OUTCROP Newsletter of the Rocky Mountain Association of Geologists
Volume 70 • No. 1 • January 2021
The Rocky Mountain Association of Geologists
2020 Summit Sponsors PLATINUM SPONSOR
GOLD SPONSORS
SILVER SPONSORS
OUTCROP The Rocky Mountain Association of Geologists
1999 Broadway • Suite 730 • Denver, CO 80202 • 800-970-7624 The Rocky Mountain Association of Geologists (RMAG) is a nonprofit organization whose purposes are to promote interest in geology and allied sciences and their practical application, to foster scientific research and to encourage fellowship and cooperation among its members. The Outcrop is a monthly publication of the RMAG.
2021 OFFICERS AND BOARD OF DIRECTORS PRESIDENT
2nd VICE PRESIDENT-ELECT
Cat Campbell ccampbell@caminoresources.com
Mark Millard millardm@gmail.com
PRESIDENT-ELECT
SECRETARY
Rob Diedrich rdiedrich75@gmail.com
Jessica Davey jessica.davey@sproule.com
1st VICE PRESIDENT
TREASURER
Nathan Rogers nathantrogers@gmail.com
Rebecca Johnson Scrable rebecca.johnson@bpx.com
1st VICE PRESIDENT-ELECT
TREASURER ELECT
Courtney Beck Antolik courtneyantolik14@gmail.com
Mike Tischer mtischer@gmail.com
2nd VICE PRESIDENT
COUNSELOR
Peter Kubik pkubik@mallardexploration.com
Jeff May jmay.kcrossen@gmail.com
RMAG STAFF DIRECTOR OF OPERATIONS
Kathy Mitchell-Garton kmitchellgarton@rmag.org DIRECTOR OF MEMBER SERVICES
Debby Watkins dwatkins@rmag.org CO-EDITORS
Courtney Beck Antolik courtneyantolik14@gmail.com Nate LaFontaine nlafontaine@sm-energy.com Wylie Walker wylie.walker@gmail.com DESIGN/LAYOUT
Nate Silva nate@nate-silva.com
ADVERTISING INFORMATION
Rates and sizes can be found on page 34. Advertising rates apply to either black and white or color ads. Submit color ads in RGB color to be compatible with web format. Borders are recommended for advertisements that comprise less than one half page. Digital files must be PC compatible submitted in png, jpg, tif, pdf or eps formats at a minimum of 300 dpi. If you have any questions, please call the RMAG office at 800-970-7624. Ad copy, signed contract and payment must be received before advertising insertion. Contact the RMAG office for details. DEADLINES: Ad submissions are the 1st of every month for the following month’s publication.
WEDNESDAY NOON LUNCHEON RESERVATIONS
RMAG Office: 800-970-7624 Fax: 323-352-0046 staff@rmag.org or www.rmag.org
The Outcrop is a monthly publication of the Rocky Mountain Association of Geologists
Vol. 70, No. 1 | www.rmag.org
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Outcrop | January 2021 OUTCROP
RMAG SHORT COURSE
SILICICLASTICS with Dr. Ali Jaffri
Module 1: Most common mistakes while tackling clastic reservoirs and how to avoid them Module 2: Clastic sequence stratigraphy
January 20-21, 2021 3 hours/day ~ morning sessions
ONLINE RMAG Members: $150 Non-Members: $185 Register at www.rmag.org email: staff@rmag.org | phone: 800.970.7624 OUTCROP | January 2021
1999 Broadway, Suite 730, Denver CO 80202
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fax: 323.352.0046 | web: www.rmag.org Vol. 70, No. 1 | www.rmag.org
follow: @rmagdenver
OUTCROP Newsletter of the Rocky Mountain Association of Geologists
CONTENTS FEATURES
DEPARTMENTS
12 Lead Story: Resource Library Revitalization
6 RMAG December 2020 Board of Directors Meeting
24 Mineral Of The Quarter: Adamite
8 President’s Letter 20 Online Lunch Talk: Stephen Nalley
ASSOCIATION NEWS
22 Online Lunch Talk: Dave Runyon
2 RMAG Summit Sponsors
32 In The Pipeline
4 Short Course: Siliciclastics
32 Welcome New RMAG Members!
7 MiT Webinar Series: PostCorona Oil Industry
34 Outcrop Advertising Rates
9 MiT Webinar Series: View the 2020 Sessions!
36 Advertiser Index
COVER PHOTO Billy the geologist examines Precambrian strata in the mountains of Glacier National Park, MT Photo by Nate LaFontaine
36 Calendar
11 RMAG January Trivia Night 21 Short Course: Carbonates 35 Publish with The Mountain Geologist
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RMAG DECEMBER BOARD OF DIRECTORS MEETING By Jessica Davey, Secretary jessica.davey@sproule.com
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planning virtual and in-person field trips for 2021. The Educational Outreach Committee reports having a good year despite challenges engaging people in person; the committee page on the RMAG website is being updated, so check it out if you have some time. So the new saying lately about crazy things occurring is “that’s so 2020!” There have been a few geo-related events that have made the headlines lately that I feel are “so 2020.” Have you been following the appearances of the monoliths? The first reported sighting was in Utah by the Utah Division of Wildlife Resources, and looks like a scene out of 2001: A Space Odyssey. There have been a handful of subsequent monoliths that have been showing up and disappearing around the country and even internationally. This USA Today article sums up the timeline and locations of appearances documented so far: https://www.usatoday.com/story/travel/news/2020/12/08/ monolith-timeline-appearances-disappearances-around-world/6491015002/. Another “of course this is happening in 2020” event that just hit the headlines early this morning (December 21) is the Kilauea volcano eruption. NPR reports with links to Hawaii Volcanoes NPS and USGS Volcanoes social media updates: https:// www.npr.org/2020/12/21/948715787/hawaiis-kilauea-volcano-erupts-on-big-island. This eruption is the first in two years, and has put the Big Island under a red alert with rapidly changing conditions. Despite the “that’s so 2020” events, this has been a wonderful year to be part of the RMAG Board of Directors; I look forward to the second half of my two-year term in 2021 with the new Board of Directors members, and look forward to being able to safely see all of you in person soon! I wish you a happy and prosperous 2021!
