valleys formed by Neogene faulting that are filled with complexly deformed sedimentary formations of many ages and areas of intense volcanic activity. Fractured
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crystalline bedrock (igneous or metamorphic) is at or near the surface over large portions of Colorado’s mountainous region where it forms the only available aquifer. Crystalline rock aquifers consist of interlocking mineral crystals with no interconnected pore space to create porosity or permeability. Groundwater only occurs and moves through fractures and faults crosscut into the rock. Because of this, groundwater production and storage capacity are generally low.
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STUDIES QUANTIFYING AQUIFER STORAGE CAPACITIES
It’s easier to recognize and grasp the storage volumes available in a large surface-water reservoir than it is to visualize the vast potential groundwater reservoir beneath the surface. Activities related to ASR
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LEAD STORY
FIGURE 3: Mountainous region aquifers with intermountain valley outlines
in Colorado have a long history. As early as 1959, the General Assembly passed Senate Bill 336 to develop criteria for the proper management and operation of Colorado’s groundwater reservoirs focusing on areas of interest within the South Platte alluvium. It took 35 years, however, before the first rules governing aquifer recharge and extraction allowed water managers in the Denver Basin to start implementing ASR operations. Reaction to the drought of 2002 led the Colorado Geological Survey (CGS) to investigate and publish a reconnaissance-level, statewide assessment of available storage capacities in the state’s alluvial and bedrock aquifers (Topper et al., 2004). Their report identifies and ranks 13 unconsolidated alluvial aquifer systems and 24 consolidated bedrock aquifer systems throughout the state with potential storage capacities in excess of 100,000 acre-feet each, about the size of Elevenmile Canyon Reservoir in the foothills southwest of Denver. In 2006, the Colorado General Assembly OUTCROP | October 2019
authorized an underground water storage study (SB06-193) that focused on the alluvial and bedrock aquifer systems on the eastern plains (CWCB, 2007). The aquifers within the South Platte and Arkansas River basins were divided into four regions for evaluation: South Platte River basin alluvial aquifers, Arkansas River basin alluvial aquifers, Denver Basin bedrock aquifers, and the Ogallala and Dakota-Cheyenne bedrock aquifers. The study considered 10 evaluation criteria for hydrogeologic, environmental, and implementation considerations, and concluded that numerous areas for potential underground water storage exist in both alluvial and bedrock aquifers in the South Platte and Arkansas River basins, and that available underground storage capacities are on the order of tens to hundreds of thousands of acre-feet (Figure 4). Based on their statewide assessment and the results of the SB06-193 study, the CGS conducted aquifer specific studies in the Upper Black Squirrel Creek and Lost Creek basin alluvial systems (Topper, 2008;
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LEAD STORY
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Waterson & Topper, 2011). In both basins, the CGS compiled and analyzed geographic, geologic, hydrologic, and water quality data to assess the potential for ASR implementation in the alluvial aquifer. Their identified available storage capacities in the Upper Black Squirrel Creek alluvial aquifer ranged from 26,000 to 218,000 acre-feet depending upon the fill level, while capacities in the Lost Creek alluvial aquifer ranged from 18,000 to 322,000 acre-feet. Identifying multi-purpose water storage options was again the focus of the General Assembly in 2016 when it passed HB16-1256, authorizing the lower South Platte River Storage Study. Of the 19 potential aquifer storage sites identified, 7 aquifer storage sites remained priority candidates after their screening process. These include lower and upper Lost Creek, Badger/Beaver Creek, lower and upper Kiowa Creek, and lower and upper Bijou Creek. The analysis concluded that an ASR project gives a higher firm yield and better storage-to-yield ratio than a surface water reservoir of the same storage capacity.
FIGURE 4: Summary from the 2006 Underground Water Storage Study showing
the highest scoring aquifer areas in the South Platte and Arkansas River basins.
SUBSURFACE WATER STORAGE OBJECTIVES
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surface flows, 2) stormwater runoff, 3) treated effluent, and 4) produced waters (by-product of oil & gas production). The technology, location, design, permit requirements, and operation of an MAR system are dependent upon the primary water management objective(s). Most MAR applications are for seasonal, longterm, or emergency storage of drinking water supplies. The objectives of most MAR applications fall
Development of aquifer storage and recovery facilities, specifically using injection and recovery wells, in the U.S. has been on a rapid growth curve for the past twenty years with 125 wellfields in over 20 states (Pyne, 2016). As of November 2016, Colorado had 6 different operating wellfields consisting of 45 ASR wells all in the Denver Basin. MAR project applications are quite versatile given the many options of geologic environment, source of water, and intended use of the stored water. Source water options for MAR include: 1) excess legally available
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LEAD STORY
Chart outlining water management objectives for managed aquifer recharge (MAR) applications. FIGURE 5:
Until last year, the “administrative” Denver Basin was the only area within Colorado where the State Engineer promulgated rules and regulations for the permitting and use of waters “artificially” recharged and extracted. Denver Basin groundwater is water within four successively overlying aquifers; the Dawson, Denver, Arapahoe, and Laramie-Fox Hills located within the 6,700-square mile structural Denver Basin between Greeley and Colorado Springs (Figure 6). Centennial Water and Sanitation District initiated its ASR program in 1991 with a single Arapahoe Aquifer well used to evaluate the feasibility of long-term, high-volume storage of treated water and subsequent recovery of the injected water. The initial testing verified that ASR would provide a significant, low-cost water storage option with no evaporation losses. Since 1991, Centennial has continued operating ASR wells and has permitted and equipped 25 wells completed in the Denver, Arapahoe, and Laramie-Fox Hills aquifers of the Denver Basin. As of 2019, Centennial has stored over 14,000 acre-feet of water in those aquifers
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into one, or a combination, of the categories illustrated in Figure 5.
ACTIVE COLORADO PROJECTS
Colorado water users have been very effective in operating aquifer recharge projects, predominantly in the South Platte and Arkansas River basins, to meet their legal obligations of replacing stream depletions resulting from out-of-priority groundwater pumping through implementation of augmentation plans. Recharge amounts vary year to year, but peak recharge increased from 150,000 acre-feet before 2002 to 350,000 acre-feet in recent years. The number of recharge ponds increased from 100 to 700 in that same time frame. Recharge facilities have also been constructed to protect or enhance wetland habitat, largely for waterfowl, and to help meet downstream endangered species obligations. These projects, while meeting legal obligations, do not have a typical storage objective. OUTCROP | October 2019
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LEAD STORY
FIGURE 6: Outline of the “administrative” Denver Basin groundwater system and location of
active ASR projects.
underlying Highlands Ranch, Colorado. Other municipal districts within the Denver Basin have also implemented ASR. The Consolidated Mutual Water District drilled and completed six wells (2004 – 2006) specifically designed for ASR operations located adjacent to the Maple Grove Reservoir which ironically provide underground water storage directly beneath the existing surface water reservoir. Colorado Springs Utilities equipped two wells for ASR, one in the Denver Aquifer, and one in the Arapahoe aquifer (2005 – 2006) at its Northgate Water Treatment Plant site. ASR has slowly evolved as an alternative water management strategy for increased water storage along the Front Range. Castle Pines Metropolitan District, East Cherry Creek Valley Water & Sanitation District, and the Town of Castle Rock have all conducted ASR testing in existing Denver Basin wells. With the completion of Denver and Aurora’s Water Infrastructure and Supply Efficiency (WISE) Project, several additional south metropolitan area water districts that rely primarily on groundwater are exploring the use
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of ASR. Deliveries of treated, potable water from the WISE project typically occur during periods of low demand, usually requiring storage of the delivered water. To meet those storage needs, Meridian Metropolitan District, Rangeview Metropolitan District, Inverness Water and Sanitation District, and Cottonwood Water and Sanitation District all are currently (2019) in the process of permitting and equipping existing Denver Basin wells for ASR. Denver Water is also in the process of evaluating how ASR in the Denver Basin can be a part of its water supply and storage operations. Recently, the Colorado State Engineer’s Office expanded the existing ASR Extraction Rules to include all non-tributary aquifers within the state. While this opens the door for opportunities outside of the Denver Basin, regional or aquifer-specific determinations of nontributary groundwater have not been conducted by the state. The statutory definition of nontributary groundwater makes it very difficult to receive a nontributary determination. Given their hydrogeologic characteristics, however, nontributary aquifers lend
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LEAD STORY due to their hydrogeologic characteristics and ease of implementation. Extraction operations in tributary aquifers, however, have the potential to impact senior water rights, and the concept of transient storage has not been addressed in Colorado water law. Achieving the additional storage goals in the Colorado Water Plan, including underground water storage, may require revising Colorado water law.
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themselves to long-term storage of water. Designated basins offer the only other alternative for storage projects within unconsolidated alluvial deposits. Due to the hydrogeologic character of the unconsolidated aquifers in these basins and their legal distinction, designated basins offer good locations to implement ASR. The Colorado Ground Water Commission has recently promulgated new rules for Aquifer Storage and Recovery Plans that impose additional requirements which may also make it more difficult to implement MAR projects in designated basins.
