Stasis - Eco Urban Practices by RMIT Architecture

[ STASIS ]

[ STASIS ] GRETA MCMILLAN, ALEXANDRA RILEY, RYAN ZHENDING QIAN, RILEY PELHAM-THORMAN, ABIGAIL LIEW, SARAH MARTINUSSEN, FANQUI SUN, LI LI, JUNLIANG PAN, LU HAN, YIHAN WANG, AISHWARYA KHOTH, JEROME PEREDO, NOUR EL-LEISSY, TING FANG CLARA ONG, AARON ROBINSON, ANNE EBERY with IAN NAZARETH

Covid-19 or more precisely the measures to contain and manage a global pandemic have subverted the matrix of rules, formulas and relationships that underpin the contemporary city. The primary function of the city as a realm of collectivity is severely challenged. Moreover, the complacent existing models of urban governance, economics, law, politics, consumption are on trial. The temporary halting of normative socio, economic and political patterns have emphasised the ineffectiveness and inefficiency of current schemas as well as chronic socio-economic inequality. It is a definite prompt to re-examine assumptions, loops and binaries of the city.

STASIS

Stasis is the slowing or stoppage of normal flow, a state of inactivity and equilibrium. Stasis is standing still, offering a perspective on systems in suspended animation â&#x20AC;&#x201C; a moment to recalibrate ideologies of the urban â&#x20AC;&#x201C; density, mobility, liveability, sustainability and their interrelation. How can we stay still to make the city more dynamic and more sustainable? Discussion of sustainable cities and the metropolis generally is obsessed with transport and density. Mobility is so often a measure of both liveability and productivity. Density is viewed as both a measure of desirable consolidation of the city, and a threat to its liveability. The perception of density and the liveability of a dense city is relative to the amount we move around in it; similarly, our

carbon footprint in a city is strongly correlated to the amount of transport we use in it. Reducing the mobility within a city would mean reconfiguring urban form and patterns of occupation redistributing jobs and the infrastructure; capitalising on smart networks and virtual services etc. Through this research we review, analyse and speculate on the temporary and permanent transformation of the city and urban realm through the notion of stasis. There is no normal. The aproach this through two overlapping layers of investigation â&#x20AC;&#x201C; The Domestic and The Civic - focal points for unravelling the networks and systems of the city. STASIS

The Domestic â&#x20AC;&#x201C;interface between the immediate and the threshold to virtual â&#x20AC;&#x201C; the new centrality. Is anything private? The Civic- retooling the patterns and behaviours, reconfiguring of spatial typologies, distances, intensities - What exactly is civic?

â&#x20AC;&#x153;Somehow politicians were able to act with a degree of coherence, but also mobilise enormous, unbelievable amounts of money. And if you look at our greatest urgency, which is probably global warming, and you know that basically the amount of money that they have now mobilised is clearly enough to settle that issue. I am personally sceptical of all of us saying that things will never be the same and things will be extremely different. There will be enormous pressure on things returning back to normal.â&#x20AC;? _Rem Koolhaas

STASIS

July 22 2020... European Union leaders agreed on an unprecedented stimulus package worth 750 billion euros ($860 billion) to pull their economies out of the worst recession in memory Almost a third of the funds are earmarked for fighting climate change and, together with the blocâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s next 1 trillion-euro, seven-year budget, will constitute the biggest green stimulus package in history. All expenditure must be consistent with the Paris Agreementâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s goal of cutting greenhouse gases.

STASIS

- WORK, EDUCATION...001 - FOOD, ENERGY...165 - LIVING...269 - RETAIL, COMMERCE...427 - HEALTH, WELLBEING...673 - LEISURE, AMENITY...901

STASIS

WORK + EDUCATION

GRETA MCMILLAN ALEXANDRA RILEY RYAN ZHENDING QIAN

|1|

STASIS

CONTENTS 4

F I N A L P R OJ E C T - [ S PA C E ]

RESEARCH T YPOLOGIES COMBINED

WORK

70 72 74 76 78 80 83 84

W O R K P L A C E V S S C H O O L C O M PA R I S O N R O O MS / S PA C E S - W O R K R O O MS / S PA C E S - S C H O O L R O O MS / S PA C E S - C O M BI N E D PROPOS AL - CO WORKING FACILITIE S IMPLEMENTED NE AR SCHOOL S C L A S S I F I C AT I O N O F L E A R N I N G / W O R K I N G T YPOLOGY GUIDELINES CA SE STUDY: BMW GUGGENHEIM - STREE T STUDIO?

88 90 94 96 98 100 101 102 103 104 106 109 110 111

WORK PLACE TIMELINE EVOLUTION OF WORK L O C AT I O N O F W O R K O V E R T I M E I M P L I C AT I O N S , I S S U E S A N D I N S I G H T F O R F U T U R E W O R K NEW T YPOLOGIES TO EMERGE WORKING FROM HOME T YPES A D A P TA B L E F U R N I T U R E T Y P E S WORK FROM HOME - EMPLOYER WORK FORM HOME - EMPLOYEE PROTOT YPES FOR WORK - PHYSICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL D ATA - W O R K P L A C E C L O S U R E D U E T O C O V I D D ATA - P E O P L E W H O C A N W F H V S N U M B E R O F C O V I D C A S E S D ATA - W H O C A N W O R K F R O M H O M E D R A F T P R OTOT Y P E - F L E X I BL E U N I T S PA C E

116 118 122 125 126 127 128 130 131 132 133 134 138 141 142 150 154 156 158 159

A C C E S S T O E D U C AT I O N T I M E L I N E DIFFERENCES ALL AROUND THE WORLD CASE STUDIES - HIGH RISE LEARNING CASE STUDY - ADAPTIVE RE-USE T R A D I T I O N A L & D O M I N A N T E D U C AT I O N S PA C E T Y P O L O G I E S I N A U S T R A L I A N O N T R A D I T I O N A L E D U C AT I O N S PA C E S E D U C AT I O N I N A U S T R A L I A THE GONSKI REPORT 100 NEW SCHOOLS REPORT - ONGOING TRANSPORT TO SCHOOLS D I S T R I B U T I O N O F R E S E A R C H & E D U C AT I O N FA C I L I T I E S I N M E L B O U R N E SCHOOL CLOSURES DUE TO COVID-19 I M PA C T O F C O V I D - 1 9 O N E D U C AT I O N W H AT D O E S 2 M E T R E P H Y S I C A L D I S TA N C I N G L O O K L I K E I N A C L A S S R O O M ? H O W H A S P H Y S I C A L D I S TA N C I N G B E E N S U P P O R T E D ? CA SE STUDY: TENT CL A SSROOM PROTOT YPES CA SE STUDY: FURNITURE PROTOT YPES FOR SCHOOLS C A S E S T U D I E S : A LT E R N A T I V E R E N T A B L E E D U C A T I O N S P A C E S STUDENT EXPERIENCE SURVEY DURING COVID-19 LESSONS LEARNT FROM COVID-19