Can I just say, I am so happy we are at the end of 2020! This has been such a crazy and awful year in so many ways, and I’m ready to look back on it with (not-so) fond memories. Though I have to admit, there have been some fairly fantastic things that have taken place during the year, and one of them was how quickly RMAG transitioned to virtual events and created an online community for the members. We’ve been able to attend virtual luncheon talks, fun trivia events, online courses and symposia, and even the Geohike Challenge scavenger hunt! The 2020 RMAG Board of Directors met virtually (for the last time, sigh!) at 4 pm on Wednesday, December 16. Everyone was present for the meeting. This last meeting for the group was very productive; the 2021 budget was voted on and approved, and some decisions were made for planning in-person events for the latter half of 2021 (yay!). Treasurer, Chris Eisinger, and Treasurer-Elect, Rebecca Johnson Scrable, report that the RMAG financials remain strong, and the Board of Directors are happy that despite the lack of events in 2020, the overall finances for the year-end are looking good. Debby and Kathy continue to manage the RMAG office functions safely from their homes. The Continuing Education rounded a great lineup of virtual lunches with the December 9th talk featuring Tyler Lyson and Ian Miller. The committee has lunch talks lines up through April, along with some fantastic short course offerings. Keep an eye on the RMAG website for updates and announcements. The Membership Committee took December off and will reconvene in January to start planning for 2021. The Publications Committee is seeking a new committee member in addition to a volunteer to help add DOIs to back issues of the Mountain Geologist. If you have time to help out, that would be hugely appreciated! The On the Rocks Committee is busy
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Vol. 70, No. 1 | www.rmag.org
Webinar Series Members in Transition
2021
Visit Petroleum Pivoters for more resources!
Rockies Members in Transition (MiT) is a joint effort of members of AAPG, COGA, CU Global Energy Manament, DERL, DIPS, DWLS, RMAG, SPE, WENCO, WGA, and WOGA in the Rocky Mountain region to help association members in the midst of a career transition.
Jan. 14 12pm-1pm
Webinars are free and open to all
“Post-Corona Oil
Register at www.rmag.org
Industry: Emerging Divides and the Place of Geoscience” Dr. Rasoul Sorkhabi Moderated by Terri Olson
Rockies MiT Members in Transition
Vol. 70, No. 1 | www.rmag.org
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PRESIDENT’S LETTER By Cat Campbell
WE LAUGHED ... WE CRIED ... WE ZOOMED ... WE SURVIVED
#2020
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relevant in the post-COVID world as a society and for the community as a whole. In order to accomplish this, I will be looking to three key areas for 2021.
Well, 2021, let’s do this! I want to begin my first opportunity to reach out to the RMAG as your president with an message of gratitude for our members for trusting me in this role and to express to you that I embrace this opportunity with eagerness. We will be celebrating RMAG’s 99th year in 2021; what a unique opportunity to honor our traditions and history while also positioning RMAG to continue to thrive well into the future. Everything about our way of life was tested this year, from homeschooling our kids while working full time to watching the people we care about fight a horrible virus, and the incredible economic challenges, including the fleeing of capital from the petroleum industry and the resulting layoffs. This was a challenging year for RMAG as well, but we were fortunate enough to be able to pivot into the digital space and continue to serve our members to the best of our abilities. Thanks to the incredible efforts of the RMAG staff, board and volunteers, we hosted nine lunches and a total of 22 virtual events. RMAG’s successes have been noted by other industry societies and we are becoming a model for continuing to reach out to members with events during this trying time. Now let’s talk about what’s next. Time to get excited for a new year of geology, talks, events, and maybe even a real hug. As your president, I want to focus on what makes RMAG unique and what can allow us stay
RMAG NUTS AND BOLTS
• Let’s get back to the basics of what drives RMAG and apply these ideals to the new landscape we find ourselves navigating. We will look to continue promoting interest in geology and allied sciences and disseminating geologic information, but with the virtual twist, making the most of the opportunities available with the global reach of the online world. One idea I am pursuing is making RMAG a place you can send your geologic questions. We started an Instagram account @askageologist and an RMAG email where anyone can send photos or questions of a geologic nature, and we will find the right person to answer them. (Looking for volunteers for this!) • Our members make RMAG what it is today. We will continue to support this community, but with the awareness that times are changing and many members are looking for new employment opportunities. We have the Members in Transition program going strong, and will continue to expand RMAG’s reach into the broader community of the geosciences beyond our silo of petroleum.
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Webinar Series 2020 Members in Transition
View the 2020 Sessions!
Rockies Members in Transition (MiT) is a joint effort of members of AAPG, COGA, CU GEM, DERL, DIPS, DWLS, RMAG, SPE, WEN-CO, WGA, and WOGA in the Rocky Mountain region to help association members in the midst of a career transition.