REFERENCES
CWCB, 2007, SB06-193 Underground Water Storage Study: Colorado Water Conservation Board. Pyne, David, 2016, Subsurface Water Storage – Past, Present and Future: Presented at Subsurface Water Storage Symposium, Colorado State University, November 15-16, 2016. Watterson, Nicholas, and Topper, Ralf, 2011, Lost Creek Basin Aquifer Recharge and Storage Study: Colorado Geological Survey, Prepared for the Lost Creek Ground Water Management District. Topper, Ralf, 2008, Upper Black Squirrel Creek Basin Aquifer Recharge and Storage Evaluation: Colorado Geological Survey, Prepared for El Paso County Water Authority. Topper, R., Barkmann, P.E., Bird, D.R., and Sares, M.R., 2004, Artificial Recharge of Ground Water in Colorado – A Statewide Assessment: Colorado Geological Survey Environmental Geology Series #13. Topper, R., Spray, K.L., Bellis, W.H., Hamilton, J.L., and Barkmann, P.E., 2003, Ground-Water Atlas of Colorado: Colorado Geological Survey Special Publication 53, 210 p.
SUMMARY
Subsurface water storage in aquifers significantly reduces the financial, permitting, environmental, security, and socio-economic hurdles associated with construction of new surface water reservoirs. The capital infrastructure already exists naturally and avoids massive evaporation losses. State-sponsored studies have quantified numerous aquifers, both bedrock and alluvial, throughout the state with tens to hundreds of thousands of acre-feet of storage capacity. While the viability of storing water in Colorado’s groundwater reservoirs has been studied for over 60 years, project implementation was not initiated until rules and regulations for aquifer recharge and extraction were promulgated for the Denver Basin aquifers, which is still the only area in Colorado implementing ASR. While new rules open the doors for project implementation in nontributary aquifers throughout the state, obtaining a nontributary determination is extremely difficult. The best storage opportunities are in alluvial aquifers
RALF TOPPER (now retired) serviced as the senior hydrogeologist in both the Colorado Division of Water Resources and the Colorado Geological Survey. He has earned advanced degrees in Geology (BS, MS) and Hydrogeology (MS) from CU-Boulder and Colorado School of Mines and has over 35 years of professional geoscience experience in both the private and public sectors. He is a Certified Professional Geologist, a Geological Society of America Fellow, and an active member of both national and state groundwater societies. Ralf has authored numerous papers and publications on Colorado’s groundwater resources including the award-winning Ground Water Atlas of Colorado. Ralf and his wife, Karen, are long-term residents of Conifer (over 30 years) where he enjoys snowboarding, riding motorcycles, boating, hunting, and fishing.
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ROCKY MOUNTAIN ASSOCIATION OF GEOLOGISTS
Rockbuster's Bash
AWARDS CELEBRATION & DINNER November 13, 2019 | 5pm-9pm ChopHouse Denver | 1735 19th Street
Dinner & Dessert Cash Bar Live Auction
Register at www.rmag.org
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email: staff@rmag.org phone: 800.970.7624 1999 Broadway, Suite 730, Denver CO 80202
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$55 / person $400 / table
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fax: 323.352.0046 www.rmag.org
RMAG LUNCHEON PROGRAMS Speaker: Matthew Belobraydic | October 2, 2019
Geology at the Crossroads of the Future By Matthew Belobraydic locations, targets, and design completion strategies that provide the most economic advantageous way to extract hydrocarbons. Data scientists are creating new ways to make tedious parts of interpretations more automated, leading to a larger amount of data available to incorporate into interpretations. Correlations and results, however, may not make sense without being “ground-truthed” with real world geologic knowledge. Through integrated teams and the increase in available data and interpretations, geologists are in a unique position to “wiggle” into the role of leading the data science revolution currently underway in the petroleum industry. Using the Bakken and Three Forks plays in the Williston Basin as an example, the geologic domain as the integration platform for petrophysics, geomechanics, production and stimulation engineering, reservoir engineering, management, and (of course) geology will be demonstrated.
“With their four-dimensional minds, and in their interdisciplinary ultra-verbal way, geologists can wiggle out of almost anything.” – John McPhee
As the oil and gas industry moves to more data driven solutions through big data, cloud solutions, and artificial intelligence, geoscientists are poised to step deeper into the lead integrator role. Combining different scales, vintages, and sources of data is a requirement to maximize ROI in oil and gas fields and plays. Gone are the days of siloed teams. With cheap data storage and faster model realizations, multiple working hypotheses can be tested utilizing multidomain interpretations that can be integrated back into analyses, creating a positive feedback loop to identify true play and basin drivers, quantify uncertainties, and minimize risk. Cloud computing, artificial intelligence, and new correlation methods are making it easier to find well
MATTHEW BELOBRAYDIC is a reservoir geologist with the SIS Integrated Consulting Group in Denver, Colorado. He graduated with a B.S. in Geology from the University of Idaho and a M.S. in Geology from Ball State University. He has been working for Schlumberger since 2008 focusing on stratigraphy, structural modeling, geostatistics, property modeling, and uncertainty analysis. He is currently working as part an integrated team developing static and dynamic reservoir models, unconventional reservoir characterizations, and client solutions for basins and fields located across the world. OUTCROP | October 2019
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Fall PTTC Workshops Principles of Hydraulic Fracturing
Monday October 14 – Tuesday October 15, 2019 Location: Durango, CO; Fort Lewis College Fee: $375, includes snacks, class notes, and PDH certificate Instructor: Dr. Jennifer Miskimins, Colorado School of Mines
COURSE OBJECTIVES: This two-day short course is directed at engineering and geoscience professionals involved in hydraulic fracture stimulation of oil and gas wells. The primary focus is stimulation design for tight gas and unconventional reservoirs, but the topics covered apply generally to hydraulic fracture stimulation of all reservoirs. Specific topics include rock mechanics, stresses, modeling, perforating for stimulation, fracture fluid rheology, predicting conductivity, pre-treatment injection tests, proppant transport, and horizontal well stimulation. The main course objective is to review and discuss topics critical for optimizing hydraulic fracturing treatments.
WHAT PARTICIPANTS CAN REASONABLY EXPECT TO LEARN: An emphasis is placed on fracturing treatment design and the input data required to optimize such treatments. The course stresses the interrelationships between data and disciplines in fracture design optimization. WHO SHOULD ATTEND? The course is primarily intended to offer an introduction to hydraulic fracture design and optimization. Those new to the industry, new to hydraulic fracturing completions, or just interested in a refresher on hydraulic fracturing concepts will benefit most from the course.
Oil and Gas Property Valuation
Tuesday, November 12, 2019, Location: Colorado School of Mines, Student Center Ballroom C Fee: $250, includes snacks, class notes, and PDH certificate Instructors: Nicholas Kernan, US Dept of Interior
The valuation of oil and gas properties has rapidly developed into one of the most important skills within the energy sector. This course aims to introduce individuals to a basic workflow that will allow them to take raw data and develop an opinion of value for oil and gas acreage. The focus will be on-shore U.S. unconventional resources. Valuations will be considered from both the standpoint of operators and royalty owners. Topics to be discussed are: the role of geology in valuations, forecasting production, commodity prices, development plans, defining risk, quantifying uncertainty, and the construction of discounted cash flows. All of these topics could be a course in their own right and this workshop does not aim to make participants experts in any one of the above topics. Rather, it aims to bring all these concepts together in a practical workflow, providing the participant guidance for future investigation. It should also help give technical experts context of how their day-to-day work affects business decisions. This is an introductory class and is not meant for individuals that are already familiar with oil and gas property valuation. The class encourages participants to bring their own computer, as some of the exercises will involve building simple cash flows in Excel. Class Descriptions and Register Online: www.pttcrockies.org For more information, contact Mary Carr, 303.273.3107, mcarr@mines.edu
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RMAG LUNCHEON PROGRAMS Speaker: Maxwell Pommer | November 6, 2019
Biochemical and Stratigraphic Controls on Pore-System Evolution, Phosphoria Rock Complex (Permian), Rocky Mountain Region, USA By Maxwell Pommer and J. Frederick Sarg shelfal waters in transgressions. This resulted in accumulation and microbial decay of S-rich OM, phosphatization, carbonate precipitation, silicification, as well as deposition of calcitic biotic debris (bryozoans, brachiopods, and crinoids) and micrite. Relative to landwards and highstand marine components, transgressive basinal marine carbonates and silica are δ18O-depleted due to microbial decay of OM. Extensive cementation coupled with near-surface compaction and recrystallization of micrite occluded large portions of porosity in transgressive phosphorites and carbonates. Porosity in these rocks is dominated by interparticle and, to a lesser degree, intraparticle microporosity in microbored phosphatized and micritized grains. Phosphorites are compacted where cements are not pervasive. OM-rich sediments host minimal volumes of interparticle nanoporosity, due to mechanical compaction and incursion of secondary OM (bitumen) during burial. PRC OM is S-rich, due to sulfate-reducing bacterial enrichment, and locally
Note: This manuscript is feature in SEPM Special Publication #112 – Carbonate Pore Systems: New Developments and Case Studies Pore systems in the Middle Permian Phosphoria Rock Complex (PRC), Rocky Mountain Region, USA, evolved with biotic and chemical dynamics in a shallow epicontinental seaway undergoing extreme environmental shifts. Biochemical responses to environmental changes directly affected pore systems and controlled diagenetic pathways through burial. Petrographic methods and spatially resolved measurements of δ18O in sequence-stratigraphic context allow characterization of pore systems and their evolution in heterogenous biochemical sediments. Pore systems vary regionally and across systems tracts on second(9 – 10MY) and third-orders (2 – 5MY) timescales. Minimal porosity occurs in transgressive mudrocks rich in organic matter (OM), phosphorites, and carbonates. Cool, acidic, low-oxygen, nutrient-rich basinal waters interacted with warm open to restricted MAXWELL POMMER, PHD Max is a geologist who utilizes stratigraphic, petrographic, and geochemical methods to study hydrocarbon systems and Earth history. He has a bachelor’s degree from the University of Colorado Boulder, a master’s from The University of Texas at OUTCROP | October 2019
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Austin, and a PhD from Colorado School of Mines. Max’s research focuses on biochemical sedimentary systems, poresystem evolution, and environmental changes imprinted in the rock record. Academically, he has researched the Eagle Ford Formation, the Phosphoria 26
Rock Complex, and the Green River Formation. He has worked as a petrographic and stratigraphic consultant for domestic and international oil and gas companies since 2011. Currently, he is Senior Geologic Advisor with Premier Oilfield Group in Denver, Colorado.
