May 2012 Outcrop by The Rocky Mountain Association of Geologists

OUTCROP Newsletter of the Rocky Mountain Association of Geologists

Volume 61 • No. 5 • May 2012

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Vol. 61, No. 4

April 2012

OUTCROP Newsletter of the Rocky Mountain Association of Geologists

CONTENTS Features

6 Lead Story: Welcome to Grand Junction!

20 REVIEW: Why We Hate the Oil Companies 24 AAPG Emblem Contest

association news 8 RMAG Celebrating Ninety Years of Service to the Geologic Community

Mountain Geologist 32 2012 RMAG Golf Tournament at Fossil Trace 34 Field Trip Photos from 1977

Departments 4 RMAG March Board of Directors Meeting

12 2012 Award of Excellence for Teaching of Earth Science

10 President's Column

14 Summit Sponsorship Sign Up Today

18 Luncheon Program

15 Summit Sponsors 23 Earth Scientists – Publish Your Paper in The Mountain Geologist!

16 New Members 21 In the Pipeline 35 Advertisers Index 35 Calendar of Events COVER PHOTO White House Cliff dwellings in aeolian sandstones of the Permian De Chelly Formation. Photo by Phil Winner.

26 On-the-Rocks Field Trips 28 From the May, 1977 Outcrop 29 The Outcrop Needs YOU! 30 Call for Papers: The

Volume 61 • No. 5 • May 2012 OUTCROP

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RMAG March Board of Directors Meeting

By Kimberley Alanis, Secretary (Kimberley.Alanis@qepres.com) The Board of Directors meeting was held on March 21, 2012 in the RMAG office board room. The meeting started out with a review of February’s income and expenses. I am happy to report that we are continuing to increase our income considerably from the same time last year. The increase is largely due to the sponsorship “Summit" program, along with the registration for the 3-D Seismic Symposium. Our expenses are still down from last year, as well. We plan to continue the year with a positive financial report. The Continuing Education Committee reported that they have lunch talks scheduled through June. As a reminder, in order to keep the cost to our members down, RMAG has decided to move the luncheon talks from the Marriott City Center to the Sheraton Hotel starting in June. We can look forward to the fall short course with a horizontal drilling and fracture theme in October. There is potential talk of having a “Legends of Geology” event, possibly an evening series. More details

about this potential event will follow next month. RMAG members would have the opportunity to listen to the stories and meet some of the greatest geologist in our community. Without a doubt, I would look forward to this event. For me, it would be like a young basketball player meeting Michael Jordan! The Publications Committee reported that they have sold over 130 publications this year. RMAG has decided to reduce the price of some publications during RMAG events. Please look for discounts at the RMAG table and pick up your favorite publication at a discount. The Mountain Geologist should have a couple great issues coming out shortly. For all you social media members, RMAG has created Facebook and Twitter pages. Keep your eyes out for upcoming events through them. The meeting included the approval of a couple motions, including the decision to discount some publication during RMAG events. I have to give credit to Pete Varney (President), he keeps the meeting moving and everything gets addressed resulting in another short and sweet board meeting. The RMAG Golf Tournament, which will be held on June 28th at Fossil Trace this year, sold out in 6 days. Thank you to all who have registered. We cannot wait to see you out there! The April Board of Director’s meeting was held on Wednesday, April 18th, at the University Building conference room on the 11th floor. The May meeting will be held May 16th at the same location.

LOCATION we’ll lease it, permit it, gather it and sell it

your ideas - we make them happen LEASING - PERMITTING - DAMAGES - ROW

303-279-0789 Vol. 61, No. 4

April 2012

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The Rocky Mountain Association of Geologists 910 16th Street • Suite 1125 • Denver, CO 80202 • 303-573-8621 The Rocky Mountain Association of Geologists (RMAG) is a nonprofit organization whose purposes are to promote interest in geology and allied sciences and their practical application, to foster scientific research and to encourage fellowship and cooperation among its members. The Outcrop is a monthly publication of the RMAG.

2012 Officers and Board of Directors Co-Editors Kristine Peterson k.peterson@laramidegeo.com Holly Sell hsell@nobleenergyinc.com Catherine Campbell ccampbell@bayless-cos.com

President – Pete Varney pete.varney@alumni.mines.edu

Treasurer – Larry Rasmussen larryr@whiting.com

President-Elect – Debra Higley-Feldman higley@usgs.gov

Treasurer Elect – Mike Kozimko mkozimko@yatespetroleum.com

Counselor (1 Year) – Mark D. Sonnenfeld sonnenfeld@whiting.com 1/2 Page 1/3 Page 1/6 Page Counselor (2 Year) – John Ladd 2nd Vice-President – Greg Anderson Vertical Vertical john.ladd@fmr.com ganderson@samson.com

1st Vice-President – Paul Lillis Page Full plillis@usgs.gov 2/3 Page

Secretary – Kimberly Alanis Kimberley.alanis@qepres.com

Horizontal

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LEAD STORY Welcome to Grand Junction! By Jay Scheevel, RMS AAPG 2012 General Chair