(click on the date to view video or go to the RMAG website for more information) May 21, 2020 Thriving in the New World: Strengthen, Diversify, Innovate Susan Morrice & Susan Nash June 16, 2020 Building the Future of Energy with O&G Expertise: Planning Your Geothermal Pivot Jamie Beard, GEO UT Austin June 25, 2020 Pivot Yourself: Recruiters’ Perspective and Insights Raychel Duncan, Lesley Prewitt, & Elizabeth Dahill July 23, 2020 What’s Your Super Position? Jobs for Geologists Rick Fritz, AAPG President 2020-2021 July 30, 2020 Python for Data Analytics: What, Why, and How to Get Started Matt Bauer, 2M Energy, & Kathryn Mills, HackerVillage August 6, 2020 The Value of Leadership in Your Geoscience Career Denise Cox, President, Storm Energy; Past-President AAPG 2018-2019 August 27, 2020 Creating a Winning Resume Mark Friedman, Ph.D. September 10, 2020 It All Comes from the Ground: Opportunities in the Energy Transition Edith Wilson, Ph.D. September 17, 2020 What’s Next? Transitioning to Teaching Teacher Panel: Rebecca Dodge, Sarah Edwards, Paige McCown, Lloyd Sobel October 6, 2020 Getting Started with QGIS Diane Fritz, Ph.D. October 15, 2020 Pivoting to the Tech Industry: It’s Not Just About Programming Rekha Patel & Liz Arthur November 5, 2020 Net Zero Carbon Opportunity: Can We Lead This Transition? Dr. Christine Economides December 3, 2020 Geothermal Energy in Colorado: The Mt. Princeton Geothermal Project Fred Henderson & Hank Held More resources for geoscientists in transition Earth Science: New Map Earth is our home planet and there is only one Earth. “Earth Science: New Map” presents the latest progress, problems, and prospects in Earth Science community, education and research. It is hosted by Dr. Rasoul Sorkhabi (University of Utah). Geoconservation: Preserving Our Heritage ~ Geoscientist Workforce for the Future ~ Hydrocarbons, Geoscience and the Energy Transition Vol. 70, No. 1 | www.rmag.org
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PRESIDENT’S LETTER
RELATIONSHIPS WITH LOCAL MUSEUMS AND GEOLOGIC GROUPS • The Rockies are an incredible place for geology, and there are so many opportunities to explore and to learn about our corner of the world. We are working with local museums and groups to create a network of geoscience relationships to increase awareness of events and to work together and support each other. For example, we are working with
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Dinosaur Ridge to host a movie night once we are able to all be in the same room again. This initiative will be looking for volunteers as well!
DIVERSITY AND INCLUSION
• RMAG hosted an Unconscious Bias/Implicit Bias workshop this year and it was a success. We don’t want to lose the momentum on this important topic. RMAG is working to consider Diversity and Inclusion in speakers, events, and outreach in the community. Again, we are always looking for new ideas on this and encourage you to contact us. I want to close with a personal thank you to our 2020 board and staff: Jane, Ben, Dan, Donna, Chris, Jessica, Nate, Pete, Rebecca, Kathy, and Debby, it has been a heck of a year and an honor working with each of you. Your efforts got us through one of the strangest and most trying times I’ve ever seen, and you did it with a great attitude. Looking forward to more RMAG adventures with you!
RMAG Virtual
1/27/21 @ 4:30pm More new questions!
FREE & Open to all! Register today at www.rmag.org
email: staff@rmag.org | phone: 800.970.7624 Vol. 70, No. 1 | www.rmag.org 1999 Broadway, Suite 730, Denver CO 80202
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MC’d by RMAG member Chantel Maybach
fax: 323.352.0046 | web:| www.rmag.org OUTCROP January 2021 follow: @rmagdenver
LEAD STORY
RESOURCE LIBRARY REVITALIZATION BY AMANDA KOHN
The Denver Earth Resources Library (DERL) first opened its doors January 2, 1987. This seemingly innocuous event opened the doors for independent explorers to set their careers in motion. The knowledge and opportunity found at the library gave ambitious explorers the tools needed to develop hundreds of plays, drill thousands of wells, and, in discovering new fields, generate billions in wealth. There are numerous stories of the library enriching people’s lives through data and connection. The example and anecdotes below just begin to document how DERL is invaluable to our community. the library houses original data with handwritten details, logs and well files that can not be found anywhere else and adds value in utilizing your connections! Zane Kuenzler, current DERL Board President, made an unexpected discovery at the library with his partner Jake Flora. They were reviewing Eastern Colorado well files and found a handwritten mudlog with a notation that described six hundred feet of free oil in a DST. The zone had never been completed and the well was plugged with casing in place. Further
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BELOW: We have historical production data for the Rockies, Midwest and Texas, among others.