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Proudly developing Colorado’s energy potential through innovation, safety and a commitment to our community l e a r n m o r e at : w w w . c r e s t o n e p e a k r e s o u r c e s . c o m
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RMAG LUNCHEON PROGRAMS carbonate diagenesis resulted in small volumes of intraparticle, interparticle, and moldic porosity, as well as increased susceptibility to fracturing and associated permeability enhancement. Chalcedony in spiculites and silicified carbonates host minor volumes of porosity where moganite crystallites dissolved during hydrocarbon migration. Highstand dolomites host abundant intercrystalline, moldic, fenestral, and interparticle macroporosity and microporosity, especially in peloidal wackestones, mollusc debris, ooid grainstones, and peritidal microbialites. Dolomitization resulted in dissolution of aragonitic mollusc and ooids, cementation, and preservation of primary porosity. Porosity loss through burial in dolomites occurs through mechanical compaction, and to a lesser degree, precipitation of zoned carbonate cements that are δ18O-depleted relative to earlier dolomite. Compaction strongly decreases intercrystalline porosity in dolomitized peloidal wackestones. Secondary OM related to hydrocarbon migration coats surfaces and fills small pore-volumes, inhibiting burial cementation.
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abundant. This drove early generation of secondary OM and inhibited OM-hosted porosity development through thermal maturation. Large volumes of porosity accumulated in highstand sediments and varied with transitions from silicisponge spicule cherts and calcitic-biota carbonates to pervasively dolomitized micritic, peloidal, aragonitic mollusc, and peritidal microbial sediments. These biochemical transitions, and ultimately pore-system evolution, was driven by interaction between oxygenated open marine waters, eolian siliciclastic debris, and increasingly restricted shelfal waters. Marine carbonate and silica δ18O are consistent with Middle Permian open marine waters but are enriched landwards and through highstands with evaporative fractionation. This, δ18O-enriched authigenic silica in carbonates and evaporite replacements, as well as δ18O-enrichment through silica precipitation suggest dolomitization, and silicification were driven by evaporitic processes. In spiculitic cherts and siltstones, silicification and
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WELCOME NEW RMAG MEMBERS!
Thomas Arthur
lives in Evergreen, Colorado.
William Duggins
is a Geologist in Crested Butte, Colorado.
Shane Eiring
is a Staff Petrophysicist at Halcon Resources in Lakewood, Colorado.
works at Cherokee Ridge Resources LLC in Littleton, Colorado. is a Senior Geologist at Eon NRG in Denver, Colorado. is a Petroleum Engineering student at University of North Dakota and lives in Cheyenne Wells, Colorado.
Josh Ezernack
is a new Associate Member.
Amy Freye
is a Geologist at Enhance Oil Recovery Institute in Casper, Wyoming.
Jon Hassinger Erik Hulm
Keith Owen
Hamid Samari
lives in Denver, Colorado.
Colin Scheaffer
lives in Colorado Springs, Colorado.
Dean Turner
is a Consulting Geologist at Exploration Geotechnolgies Inc. in Littleton, Colorado.
Robert Wallace
is President at Valor Energy LLC in Dallas, Texas.
Charles Willmore is Owner at Willmore Geologic in Austin, Texas.
Davina Wolfe
lives in Denver, Colorado.
Laurence Sones
is a Sales Engineer at GR Energy Services in Morrison, Colorado.
COLORADO BORN. COLORADO BUILT. Colorado Committed. WE ARE GREAT WESTERN. WE ARE
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MINERAL OF THE QUARTER By Ronald L. Parker Senior Geologist, Borehole Image Specialists, 5650 Greenwood Plaza Boulevard, Suite 103 Greenwood Village, CO 80111 | ron@bhigeo.com
STILBITE One Zeolite Rock-Star
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Stilbite is one of the most common members of the zeolite family of minerals. Here, pinkish splays of stilbite appear to thicken away from a radial central point to form the diagnostic “bow-tie” or “wheat sheaf” crystal aggregates. Stilbite commonly co-occurs with other zeolites, in this case, pointy heulandite (top center). The light green pseudo-cubic apophyllite makes this an especially pleasing specimen. Photo by Ronald L. Parker
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MINERAL OF THE QUARTER: STILBITE
Lustrous, translucent red-brown bladed stilbite crystals. Touch Reservoir Dam, near Stirling, Stirlingshire, Scotland. Used with permission from John Betts Fine Minerals.
Stilbite (variable formula, NaCa2 Al5Si13O36•14H2O) is a hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate that forms in lacustrine and marine sediments and as vein, vesicle and cavity fillings in basalt, gabbro, serpentinite and tuffaceous material. Stilbite is very popular amongst mineral collectors for its distinctive “bow-tie” shaped lustrous crystal masses and its (sometimes) very attractive mineral co-conspirators. Stilbite is, perhaps, the most collected of the zeolite family of minerals. The name stilbite is derived from the Greek “stilbein” meaning to glitter or shine, a reference to its vitreous and pearly luster. The pearly luster of stilbite is a result of light reflecting from the thin, stacked, foliar plates that create an outward appearance that looks reminiscent of radiating fibers (Klein, 2002). The crystals are not fibers, however, instead being comprised of very thin sheets. Stilbite is very often observed as sheaf-like radiating bundles of thin, flat, curved crystals that are tabular parallel
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to (010). Elongation of the thin sheets is along the c-crystallographic axis (Nesse, 2002). The “sheaf” character is said to resemble a bundle of wheat that is belted in the middle. This crystal habit is quite unusual, being shared only by the zeolite mineral stellerite (Farndon and Parker, 2011). Sheaf-like crystalline masses are often observed occurring as cruciform penetration twins. Stilbite also occurs as more flattened, tabular crystals often with a pointed termination. Stilbite occurs most commonly as white, pink, red, brown or orange crystals (Klein, 2002). Unusual green blue or black stilbites are known (Bonewitz, 2005). Stilbite has a hardness of 3.5 to 4, a specific gravity of 2.1 to 2.3 and exhibits one perfect cleavage (Farndon and Parker, 2011). Stilbite crystallizes in the 2/m, monoclinic crystal class (Johnson, 2002). In thin-section, stilbite displays low to moderate negative relief, is biaxial negative with a 2V angle ranging from 30° to 49°. With low birefringence, interference
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Striking blue radiating spherical cavansite crystals on doublyterminated, translucent white stilbite crystals. Wagholi Quarry, Maharashtra, India. Used with permission from John Betts Fine Minerals.
Doubly-terminated wheatsheaf crystal cluster of white stilbite. Forest Service Road 88 road cut, Skamania County, Washington. Used with permission from John Betts Fine Minerals.
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MINERAL OF THE QUARTER: STILBITE
Lustrous translucent pale pink tapered stilbite sheaths with bright orange heulandite crystals on white, finelycrystalline mordenite. From a basaltic vesicle in Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India. Used with permission from John Betts Fine Minerals.
colors in thin-section are low-order grays and yellows (Nesse, 2002). Stilbite is a zeolite, all of which are tectosilicates characterized by infinite, three-dimensional framework structures consisting of silica (SiO4) and aluminum (AlO4) tetrahedra (Chang, 2002). Aluminum (3+) substitution in silica (4+) tetrahedra creates a charge imbalance that is satisfied by alkali and alkali-earth cations loosely bonded to the framework. The tetrahedral framework in zeolites contains open cavities that form channels and cages that are often occupied by water or other molecules. Water in extra-framework positions can be readily removed and reinstalled. Thus, zeolites have a high potential for reversible dehydration that does not alter the aluminosilicate framework. Dehydrated zeolite structures can reversibly adsorb other molecules, making them ideal ion-exchange substrates (Coombs, et. al., 1997). The first application of this principle was Vol. 68, No. 10 | www.rmag.org
the development of water softening materials. Calcium-enriched (hard) water is passed through a volume of sodium-bearing zeolite pellets. The calcium is adsorbed to the zeolite exchanging with sodium to yield soft water. When all the exchangeable sodium has been stripped from the zeolite, salt water is flushed through the pellets removing the calcium and recharging the cation exchange capacity (Kesler, 1994). Another important characteristic of zeolites is that the open framework structure permits them to act as molecular sieves, allowing specific ions or gases through the structure and filtering others out. While, different zeolite species have different sized cavities, custom engineering produces highly-specialized synthetic zeolites that are designed to sequester specific molecules, including truly giant organic molecules (Kesler, 1994). (Stilbite, in particular is used in petroleum refining) (Bonewitz, 2005).
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MINERAL OF THE QUARTER: STILBITE
Light yellow-tan bladed stilbite crystals over translucent gray calcite. Discovered in 1915 in the Hunt’s Point rock dump excavated from the IRT Pelham Line subway tunnel beneath Southern Boulevard, Bronx, New York City. Used with permission from John Betts Fine Minerals.
