June 2015 Outcrop by The Rocky Mountain Association of Geologists

OUTCROP Newsletter of the Rocky Mountain Association of Geologists

Volume 64 • No. 6 • June 2015

The Rocky Mountain Association of Geologists

2015 Summit Sponsors E x clus ive Lu nc he o n Sp o nso r

G o ld Sp o nso rs

Student Sponsor

Silver Sponsors GEOMARK

Bronze Sponsors

OUTCROP | June 2015

Vol. 64, No. 6 | www.rmag.org

OUTCROP The Rocky Mountain Association of Geologists

910 16th Street • Suite 1214 • Denver, CO 80202 • 303-573-8621 The Rocky Mountain Association of Geologists (RMAG) is a nonprofit organization whose purposes are to promote interest in geology and allied sciences and their practical application, to foster scientific research and to encourage fellowship and cooperation among its members. The Outcrop is a monthly publication of the RMAG.

2015 OFFICERS AND BOARD OF DIRECTORS

RMAG STAFF

PRESIDENT

SECRETARY

EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR

Marv Brittenham president@rmag.org

Stephanie B. Gaswirth sgaswirth@usgs.gov

Carrie Veatch, MA cveatch@rmag.org

PRESIDENT-ELECT

1st YEAR COUNSELOR

John Ladd john.ladd@discoverynr.com

Jane Estes-Jackson Jane.Estes-Jackson@mcelvain.com

MEMBERSHIP & EVENTS MANAGER

TREASURER-ELECT

TREASURER

Tom Sperr tsperr@bayless-cos.com

Paul Lillis plillis@usgs.gov

2nd VICE PRESIDENT

2nd YEAR COUNSELOR

Chris Eisinger chris.eisinger@state.co.us

Terri Olson tmolson8550@gmail.com

1st VICE PRESIDENT

Mel Klinger melklinger@eurekageologicalconsulting.com

Hannah Rogers hrogers@rmag.org PROJECTS SPECIALIST

Emily Tompkins Lewis etompkins@rmag.org ACCOUNTANT

Carol Dalton cdalton@rmag.org MANAGING EDITOR

Will Duggins will.duggins@i-og.net

ADVERTISING INFORMATION

ASSOCIATE EDITORS

Rates and sizes can be found on page 50. Advertising rates apply to either black and white or color ads. Submit color ads in RGB color to be compatible with web format. Borders are recommended for advertisements that comprise less than one half page. Digital files must be PC compatible submitted in png, jpg, tif, pdf or eps formats at a minimum of 300 dpi. If you have any questions, please call the RMAG office at 303-573-8621.

Holly Sell holly.sell@yahoo.com Greg Guyer Greg.Guyer@halliburton.com

Ad copy, signed contract and payment must be received before advertising insertion. Contact the RMAG office for details.

Cheryl Fountain cwhitney@alumni.nmt.edu

DEADLINES: Ad submissions are the 1st of every month for the following month’s publication.

Andre Scheinwald aschein33001@gmail.com

WEDNESDAY NOON LUNCHEON RESERVATIONS

RMAG Office: 303-573-8621 | Fax: 303-476-2241 | staff@rmag.org or www.rmag.org

DESIGN/PRODUCTION

Nate Silva nate@nate-silva.com

The Outcrop is a monthly publication of the Rocky Mountain Association of Geologists

Vol. 64, No. 6 | www.rmag.org

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Outcrop | June 2015 OUTCROP

Come Join PTTC at the URTEC Convention urtec.org/2015 - Field trip only registration available!

Pre-Conference Field Trip

Eagle Ford – An Unconventional Mudstone Reservoir

Saturday and Sunday, July 18-19, 2015 Lozier Canyon, Terrell County, Texas. Fee: $550, Ground transportation, one night lodging, field guide, lunch and refreshments Instructor: Dr. Art Donovan, BP Global Exploration

Post-Conference Field Trip

Hidden Valley Fault Zone Canyon Lake Gorge

Thursday July 23, 2015, 7:30 am – 6:00 pm Fee: $300, Includes, Ground transportation, guidebook, and lunch Instructor: Dr. David Ferrill and Ronald N. McGinnis, Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas

Paleozoic Stratigraphy and Reservoirs, Permian Basin–West Texas and New Mexico

Thursday – Sunday July 23-26, 2015 Fee: $1600, Includes, Ground transportation, four nights lodging, field guide, lunches and refreshments Instructor: Dr. Rick Sarg, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado

Appalachian Basin Gas Shale

Thursday – Friday July 23-24, 2015 Fee: $1600, Includes, Ground transportation, three nights lodging, field guide, lunches and refreshments Instructor: Dr. Terry Engelder, Pennsylvania State University

One-Day Workshops to Improve Your Skills

Beyond Resistivity

Wednesday, August 19, 2015, 8:30 am – 5 pm, Colorado School of Mines, Ben Parker Student Center, Berthoud Hall 243 Fee: $250, includes food at breaks, class notes, and PDH certificate Instructor: Dr. Dan Krygowski, Discovery Group

The course assumes a basic understanding of common openhole logging measurements and their interpretation, and uses that working knowledge to consider the determination of formation fluid content through the equations which describe water saturation and water content (Archie’s equation and bulk volume water). The course illustrates how graphical methods that we once used to quickly determine fluid saturation and moveability (Pickett, Hingle, and Buckles plots) can now be used to determine calculation parameters for the equations, leaving the arithmetic to the hardware while the user concentrates on the interpretation of the data. Exercises provide the means to put the information shared here into practice.

Decline Curve Analysis and Economics – A Basic Introduction

Wednesday, September 23, 2015, 8:30 am – 5:00 pm Colorado School of Mines, Ben Parker Student Center, Ballroom C Fee: $250, includes food at breaks, workbook, and PDH certificate. Instructor: Dr. L. Peter Galusky, Jr. P.E. Principal Environmental Eng. Texerra LLC.

This one-day course will provide an overview and primer on the use of decline curve forecasting of oil and gas production and economics. The course may be useful to engineering and economic professionals needing a hands-on, practical understanding of decline curve analysis to make them more effective users of petroleum economics software. Following a review of basic mathematics (tailored to class needs), Microsoft Excel will be used to “build” decline curve models and to do mathematical and economic computations. Expected course outcomes include an understanding of the mathematical concepts of decline curve analysis and the use of these methods in forecasting oil and gas production and economics. This is a beginning-level course for entry-level professionals and those new to decline curve analysis. Students are encouraged (but not required) to bring laptop computers to class.

Class Descriptions and Register Online: www.pttcrockies.org For more information, contact Mary Carr, 303.273.3107, mcarr@mines.edu

OUTCROP | June 2015

Vol. 64, No. 6 | www.rmag.org

OUTCROP Newsletter of the Rocky Mountain Association of Geologists

CONTENTS FEATURES

ASSOCIATION NEWS

32 Announcement

2 RMAG 2015 Summit Sponsors

34 Lead Story: M 7.8 Earthquake Hits Nepal

31 RMAG Symposium: Hot Plays

46 RMAG On the Rocks Field Trips

33 Rockbusters Ball 2015

DEPARTMENTS

41 Summer Industry Happy Hour

6 RMAG April Board of Directors Meeting 10 President’s Letter

39 Sporting Clay Tournament

42 RMAG Scholarship Awards Luncheon

18 Mineral of the Month

43 Thank You to Night at the Zoo Sponsors

22 RMAG Luncheon Programs: Speaker – Wesley Ingram

45 Geoland Ski Day

26 RMAG Luncheon Programs: Speaker – R.S. Bell

Unknown location and photographer. Please contact Will Duggins if you took this photo so you can be credited.