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LEAD STORY industry events. Many can attest to the benefits of the strong network that was built around the library. The library was used as an office space for many, especially during industry dips when geologists needed access to affordable data and a desk away from home. Current membership also includes a ‘hot desk’, akin to the original WeWork concept, but with data and a knowledgeable industry network. The connections created at the library eventually developed into business partners and often lifelong friendships. Library members have shown up to support each other by unexpectedly attending at graduations and offering help throughout life’s events. There are many partnerships, prospects and success that have been made by DERL members. These positive connections are reasons to reach out to the library and share your stories. 2021 marks the start of a library history collection project. We would love to record your stories, successes and memories made at the library. The pillars of Denver’s early geologic community, who were among the most innovative geologists, became the biggest patrons and benefactors of the library. They contributed not only critical financial backing but donated invaluable prospecting data and well files and provided mentoring. The library is working towards recognizing these individuals and preserving their stories, among our numerous data preservation projects. Our way of exploration has continually changed, but the role of oil and gas will remain prominent. DERL needs to evolve and grow with the ever-changing roles and responsibilities of the geoscientists and the technologies they need. The library met the needs of professionals in the 1980’s, but the role of the exploration geologist has seen an incredible shift, in both the technologies used and their way of working, as the shale revolution reduced the need for exploration. The horizontal drilling technologies dramatically changed the capital required to get involved in the industry. It forced many who were focused on low-cost vertical wells out of the now highcost leases. As the economics for horizontal drilling change, intrepid explorers are venturing back into
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research through plat books at the library revealed the mineral owner was a known colleague. A phone call was immediately made and the mineral owner gave them the lease for no bonus. The only provision was that if the well came on as a producer a $5,000 future payment would be required. The well was successfully recompleted in 2011 and has made approximately 50,000 barrels of oil to date. The library can also claim responsibility for providing unique data for several prospects that led to discoveries of new fields in North Dakota and Colorado. Often well logs and files make their way to DERL without getting recorded bye the state or other entities, meaning that we have the only copy available! We are continually adding historic data to our collections, and new donations are now being recorded digitally. Examples of our exclusive data are numerous. A Denver operator discovered and scanned several thousand well logs in the DJ Basin that were not available through the COGCC or other data providers. Another operator was recently able to go through scout cards from the 1930’s to refine the oil column in an older field in Western Colorado. We also house Colorado production data back to the 1890’s, while the data online only dates to late 1990’s. The stories that defined the success of the library began in 1980’s and easily could have happened in Oklahoma City or Houston, but they happened here! The library was named by many company leaders as a reason to keep an office in Denver. They knew there was an inherent need to be close to the physical data. DERL was formed by a forward-thinking committee of RMAG volunteers dedicated to keeping data collections in Denver and available to the industry. Having a centralized data location made the library a bustling industry hub! It was the place to be and where you could always find a roster of regulars ready to discuss the latest play and grab a drink. We still have groups of regulars that meet for coffee, and there is still a drink in a closet if you know where to look. I am looking forward to revitalizing the library, bringing us to the forefront of your technical discussions, providing software and data, and being the place where you can always find a friend to discuss the latest OUTCROP | January 2021
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LEAD STORY
Lots of nooks for working, and we have computers with dual monitors setup. Come grab a workspace today! latest industry events. To achieve these goals, we are releasing a three-phase revitalization, bringing new life to the data we house and creating a new generation of successful geoscientists. Phase One will focus on renovating our current space, creating a community hub for our industry and those interested in earth sciences. We own a unique 13,000 sq. ft. space in the historic Equitable Building located at 17th and Stout. Downtown Denver has always served as the epicenter of oil and gas exploration for the West. This makes the library the ideal location for showing prospects, making deals, and meeting colleagues. We will solidify our status
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vertical drilling and recompletions. To become essential again to our members we must revitalize our organization. This means updating our microfiche machines, scanning, and computing equipment, and creating a digital data management system. We are redefining our mission, values, and strategic plan to better serve our community. My goal is to further enrich the unique trove we have at the library. I feel fortunate to be in a position to help revitalize the library in re-establishing its role at the forefront of your technical discussions, providing software and data, and being the place where you can always find a friend to discuss the Vol. 70, No. 1 | www.rmag.org
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LEAD STORY 2021, just in time for everyone to get back to face-toface meetings. You can follow all our updates on our LinkedIn page here and by signing up for our newsletter here. Phase wo will be our focus in 2022 but is already in the works. We are creating a digital catalog of our data and adding a map-based interface to our website. Digitizing is a daunting task considering the library includes several million data items. We will be focusing on curating our collections to maximize our most valuable and unique items, including well logs and production data that cannot be found through state websites or any data distributors. Many library patrons find that the details written by the original site geologist on our paper data provide insights that make a prospect.
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as an industry hub by creating a nearly 1,300 sq. ft. classroom and event space, along with expanding our current conference room. This will upgrade both rooms to today’s audio/visual standards. This space will serve the library in a multitude of ways. First, it will diversify revenue streams. It will allow us to rent space to groups looking for an affordable workshop, luncheon, and happy hour space! We can bring in catering companies and we are working with several geologist-owned breweries to donate taps. Secondly, our event space will increase our exposure to the current generation of geologists. Many in the industry are not familiar with the hidden gems that lie within the data that cannot easily be accessed online. The renovations are slated for completion in Q2
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BELOW: DERL has a complete set of scout ticket data for the Rockies and Kansas. The DST, IP and other data found on the cards offers an enormous insight into the well, even if it never became a producer.
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LEAD STORY
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PHASE 1: REBUILD
While pioneering explorers have set themselves apart by discovering the hidden secrets of the library, we are working to make the collections easier to access. An interactive map of our collections is continually updated and can be found at derl.org. We are also upgrading our technologies and are partnering with software providers to offer petrophysical analysis along with advanced mapping tools. Pioneering startup software and data companies are working with the library to offer trial versions and advanced demonstrations of their products next year. Our most heavily-used and antiqued equipment, the microfiche machines, are getting a state-of-theart refresh in January 2021. We will be adding a digital microfiche and tape reader. This new machine will be able to quickly scan our collection at high-resolution, creating files that can then be converted to searchable documents with the addition of OCR software. Users will also be able to scan and digitize well logs. This adds an immense value to our microfilm data. Phase Three Saving our best for last, our most ambitious and by far most exciting project has us transforming an underutilized area of the library into an energy education and geology-focused museum. This will require extensive fundraising and developing partnerships with key leaders in our industry. A centrally located energy education and geology museum allows the library to further diversify our revenue streams, opens more options for granting opportunities and brings greater exposure to the library. The museum aims to attract school groups and tourists interested in geology and to educate the public about the benefits that oil and gas brings to everyday life. Our industry needs to continually reach out and provide energy education. A museum can help dispel myths surrounding our industry and provide a better perspective on the power that petroleum products have to change our way of living. I invite you to come to the library to discuss the museum plans, budget and how you can support this immense effort to bring energy education to our community.
