FIRMWARE ---Case Studies in Urban Design
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Firmware CSIUD
FIRMWARE ---Case Studies in Urban Design Ian Nazareth & David Schwarzman
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Index
Firmware CSIUD
P6-7 Introduction P8-41 A Concrete Jungle or Forest Metropolis? Michael Pharoah
P42-77 Future of Workplace in a Post Pandemic World Jyothi Pathipati
P78-135 Laneway Service Texture Extrapolated Priyen Gajjar
P136-183 Walkability Maximisation Yaseen Mohiddin
P184-217 The Future of Cafes and Restaurants in Melbourne Yiqun Wang
P218-247 Cycling City Lin Su
P220-257 Melbourne Event Space Fangxuan Zhu
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Introduction
Firmware CSIUD
Firmware is a design- research excursion on the city, approaching digital interfaces as physical environments. Firmware, draws reference to a particular class of computer software that provides a standardized operating environment for the device’s more complex operations. Without firmware, a hardware device would be non-functional. This analogy of firmware is deployed to focus on the relationship between virtual applications, digital realms and physical spaces in the city, as well as the implications they have on the temporal and permanent patterns of occupation, spaces, typologies etc. It seeks to establish a platform through which virtual (and even real-time) data can be juxtaposed from multiple sources and spatialised. This project is empowered by a process of data scrapping – whereby Geo-referenced information and data from web-based Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) can be extracted into design environments. Here raw information is co-referenced. The platform is thus a conduit between APIs and computer aided design application (Rhinoceros 3D) through an algorithmic visual programming language. (like Grasshopper). The focus is to hybridise disparate datasets from public services and private entities who have a vested interest in the city. This convergence offers architects, planners and other disciplines an insight into behaviors of cities and networks, all captured through decentralized systems. These can record and reveal patterns and offer new ways of engaging with the city. Using metropolitan Melbourne as a prototype, the process connect opensource city data, city-council specific information, public transport, car park availability, alongside AirBnB listings, Uber movement etc. Drawing from multiple insular datasets simultaneously, it offers a collective assessment of collaborative consumption.
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A Concrete Jungle or Forest Metropolis?
Michael Pharoah
Firmware CSIUD
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Redefining the city as a green urban
Firmware CSIUD
a morphology...
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The adage of a ‘Concrete Jungle’ is something of a negative reality. Today however, we see the rise of the term ‘Urban Forest’ in a climate of excelling environmental changes but also an acknowledgment that the city of last century must evolve with the sentiment of the time and needs of the now. Can we as architects and urban designers, aspire to be more radical and envisage a city of the future that has a homogeneous & symbiotic relationship with the natural environment? Can we start to think of an urban fabric that intertwines with city blocks through micro-climate green interventions... that begin to reclaim the concrete jungle and transform it into a forest metropolis? Firmware CSIUD
Through urban data interpretation of the ‘invisible mappings’ of our city, may we seek to find solutions on a wider metro scale, the macro-climate or system, and on a localised intervention scale, the micro-climate.
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Process
Firmware CSIUD
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96,483m2 Total Area of Unoccupied & Unused spaces approx. 251 lots | City of Melbourne 2019 1:10,000
79,000m2
Total Area of Flagstaff Gardens
The speculative process begins by asking the radical question of re-purposing Unoccupied blocks and properties away from private tenure. In this instance the problem is not just in protest of development: the over-commercialisation of our city’s blocks in an increasingly neo-liberal world. Rather, it lays commentary on the regulation and evolving urban renewal of these locations away from the business-as-usual mindset, as the answer to public space in today’s cities. If maximum yield is dissolved then what nuances and autonomy in urban occupation can we now harvest? Then lies the question of how we may look to orient and integrate these new microclimates of urban forestry with the rest of the city through access to public transport nodes and commute corridors.
Firmware CSIUD
i) Unoccupied Spaces ii) Closest Points relative to Public Transport Nodes
- CLUE 2018 Building Footprints - CLUE 2018 Building Footprints
What if we converted all the Unoccupied & Unused plots of Melbourne into Green Space & Infrustructure? 17
i)
ii)
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iii)
iv)
Tree Planting Zone Schedules: i) Completed ii)1-4yrs iii) 5-7yrs iv) 8-10yrs 19
Evidence
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iv)
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The Problem Upon first observation of the City of Melbourne Tree Planting Schedules it suggests the Urban Forest initiative is an ambitious and comprehensive proposal, tackling the Urban Fabric streetscape as primary domain for city greening. This notion is challenged through data-driven evidence... The following investigative research that draws from Land Surface GeoTiff Thermal Recordings superimposed against the Built and Green (canopy) footprint tells a different story of Urban Heat Island Effect estimates. It is clear, in this instance, that it is not simply a re-greening of our streets alone that can tackle the rapidly changing climatic conditions of our city. Densities of tree cover are essential to combating the Urban Heat Island effect as shown in the parklands that sit at the perimeters of our CBD: Flagstaff Gardens; Carlton Gardens; Fitzroy Gardens and th Royal Botanical Gardens. Although it may not be practical to see the same density of parkland reclaimed in the bustling and dense streets of the CBD, it is clear in the following visualisations that the broad Tree Zoning Schedule and existing canopy above in fact are significantly reduced in their efficacy to combat the prolegema of the ‘Concrete Jungle’. The following visualisations depict this in moments spread across the city with excess land surface heat absorption and a lack of green density to mitigate such compounded effects during heat waves.