48 RMAG 2015 Publications Sale

28 Welcome New Members!

51 RMAG Annual Golf Tournament

29 In the Pipeline

52 RMAG Foundation

COVER PHOTO

50 Calendar 52 Advertiser Index

Vol. 64, No. 6 | www.rmag.org

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RMAG APRIL 2015 BOARD OF DIRECTORS MEETING By Stephanie Gaswirth, Secretary sgaswirth@usgs.gov

At the April meeting, the board voted to approve the RMAG Strategic Plan. This important document clarifies RMAG’s mission, vision, core values and goals. It will be posted on the RMAG website for all members to view. Registration for the 2015 AAPG ACE meeting is

The April meeting of the RMAG Board of Directors was held on April 15, 2015 at 4 p.m. Treasurer Paul Lillis reported another good month financially for RMAG. Luncheons continue to sell out, so reserve your spot early! The speaker schedule is full for 2015; Chris Eisinger (chris.eisinger@state.co.us) is already filling slots for 2016 if you have suggestions.

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OUTCROP | June 2015

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Vol. 64, No. 6 | www.rmag.org

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Vol. 64, No. 6 | www.rmag.org

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OUTCROP | June 2015

RMAG April 2015 Board of Directors Meeting

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Making Unconventional, Conventional

the On the Rocks Committee has some fantastic upcoming field trips; see the RMAG website for details and sign-up. Be sure to check out the “new” RMAG website! Hannah Rogers has done a great job redesigning the look of the RMAG site. Also, congratulations to Carrie Veatch for her one-year anniversary as executive director of RMAG! Thank you to Carrie, Hannah, and the rest of the office staff for doing such a wonderful job managing our organization!

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well underway. RMAG-sponsored short courses, core workshops and field trips are filling up fast, as is the Night at the Zoo event on Tuesday, June 2. If you haven’t already, go online to register for what is sure to be a terrific professional meeting. By the time this goes to print, registration for the golf tournament at Arrowhead Golf Course will be open (and possibly full...). If you haven’t signed up, get your team together and register for what will be a fun day in the sun! Also, speaking of outdoor fun,

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www.rmag.org Vol. 64, No. 6 | www.rmag.org

Vol. 64, No. 6 | www.rmag.org

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PRESIDENT’S LETTER By Marv Brittenham

RMAG – What’s the Plan? SUCCESS” for geoscientists. Many of those suggestions also apply at the organizational level. As it turns out, we were right to be concerned for the long term future of RMAG a year ago when we engaged RMAG in a long range planning exercise. As a result the RMAG Strategic Plan for the Period 2015 -2019 was approved last month by the

THE 800 POUND GORILLA - UPDATED

A SECURE FUTURE FOR RMAG In last month’s column the subject was “TEN STEPS FOR CAREER SURVIVAL AND

Board. This month I’ll provide a summary of the key parts of the plan. The full plan will also be posted to the website. A special “thanks” to Executive Director Carrie Veatch and her staff, the Long range Planning Committee, the 2014 and 2015 Board of Directors and other volunteers who contributed much time and effort to completion of the plan.

Are we looking at the floor for U.S. crude oil prices? Will this be a repeat of 2008-2010? Stay tuned!

PLAN SUMMARY

In April 2014 the RMAG Board approved the proposal that RMAG develop a long term strategic plan. RMAG President, Marv Brittenham, and Executive Director, Carrie Veatch, have sponsored and advanced the planning process over a two year period with the support of the 2014 & 2015 Board of Directors and the Long Range Planning Committee. The plan clarifies RMAG’s mission, vision, core values and goals, as well as sets priorities for resource allocation. The plan also provides a clear focused course of shared governance direction to the RMAG volunteer leadership and

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President’s Letter

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RMAG Staff. The plan is intended to be a living document, reviewed annually but subject to addition and change as necessary. Goals and strategies have been outlined, but priorities and action plans will be determined and documented by the organization’s volunteers and staff in the months following approval.

THE PLANNING PROCESS

Mission Vision

Values

HIGH PRIORITY GOALS

Strategic Issues

Fifteen goals were recognized for action during the planning period with early priority given to six for immediate action: • Monitor the current energy industry downturn and determine actions to assist members • Build an adequate reserve for an industry recession or unforeseen financial difficulties • Provide means for input from supporting companies – Corporate Advisory Board • Complete policies & procedures for staff evaluation, development and retention

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• Improve delivery of materials, particularly the Outcrop, publications and website design • Improve public outreach

Goals

Strategies

ORGANIZATIONAL DESCRIPTION The Rocky Mountain Association of Geologists (RMAG) is one of the oldest and largest associations of geologists in the United States with over 2,100 members. RMAG is composed of earth scientists

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President’s Letter

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A PROUD MEMBER OF YOUR COMMUNITY.

from industry, government, and academia encompassing a wide spectrum of backgrounds. All share a common interest in the geology of our Rocky Mountain area. Founded in 1922, RMAG is one of the most active and second largest AAPG affiliate in the country. The RMAG supports professional exchange and education through sponsorship of events, publications, training, and seminars. RMAG publishes a monthly newsletter, The Outcrop, a quarterly scientific journal, The Mountain Geologist, guidebooks and other books on a variety of subjects.

MISSION

The mission of RMAG is articulated in its bylaws:

• To promote interest in geology and allied sciences and their practical applications, • To foster scientific research, • To encourage fellowship and cooperation among its members, • To disseminate geologic information

DIVERSE CONSTITUENCY

Although RMAG is a membership-based organization, it is recognized that it has a diverse constituency with three major categories: • Members • Employers / supporters • General Public – 501 (c)(3)

Members are primarily geoscientists from industries, academia, state and federal governments, and students. The RMAG events, publications, and other contributions are financially supported and used by industries / academia / government / employers. RMAG also is

encana.com/communities/usa/djbasin

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President’s Letter

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a public source of geologic information and has an obligation to the general public by virtue of its corporate structure and non-profit status.

VISION

RMAG is the oldest and largest geological society in the Rocky Mountain region. As the organization approaches its centennial anniversary in 2022, the vision of its leadership is to be: The place for Rockies Geoscience.

VALUES As an organization we consistently demonstrate dedication to five core values: • Ethics, integrity, professionalism • Fellowship, sense of community • Geoscience excellence • Volunteerism • Education

During the planning process the leadership groups recognized three primary categories of strategic issues, or opportunities for improvement. Its strategies and goals for the five-year term were derived from those issues.

STRATEGIC ISSUES

• Relevance to constituents A. Member engagement B. Public awareness C. Industry/Employer involvement & support D. Career development

• Sustainability A. Financial health B. Member retention / growth C. Staff retention & development

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President’s Letter

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D. Continuity of leadership E. Internal controls & audit reviews

• Flexibility in changing environments A. Membership demographics / diversity B. Cooperative relationships / industry input & support C. Relevance of programs D. Industry economic trends E. Methods of communication & delivery of publications

TIMELINE & SCOPE

The RMAG Long Range Planning Committee, comprised mainly of current and past presidents and the Executive Director, will have ownership of the 3-5 year plan. The 2014 Board had oversight of drafting the plan and its process. An objective facilitator was utilized for a session with the staff and 2014 Board. A draft discussion document was produced during 2014 and the final Strategic Plan during 2015. This allowed for the participating officers to be from two board cycles during the Strategic Plan process. It also provided for more input and buy-in from officers, staff and other volunteers, and resulted in having additional information beneficial to the completion of the plan. Crude oil prices have dropped by fifty percent during the planning process, resulting in budget and staff cuts in the energy industry. A majority of RMAG’s members are employed directly or indirectly in that industry. Therefore, a priority focus of this plan is the welfare of the membership and the financial sustainability of the organization.

