August 2016 Outcrop by The Rocky Mountain Association of Geologists

OUTCROP Newsletter of the Rocky Mountain Association of Geologists

Volume 65 • No. 8 • August 2016

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OUTCROP | August 2016

Vol. 65, No. 8 | www.rmag.org

OUTCROP The Rocky Mountain Association of Geologists

910 16th Street • Suite 1214 • Denver, CO 80202 • 303-573-8621 The Rocky Mountain Association of Geologists (RMAG) is a nonprofit organization whose purposes are to promote interest in geology and allied sciences and their practical application, to foster scientific research and to encourage fellowship and cooperation among its members. The Outcrop is a monthly publication of the RMAG.

2016 OFFICERS AND BOARD OF DIRECTORS PRESIDENT

TREASURER

John Ladd john.ladd@discoverynr.com

Tom Sperr tsperr@bayless-cos.com

PRESIDENT-ELECT

TREASURER-ELECT

Larry Rasmussen larryr@whiting.com 1st VICE PRESIDENT

Karen Dean deankaren@comcast.net SECRETARY

John Roesink jroesink@jaggedpeakenergy.com

Sarah Hawkins shawkins@usgs.gov

2nd VICE PRESIDENT

1st YEAR COUNSELOR

Kelly Foley foleykk@gmail.com

Rob Diedrich rdiedrich@sm-energy.com 2nd YEAR COUNSELOR

Jane Estes-Jackson Jane.estes-jackson@mcelvain.com

RMAG STAFF EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR

Carrie Veatch, MA cveatch@rmag.org MEMBERSHIP & EVENTS MANAGER

Hannah Rogers hrogers@rmag.org ACCOUNTANT

Carol Dalton cdalton@rmag.org PROJECTS SPECIALIST

Marissa Stanger mstanger@rmag.org MANAGING EDITOR

Will Duggins will.duggins@i-og.net

ADVERTISING INFORMATION

ASSOCIATE EDITORS

Rates and sizes can be found on page 22. Advertising rates apply to either black and white or color ads. Submit color ads in RGB color to be compatible with web format. Borders are recommended for advertisements that comprise less than one half page. Digital files must be PC compatible submitted in png, jpg, tif, pdf or eps formats at a minimum of 300 dpi. If you have any questions, please call the RMAG office at 303-573-8621.

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Ad copy, signed contract and payment must be received before advertising insertion. Contact the RMAG office for details. DEADLINES: Ad submissions are the 1st of every month for the following month’s publication.

WEDNESDAY NOON LUNCHEON RESERVATIONS

RMAG Office: 303-573-8621 | Fax: 303-476-2241 | staff@rmag.org or www.rmag.org

Greg Guyer Greg.Guyer@halliburton.com Cheryl Fountain cwhitney@alumni.nmt.edu Ron Parker ron.parker@taskfronterra.com DESIGN/PRODUCTION

Nate Silva nate@nate-silva.com

The Outcrop is a monthly publication of the Rocky Mountain Association of Geologists

Vol. 65, No. 8 | |www.rmag.org 3 www.rmag.org 3

OUTCROP| | August 2016 OUTCROP

OUTCROP | August 2016

Vol. 65, No. 8 | www.rmag.org

OUTCROP Newsletter of the Rocky Mountain Association of Geologists

CONTENTS FEATURES

DEPARTMENTS

26 Lead Story: New Study Shows High Potential For Corrosive Groundwater In 25 States

6 RMAG 2016 June Board Of Directors Meeting

ASSOCIATION NEWS 2 RMAG 2016 Summit Sponsors 14 RMAG Fall ‘Hot Plays’ Symposium 16 Sporting Clay Tournament 18 Geoland Ski Day 2017 20 DIG & RMAG Breakfast Seminar

8 President’s Letter 22 RMAG Luncheon Programs: Deborah King Sacrey 24 RMAG Luncheon Programs: David Katz 31 Welcome New RMAG Members! 32 In The Pipeline 35 Calendar

COVER PHOTO

35 Advertiser Index

A meandering river on a low relief plain is the expression of the water table above the ground surface. Photo: wikipedia.org

30 RMAG & RMAG Foundation: Award For Excellence In Teaching Earth Sciences 2016

Vol. 65, No. 8 | www.rmag.org

OUTCROP | August 2016

PetroFecta® from Fluid Inclusion RMAG 2016 JUNE BOARD OF DIRECTORS MEETING Technologies

By Sarah Hawkins, Secretary shawkins@usgs.gov

is a unique approach combining XRF (PDQ-XRF ®), Trapped Fluid Analysis

1 and 2 man Mudlogging Gas Referencing™ Geosteering

The June meeting of the RMAG Board of Directors took place on Mike JuneBarber 15, 2016 at 4 p.m. Manager Tom Sperr, RMAG treasurer reported Serving the Rocky Mountain Region another good month financially. The June luncheon was 230 Airport Rd. Ph (435)657-0586 well attended, and Chris Eisinger (chris.eisingUnit D Cell (435)640-1382 Heber City, Utah 84032 email:ideas mbarber@summitmudlog.com er@state.co.us) is accepting for speakers www.summitmudlog.com for the 2017 schedule. We have some exciting events coming up this

(FIS ®), and High Resolution Photography (RockEye ®) of the entire wellbore from

summer and The Integration wellfall. cuttings or Dolan core samples of any age. Group is hosting a 6-part Introduction to Geochemistry course starting on August 2. All sixsame of the coursAll analyses are conducted on the es sold out1 quickly, but you can still be added to gram sample (up to 575 samples per well) the waitlist. Please emailcycle staff@rmag.org if you with an analytical of four days. would like to be placed on the waitlist for any of the courses. Also, registration is open for the Data provided on a DVD with RMAG Hot Plays Symposium. The symposium previewer software. will be held this year at the USGS Core Research Center and includes both technical presentations and core presentations of some of the “Hot Plays” of the Rockies. Finally, registration opens August 1 for the ® Information about PetroFecta annual RMAG sporting clay tournament. The and other FIT services, tournament is scheduled for Thursday, Sepcall 918.461.8984 tember 22, and orwill held at the Kiowa Creek visit be www.fittulsa.com Sporting Club. Individual registration for members is $85, and a five-member team is $425 for RMAG members. Please join us!