E D U C AT I O N

FURTHER RESEARCH

WORK, EDUCATION

FINAL PROJECT - [ SPACE ]

|4|

STASIS

C OVID-19 HA S SHIF T ED O UR WORK AND ED UC ATION ENVIRONMENT FROM A CENTRALISED TO A DECENTRALISED MODEL , FORCING PEOPLE TO WORK AND LEARN FROM THE SUBURBS. T O A C C O M M O D AT E T H I S S H I F T W E C R E AT E D A S P A T I A L D I S T R I B U T I O N A P P, C A L L E D S P A C E . T H I S T O O L H E L P S P E O P L E P R O D U C T I V E LY N A V I G A T E T H E I R L O C A L A R E A F O R W O R K A N D E D U C AT I O N . T H E R E A R E T W O M A I N I N T E N T I O N S O F T H E A P P. F I R S T, T O U T I L I S E E X I S T I N G I N F R A S T R U C T U R E O R VA C A N T L A N D . S E C O N D, TO M A K E S PA C E S AND EQUIPMENT MORE ACCESSIBLE TO MEMBERS O F T H E C O M M U N I T Y. I N S H O R T, W E H AV E E M P L O Y E D L O W I M PA C T I N F R A S T R U C T U R E T H AT H A S A H I G H R E T U R N T O T H E C O M M U N I T Y.

WORK, EDUCATION

O C C U PA N C Y R AT E S

GOALS

[ 1 ]

[ 2 ]

METHODS

U T I L I S E E X I S TING BUILDINGS

INCENTIVES FOR A LT E R N A T I V E ROUTINES

OUTPUTS & PROTOT YPES

EXTRA FUNDS FOR SCHOOLS

SUBSCRIPTIONS ALLOW FOR BOOKINGS P R I C E VA R I AT I O N DEPENDING ON TIME O F D AY FUNDS FOR MAINTENANCE

|6|

6 ECO URBAN PRACTICES

STASIS

ACCESS

[ 3 ]

[ 4 ]

[ 5 ]

EVEN DISTRIBUTION

OUTDOOR LEARNING & W O R K I N G S PA C E S

TOOLS FOR WORKING FROM HOME

SMALL FOOTPRINT PROTOT YPES FOR WHEN DEMAND INCREASES

[ L I BR A R Y C A R PA R K EXTENSION]

[ W I F I PA R K M O BI L E OFFICE-CLASSROOM]

[ CLICK & COLLECT POST OFFICE ] [ F L AT- PA C K T O O L S ]

[ & COMMUNIT Y HUB]

[ & C O N T R A C TA B L E P O D ]

[& BENCH ]

TYPOLOGIES - FLEXIBLE UNITS SPACE [ PROTOT YPE : COMMUNIT Y HUB ] Door 2750

Ventilation system

This can be combined depending on the site

Work unit provide equipment

2710 mm

3100 mm

CLICK & RETURN

Two sizes of modules.

Printer

23 00

Chairs

7800

Locker

Computers and computer desks

2710 mm

3100 mm

1720

WORK, EDUCATION

2750

STASIS

WORK, EDUCATION

STASIS

[ O C C U PA N C Y R AT E S ] 1. UTILISE EXISTING BUILDINGS 2 . I N C E N T I V E S F O R A LT E R N A T I V E R O U T I N E S

MEBLOURNE CBD APRIL 2020

WORK, EDUCATION

O C C U PA N C Y R AT E S [1. UTILISE EXISTING BUILDINGS]

THE FIRST COMPONENT OF THE APP FOCUSES ON UTILISING EXISTING BUILDINGS.SO FOR EXAMPLE A SCHOOL CAN FILL OUT THIS SURVEY THAT EVALUATES WHAT SPACE AND EQUIPMENT THEY HAVE AVAILABLE TO THE PUBLIC.

STASIS

[1. UTILISE EXISTING BUILDINGS ]

WORK, EDUCATION

[1. UTILISE EXISTING BUILDINGS ]

IF WE DEEM A WORKING OR LEARNING SPACE TO BE PRODUCTIVE FROM THE HOURS 6AM-10PM, THAT WOULD MEAN THAT THE CURRENT SCHOOL MODEL ONLY RUNS AT A 50% EFFICIENCY BASED ON A FULLTIME TEACHER WORKING 76HOURS A FORTNIGHT.

STASIS

[1. UTILISE EXISTING BUILDINGS ]

WORK, EDUCATION

[1. UTILISE EXISTING BUILDINGS ]

THIS COMPONENT OF THE APP IS A SOLUTION TO UTILISING PRE EXISTING FACILITIES IN LOCAL AREAS & PROVIDING EXTRA SCHOOL FUNDING! CURRENTLY IN AUSTRALIA, SCHOOLS ARE UNABLE TO MAKE A PROFIT FROM LEASING THEIR SPACES, PERHAPS IF THEY COULD THIS WOULD AID THE CONSTANT REPORTS IN A LACK OF FUNDING & DRAW MORE PEOPLE INTO THE PROFESSION.

STASIS

O C C U PA N C Y R AT E S [ 2 . I N C E N T I V E S F O R A LT E R N A T I V E R O U T I N E S ]

WORK, EDUCATION

[ 2 . I N C E N T I V E S F O R A LT E R N A T I V E R O U T I N E S ]

STASIS

[ 2 . I N C E N T I V E S F O R A LT E R N A T I V E R O U T I N E S ]

SUBSCRIPTIONS ALLOW FOR BOOKINGS TO BE MADE. PRICE VARIATION DEPENDING ON TIME OF DAY AND ENCOURAGE OFF PEAK HOURS OF WORKING AND LEARNING. FUNDS CAN ALSO THEN BE USED FOR MAINTENANCE OF SITES.

WORK, EDUCATION

[ 2 . I N C E N T I V E S F O R A LT E R N A T I V E R O U T I N E S ]

IN CONJUNCTION WITH THIS, EACH SITE WILL HAVE A PUBLIC AND FREE AREA THAT IS OPEN AT ALL HOURS TO THE PUBLIC AND NOT POSSIBLE TO BOOK. THIS ENSURES FACILITIES ARE ACCESSIBLE FOR EVERYONE NO MATTER THEIR CIRCUMSTANCE.

STASIS

WORK, EDUCATION

[ACCESS ]

MAP OF METROPOLITAN MELBOURNE MUNICIPALITIES BY TOTAL GFA FOR OFFICE BUILDINGS (VALUER GENERAL VICTORIA)

48% OF VICTORIAâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S TOTAL OFFICE GFA IS LOCATED WITHIN THE CITY OF MELBOURNE (THE NEXT WAVE, 2018)

STASIS

[ 3. EVEN DISTRIBUTION ]

PRE-COVID MORE THAN HALF OF OFFICE SPACES WERE LOCATED WITHIN THE CITY OF MELBOURNE.. THIS APP LOOKS AT REDISTRIBUTING OFFICE SPACE AWAY FROM THE CBD AND INTO THE SUBURB.

WORK, EDUCATION

[ 3. EVEN DISTRIBUTION ]

MEAN DAILY COMMUTING TIMES (MINS) (HILDA STATISTICAL REPORT, 2019)

STASIS

[ 3. EVEN DISTRIBUTION ]

DISTRIBUTION OF LIBRARIES IN METROPOLITAN MELBOURNE

TO TACKLE THE PREVIOUS CONGESTION OF A CENTRALISED WORK/LEARNING LOCATION WE HAVE USED A LIBRARY AS AN AGENT OF DISTRIBUTION. THIS MAP SHOWS THE LOCATION OF LIBRARIES ACROSS METROPOLITAN MELBOURNE, AS A LOCATION FOR NEW CO WORKING AND LEARNING FACILITIES, WORK, EDUCATION UTILISING EXISTING INFRASTRUCTURE.