i) The “Urban Fabric” - Inverse of the Block ii) The “Rooftop” - Block Coverage iii) The “Concrete Jungle” - Built Footprint iv) The “Canopy” - Tree Coverage (next page)
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i)
ii)
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iii)
iv)
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Rooftop Greening Potential The City of Melbourne ‘Rooftop with Environmental Retrofitting Opportunities’ dataset depicts the extent of greening potential in the CBD. Due to the nature of city block infrustructure and adequate sun exposure, there are vast and largely underexploited rooftop greening prospects in the city. The dialogue between city block rooftops and streetscapes becomes all the more essential in combating the Urban Heat Island Effect and as we strive to increase the liveability and occupation of our city.
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Tree Disambiguation Tree Diversity is the second component to this investigation. Evident in the changing perception of Australia’s landcape from it’s colonial ties there is a growing public interest in the re-plantation of native flora. The disambiguation mapping of our CBD at a 1km radius depicts the extent of this European and British colonial influence, leading to an overwhelming population of ‘exotic’, or rather imported, species to native ratio. In additional to the socio-cultural benefits of mitigating this disproportionate ratio, there are ecology benefits to the re-plantation of natives as they are particularly resilient to the harsh and escalating climatic conditions of our cities.
- 1551
London Plane
Imported
- 298
Cyprus Plane
Imported
- 147
Weeping Myrtle
Native
- 118
River Sheoak
Native
- 113
Lemon Scented Gum
Native
- 104
Spotted Gum
Native
- 96
English Elm
Imported
- 90
Smooth Barked Apple Gum
Native
- 87
Hills Weeping Fig
Native
- 53
Firewheel
Native
- 47
Liquidamber Sweet Gum
Native
- 47
Canary Island Date Palm
Imported
- 40
Port Jackson Rusty Fig
Native
- 37
Kurrajong
Native
- 35
Brush Box
Native
- 30
Blueberry Ash
Imported
- 974
Miscellaneous
Native &
Total
Imported
3900
1km Radius from City Centre
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298 Cyprus Plane
147 Weeping Myrtle
118 River Sheoak
113 Lemon Scented Gum
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1551
London Plane
3900
Total
974
- Undefined collection of Native and “Exotic” (Imported) species
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Arts & Heritage Mapping Divulging further into the plausibility of these green interventions being integrated into the urban fabric beyond purely aesthetic or ecological pursuits, the City of Melbourne Art & Heritage dataset was utilised to add fuel to the response. The lack of ‘Indigenous’ moments throughout the city led to the idea of portraying this reclamation of native flora as a sort of ‘living memorial’ to the past landscape that existed prior to the settling of Melbourne. This microclimate would be erected in one of the many re-purposed unoccupied properties, the locating of which, evidenced by data-driven investigation including: localised impact on urban heat island effect; areas of lacking tree diversity; optimal public transport and foot traffic routes and of course Arts & Heritage impact.