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President’s Letter

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RMAG Income Models

LONG TERM FINANCIAL PLAN

$1,000s Financial models were constructed for the planning period. A top $400 down analysis was done due to the $300 complexities of the accounting systems, the historical inconsistencies $200 in accounts and accounting methods, the complexities and uncertainties High Case $100 of internal and external drivers, and Base Case the periodic large cash sources from $-‐ AAPG events. The models are meant Low Case 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 to tie to the organization’s account $(100) ing so that results are comparable and measurable. $(200) The Base Case follows RMAG’s budgeting philosophy and may be $(300) considered to be the budget for the plan period. The 2015 fiscal budget was used as a basis. The staff constructs the budget in detail bottom-up RMAG ASSET MODELS (program by program). It is general$1,000s ly conservative so that there is good $2,500 probability of meeting budget year to year. $2,000 The two charts on the right summarize the results of the modeling. Financial modeling demon $1,500 High Case strates that RMAG has fundamental Base Case strength. This is largely due to the ex $1,000 Low Case cellent performance of FY 2014 and the front-loaded income from the two $500 large AAPG events hosted by RMAG in 2014 and 2015. The Low Case gen $-‐ erally replicates the performance of 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 the 2009 -2013 historical period. The potential driver of that case, a recent The Base and High cases both indicate a robust dramatic price fall, as seen in the Crude Price Chart future. The Base Case is RMAG’s budget for the peri(the 800 Pound Gorilla) is in play. The current price od. If either case occurs RMAG will have additional erosion is similar so far to the prior downturn in program funding options for its next strategic plan. 2009. Since this down cycle is more fundamental to One strategic issue before RMAG is the necessary our primary industry employers, this case, or worse, size of its reserve fund. It appears in either of these is a possible outcome. A critical action for the near two cases that sufficient reserves will be in place earfuture is to monitor this downturn and adjust the forward plan / budget to reflect the consequence of ly to midway through the plan. CONTINUED ON PAGE 16 events as they unfold.

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Vol. 64, No. 6 | www.rmag.org

OUTCROP | June 2015

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OUTCROP | June 2015

A healthy reserve fund should exceed $750,000 (2015 $) or three years minimal general & administrative budget. A testament to the resilience of RMAG during the five years prior to 2014 is the realization of an annual average positive net income in spite of the multiple external (oil price) and internal (staff turnover) threats! On the other hand FY 2014 was a highly successful year without any extraordinary circumstances. So, given the 2014 performance, RMAG’s current business model appears to be quite robust. There is more detail in the plan document which will be posted on the website. I invite your comments at president@rmag.org RMAG is The Best Place for Rockies Geoscience.

As a diverse community of individuals working towards a worthy cause, we believe that your unique talents can bring us all forward. Volunteers are always needed and welcome!

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VOLUNTER!

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President’s Letter

Carrollton, Texas 972.416.1626 16

UPCOMING EVENTS THAT NEED VOLUNTEERS: • Golf Tournament • Continuing Education • Membership Committee • Long Range Planning • Publications Committee If you would like to volunteer for any of these committees or events, please contact the RMAG office at (303) 573-8621 or staff@rmag.org

Vol. 64, No. 6 | www.rmag.org

OUTCROP | June 2015

MINERAL OF THE MONTH: JUNE June Mineral of the Month: By Cheryl Fountain

PYRITE LUSTER: Metallic, splendent, opaque (Voyn-

MINERAL NAME: Pyrite, Iron Sulfide, Fool’s Gold.

Pyrite is the most common sulfide (Dana, 1959).

ick, 1994).

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION: FeS2.

Ni, Co, Au, and Ag may exist in small quantities (Voynick, 1994).

CRYSTAL SYSTEM: Isometric, diploid (Dana, 1959). CRYSTAL HABIT: Pyrite most commonly forms

COLOR: Brass yellow, but can be darker due to tar-

cubes with perpendicular striations on the faces. Pyrite also forms in pyritohedron, octahedron, and a combination between these two

nishing (Voynick, 1994).

STREAK: Greenish black-brownish black (Voyn-

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ick, 1994).

This specimen was found at the Huanzala mine in Peru. It displays a cubo-octahedral crystallography and can be found on display at the Colorado School of Mines Geology Museum in Golden, CO. (Photo by Ron Wolf, courtesy of Colorado School of Mines Geology Museum). OUTCROP | June 2015

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Mineral of the Month: June COLORADO COUNTY LOCATIONS: Boulder, Chaf-

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crystallographies. Less commonly, pyrite can be massive, granular, reniform, globular or stalactitic.2

fee, Clear Creek, Custer, Eagle, Gipin, Gunnison, Hinsdale, Jackson, Lake, La Plata, Mineral, Moffat, Otero, Oura, Pueblo, Rio Grande, San Juan, San Miguel, Summit (Voynick, 1994).

SPECIFIC GRAVITY: 4.9-5.2 (Voynick, 1997).

NEW MEXICO COUNTY LOCATIONS: Catron, Col-

HARDNESS: 6-6.5 (Voynick, 1994).

fax, Dona Ana, Grant, Guadalupe, Hidalgo, Lincoln, Luna, Sandoval, San Miguel, Santa Fe, Sierra, Socorro, Taos (Voynick, 1997).

FORMATION: Pyrite can develop in many differ-

ent environments. Pyrite can form as an accessory mineral during magmatic segregation in igneous rocks, contact metamorphism, hydrothermal deposits in veins, and can be both a primary and secondary mineral in sedimentary rocks. Although pyrite is generated at both low and high temperatures, the largest deposits are found at high temperatures (Dana, 1959).

ARIZONA COUNTY LOCATIONS: Apache, Coch-

ise, Coconino, Gila, Graham, Greenlee, La Paz, Mohave, Pima, Pinal, Santa Cruz, Yavapai (Anthony, et al., 1995).

USES: Pyrite is mined for the gold associated with it,

for the sulfuric acid which is used in mineral fertilizers (Dana, 1959), and for the dyeing of glass (Voynick, 1994), preservation of wood, and as a disinfectant (1959).

OTHER PHYSICAL PROPERTIES: Brittle, will frac-

ture unevenly, and can be faintly iridescent (Voynick, 1997). How can you tell if you have Pyrite, gold or chalcopyrite in your hand? Pyrite is brittle, gold is not. Chalcopyrite can be scratched with steel whereas pyrite cannot (Dana, 1959).

Next Month…Wavellite

REFERENCES Anthony, J., Williams, S., Bideaux, R., & Grant, R. (1995). Mineralogy of Arizona (3rd ed., p. 507). Tucson, AZ: The University of Arizona Press. Dana, J., & Hulbut, C. (1959). Dana’s manual of mineralogy (17th ed.). New York: Wiley. Voynick, S. (1994). Colorado rockhounding: A guide to minerals, gemstones, and fossils. Missoula, Mont.: Mountain Press Pub. Voynick, S. (1997). New Mexico rockhounding: A guide to minerals, gemstones, and fossils. Missoula, Mont.: Mountain Press Pub.

FUN FACT: Pyrite comes from the Greek word fire. It

received this name because of the sparks created when struck with steel (Dana, 1959).

Pyrite is quick to oxidize when exposed to air, and when it does it produces sulfuric acid and free iron ions, eventually the iron is precipitated out as iron hydroxide. This is what gives most mine tailings the yellow-brown to yellow orange color. For many rockhounders, tailings are a good place to start. Do not get discouraged by the mud-like appearance, dig down until you reach minerals that have not been oxidized. If you find a specimen that is oxidized, often the surface can be removed to reveal the non-oxidized pyrite underneath (Voynick, 1994). LOCATIONS: Pyrite is common and found in many

locations. Most notable are Rio Tinto in Spain, Protugal, several counties in Virginia, New York, Massachusetts, California, Colorado, Arizona (Dana, 1959) and New Mexico (Voynick, 1997).

For those in search of specimens, listed below are counties in the mineral belt which are known to contain pyrite. OUTCROP | June 2015

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RMAG LUNCHEON PROGRAMS Speaker: Wesley Ingram — June 10, 2015

Multimineral modeling using new core scanning technology By Wesley Ingram be up-scaled to match traditional wireline logs for regional assessment. Core-scanning also provides rich chemical datasets, and in the case of XRF yields up to 30 elements, including majors and traces – this greatly exceeds that of industry standard core gamma scans (K, U and Th). The integration of both core scanning techniques (XRF and DECT) can also be used to generate

Recent advances in core-scanning technology have provided the necessary data to model unconventional reservoirs at extremely high resolution using non-destructive techniques. These include Dual Energy Computed Tomography (DECT) and X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), which measure bulk density and chemical composition (rock matrix), respectively. These fine-scale core scanning methods resolve geologic thin-beds (cm-scale), and output data can

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Headquartered in Denver, Colorado, QEP Resources, Inc. (NYSE: QEP) is an S&P 500 Index member company. Learn more at www.qepres.com.