Summit Mudlogging Services

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PETROLEUM

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 Unconventional Well Modeling Specialist  Shale, CBM, Tight Gas, Primary, Secondary  Reserve Reports, Property Evaluations  Production Forecasting John Sinclair,Ph.D.,P.E. Licensed in CO, UT, MT, & WY

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W.W. Little Geological Consulting, LLC William W. Little, Ph.D. Senior Consulting Geologist

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OUTCROP | August 2016

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• Field Studies • Geological Mapping • Sequence Stratigraphy • Sedimentary Petrology • GIS Services • Training Courses

Vol. 65, No. 8 | www.rmag.org

Steer & Study Horizontals, with Confidence!

SES is for geologists who are dissatisfied with drafting or gridding-tool methods of geosteering horizontal wellbores. SES is 3D technical geosteering software that makes wellbore stratigraphic tracking quick-n-easy, accurate, and easily shared. Unlike any other geosteering software,SES provides a complete suite of software features to handle your horizontal drilling needs. To learn more and get a free trial, please contact us at:

Vol. 65, No. 8 | www.rmag.org

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OUTCROP | August 2016

PRESIDENT’S LETTER By John Ladd

Predictions, Assumptions And Options

I recently attended a talk at the Explorer’s Club given by Ted Pirog of Exxon. He was a principle contributor to Exxon’s most recent Outlook for Energy study, which is their attempt to predict what the supply and demand picture will look like for oil and gas, as well as other sources of energy, twenty five years from now. If you currently are employed by a debt-burdened independent that is barely keeping out of Chapter 11, it may seem a bit strange that Exxon thinks it is appropriate to put together a team of highly paid professionals to make a prediction of what oil demand will look like in 2040. But then, Exxon isn’t exactly having a problem paying their bills. In addition, their size allows them to get involved in large, complex projects that will pay out over a long time frame. Just recently, Rex Tillerson, their CEO, announced that their pilot program in the Vaca Muerta shale play of Argentina was deemed a success and they will now go into a development program where they intend to invest well over $10 billion over the next 20 to 30 years. No wonder they are concerned about oil demand in 2040. What is surprising, however, is not only their willingness to share some of the results on their website (see http://corporate.exxonmobil.com/ en/energy/energy-outlook if you are interested), but also to send team members around the country to talk about the results to interested groups. They

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OUTCROP | August 2016

Vol. 65, No. 8 | www.rmag.org

OUTCROP | August 2016

PRESIDENT’S LETTER

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Stay in the Zone

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also stick their necks out a bit by making deterministic projections of actual energy demand by source, as opposed to giving a range of possible amounts in something like a P10/P90 scenario. These predictions require them to make assumptions about a large number of different factors, such as growth rate of the world economy, population growth and technological advances. At best, they can only make educated guesses about all of these factors, which will either prove to be partly or completely incorrect, so the end result is likely to be, well, less than accurate. Just one example, Exxon predicts that all non-fossil fuels, including nuclear and renewables, will generate about 40% of the world’s electricity in 2040. In contrast, Bloomberg Investors Services came out with their own predictions in June and say that number will be more like 60%. In addition, Bloomberg predicts gas demand will peak in 2027 and then decline, which is a major factor in their reducing their prediction of long term gas prices 30% from last year’s report. Of course, Bloomberg’s predictions are just as likely to be wrong as Exxon’s, and both are likely to be better than anything I could come up with on the fly. I wouldn’t waste your time by having you read them. However, I do think it is worthwhile writing about the report, for two reasons. First, Ted made some interesting comments that illuminate some of the reasoning behind the assumptions that went into their predictions, yet none of these comments are really spelled out in

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OUTCROP | August 2016

Vol. 65, No. 8 | www.rmag.org

PRESIDENT’S LETTER

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the website report. Some I agree with and some I would question, but they all are useful in evaluating the accuracy of their predictions. Second, his talk may have been directed at the wrong crowd. The Explorer’s Club is mainly made up of geology and exploration managers and VP’s, along with senior technical people. Most of us got in the business during the boom of the 1970’s and early 80’s and it’s not clear how important oil and gas demand in 2040 is for us. If we are still around, we will more likely be in a nursing home than going to work at an oil and gas company every day. In contrast, for all the RMAG members who have entered the industry in the 21st century, you will likely be in your 50’s in 2040, the so-called peak earning years, and whether fossil fuels generate 40 or 60% of the world’s electricity will have a huge impact on demand for new gas reserves, and thus demand for, and salaries of geologists and other oil and gas professionals. Is it worth sticking around in the industry through the current downturn, or are the current employment conditions likely to be the norm for most of the next 25 years? For you, the accuracy of these predictions really is important. So what are some of these assumptions? First is one that should be encouraging: energy demand will go up 25% between now and 2040, due partly to increasing world population and partly to a greater percentage of the population that will be part of the middle class instead of living in poverty,

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Vol. 65, No. 8 | www.rmag.org

Well Site Geological Consulting and

Mudlogging Services ~ Since 1980 ~

• Wellsite Geology • Mud Logging • Remote & On-site Geosteering • Mass Spectrometry 11

OUR COMMITMENT • Provide highest quality of geological wellsite services to our clients • Offer real-time interpretative, integrated services such as geosteering • Integrate & coordinate long term resource planning with clients • Interoperate more with geology and drilling operations and exploration teams Info: 303-289-7764 www.columbinelogging.com OUTCROP | August 2016

Workshops to Improve Your Skills Recent Sand Models: The Key to interpreting the Subsurface Wednesday – Friday, August 17-19, 2016, 8:30 am – 5 pm, Colorado School of Mines, Berthoud Hall rm. 306 Fee: $750, includes food at breaks, class notes, and PDH certificate Instructor: Dr. Larry Meckel

The prime focus of this three-day course is the use of the Recent and Late Pleistocene – a classic high stand and low stand combination – to develop the basic clastic depositional models for all the various reservoir types we explore for and develop. The course will summarize the vast amount of information available for each reservoir system and provide a “ground truth” that can be used in the subsurface. We will examine every reservoir type you will explore for, from alluvial fans at the margins of the basin to submarine fans and contourites out in the deep water basin. For each of the 20 reservoir types presented we will:  Review the PROCESSES that control sediment movement and deposition in that environment.  Study the resulting DEPOSITIONAL RECORD from continuous cores through the reservoirs and GEOMETRIES characteristic of each unit.  Document the LOG RESPONSES using actual logs run in the modern sands.  Establish the FACIES and SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHIC CONTEXT for each unit.  Translate these observations to applications in the OUTCROP and SUBSURFACE with emphasis on TRAP TYPES.  Show typical SEISMIC SIGNATURES used to identify and map these units.