Equips the library with a spacious classroom and conference space, creating adaptive work-spaces § Diversifies our revenue streams and strengthens our financial position, through increased space utilization Estimated Costs: $140,000 §
PHASE 2: RESTRUCTURE
Increase data accessibility via online databases, allowing for managed off-site downloads and purchase to a wider audience § Curate a unique data experience that showcases exploration history of the Rockies Estimated Costs: ~$170,000 §
PHASE 3: REACH OUT
Develop an energy and geoscience education museum, with a dual focus on oil and gas exploration in the Rockies as well as geology nearby tourist destinations Estimated Costs: ~$425,000 §
For more project details visit us at d e r l . o r g / r e v i t a l i ze
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LEAD STORY your gift in a way that is most beneficial and meaningful to you and your organization. Some options include sponsorships, marketing acknowledgements, and naming rights. Few realize the use of the library is not limited to oil and gas exploration. Companies and universities are utilizing our data for ore deposit, uranium and helium exploration, geothermal evaluations, and research. The Denver Museum of Nature and Science
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In the early 2000’s the library boasted more than 250 members. Currently we count fewer than 80 resilient explorers as members. The library will evolve to remain a vital hub within our industry, but evolution will not be enough without the strong support of our patrons and friends. We need individuals and companies to support our revitalization projects by committing to donations for each phase. The library will work with each contributor to recognize
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1,300 Sq ft
Holds 50 students in classroom set up
Dual display screens and teaching podium
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has utilized our well data for collection studies. The museum, as well as area universities, can utilize library data free of charge as we work to strengthen these mutually beneficial relationships. We are dedicated to providing data for all groups looking for earth science information. Data coverage is not limited to Colorado. We have extensive collections that cover the Rockies and Midwest. Our most utilized collections include Kansas and New Mexico. We also have reciprocal relationships with other log libraries and are looking to add digital subscription services in the future. Looking ahead, we are offering several workshops in 2021. The first will focus on introducing prospecting to a new generation by covering the basics of data gathering to prospect generation and leasing. We will also be partnering to offer geothermal webinars. If there are other workshops you would like to explore, please reach out to Amanda Kohn. DERL membership is $1,800 annually for an individual. This includes access to all data, technology and can serve as your hub while downtown. We offer amenities similar to a WeWork at about a third of the cost. (WeWork’s closest location charges over $4,500 annually for a hot desk.) Please join the library as a member in 2021! Volunteers are always needed! We have a variety of projects to work on including database creation, social media marketing to researching antique books and maps. If you have time, we can put you to work! Please consider donating to the library, as even small contributions will immediately help us work towards our larger goals! We need your support to continue to provide low-cost data and services. As you move or close offices contact the library regarding data donations. Your unique files can help others build fresh prospects. We are always open to ideas and want your thoughts on how we can best serve our community. Please contact the library with suggestions. From subscriptions to workshops–let us know what you need or what you think we need. Contact me directly at akohn@derl.org or 303-825-5614–I’d love to meet with you! Thank you for your interest and support. Vol. 70, No. 1 | www.rmag.org
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Contact and
YO U C A N H E L P !
Contact Amanda Kohn for more information GSA geotime scaleyou colors and to discuss how can make a difference. above akohn@derl.org Or ‘DERL’ 303-825-5614 colors to the
right?
Well Log Digitizing • Petrophysics Petra® Projects • Mud Log Evaluation Bill Donovan
Geologist • Petroleum Engineer • PE
(720) 351-7470 donovan@petroleum-eng.com
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ONLINE LUNCH TALK Speaker: Stephen Nalley January 13, 2021 | 12:00 pm - 1:00 pm
FREE! BERS MEM Y ONL
The Future of Energy in 2021 By Stephen Nalley, Deputy Administrator of the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) Stephen Nalley will present an overview of EIA’s January 2021 Short-Term Energy Outlook (STEO), which is scheduled to be released on January 12, 2021. STEO is EIA’s monthly forecast of U.S. energy supply, consumption, prices, and energy-related CO2 emissions with a 13-24 month forecast horizon. EIA also forecasts global petroleum supply, consumption, and crude oil prices in the STEO. The January STEO will provide EIA’s expanded outlook and a forecast through 2022 for the first time. STEPHEN NALLEY is EIA’s second-incommand and top career official and works closely with the Administrator to provide leadership, planning, and direction to fulfill the agency’s role as the nation’s premier source of independent, impartial energy information. He oversees a wide range of statistical, analysis, and dissemination activities that enable the mission. He also serves as a primary spokesperson for the agency, representing EIA in key government and industry forums. Stephen has more than 35 years of public- and private-sector experience as an energy professional, Steve brings a wealth of expertise in petroleum and natural gas markets and data operations to EIA’s leadership team. He has demonstrated a long-standing commitment to sustaining EIA’s relevance with key stakeholders, including policy makers, market participants, industry, and the public at-large. As EIA’s Acting Assistant Administrator for Energy Analysis, Steve
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kept EIA’s forecasts and projections apace with energy trends and markets, for example, expanding renewable energy scenarios in the Annual Energy Outlook and enhancing EIA’s coverage of electricity issues in the International Energy Outlook. Steve’s previous experience includes three years as EIA’s Assistant Administrator for Resources and Technology Management, during which he implemented IT governance practices aligned to industry standards, upgraded the agency’s IT infrastructure to improve operability and security, and enhanced EIA’s posture with regard to continuity of operations. Steve’s business acumen also includes his experience as the Director of EIA’s Office of Planning, Budget, Procurement, and Evaluation, where he guided the agency’s budget formulation and execution activities, oversaw acquisition strategy, and coordinated EIA’s strategic planning
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and program evaluation initiatives. Steve spent more than six years leading EIA’s Natural Gas Survey Data Team as a supervisory Energy Economist, where he monitored legislative and industry changes to expand data coverage, improved process efficiency, and ensured the overall quality of EIA’s natural gas statistics. Before joining federal service, Steve was a program manager for a government contractor, where he managed a broad portfolio of energy data and analysis operations and related IT development. In this role, he established the system and methodology that brought the Weekly Natural Gas Storage Report, a Principal Federal Economic Indicator, into EIA’s product portfolio. He also worked as a private-sector petroleum data analyst and quality assurance director. Steve received a BA in Political Science from the University of Maryland.