OUTCROP | June 2015

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OUTCROP | June 2015

nor Great Western a rocky mountain operator

RMAG LUNCHEON PROGRAMS

ÂťÂťCONTINUED FROM PAGE 22

high-resolution reservoir models. Bulk density and elements from XRF scanning are used to solve for mineralogy, total porosity, clay bound water and effective porosity. Continuous kerogen estimation is also possible by calibration of elemental proxies, and is critically important for organic-rich source beds. Summation of the calculated mineral volumes and kerogen, if present, defines solid-phase maO I L & G A S COOI LM & PAGNAYS C O M PA N Ytrix density, which can be combine with bulk and fluid densities to 303-398-0302 303-398-0302 calculate reservoir storage along info@gwogco.com info@gwogco.com with bound versus free fluids in www.gwogco.com www.gwogco.com the reservoir. This multimineral model is calculated using core scanning results; hence has utility for comparison to log-based petrophysical solutions.

GreatGreat Western Western

Grea

Ingram, Wesley C., Ph.D., is a geochemist at Weatherford labs in Golden CO, with a primary focus on X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) technology and interpretation of elemental data. His expertise includes sedimentary geochemistry, biogeochemistry, and petrophysics. Prior to Weatherford, he worked at Devon Energy in exploration and development as a geologist and petrophysicist. Within Weatherford, he is involved with developing new XRF core scanning services and reservoir evaluation techniques. He received his undergraduate and masters from Florida State University in Geography and Geological Sciences and his doctorate from University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill in Oceanography.

OUTCROP | June 2015

Vol. 64, No. 6 | www.rmag.org

OIL &

303-3 info@g www.g

Vol. 64, No. 6 | www.rmag.org

OUTCROP | June 2015

RMAG LUNCHEON PROGRAMS Speaker: R.S. Bell â&#x20AC;&#x201D; July 1, 2015

Drones Will Change Exploration Geoscience! By R.S. Bell high definition photographic and spectral imaging technologies. A key factor driving the adoption of the technology is the huge savings realized through selective and limited use of amendments, herbicides, and pesticides. The very same sensor technologies used to improve profitability in the agribusiness are being combined with advancements in geophysical sensors to map surface and subsurface variations in lithology as well as locate buried infrastructure relevant to the exploration for and development of oil and gas, metallic minerals, geothermal energy, and ground water resources. The boom in the use of drones is just beginning to impact how exploration geoscience is being done and how it will be accomplished during the next decade and beyond. The economic argument for employing drones for exploration geoscience is that they make it possible to acquire higher resolution data in less time at lower cost which is undoubtedly sweet music to the ears of every exploration manager challenged by the reality of significantly diminished budgets during the current period of low commodity prices. Therefore, it is reasonable to conclude that drones will change exploration geoscience!

The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) is preparing to issue rules governing the civil use of small Unmanned Aircraft Systems (aka drones) in 2015, perhaps as soon as May or June. A recent FAA ruling known as â&#x20AC;&#x153;Exemption 333â&#x20AC;? was created as a transitional path forward to enable individuals and companies to legally operate drones in US air space for profit under what is known as a Certificate of Authorization (COA). Privacy advocates are fighting the use of drones tooth and nail. Some are so passionate in their advocacy that they seek to ban the use of drones entirely. However, it is clear that the economic benefits of the airborne robotic technologies are too numerous to rationally accept the unreasonable constraint imposed by bad legislation borne out of fear of what might possibly happen. Drones are emerging as a technology that industry and consumers alike will come to reply on, much like how we have grown accustomed to using smart phones and the internet as the primary means for facilitating communication and conducting business. One significant industry that is pumping up the demand for drones is the agribusiness. Drones are employed to monitor crop health through the systematic imaging of fields at low altitude using autonomously operated airborne robots equipped with

R. S. Bell is a 35+ year veteran in application of geophysical methods to the exploration for mineral, groundwater, geothermal, and hydrocarbon resources as well as subsurface characterization for environmental and engineering investigations. He was a founder and principal of a geophysical software company as well as a market maker for an electrical geophysical technology to monitor the flow of fluid in geologic formations, oil reservoirs, and gold heap leach pads. Along with an international team of seasoned industry professionals, he formed Aerobotic Geophysical Systems, LLC, a Colorado company, to manufacturer small UAS equipped with geophysical and imaging sensors specifically designed for advanced, cost effective geoscientific mapping. He holds a BS in Applied Physics from Michigan Technological University and has decades of hands-on, practical experience in the acquisition, processing, visualization, and interpretation of geophysical data. Contact info: rbell@igsdenver.com | 720-220-3596 OUTCROP | June 2015

Vol. 64, No. 6 | www.rmag.org

Oilfield Helping Hands raises money through annual events that everyone is welcome to attend. The financial support of our corporate members and sponsors defers operation expenses for each event, helping to net the highest percentage of proceeds to assist families. For more information, email RockyMountainOHH@gmail.com or visit www.oilfieldhelpinghands.org.

Rocky Mountain Chapter Sporting Clays - September 18 Bowling and Billiards Bash - December 3

Vol. 64, No. 6 | www.rmag.org

OUTCROP | June 2015

WELCOME NEW RMAG MEMBERS!

Thomas Arthur

works at Encana Oil and Gas in Centennial, CO

Justine Carstairs

lives in Hawthorn, Australia

Laura Davies

works at Getech PLC in Leeds, United Kingdom

Experience Integrity Professionalism

We, at Decollement, pride ourselves with some of the most experienced Geologists in the �ield. Our Geologists have on Experience average, ten years of Integrity experience. WeProfessionalism have been operational Experience Integrity Professionalism since 1979 in all of the Rocky Mountain basins. We have We, at Decollement, pride ourselves with some of the most assisted hundreds of clients thousands of wells. have on experienced Geologists in theon�ield. Our Geologists We, at Decollement, ourselves the most average, ten years ofpride experience. Wewith havesome beenof operational experienced in the Mountain �ield. Our basins. Geologists since 1979 inGeologists all of the Rocky Wehave haveon www.decollementconsulting.com | 303-578-6875 assisted of experience. clients on thousands wells. average, hundreds ten years of We have of been operational since 1979 in all of the Rocky Mountain basins. We have Décollement www.decollementconsulting.com | 303-578-6875 assisted hundreds of clients on thousands of wells.

Consulting

Décollement Inc. www.decollementconsulting.com | 303-578-6875 Consulting Inc.

Décollement Consulting Inc.

Mason DeMist

lives in Fort Collins, CO

Kevin Eastham

lives in Anchorage, AK

Laurence Gilmore

is an Exploration Manager at Antelope Energy Co., llc in Denver, CO

Chase Lybbert lives in Lantana, TX

Douglas Parker

is a Geophysical Advisor at Energy Corporation of America in Denver, CO

Cheryl Poteet

is a Geological Technician Lead at WPX Energy in Denver, CO

Christopher Poythress lives in Arvada, CO

Debra Rens

works at Newpek LLC in Denver, CO

»»CONTINUED ON PAGE 30

OUTCROP | June 2015

Vol. 64, No. 6 | www.rmag.org

IN THE PIPELINE

MAY 31-JUNE 3, 2015

JUNE 17, 2015

AAPG Annual Convention and Exhibition. Denver, CO.

RMAG Golf Tournament. Arrowhead Golf Course.

JUNE 2, 2015

JUNE 23-25, 2015

RMAG & AAPG ACE Social Event. Night at the (Denver) Zoo.

Hart DUG-East. Pittsburgh, PA. JUNE 24, 2015

JUNE 4, 2015

Oilfield Christian Fellowship. For reservations, RSVP to OCF-DenverChapter@ pxd.com or 303-675-2602.

AAPG/PTTC Rockies Short Course. “Confessions of a Frac Engineer: 200 Field Studies Prove Our Frac Jobs Are Not Optimized.” Denver, CO.

JUNE 30, 2015 RMS-SEPM Luncheon.