Ichnology of Shallow Marine Clastic Depositional Systems

Tuesday-Wednesday, August 30-31, 2016, 8:30 am – 5 pm. USGS Core Research Center, Lakewood, CO Fee: $500, includes lunch, workbook, and PDH certificate. Instructor: Dr. Junaid Sadeque, PhD.

Until a decade ago, most geologists would write-off entire sections of core as “bioturbated” and not take the time to describe ichnofacies or think about the possible relationship between bioturbation and reservoir quality. Trace fossils if and when described would be an “unnecessary bonus” on a standard sedimentological core description. Thanks to the work of George Pemberton, Murray Gingras, James MacEachern, Tom De Keyser and others we now know that bioturbation can both increase and decrease reservoir quality. Therefore, if and when you do find bioturbation in your reservoirs it is your responsibility to understand what effect burrowing has had on quality. This two-day core workshop uses cores from the Frontier and Muddy (J-Sandstone) to exemplify organism substrate relationships and effects on reservoir quality. Morning lectures will introduce participants to common shallow-marine ichnofacies and a step-by-step methodology for their interpretation. Course Outline: 1: METHODOLOGY The ichnofacies vs ichnofabrics approach. Bioturbation Index – quantification and creating a bioturbation index log Substrate classifications – mobile sandy substrates, soupgrounds, softgrounds, firmgrounds and hardgrounds 2: ICHNOFACIES 2.1. Archetypal Psilonichnus, Skolithos, Cruziana and Zoophycos ichnofacies 2.2. Diversions from the norm: stressed environments 2.3. Distinguishing between wave-tide- and river influence in deltas using trace fossils 2.4. Interdistributary bays, lagoons, estuaries, how to differentiate these environments of deposition using trace fossils? 3: CORE WORKSHOP ON THE WALL CREEK FORMATION, POWDER RIVER BASIN 4: BIOGENICALLY ENHANCED PERMEABILITY 4.1. Surface constrained heterogeneities, cryptic, non-constrained, weakly defined and diagenetic heterogeneities 4.2. Dual porosity and permeability systems and effects on fluid flow 5: WORKSHOP ON CORE FROM THE MUDDY (J-SANDSTONE) FROM THE DJ-BASIN Learner Outcomes: Identify common trace fossil types. Measure bioturbation and index and plot these data as a log. Differentiate between common shallow marine clastic depositional environments using trace fossils. Predict the effect of bioturbation on reservoir quality.

Class Descriptions and Register Online: www.pttcrockies.org

OUTCROP | August 2016 For

Carr, 303.273.3107,Vol. 65, No. 8 | www.rmag.org more information, contact 12 Mary mcarr@mines.edu

PRESIDENT’S LETTER

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which will cause per capita energy consumption to go up. Ted made a really important point, that productivity and wealth are intrinsically tied to energy consumption. I have come across a graph in a couple of newspaper articles recently that shows per capita GDP for the last two millennia, and it’s really interesting. Basically there was no change from year one until the 1820’s, at the start of the Industrial Revolution, and then it started to rise rapidly and continued rising to the present. What this implies is that by the time of the Roman Empire man had reached the limit of individual productivity relying solely on muscle power as an energy source. Even major advances in the understanding how the world works, such as Newton’s development of the field of physics, had no effect on productivity. It wasn’t until James Watt used Newton’s theories to develop the steam engine, and then various entrepreneurs used his invention to build efficient factories utilizing coal as a power source, that productivity started to increase. Ted pointed out that the Industrial Revolution really should be called the Energy Revolution. It’s a great suggestion. The idea that per capita energy demand will only go up is, in my mind, one of the safest assumptions Exxon makes. Sure, there will be some improvements in energy efficiency when the economics makes sense, such as in jet travel, where fuel is often the highest cost. There’s nothing like $100/barrel oil to create a great demand on the part of airlines for more efficient

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Vol. 65, No. 8 | www.rmag.org

Developing Our Nation’s Greatest Resource — It’s People 105 S. Fourth St., Artesia, NM 88210 (575) 748-1471

Supporting: Education, Employment Opportunities, Community Development, and Wise Resource Management 13

OUTCROP | August 2016

Vol. 65, No. 8 | www.rmag.org

President’s Letter

Vol. 65, No. 8 | www.rmag.org

And then there are renewables. Exxon predicts that their share will increase, from 4 to 10%, but again this seems incredibly conservative. Ted quite accurately pointed out that the greatest uncertainty in making predictions about changing energy supply is predicting the effect of technological changes. You can assume there will be some, but how significant they will be is incredibly hard to predict. But then he went on to refute the idea that solar cell efficiency will follow Moore’s Law the way computer chips did. Perhaps that is true, but it misses the point. Solar

jet engines. However, replacing Boeing 747’s with Boeing 787’s on long haul flights might affect the price of plane tickets to Europe but it is unlikely to have much of an impact on overall energy demand. In most cases, less energy consumption directly results in less productivity and less wealth. Pressures applied by governments and interest groups to reduce the amount of carbon introduced into the atmosphere may affect the mix of energy sources consumed in 2040, but not the overall consumption of energy. It will continue to rise because more people want to live like we do, not like how Americans lived in 1820. I call this The Other Inconvenient Truth, the one that never made it into Al’s movie. Another assumption in the Exxon projection seems more dubious. Ted noted the long length of time, basically a century, between when natural gas became plentiful in North America and when it started to take over from coal as the main source of electricity generation. He claimed that this showed evidence of a resistance to change energy sources, especially from companies in the business of power generation. Maybe there is some reluctance to change, but I suspect the main reason gas didn’t take over sooner is that coal was cheaper. Now that gas is cheaper it is rapidly taking over from coal and most of the large domestic coal companies are in some kind of financial reorganization