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RMAG SHORT COURSE
CARBONATES with Dr. Ali Jaffri
Module 1: How to approach carbonate reservoirs Module 2: Carbonate sequence stratigraphy
February 17-18, 2021 3 hours/day ~ morning sessions
ONLINE
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This Global presentation will focus heavily on Surface Geology exposures—expressions--relationships, and the direct interplay of Halokenesis with surrounding geology. Salt is Mother Nature’s best reservoir seal and controls many of the World’s largest oil fields. Examples shown from multiple seasons of field mapping, with numerous aerial photos from conventional aircraft, Drones, and satellite imagery. Consider oil field examples,
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Mallard Exploration is a Denver-based upstream Oil & Gas Exploration and Production company focused on the DJ Basin of Colorado. We are building a successful business with strong ethics, hard work and industry-leading technology.
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MINERAL OF THE QUARTER By Ronald L. Parker Senior Geologist, Senior Geologist, Borehole Image Specialists, 6564 S. Heritage Place E. Centennial, CO | ron@bhigeo.com
ADAMITE Fluorescent Lemon Drop
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Aggregate mass of sparkling, translucent lemon-yellow adamite crystals. These crystals fluoresce bright green under UV light (see next photograph). Mass stands 5 cm tall. From Mina Ojuela, Mapimi, Durango, Mexico. Photo with permission from John Betts Fine Minerals.
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MINERAL OF THE QUARTER: ADAMITE One of my favorite purchases that day was from AJ Lafortune (LaFortunate Minerals, Durango, CO). It was a sparkling thumbnail of translucent, yellow-green adamite that looked like a lemon drop tucked into a mini baseball mitt of orange and brown iron oxides. It was from the famous Ojuela mine in Mapimi, Durango, Mexico. Perhaps because the event was winding down, the piece was half-off the marked price of $10. What really attracted my interest was the adamite’s fluorescence. (Several years ago, I was at the same Gem and Mineral show, and I encountered someone who was brandishing a small handheld UV flashlight to make certain minerals “pop” with fluorescence. I liked that, a lot, so I ordered one - a Convoy S2+, 265 nm LW UV light - online). Poised in front of the adamite at this year’s show, my UV light caused the adamite to flareup with a bright, neon, yellow-green fluorescence. I gave AJ my 5 bucks. Adamite was named after Gilbert-Joseph Adam, a 19th French Mineralogist who first described it in 1866 from a discovery in the Dolores mine Chanarcillo, Copiapo Province, Atacama Region, Chile (Farndon and Parker, 2011; Jones, 2011). In 1956, an isostructural
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Adamite, hydrous zinc arsenate - Zn2AsO4(OH), is a secondary mineral found in the oxidized weathering zone of arsenic-bearing zinc deposits. Adamite, once considered rare, is now more plentiful. Adamite occurs in many colors (clear, yellow, green, magenta, purple, brown) that reflect transition metal impurities. Adamite exhibits a complete solid solution series with olivenite, Cu2AsO4(OH). Intermediate compositions between the Zn and Cu end-members, formerly called a variety of names, are now identified as zincolivenite. A prominent physical property of adamite is bright, yellow-green UV fluorescence. Fluorescence is quenched by increases in Cu content. Although adamite is known from worldwide occurrence, the Ojuela mine (Mapimi, Durango, Mexico) is the most significant source of well-crystallized, fluorescent adamite. This year I was pleased to be able to attend the Denver Gem and Mineral show, in spite of the COVID-19 pandemic. I was heartened to observe that every attendee was required to wear a face covering, that numbers were limited and that social distancing was effective. I went on the second Saturday of the event so I was hoping to find some deals. And, I did.
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Illuminated by my long-wave (365 nm) UV flashlight, this small fragment fluoresces a brilliant yellow-green. Photos by Ronald L. Parker.
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Two beautiful and unusual bi-color adamite euhedra on an iron-oxide and oxyhydroxide gossan remnant. From the Santa Eulalia District, Aquiles Serdan, Chihuahua, Mexico. Photo used with permission from John Betts Fine Minerals.