Great rocks, increased knowledge, and good friends: all good reasons to come to Grand Junction, Colorado this September 9 – 12 for the 2012 Rocky Mountain Section meeting of the AAPG. Located in the beautiful Grand Valley at the confluence of the Colorado and Gunnison Rivers in western Colorado, Grand Junction not only sits in an area surrounded by great geology, but also in an area where this great geology produces oil, gas, coal, uranium, and potash. Come join your fellow geoscientists in probing the outcrops of the area during one of our eight planned field trips. Increase your knowledge by attending one of the five short courses and attending the two and onehalf days of talks ranging from geology of the Colorado Plateau and Rocky Mountains to the exploration and exploitation of all of these resources, both conventional and unconventional. And enjoy being with friends and colleagues in the wine capital of Colorado. Grand Junction took its name from the confluence of two rivers, the Colorado (formerly the Grand) and the Gunnison (formerly the Eagle-Tail). Almost since its inception, Grand Junction has also been the confluence of many sources of economic geology, with the nearby coal, uranium, oil, gas, potash and even oil shale, arranged geographically like spokes on a wheel around the hub of Grand Junction. The economy of Grand Junction #BLLFO 5ISFF 'PSLT /JPCSBSB &BHMFGPSE has historically also been (SBOJUF 8BTI 8PPECJOF dominated by abundant 1FSNJBO )BZOFTWJMMF #BSOFUU 8PPEGPSE FUD farming and fruit cultivation, with apples, cherries, peaches and apricots now partially giving way to noble vines and the emergence of the modern “mountain” wine industry. We welcome you to join us for “Vintage Geology” in the most beautiful season Vol. 61, No. 4

in western Colorado, early September (9-12), the wine grape harvest season. Following the pre-meeting field trips, we will spend Sunday through Wednesday in quality technical sessions and informal time allowing you to connect with your colleagues from the mountain west. Following the meeting, on Thursday through Saturday of the same week you may choose to enjoy field trips and the renowned Colorado Mountain Wine Fest and spend the entire week enjoying the western slope of Colorado. Our technical sessions will include everything from the most recent work on resource plays across the west, to the sedimentary and structural architecture of the latest plays in the Rockies or the impact and future of energy minerals. Short courses will allow professionals to brush up on the latest in resource evaluation practices, unconventional reser voir petrophysics, GIS and more. The stable autumn weather and unmatched outcrop exposures will showcase our strong suite of pre- and postmeeting field trips which range from a complete E-W transect of Niobrara across the entire state of Colorado, to a float trip on the San Juan River through the Honaker Trail Fm., to the stratigraphic architecture of the Piceance and Uinta Basins, to the history and geology of Uranium, Oil Shale and Saline economic minerals, and the history of the enigmatic Unaweep Canyon. There will also be a half day “Wine and Geology” field trip that ties the terroirs and climate of the Grand Valley to the fine wines. This will bridge the RMS-AAPG meeting into the Colorado 6

April 2012

Lead Story Mountain Wine Fest. The wine events will be hosted by Master Sommelier, AAPG-RMS member, and geologist, Wayne Belding, along with local geologist, mountain wine pioneer, and owner of DeBeque Canyon Winery, Bennett Price. We will provide plenty of opportunities for informal interaction by bringing back the popular Sunday morning RMS-AAPG golf tournament at the acclaimed Redlands Mesa Golf Course, the Sunday afternoon Icebreaker, generous post-session happy hours featuring local microbrews and local wines, along with a special informal poster “chat” session featuring renowned “Vintage Geologists” of the Rocky Mountain region. We invite you to join us for our special evening of fine dining hosted at the Dinosaur Journey Museum of Western Colorado. The All-Convention luncheon will feature a special guest speaker, John Hickenlooper, the governor of the State of Colorado, who will give his deep insight into the latest in hydraulic fracturing disclosure and regulation. The DPA luncheon will feature Thomas Kerr, the director of the Colorado Oil and Gas Conservation Commission who will brief us on the current state of oil and gas activity in Colorado.

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In addition we will welcome Dr. Scott Tinker, the director of the Bureau of Economic Geology in Austin Texas, an expert on the future of energy supplies, who will host a showing of the acclaimed documentary Switch. The screening will be held at the historic Avalon theatre on Main Street in Grand Junction a short walk from the Convention Center. Our meeting will be held in the pedestrian-friendly downtown district of Grand Junction with exhibits and technical sessions at the Two Rivers Convention Center. Three of the Convention hotels are within 30-100 yards of the meeting venue and all are within close walking distance to a wealth of restaurants, night clubs, shops and the Museum of the West. Everything is just a short walk down the tree-lined Main Street from the Convention Center and the Convention Hotels. Our meeting venue is unsurpassed and will lead to a very fulfilling meeting in all respects. We hope you all can join us in September and allow us to host you for another great Rocky Mountain Section meeting! Please visit our website RMSAAPG2012.com for registration, housing, airfare discounts and all meeting details.

www.rmag.org

RMAG Celebrating Ninety Years of Service to the Geological Community

Vol. 61, No. 4

April 2012

Editors note: In honor of RMAG celebrating ninety years of service to the geologic community we are reprinting some excerpts from â&#x20AC;&#x153;vintageâ&#x20AC;? issues of the Outcrop.