or bankruptcy. Exxon predicts coal-generated electricity will only drop from 40% to 30% of the supply in 2040. With gas-generated electricity being such an easy way for power companies to reduce their carbon emissions, with all the public relations benefits, combined with allowing them to avoid the need to remove sulphur, mercury and other pollutants from exhausts, and huge new supplies of gas being discovered throughout North America, it seems most likely that gas will be by far the dominant fossil fuel used for electrical generation in 25 years.

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OUTCROP | August 2016

9/22/2016

The Rocky Mountain Association of Geologists

port i n g

lay

ourna me nt

At Kiowa Creek Sporting Club

Registration & sponsorship opens August 1, 2016. 5 Person Team Member: $425 5 Person Team Non-member: $500

Individual Member: $85 Individual Non-member: $100

16 t

OUTCROP | August 910 16th Street #1214,2016 Denver, CO, 80202

rting Cl po

phone: 303.573.8621

Does not include ammunition (please bring enough ammo for 100 clays or you may purchase ammo at Kiowa Creek). You may also rent a gun for $20 onsite.

email: staďŹ&#x20AC;@rmag.org

Prizes for individual high score and team 1st, 2nd and 3rd ďŹ&#x201A;ights. Includes one round of 100 sporting clays, lunch, and door prizes.

na me

fax: 303.476.2241

web: www.rmag.org

Vol. 65, No. 8 | www.rmag.org follow: @rmagdenver

PRESIDENT’S LETTER

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cells don’t have to double their efficiency every two years to be able to compete against other forms of energy. They already are competitive in several applications, primarily where there is no existing power distribution infrastructure. Next time you take a road trip, notice how many lighted road signs are equipped with solar cells and batteries to power them and think how rapidly this use has been expanding. Sure this is a trivial part of total energy demand, but there are much more major applications. I’ll use Kenya as an example. Like many third world countries, the electrical grid is restricted to large towns and cities and does not reach inhabitants that live in urban slums or in villages, a large portion of the population. People have traditionally used kerosene lamps for lighting, which produce almost no light and fill their houses with nasty, unhealthy smoke. But Kenya has been blessed with creative businessmen who have dreamed up applications of new technologies developed in the West that will fit their needs. Most people there can’t afford a cell phone, so they utilized the dense network of small stores, making the store owners agents for the phone company. People could get phones at heavily subsidized prices and then put money into their account at the local store to pre-pay for minutes. Then someone figured out the system could also be used to lease solar panels. A villager will put money in their account at their local store, enough to pay for a month’s lease, and in exchange they receive

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Vol. 65, No. 8 | www.rmag.org

Whiting: A Bigger and Better Team Visit us at www.Whiting.com

Fundamentally Better Whiting Petroleum Corporation is an independent exploration and production company. We are a leading crude oil producer in North Dakota and operate substantial assets in northern Colorado. At Whiting we are committed to economically attractive and environmentally responsible operations. Our hydraulic fracturing advancements, state of the art geoscience lab and expertise in exploration have made it possible for us to increase production and reserves while reducing emissions, minimizing surface impacts, and preserving precious water resources.

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OUTCROP | August 2016

RMAG ♦♦ DAPL GeoLand Ski Day 2017 SAVE THE DATE!!

Friday, February 24, 2017 http://dapldenver.org/event/2017-geoland-ski-day/

Thank you to our biggest 2016 sponsors!

For 2016 sponsorship opportunities, contact one of the committee chairs: DAPL| Chairs Meg OUTCROP August♦♦ 2016

Gibson ♦ mmg@giffordstevens.com ♦♦ Patsy Botts ♦ 303-925-0696 18 Vol. 65, No. 8 | www.rmag.org RMAG Chairs ♦♦ Tom Sperr ♦ tsperr@bayless-cos.com ♦♦ Matt Silverman ♦ 303-382-0910

President’s Letter

Vol. 65, No. 8 | www.rmag.org

ultimately wasted effort to improve solar power, like the subsidies to Solyndra. It is a market based incentive and the same efficiency improvements made to these small units can then applied to units in utility-scale solar farms in the US, thus allowing them to compete with other energy sources. So where does that leave the oil geologist in his early 30’s who is scraping by with a job at a company in desperate financial shape or working a few odd consulting jobs? Should you stick with the business in hopes that things will get better or try switching gears? I think the near term, like the next 10

a small, solar panel to mount on their roof. If they don’t pay for the next month’s lease on time, the solar panel has a wireless connection and someone at the phone company sends it a message and it is deactivated. This also solves the problem of theft. If the lessor reports the unit is stolen, the phone company simply deactivates it, making it useless. Everyone knows this will happen, so no one bothers to steal them. Now if this works in Kenya, it can work in the rest of Africa as well as in India and anywhere else where large numbers of people still live without access to electricity. It’s a huge market, something like

two billion people. This has big implications for the economic incentives to improve efficiency. These two billion people are all extremely price-sensitive customers. If you make solar panels cheaper, more of those two billion can afford them. If they generate more electricity for the same cost and the accompanying batteries get greater storage capacity, they can not only replace their kerosene lanterns with light bulbs, but they can cook there food on a hot plate instead of burning dried dung. These are making huge improvements in people’s living conditions and everyone living in those conditions will want them. Most important, this isn’t some politically motivated and

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OUTCROP | August 2016

DIG & RMAG

Breakfast Seminar This course is open to all RMAG members. If you are not a member, this would be another great reason to join. Dolan Integration Group (DIG) oﬀers this introductory content to those geologists (and engineers) who are interested in knowing more about a very important aspect of unconventional evaluation. Whether you are employed, looking, or just want to know more about geochemistry, join us for this 90 minute Breakfast Seminar. Join RMAG, there are six Breakfast Seminars in this series, we would love to have you join us for all six!