Molecular sieves are very important, particularly in crude oil refining and petrochemical manufacturing (Kesler, 1994). Environmental applications of zeolites include treatment of municipal, industrial and nuclear wastewaters, remediating acid mine drainage, heavy metal contaminated soils and sequestering radioactive wastes (Eby, 2004). Zeolites are used to purify natural gas by selectively absorbing CO2, SO4 and H2O (Chang, 2004). Stilbite, along with other zeolites, is most often formed by alteration of volcanic and volcanically-derived rocks by hydrothermal fluids. Stilbite, and other zeolites, can form in a wide range of other rock types, usually ones that have a feldspathic precursor. The identity of the specific zeolite formed from this interaction is dependent upon pressure, temperature and the ionic composition of the reacting water. There is often a paragenetic sequence that develops over time whereby early formed zeolites become OUTCROP | October 2019
unstable and are replaced by different zeolite minerals. This may happen several times (Chang, 2002). As a consequence of this behavior, stilbite is commonly found in the company of other zeolite minerals, including heulandite and natrolite. Other mineral associations include the “wanna-be” zeolites apophyllite and cavansite (phyllosilicates) and calcite, prehnite, epidote, quartz, pyrite and clay minerals. Important localities for stilbite include Berufjord, Iceland; the Faeroe Islands and the Glasgow District, Scotland; Strieggau, Poland; Bay of Fundy, Nova Scotia; Guanajuato, Mexico; New South Wales, Australia; and LeSotho. Exceptional crystals are found in the Deccan Traps, Maharashtra, India. In the United States, stilbite is found in almost any place that has feldspar-bearing volcanic rocks. Significant occurrences are found in Arizona, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Hawaii, Idaho, Maine, Maryland, Michigan, Montana, Nevada, New Jersey, New York, North
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MINERAL OF THE QUARTER: STILBITE
Three examples of creamy, lustrous stilbite sheath clusters on top of bright orange heulandite. Mutliple examples of penetration twinning are in evidence. From basaltic vesicles Poona District, Maharashtra, India. The back of each sample is comprised of dark, finely-crystalline basalt. Photo by Ronald L. Parker
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Carolina, Oregon, Pennsylvania, South Dakota, Vermont, Virginia, Washington and Wyoming (mindat, 2019). The Minerals of Colorado (Eckels et. al., 1997) lists stilbite occurrence in 11 counties and includes North and South Table Mountain (p.459). In 1997 the International Mineralogical Association (IMA) divided stilbite into 2 sub-species based on the dominant non-structural cation: Stilbite-Ca and Stilbite-Na (Coombs, et. al., 1997). Stilbite-Ca is much more abundant. Modern descriptions of stilbite in academia and the scientific literature have adopted this terminology, but it is not widely used outside those realms. I do not make the distinction here. Stilbite: a zeolite worth getting to know.
REFERENCES
Bonewitz, Ronald Louis, 2005, Gem and Mineral: The Definitive Guide to Rocks, Minerals, Gems and Fossils, New York, New York: Dorling-Kindersley Limited, 360 pp. Coombs, Douglas S. and 18 others, 1997, Recommended Nomenclature for Zeolite Minerals: Report of the Subcommittee on Zeolites of the
WEBLINKS
• https://www.minerals.net/mineral/stilbite.aspx • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stilbite • https://www.mindat.org/min-7313.html Vol. 68, No. 10 | www.rmag.org
(Stilbite-Ca) • https://www.mindat.org/min-7314.html (Stilbite-Na) • http://www.webmineral.com/data/Stilbite-Ca.shtml#.XXgkUShKiHs • http://www.webmineral.com/data/Stilbite-Na. shtml#.XXgkbihKiHs • http://www.galleries.com/Stilbite • http://www.handbookofmineralogy.org/pdfs/stilbite-(Ca).pdf
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MINERAL OF THE QUARTER: STILBITE
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International Mineralogical Association, Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names, The Canadian Mineralogist, 35:1571-1606. Eby, G. Nelson, 2004, Principles of Environmental Geochemistry, Pacific Grove, CA.: Brooks-Cole, 514 pp. Eckel, Edwin B., Robert R. Cobban, Donley S. Collins, Eugene E. Foord, Daniel E. Like, Peter J. Modreski and Jack A. Murphy, 1997, The Minerals of Colorado, Revised and Updated. Golden, Colorado: Fulcrum Publishing. 665 pp. Farndon, John and Steve Parker, 2011, The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Minerals, Rocks & Fossils of the World, Leicestershire, U.K.: Anness Publishing, Ltd, 512 pp. Johnsen, Ole, 2002, Minerals of the World: Princeton University Press, Princeton, N.J. 439 pp. Kesler, Stephen A., 1994, Mineral Resources, Economics and the Environment, New York: MacMillan College Publishing Company, Inc., 391 pp. Klein, Cornelis, 2002, The 22nd Edition of the Manual of Mineral Science: New York, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 641 pp. Klein, Cornelis, and Anthony Philpotts, 2013, Earth Materials: Introduction to Mineralogy and Petrology, Cambridge University Press, 536 pp. Mindat (2019) Zeolite Group, https:// www.mindat.org/min-4395.html, accessed 9/10/19. Nesse, William D., 2004, Introduction to Optical Mineralogy, 3rd Edition: New York: Oxford University Press, 348 pp. Vol. 68, No. 10 | www.rmag.org
PIPELINE OCTOBER 2, 2019
OCTOBER 13, 2019
OCTOBER 23, 2019
EnGen Informational Breakfast. 8:00 AM- 9:00 AM, Occidental Petroleum Corp. Register at COGA website.
DIPS Luncheon. Members $20 and Nonmembers $25. For more information or to RSVP via email to kurt. reisser@gmail.com.
COGA Small Operator Half Day.
OCTOBER 2, 2019 RMAG Luncheon. Speaker Matthew Belobraydic. “Geology at the Crossroads of the Future.” Maggiano’s Downtown Denver. OCTOBER 10, 2019 RMAG Sporting Clay Tournament. Kiowa Creek Sporting Club, Bennett, CO. OCTOBER 12, 2019 RMAG On the Rocks Field Trip. Trip Leaders: Piret PlinkBjorklund and Mike Genecov, Colorado School of Mines.
OCTOBER 14-15, 2019 PTTC Rockies Short Course. “Principles of Hydraulic Fracturing.” Durango, CO. October 17, 2019 COGA Fall Networking Event. Broncos Pre-Game Tailgate. 4:30-6:30 PM. OCTOBER 22, 2019 RMAG/DWLS 2019 Fall Symposium. “Multiscale Imaging for Reservoir Optimization.” Sheraton Denver West, Lakewood, CO.
OCTOBER 24, 2019 RMS-SEPM Luncheon. Speaker: Ali Jaffri. Lecture: “Virtual Field Trip to the Persian Gulf.” Wynkoop Brewing Co. OCTOBER 30, 2019 COGA Member Spotlight Luncheon. OCTOBER 30, 2019 DERL Association Happy Hour. OCTOBER 31, 2019 RMS-SEPM Core Workshop. Denver Federal Building 810, Denver, CO.
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RMAG ON THE ROCKS
Dennis Gertenbach (far right) helps identify fossils
Snorkeling through the Pennsylvanian Seas McCoy On-the-Rocks Fieldtrip, August 2019
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shades of the August 2017 eclipse traffic, due to an early-morning accident that shut down the freeway near the Buffalo Overlook at Genesee. A couple of people decided to turn around, but at the end, 19 of us met at the McCoy community center, albeit a bit later than planned. Our leader, Dennis Gertenbach, led us to an outcrop along a ridge in the Minturn Formation a half-mile west of McCoy in the Eagle
It wasn’t exactly Crinoid City. Rather, we snorkeled through the clear warm waters of the Pennsylvanian (Desmoinsean Stage) sea among crinoid and sponge meadows and a high diversity of horn corals, brachiopods, clams, snails, and bryozoans! Except we didn’t need snorkels. Just a willingness to sit down on gray shale under some shady pinyon pines while we sifted through the float. The trip started a little inauspiciously with a massive traffic jam on I-70, with
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Happy fossil hunters at the end of a successful day.
Basin. Houck (1997) discusses how the Minturn Formation in the McCoy area consists of at least nine megacycles of limestone-shale-sandstone-conglomerate, each composed of higher frequency cycles, all reminiscent of the same-aged strata in the San Juan Mountains of southwestern Colorado, Paradox Basin of Utah, and those in the subsurface of the Denver Basin. At McCoy, these deposits occupied a subsiding trough on the west flank of the Ancestral Rockies to the east. That uplift shed coarse clastics across a narrow coastal plain that became deltas feeding into the seaway of the Eagle Basin. Due to glaciation throughout the Pennsylvanian, sea level changes on the scale of 100 m created times during relative sea-level rise
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when the Eagle Sea flooded across the basin, laying down mudstone and limestone on top of the clastic successions. Our fossil-collecting outcrop exploited one of the flooding periods, a calcareous gray-brown shale outcrop, as the object of our fossil frenzy. Richly fossiliferous deposits in the McCoy-Bond area are the best known and most intensively studied Desmoinsean deposits in Colorado (Houck and Lockley, 1986). Where we collected fossils, in the informally named Robinson member, a rich diversity of marine suspension-feeding fauna occupied the seafloor. Fossils (photos) included productid (shells and spines) and spiriferid brachiopods, sponge-attachment clusters, gastropods, burrowing clams, and abundant crinoid plates and columns with typical
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ON-THE-ROCKS FIELD TRIP REPORT
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ABOVE: The best catches of the day! BELOW: One of the gastropods
pentameral symmetry. In addition, some found (but didn’t collect as per BLM prohibition) the rare tiny teeth of the Pennsylvanian shark, Lagarodus, which was first reported in North America from this area. Our “snorkeling” expedition ended around 2:30 p.m. when a thunderstorm cell came right at us. Everyone found their personal quota of fossils and had a great time in spite of the late start!