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President’s Column By Pete Varney

May President's Musing than bent saplings and the method was in use early on: There is even a picture of a spring pole in Georgius Agricola’s 1556 De re Metallica. Even though drilling a well in this manner was inexpensive, the early drillers had to face one harsh reality – increased drilling cost with increasing depth. Obviously, it costs more to drill a deep well than it does a shallow well. There are fewer shallow wells drilled each year, so it follows that drilling an average-depth well today costs more than it did 50 years ago. There is some indication that increased efficiency of modern drilling methods is actually reducing the cost per foot but drilling cost is not depth linear as shown by the following example. Back in the 70s, a rough rule of thumb in a company I worked for was that dry-hole cost for an 8,000 foot Minnelusa test in the Powder River Basin was approximately $400 thousand, or $50 per foot. Later, at Impel Energy, we projected a target depth of about 19,000 feet and drilling time of about a year for our Loch Katrine #1 on the east side of Oregon Basin, Wyoming. It took two years, reached more than 20,000 feet and had a rumored cost of about $32 million – about $1600 per foot if the final cost figure is correct. Loch Katrine was a dry hole. Granted, these are different places and different times, both over 30 years ago, but the point is that deeper costs more, a lot more. So it looks like that there is good evidence that drilling costs increase in a nonlinear manner with depth. This begs the question of whether or not per-foot drilling costs have decreased, at any given depth, as the technology of drilling has improved. The Joint Association Survey on drilling costs (JAS), suggests that per-foot costs have, indeed,declined, until recently. The JAS includes work by

So far in this series, I have talked about energy

equivalents, EROI and a consideration of how we use a barrel of oil. If there is any thread that connects all of these, it is that petroleum products are indispensable to our way of life and increasingly expensive. With that in mind, let’s see if we can come up with a partial explanation for the increasing price of these products based on what it costs, on a relative basis, to drill a well. First, let’s look at a little history. Authors such as Daniel Yergin (The Prize), Ruth Sheldon Knowles (The Greatest Gamblers) and Walter Youngquist (GeoDestinies) point out that in the early days of the petroleum industry, oil was abundant and easily produced. In places such as Oklahoma, some of the earliest wells were drilled using a spring pole. Drilling depths were shallow and initial production amounts were high, occasionally very high. A spring pole is the “mainspring” of a human-powered cable tool-like drilling method. The earliest spring poles were nothing more

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April 2012

President's Column

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sometimes much greater. Further, because the wellbore “sees” more of the formation than in a vertical well, recoverable reserves can be greater and the production rate can be much higher, leading to faster return on investment (ROI). Ultimately, the question, once the rig is on location, is “what does it cost to recover a barrel of oil”? It’s looking like if a horizontal well costs two times more but recovery is three times more, drilling cost to per barrel has declined by 33%. Too, because ROI is enhanced the economic viability of the project is higher. It all of this is sounding too good to be true, remember that pre-drilling activities

such as 3D seismic surveys have added much to the overall cost of finding oil. According to the 9 April, 2012 issue of Time Magazine, it costs $45/barrel, minimum, to more than $100/barrel to recover one barrel of oil. We are more or less back to where we started. Petroleum, the indispensable material we depend upon for basic energy needs, has become more and more valuable, and expensive, partly because the finding and producing costs have increased significantly as drilling depths have increased. But, we knew that, didn’t we?

the American Petroleum Institute (API), Independent Petroleum Association of America and Mid-Continent Oil and Gas Association and is available at the Colorado School of Mines library. So far, I’ve been talking about vertical wells. What is the situation with horizontal wells? In areas with more or less horizontal formations, it seems that horizontal drilling has become the norm. According to the US Energy Information Administration, the cost of drilling a horizontal well is very roughly two times the cost of a vertical well, rule of thumb, but there is an increase in production that may be greater than three times,

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2012 Award of Excellence for Teaching of Earth Science Sponsored by the

Rocky Mountain Association of Geologists THE WINNER RECEIVES A Plaque and a $1000 Cash Award If you teach earth science in K-12 and think you qualify, contact the RMAG office at 303-573-8621 for an application. Deadline is May 4. Previous winners have used this award as a springboard to other national awards. The RMAG is a professional organization representing over 2000 earth scientists working in the Denver and Rocky Mountain area. In its capacity as the leading geologic organization in the Rocky Mountain area, each year the RMAG Foundation provides funding for an annual award presented to a teacher in recognition of his or her commendable efforts in introducing young minds to the earth sciences. Check out the RMAG website at www.rmag.org.

Vol. 61, No. 4

April 2012

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Summit Sponsors support the entire RMAG calendar of events for 2012 and gain added recognition on our special â&#x20AC;&#x153;Summit Sponsorâ&#x20AC;? page on the RMAG website, in the Outcrop, and at our Monthly Luncheon Meetings. Please consider becoming a Summit Sponsor and get more bang out of your sponsorship buck, while helping your geological society provide the very best in symposia, short courses, prospect fairs, social events and so much more. Your sponsorship keeps our costs low and greatly enhances your visibility and reputation in the Rocky Mountain Oil and Gas Community. Thank you for your continued support!