[ 3. EVEN DISTRIBUTION ]

STASIS

[ 3. EVEN DISTRIBUTION ] PILOT TEST

WORK, EDUCATION

[ 3. EVEN DISTRIBUTION ] L O C AT I O N

STASIS

[ 3. EVEN DISTRIBUTION ]

INCENTIVE: OTHER SERVICES WITHIN 2KM OF SITE. THE LIBRARY BECOMES THE REVITALISED CENTRAL HUB IN THE SUBURB. GENERALLY THEY ARE CLOSE TO OTHER CIVIC AMENITIES MAKING IT EXTREMELY CONVENIENT IN DAY-TO DAY LIVING. THIS WOULD BE THE CASE FOR MOST SUBURBAN LIBRARIES.

WORK, EDUCATION

[ P R O T O T Y P E : LWI IBFRI APRAYR KC APROPRATRAKB LE EX T E N S I O N ] OFFICE/CLASSROOM] LOW IMPACT & HIGHLY ADAPTABLE

AGENT DISTRIBUTION : LIBRARY SCHOOL / WORK : BOTH ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT : LOW PERMANENT : SEMI EQUIPMENT PROVIDED : YES BEFORE

POWER / WIFI : YES ADAPTABILITY : YES

AFTER

STASIS

WORK, EDUCATION

[ P R OTOT Y P E : L I BR A R Y C A R PA R K E X T E N S I O N ]

STASIS

[ L I BR A R Y C A R PA R K E X T E N T I O N ]

OUTDOOR SCREEN

GREEN BUFFER

150

POWER POINTS 26

2800

LOUVRES

ADJUSTABLE LOUVRES PROVIDE PRIVACY WHEN A CLASS OR MEETING IS IN PROGRESS

Street View WORK, EDUCATION

[ PROTOT YPE: COMMUNIT Y HUB ]

T I O N C A R PA R K ]

LOCATION: CARPARK THESE WORK AND LEARNING PODS SIT WITHIN EXISTING LIBRARY CAR PARKS AS AN OUTDOOR ENVIRONMENT TO HOLD CLASSES OR MEETINGS. AS WE MOVE LEARNING AND WORK TO THE SUBURBS THE NEED FOR TRAVEL VIA CAR WILL DECREASE AND IN TURN EXTENSIVE CAR PARKS MAY BECOME REDUNDANT.

STASIS

ROTOT YPE: COMMUNIT Y HUB ] WOI FM[I PM PU AR N KI T PY OHRUT B A B] L E O F F I C E / C L A S

[ PROTOT YPE : C WOI FMI MP U AR N KI T PY OHRUT B A B] L E O F F I C E / C L A S

AGENT DISTRIBUTION : CARPARK

AGENT D

SCHOOL / WORK : BOTH AGENT DISTRIBUTION : PUBLIC CARPARK SCHOOL / WORK : BOTH BEFORE

BEFORE BEFORE

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT : HIGH PERMANENT : YES AGENT DISTRIBUTION : PUBLIC CARPARK EQUIPMENT PROVIDED SCHOOL / WORK : BOTH: YES POWER / WIFI : YES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT : HIGH ADAPTABILIT Y: YES : YES PERMANENT EQUIPMENT PROVIDED : YES POWER / WIFI : YES ADAPTABILIT Y : YES

SCHOOL

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT : MEDIUM

ENVIRON

PERMANENT : YES

PERMAN

EQUIPMENT PROVIDED : YES

EQUIPM

POWER / WIFI : YES

POWER

ADAPTABILITY : YES AFTER

ADAPTAB AFTER

AFTER

WORK, EDUCATION

[ PROTOT YPE: COMMUNIT Y HUB ]

[ PROTOT YPE : COMMUNIT Y HUB ]

STASIS

]

STREET VIEW

WORK, EDUCATION

7800

[ PROTOT YPE: COMMUNIT Y HUB ]

WATER SENSITIVE DESIGN: PERMEABLE SURFACES COMPARED TO FAST WATER RUN OFF FROM CARPARKS. GROUND MARKINGS: ALLOW FOR DIRECTIONAL MOVEMENT DURING PANDEMIC/ LOCAL EVENTS/IF USED BY LOCAL SCHOOLS. FLEXIBLE WALLS: ALLOW FOR MULTIPLE USES

STASIS

[ SEMI-PUBLIC AREA] [ SEMI-PUBLIC AREA ]

PROVIDED : WI-FI TABLES AND CHAIRS OUTDOOR SCREEN PROJECTOR

[ SEMI-PUBLIC AREA ]

CAN PROVIDE MEETING OR TEACHING SPACE FOR 32 PEOPLE

CAN PROVIDE MEETING OR TEACHING SPACE FOR 16 PEOPLE

SCAN FOR BOOK

THESE SPACES CAN BE BOOKED BY SCHOOLS AND OFFICES AS AN OUTDOOR CLASSROOM OR CONFERENCE ROOM.

WORK, EDUCATION

[ P R I VA C Y A R E A ] PROVIDE MORE EQUIPMENT, INCLUDING COMPUTERS AND PRINTERS. IT IS MORE LIKE A MEETING ROOM, A SMALL [ PRIVACY ] CLASSROOM AND ANAREA OFFICE, MAINLY FOR THOSE WHO DON' T WANT TO BE DISTURBED.

PROVIDED : WI-FI TABLES AND CHAIRS SCREEN PROJECTOR COMPUTER PRINTER LOCKER

[ PRIVACY AREA ] LARGE SIZE: 13 - 20 PEOPLE SMALL SIZE: 8 PEOPLE

MIDDLE SIZE: 16 PEOPLE

SCAN FOR BOOK

AT THE SAME TIME, PEOPLE CAN SCAN THE QR CODE TO CHECK IF BOOKINGS HAVE BEEN MADE. 40

STASIS

[ FLEXIBLE AREA ] [ FLEXIBLE AREA ] PROVIDED : WI-FI TABLES AND CHAIRS SCREEN PROJECTOR MOVABLE WALLS LAZY SOFA

[ FLEXIBLE AREA ] MULTIPLE SPACES ARE DIVIDED BY MOVING WALLS FOR MEETINGS, OFFICES, STUDIES

COLLECT MOVABLE WALLS AND DESKS AND CHAIRS FOR LECTURE, CHAT, SHOW & COMMUNIT Y ACTIVIT Y

WORK, EDUCATION

[ COMMUNIT Y ACTIVIT Y ]

ON WEEKENDS, COMMUNIT Y MANAGERS ORGANIZE ACTIVITIES SUCH AS WATCHING MOVIES OR FOOTBALL MATCH ETC

ON WEEKENDS COMMUNITY MANAGERS CAN ORGANISE ACTIVITIES AND EVENTS FOR THE PUBLIC, LIKE LIVE STREAMING OF SPORTS EVENTS & FILM NIGHTS

STASIS

[ 4. OUTDOOR LEARNING & WORKING ENVIRONMENTS ]

(DRS. STEPHANIE TIMM & WHITNEY AUSTIN GRAY AT DELOS, 2020)

CURRENTLY WE SPEND ON AVERAGE 90% OF OUR TIME INDOORS AND ONLY 8% OUTDOORS

WORK, EDUCATION

[ 4. OUTDOOR LEARNING & WORKING ENVIRONMENTS ]

STASIS

[ 4. OUTDOOR LEARNING & WORKING ENVIRONMENTS ]

WORK, EDUCATION

[ 4. OUTDOOR LEARNING & WORKING ENVIRONMENTS ] PILOT TEST

STASIS

[ 4. OUTDOOR LEARNING & WORKING ENVIRONMENTS ]

THIS PAGE INDICATES THE VARIOUS OPTIONS THE USER CAN CHOOSE FROM WHEN SEARCHING FOR A SPACE.