JUNE 10, 2015 RMAG Luncheon. Speaker Wesley Ingram. “Multimineral Modeling Using New Core Scanning Technology.” Location: Maggiano’s Little Italy, Downtown Denver.

June 21st On-theJUNE 11, 2015 Rocks Field Trip

LOCATION we’ll lease it, permit it, gather it and sell it

Continued from page 43

11:30 – 1:15; Wynkoop Brewing Company;. Karen Barry recently accepted the position of created a sensational buzz in theand scientific community Colorado State Geologist will speak to an and elsewhere is testimonial to excellent research open luncheon group hosted by the Colorado conducted byofDr. her students and her Section theSiddoway, American Institute of Professional collaborators. ThePlease members of theloganmacmillan@ OTR field trip, on the Geologists. contact: centurylink.net for more information. longest day of the year, were able to catch a bit of that

magic. As a final act of closure, the skies opened up as 15-18, 2015 our cars at the Visitor’s Center. weJUNE drove back to collect Dime-sized hail pelted the group and made continued SIPES Annual Meeting. Dear Valley, UT. discussion, and even goodbyes, impossible. What started as16, a nice day with great potential turned into a JUNE 2015 highly memorable learning experience with impact. DWLS Annual Summer Social.

References :

Myrow, P.M., Taylor, J.F., Miller, J.F., Ethington, R.L., Ripperdan, R.L., and Allen, J., 2003, Fallen Arches: Dispelling Myths Concerning Cambrian and Ordovician Paleogeography of the Rocky Mountain Region: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 115, no. 6, p. 695–713 Siddoway, C., Myrow, P., and Fitz-Díaz, E., 2013, Strata, Structures, and Enduring Enigmas: A 125th Anniversary Appraisal of Colorado Springs Geology, in Abbott, L.D., and Hancock, G.S., eds., Classic Concepts and New Directions: Exploring 125 Years Visit www.rmag.org to learn more. of GSA Discoveries in the Rocky Mountain Region: Geological Society of America Field Guide 33, p. 331–356. Siddoway, C, Shatford, S. and Contreras, A. A. 2013, ARMO of CambrianVol. 64, No. Reactivation 6 | www.rmag.org Ordovician or Older Structures: Detrital Zircon Evidence from “Structureless” Sandstones of the Souther Front Range

Sponsorship opportunities for the annual RMAG Golf Tournament are available!

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OUTCROP | June 2015

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OUTCROP | June 2015

WELCOME NEW RMAG MEMBERS!

ÂťÂťCONTINUED FROM PAGE 28

John Smith

is a Completions Manager in Greenwood Village, CO

Nancy Strabala

is a Sr. Account Executive at IHS in Littleton, CO

Carter Timbel lives in Denver, CO

Richard Williamson

is a VP Customer Support at Excel Geophysical Services in Greenwood Village, CO

Kasmira Workman lives in Lakewood, CO

DONATE NOW Please to contribute to the RMAG. Your RMAG contribution supports the calendar of 2015 of RMAG events, including short courses, symposia, social events, monthly luncheons, and more.

Click here to make a contribution online! Vol. 64, No. 6 | www.rmag.org

2015 RMAG Symposium October 8th

Hot Plays The Rocky Mountain Association of Geologists presents: the RMAG Fall Symposium

Hot Plays of the Rocky Mountain Region October 8, 2015 at the Denver City Center Marriott

Kick oﬀ Speakers: Mark Sonnenfeld & Lyn Canter

Registration opens July 1st! Exhibitor Registration and Sponsorship Registration are open!

Please visit www.rmag.org for more information. With all the unconventional activity occurring across the globe, it is time to review what is driving the technical quality of the “Hot Plays” in the greater Rocky Mountain region. Please mark your calendars for what is sure to be the “HOTTEST” event of the Fall 2015 Technical Season. Geological, Geophysical, Geochemical, Petrophysical, and Structural technical drivers will be presented, describing what the RMAG membership has determined to be the Hottest Plays in the Rocky Mountains.

email: staﬀ@rmag.org

phone: 303.573.8621

Vol. No. 6 | www.rmag.org 91064, 16th Street #1214, Denver,

CO, 80202

fax: 303.476.2241 31

web: www.rmag.org

OUTCROP follow: @rmagdenver

| June 2015

ANNOUNCEMENT

Announcement from Colo. Section, Amer. Institute of Professional Geologists Karen Barry recently accepted the position of Colorado State Geologist and will speak to an open luncheon group hosted by the Colorado Section of the American Institute of Professional Geologists. Ms. Berry would like to talk about the CGS’ work plan for the next fiscal year (July 2015 to July 2016), future projects, and a longer term strategic plan for CGS. The Geological Survey has been physically and

administratively relocated from the state’s Department of Natural Resources to the Colorado School of Mines. Cost for the luncheon is $25/person, $5/walkin, with serving starting about 11:50 AM and Ms. Berry’s presentation to start at 12:30 PM. Reservations may be left with loganmacmillan@centurylink.net or by phone message, 303-241-2572 up until noon, Tues. 6/9/15

DETAILS DATE: May 11, 2015 RE: Luncheon Speaker

Announced for June, 2015 – Colorado State Geologist Karen Barry JUNE 11, 2015: 11:30

– 1:15 Wynkoop Brewing Company, Mory/Brown Room, 1634 18th Street, Denver, 80202

RMAG HAS A BLOG! Here you can find stories, member highlights, event wrap ups, and much more. Find the RMAG blog at rmagblog.wordpress.com. OUTCROP | June 2015

Vol. 64, No. 6 | www.rmag.org

OUTCROP | June 2015

Vol. 64, No. 6 | www.rmag.org

LEAD STORY

M 7.8 Earthquake

Hits Nepal Provided by USGS

AmeriCares: An emergency response and global health organization. CARE: A humanitarian organization fighting global poverty. Catholic Relief Services: The humanitarian agency of the Catholic Church which maintains field office in Nepal. DirectRelief: A nonprofit that specializes in providing international medical assistance. GlobalGiving: A charity fundraising website that’s collecting funds to “help first responders meet survivors’ immediate needs for food, fuel, clean water, hygiene products, and shelter. International Relief Teams: A 4-star humanitarian organization that specializes in disaster relief. Operation USA: An LA-based agency that has had operations in Nepal since the mid-1980s. Save The Children: An international NGO dedicated to promoting children’s rights and providing relief Vol. 64,support No. 6 to | www.rmag.org and children in developing countries.

TECTONIC SUMMARY

Editors Note: While the information in this article is preliminary and subject to change there is little doubt that the people of Nepal have been through a lot in the last month. We live in a time where data is accessible via the USGS nearly instantaneously. Researching the power of this earthquake is quick and easy – just click a link and the data is at your fingertips. It’s also easy to help people in ways big and small that have had a dramatic hardship thrust upon them. The charities below are vetted and good candidates if you would like to help with the relief effort in Nepal.

The April 25, 2015 M 7.8 Nepal earthquake occurred as the result of thrust faulting on or near the main frontal thrust between the subducting India plate and the overriding Eurasia plate to the north. At the location of this earthquake, approximately 80 km to the northwest of the Nepalese capital of Kathmandu, the India plate is converging with Eurasia at a rate of 45 mm/ yr towards the north-northeast, driving the uplift of the Himalayan mountain range (Figure 1). The preliminary location, size and focal mechanism of the April 25, 2015 earthquake are consistent with its occurrence on the main subduction thrust interface between the India and Eurasia plates (Figure 2). Although a major plate boundary with a history of large-to-great sized earthquakes, large earthquakes on the Himalayan thrust are rare in the documented historical era. Just four events of M6 or larger have occurred within 250 km of the April 25, 2015 earthquake over the past century. One, a M 6.9 earthquake in August 1988, 240 km to the southeast of the April 25 event, caused close to 1500 fatalities. The largest, an M 8.0 event known as the 1934 Nepal-Bihar earthquake, occurred in a similar location to the 1988 event. It severely damaged Kathmandu, and is thought to have caused around 10,600 fatalities.