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April 2012

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New Members

Welcome to New Active Members... Terrance Jensen Terrance is a Geological Supervisor at Pioneer Natural Resources located in Denver, CO. H. Brown III Mr. Brown is the President of Alpine Resources located in Denver, CO. Ryan Schaefer Ryan is a sales representative for SLS/DS located Denver, CO. Mary Ray Mary currently resides in Colorado Springs, CO. William Manthey William is a Consultant located in Oklahoma City, OK. Andrew Eck Andrew is a Geologist at Mull Drilling located in Wichita, KS. Donald Lehman Donald is a Geologic Manager for Energen Resources located in Birmingham, AL. Robert Ressetar Robert is the Senior Geologist for the UGS located in Salt Lake City, UT. Matt Legatt Matt is a Manager for Newfield located in Denver, CO. Norma Mozee Norma is an Account Manager at Microseismic, Inc. located in Denver, CO. Glenn Makechnie Glenn is currently employed at Newfield Exploration located in Denver, CO.

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Luncheon Program – May 2nd Anatomy of the Revolution in U.S. Oil and Gas Supplies By Pete Stark, Senior Research Director and Advisor, IHS CERA RMAG, May 2, 2012

2012 will be difficult for gas producers who face substantial excess supplies and sub-$2.00 gas prices.

Unprecedented breakthroughs in liberating production from source rocks and tight reservoirs have stimulated dramatic shifts in oil and gas supplies and market factors. The “shale gale” unlocked a 100 year supply for natural gas. But it also triggered excess production capacity and a collapse of gas prices that has forced massive adjustments across the supply chain. 2012 shapes up as a pivotal year as markets adjust to availability of abundant low-cost supplies and producing assets are consolidated by owners with long-term horizons. The “great revival” of U.S. oil production is no longer in doubt. But public concerns about perceived risks from horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing plus lack of an energy policy cloud understanding of how to take advantage of this added bonus for energy supplies. 2012 will be difficult for gas producers who face substantial excess supplies and sub-$2.00 gas prices. March 30, 2012 gas storage stood at record high levels - 2,400 Bcf, some 750 Bcf above the 5-year average and 900 Bcf above 2011 levels. This is bearish for gas prices and third quarter production curtailments loom if summer demand does not consume the surplus gas. Long awaited reductions in gas directed drilling – especially in dry gas plays like the Haynesville, Fayetteville and parts of the Marcellus

LuNc cHEo oN RESER ESERvATI ESERv vATIoNS & INfoRMATIoN Luncheons will be held at the Marriott City Center at California and 17th St. Please check the event listing in the lobby for the room. People gather at 11:30 a.m., lunch is served at 12:00 noon, and the speaker presentation begins at about 12:20 p.m. The price of the luncheon is $30.00. Checks should be made payable to RMAG. No reservation is required for the talk only and the cost is $5.00. Please make your reservation prior to 10:30 a.m. on the Monday before the luncheon. Please Note: If you make a reservation and do not attend the luncheon, you will be billed for the luncheon. Cancellations are not guaranteed after 10:30 a.m. the Monday before the talk. You may send someone in your stead.

Your attendance is welcomed and encouraged. Bring a guest or new member!

Vol. 61, No. 4

Call 303-573-8621

April 2012

Luncheon Program

Drilling activity in the Bakken and Eagle Ford plays has soared beyond optimistic projections and other liquids plays are benefitting from this shift.

are underway. The April 4, 2012 Baker-Hughes gas directed rig count stood at 647 rigs, down 31 percent from the recent high of 936 rigs in October 2011. Six hundred or fewer gas rigs, though, will be required to rebalance the gas market. Operators are redirecting investments to liquids rich plays to take advantage of the huge spread between oil and gas prices. Drilling activity in the Bakken and Eagle Ford plays has soared beyond optimistic projections and other liquids plays are benefitting from this shift. Liquids directed drilling and production are climbing in the Permian Basin, Niobrara, Mississippi lime, Granite Wash and Woodford shale plays. Promising early results suggest the Utica play in Ohio could challenge the Marcellus shale as the poster child for the Appalachian basin. 2011 liquids production increased by 456,000 barrels per day (b/d) and expanding developments point to an increase of more than 600,000 b/d during 2012. Scenarios indicate U.S. oil supplies could add 3.0 million to 5.5 million b/d (from 2010 levels) by 2020. The aggressive scenario hints at the possibility that North America might achieve the long desired independence from overseas oil imports. Nevertheless, substantial uncertainties about energy policies and above ground concerns must be de-risked to assure the size of the prize. If properly managed, abundant, secure and affordable oil and gas supplies could be the foundation of a renaissance for U.S. industrial and economic growth.