$15 per class Discount for attending all 6 classes 7:30am - 9:00am Breakfast is included SOLD OUT. If you would like to be placed on the wait list, please email staﬀ@rmag.org.

August

Introduction to the Geochemistry of Organic Rich Source Rocks Location: Whiting Petroleum

Introduction to the Geochemistry of Oils Location: Whiting Petroleum Introduction to the Geochemistry of Oil-associated Gases Location: Encana

email: staﬀ@rmag.org

phone: 303.573.8621

OUTCROP | August 2016 910 16th Street #1214, Denver, CO, 80202

August

Introduction to the Geochemistry of Environmental Forensics from a Petroleum Systems Perspective Location: Encana

August

The Thermal Maturity of Rocks, Oils and Gases and Integration of Maturity Information into Geologic and Engineering Workﬂows

23 30 Sept.

Location: QEP Resources

Integrating Geochemistry into the Exploration, Development, Production and Environmental Workﬂows of Unconventional Resource Plays

Location: QEP Resources

fax: 303.476.2241 20

web: www.rmag.org

Vol.@rmagdenver 65, No. 8 | www.rmag.org follow:

PRESIDENT’S LETTER

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years, is much more promising than the longer term, such as 25 years from now. Already, the oil market seems to have gotten back more in balance and prices have been bouncing around $50/barrel throughout June. It’s not enough to unleash a bunch of new drilling but it is getting close. And what happens when it does? There are lots of people my age that have either officially retired, or they are unemployed but not really looking too hard for another position. In addition, plenty of us who are still working are considering quitting in the next few years. When drilling does pick up again, not only will industry need to hire back lots of operations geologists and geosteerers, but they also will need to replace the geoscience managers and the senior geologists who are no longer in the work force. By necessity, employers will have to look for the people with 10 – 15 years of experience to fill those positions. Not only will salaries go up due to supply and demand, but higher paying positions will also be opening up. Things could get really good, as they did around year 2000. But it may not last. The forces pushing the development of alternate sources of energy, including political, environmental and economic are so great that they will inevitably result in a lessening of importance of fossil fuels in the energy mix. And that will mean less or a more erratic demand for petroleum geologists. Keep your options open! Vol. 65, No. 8 | www.rmag.org

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OUTCROP | August 2016

RMAG LUNCHEON PROGRAMS Speaker: Deborah King Sacrey — August 3, 2016

See More – Get more! Unsupervised Neural Analysis of Seismic Attributes to find the “Sweet Spots” in your data – with Conventional and Unconventional Case Histories By Deborah King Sacrey

Interpretation of seismic reflection data involves powerful multiple-CPU computers, advanced visualization techniques, and generation of numerous seismic data types and attributes. Even with these technologies at the disposal of interpreters, there are additional techniques to derive even more useful information from our data. Over the last few years there have been efforts to distill numerous seismic attributes into volumes that are easily evaluated for their geologic significance and improved seismic

interpretation. Seismic attributes are any measureable property of seismic data. They can be measured at one instant of time or depth or over a time or depth window. They are measured on a single trace, on a set of traces, or on a surface - all interpreted from the seismic data. Commonly employed categories of seismic attributes include instantaneous, geometric (coherency, curvature), amplitude accentuating (relative acoustic impedance, sweetness, etc.), AVO, spectral

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OUTCROP | August 2016

Vol. 65, No. 8 | www.rmag.org

RMAG LUNCHEON PROGRAMS

ÂťÂťCONTINUED FROM PAGE 22

be an excellent method to take many of these seismic attributes and produce meaningful and easily interpretable results. SOM analysis reveals the natural clustering and patterns in data and has been beneficial in defining stratigraphy, seismic facies, DHI features, and sweet spots for shale plays. With modern visualization capabilities and application of 2D color maps, SOM routinely identifies meaningful geologic patterns. Recent work utilizing SOM and PCA has revealed geologic features that were not previously identified or easily interpreted with the seismic data. The ultimate goal in this multi-attribute analysis is to enable the geoscientist to produce a more accurate interpretation and reduce exploration and development risk.

decomposition, and inversion. Principal component analysis (PCA), a linear quantitative technique, has proven to be an excellent approach to understand which seismic attributes or combination of seismic attributes have interpretive significance. PCA reduces a large set of seismic attributes to indicate variations in the data. The combination of seismic attributes contributing to these variations quite often relate to geologic features of interest. PCA, as a tool employed in an interpretation workflow, can help determine meaningful seismic attributes. In turn, these attributes are input to self-organizing map (SOM) training. SOM, a form of unsupervised neural networks, has proven to Deborah King Sacrey is a geologist/ geophysicist with 40 years of oil and gas exploration experience in the Texas and Louisiana Gulf Coast and Mid-Continent areas of the US. She received her degree in Geology from the University of Oklahoma in 1976 and immediately started working for Gulf Oil in their Oklahoma City offices.

and is now President of the Houston Geological Society. She is also a DPA Certified Petroleum Geologist #4014 and DPA Certified Petroleum Geophysicist

#2. She belongs to AAPG, SEG, PESA (Australia), SIPES, Houston Geological Society and the Oklahoma City Geological Society (OCGS).