WORK, EDUCATION

[ 4. OUTDOOR LEARNING & WORKING ENVIRONMENTS ]

STASIS

[ P R O TO T Y P E : P O R TA B L E W I F I PAV I L I O N ] USING THE PARK, AS A DISTRIBUTING AGENT, WE HAVE MADE A PORTABLE PAVILION PROTOTYPE THAT ACTS AS A CLASSROOM, MEETING ROOM OR EXHIBITION SPACE, FOR THOSE WHO WANT TO SPEND MORE TIME OUTDOORS.

AGENT DISTRIBUTION : PARK SCHOOL / WORK : BOTH ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT : LOW PERMANENT : NO

BEFORE

EQUIPMENT PROVIDED : YES POWER / WIFI : YES ADAPTABILITY : YES

AFTER

WORK, EDUCATION

STASIS

THE PAVILION SITS ON THE EDGE OF A CAR PARK AND PARK SO THE USER GET THE BENEFIT OF THE PARK LAND YET IT DOESNâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; T DISTURB THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT

WORK, EDUCATION

[ P O R TA B L E O F F I C E / C L A S S R O O M ]

[ P OR T A B L E OF F I C E /C L A S S R OOM ]

F I T S ON L A R G E TRAILER

3000

ADAPTABLE ROOM THAT CAN BE MOVED FROM LOCATION TOLOCATION

R E T R A C TA B L E AWNING 30

S T OR A G E 10

S OL A R P A N E L S

S T A G E / R OOM E X T E N S I ON

S T U D Y N OOK S MULTIPLE CONFIGURATION DEPENDING ON USE

P R OT E C T E D ENTRY

STREET VIEW

Street View 52

STASIS

S T U D Y N OOK S

[ P O R TA B L E O F F I C E / C L A S S R O O M : F L E X I B I L I T Y ]

C E /C L A S S R OOM : F L E X I B I L I T Y ] [ P OR T A B L E OF F I C E /C L A S S R OOM : F L E X I B I L I T Y ]

WORK, EDUCATION

STASIS

[ P R OTOT Y P E : W I F I PA R K BE N C H ]

AGENT DISTRIBUTION : PARK SCHOOL / WORK : WORK ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT : LOW PERMANENT : YES

BEFORE

EQUIPMENT PROVIDED : SEMI POWER / WIFI : YES ADAPTABILITY : SEMI

AFTER

WORK, EDUCATION

ADDITIONALLY IN THE PARK THERE IS A SMALL SCALE INTERVENTION OF A PARK BENCH/ DESK. THIS CANNOT BE BOOKED BUT WHEN A USER ARRIVES THEY WILL CHECK IN TO NOTIFY OTHERS THAT THE DESK IS OCCUPIED.

STASIS

[ W I F I PA R K BE N C H ]

DESK

WIFI POLE

450 15

BENCH

720

LOW IMPACT INFRASTRUCTURE, TO ALLOW FOR CASUAL WORK AND LEARNING AT THE PARK

POWER POINTS

Street View WORK, EDUCATION

STASIS

[5. TEMPORARY TOOLS FOR WORKING FROM HOME ]

WORK, EDUCATION

[ P R O T O T Y P E : F L AT PA C K F U R N I T U R E ]

PORTABLE FLAT PACK FURNITURE THAT YOU CAN RENT FOR SHORT OR LONG TERM PERIODS, WITH THE POSSIBILITY OF EVENTUALLY PURCHASING IT, SO THERE IS A RETENTION OF VALUE FOR THE USER.

SOURCE OF THIS DESIGN: https://www.stagekings.com.au/ 60

STASIS

[ P R O TO T Y P E : C O N T R A C TA B L E O F F I C E P O D ]

TYPOLOGIES - FLEXIBLE UNITS SPACE

Door 0 275

Ventilation system

Two sizes of modules.

This can be combined depending on the site

2710 mm

3100 mm

Work unit provide equipment

Printer

23 00

Chairs

Locker

2710 mm

3100 mm

Computers and computer desks

1 72

275

MOVING FURTHER FROM A SIMPLE DESK THERE IS ALSO A FULL OFFICE POD WHICH PEOPLE CAN HIRE IF THEY LACK APPROPRIATE SPACE IN THEIR HOMES. THIS SOUNDPROOF POD CAN ATTACH TO SOMEONEâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S HOME IN THEIR BACKYARD, BALCONY, GARAGE TO PROVIDE AN ADDITIONAL SPACE SEPARATED FROM NOISY SHARED SPACES.

WORK, EDUCATION

[PROTOT YPE: CLICK & COLLECT POST OFFICE ] DISTRIBUTION OF POST OFFICES IN METROPOLITAN MELBOURNE A TYPOLOGY THAT EXISTS WITHIN ALL SUBURBS OF VICTORIA.

DISTRIBUTION POINTS OF THE TEMPORARY FURNITURE JUST SHOWN

STASIS

[ PARCOCTEOSTSY P: EL:O CC LAITCI KO N& PCOOSLTL EOCF TF IPCOE S] T O F F I C E ]

AGAIN MAKING SIMPLE CHANGES TO EXISTING TYPOLOGIES, WE HAVE DESIGNED AN INTERFACE THAT ALLOWS POST OFFICES TO EASILY ACCOMMODATE THESE CHANGES.

WORK, EDUCATION

[PROTOT YPE: CLICK & COLLECT POST OFFICE ]

AGENT DISTRIBUTION : POST OFFICE SCHOOL / WORK : BOTH ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT : LOW BEFORE

PERMANENT : YES EQUIPMENT PROVIDED : YES

PE CA PE

POWER / WIFI : NO OP

ADAPTABILITY : -

RS DE

RIA

AFTER

STASIS

WORK, EDUCATION

[PROTOT YPE: CLICK & COLLECT POST OFFICE ]

SO YOU CAN SIMPLY PLACE YOUR ORDER, AND THEN PICK UP YOUR OFFICE EQUIPMENT FROM THE CURB.