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MINERAL OF THE QUARTER: ADAMITE
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manganese analogue of adamite was discovered, Mn22+AsO4(OH). This new mineral was named eveite, completing the Garden of Eden theme (Cook, 2001). Eveite is rare, but exceptional, because half of the Mn2+ cations are in 5-fold coordination, a previously undocumented, and vanishingly rare, configuration in the mineral kingdom (Moore and Smyth, 1968). Adamite was first discovered in the United States in 1916 from the Tintic District of Utah, then at Cedar Mountain, Mineral County, Nevada and later at Gold Hill, Tooele Count, Utah (Murdoch, 1936). Adamite is an uncommon mineral. Or is it? As Jones (2011) proffers, adamite WAS uncommon – even rare – until the Ojuela mine in Mapimi, DuThis is the thumbnail adamite I bought for $5 from AJ LaFortune at the Denver Gem rango, Mexico began extracting and Mineral Show in September of 2019. (It was half price)! In white light the small huge quantities. adamite is a translucent, yellow-green baseball snagged in an iron-oxide catcher’s mitt. Adamite occurs in a variety of colors including yellow, orange-yellow, honey-yellow, yellow-green, pale yellow, brownish-yellow, brown, violet, magenta, parallel to the b-crystallographic axis (Johnsen, 2002). pale green, vibrant lime-green, white or even colorThe radiating habit can often yield an outer surless (Cook, 2001; Southwood et al., 2020). Adamite, of face that has botryoidal appearance, even creating any color or color blend, often occurs as transparent golf ball-like masses (Jones, 2011). In 1956, a triclinto translucent crystals (Johnsen, 2002). The colorless ic dimorph of adamite was discovered, subsequentvariety of adamite is compositionally pure. Colored ly named paradamite (Switzer, 1956). The structural adamites contain transition metal impurities that alter difference between adamite and paradamite lies in the their color: iron turns the mineral yellow, cobalt imcoordination of the Zn (Hawthorne, 1976). Adamite is parts a pinkish hue, copper turns adamite green and a soft mineral, having a hardness of 3.5, which permits purple adamites are manganese-enriched (Haynes, it to leave a white to pale green streak. Specific gravi2008; Farndon and Parker, 2011). ty is 4.4. There is one perfect cleavage on {101}, poor Adamite is orthorhombic, crystallizing in the 2/ cleavage on {010} and a brittle fracture. Adamite exm2/m2/m (dipyramidal) crystal class. Crystal habits hibits a range of lusters, described variously as resinare developed by elongation on [010], [001 and rarely on [100]. Adamite commonly occurs as blunt-ended ous, vitreous or adamantine (Johnsen, 2002). or chisel-tipped, wedge-like prisms in druses, crusts Adamite forms a complete solid solution series or granular aggregates (Dana and Ford, 1922; Cook, with olivenite (Cu2AsO4(OH). Although some referenc2001; Farndon and Parker, 2011). Sometimes crystals es indicated that adamite is isostructural with oliveappear as fan-shaped rosettes or radiating aggregates nite (Hill, 1976), this is now disproven - olivenite is composed of prismatic crystals that are elongated CONTINUED ON PAGE 27
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MINERAL OF THE QUARTER: ADAMITE
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monoclinic. The change in symmetry from orthorhombic to monoclinic occurs at ~80 mole% copper (Southwood et. al., 2020). The range of compositions intermediate between adamite (Zn) and olivenite (Cu) end-members spawned a variety of names in the mineral community (cuproadamite, cuprian adamite, zinc olivenite and zincian olivenite), These names were based on qualitative properties, not compositional analyses. In 2006, the International Mineralogical Association (IMA) addressed nomenclatural irregularity by approving a new mineral species – zincolivenite, ZnCuAsO4(OH), which, like adamite, is orthorhombic. Although ideal zincolivenite has 50 mole% Zn and 50 mole% Cu, the compositional range of zincolivenite is defined as 25 mole% to 75 mole% Cu. Southwood et al. (2020) show that the relative percentage of copper in zincolivenites from the Tsumeb mine can be estimated by color. They determined that low Cu zincolivenite is pale (spearmint) green, midrange Cu zincolivenite is emerald green and high Cu zincolivenite is bottle green. These color differAdamite crystal mass from the previous picture displaying bright, yellow-green ences are distinguished from the fluorescence under short-wave UV illumination. Although not all adamites fluoresce, end-members adamite (colorless, specimens from the Ojuela Mine, Mapimi, Durango, Mexico are widely regarded as the yellow, pink and brown) and olivebest to exhibit this property. nite (blackish-green). Although the most common former name for the intermediate, cuproadamite, is now pale lemon-yellow phosphorescence in short-wave uldiscredited, collectors and dealers are noted to be retraviolet radiation; a much weaker reaction is given in luctant to change specimen labeling (Southwood et. long-wave ultraviolet (p. 451). Jones (2011) notes that al., 2020). The fluorescence exhibited by adamite is variable copper-bearing adamites (zincolivenites) often do not and appears to depend upon trace element composirespond to UV illumination, the degree of fluorescence tion. Mrose et. al. (1948) describe the fluorescence of quenching increasing with increasing copper content. Ojuela Mine adamite as “a bright lemon-yellow with a CONTINUED ON PAGE 28
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MINERAL OF THE QUARTER: ADAMITE