REFERENCES CITED
Houck, K.J., 1997, Effects of sedimentation, tectonics, and glacio-eustasy on depositional sequences, Pennsylvanian Minturn Formation, North-Central Colorado: AAPG Bulletin, p. 1510-1533. Houck, K.J., and M. Lockley, 1986, A field guide to the Pennsylvanian biofacies of the Minturn Formation, Don-McCoy area, central Colorado Trough: Univ. Colorado Denver field guide for the 4th North American Paleontological Convention, 64 p. OUTCROP | October 2019
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Mineralogy XRD XRF FTIR
Geochemistry Programmed Pyrolysis Organic Geochemistry Analysis Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry Stable Isotopes Fluid Analysis
Water Analyses UV/VIS ICP-OES
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2019 awardees chosen by the RMS-AAPG board. From Left to Right, Lyn George (RMS President), Douglas Sprinkel (John D. Haun Landmark Publication Awardee), Thomas Chidsey, Jr. (John D. Haun Landmark Publication Awardee), Mary Carr (Julie LeFever Awardee), J. Michael Party (AAPG President), David Hawk (Distinguished Service Awardee), Michael Poser (Teacher of the Year), Julia Lemaster (RMS past-president). Awardees not pictured: John Kerns (Robert Weimer Lifetime Contribution Award) and Sarah Friedman (Outstanding Young Professional Award). Photo by Bob Bruner.
An Epic Epoch Adventure Highlights of the 2019 RMS-AAPG Annual Meeting By Katie Joe McDonough and Robin Swank, with contributions from Marron Bingle-Davis and Mike Bingle-Davis
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emerging Rockies resource and tight gas/oil plays. Presentations centered on defining those elusive key parameters that drive successful resource plays and determine their present and future extent. Speakers highlighted sedimentologic, stratigraphic, petrophysical and geostatistical attributes of the Mancos, Mowry, Niobrara, Codell, Green River, Parkman/Turner and Bakken/Three Forks petroleum systems. Several addressed recent emerging plays in the Powder River and Uinta basins, presenting evidence that the source rocks and plays may extend into surrounding areas and basins. Many emphasized functional aspects of advances in maturity and geochemical assessment,
Choosing wisely between three concurrent technical sessions and a poster session posed a challenge for attendees of the 2019 AAPG-Rocky Mountain Section meeting in Cheyenne, WY, September 15-18. Over 420 attendees encountered an energetic, upbeat atmosphere with many opportunities to learn and share new technologies, reconnect with colleagues and make new connections. Sessions on Mudrocks in the Rockies, Carboniferous of the Rockies, Total Petroleum Systems and two featuring the Codell-Niobrara-Mancos (“Mancobrara”) were well attended in ways that would worry a fire marshal. Sessions focused largely on existing and
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ABOVE: Attendees of the “Facies, sequence stratigraphy and reservoir characteristics of the Codell Sandstone, Wall Creek Sandstone, Sage Breaks Shale and Niobrara Formations, Denver, Powder River, Shirley and Laramie basins, CO and WY” field trip, Wall Creek outcrop near Bates Hole, WY. Photo by Jeff May. LEFT: Lively poster session discussion featuring Keith Minor and Bob Raynolds. Photo by Joshua Slattery.
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ABOVE: Attendees at “Sequence Stratigraphy of Unconventional Resource Plays” short course Photo by Ali Jaffri. BELOW: Gus Gustason co-leader of the “Facies, sequence stratigraphy and reservoir characteristics of the Codell Sandstone, Wall Creek Sandstone, Sage Breaks Shale and Niobrara Formations, Denver, Powder River, Shirley and Laramie basins, CO and WY” field trip, standing on burrowed, trough crossbedded, southward-migrating 3D bedforms of the Wall Creek Sandstone. Photo by Jeff May.
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Wall Creek Sandstone south of Douglas. Interpreted as a shelf shoal/ridge with lots of large trough cross-bedded, southwardmigrating, 3D bedforms and internal truncation/reactivation. The noncalcareous whitish bed above is planar laminated and called “Turner” (argh!!). Photo by Jeff May.
sequence stratigraphic correlation, imaging technology, well log analysis/petrophysical evaluation and modeling for target/completions optimization. The Reservoir Characterization and Completions session emphasized that ‘understanding the geology’ remains a primary production driver—we continue to strive to capture it using ever more sophisticated measurement, modeling and predictive tools. One application of log normalization focused on ‘harmonizing’ regional trends ended on a musical note with a mnemonic device courtesy of guitarist Mark Millard. Two special sessions honoring Dr. W.A. “Bill” Cobban for his contributions to stratigraphy demonstrated the far-reaching impact of the late geologist-paleontologist’s work. His colleagues have continued to build upon his internationally-applied Cenomanian-Maastrichtian ammonite zonation for the Western Interior. It was evident from the talks presented in those sessions (and from the speaker Vol. 68, No. 10 | www.rmag.org
gifts—fossil ammonites!) that the energy industry in the western U.S. would not have achieved its present state of innovation without the foundation of biostratigraphy provided by Cobban’s work. The Energy and Minerals Division-Exploring New Frontiers session chaired by Edith Wilson and Peter Northrop was featured for the first time in the Rocky Mountain region, and stressed what’s new and evolving in the alternative energy realm. Talks touched upon the need to identify and prospect domestically for rare earth elements, emerging battery storage technology, helium prospecting, a new look at uranium in paleosols versus roll-front deposits, extracting lithium from produced formation water and CO2 sequestration. Ongoing development of industry/academia collaborations on the topic of CO2 sequestration are noteworthy, as is the similarity (in reverse!) of the workflows to those accomplished daily in our energy-industry work with petroleum reservoirs. As we move into a future that challenges us to consider
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Mike Millard providing some harmonic inspiration during his talk on log normalization. Photo by Xeubing Fu.
our carbon footprint and how to minimize it, we will need all of these ideas to innovate our way toward solutions. The focus turned to education at the well-attended RMS awards dinner, held at the train station/Accomplice Brewery and featuring Jillian Balow (Superintendent of the Wyoming Department of Education) speaking on the intersection of the energy and education communities. Colleagues were enthusiastically recognized for their achievements with awards from the RMS-AAPG board including the Robert J. Weimer Lifetime Contribution, RMS-AAPG Distinguished Service, Julie Lefever Memorial, Outstanding Young Professional and Teacher of the Year awards). In an age where the education of non-scientists in all facets of earth science is taking on new impetus, Utah Geological Survey and Utah Geologic Association scientists received the John D. Haun Landmark Publication award for their “Geology of OUTCROP | October 2019
Utah’s Parks and Monuments”, now in its fourth edition with over 10,000 copies sold. This work educates and entertains geologists and non-scientists alike about the beautiful geologic treasures of the western US. Meanwhile, back at the (Accomplice) Brewery, Peter Bucknam and Jason Sanfilippo dug into their reservoir of knowledge to earn 1st place in the pub trivia contest. The Wyoming Geologic Association and the Rocky Mountain Section of AAPG are to be congratulated on the execution of this fantastic event. The organizers did an outstanding job putting together an intellectually stimulating and educational conference that was a pleasure to attend. Congratulations and appreciation to all who contributed to this ‘epic’ event. The geo-community looks forward to next year’s meeting in Grand Junction, CO, which will be hosted by the Four Corners and Grand Junction Geological Societies.
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Vol. 68, No. 10 | www.rmag.org
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RMAG MUDROCK CORE WORKSHOP
Excited core describers capturing the subtleties of Haynesville cyclicity.
Sedimentology and Stratigraphy of Mudrocks in Core – And application in Well performance September 10-11, USGS Lakewood and Stratum Golden, Co. By Jesse Melick
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Oil Characterization, micro-scale images and their significance in shale oil characterization (why shale gas methods do not work for shale oil). This presentation went through the fundamentals of diagenetic phases of organic matter, thermal maturity, bitumen and the nature of porosity in these source rocks. This bonus material was a welcome addition to the methodical core description and interpretation presentations given by Ali Jaffri, one of the co-instructors. Participation was strong, with 21
This course went well beyond simply instructing how to describe core with the seven different basins that were represented. There were invaluable morning lectures by Dr. Prerna Singh, a research scientist at the University of Houston. These included facies, sequence stratigraphy, mechanical stratigraphy and implications on reservoir stimulation on the first day, going over the basics of mudstones including composition, TOC, matrix and characterization methods, then shifting into stress and frac height concepts. On the second day, she went through Shale
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ABOVE: Ali Jaffri, explaining clinoform migration and mass transport processes in the Mowry. LEFT: My favorite sedimentological feature – mud erosion into siltstone in the Mowry core.
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LEFT: Prerna Sing walking participants through the Buda to Eagle Ford transition. BELOW: Prerna and Ali recapping learnings from the Wolfcamp core.
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LEFT: Sven Egenhoff capturing the attention while talking cycles in the Haynesville, doing his best to not compare it too much about his favorite mudrock in the world, the Bakken. BELOW: Liz and Anne of Stratum proudly presenting the lunch they had catered for us, which generated plenty of contented smiles.