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REVIEW

Why We Hate the Oil Companies

By John Hofmeister, Publisher: palgrave/macmillan, 2010 Review by S. Duff Kerr Hofmeister covers the industry’s long standing inability to communicate with the Public and Government at all levels. The author is not the typical Industry spokesperson. He had only a few years exposure before he retired as President of Shell Oil Co. in 2006. He had joined the Royal Dutch Shell Group after 42 years with non-oil companies including General Electric, Nortel, and Allied Signal/Honeywell. He was taught the oil business at the highest levels of Shell, a company which, like most of its industry had exclusively promoted its executives from within the organization. Thus, he brings a unique, outsider, viewpoint to assessing the oil industry. His viewpoint is largely driven by the lack of any real, current or historic National Energy Policy. He is aware of the deep lack of understanding of the Industry by the Public and most particularly by Political Leaders. Problems he recognized before 2010 have only been amplified in the short time since! Public concerns have generally been limited to the price being charged for products; how the price is determined is rarely known, and mostly not cared about until an upward spike occurs. Environmental issues have come to the fore and reflect the competing forms of energy available for use. Drilling for new sources of hydrocarbons brings outcries from NIMBYists (and viewers of “Gasland” type propaganda… reviewer) to limit points or areas of access and add taxes and regulation on a local basis. Vol. 61, No. 4

Demands for “Green” (non-carbon or renewable) energy sources bring in many economic factors, largely ignored, into the puzzle of choice. Costs increase through the use of inefficient sources and compensating subsidies. All the many alternative energy sources each have their cadre of enthusiasts lobbying for adoption. Through this mélange of rants, choices ultimately become driven by politics rather than logic! Hofmeister states that the energy economy and its environmental consequences is the major domestic and international issue of our time. The author derides several popular concepts: The concept of energy independence for the U.S. is a dream. We will never run out of energy, unless we choose wrong policies or do not implement right policies. “Clean Energy” is a misnomer. There are relative differences, but every known form of energy requires some modification to be useful. Hofmeister lists and provides pro- and con- evaluations for the many possible alternative energy sources, first for electricity and second for transportation. With so many alternatives, his conclusion is that we will not be short of energy. Some of the alternates need research to become practical economically or environmentally acceptable, eventually a reasonable choice will remain. Furthermore, global warming and climate are succinctly dispatched. After considering what we do with

liquid and solid waste, we dispose of them in various ways to avoid the pollution which could otherwise result. So, why not do the same with gaseous trash (emissions)? Why not take it in the same manner and dispose of it efficiently? That course is necessary because the evidence is readily apparent that it is quite harmful to population and the entire planet. We can argue about global warming even while cleaning the atmosphere just because it must be done! The last part of the book focuses on the political confrontations which mark much of the history of confrontations since World War II. His analysis concludes that Lawmakers and Oil Industry operate on different time schemes: Political Time (in two and four year election cycles), and Energy Time (project cycles which, from idea to completed plan, last from months to as long as 20 years). The needs of the two rarely coincide! Under the chapter title, Our Government is Broken, he points out the internal interrelationships, or lack thereof, which preclude a lot of possible interaction between the branches of government. Hofmeister’s conclusion is that no logical Energy Policy will ever make its way through Congress and the White House. Too many political traps and no interest in compromise among the Parties is the cause. The author’s proposal is quite far-reaching. His proposal is modeled

April 2012

Continued on page 23 »

In the Pipeline May 17, 2012 DAPL/DGS/SPE Networking Happy Hour. Marlowe’s 4:00 p.m. – 6:30 p.m.

May 1, 2012 DWLS Spring Workshop. “Petrophysics of Horizontal Logging.” For reservations, call Jennifer Bartell at 303770-4235.

May 19, 2012 On The Rocks Field Trip. Niobrara and Greenhoen Formations, Florence- Cañon City Area. See page 26 for more information.

May 2, 2012 RMAG Luncheon. Anatomy of the Revolution in U.S. and Gas Supplies, Pete Stark. See page 18 for more information.

May 23, 2012 Oilfield Christian Fellowship Luncheon. To RSVP call Barb Burrell at 303-675-2602 or e-mail OCFDenverChapter@pxd.com.

May 8, 2012 Desk and Derrick Luncheon. For reservations, please contact RSVP@deskandderrick.org.

May 29, 2012 RMS-SEPM Luncheon. Speaker Mary Kraus from the University of Colorado at Boulder. “PETM Paleosols in the Eocene Willwood FM, Bighorn Basin, WY.” For reservations call 303-572-3550 or go to Luncheons@rmssepm.org.

May 11, 2012 DIPS Luncheon. For reservations contact Anders Elgerd: aeglerd@directpetroleum.com or 303-2859136. May 14-16, 2012 Hart DUO. Denver, CO.

May 30-31, 2012 Bakken Tight Oil Congress 2012. Denver, Colorado. See page 33 for more information.

May 15, 2012 DWLS Luncheon. For reservations, call Jennifer Bartell at 303-770-4235.

June 9, 2012 Mudrocks of the Southern Denver Basin, Pueblo, CO. Graneros, Greenhorn, Carlile, and Niobrara Formations. See page 27 for more information. July 21, 2012 On The Rocks Field Trip. Glacial Outburst Floods on the Upper Arkansas Valley. August 25, 2012 On The Rocks Field Trip. Geology of the Medicine Bow Mountains, Wyoming. September 15, 2012 On The Rocks Field Trip. Geology of Glenwood Canyon Bicycle Trip.

If you have any events that you would like to post in this column, please submit via email to Holly Sell at hsell@ nobleenergyinc.com or to the RMAG office at rmagdenver@ aol.com for consideration.