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- Miscellaneous - Sculpture - Memorial - Indigenous - Unoccupied / Unused property
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Proposition
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Development of Proposition
Site_01 Melbourne Central Location: La Trobe Street between Elizabeth St & Swanston St Building Typology: Shopping Mall
Building Program: Primary: Retail Secondary: Public Transport Node, Hospitality, Heritage
Neighboring Program: Civic Centre. Public Open Space, Office, Education / Institutional, Entertainment / Recreation Analysis Conclusions / Basis for Response: - Notably high concentration of Urban Heat Island Effect along North boundary, - High Land Surface Thermal Recordings spilling out from North Facade and along La Trobe Street (Land Surface Thermal Recordings, City of Melbourne Dataset) - C Grade Street & Upper Level Facade rating (Places for People, 2015) Optimal Environment Settings: North Sun exposure, rooftop usable area, pitch, structural capacity and accessibility for construction, use and maintenance. (Rooftop Project, City of Melbourne. 2014) Recommended Response Foundation: ROOFTOP ZONE Rooftop Greening Modelling Outcome: Unconstrained Intensive & Extensive Greening Zone Recommended Response Outreach: FACADE / FRONTAGE ZONE
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Site exemplar The Final component of this process tackles the notion of “Liveability” in our cities and how the evolving ways we occupy the city from the historical nine-tofive schedule to a more diverse and rich program, reverberate in the changing ecological aesthetic and typology of our city blocks. The exemplar site proposal rationalises the previous investigations and compounding evidence into a specific response that would be one component of a holistic and diverse citywide intervention. 39
Firmware CSIUD
The Melbourne Central shopping mall typology has led to an “inward-designed urbanity” of laneways and a multi-storey center of commerce. However, it negates it’s exterior as a space for obtrusive marketing and curtain walls that provides a peak into it’s busting interior domain but in doing so, renders a streetscape devoid of any urban life along the north facade and a lack of tree coverage. The exemplar response proposes a green intervention that reaches out beyond the conventional domain of zoned side walk greening. A series of planter box seating arrangements, native tree re-plantations and a green facade that extends to a rooftop greening response would permit a homogeneous new green urbanity that forms a micro-climate and begins to tackle the challenges of Liveability, Ecology and Urban Heat Island Effect, that our city faces. At the core of this response, is challenging our perception of ‘domains’ when greening our cities. The ‘Concrete Jungle’ can be mitigated from many different angles and the answers to these prospective domains are found in the ‘invisible’ mappings of our city. The evolution of this proposition would see a block or plot typology informed by the findings of this data. In essence, a reverse-engineering whereby future urban typologies are now moulded by the domains of green intervention around them. 41
Future of Workplace in a post pandemic world
Jyothi Pathipati
Firmware CSIUD
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Melbourne = CBD
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Melbourne, with its bustling central business district (CBD), has been a place where commerce, working, living is integrated physically and functionally. However, contrary to this, Melbourne’s low-density suburban development has become a force for division rather than inclusion, and somewhat ironically, the inner city appears to be increasingly the preserve of the privileged. In the past year, the pandemic has brought unprecedented changes to our world that affected every industry. Like in many cities, offices in Melbourne had to adapt rapidly, shifting their operations and priorities to ensure safety. The measures to contain and manage the pandemic have subverted the matrix of rules, formulas and relationships that Firmware CSIUD
underpin the contemporary city. It has shifted the work environment from a centralised to a decentralised model, forcing people to work from home. As a result, the primary function of the city as a realm of collectivity is severely challenged. Now is the optimal time to plan for a post-pandemic workplace strategy by revisiting the conventional wisdom behind the centralised office. A more distributed model throughout geographic regions would better support organisational resiliency while improving the urban landscape and local communities.
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Do Jobs follow people? or Do People follow jobs?
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Process
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EMPLOYMENT PER CITY BLOCK Total employment in Melbourne: 7,262,140 Total employment in CBD: 3,781,826
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Number of jobs low
high
BUSINESS ESTABLISHMENTS PER CITY BLOCK Total establishments in Melbourne: 273,524 Total establishments in CBD: 155,871
Business establishments low
high
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POPULATION PER CITY BLOCK City of Melbourne: 37.7 km2 Total population: 1,91,647 Average Median age: 28
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0
Median age Population
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LAND USE MATRIX OF CBD
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LEGEND
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WHY PEOPLE COME TO CBD? Destination Ambience Entertainment Culture Work Hospitality Retail Socialize
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ACTIVITIES TAKING PEOPLE TO CBD
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OFFICE BUILT SPACE IN CBD CBD area: 2.5 sq.km Office built space: 5,664,000 sq.m Office employment is the most significant employing space type in the City. It accounts for almost two thirds of the jobs in the City.
Firmware CSIUD
FLOOR SPACE PER SPACE USE FOR BLOCK The built floor space in the City of Melbourne is 35.1 million m2, with residential accommodation being the largest space use, followed by office space.
Retail Office Common area Residential accommodation Indoor Entertainment Educational/Research Performances, Conferences, Ceremonies 61
OFFICE LOT SIZE TAXNONOMY minimum lot size: 2.60 sq.m maximum lot size: 53,760 sq.m Firmware CSIUD
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January 2020- 95%
January 2021- 31%
OFFICE OCCUPANCY IN CBD Firmware CSIUD
December 2020- 13%
March 2021- 24%
Occupied Vacant 65
Proposition
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One- centralised office building in CBD
More population and ameneties in CBD
Distributed office spaces across Melbourne
Distributed population and amenities
Does distributing the workforce, lowers the social interaction among employees when compared to one centralised office building? One challenge of the traditional centralised office is that interpersonal communication across floors and buildings is seldom. Office employees tend to communicate most with those who are within six feet. Subdividing urban office buildings into smaller work units with shared amenities would help resolve this problem. More public-facing spaces would make the office more inviting by allowing people to interact and build relationships across units and the local community.