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attendees, giving folks a chance to listen to a core walk through with one of the instructors and/or have some quality one-on-one time with the rocks. Each of the seven cores had a dedicated co-instructor who provided an intro and background with a dedicated exercise. The exercises were difficult, and they encouraged participants to employ the ten-step description technique presented in the morning. Overall it was a fun and informative workshop with lots of great input from the other co-instructors covering topics from geomechanics, diagenesis, ichnology, biochemistry, completions, petrophysics, geosteering and reservoir engineering to geomodel construction. Looking back, this was a rare opportunity to see half a mile of core over two days, more than half of which was donated by local operators. RMAG would like to thank Stratum for hosting the second day, providing breakfast, lunch and covering layout fees!! Look for more great courses/workshops from RMAG. Vol. 68, No. 10 | www.rmag.org
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2020 Board of Directors Candidate
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH
Cat Campbell Candidate for President-Elect
5 WORDS THAT DESCRIBE ME EDUCATION • 2007 University of Wyoming- MS Geology • 2004 Connecticut College- BA Environmental Studies
PROFESIONAL EXPERIENCE
• 2017-present: Camino Natural Resources, Senior Geologist • 2011-2017: Robert L. Bayless, Producer, Senior Geologist • 2007-2011: Encana, Geologist
INVOLVEMENT WITHIN RMAG AND OTHER PROFESSIONAL ORGANIZATIONS
RMAG AAPG • 2017: 2nd Vice President • 2019: Co Chair STEMulating Diversity SIG • 2016-2019: Publications • 2019: AAPG’s AGI Critical Needs Representative Committee • 2018: ACE Source Rocks Theme Chair/Sponsorship • 2015-2018: Awards Committee Chair • 2015-2018: RMAG AAPG Delegate • 2012-2016: President through Secretary AAPG RMS • 2014-Present: Rockbusters Bash • 2011-2014: RMS Young Professional Committee Chair Chair • 2008-2014: Outcrop Editor • 2008-2013: Imperial Barrel Award RMS Chair/ Committee
MOST SIGNIFICANT PUBLICATIONS • Tobey, M. and Campbell, C.E. 2016, Hydrogen Index as a Maturity Proxy; some pitfalls and how to overcome them. Presented in Las Vegas, NV at the RMS-AAPG meeting. A.I. Levorsen Award • Serafin, K., Campbell, C.E., and Thompson, D.M. 2011, A comparison of a seawall-constrained and unconstrained beach in Groton, Connecticut. Northeastern Geographer,v.3. • Campbell, C.E. and Tobey, M. 2010, Mud Gas Mass Spectrometry Applications – Unraveling Frenchie Draw. Presented in Denver, CO at the 2010 COGA Meeting. • Campbell, C.E., Pearson, B.N., and Frost, C.D. 2008, Strontium isotopes as indicators of aquifer communication in an area of coal bed natural gas production, Powder River Basin, Wyoming and Montana. Rocky Mountain Geology, v. 43, no. 2, 149-175.
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• Creative • Curious • Passionate • Mother • Inflatable T Rex
FAVORITE BAND Ben Folds Five
FAVORITE FOOD PB&J on an outcrop
WHY DO YOU WANT TO BE PART OF THE RMAG BOARD? RMAG has been a rock for the Denver geologic community for nearly 100 years and for me personally throughout my career. The training, volunteer opportunities, commitment to our science, and the sense of community that I have received through RMAG have proven invaluable and now I want to give back. This is not only a challenging time for the oil and gas industry, but for science and research in general as well. As a member of the RMAG board I will work to address these issues and move RMAG forward to maintain relevance in a changing world while continuing to foster the founding mission and vision of the organization. Vol. 68, No. 10 | www.rmag.org
2020 Board of Directors Candidate
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH
Rachel Aisner Williams Candidate for First Vice President-Elect
5 WORDS THAT DESCRIBE ME EDUCATION • M.Sc., Geology (Sed/Strat), University of Texas at Austin (2010) • B.A., Mathematics, Smith College (2002)
PROFESIONAL EXPERIENCE
• Geologist, Occidental Oil & Gas, Houston, TX & Denver, CO (2011-present). — 8+ years working Appraisal, Development and Reservoir/Rock Characterization/petrography projects in conventional carbonate/siliciclastic plays and unconventional plays in the Permian Basin. • Intern, ExxonMobil, Offshore GOM Development, Houston, TX (2009) • Geotech, CrownQuest Operating, LLC, Midland, TX (2003-2008) • Permian, San Juan and Paradox Basins.
INVOLVEMENT WITHIN RMAG AND OTHER PROFESSIONAL ORGANIZATIONS
• RMAG Educational Outreach & general volunteer (2018-2019) • Rocky Mountain AAPG Delegate (beginning 2020) • SEPM ISGC 2020 Field Trip co-leader – Mural Limestone, Arizona (Spring, 2020) • AWG – Laramide Chapter Treasurer and volunteer (2019) • AAPG ACE poster/oral presentation judge and Student Expo volunteer (since 2011) • PBS-SEPM Secretary and Intern/New Hire Field Trip co-coordinator (2006) • WTGS Arrangements Committee volunteer (2005-08)
MOST SIGNIFICANT PUBLICATIONS
Aisner-Williams, R.E. and Kerans, C.K. (in review). Facies and sequence stratigraphic architecture of the early Albian Mural Limestone: an outcrop analog for patch-reef reservoirs in the Maverick Basin of South Texas. Sedimentology.
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• Proactive • Intuitive • Strategic • Conscientious • Creative
FIRST CONCERT ATTENDED Def Leppard
FAVORITE FOOD The Halloween candy that nobody likes (I draw the line at circus peanuts, though).
WHY DO YOU WANT TO BE PART OF THE RMAG BOARD? I joined RMAG last year upon moving to Denver to volunteer my time and build my network, and am grateful to have met a number of bright, fun and supportive geoscientists here! Local geological societies have supported me throughout my academic and professional career and it has always been important for me to give back to these communities via volunteering and serving on BoD. As a candidate for 1st VP Elect, I am excited for the opportunity to potentially work with folks in the various geoscience disciplines to help bring quality and diverse publications to the RMAG community. Publications are important for our own continuing education and for showcasing the work of the next generation of geoscientists and leaders! OUTCROP | October 2019
2020 Board of Directors Candidate
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH
Nathan Rogers Candidate for First Vice President-Elect
EDUCATION
5 WORDS THAT DESCRIBE ME
• University of Colorado – Boulder, 2012, MS • Western State College of Colorado, 2007, BA
PROFESIONAL EXPERIENCE
• Crescent Point Energy, 2018-present. • Newfield Exploration 2017. • ConocoPhillips, 2012-2016. • University of Colorado Research Assistant 2008-2012. • Cabot Oil and Gas (Geology Intern), 2010. • Antero Resources, Geo/Environmental Technician 2007-2008. • Schlumberger (Completions Intern) 2006.
INVOLVEMENT WITHIN RMAG AND OTHER PROFESSIONAL ORGANIZATIONS
• RMAG and AAPG member since 2006. • Joined and attend RMS-SEPM and DWLS-SPWLA since moving back to Denver in 2018.
WHY DO YOU WANT TO BE PART OF THE RMAG BOARD? While I am not well published or with years of experience editing, I have been a board member of various volunteer associations before. I believe stepping up to contribute an important responsibility of all members to help carry the torch from time to time. This is a good time for me to contribute in this capacity, and I am honored to be considered for election. I find RMAG to be already be a great resource and organization and don’t see the need to make drastic changes. Three things I think RMAG could work towards are: 1) Continue to organize, digitize, disseminate and provide easy access to RMAG resources digitally. 2) Encourage membership, partnership, and RMAG opportunities in the rest of the Rocky Mountain Region. 3) Encourage contribution and providing resources to the many skilled (and well educated) geologists working in remote locations or onsite in the field.
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• curious • open minded • goofy • spontaneous • creative
FAVORITE FOOD green chiles (New Mexico or Colorado chiles? Depends on the purpose, I love them both!)
MOST SIGNIFICANT PUBLICATIONS • Rogers, N.T., Weimer, P., Cumella, S.P., Gutterman, W. (2018). Rocky Mountain Association of Geologists. In Subsurface Cross Sections of the Southern Rocky Mountain Basins 2018. (17-21). • Sinha, S.C., Nandy, D., Morris, W. R., Rogers, N. 2015. “Using Image Logs to Identify Facies in Heterogeneous Turbidite and Basinal Organic Mudstone Systems From the Wolfcamp Formation, Delaware Basin, West Texas, USA. AAPG Search and Discovery Article #41682 Sept. 21 2015. 20 p. • Cumella, S. P., Graven, E., Weimer, P., & Rogers, N. (2014). “Piceance Basin Niobrara-Mancos: Piceance Basin Niobrara-Mancos Gas Accumulation.” Rocky Mountain Association of Geologists. Oil & Gas Fields of Colorado 2014. (236-257). Vol. 68, No. 10 | www.rmag.org
2020 Board of Directors Candidate
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH
Peter Kubik
Candidate for Second Vice President-Elect
EDUCATION • Bachelor of Science in Geology SMU 2002 (with a minor in Philosophy) • Master of Science in Geology SMU 2004
PROFESIONAL EXPERIENCE
Pete Kubik began his professional career in Houston with Kerr-McGee in September 2004 as a South Texas field development geologist searching for by- passed pay at Texan-Gardens field. After a year of mapping the Frio & Vicksburg formations he spent a year and half as an exploration geologist working upper Cretaceous fans along West Africa’s deep-water Transform Margin. In August of 2006 he joined Anadarko Petroleum through a merger and in April 2007 was relocated to Denver as a Wattenberg operations geologist. During his three years in Wattenberg he supported the field’s transformation from a vertical asset into a worldclass horizontal play. Subsequently in 2010, Pete was transferred to the DJ Basin Exploration team to work APC’s Land Grant and in 2013 he joined the Rockies Exploration team working the Powder River Basin and finally, the Land Grant in southwest WY. In 2017 he resigned from APC to support start-up Mallard Exploration, as VP of Exploration & Geology. Mallard is a privately backed DJ operator focused on optimizing the DJ’s Niobrara and Codell along the up-dip north east extension of the Colorado Mineral Belt. Over his 15 year career Pete has had the privilege to work with many talented industry professionals and owes his proficiency to those experienced individuals who mentored and challenged him.