»»

CONTINUED ON PAGE 37 OUTCROP | June 2015

Lead Story FIGURE 1

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Vol. 64, No. 6 | www.rmag.org

Lead Story the aftershocks will be in the zone of current activity and at its edges. Currently aftershocks are occurring in a zone extending approximately 200 km away from the mainshock epicenter.

»»CONTINUED FROM PAGE 35 USGS AFTERSHOCK FORECAST FOR THE MAGNITUDE 7.8 NEPAL EARTHQUAKE OF APRIL 25, 2015 In the coming week, the USGS expects 3-14 M≥5 aftershocks of the magnitude 7.8 Nepal earthquake. Additionally, the USGS estimates that there is a 54% chance of a M≥6 aftershock, and a 7% chance of a M≥7 aftershock during this one-week period. After this, in the following month and then the following year, USGS expects several M≥5 aftershocks, with a significant chance of M≥6 aftershock (greater than 50%). The potential for an aftershock larger than the mainshock remains, but is small (1-2% in each time period). Felt earthquakes (i.e., those with M≥ 3 or 4) will be common over the next weeks to months. Based on general earthquake statistics, the expected number of M≥ 3 or 4 aftershocks can be estimated by multiplying the expected number of M>=5 aftershocks by 100 or 10, respectively. The expected location of

Vol. 64, No. 6 | www.rmag.org

SEISMOTECTONICS OF THE HIMALAYA AND VICINITY

Seismicity in the Himalaya dominantly results from the continental collision of the India and Eurasia plates, which are converging at a relative rate of 40-50 mm/yr. Northward underthrusting of India beneath Eurasia generates numerous earthquakes and consequently makes this area one of the most seismically hazardous regions on Earth. The surface expression of the plate boundary is marked by the foothills of the north-south trending Sulaiman Range in the west, the Indo-Burmese Arc in the east and the east-west trending Himalaya Front in the north of India. The India-Eurasia plate boundary is a diffuse

»»CONTINUED ON PAGE 38

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Lead Story FIGURE 2 70°E

80°E

90°E

100°E

110°E

MAP EXPLANATION Earthquakes M6.0+ 1900-2014 Magnitude 6.0 - 6.5

Eurasia Plate

Kazakhstan

6.5 - 7.0 7.0 - 7.5 7.5 + Nucleation Points (M8.3 +) Aftershock Zones Faults

Kyrgyzstan

Subduction Transform Divergent Others

China

30°N

40°N

Tajikistan Uzbekistan

1950 M8.6

Afghanistan Bhutan

Pakistan Nepal

38 mm/yr

43 mm/yr

30°N

India

48 mm/yr

India Plate

Bangladesh

Burma 20°N

Thailand 0

250

500

1,000 Kilometers

70°E

boundary, which in the region near the north of India, lies within the limits of the Indus-Tsangpo (also called the Yarlung-Zangbo) Suture to the north and the Main Frontal Thrust to the south. The Indus-Tsangpo Suture Zone is located roughly 200 km north of the Himalaya Front and is defined by an exposed ophiolite chain along its southern margin. The narrow (<200km) Himalaya Front includes numerous east-west trending, parallel structures. This region has the highest rates of seismicity and largest earthquakes in the Himalaya region, caused mainly by movement on thrust faults. Examples of significant earthquakes, in this densely populated region, caused by reverse slip movement include the 1934 M8.0 Bihar, the 1905 M7.5 Kangra and the 2005 M7.6 Kashmir earthquakes. The latter two resulted in the highest death tolls for Himalaya earthquakes OUTCROP | June 2015

90°E

»»CONTINUED FROM PAGE 37

80°E

The narrow (<200km) Himalaya Front has the highest rates of seismicity and largest earthquakes in the Himalaya region, caused mainly by movement on thrust faults.

seen to date, together killing over 100,000 people and leaving millions homeless. The largest instrumentally recorded Himalaya earthquake occurred on 15th August 1950 in Assam, eastern India. This M8.6 right-lateral, strike-slip, earthquake was widely felt

»»CONTINUED ON PAGE 40

Vol. 64, No. 6 | www.rmag.org

9/17/2015

The Rocky Mountain Association of Geologists

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At Kiowa Creek Sporting Club Registration & Sponsorship opens July 13, 2015 at 8:00am.

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RMAG Email: staďŹ&#x20AC;@rmag.org RMAG Phone: (303) 573-8621 RMAG Fax: (303) 476-2241 39

OUTCROP | June 2015

Lead Story AS

OUR TOUCH GETS

»»CONTINUED FROM PAGE 38

over a broad area of central Asia, causing extensive damage to villages in the epicentral region. The Tibetan Plateau is situated north of the Himalaya, stretching approximately 1000km northsouth and 2500km east-west, and geologically and THEisOPPORTUNITIES tectonically complex with several sutures which are hundreds of kilometer-long and generally trend eastwest. The Tibetan Plateau is cut by a number of large (>1000km) east-west trending, left-lateral, strikeslip faults, including the long Kunlun, Haiyuan, and the Altyn Tagh. Right-lateral, strike-slip faults (comparable in size to the left-lateral faults), in this region

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include the Karakorum, Red River, and Sagaing. Secondary north-south trending normal faults also cut the Tibetan Plateau. Thrust faults are found towards the north and south of the Tibetan Plateau. Collectively, these faults accommodate crustal shortening associated with the ongoing collision of the India and Eurasia plates, with thrust faults accommodating north south compression, and normal and strike-slip accommodating east-west extension. Along the western margin of the Tibetan Plateau, in the vicinity of south-eastern Afghanistan and western Pakistan, the India plate translates obliquely relative to the Eurasia plate, resulting in a complex fold-and-thrust belt known as the Sulaiman Range. Faulting in this region includes strike-slip, reverse-slip and oblique-slip motion and often results in shallow, destructive earthquakes. The active, left-lateral, strike-slip Chaman fault is the fastest

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Vol. 63, No. 12

»»CONTINUED ON PAGE 42

Vol. 64, No. 6 | www.rmag.org

December 2014

Summer Industry Happy Hour

Presented by The Rocky Mountain Association of Geologists

CONNECT ENGAGE LINK EXPLORE NETWORK August 20, 2015

Maggiano’s Little Italy email: staﬀ@rmag.org

phone: 303.573.8621

Vol. 64, No.Street 6 | www.rmag.org 910 16th #1214, Denver,

CO, 80202

fax: 303.476.2241 41

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OUTCROP follow: @rmagdenver

| June 2015

Lead Story

On the 18 February 1911, the M7.4 Sarez earthquake ruptured in the Central Pamir Mountains, killing numerous people and triggering a landside, which blocked the Murghab River.

»»CONTINUED FROM PAGE 40

moving fault in the region. In 1505, a segment of the Chaman fault near Kabul, Afghanistan, ruptured causing widespread destruction. In the same region the more recent 30 May 1935, M7.6 Quetta earthquake, which occurred in the Sulaiman Range in Pakistan, killed between 30,000 and 60,000 people. On the north-western side of the Tibetan Plateau, beneath the Pamir-Hindu Kush Mountains of northern Afghanistan, earthquakes occur at depths as great as 200 km as a result of remnant lithospheric subduction. The curved arc of deep earthquakes found in the Hindu Kush Pamir region indicates the presence of a lithospheric body at depth, thought to be remnants of a subducting slab. Cross-sections through the Hindu Kush region suggest a near vertical northerly-dipping subducting slab, whereas cross-sections through the nearby Pamir region to the east indicate a much shallower dipping, southerly subducting slab. Some models suggest the presence of two subduction zones; with the Indian plate

OUTCROP | June 2015

being subducted beneath the Hindu Kush region and the Eurasian plate being subducted beneath the Pamir region. However, other models suggest that just one of the two plates is being subducted and that the slab has become contorted and overturned in places. Shallow crustal earthquakes also occur in this region near the Main Pamir Thrust and other active

»»CONTINUED ON PAGE 44

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RMAG & AAPG ACE Night at the Zoo Thank you to our sponsors!