Firmware CSIUD
One- centralised office building in CBD
Distributed office spaces across Melbourne
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The pandemic has prompted consumer and business behavior shifts, many of which will persist to varying degrees in the long run.
Firmware CSIUD
during pandemic after pandemic
a typical meeting at office
digital technology
satellite office
customized space
studio/ project office
work from home
The pandemic has normalised virtual meetings. Even with clusters of people working together across a network of locations, the need to collaborate virtually will remain. The traditional, centralised office consists of meeting rooms of various sizes and capacities. In this model, the remote employee presents as a voice on the phone or a window on a screen.
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Walkable distance from public transport
Lease existing co-working space
Nearby educational and day care centers (so that employees can drop their kids on their way to office)
Existing employment area with amenities
To best locate the future satellite offices, the above shown criterias should be considered
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POTENTIAL LOCTIONS FOR FUTURE SATELLITE OFFICES IN GREATER MELBOURNE
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Northcote- existing retail strip along High street
Northcote- existing co-working space
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Northcote- existing schools and childcare centers
Northcote- proposed satellite offices in context with existing features
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‘work’ (verb): something we do and not a place that we go to
‘work’ (noun): it is more than just a building, it is a place where people come together to col
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llaborate, innovate and build connections
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Laneways’ Service Texture Extrapolated
Priyen Gajjar
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How lane-ways can m production in the city?
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manifest energy ?
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Laneways of CBD Melbourne have cater to the needs and serviced the city since their conceptualisation in Hoddle Grid. They are suite of robust space which have transfromed over the course of time but principally have function to provide the same role, which is to service the city. Moreover, as the time has progressed, the laneways have become an integral part of the city. The vibrancy of adjacent shops engulfs the empty laneways, even during the late hours. Thus, proclaiming the community to share and interact. Therefore, they provide an experience which intiates change within city. This change could respond to the issues that pose risk for the city and further Firmware CSIUD
enhance the diversity. Energy is one such issue, which is overlooked and assumed to be imported, outside of the city. Instead, the question should be despite the technological advancement occuring, why can the city generate the required energy on its own? What are the methods by which we can harvest the energy and help the city become self-reliant.
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Process
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Laneway Taxonomy Area range - 17.80 m2 to 2,053.07 m2 The robustness of the laneways is tested with the range of surface area it occupies the city.
Firmware CSIUD
Diagrams to Follow: i) ii) iii) iv)
Road Network - Melbourne: The diverse routes that feed into the laneways of CBD Road Network - CBD: The little streets of CBD disects the primary routes and empowers the laneways’ intricate character Street Light and Feature Light: As part of the streetscape, they also consume energy Footpath: They enable the pedestrians and community access the intricate laneways
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i)
iii)
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ii)
iv)
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v)
vii)
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vi)
viii)
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Laneway + Footpath + Tram The tram route covers more than half of the CBD as part of the public transport.
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Diagrams Followed: v) vi) vii) viii)
Laneways: The dataset provides the potenital for the laneways to be transformed to Parks, Forests, Farms as part of City of Melbourne - Greening Laneways Project. Parks: The laneways with highest and lowest potential to be transformed to parks Forests: The laneways with highest and lowest potential to be transformed to forests Farms: The laneways with highest and lowest potential to be transformed to farms
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Laneway + Footpath + Bus The bus route covers half of the CBD as part of the public transport.
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Laneway + Footpath + Trams + Bus The public transport increases the flexibility in the city while extending the scope of outward reachibility while providing a overlapping within the service. This benefits the community to gain access to laneways with ease
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Network as Generators of Energy The network of the city has the potential to not only serve as the infrastructure for mobility. At present, the network integrates infrastructure for public transport, storm water, sewer lines, waste management and so on. Currently, the intricate part of this structure - laneways, are to witness a transformation in terms of Greening laneways. Implying that there is more robustness and potential to be tapped in to. The laneways are being transformed with the aid and consultation of the community which in turn increases the vibrancy of the space. The added texture of green scape revitalises the laneways. Similar is the case for footpaths which cater to the needs of the pedestrians and bridge the gap between the built-up environment and the public network. Can the above mentioned spaces plug-in an additional texture of renewable energy generation and if so, which nature of renewable can be considered?