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Adamite is associated with other secondary minerals such as hemimorphite, goethite, smithsonite, scorodite, olivenite, mimetite, wulfenite, azurite, malachite, calcite, quartz, and iron and manganese oxides and oxyhydroxides (Cook, 2001; Mineral Data Publishing, 2005). In one adamite mine (Ojuela), the primary mineralization was composed of large emplacements of arsenic-bearing sulfides (arsenopyrite, pyrite, sphalerite and argentiferous galena) into a carbonate country rock (Mrose et. al., 1948; Cook, 2001). Notable global adamite occurrences include: ancient mines at Laurium, Greece; Cap Garonne, France; Thin-bladed crystals on a calcite(?) matrix from the Tsumeb Mine, Otavi-Bergland Cumbria, England; Tyrol, Austria; ReDistrict, Oshikoto, Namibia. Photo with permission from John Betts Fine Minerals. ichenbach, Baden, Germany; Mount Valerio, Tuscany, Italy; Isle of Thasos, Turkey; Ain Achour, near Guelma, was saved in quantity.” (p 17). Cook (2001) suggests Constantine, Algeria; Tsumeb, near Otavi, South Africa; that adamite would be a boring secondary mineral if Broken Hill, New South Wales, Australia and, the type not for the Ojuela mine, a “location that has been the locality at Chanarcillo, Atacama, Chile (Dana and Ford, source of a seemingly endless supply of exceptionally 1922; Cook, 2001). beautiful specimens for at least four decades.” (p. 40). By far, the most important locality for adamite has Jones even suggests that the flow of mineral richness to be the Ojuela Mine in Mapimi, in the state of Duranfrom the Ojuela mine undid the previous considergo, Mexico. This mine is thought to have provided 95% ation that adamite is a rare mineral. The sample that I of the world’s best adamite specimens (Cook, 2001). bought for $5 at the Denver Gem and Mineral Show is When Mrose et. al., (1948) wrote about the Ojuela from the Ojuela mine. mine in 1946, it was one of the largest mines in MexIn the United States, adamite is known from: the ico, having been the site of rich silver ore extraction Sterling Hill mine, New Jersey; the Funeral Mountains, since 1600. Farndon and Parker (2011) describe the the Amargosa Range, Inyo County, California; Cedar Mapimi district. “Mapimi is a limestone replacement Mountain, Mineral County, Nevada, Coconino County, deposit rich in rare arsenic minerals. Here, adamite Arizona; the Tuckerville District, Hinsdale County, Colis found not with limonite but in yellow straws and orado and, from the Gold Hill mine in Tooele County, sprays with hemimorphite, austinite and rare minUtah. (Cook, 2001; Farndon and Parker, 2011). erals such as legrandite and paradimite. All the best Adamite, a treasured, glowing addition to specimens of fluorescent adamite come from this locamy collection. tion” (p 206). At this locality, the upper oxidized zone is over 1,000’ thick. As Jones (2011) recounts about adamite from Ojuela, “When the mine was working, the number of specimens coming forth was virtually countless and box after box of this fine mineral
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WEBLINKS
• https://www.minerals.net/mineral/adamite.aspx
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MINERAL OF THE QUARTER: ADAMITE
ABOVE, BOTTOM RIGHT: Hemispherical crust of lustrous yellow adamite from the Gold Hill Mine, Tooele County, Utah. This adamite mass fluoresces bright green under short-wave UV light. Photo with permission from John Betts Fine Minerals. LEFT: Elongate, green, copper-enriched adamite (zincolivenite) crystal from the Tsumeb Mine, Otavi-Berglund District, Oshikoto, Namibia. Crystal is 1.7 cm in long dimension. Photo with permission from John Betts Fine Minerals. BOTTOM LEFT: Radiating, transparent yellow, prismatic adamite aggregates filling cavities in red-brown iron oxide gossan. From the Ojuela mine, Mapimi, Durango, Mexico. This specimen displays strong fluorescence. Photo with permission from John Betts Fine Minerals.
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MINERAL OF THE QUARTER: ADAMITE
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• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adamite • https://www.mindat.org/min-21.html • http://www.handbookofmineralogy.com/pdfs/ adamite.pdf • http://webmineral.com/data/Adamite.shtml#. X9qawdhKiHs • http://www.galleries.com/adamite
REFERENCES
Bonewitz, Ronald Louis, 2008, Rock and Gem: The Definitive Guide to Rocks, Minerals, Gems and Fossils, New York, New York: Dorling-Kindersley Limited, 360 pp. Cook, Robert B., 2001, Connoisseur’s Choice: Adamite, Ojuela Mine, Mapimi, Durango, Mexico, Rocks & Minerals, 74(1): 40-42. Dana, Edward Salisbury and William E. Ford, 1922, A Textbook of Mineralogy, Third Edition, New York, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 720 pp. Farndon, John and Steve Parker, 2011, The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Minerals, Rocks & Fossils of the World, Leicestershire, U.K.: Anness Publishing, Ltd, 512 pp. Hawthorne, F. C., 1976, A Refinement of the Crystal Structure of Adamite, Canadian Mineralogist, 14:143-148. Haynes, Patrick E., 2008, A Eulogy for the Underground Workings of the Gold Hill Mine: Tooele County, Utah, Rocks & Minerals, 83(5): 451-456. Hill, Roderick, J., 1976, The Crystal Structure and Infrared Properties of Adamite, American Mineralogist, 61: 979-986. Johnsen, Ole, 2002, Minerals of the World: Princeton University Press, Princeton, N.J. 439 pp. Jones, Bob, 2011, Chapter 1: The Arsenates, in The Frugal Collector, Volume I, Ventura, Ca: J Miller Media/Miller Magazines Inc., pp. 12-23. Mineral Data Publishing, 2005, Adamite, http:// www.handbookofmineralogy.com/pdfs/adamite. pdf jAccessed 12/16/2020. Moore, Paul B. and Joseph R. Smyth, 1968, Crystal Chemistry of the Basic Manganese Arsenates: III. The Crystal Structure of Eveite, Mn2(OH)(AsO4), American Mineralogist, 53: 1841-1845.
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Lustrous honey-yellow adamite crystals in an iron oxide cavity from the Ojuela mine, Mapimi, Durango, Mexico. The crystals are rhombic prisms with chisel-shaped terminations. These crystals fluoresce bright green under short-wave UV light. Photo with permission from John Betts Fine Minerals.
Mrose, Mary E., Dan E, Mayers and Francis A. Wise, 1948, Adamite from the Ojuela Mine, Mapimi, Mexico, American Mineralogist, 33: 449-457. Murdock, Joseph, 1936, Adamite from Chloride Cliff, California, American Mineralogist, 21:811-813. Southwood, Malcolm, Martin Stevko and Paul Carr, 2020, Tsumeb: Zincolivenite and the Adamite-Olivenite Series, Rocks & Minerals, 95(3): 210-233. Switzer, G., 1956, Paradamite, a New Zinc Arsenate from Mexico, Science, 123: 1039.
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OUTCROP Newsletter of the Rocky Mountain Association of Geologists
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