She started her own company, Auburn Energy, in 1990 and built her first geophysical workstation using Kingdom software in 1996. She helped SMT/IHS for 18 years in developing and testing the Kingdom Software. She specializes in 2D and 3D interpretation for clients in the US and internationally. For the past four years she has been part of a team to study and bring the power of multiattribute neural analysis of seismic data to the geoscience public, guided by Dr. Tom Smith, founder of SMT. Deborah has been very active in the geological community. She is past national President of SIPES (Society of Independent Professional Earth Scientists), past President of the Division of Professional Affairs of AAPG (American Association of Petroleum Geologists), Past Treasurer of AAPG Vol. 65, No. 8 | www.rmag.org

OUTCROP | August 2016

RMAG LUNCHEON PROGRAMS Speaker: David Katz — September 7, 2016

Mineralogy Derived Brittleness from the Qemscan: Niobrara Case Study David Katz, Marshall Jung, Lyn Canter, Mark Sonnenfeld, Mark Odegard, John Daniels, Alan Byrnes, Mary Guisinger, Kim Jones, John Forster (Whiting Oil and Gas Corporation) goal of this study is to document the link between the sequence stratigraphic hierarchy and its control on the evolution of mineralogy by FEI’s QEMSCAN system, unconfined compressive rock strength, and dipole-sonic-derived brittleness for the Niobrara Formation. The Niobrara ultimately consists of a combination of sharply to diffusely bedded rocks composed of chalks to claystones with variable

The brittleness of sedimentary rocks is a critical aspect of their potential to form hydraulically stimulated fractures, resist embedment after stimulation, and thereby produce hydrocarbons over economically significant periods more efficiently. As such it is important to understand how brittle versus non-brittle rocks are organized within a play to improve the recovery of petroleum reserves by identifying higher-potential stimulation intervals. The

»»CONTINUED ON PAGE 25

David Katz received his B.A. degree in Geology from Hamilton College in Upstate, NY (1999). At the Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO he received an MSc degree in Geology and Geological Engineering where he studied carbonate diagenesis and geochemistry of Modern sediments (2002). He continued studying carbonate sedimentology, geochemistry and diagenesis at the University of Miami’s Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science; here his PhD focused primarily on the Mississippian Madison Limestone in Montana, Wyoming and Idaho (2008). In 2006, David joined Chevron’s Energy Technology Company, Carbonate Technical Services and Research and Development Teams in San Ramon, CA; for the next seven years his work centered on development and reservoir characterization of Precaspian Basin Super Giant carbonate fields, Tengiz and Karachaganak. Other duties included petrophysical modeling of porosity development in carbonate rocks as well as reservoir characterization of carbonate assets located in Kuwait, South Africa, and Argentina. David joined Whiting Petroleum’s Geoservices Group and Rock Lab in 2013, where he has contributed to a variety of Conventional and Unconventional projects including those in the Permian, Williston, Denver, and Michigan Basins.

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OUTCROP | August 2016

Vol. 65, No. 8 | www.rmag.org

RMAG LUNCHEON PROGRAMS

»»CONTINUED FROM PAGE 24

organic matter. It is mainly calcium carbonate rich with changing concentrations of detrital quartz, clay, and organic matter that function as the main variables of the mineral brittleness index. The detrital and organic components are relatively dominant in the transgressive systems tract (TST) in the form of laminated and sharply laminated-gradational millimeter to centimeter to decimeter intervals of organic-rich chalky claystones-to-marly chalks; high resolution scanning electron photomicrographs also document that this fine scale bedding continues at the nanometer to micrometer scale. Discretely interbedded chalks and marly chalks are interbedded with marls at the cm to decimeter scale during the highstand systems tract (HST); by HST time the shorelines have been pushed landward the farthest and detrital terrestrial contribution to the marine environment has been reduced. This environment is ultimately more favorable to chalk deposition and an overall more brittle mineral assemblage. Mineral-derived brittleness logs of the Niobrara ultimately co-vary with dipole-sonic-derived rock mechanics (Young’s Modulus and Poisson’s Ratio), unconfined compressive rock strength measurements from the Equotip-Piccolo, and gamma ray values from downhole tools which in turn may be tuned to identify hydraulic stimulation targets away from cored wells. Vol. 65, No. 8 | www.rmag.org

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OUTCROP | August 2016

LEAD STORY

New Study Shows High Potential for Corrosive Groundwater in 25 States USGS Analyzed More Than 20,000 Wells Nationwide Originally posted on 7/13/2016 to: https://www.usgs.gov/news/ new-study-shows-high-potential-groundwater-be-corrosive-half-us-states-0

whereas this report focuses on untreated groundwater nationwide. Two indicators of potential corrosivity were combined to determine that corrosive groundwater occurs in all 50 states and the District of Columbia. Corrosive groundwater, if untreated, can dissolve lead and other metals from pipes and plumbing fixtures. “The corrosivity of untreated groundwater is only one of several factors that may affect the quality of household drinking water at the tap,” said Stephen Moulton

A new U.S. Geological Survey assessment of more than 20,000 wells nationwide shows that untreated groundwater in 25 states has a high prevalence of being potentially corrosive. The states with the largest percentage of wells with potentially corrosive groundwater are located primarily in the Northeast, the Southeast, and the Northwest. This report is unrelated to the drinking water problems experienced in Flint, Michigan. The problems in Flint were related to treated surface-water from the Flint River,

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Lead Story II, chief, USGS National Water-Quality Program. “Nevertheless, it is an essential factor that should be carefully considered in testing for water quality in both public and private supplies nationwide.” Public water supplies are regulated by the U.S. EPA, but maintenance, testing and treatment of private water supplies are the sole responsibility of the homeowner. About 44 million people in the U.S. get their drinking water from private wells, yet surveys indicate many homeowners are unaware of some basic testing that should be done to help ensure safe drinking water in the home. “Fortunately, in most areas of the country and with appropriate safeguards, the majority of homeowners can get good quality drinking water from private wells,” said Moulton. “But this study is a good reminder that prudent, routine testing of the water, including its interaction with the water supply system, is an essential first step so homeowners and their families can confidently drink water from their faucets.” Naturally corrosive water is not dangerous to consume by itself, however it can cause health-related problems by reacting with pipes and plumbing fixtures in homes. If plumbing materials contain lead or copper, these metals may be leached into the water supply by corrosive water. Signs of

Vol. 65, No. 8 | www.rmag.org

corrosive water causing leaching of metals may include bluish-green stains in sinks, metallic taste to water, and small leaks in plumbing fixtures.