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Evidence
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ix)
xi)
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x)
xii)
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Residential
Under Construction
Demolition
Renovation
Undeveloped
Unused
Residential + Unoccupied The blocks within the city of Melbourne have certain percentage of unocuppoed spaces which accounts to the requirement of energy in future as they develop.
Diagrams Followed: ix) x) xi) xii)
Block Energy 2011 range: 0.0001MWh to 77,303.40 MWh Block Energy 2016 range: 0.0001MWh to 92,138.02 MWh Block Energy 2021 range: 0.0001MWh to 103,252.74 MWh Block Energy 2026 range: 0.0001MWh to 103,252.74 MWh
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Wind Sensor Location The location of sensor which collect data in terms of wind speed, direction, temperature and more. This provides a better understanding for the direction of technological advancement and the challenges that lie in order to harness renewable energy
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Wind Sensors Reading The data recorded provides the information of the precise range of values the techonology will have to cater. Wind Speed range - 4.1km/h to 13.97 km/h
Diagrams to Follow: Pedestrian Count at peak times of the day, to show case the inter-relationship among public transport, footpath, laneways. The public transport can become active hub-spot to harness renewable energy and demonstrate the self-reliance of city
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Laneways - Highest Potential The laneways with highest potential to be transformed, have been identified.
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Parks
Forests
Farm
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Demands to be met by the Energy Texture As seen from the block energy requirements there has been a sure of 25,949 MWh in a decade. This will continue to rise if not kept in check. The unoccupied buildings will also foster energy in the near buildings as there programs and use are redefined. The pedestrian count suggest that the pedestrian activity surges during office peak hours. Additionally, the pedestrians count increases near the stops to which suggest that the pressure on present public transport will further increase. Thus, they will require more energy to meet theses demands. Furthermore, if the wind is considered as source of renewable energy the technology will have to be efficient enough to produce results with the dynamic speed range which varies highly over the year and the direction of wind movement/flow is difficult to determine. However, the laneways have proven to be versatile as a site which brings the community togehter to transform themselves while working in hand with infrastructure present today. Together, the laneways have the potential to re-define the city and what it can be.
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Proposition
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Site Selection: Laneways - Caledonian Lane The laneway has the highest potential to transform itself to all 3 formats of greening laneways: parks, forests, farms. The laneway is also responsible for the birth of an international festival called St. Jerome’s Laneway
Firmware CSIUD
Diagrams to Follow: xiii) xiv) xv) xvi)
Exisitng: The present condition of laneways which caters as service space for loading/ unloading, waste management, storm water, vents, exhausts and even more. Intermediate 01: The Greening Laneway projects integrates laneways and transforms them. Intermediate 02: The public transport acts as hubs for energy generation for street and feature lights. The waste management is concentrated at one part. Partial activation of shop- fronts into laneways with shift of insfrastructure, within the plot. Installation of advance technology at selective location to demonstrate the self-reliance Proposal: Harnessing Renewable energy through advancement of technology for the CBD. The new infrastructure collects and records data and interacts with the city to spread awareness. Thereby, increasing the robustness of laneways. 117
xiii)
xv)
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xiv)
xvi)
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Laneways Versatality and Energy Texture Medium Design as described by Keller Easterling has the potential to provide great results when the nature of the problem is complex. Thus, Medium Design as a toolkit can is more effective with issues that are quite difficult for the city to address as one single question. The addition of laneways texture is not just an attempt to harness renewable energy but to instill the awareness and establish confidence amidst the city that renewable energy can be part of the futre streetscape. It not only poses the question wether the city can be self-reliant but it brings in the community to do so. The togetherness of the community opens the opportunity to amplify the vibrancy of laneways with certain activties facing laneways while certain keep neglecting to provide space for infrastrucre to harness energy. This balance is quite important to preserve the character and nature of laneways.
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Walkability Maximisation
Yaseen Mohiddin
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Pedestrian Intense Prec & Arcade Cultu
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cincts ure
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Walkability Maximisation : Towards Pedestrian Intense Precincts. William Whyte noted that people vote with their feet - they use spaces that are easy to use, that are comfortable. When we think of travel and transportation, every trip starts and ends with Walking. It is the most sustainable form of transport. Increasing walkability not only promotes fitness and enhances sustainability, pedestrian traffic makes a city vibrant. The experience of walking through a city is influenced by amenities and the visual qualities of its built environment, Pedestrian comfort level, Active ground front and Arcade culture. Ground floor retail not only stimulates walkability and generates economy, it also promotes safety of pedestrians through passive surveillance. Firmware CSIUD
Vistas leading to places of interest or destinations when incorporated with varied program options enable pedestrians to linger and spend time. This enhances the concentration of people as well as increases the sense of community and energises the city. Thus leading to a pedestrian intense places and Maximising Walkability. My mission is to create pedestrian intense precinct and maximise walkability on Elizabeth street between Flinders street and Bourke street and create an extension of mall culture and Arcade culture. This could be a prototype for other streets where pedestrian activity has been found to be comparitively lesser.