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Vol. 61, No. 4

April 2012

Why We Hate the Oil Companies Continued from page 20

on the Federal Reserve Board, which was created 100 years ago to provide financial stability after several crises. He proposes creation of a Federal Energy Resources Board to regulate the energy system and related environmental issues. This agency would be funded by a fee on each unit of BTU or KWH produced, thus it could remain independent of Congress and the Executive because neither is responsible for funding, like the Federal Reserve Board. This is a tall order for a Congress nearly dysfunctional by partisanship and

regionalism. Hofmeister proposes it be promoted as a grassroots issue by the electorate. Let’s face it, a grassroots issue rarely gets far with Washington. True, it spans the entire Nation and involves issues affecting essentially every Citizen. It also involves the economic well-being of the entire Nation. Hofmeister is truly pessimistic about our ability to solve the problem under the present political situation. However, the challenge of long-term energy flux, including new technology and competition among the nations of the world requires facing the present realities. In conclusion, Hofmeister is basically optimistic about the ability of our nation to rise to the challenge, as it has before, and solve its energy problems.

Earth Scientists

Publish Your Paper in The Mountain Geologist!

Editor’s note: This book was recently re-issued in paperback edition.

The Mountain Geologist is RMAG’s peer-reviewed, quarterly journal. It focuses on the geology of the Rocky Mountain area of the United States and related topics from outside the Rocky Mountain area. We accept manuscripts from almost every sub-discipline in the geosciences, from authors in academia and industry. Share your ideas, experience and wisdom! The Mountain Geologist circulates to over 3000 members and about 200 university libraries and industrial associates. It has been published by RMAG since 1964. Our review/ revision process averages about 10 months. Please email manuscripts or suitability questions to Joyce Trygstad Nelson at jtpetr@aol.com . Manuscripts must be written in accordance with The Mountain Geologist Authors Style Guide, available online at www. rmag.org.

Neil H. Whitehead, III Consulting Geologist PhD

CPG-AIPG

PG WY

Rocky Mountain Basins Wellsite to Petroleum Systems ArcGIS 303-679-8573

fax 303-679-8574

31634 Black Widow Way

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Conifer, CO

neil3@q.com 80433-9610

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AAPG Emblem Contest

Vol. 61, No. 4

April 2012

AAPG Emblem Contest

Editors note – This emblem submittal and contest write-up appeared in the November 10, 1955 Outcrop – and yes, the Outcrop was “printed” on green paper back then.

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On-the-Rocks Field Trip Niobrara & Greenhorn Formations, Florence-CaĂąon City Area

Trip Leader: Stephen A. Sonnenberg, Colorado School of Mines, Saturday, May 19, 2012 The Niobrara Formation of the Rocky Mountain Region This field trip will examine the Niobrara in outcrops is currently of great interest for oil and gas exploration. between Florence and CaĂąon, CO. The petroleum The Niobrara Petroleum System of the U.S. Rocky system of the Niobrara and Graneros-Greenhorn will Mountain Region is a major tight petroleum resource be emphasized. Reservoirs, source beds, and fracture play. The Niobrara is self-sourced and reservoirs are low models will be discussed. permeability chalks, shales, and sandstones. Source To register, please contact Ron Pritchett (pritchett61@ beds have total organic carbon contents that range from msn.com, 303-829-9606). We will leave from the Mineral 2 to 8 weight percent. Source beds are thermally mature light rail station parking lot (NE corner of Santa Fe and in the deeper parts of many of the Laramide basins in Mineral) at 8:00 a.m. We will arrange car pools at the the Rocky Mountain region. Continuous or pervasive parking lot so please contribute for gas to your driver. The accumulations occur in thermally mature areas. group is limited to 30 people. Plan for moderate hiking. The Niobrara source rocks are dominantly Type II The day may be hot, so please consider your physical (sapropelic) oil-prone kerogens. Oil accumulations occur condition prior to registration. Participants should bring where source beds are in the thermogenic oil window their own lunches and abundant beverages, especially (e.g., Denver Basin). Thermogenic gas accumulations water. The RMAG link for registration is: http://www.rmag. occur where the source beds have entered the gas org/i4a/pages/index.cfm?pageid=3290. generating window in deeper parts of basins (e.g., Piceance Basin). Biogenic methane occurs in shallow chalk reservoirs on the east flank of the Western Interior Cretaceous Basin (e.g., eastern Colorado). In addition shallow gas fields are found Q Traditional and Roth IRAs in northern Montana (e.g., Bowdoin Q Mutual Funds field). Q $PNNPO BOE 1SFGFSSFE 4UPDLT Natural fractures are important Q $PSQPSBUF BOE .VOJDJQBM #POET in controlling sweet spots in the Q Small Business Retirement Plans play and form for several causes. Several models have been proposed For sound recommendations and service you can for fractures in the Niobrara count on, call today. and include folding and faulting $SFBUF ZPVS QBUI GPSXBSE (local structures), stress relief with Neogene regional uplift and Michael Slishinsky erosion, regional horizontal stress Vice President - Financial Advisor (regional orthogonal fractures) t NJDIBFM TMJTIJOTLZ!SCD DPN and hydrocarbon generation pore XXX NJDIBFMTMJTIJOTLZ DPN pressure. The Niobrara is a technology reservoir that requires horizontal drilling and multi-stage hydraulic fracturing. The Niobrara petroleum ÂŠ 2012 RBC Wealth Management, a division of RBC Capital Markets, LLC, Member NYSE/FINRA/SIPC. system is present over most of the Rocky Mountain Region and is prospective in many areas. 11-DV-1475_Wealth Plan ad 4.875x4.875.indd 1 2/8/12 8:55 AM