INVOLVEMENT WITHIN RMAG AND OTHER PROFESSIONAL ORGANIZATIONS
• On the Rocks Field Trip Committee 2018 to present
5 WORDS THAT DESCRIBE ME • Integrity • Focused • Thorough • Patient • and doggone it, people like me!
FIRST CONCERT ATTENDED OR FAVORITE BAND Red Hot Chili Peppers (love Flea on the bass)
FAVORITE FOOD
Blackened Florida grouper topped with Cajun crawfish tails (le bon temps roule)
MOST SIGNIFICANT PUBLICATIONS Society of Petrophysicists and Well Log Analysts: “Low Resistivity Petrophysical Mapping Expands the Terry (Sussex) play in Wattenberg Field, Colorado” 05/2011
WHY DO YOU WANT TO BE PART OF THE RMAG BOARD? I went to Tampa Jesuit High School where our motto was “men for others.” Because of this upbringing, volunteering is an important way for me to give back to the community. RMAG has published many great articles and guidebooks, and these periodicals are foundational to my background as a Rockies geo-scientist. I seek to continue and further the great standards of RMAG. Vol. 68, No. 10 | www.rmag.org
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2020 Board of Directors Candidate
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH
Jenny LaGesse Candidate for Second Vice President-Elect
5 WORDS THAT DESCRIBE ME EDUCATION • BS Geology, University of Kansas • MS Geology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute • MS Petroleum Reservoir Systems, Colorado School of Mines
PROFESIONAL EXPERIENCE
• I spent 10 years with Chevron in Houston, Texas, where I was a Development Geologist, Exploration Geologist, and a Petrophysicist. I worked East Texas, Oklahoma, Nigeria, Kurdistan, Chad, and ended in the Permian Basin. Loved every minute of a big city and a big company, solving big challenges. • For the last 3 years, I’ve been contracting as a Petrophysicist, and am currently consulting at Jagged Peak Energy in the Delaware Basin. I’ve also worked the DJ and Uinta Basin during this exciting career change, and still enjoy taking on big puzzles in this lower humidity climate.
INVOLVEMENT WITHIN RMAG AND OTHER PROFESSIONAL ORGANIZATIONS
• I’ve been an active member of RMAG since 2017. In 2019, I was Co-Chair of the successful RMAG Permian Basin Symposium and Core Workshop. • I am currently VP of Technology of DWLS • Active member of AAPG, SPWLA, SPE, SEPM, COGA, WOGA, DPC
• Authentic • Permian Basin obsessed • Organized • Thoughtful • Fashionable
FIRST CONCERT ATTENDED OR FAVORITE BAND Favorite Band: Always and forever: Bach. New love: Lizzo.
FAVORITE FOOD Cacio e pepe.
MOST SIGNIFICANT PUBLICATIONS • LaGesse, J., and Read, J.F., Updip sequence development on a wave- and current-dominated, mixed carbonate-siliciclastic continental shelf: Paleogene, North Carolina, eastern U.S.A., Sedimentary Geology, vol 184, 2006. • Stand by Your Science, SPWLA Today Newsletter, Jan 2019
WHY DO YOU WANT TO BE PART OF THE RMAG BOARD? I want to serve on the RMAG board because RMAG has been a great resource for me throughout my career. When I was a CSM student, I enjoyed student benefits through RMAG and found a local internship through a member. When I returned to Denver in 2016, RMAG is the first community I joined to rebuild my network, find a mentor, and access high-quality workshops and symposiums. I was proud to join and participate on the Continuing Education Committee in 2017, and to give back through Co-Chairing the 2019 RMAG Permian Basin Symposium. I would be honored to be on the board as 2nd VP-Elect and apply my passion for geoscience and community building in another way. OUTCROP | October 2019
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2020 Board of Directors Candidate
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH
Rebecca Johnson Scrable Candidate for Treasurer-Elect 5 WORDS THAT DESCRIBE ME EDUCATION • Colorado School of Mines, M.S.Geology, May 2013 • University of Oklahoma, B.S. Geology, May 2011
PROFESIONAL EXPERIENCE
• Petrophysicist – BPX, Denver, Eagleford Team, April 2019 – Present • Petrophysicist – QEP Resources, Denver, Permian Team, June 2017 – April 2019 • Petrophysicist – QEP Resources, Denver, Corporate, March 2016 – November 2017 • Associate Petrophysicist – QEP Resources, Denver, High Plains Team, August 2014 – March 2016 • Operations Geologist – QEP Resources, Denver, High Plains Team, June 2013 – December 2014
INVOLVEMENT WITHIN RMAG AND OTHER PROFESSIONAL ORGANIZATIONS • Secretary for DWLS 2017 -2019 • AAPG Member • RMAG Member • SPLA Member
MOST SIGNIFICANT PUBLICATIONS • Johnson, R., Longman, M., Ruskin, B., 2017, Petrographic and Petrophysical Characteristics of the Upper Devonian Three Forks Formation, Southern Nesson Anticline, North Dakota. The Mountain Geologist,Vol 54 No. 3. • Johnson, R. L., 2013, The Pronghorn Member of the Bakken Formation, Williston Basin, USA: Lithology, Stratigraphy, Reservoir Properties Master of Science: Colorado School of Mines, 1-166 p.
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• Adventurous • Driven • Trustworthy • Resourceful • Creative
FIRST CONCERT ATTENDED OR FAVORITE BAND Favorite Band = Lake Street Dive
FAVORITE FOOD
Chunky Chocolate Chip Cookies
WHY DO YOU WANT TO BE PART OF THE RMAG BOARD? Serving on the DWLS Board for the past 2 years was highly rewarding. I made lasting relationships with geoscientists in the Denver area, attended many more lunch talks than I would have otherwise made time for, and learned a great deal not only from lecturers, but from conversations before and after with other Petrophysicists. Having completed my commitment there I would like to continue to serve the geoscience community in Denver as the Treasurer-Elect at RMAG. I know that I will gain more from the experience than I can possibly give. OUTCROP | October 2019
2020 Board of Directors Candidate
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH
Kevin Smith Candidate for Treasurer-Elect
EDUCATION
5 WORDS THAT DESCRIBE ME
• M.S. Geology, University of Tennessee, 2001 • B.S. Geology, University of Alabama, 1999
• Dedicated • Energetic • Organized • Curious • Honest
PROFESIONAL EXPERIENCE
• Senior Geologist Bayswater E&P, 2018-Present • Consulting Geologist Bayswater E&P, 2016-2018 • Senior Geologist Cirque Resources, 2007-2015 • Senior Geologist Oso Energy, 2002-2007
FIRST CONCERT ATTENDED OR FAVORITE BAND
INVOLVEMENT WITHIN RMAG AND OTHER PROFESSIONAL ORGANIZATIONS • Mentor with the RMAG Mentor/Mentee Program • Denver Earth Resources Library Board Member (2020)
MOST SIGNIFICANT PUBLICATIONS
First Concert – AC/DC
FAVORITE FOOD BBQ
• Codell Sandstone DJ Basin, What sets Brennsee/Fairway Field apart from Wattenberg Field: Core • Characteristics in a Tight Oil and Gas Play, Abstract Search and Discovery 2017 • Codell Sandstone – Tight Oil Reservoirs Core Workshop Presentation. AAPG Search and Discovery, 2015 • Codell Sandstone, Northern DJ Basin, Wyoming and Colorado. Reservoir Characteristics in a Tight Oil Play, • AAPG Search and Discovery. 2015
WHY DO YOU WANT TO BE PART OF THE RMAG BOARD? I have been an RMAG member for close to 20 years and have found all aspects of the organization to be rewarding. From attending luncheons, short courses, field trips, annual conferences, or social gatherings RMAG is a great organization that helps connect geologist throughout the region and the United States. Serving as Treasurer would give me the opportunity to help contribute to the future success of RMAG and its members.
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2020 Board of Directors Candidate
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH
Jessica Davey
5 WORDS THAT DESCRIBE ME
Candidate for Secretary
FIRST CONCERT ATTENDED OR FAVORITE BAND
EDUCATION • M.S. Global Energy Management, University of Colorado Denver, 2018 • B.S. Applied Geology, Metropolitan State University of Denver, 2016
PROFESIONAL EXPERIENCE
Jessica Davey is a geologist at Sproule, an international energy consulting firm. She received her undergraduate degree in Applied Geology from MSU Denver and her Masters in Global Energy Management from the University of Colorado. Jessica possesses geological field experience in Ireland, Germany, and the United States, and has provided geologic support on projects in Australia, Europe, Africa, South America, and throughout the oil and gas basins of the United States and Canada. Jessica is passionate about well rounded economic and feasibility studies in oil and gas and minerals development projects and has presented at several conferences including GSA and AIPG on topics including resource evaluation, environmental studies, and business and professional ethics.