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Analysis
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Network of walkable spaces,: office and commercial Firmware CSIUD
Network of walkable spaces,: office and commercial 147
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2.
1.
3.
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Research
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seats for rest
bicycle rails
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Bollards
rubbish bins
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Road Infrastructure
et Stre e b o Latr
Primary Roads
et Stre e l a sd Lon
Secondary Roads Tertiary Roads.
et Stre e k r Bou et Stre s n i l Col t tree rs S e d Flin et Stre ing Spr
reet n St ibitio Exh
et Stre sell Rus
t tree th S abe Eliz
et Stre iam Will
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et Stre King
bus routes & stops
reet r St nce Spe
e Lan ers d n i Fl
t tree en S Que
St. ins l l o C Little
reet n St nsto Swa
St. urke o B Little
Tram network & stops
Bike Paths
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2.
3. BICYCLE PATHS
Land use mix analysis The intensity of development and the range of different uses (such as residential, commercial, institutional or recreational uses).
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1.
Melbourne Central
LEGEND:
Flinders St. Station
Commercial Apartments/Townhouse Office Retail
Southern Cross Station
Community use Entertainment Parking Educational New construction Student Accommodation 157
Pedestrian Amenities: Subject Site
Benches/Seats Bicycle rails Bollards Bins Floral planter box Drinking fountain Firmware CSIUD
Benches/Seats Bicycle rails Bollards Bins Floral planter box Drinking fountain 159
Comparison of the relative impact of different footpath obstacles upon pedestrian flows in the Hoddle Grid
50% 40% 30% 20% 10%
Temporary objects
Lightly fixed objects
Major fixed objects
Other
Other
Other
Wheeled rubbish bins
Information pillar
Traffic signal boxes
A-boards
Kiosks
Major poles( street-
Cafes with people
Sign
lights,signals)
Road work frames,-
Bollards
Trees
signs,cone
Street furniture
Construction hoard-
Cafe screens,
Telephone pillar
ings and pillars
tables no people
Council rubbish bins
Motorcycles
Bicycles and bicycle racks
AMENITIES - IMPACTS These Amenities will very likely become obstacles and affect pedestrian flows if not located properly. .
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—— ——
PP FOOTPATH FOOTPATH 4m 4m
PARKING PARKING 2.1m 2.1m
PP BIKE BIKE 1m 1m
PRIVATE PRIVATE VEHICLES VEHICLES 3.1m 3.1m
TRAMS TRAMS 6.3m 6.3m
PRIVATE PRIVATE VEHICLES VEHICLES 3.1m 3.1m
BIKE BIKE 1m 1m
PARKING PARKING 2.1m 2.1m
FOOTPATH FOOTPATH 4m 4m
Eizabeth Street/ Street/ Swanston Swanston Street Street Eizabeth
P
P
V I C T O R I A H O T E L
STREET TYPOLOGY ANALYSIS: Pedestrian experience with space.
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Pedestrian count: Analysis by hour
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Pedestrian count Min
Max
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Pedestrian Count: Analysis By Days
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Pedestrian count Min
Max
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1.
2. Retail Retail
Commercial Accommodation
Commercial Accommodation
Office
Office
Entertainment/Performances
Entertainment/Performances Unused spaces
Residential
Unused spaces
Residential
density of program mix: mapping analysis land use for office spaces dominate these blocks. 1. Flinders Street Station 2. Melbourne Central 3. Southern Cross Station
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3. Retail
Commercial Accommodation
Office
Entertainment/Performances
Unused spaces
Residential
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3.
Percentage of Floor Space use per block - CLUE data 2019
Built environment
the % floor space use per block. The common areas are at 23% on the selected site. Also the common areas extend into the built form and show pororsity.
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1.
Commercial Retail Common Areas Community Use Entertainment-Recreation Indoor
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Proposition
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Interventions : • Infrastructure: 1. Lower speed limits 2. Removal of private car parking on major streets 3. Wider Footpaths
t tree th S abe Eliz
t tree nS nsto Swa
4. Visual separation between sidewalks and public private spaces. (materiality) 5. Street lighting 6. Walking Surface et Stre e k r Bou
• Amenities: Street Furniture: Parklets with Benches/Planter boxes and bollards integrated . Bike stands/Bins placement not to be an obstruction. Safety: Planter boxes as barriers. street edge conditions to enable active and passive surveillance even at late hours. Pedestrian Comfort options: choice of sun/
t tree rs S e d Flin
shade, wind & rain protection , covered PT stops. Visual Amenity: Greenery, planters, public art • Arcade Culture: Increasing porosity of street edge . extend public realm by bringing in Arcades.