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Vol. 61, No. 4

April 2012

On-the-Rocks Field Trip Mudrocks of the Southern Denver Basin, Pueblo, CO: Graneros, Greenhorn, Carlile, and Niobrara Formations Trip Leaders: Jeffrey A. May, Geologic Consultant, and Edmund (Gus) R. Gustason, Enerplus Resources, Saturday, June 9, 2012 West of Pueblo, Colorado, down-cutting by the Arkansas River across the broad Rock Canyon Anticline has revealed approximately 4000 feet of Middle to Upper Cretaceous strata. Excellent exposures, as well as abundant macro- and micro-fossils plus bentonites, make this a classic area for defining the physical, bio-, and chronostratigraphy of the Cenomanian to Campanian stages (99.6 to 77.6 Ma). Both small-scale depositional cycles as well as high-energy event beds are superimposed on large-scale transgressive-regressive successions. Of special note are exceptional mudrock outcrops of the Graneros, Greenhorn, Carlile, and Niobrara formations, the focus of this field trip. Currently of great interest for oil and gas exploration, G.K. Gilbert first described many of these mudrocks in the late 1800s. He observed rhythmic alternations of argillaceous shale, calcareous shale, and limestone in the Greenhorn and Niobrara sections, postulating that intermittent transport of terrestrial clay into the ocean diluted biogenic carbonate sedimentation. Gilbert believed these patterns likely reflected periodic variations in the Earth’s orbit, now known as Milankovitch cycles. Thorough mapping of lithostratigraphically-defined formations in the Pueblo area took place during the 1960’s to early 1970s, led by Glenn Scott of the USGS. Concurrently, William Cobban collected extensive ammonite and inoceramid assemblages from these units, leading to seminal findings on time-stratigraphy, paleogeography, and macrofaunal evolution of the Western Interior Cretaceous Seaway. In the 1970s, Erle Kauffman defined a series of third-order transgressive-regressive cycles for the Cretaceous, including two emphasized on this field trip: the Cenomanian through Middle Turonian Greenhorn Cycle (Graneros, Greenhorn, and lower Carlile formations) and Late Turonian through earliest Campanian Niobrara Cycle (upper Carlile, Niobrara, and Pierre formations). Then during the late 1970s through 1980’s, Kauffman supervised a team of students who studied the lithostratigraphy, chemostratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and chronostratigraphy of the Greenhorn and Niobrara cyclothems in the Pueblo area. He and his students

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used this high-resolution chronostratigraphy to confirm Milankovich-driven cyclicity of the limestone-shale bundles, recognize systematic changes in organic geochemistry, refine the micro and macro biostratigraphy, and even established a link between limestone-shale couplets and higher frequency shoreline parasequences. During our trip, we will examine yet another significant feature: the Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) for the Cenomanian-Turonian boundary. This horizon occurs within the Bridge Creek Limestone Member of the Greenhorn Formation. The Cenomanian-Turonian GSSP is defined here by widespread bentonites with radiometric ages of 93 to 93.5 Ma and a positive excursion in C-13 isotopes corresponding to a global oceanic anoxic event (OAE II). Thus, this field excursion provides an opportunity to examine geologically significant and wellexposed mudrock outcrops from the Graneros, Greenhorn, Carlile, and Niobrara formations. We will compare and contrast stratigraphic cycles and depositional events in argillaceous, siliceous, and calcareous successions. Ultimately, these rocks allow us to relate parameters important when evaluating shale plays – such as lithology, organic-carbon content, chronostratigraphic framework, and mechanical stratigraphy - to the underlying controls of sea-level change, orbital and climatic cycles, and oceanic oxygenation and circulation. To register, please contact Denis Foley (303-9163736, denis_foley@hotmail.com). We will leave from the Mineral light rail station parking lot (NE corner of Santa Fe and Mineral) at 7:00 am; it is a 2-hour drive to our first stop at Lake Pueblo State Park. We will arrange car pools at the parking lot, with each car required to pay the park entrance fee. The group is limited to 30 people. Plan for moderate hiking, including a slow climb up a fairly steep hillside. The day may be hot, so please consider your physical condition prior to registration. Participants should bring their own lunches and abundant beverages, especially water. We plan to leave the Pueblo area, heading back to Denver, between 4:00 and 5:00 pm. The RMAG link for registration is: http://www.rmag. org/i4a/pages/index.cfm?pageid=3290. 27

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From the May, 1977 Outcrop

Vol. 61, No. 4

April 2012

The Outcrop Needs YOU!

SYSTEMS

We need articles and photos for the Outcrop!