STASIS

ACCESS

O C C U PA N C Y R AT E S

[ 1 ]

[ 2 ]

[ 3 ]

[ 4 ]

[ 5 ]

UTILISE EXISTING BUILDINGS

INCENTIVES FOR A LT E R N A T I V E ROUTINES

EVEN DISTRIBUTION

OUTDOOR LEARNING & WORKING S PA C E S

TOOLS FOR WORKING FROM HOME

SMALL FOOTPRINT PROTOT YPES FOR WHEN DEMAND INCREASES SUBSCRIPTIONS ALLOW FOR BOOKINGS P R I C E VA R I AT I O N DEPENDING ON T I M E O F D AY

[ L I BR A R Y C A R - [ W I F I PA R K M O BI L E [C L I C K & C O L L E C T POST OFFICE] PA R K E X T E N T I O N ] O F F I C E - C L A S S R O O M ]

FUNDS FOR MAINTENANCE

[ F L AT- PA C K T O O L S ]

[& COMMUNIT Y HUB]

[& BENCH]

[& C O N T R A C TA B L E P O D ] TYPOLOGIES - FLEXIBLE UNITS SPACE

[ PROTOT YPE : COMMUNIT Y HUB ] Door 2750

Ventilation system

Work unit provide equipment

7800

Computers and computer desks

WORK, EDUCATION

Two sizes of modules.

This can be combined depending on the site 3100 mm

CLICK & RETURN

2710 mm

EXTRA FUNDS FOR SCHOOLS

RESEARCH T YPOLOGIES COMBINED WORK RESEARCH E D U C AT I O N R E S E A R C H FURTHER RESEARCH

STASIS

TYPOLOGIES COMBINED 70 72 74 76 78 80 83 84

WORK, EDUCATION

WORKPLACE WOMEN 47.1%

MEN 52.9%

25.8% ARE FULL-TIME

13%

PUBLIC

20-24

25-34

PRIVATE

87%

AGES 15-19

35-44

45-54

55-64

TIME TIME TUES

WED

LOCATIONS

MON

STASIS

Australian Bureau of Statistics, Labour Force, Australia, Sector (Public/Private) of Main JOb, 2015 | 7 0 | ECO URBAN PRACTICES | Australian Welfare, the welfare of our working-age population, 2015

THURS

FRI

W/E

65+

SCHOOL

GIRLS 310, 655.3 48% GOVERNEMNT 66%

BOYS 335, 702.1 52%

CATHOLIC 19%

INDEPENDENT 15%

AGES 8-9

6-7

10-11

12-13

14-15

16-17

18-19

TIME TUES

WED

THURS

FRI

W/E

LOCATIONS

MON

Australian Bureau of Statistics, Schools, 2019

WORK, EDUCATION

[[ R OOOM O M SS//S S PPAACCEESS - -WWO OR R K PK LPAL CAEC]E ]

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almost 40 % in modern offices, and is still rising. How efficient and effective the communication really is, however, is determined to a great degree by the design and equipment of the space and whether it has been designed to be truly conducive to communication. The purpose that is implicitly 8 Different layout permutations for a divisible, multifunctional conference attached to a space is as important here as the user profile, and seminar space: a Plenary layout the number of people, the communication methods used and b Presentation and discussion layout the equipment provided. Maintaining, asserting or familiarisc Seminar and meeting layout ing,isfor 9 The aesthetic and functional quality of the tools and spaces used an example, requires a completely different spatial and important factor in the value attached to the process result. methodological context than questioning, innovation and 10 Workshop space with storage area to enable a fluid and participatory change processes.

2 a

office. Depending on tne frequency of usage, it may be worth having a dedicated room with the necessary equipment set up or to allow for a flexible and easily adjustable table configuration. The v-shaped conference table can be used as a large oval boardroom table for general meetings, but also opens up into a v-shape, allowing all participants to view the projection screen during a video conference, as well as giving participants on the other side an unobstructed view of everyone at the table. Modern lighting control technology can automatically modify lighting to match the display technology in use – from low lighting during Powerpoint presentations to highlighting participants’ faces during video conferences. On account of both space-efficiency and environmental concerns, frequency of use needs to be considered in the design of conference and meeting rooms. Divisible rooms, using the latest sound-proofing partition walls, allow varying room sizes, which offers greater flexibility in the utilisation of each room. To be able to modify table sizes and seating arrangements accordingly, flexible table systems are recommended. Even so, the effort involved in rearranging tables, as well as storage space requirements for unused furniture, also needs to be taken into account – for example by choosing stackable chairs. Alternatively, divisible conference rooms can be equipped with a combination of movable or folding and static tables, which minimise the time and effort involved in rearranging the room, while still providing high-quality equipment. In this case it would make sense to incorporate power points and Internet sockets within the tabletops rather than in the floor. These days simple socket systems can provide easy and flexible access to the most up-to-date media technology for up to 40 delegates, including power points, USB, network sockets, audio, VGA and interactive button, allowing individual participants to access the current presentation on their own laptop. The key here is to ensure that these concepts are integrated at the design stage. If the table is seen as an installation level in itself then power points set within the floor can be reduced, thereby avoiding a complex floor construction and maximising room height to benefit projection sizes. It also means that the technology is easier to access for updates, and in the event of relocation the entire technological infrastructure can be taken along. For the refurbishment or conversion of old – or even listed – buildings this also offers a suitably intelligent solution. Rooms for education and training In years gone by, the end of one’s training meant that learning was complete. These days, the accepted wisdom is that learning only really begins with the start of one’s professional career. The ever-increasing amount of information to take in and knowledge to accumulate in a rapidly changing marketplace has dramatically shortened the life expectancy of what we thought we had learned for life. Instead, the concept of life-long learning denotes the dynamic change of the world of work and is also reflected in organisations’ training budgets. The demographic transition and its resulting decline in work-

approach in the design of change and innovation processes: a Brainstorming and ideas generation Traditional meeting b Plenary and individual working groups c Presentation of results of an organisation a d Discussion