INVOLVEMENT WITHIN RMAG AND OTHER PROFESSIONAL ORGANIZATIONS
• RMAG Membership Committee in 2016 and 2017 • AIPG National Executive Committee YP Representative 2020 • AIPG CO-Section Treasurer and YP Representative 2018 and 2019 • Sponsor to MSU Denver AIPG Student Chapter • Board Member, Denver Earth Resources Library
WHY DO YOU WANT TO BE PART OF THE RMAG BOARD? I had a professor tell me once “only belong to organizations where you would like to serve on the Board of Directors.” I have gained so much from my membership with RMAG and would like to begin the process of giving back. Building and maintaining a successful organization is a lot of hard work, and RMAG has found the right mix of educational opportunities and fun to keep the members engaged. It would be my honor to serve on the RMAG Board and support the ongoing communitybuilding efforts.
Vol. 68, No. 10 | www.rmag.org
• Integrity • Fun-loving • Caring • Ethical • Rock-nerd
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Favorite Band: Death Cab for Cutie
FAVORITE FOOD
Anything that can be paired with a great beer!
MOST SIGNIFICANT PUBLICATIONS • A Case Study of Reentry Economics for Mature and Abandoned Fields. Presented at the AIPG Annual Conference in Colorado Springs, Colorado, 2018. Technical Paper to follow with co-authors John Seidle, Ph.D. and Jeffrey Aldrich, Partners at MHA Petroleum Consultants.
• Assessment of Remaining Oil & Gas Potential within the Desert Creek Formation of Papoose Canyon Field, Paradox Basin, Western Colorado. Awarded 2nd Place in the Undergraduate Poster Competition at the 2015 AIPG Annual Conference in Anchorage, Alaska. Further work presented as an Oral Presentation at the 2016 AIPG Annual Conference in Santa Fe, New Mexico.
• Effects of the Boulder County, Colorado 2013 Flood on Geologic Features. Presented at the Geological Society of America Annual Meeting, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. October 2014. Oral Presentation to Boulder County Parks and Open Space, July 2015; additional work presented at the 2015 AIPG National Conference in Anchorage, Alaska. OUTCROP | October 2019
2020 Board of Directors Candidate
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH
Anne Steptoe Candidate for Secretary
EDUCATION • Ohio University: B.A. Geography (Graduated 2003) • West Virginia University: M.S. Geology (Graduated 2012)
PROFESIONAL EXPERIENCE
• PDC Energy: Geotech 2005-2006 (Bridgeport, WV) • Chesapeake Energy: Geotech: 2006-2008 (Charleston, WV) • Range Resources: Geology Summer Internship 2010 (Canonsburg, PA) • Chaparral Energy: 2012-2016 (Oklahoma City, OK) • PetroDE: 2018 to present (Broomfield, CO)
INVOLVEMENT WITHIN RMAG AND OTHER PROFESSIONAL ORGANIZATIONS
5 WORDS THAT DESCRIBE ME • Resourceful • Initiator • Trustworthy • Dependable • Problem Solver
FIRST CONCERT ATTENDED OR FAVORITE BAND Led Zeppelin
FAVORITE FOOD
• Member of RMAG since 2017, currently serve on the Membership Committee. • Member of OCGS in Oklahoma City 2012-2016, served on the continuing education committee and helped plan and organize various events. • Member of AAPG • Previous member of PAPG (Pittsburgh Association of Petroleum Geos)
Anything with Pesto
MOST SIGNIFICANT PUBLICATIONS
M.S. Thesis: Petrofacies and Depositional Systems of the Bakken Formation in the Williston Basin, North Dakota
WHY DO YOU WANT TO BE PART OF THE RMAG BOARD? I am honored to be nominated to serve as Secretary on the RMAG board because it is a position of high responsibility and I believe the work that goes into this position is crucial to the society’s ongoing success. I have been a member of RMAG since I moved to Denver and I have really enjoyed all the courses I have taken, the networking events, the ski day (I hope it comes back) and even the volunteer work on the membership committee. RMAG has helped me build long-lasting and meaningful relationships in the Denver Geoscience community since being a newbie to town and it would be my pleasure to give back in an impactful way. OUTCROP | October 2019
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Vol. 68, No. 10 | www.rmag.org
Experience Experience truly truly integrated integrated 3D interpretation 3D interpretation with truly integrated truly integrated with industry's most industry's most advanced advanced 3D with 3D interpretation interpretation with geoscience geoscience system industry's most industry's system most advanced advanced geoscience system geoscience system GVERSE Geomodeling 2017 GeoGraphix 2017 GVERSE Geomodeling 2017 GeoGraphix 2017
GVERSE GVERSE
R
TM
Anthony Ford Account Executive, LMKR GeoGraphix
R TM
Email: aford@lmkr.com P: +1 (303) 996-2153, C: +1 (720) 210-8889
Anthony Ford Account Executive, LMKR GeoGraphix
www.lmkr.com
Email: aford@lmkr.com P: +1 (303) 996-2153, C: +1 (720) 210-8889
www.lmkr.com
We make it easy for you to see your reservoir
Our team has over 50 years experience interpreting borehole image logs
www.bhigeo.com Vol. 68, No. 10 | www.rmag.org
Pseudo Image
303-557-8464 61
OUTCROP | October 2019
2020 Rocky Mountain Association of Geologists Board of Directors Election Ballot
President-Elect
Cat Campbell
Write-in
Second Vice President-Elect
First Vice President-Elect
Nathan Rogers
Rachel Aisner Williams
Secretary
Jessica Davey
OUTCROP | October 2019
Jenny LaGesse
Peter Kubik
Treasurer-Elect
Rebecca Johnson
Anne Steptoe
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Kevin Smith
Vol. 68, No. 10 | www.rmag.org
RMAG 2020 Board of Directors Ballot Election Dates: October 1, 2019 through November 15, 2019
Please Read Before Voting! We’re going digital! Voting will be online at www.rmag.org •
Paper ballots will be mailed only on request. If you would prefer a paper ballot, please contact the RMAG office--we’re happy to mail you one. You can also download a ballot from the RMAG website under the “About” tab.
•
All ballots must be received by November 15, 2019; any ballots received after this date will not be counted.
•
Only Active and Honorary members are eligible to vote.
Current BOARD OF DIRECTORS Configuration • • • • • • • • • •
Position
President President-Elect First Vice President First Vice President-Elect Second Vice President Second Vice President-Elect Treasurer Treasurer-Elect Counselor Secretary
Term
1 year 1 year as President-Elect, transitioning into President in year 2 1 year as First Vice President 1 year as First Vice President-Elect, transitioning to First VP in year 2 1 year as Second Vice President 1 year as Second Vice President-Elect, transitioning to Second VP in year 1 year as Treasurer 1 year as Treasurer-Elect, transitioning to Treasurer in year 2 2-year term 2-year term
For the 2020 Election, the following RMAG Board of Director positions are open for voting: President-Elect First Vice President-Elect Second Vice President-Elect Secretary Treasurer-Elect As a member in good standing, you are encouraged to vote for the candidates of your choice. Candidates were selected by the RMAG Nominating Committee, in accordance with the RMAG Bylaws.
email: staff@rmag.org | phone: 800.970.7624 Vol. 68, No. 10 | www.rmag.org
1999 Broadway, Suite 730, Denver, CO 80202
63
fax: 323.352.0046
| web: www.rmag.org
OUTCROP | October 2019
follow: @rmagdenver
OUTCROP ADVERTISING RATES 1 Time
2 Times
6 Times
12 Times
Full page (7-1/2” x 9-1/4”)
$330
$620
$1,710
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2/3 page (4-7/8” x 9-1/4”)
$220
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$1,110
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1/2 page (7-1/2” x 4-5/8”)
$175
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1/3 page horizontal (4-7/8” x 4-7/8”)
$165
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$165
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$75
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Professional Card (2-5/8” x 1-1/2”)
$20
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OUTCROP | October 2019
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ADVERTISER INDEX
• Impac Labs ��������������������������������������������������41
• AvoAvaz.com �������������������������������������������������8 • Borehole Image Specialists ������������������������61
• LMKR �����������������������������������������������������������61
• Crestone Peak Resources ����������������������������27
• Mancobrara �������������������������������������������������37
• Daub & Associates, Inc. ������������������������������10
• PTTC ������������������������������������������������������������25
• Denver Earth Resources Library �������������������6
• Schlumberger ����������������������������������������������41
• Discovery Group Inc. (The) �������������������������27
• Sinclair Petroleum Engineering, Inc. ����������24
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• GeoMark Research ����������������������������������������8
• Spancers & Associates ���������������������������������8
• GeoStar Energy Partners �����������������������������10
• Stoner Engineering ��������������������������������������47
• Goolsby Brothers �����������������������������������������47
• Sunburst Consulting ������������������������������������28
• Great Western ���������������������������������������������29
• Tracker Resource Development ��������������������6
CALENDAR – OCTOBER 2019 SUNDAY
MONDAY
TUESDAY
1
WEDNESDAY
THURSDAY
2
FRIDAY
SATURDAY
3
4
5
10
11
12
EnGen Informational Breakfast. RMAG Luncheon.
6
7
8
9
RMAG Sporting Clay Tournament.
13
14
RMAG On the Rocks Field Trip.
15
16
17
18
19
22
23
24
25
26
PTTC Rockies Short Course. DIPS Luncheon. COGA Fall Networking Event.
20
21
RMAG/DWLS 2019 Fall Symposium.
27
28
29
COGA Small Operator Half Day.
30
COGA Member Spotlight Luncheon. DERL Association Happy Hour.
RMS-SEPM Luncheon.
31 RMS-SEPM Core Workshop.