Logs Since 1971

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Have you attended a great lecture or read an interesting new geology or energy book? Have you attended a class or gone on a field trip that would interest the membership? Have you learned a new technique or found some great public domain software? Share your research so we can grow together. We are looking for articles about the new water laws, basin modeling on the “cheap,” new geologic trails or programs, legislative concerns, new technology. Please submit your ideas or articles and photos to: Josh Robbins staff@rmag.org Kristine Peterson k.peterson@laramidegeo.com

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Holly Sell HSell@nobleenergyinc.com Please be sure to include a phone number and make sure our emails are white-listed. We have had a few submissions that we wished to run but we could not reach the submitters by email and had no other contact information. OUTCROP

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INTER

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1-800-310-6451 www.rmag.org

CALL FOR PAPERS: THE MOUNTAIN GEOLOGIST

ATTENTION Geologists, Earth Science Professors and Graduate Students Publish your Paper in The Mountain Geologist!

The Mountain Geologist is RMAGâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s peer-reviewed, quarterly journal. It focuses on the geology of the Rocky Mountain area of the United States and related topics from outside the Rocky Mountain area. We accept manuscripts from almost every subdiscipline in the geosciences, from authors in academia and industry. Share your ideas, experience and wisdom! The Mountain Geologist circulates to over 2200 members and about 200 university libraries and industrial associates. It has been published by RMAG since 1964. Please email manuscripts or suitability questions to Joyce Trygstad Nelson at jtpetr@aol.com or Mel Klinger mel.klinger@fidelityepco.com . Manuscripts must be written in accordance with The Mountain Geologist Authors Style Guide, available online at www.rmag.org.

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Vol. 61, No. 4

April 2012

PTTC Workshops Petroleum Geology for Non-Geologists

Tuesday June 26, 2012, 8:30 am â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 5:00 pm Colorado School of Mines, Berthoud Hall room 241 Fee: $225 (includes food at breaks, workbook, and PDH certificate) Instructor: Dr. Stephen Sonnenberg (Colorado School of Mines) Course is for petroleum industry personnel in need of basic geological training. Course participants include: engineering, geophysical, technical support, and administrative personnel. Topics covered include: plate tectonics and sedimentary basins, geologic time; the petroleum system; depositional systems; porosity and permeability; conventional reservoirs; unconventional reservoirs; well log correlation and analysis; contour maps and cross sections; source rocks and seals.

Petroleum Engineering for Non-Engineers

Wednesday June 27, 2012, 8:30 am â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 5:00 pm Colorado School of Mines, Berthoud Hall room 241 Fee: $225 (includes food at breaks, workbook, and PDH certificate) Instructor: Dr. Jennifer Miskimins (Colorado School of Mines) This one-day short course provides a broad, basic understanding of various petroleum engineering topics for non-engineers. The focus of the course is placed on the design, construction, stimulation, and production of wells. Specific topics discussed include the drilling of wells, rig types, wellbore integrity and design, completion types, casing and tubing definitions, downhole tools such as packers, formation damage, and stimulation including hydraulic fracturing. As the title implies, the course is designed for those who work in the oil and gas industry but do not have a technical background in subsurface topics. Previous attendees that have found the course useful include landmen, technicians, accountants, financiers, and field personnel. Class Descriptions and Register Online: www.pttcrockies.org For more information, contact Mary Carr, 303.273.3107, mcarr@mines.edu

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2012 RMAG Golf Tournament

Location: Fossil Trace Golf Course City: Golden, Colorado Date: June 28th, 2012 Cost: $200.00 Per Player ONLY 240 Slots Available

Please register online at www.rmag.org Vol. 61, No. 4

April 2012

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Field Trip Photos from 1977

Vol. 61, No. 4

April 2012

Advertisers Index AAPG .............................7, 16, 37

Geosteering ...............................6

PTTC ........................................ 31

Applied Geophysics................ 21

Hoppe, William F. ................... 13

RBC Wealth Management .... 26

Bakken Tight Oil .................... 33

Horizontal Solutions Intl........ 31

RMS/AAPG ............................. 16

Banko Petroleum ................... 23

I.H.S............................................2

Rockware Inc. ........................ 36

Bowler Petrophysics .............. 13

Innovative GeoTech................ 19

Rose and Associates ............. 11

Breckenridge Expl. Co., Inc......4

Karo, James C. ..........................4

TGS .......................................... 22

Canadian Discovery ............... 19

MJ Systems ............................ 29

Whitehead, Neil H., III ............ 23

Discovery Group ..................... 13

Mazzullo Energy Corp. ........... 13

Wyotex Oil Company .............. 33

Foothills Animal Shelter ........ 13

Neuralog ..................................17

May 2012 SUNDAY

MONDAY

TUESDAY

WEDNESDAY

DWLS Spring Luncheon

DAPL/ DGS/SPE Networking Happy Hour

Hart DUO

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RMAG Luncheon Speaker: Pete Stark

Desk & Derrick Luncheon

FRIDAY

DWLS Spring Workshop

THURSDAY

23 Oilfield

DIPS Luncheon

On the Rocks Field Trip

Christian Fellowship Luncheon

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RMAG/ SEPM Luncheon Speaker: Mary Kraus

Bakken Tight Oil Congress 2012

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