rooms as a reflection

There have always been symbolic places and gatherings, reflecting the hierarchies within a community. The traditional Designing office buildings like cities meeting format probably forms part of our social make-up. The key questions for knowledge management are therefore: Officially, the objective is to convey information and to help where and how can, and should, people meet within the with decision-making. The other – often subconscious – building – whether by arrangement or by chance? Who objective, meanwhile, is to assert identity and preserve the should ideally bump into whom more frequently? How should current social structure. Rituals, seating arrangement and office spaces be designed to facilitate chance encounters methodology all follow the company’s internal code of conand the exchange of ideas and knowledge? Where, within duct. Invitations, agenda, procedures and minute-taking are the building, should these informal meeting places be, and formalised accordingly. The chairman chairs the meeting, what kind of quality do they need to have to encourage staff often from a raised or otherwise prominent position. The to use them? How do they need to be designed to encourage places next to him or her reflect the importance or familiarity people to spend time there? Knowledge and innovation manof other dignitaries and denote their role within the system. agement therefore has specific requirements regarding the The quality of equipment and overall comfort of the meetdesign of access points and circulation spaces, both outside ing room matches the level within the company hierarchy and within the building. Since the focus is both on the individof its intended users. Furniture and interior design thereual person as well as the collective – the social interactions b fore serve representation purposes – internally as well as between team members – the key here are semi-public externally. spaces: everything that lies between individual workstation Some people feel that traditional forms of meetings and and seminar or meeting room. conferences are no longer appropriate for our time. But this It is no surprise that these concepts of semi-public and pubdisregards the fact that their location, symbolism und protolic space within an office building often use terminology borcol provides a sense of continuity and stability for staff and rowed from an urban design context. Terms such as “node”, management. They represent the culture and inherent sys“office landscape” or “breakout zone” refer to the social qualtems of an organisation. Especially now, as everyday work ities of these “in-between” spaces. While in the past these experience is dominated by constant change, familiar comspaces were seen as a necessary evil, they are now taking pany rituals are increasing in relevance as a fixture and centre stage in a bid to encourage social interaction among orientation point. 8 a staff, thereby facilitating the development of new ideas. Equally though, the design of meeting and conference Entrances, informal catering areas, kitchens and bistros, rooms holds a highly important key when it comes to comlibrary corners, lounge and recreation zones and company municating new values such as transparency, openness cafés or restaurants – all these are spaces that promote exand participation. The shape and design of tables not only change and interaction. Their range of designs and functions determines the number of participants but also the potential – from sofa lounge to multimedia table – and their connection c scope for interactivity. This ranges from long, rectangular boardroom tables, with a prominent seat for the chairman and a limited level of possible interaction, to round tables without any indication of hierarchy and allowing equal interaction for all participants. Even subtle aspects such as tabletop segmentation, cut-outs or the location of table legs can have a direct influence on communication, behaviour and interaction. In addition to these most basic aspects, the technological equipment plays an increasingly important role and needs to be integrated in the design concept from the outset. The greatest limitation is often the height of the room, which determines the size of the projection and therefore the maximum distance from the screen and the appropriate depth of the room. 8 a b Globally networked corporate headquarters now also need d 9 to consider video conferencing options in the design of their

8 a

the seminar and tra design of this space In order to create th neutral design and well as its equipmen in the case of confe b ment, room size and the respective traini Storage space requ the need for extra s from a budgetary pe bthe capital costs of media technology, w the seminar and training room. The primary objective in the installation and aga design of this space is to be conducive to learning. ferent training conc 3 In order to create the best possible learning environment, a that o now available neutral design and easy adaptability of the space itself, as either as stackable well as its equipment and furniture are key. Even more thantables or as mobile in the case of conference and meeting rooms,be table arrangemore expensive ment, room size and technical equipment need support willtooffset the additio the respective training objective. essential to avoid d Storage space requirements, room reconfiguration tions.time The and room des the need for extra staff should be assessed and compared of tab permutations from a budgetary perspective, as they can quickly exceed crows, closed or ope the capital costs of equipment.10This is true in particular forboxes. for the floor 4 media technology, which requires qualified personnel for recognis itsimpor 31 The widely symbolic 28 the seminar and training room. The primary objective in the it is now also becoming more 5 installation and againtofor necessary to suit difoverlooked: room am design of this space is to be conducive to learning. tapany intoalterations the knowledge, experience and ex ferent traininga concepts. As described above, solutionsthe arevalue influence 1 Communication space, architecture office increate Geneva (CH),the 2010, group8 In order to best possible learning environment, who are involved in the implementation of org 2 Divisible meeting room with two static rows of tables and mobile folding now available fully or equipped individual tables – tables; multimedia access points are integrated in the table top and easy training session by neutral design and easy adaptability of the space itself, as that offer change innovation. to access. a In a U-shaped layout. either as stackable tables with detachable or provide foldable legsright is training the seminar well itswallequipment and furniture are key. Even more than The equipment needs to sets b As two separate rooms with as partition in place. 3 Desk configuration dependent on the kind of space, with integrated tables with swivel engage table tops. These mayboth initially opportunity is largel inmedium thelevels case of conference and meeting rooms,or as tablemobile arrangeto actively participants, physica media connections for of interaction and defined seating layout beto more expensive to purchase, but faster difference and easierwith set-up ciated training, 4 Traditional boardroomment, layout with high-quality design and aesthetic room size and technical equipment need support It makes an enormous whether the appeal. will offset the additional cost. Robust surfaces and frames are design and set-up. 5 V-shaped conferencethe table, shown open for use in video conferencing respective training objective. with a predetermined set-up or whether the m (or closed as oval boardroom table). essential avoid damage from frequent roomcontext reconfiguraof parallel the highwi 6 Integrated technologyStorage ranging from “plug & play” table sockets to retractspace requirements, room reconfiguration timetoand is developed collaboratively and in able display screens, enabling delegates to view presentations at the tions. The room design needs to take thetraining different ofofthe budg back of the room. the need for extra staff should be assessed and compared layout. While jointlyaccount rearranging the room, tea 7 Instantly adaptable: mobile, folding or flip-top conference and seminar tables. permutations arrangements – for individual tables, stafffrom on trai from a budgetary perspective, as they can quickly exceed of tablepositive group dynamic issending generated the closed layouts tocontrived arrive at a“warm-up” workable pattern the capital costs of equipment. This is true in rows, particular for or openthe need –for exercises. F for the floor Innovate, media technology, which requires qualified personnel for boxes. its additional staff are needed to set updevelop, the room The symbolic importance of seminar design is to often A third category ofwd installation and again for any alterations necessary to suit difThe concept canroom be compared an actual room ambience and quality equipment will project and worksho ferent training concepts. As described above,overlooked: solutions are which the group canoftake the tools it requires influence is subconsciously to the flipchar organisational chan now available that offer fully equipped individual tablesthe – value that at hand: chairs, desks,attached display walls, Whether part in a with tion. Working either as stackable tables with detachable or training foldablesession legs by participants. ment, mobile, foldabletaking or swivel tables. Herefa training as a tedious or mapping, asquality a valued written or as mobile tables with swivel table tops. These may seminar initially is seen the aesthetic andchore functional of thesedis to opportunity is largelyon determined by the social prestige assoage creativity, all inv be more expensive to purchase, but faster and easier set-up the proceedings and their results should n with training, and this is also expressed in the tables room archies and discipli will offset the additional cost. Robust surfacesciated and frames are estimated. Dynamic conference are th 6 and set-up. To scrimp here seems absurd inaffected the will be essential to avoid damage from frequent roomdesign reconfiguraincreasingly used, in suitably high quality,by in at context of the high importance attributedsituations to training, thethey sizeallow psychological bene tions. The room design needs to take account of the different ing and conference – as of the training overall and the use costs with spac permutations of table arrangements – for individual tables, budget tive and efficient of associated expensive office sending pattern staff on training seminars in the first place. 30 rows, closed or open layouts – to arrive at a workable STASIS

Burkhard Burkhard Remmers, Remmers,Office OfficeDesign Designand andknowlegde knowlegde

for the floor boxes. Promoting social interaction as a central t Innovate, develop, change The symbolic importance of seminar room design is often knowledge management A third category of dedicated spacefor aremost organ overlooked: room ambience and quality of equipment will One of thecommunication greatest challenges