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OUTCROP | June 2015

Lead Story

Quaternary faults. The Main Pamir Thrust, north of the Pamir Mountains, is an active shortening structure. The northern portion of the Main Pamir Thrust produces many shallow earthquakes, whereas its western and eastern borders display a combination of thrust and strike-slip mechanisms. On the 18 February 1911, the M7.4 Sarez earthquake ruptured in the Central Pamir Mountains, killing numerous people and triggering a landside, which blocked the Murghab River. Further north, the Tian Shan is a seismically active intra-continental mountain belt, which extends 2500 km in an ENE-WNW orientation north of the Tarim Basin. This belt is defined by numerous eastwest trending thrust faults, creating a compressional basin and range landscape. It is generally thought that regional stresses associated with the collision of the India and Eurasia plates are responsible for faulting in the region. The region has had three major earthquakes (>M7.6) at the start of the 20th Century, including the 1902 Atushi earthquake, which killed an estimated 5,000 people. The range is cut through in the west by the 700-km-long, northwest-southeast striking, Talas-Ferghana active right-lateral, strike-slip fault system. Though the system has produced no major earthquakes in the last 250 years, paleo-seismic studies indicate that it has the potential to produce M7.0+ earthquakes and it is thought to represent a significant hazard. The northern portion of the Tibetan Plateau itself is largely dominated by the motion on three large left-lateral, strike-slip fault systems; the Altyn Tagh, Kunlun and Haiyuan. The Altyn Tagh fault is the longest of these strike slip faults and it is thought to accommodate a significant portion of plate convergence. However, this system has not experienced significant historical earthquakes, though paleoseismic studies show evidence of prehistoric M7.08.0 events. Thrust faults link with the Altyn Tagh at its eastern and western termini. The Kunlun Fault, south of the Altyn Tagh, is seismically active, producing large earthquakes such as the 8th November 1997, M7.6 Manyi earthquake and the 14th November 2001, M7.8 Kokoxili earthquake. The Haiyuan Fault, in the far north-east, generated the 16 December 1920, M7.8 earthquake that killed approximately OUTCROP | June 2015

200,000 people and the 22 May 1927 M7.6 earthquake that killed 40,912. The Longmen Shan thrust belt, along the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau, is an important structural feature and forms a transitional zone between the complexly deformed Songpan-Garze Fold Belt and the relatively undeformed Sichuan Basin. On 12 May 2008, the thrust belt produced the reverse slip, M7.9 Wenchuan earthquake, killing over 87,000 people and causing billions of US dollars in damages and landslides which dammed several rivers and lakes. Southeast of the Tibetan Plateau are the right-lateral, strike-slip Red River and the left-lateral, strikeslip Xiangshuihe-Xiaojiang fault systems. The Red River Fault experienced large scale, left-lateral ductile shear during the Tertiary period before changing to its present day right-lateral slip rate of approximately 5 mm/yr. This fault has produced several earthquakes >M6.0 including the 4 January 1970, M7.5 earthquake in Tonghai which killed over 10,000 people. Since the start of the 20th century, the Xiangshuihe-Xiaojiang Fault system has generated several M7.0+ earthquakes including the M7.5 Luhuo earthquake which ruptured on the 22 April 1973. Some studies suggest that due to the high slip rate on this fault, future large earthquakes are highly possible along the 65km stretch between Daofu and Qianning and the 135km stretch that runs through Kangding. Shallow earthquakes within the Indo-Burmese Arc, predominantly occur on a combination of strikeslip and reverse faults, including the Sagaing, Kabaw and Dauki faults. Between 1930 and 1956, six M7.0+ earthquakes occurred near the right-lateral Sagaing Fault, resulting in severe damage in Myanmar including the generation of landslides, liquefaction and the loss of 610 lives. Deep earthquakes (200km) have also been known to occur in this region, these are thought to be due to the subduction of the eastwards dipping, India plate, though whether subduction is currently active is debated. Within the pre-instrumental period, the large Shillong earthquake occurred on the 12 June 1897, causing widespread destruction.

ÂťÂťCONTINUED FROM PAGE 42

Vol. 64, No. 6 | www.rmag.org

GeoLand Ski Day

Everyone who participated in the Geoland Ski Event this year was treated to a great day in the Colorado Mountains. On March 7th we had three busses filled with eager skiers ready to hit the slopes with fellow Geologists, Landmen and other oil industry professional. We departed the Lakewood Federal center early so people were happy to see (PFS) Petroleum Field Services help out again serving coffee and donuts to all the participants before everyone boarded the busses. Beaver Creek Resort hosted us with a beautiful day of warm temps, clear skys and nice dry powder covering a 63” base. We had a large group of 230 skiers, snow boarders and party goers. Everyone had the opportunity to ski the runs know as the “Birds of Prey” including trails such as Peregrine, Goshawk and the world Championship downhill course on Golden Eagle. The NASTAR course was very popular with over 40 racers competing for one of the fastest times and race awards. The course was unforgiving this year with many spills and complete wipe – outs. In the men’s group Skyler “the hawk” Gary took first place with a time of 32.34 sec. Justin Cammon was a close second finishing at 32.65 sec. and Paul Whisenand came in third with a time of 33.62 sec. Once again Doug Potter, Gary Davis and Steve Chamberlin were in hot pursuit of the top finishers. In the woman’s division Katy “to quick” Burchart won with a finishing time of 36.74 sec. Carla Konopka was second at 39.9 sec. and Paula Dean took third place at 42.45 sec. Close behind them we saw Pamala Kingery, Lisa Kreydatus and Marla Reeves all finish with great times. After a long day on the slopes everyone was welcome to a wonderful Apres Ski party and awards ceremony at the Westin Riverfront resort in Avon. A delicious array of tasty appetizers a pasta bar, wine, beer, race awards, door prizes and a silent auction all made for a great place to meet and celebrate with all the participants. A Special thanks goes out to all those that joined in and skied with us this year. Chairman for the RMAG were Chris Gough and Larry Bennett. Patsy Botts was the Chair for the DAPL. Thank you to our 2015 Geoland Ski Day Sponsors!

Bus Sponsors: Beatty & Wozniak, PC, Beckman Law Firm, Orange Energy Coporation | Extreme Terrain Sponsors: Burleson, LLP, Jost & zzShelton Energy Group, PC, Purple Land Management, Steptoe & Johnson, PLLC | Double Black Diamond Sponsors: Baseline Minerals, Inc., Davis Graham & Stubbs, Dufford & Brown, Enerplus, Fox Rothschild, LLP, Lathrop & Gage, LLP, Poulson Odell & Peterson, LLC, R.K. Pinson & Associates, Rocky Mountain Hydrocarbon, LLC, EOG Resources, Uintah Engineering & Land Surveying, Welborn Sullivan Meck & Tooley, PC | Black Diamond Sponsors: Bayswater Explooration & Production, LLC, Becker Oil Corporation, Bjork Lindley Little, PC, DJ Resources Inc, Drillinginfo, Holland Services, Meagher Energy Advisors, Mesa Energy Partners, LLC, Rampart Energy Company, Shanor & Collins, LLC, Tjornehoj & Hack LLC | Blue Sponsors: Angelle & Donohue Oil & Gas Properties, Inc, Energy Investments, Inc, Flagg Diamond Corporation, J L Oburn Jr. & Co, Norstar Petroleum, PDC Energy, Inc, Reagan Resources, Inc, Robert L. Bayless Producer, LLC, TGS, T.S. Dudley Land Company, Inc | Green Sponsors: Aaron Resources, Denver Earth Resources Library, MEQ Geo, Inc, Mountain States Energy Advisors, PLLC, Willbros | In-Kind: Alpine Wine & Spirits, Bonfire Brewery, Lear & Lear, Marlowe’s Restaurant, Petroleum Field LLC Vol. 64, No. 6 Services, | www.rmag.org 45 OUTCROP | June 2015

ON THE ROCKS

FIELD TRIPS AUGUST 8 SOUTH PARK FIELD TRIP Logistics Leader: Phyllis Scott; Trip Geologist: Peter Barkmann of the Colorado Geological Survey Recent mapping efforts have brought to light the magnitude in complexity of a structural basin already recognized for its unique sedimentary and tectonic setting. This field trip will explore how Paleozoic, Mesozoic and Cenozoic strata record, and even create, varied tectonic fabrics defining one of Colorado’s gems.