»»CONTINUED FROM PAGE 26

Potential sources of lead in homes include: • lead pipes or fittings used in homes built prior to 1930 • lead solder used in copper fittings in homes built prior to the late 1980s • “lead-free” brass components, which, in all states, except California, may have contained up to 8 percent lead, prior to 2014 • galvanized steel that contained 0.5 to 1.4 percent lead, prior to 2014

“USGS has consistently monitored the water quality of the Nation’s groundwater for over three decades by analyzing representative water samples,” said Moulton. “Recent public health and water quality issues underscore the responsibility for us to report the possibility that regional geologic characteristics of groundwater could potentially affect household water systems resulting in significant implications for public health.” For concerns about potential health effects of household drinking water, the USGS looks to federal and state agencies to provide an indication of the potential scope of the problem. For example, Virginia and Pennsylvania are states where private water sources, such as

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OUTCROP | August 2016

Lead Story

FIGURE 1: This map shows the potential for groundwater corrosivity in groundwater wells in all 50 states. It

is a combination of two indices, shown below.

FIGURE 2: This map shows the Langelier Saturation Index for U.S. groundwater, one of the two indices combined for this study.

It shows the degree of saturation ofÂ calcium carbonate in groundwater. If there is little calcium carbonate in the water, then it could be corrosive (shown in orange). If it is high in calcium carbonate (shown in blue), then it could deposit the excess calcium carbonate as scaling in pipes.Â OUTCROP | August 2016

Vol. 65, No. 8 | www.rmag.org

Lead Story

FIGURE 3: This map shows the second index included in the study. It demonstrates which wells have groundwater that have

potential to cause galvanic corrosion, which happens when two or more metals come into contact with an electrolyte and one of the metals is dissolv

wells, springs, or cisterns, are especially common. Private water systems are used by about 1.7 million people in Virginia and about 3 million people in Pennsylvania. In these states, the Virginia Household Water Quality Program and the Pennsylvania Master Well Owner Network provide practical information to homeowners about maintaining, testing, and protecting private water systems. University researchers at Virginia Tech and Penn State work with these specialized programs to monitor the quality of drinking water supplied by private water systems and to provide testing and advice to identify and remediate water-quality problems caused by contaminated or corrosive groundwater. “Between 2012 and 2014, we found that 19 percent of the 2,144 private water systems sampled in Vol. 65, No. 8 | www.rmag.org

Virginia exceeded the EPA lead action level,” said Dr. Kelsey Pieper, USDA-NIFA Postdoctoral Fellow at Virginia Tech. “We also observed that ‘lead-free’ plumbing components released lead when exposed to more corrosive groundwater supplies.” “In Pennsylvania, corrosive water is usually associated with certain types of bedrock geology but can be found across the entire state,” said Bryan Swistock, a water resources specialist with Penn State Extension. “Lead levels exceeded the EPA action level in 12 percent of the 251 drinking water systems monitored in Pennsylvania in 2007.” The USGS report, “Assessing the Potential Corrosivity of U.S. Groundwater” can be found online. Additional information on groundwater quality monitoring and modeling is available on the USGS National Water-Quality Assessment project website. A new USGS online mapper provides a decadal look at groundwater quality.

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OUTCROP | August 2016

RMAG & RMAG FOUNDATION

Award for Excellence in Teaching Earth Sciences - 2016

The RMAG Foundation honors a teacher that actively promotes excellence in teaching of earth science with its “Teacher of the Year Award.” To this end, the RMAG, K-12 Education and Outreach Committee, solicits and judges applications submitted by teachers from the Front Range area. The award, which is made possible by generous donations and supporters of the RMAG Foundation, consists of a plaque and a $1000 cash award. The 2016 recipient of the RMAG Excellence in Teaching Award is Ms. Julie Mitchell. Julie teaches Geology, Earth Systems Science, and Meteorology at Erie High School. Julie is a graduate of the State University of New York at Plattsburgh where she earned a B.S. degree in Geology, and the UniverMarla Kula (right), RMAG Foundation member presents the sity of Massachusetts Amherst where she earned RMAG 2016 Teacher of the Year Award to Julie Mitchell a Masters in Science Education; she has been a (left), who is an earth science teacher at Erie High School. teacher for 17 years. students engage principles of scientific inquiry into Her colleagues attest that she is an exceptional the study of the dynamic and evolving nature of the teacher and leader. Every day, she brings a passion for various earth systems, all along emphasizing the releEarth Science to Erie High School, and her students, vance of earth science in the community and everyday and fellow teachers are all the better for it. She builds life. Classwork is both independent and collaborative. outstanding relationships with all of her students and Students collect, analyze, and interpret data, which instills them with her passion for Earth Science. leads them to see the world as a whole process. By building a strong partnership with the UniJulie Mitchell is a passionate and exceptional versity of Colorado, NOAA, NCAR, and the Universiteacher. She is an outstanding example of those dedty of Texas, her students have had the opportunity to icated educators who make a significant and positive learn from, and in some instances collaborate with impact on our children. It is to people like Julie that professionals from these institutions. These partnerwe owe our gratitude for developing young minds and ships have enriched the education of the students and planting the seed for an interest and appreciation of brought accolades and distinction to Erie High School. geology and the sciences. She represents the best of Julie has been a strong leader at the District Level, those who teach earth science and is a very deservhaving led teams in reviewing curriculum, adopting ing educator worthy to be presented the RMAG’s 2016 textbooks, and educating other science teachers and Teacher of the Year Award. administrators about the importance of earth science Jerry Cuzella education. She is a strong advocate of earth science Chairman, K-12 Outreach Committee education for all students, and contends that it is imperative, that now more than ever, students be eduCitation presented at the July 6th 2016 RMAG luncheon cated about the planet we live on. Her earth science courses are lab-based, in which meeting

OUTCROP | August 2016

Vol. 65, No. 8 | www.rmag.org

WELCOME NEW RMAG MEMBERS!

is a Geologist in Denver, Colorado.

John Daniels

is a Geologist at Whiting Petroleum in Littleton, Colorado.

Theresa Jehn-Dellaport is the President at Quantum Water & Environment in Lakewood, Colorado.

Benjamin Kessel

lives in Denver, Colorado.

Dave Koval

is a new RMAG member.

Walter Nelson

lives in Nashvill, Tennessee.