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aining room. The primary objective in the it is now also becoming more widely recognised that it is wise e is to be conducive to learning. to tap into the knowledge, experience and expertise of those he best possible learning environment, a who are involved in the implementation of organisational easy adaptability of the space itself, as change or innovation. nt and furniture are key. Even more than The equipment needs to provide the right setting and tools erence and meeting rooms, table arrangeto actively engage participants, both physically and mentally. d technical equipment need to support It makes an enormous difference whether the meeting starts ing objective. with a predetermined set-up or whether the methodology uirements, room reconfiguration time and is developed collaboratively and in parallel with the room staff should be assessed and compared layout. While jointly rearranging the room, team spirit and a erspective, as they can quickly exceed positive group dynamic is generated from the outset, without equipment. This is true in cparticular for the need for contrived “warm-up” exercises. Furthermore, no which requires qualified personnel for its additional staff are needed to set up the room beforehand. it is becoming more widely it is wise ain fornow anyalso alterations necessary to suitrecognised difThethat concept can be compared to an actual workshop from to tapAs into the knowledge, and expertise of those cepts. described above, experience solutions are which the group can take the tools it requires for the task who fully are involved inindividual the implementation offer equipped tables – of organisational at hand: chairs, desks, display walls, flipcharts, AV equipchangewith or innovation. tables detachable or foldable legs ment, mobile, foldable or swivel tables. Here too, the impact The equipment to provide right setting and toolsand functional quality of these tools can have with swivel tableneeds tops. These may the initially the aesthetic to actively engage participants, both physically purchase, but faster and easier set-up onand the mentally. proceedings and their results should not be underIt makes enormous difference whether meeting starts onal cost.an Robust surfaces and frames are the estimated. Dynamic conference tables are therefore also with a predetermined set-upreconfiguraor whether the methodology damage from frequent room increasingly used, in suitably high quality, in traditional meetis developed parallel with room sign needs to collaboratively take account ofand the in different ingthe and conference situations – as they allow for cost-effeclayout. While jointly rearranging the room, team spirit a ble arrangements – for individual tables, tive andand efficient use of expensive office space. positive dynamic generated from the outset, without en layoutsgroup – to arrive at a is workable pattern the need for contrived “warm-up” exercises. Furthermore, no Promoting social interaction as a central task of additional needed to set up the roomknowledge beforehand.management rtance room design is often sed thatofitseminar isstaff wiseare The concept can be of compared to an from mbience quality equipment willactual workshop One of the greatest challenges for most organisations is how xpertise ofand those which the group can take the tools it requires for the task share and develop the combined knowledge that is subconsciously attached to the to document, ganisational at hand: chairs, desks,taking display walls, AV teams, equip- beyond formal training sessions. A common participants. Whether part in a flipcharts, of its ment,as mobile, foldable tables. Here too, the impact here is that knowledge management is mainly seen a tools tedious choreororswivel as a valued misconception tting and the aesthetic and functional quality of these tools can have ly determined by the social prestige assoa question of data management. Of course, documentation ally and mentally. the proceedings and their results should not under- of information is the basis for explaining and and this is also expressed in the room andbeavailability e, on meeting starts estimated. Dynamic conference also To scrimp here seems absurd intables the are therefore clarifying processes and procedures. However, company methodology increasingly used, in suitably highthe quality, importance to training, size in traditional databasesmeetand Intranets store information – not knowledge. with the roomattributed ingspirit and and conference situations – as they get overall and associated with allow for Thecost-effecknowledge itself remains inside people’s heads. In its am a the costs tive and efficient of expensive office space. seminars in use the first place. true complexity and depth of experience it can only ever be eining outset, without stored as information in rudimentary form. Furthermore, no social interaction as a central task of knowledge therefore means, above all communicat, Promoting change Sharing m beforehand. knowledge managementspace are dedicated communication ing knowledge, and this is still always achieved most effecworkshop from One of the challenges for most organisations is how face-to-face conversation. Change processes forgreatest initiating and developing tively in direct, sop forrooms the task to document, and develop combined knowledge nge processes, improvements andthe innovathat do not also become part of everyday conversation within rts, AV equip- share of itsthe teams, beyond formal training sessions.an A common acilitators, methodologies such as mindorganisation have little chance of being implemented. too, impact misconception hereprocesses is that knowledge management mainly into innovation processes shows that more scussion and other to encourIndeed,isresearch ools can have a question of data management. Of course, documentation volve collaboratively across hierthan 80 % of ideas are generated as part of direct interaction not beworking underand availability of information is the basis and ines, andalso engaging with stakeholders who for explaining between people. Important insights are often the result of a herefore clarifying processes procedures. company any planned changes.and In addition to theHowever, chance encounter in the staff canteen, in the car park or traditional meetdatabases and staff Intranets storethe information knowledge. enabling to “own” process, – not while waiting for the lift. wefits for of cost-effecThe knowledge itself remains inside people’s heads. In its ce. true complexity and depth of experience it can only ever be WORK, EDUCATION stored task of as information in rudimentary form. Sharing knowledge therefore means, above all communicating knowledge, nisations is how and this is still always achieved most effec-

[ R O O MS / S PA C E S - S C H O O L ]

[PRINCIPLE/ TEACHER OFFICES]

[CL ASSROOM]

[MUSIC ROOM]

[ART ROOM]

STASIS

[COMPUTE

ER ROOM]

[LIBRARY]

[LOCKERS]

[SPORT FACILITES]

[ P L AY G R O U N D ]

WORK, EDUCATION

[ S PPAACCIIAALL CCOOM M PPA AR RI SI SO ON N - -W W O ROR K PKLPALCAEC /E S/C SH CO HO OO L ] [ OF[ OF FI CF IEC ET YTPY IPCI A- L ] CAL]

[ M E E[TMI ENEGT IRNOOM G S] ROOMS]

[ W OR [ W OK RS KH -OP ] SHOP]