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Wider sidewalks and Parklets
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PEDESTRIAN INTENSE PRECINCT Proposition: Maximising Walkability: 1. Space for Walking: Wider Foot paths: Clear separation of private and public space: Retail and Cafe’s use of footpath for seating separate from the flow of Pedestrian Traffic 2. Weather protection: Sun/wind/rain protection awnings extended upon the footpaths to be Weather smart and daylight sensitive. The serpentine awnings to be lighted up in night time (run on solar power?) Light spill on footpath. 3.The provision of Light Rail/Tram network. Lane Culture: Built environment.: Improved Public Realm 4. The provision of Seats/Integrated Planter boxes....Act as Barriers aswell. Visual Amenity/Safety and Social Amenity . The Seats/ Planter/Bollards to be clear of the pedestrain footpath and incorporated into the parking bay. The Parking bay/ to be only for loading/Unloading and Taxi stop-Go. and free up most space for pedestrian use. 5. Predominant Ground Floor activation with Cafe’s retail and mix of programs.(Entertainment/Leisure/Offices) Fine grain shops/Cafe’s/
Bike lanes and Bike racks.
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The Future of Cafes and Restaurants in Melbourne
Yiqun Wang
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185 01 01
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187 02
How will cafes & restaur pandemic world?
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rants function in a post-
189 04
Melbourne is a city full of coffee cravings. Some 1,112 coffee shops or coffee-related businesses are scattered across the city. But this landscape has been completely transformed by COVID-19. The pandemic forced cafes and restaurants to close, or shift their business to a greater focus on takeaway and online sales. And consumers, suddenly with much more time at home, shifted their consumption pat-terns too. While there is encouragement from the government to get back to the office, a large proportion of people in the Melbourne are still working from home. This has a heavy blow for the cafes and restaurants whose customer base is commuters and office workers. Besides, the future is hard to predict, no Firmware CSIUD
one knows how long the coronavirus will last or will there be other viruses in the future that strike us with unimaginable force. As for as COVID-19, due to the goverment restriction for cafes and restaurants during the pedemic, There is the option to reorganise, restructure and scale back activities while uncertainties remain. But for the smaller indepen-dents these options are not necessarily available. Therefore, this project put forword a prediction of Cafe&Restaurant development pattern in the future-What If Cafe and Restaurants can be moved and utilize unoccupied spaces of the city to parking? and explore Cafe as a spatialized fact, how can be redefined in the urban landscape.
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Process
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+40% +25%
1,163
+18% 664
1,053
+22% 853
Queen St
+25% 536 +25% 536
+40% 1,163 +25%
+18% 664
1,053 +22% 853
Swanston St
+25% 536 +25% 536
+17% 5，587 +12% 3，333
0% +7%
2,323 +16%
2,339
+10% 2，059
2，277
Flinders Street Station
Hourly pedestrian count at different Sensors at CBD (The commuting time during peak periods;12am-2pm/ 5pm-7pm) Firmware CSIUD
-52% 154 -69%
-57%
98
100
-49% 111 -47% 70 -58% 38
-58% 137 -51% -45% 149 161
-56% 201 -47% 162
-51% 90
-49% 362 -45% -53% 344
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-62% 444 -59% 301 -56% 198
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12pm Tuesday 19th Nov 2019
1pm Tuesday 19th Nov 2019
5pm Tuesday 19th Nov 2019
6pm Tuesday 19th Nov 2019
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2pm Tuesday 19th Nov 2019
7pm Tuesday 19th Nov 2019
205 15
12pm Tuesday 14th Apr 2020
1pm Tuesday 14th Apr 2020
5pm Tuesday 14th Apr 2020
6pm Tuesday 14th Apr 2020
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2pm Tuesday 14th Apr 2020
7pm Tuesday 14th Apr 2020
207 16
Unoccupid- Unused Unoccupid- Unused Parking- Commercial Coverd Parking- Commercial Coverd Entertainment/Recreation-Indoor Entertainment/Recreation-Indoor Residential Apartment Residential Apartment Storage Storage Educational/ Research Educational/ Research Retail-shop Retail-shop No information No information Performances/Conferences Performances/Conferences /Ceremonies /Ceremonies Offices Offices Cafe/Restaurants Cafe/Restaurants
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The Temporal City
209 17
Proposition
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Pedestrain Simulation during the period of the Covid-19 Firmware CSIUD
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Cycling City
Lin Su
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219
How can we improve t cyclists?