Patrick Patton is a Geologist in Boulder, Colorado.

Gregory Bratton

Nicholas Rosenau is a Staff Geoscientist at

Dolan Integration Group in Boulder, Colorado.

Kelli Schandel

is a Senior Geoscience

Technologist at Encana in Denver, Colorado.

Nicole Tobey

is an Engineer I at Campos

EPC in Castle Pines, Colorado.

Brian Towell

is a Geological Specialist at Lario Oil & Gas in Denver, Colorado.

Karen Wagner

is an Operations Geologist

Team Lead at Vantage Energy in Larkspur, Colorado.

VOLUNTER!

As a diverse community of individuals working towards a worthy cause, we believe that your unique talents can bring us all forward. Volunteers are always needed and welcome! If you would like to volunteer for any of our committees or events, please contact the RMAG office at (303) 573-8621 or staff@rmag.org

Vol. 65, No. 8 | www.rmag.org

OUTCROP | August 2016

IN THE PIPELINE AUGUST 5, 2016

AUGUST 2, 2016 Breakfast Seminar. “Introduction to the Geochemistry of Organic Rich Source Rocks.” Speaker Nicholas Rosenau. Breakfast from 7:30-9:00AM at Whiting Petroleum.

RMAG on the Rocks Field Trip. Tour of USGS Ice Core Facility. AUGUST 9, 2016 Breakfast Seminar.

AUGUST 3, 2016

“Introduction to the Geochemistry of Oils.” Speaker Michael Dolan. Breakfast from 7:30-

RMAG Luncheon. Speaker Deb Sacrey. “Using Seismic Attributes for E&P.” Maggiano’s Little Italy, Downtown Denver.

9:00AM at Whiting Petroleum.

»»CONTINUED ON PAGE 34

Daub & Associates, Inc. SPECIALIZING IN PROFESSIONAL GEOLOGICAL, ENVIRONMENTAL, HYDROLOGICAL, GEOTECHNICAL AND PERMITTING SERVICES

Gerald J. Daub, P.G., C.P.G.      

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gjdaub@daubandassociates.com www.daubandassociates.com

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OUTCROP | August 2016

geokinetics.com marty.hall@geokinetics.com

Vol. 65, No. 8 | www.rmag.org

R o c k b u s t e r s

B a l l

Nig ht of the

Nove m be r 12, 20 16 T h e Wa r w i c k H o t e l

email: staï¬&#x20AC;@rmag.org

phone: 303.573.8621

910 16th Street Denver, CO, 80202 Vol. 65, No. 8#1214, | www.rmag.org

Rockbusters Ball

fax: 303.476.2241

web: www.rmag.org

follow: @rmagdenver OUTCROP | August 2016

IN THE PIPELINE

»»CONTINUED FROM PAGE 32

AUGUST 24, 2016

AUGUST 16, 2016

RMAG Career Panel Speakers: Jeff Aldrich, Elmo Brown, Jim Emme, John Robinson

Breakfast Seminar. “Introduction to the Geochemistry of OilsAssociated Gases.” Speaker Nicholas Rosenau. Breakfast from 7:30-9:00AM at Encana.

AUGUST 30, 2016 Breakfast Seminar. “The Thermal Maturity of Rocks, Oils and Gases and Integration of Maturity Information into Geologic and Engineering Workflows.” Speaker Michael Dolan. Breakfast from 7:30-9:00AM at QEP Resources.

AUGUST 17-19, 2016 PTTC Rockies Short Course. Instructor Dr. Larry Meckel. “Recent Sand Models: The Key to Interpreting the Subsurface.” CSM, Golden, CO. AUGUST 23, 2016

AUGUST 30-31, 2016

Breakfast Seminar. “Introduction to the Geochemistry of Environmental Forensics from a Petroleum Systems Perspective.” Speaker Josiah Strauss. Breakfast from 7:30-9:00AM at Encana.

PTTC Rockies Short Course. Instructor Junaid Sadeque. “Ichnology of Shallow Marine Clastic Depositional Systems.” USGS Core Research Center, Lakewood, CO.

RMAG FOUNDATION

2013-14 +

SCHOLARSHIPS CONTRIBUTIONS

McKenna Fund

Babcock Fund

Stone/Holberg Fund

CSU Fund Bolyard Fund

Veterans Fund

Colorado School of Mines

Colorado College

SCHOLARSHIPS CU Boulder

Rocky Mtn region Universities awarded to veterans attending Rocky Mtn Region Universities

University of WY Fund

AAPG - Imperial Barrel

Morrison Natural History

AAPG Student Leadership

PTTC Futures in Energy

Friend of Dinosaur Ridge

Denver Public Schools

Rocky Mtn Section Rocky Mtn Section

Inner City School attendance Rocky Mtn Section

Golden Pick Award RMAG

Guidebook contribution AAPG Sectional meeting Rockbuster Ball awards

Studying Rocky Mtn Structural Geology Golden

Foster

Studying Rocky Mtn Geology

RMAG Student Summit sponsor CO Science Teacher of the Year CO State Science Fair winners

CONTRIBUTIONS

mineral sets

Contibutions can be made at https://www.rmag.org/i4a/ams/publicLogin.cfm for RMAG members RMAG Foundation | 910 16th Street Mall, Suite 1214 | Denver, CO 80202

OUTCROP | August 2016

Vol. 65, No. 8 | www.rmag.org

CALENDAR | AUGUST 2016 SUNDAY

MONDAY

TUESDAY

WEDNESDAY

THURSDAY

FRIDAY

SATURDAY

Breakfast Seminar. Speaker Nicholas Rosenau

RMAG Luncheon. Speaker Deb Sacrey.

RMAG on the Rocks Field Trip. Tour of USGS Ice Core Facility.

Breakfast Seminar. Speaker Michael Dolan.

16 Breakfast Seminar. Speaker Nicholas Rosenau.

PTTC Rockies Short Course.

Breakfast Seminar. Speaker Josiah Strauss.

RMAG Career Panel

Breakfast Seminar. Speaker Michael Dolan. PTTC Rockies Short Course.

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