JULY 25

CRIPPLE CREEK & VICTOR GOLD MINE TRIP The Cripple Creek & Victor Gold Mine trip will start at the Cripple Creek & Victor Visitor Center in Cripple Creek at 11:00 am. We will have an opportunity to tour the facility. We will leave the Visitor Center at 12:15 and drive to Victor where will take the tour provided by the Cripple Creek & Victor Gold Mine. The tour takes approximately 2.5 hours and all safety equipment will be provided by the CCV. We should be back in Victor around 3:30pm. There will be a limit of 13 people for this trip and the cost will be $22.50 per person. OUTCROP | June 2015

Longs Peak, Front Range, Colorado (Photo Wikipedia Creative Commons)

SEPTEMBER 19 SPACE-TIME TRAVEL FROM THE ANCESTRAL ROCKIES TO THE LARAMIDE AND BEYOND – A TRANSECT OF THE COLORADO FRONT RANGE Leaders: Ned Sterne and Bob Raynolds Join us on a traverse across the Front Range from DIA to State Bridge. Ponder the Arsenal well and a prestack depth migration of the Rocky Flats seismic line. Cross the Front Range and dive into the thrust detachments of the Breccia Spoon Syncline to get a sense of what the guts of the range looked like where they haven’t been stripped to basement. Exit the Laramide 46

Front Range at the Williams Range Thrust and contemplate post-Laramide, Miocene-age thrusting. Finally, dive off the Ancestral Rockies-age, Front Rangia Uplift into the Eagle Basin and savor the Paleozoic section of the Central Colorado Trough. Bring your favorite conceptual baggage and see if we can all find ways to jettison some of our most superfluous burdens. Vol. 64, No. 6 | www.rmag.org

OCTOBER 10 & 11 LARAMIDE BASIN EVOLUTION AND DRILLING ACTIVITY IN THE NORTH PARK â&#x20AC;&#x201C; MIDDLE PARK BASIN, COLORADO This two-day field trip will review the geologic history in context with the past and present petroleum exploration in the North Park-Middle Park Basin (or Colorado Headwaters Basin, CHB) in north-central Colorado. The first oil and gas well, Continental Oilâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Sherman A-1, was drilled in 1925 in the northeast part of the basin, and produced mostly CO2 from the Dakota Sandstone. Later wells were more successful in finding oil and/or gas and exploration and production in the area is ongoing, most notably in the unconventional Niobrara play. The basin has a complex geologic history that is critical to understanding these oil and gas plays. Geologic discussions will include the Mesozoic sedimentary deposits that contain hydrocarbons including the Dakota Sandstone and Niobrara Formation, the subsequent basin formation and fill during the Laramide orogeny (Coalmont and Middle Park formations), and also highlight some of the late-Laramide deformation in the area. The Paleocene-Eocene strata reveal a complex and episodic evolution of the CHB. Deposits range from coarse-grained fluvial to paludal and lacustrine. Paleocurrent trends and distinctive volcanic-porphyry cobbles indicate significant sediment transport northward from central Colorado sources (unexpected implications for paleodrainage). Rapid subsidence is indicated Vol. 64, No. 6 | www.rmag.org

Bottom: Active drilling in the McCallum Anticline area. Top: Lacustrine delta in the Coalmont Formation near Walden. by great sediment thickness (>2.5 km) within a short timeframe. Stops will also present evidence for (1) widespread uplift and erosion in early Paleocene time; (2) broad tilting and local folding before onset of subsidence/deposition in middle Paleocene time; (3) faulting and local intra-basin uplift during sedimentation; and (4) post-middle(?) Eocene contraction and even younger deformation. The present shape of the CHB reflects the geometry of (largely) post-depositional faults and folds that are (in many cases) different from the structures of the original depositional basin. 47

DATES: Saturday,

October 10, Sunday October 11 LEADERS: Marieke

Dechesne, Jim Cole (USGS, Denver, Colorado), Chris Martin (Bonanza Creek Energy, Inc., Denver, Colorado) INCLUDES:

1 night lodging in Walden, 2 lunches, transportation LIMIT: 30

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40% oﬀ

SALE RMAG 2015

Publications Sale! May 15 - June 15

staﬀ@rmag.org

OUTCROP | June 2015

(303) 573-8621 48

| www.rmag.org

@rmagdenver

Vol. 64, No. 6 | www.rmag.org

2005 Gas in Low Permeability Reservoirs in the Rocky Mountain Region 2008 Hydrocarbon Systems and Production in the Uinta Basin, Utah 2008 Shale Gas in the Rocky Mountains and Beyond 2009 The Paradox Basin Revisited: New Developments in Petroleum Systems and Basin Analysis 2011 Bakken Guidebook 2011 Revisiting and Revitalizing the Niobrara in the Central Rockies The Mountain Geologist 2006-2010 Geologic Atlas of the Rocky Mountain Region - CD

2003 Piceance Basin Guide Book CD The Mountain Geologist 1964-2005 - DVD Set The RMAG Library 1937-2001 13 CD Set The RMAG Library 1937-2001 DVD Set TRAILWALKERS GUIDE to the Dinosaur Ridge, Red Rocks and Green Mountain Area

RMAG Member Only Sale

Vol. 64, No. 6 | www.rmag.org

OUTCROP | June 2015

CALENDAR | JUNE 2015 SUNDAY

MONDAY

TUESDAY

WEDNESDAY

THURSDAY

FRIDAY

SATURDAY

RMAG & AAPG ACE Social Event.

AAPG/PTTC Rockies Short Course.

AAPG ACE

RMAG Luncheon.

Karen Barry Luncheon.

DWLS Annual Summer Social.

RMAG Golf Tournament.

SIPES Annual Meeting.

24 Oilfield Christian Fellowship. Hart DUG-East.

30 RMS-SEPM Luncheon.

OUTCROP ADVERTISING RATES 1 Time

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Vol. 64, No. 6 | www.rmag.org

Wednesday, June 17, 2015 The Rocky Mountain Association of Geologists’ Annual Golf Tournament At Arrowhead Golf Club

Registration Closes June 4th at 4:00pm RMAG Member Team of 4 Non-Member Team of 4 RMAG Member Individual Non-Member Individual

Sponsorship and registration opportunities are available. Please visit www.rmag.org for more information.

$800 $900 $200 $225

phone: (303) 573-8621 | email: staﬀ@rmag.org | fax: (303) 476-2241

OUTCROP | June 2015

ADVERTISER INDEX • AAPG �� 17, 21, 37

• Kestrel Geoscience, LLC �� 6

• Alliance Insurance Agency �� 14

• Lario Oil & Gas Company �� 16

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• James C. Karo Associates Land Services �� 29

• Whiting Petroleum Corporation �� 30

• Johnson Geo-Consulting, LLC �� 6

• William W. Little, Ph. D. �� 8

RMAG FOUNDATION

2013-14 +

SCHOLARSHIPS CONTRIBUTIONS

McKenna Fund

Babcock Fund

Stone/Holberg Fund

CSU Fund Bolyard Fund

Veterans Fund

Colorado School of Mines

Colorado College

SCHOLARSHIPS CU Boulder

Rocky Mtn region Universities awarded to veterans attending Rocky Mtn Region Universities

University of WY Fund

AAPG - Imperial Barrel

Morrison Natural History

AAPG Student Leadership

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Denver Public Schools

Rocky Mtn Section Rocky Mtn Section

Inner City School attendance Rocky Mtn Section

Golden Pick Award RMAG

Guidebook contribution AAPG Sectional meeting Rockbuster Ball awards

Studying Rocky Mtn Structural Geology Golden

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CONTRIBUTIONS

mineral sets

Contibutions can be made at https://www.rmag.org/i4a/ams/publicLogin.cfm for RMAG members RMAG Foundation | 910 16th Street Mall, Suite 1214 | Denver, CO 80202

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Vol. 64, No. 6 | www.rmag.org