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the experience of
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Since the emergence of the new crown virus and repeated outbreaks, maintaining a certain “social distance” is an important way to protect yourself and the city. Searching for new crown pneumonia and bicycles on Google will find out whether it is in Melbourne or other cities, in new crown pneumonia After the epidemic, cyclists have become more and more. Because bicycles can maintain social distance better than buses and can reach their destinations faster. But this has to make us think about a new problem As cycling becomes more popular after COVID-19,will the incidence of bike accidents increase.
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According to The Melbourne’s Transport Strategy 2030,Forty per cent of reported bike crashes happened at intersections. Melbourne saw particularly high rates in the CBD It is a fact that the number of bicycle users in Melbourne is constantly increasing, and safety is the top concern of all cyclists. Separating vehicles and walking from cyclists can improve safety for all groups and should be a priority. The construction of independent bicycle lanes should be equipped on every road in the city. In addition, the construction of bicyclerelated facilities, such as bicycle parking shed, bicycle self-service pumping, etc.,
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Process
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Program Site analysis
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THE CITY CENTRE IS THE CORE CENTRAL ACTIVITIES DISTRICT (CAD) OF GREATER MELBOURNE. Office Retail - Shop Commercial Accommodation Educational/Research Entertainment/Recreation - Indoor Parking - Commercial Covered
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Bicycle route analysis
Bicycle routes, including informal, on-road and off-road routes
THERE ARE A TOTAL OF 7 MAIN CONNECTION NETWORKS IN THE CBD.
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① ⑤ ②
③
④
⑥ ⑦
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Tram tracks analysis
Tram tracks
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Road segment analysis
Road segments, with surface type Road segments, with surface type, it can be seen that the tram lanes are much wider than other roads, and the sidewalks on both sides are almost as wide as the traffic lanes, and there is no exclusive design for bicycles at the intersection. the way.
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Bus stops
Bus stops Firmware CSIUD
Caption Title Description.....
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Mixed traffic
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Proposition
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Safety hazards at the intersectio
t
ee r t S rke Bou
In addition to bicycle routes and trams, Add the driving routes of the trolleys. It can be seen that the yellow circle is an intersection where multiple vehicles are mixed, and it is also the most accident-prone place. So I made a re-planning at the intersection. Bicycles have their own dedicated lanes at the intersections and no longer share them with other road users, which can effectively reduce collisions with cars and pedestrians.
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on Bicycle routes Tram tracks Car routes Bus stops
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Updated design of the intersecti
Regarding the distribution of roads, a part of the sidewalk space is allocated for bicycle lanes, 1.5m, so that all vehicles can drive on their own roads.
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ion
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Updated design of the intersecti e
Eliz
a-
s da l n o L
Bicycle routes Tram tracks Car routes Bus stops Firmware CSIUD
rke u o B
ion
Bicycle mingled with road,public transport,car
Another suggestion is the road separation zone between car and bicycle lanes. This form has already appeared in other places in Melbourne. I think that a small part of the sidewalk can be reduced on the broad main road. As a separation zone, 80cm-1M , Can be used as a bush, and can also raise the ground in an isolated area.(This is shown in the diagram on the left) 245
Current Bicycle Routes Planned Bicycle routes It is a fact that the number of bicycle users in Melbourne is constantly increasing, and safety is the top concern of all cyclists. Separating vehicles and walking from cyclists can improve safety for all groups and should be a priority. The construction of independent bicycle lanes should be equipped on every road in the city.
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Melbourne Event Space
Fangxuan Zhu
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249
Melbourne Event Spac Linking Event a
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ce and city
251
Under the circumstances of the outbreak of COVID-19, Melbourne, which has been locked down for a long time, urgently needs citizens to return to the city to participate in city life and drive the city’s economic growth. I want to create a better urban space by studying urban event space so that people are more willing to stay in the city than at home.
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253
Process
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Design Aim
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provide better waiting space. 259
Event space analysis: classifi
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fication
261
Event space analysis: size
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EntertainmentRecreation - Indoor 263
Event space analysis: activity
Pedestrian count when no event (workd Time: 9 o 'clock on March 29th 2021
Pedestri
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y level
day)
Time: 15 o 'clock on March 29th 2021
ian count at the time of event (workday)
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Proposition
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Stitching module Firmware CSIUD
Capacity
Design results 271
Vacant space in the city
In the future, when the epidemic is eliminated and people no longer need to wait outdoors, the pattern of this waiting space has been familiar to people, we can move these devices to the event space with less activity, attract citizens to visit, and make the urban space with less activity active.
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Alley with rich artistic atmosphere
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