[ C ON F[ CE OR NE FNECR SEMI

S C H OOL

OF F I C E

rooms as a reflection

There have always been symbolic places and gatherings, reflecting the hierarchies within a community. The traditional Designing office buildings like cities meeting format probably forms part of our social make-up. The key questions for knowledge management are therefore: Officially, the objective is to convey information and to help where and how can, and should, people meet within the with decision-making. The other – often subconscious – building – whether by arrangement or by chance? Who objective, meanwhile, is to assert identity and preserve the should ideally bump into whom more frequently? How should current social structure. Rituals, seating arrangement and office spaces be designed to facilitate chance encounters methodology all follow the company’s internal code of conand the exchange of ideas and knowledge? Where, within duct. Invitations, agenda, procedures and minute-taking are the building, should these informal meeting places be, and formalised accordingly. The chairman chairs the meeting, what kind of quality do they need to have to encourage staff often from a raised or otherwise prominent position. The to use them? How do they need to be designed to encourage places next to him or her reflect the importance or familiarity people to spend time there? Knowledge and innovation manof other dignitaries and denote their role within the system. agement therefore has specific requirements regarding the The quality of equipment and overall comfort of the meetdesign of access points and circulation spaces, both outside ing room matches the level within the company hierarchy and within the building. Since the focus is both on the individof its intended users. Furniture and interior design thereual person as well as the collective – the social interactions b fore serve representation purposes – internally as well as between team members – the key here are semi-public externally. spaces: everything that lies between individual workstation Some people feel that traditional forms of meetings and and seminar or meeting room. conferences are no longer appropriate for our time. But this It is no surprise that these concepts of semi-public and pubdisregards the fact that their location, symbolism und protolic space within an office building often use terminology borcol provides a sense of continuity and stability for staff and rowed from an urban design context. Terms such as “node”, management. They represent the culture and inherent sys“office landscape” or “breakout zone” refer to the social qualtems of an organisation. Especially now, as everyday work ities of these “in-between” spaces. While in the past these experience is dominated by constant change, familiar comspaces were seen as a necessary evil, they are now taking pany rituals are increasing in relevance as a fixture and centre stage in a bid to encourage social interaction among orientation point. staff, thereby facilitating the development of new ideas. Equally though, the design of meeting and conference Entrances, informal catering areas, kitchens and bistros, rooms holds a highly important key when it comes to comlibrary corners, lounge and recreation zones and company municating new values such as transparency, openness cafés or restaurants – all these are spaces that promote exand participation. The shape and design of tables not only change and interaction. Their range of designs and functions determines the number of participants but also the potential – from sofa lounge to multimedia table – and their connection c scope for interactivity. This ranges from long, rectangular boardroom tables, with a prominent seat for the chairman and a limited level of possible interaction, to round tables without any indication of hierarchy and allowing equal interaction for all participants. Even subtle aspects such as tabletop segmentation, cut-outs or the location of table legs can have a direct influence on communication, behaviour and interaction. In addition to these most basic aspects, the technological equipment plays an increasingly important role and needs to be integrated in the design concept from the outset. The greatest limitation is often the height of the room, which determines the size of the projection and therefore the maximum distance from the screen and the appropriate depth of the room. Globally networked corporate headquarters now also need d 9 to consider video conferencing options in the design of their

2 a

[ C L A S S R OOM ]

[P R I N C I P L E / T E A C H E R OF F I C E S ]

[ A R T R OOM ]

[L I B R A R Y ]

[ C L A S S R OOM ]

[ C OM P U T E R R OOM ]

8 a

[ C OM P U T E R R OOM ]

[ M U S I C R OOM ]

the seminar and t design of this spa In order to create neutral design an well as its equipm in the case of con ment, room size a the respective tra [C L A S S Storage space re the need for extra from a budgetary the capital costs o media technology installation and ag ferent training con now available tha either as stackab or as mobile table be more expensiv will offset the add essential to avoid tions. The room d permutations [ P RofI Nta rows, closed or o T Efloor A C Hboxes ER for the The symbolic imp overlooked: room influence the valu training session b training seminar i opportunity is larg ciated with trainin design and set-u context of the hig of the training bud sending staff on t

Innovate, [ C OM P develo UTER A third category o project and works organisational ch tion. Working with mapping, written age creativity, all archies and disci will be affected b psychological be

[P R I N C I P L E / T E A C H E R OF F I C E S ]

[ C L A S S R OOM ]

STASIS

OL ] ]

REE N/ CSEE M / INAR INAR

[ K I T C H EE NN]]

[ C OM [MC UO NMAMLU NL OU AL NGE] LOUNGE]

[ I N F R[ IOM T IENEGT I RN OOM S] N F AR LO MMAELE M G ROOMS]

training room. The primary objective in the it is now also becoming more widely recognised that it is wise ace is to be conducive to learning. to tap into the knowledge, experience and expertise of those e the best possible learning environment, a who are involved in the implementation of organisational nd easy adaptability of the space itself, as change or innovation. ment and furniture are key. Even more than The equipment needs to provide the right setting and tools nference and meeting rooms, table arrangeto actively engage participants, both physically and mentally. and technical equipment need to support It makes an enormous difference whether the meeting starts [L I B R A R Y ] objective. with a predetermined set-up or whether the methodology Saining R OOM ] equirements, room reconfiguration time and is developed collaboratively and in parallel with the room [ S T A F F R OOM ] a staff should be assessed and compared layout. While jointly rearranging the room, team spirit and a y perspective, as they can quickly exceed positive group dynamic is generated from the outset, without of equipment. This is true in particular for the need for contrived “warm-up” exercises. Furthermore, no y, which requires qualified personnel for its additional staff are needed to set up the room beforehand. gain for any alterations necessary to suit difThe concept can be compared to an actual workshop from ncepts. As described above, solutions are which the group can take the tools it requires for the task at offer fully equipped individual tables – at hand: chairs, desks, display walls, flipcharts, AV equip[ C A N TEEN] ble tables with detachable or foldable legs ment, mobile, foldable or swivel tables. Here too, the impact es with swivel table tops. These may initially the aesthetic and functional quality of these tools can have ve to purchase, but faster and easier set-up on the proceedings and their results should not be underditional cost. Robust surfaces and frames are estimated. Dynamic conference tables are therefore also d damage from frequent room reconfiguraincreasingly used, in suitably high quality, in traditional meetdesign needs to take account of the different ing and conference situations – as they allow for cost-effec– for individual tables, tive and efficient use of expensive office space. Nable C I Parrangements LE/ open layouts – to arrive at a workable pattern [ S P OR T F A C I L I T E S ] Rs. OF F I C E S ] Promoting social interaction as a central task of portance of seminar room design is often knowledge management m ambience and quality of equipment will One of the greatest challenges for most organisations is how ue that is subconsciously attached to the to document, share and develop the combined knowledge by participants. Whether taking part in a of its teams, beyond formal training sessions. A common is seen as a tedious chore or as a valued misconception here is that knowledge management is mainly gely determined by the social prestige assoa question of data management. Of course, documentation ng, and this is also expressed in the room and availability of information is the basis for explaining and up. To scrimp here seems absurd in the clarifying processes and procedures. However, company gh importance attributed to training, the size databases and Intranets store information – not knowledge. dget overall and the costs associated with The knowledge itself remains inside people’s heads. In its training seminars in the first place. true complexity and depth of experience it can only ever be stored as information in rudimentary form. op, Sharing knowledge therefore means, above all communicatR Rchange OOM ] of dedicated communication space are ing knowledge, and this is still always achieved most effecshop rooms for initiating and developing tively in direct, face-to-face conversation. Change processes hange processes, improvements and innovathat do not also become part of everyday conversation within h facilitators, methodologies such as mindan organisation have little chance of being implemented. discussion and other processes to encourIndeed, research into innovation processes shows that more involve working collaboratively across hierthan 80 % of ideas are generated as part of direct interaction iplines, and engaging with stakeholders who between people. Important insights are often the result of a by any planned changes. In addition to the chance encounter in the staff canteen, in the car park or enefits of enabling staff to “own” the process, while waiting for the lift.

[L I B R A R Y ]

[ S P OR T F A C I L I T E S ]

[ L OC K E R S ]

WORK, EDUCATION

PROPOSAL [CO WORKING FACILITIES IMPLEMENTED NE AR SCHOOL S]

T YPICAL MODEL KINDERGARTEN --> OFFICE BUILDING

NEW MODEL OFFICE --> SCHOOL

STASIS

- No commute

- opportunity for interation, and innovation

[ A D VA N TA G E ]

- as parent removes the stress of before/after school pick ups

- cross polination of industry - effective team work opportunities

- Work life balance - No office distractions

- level playing feild for workers

- greater pool of appplicants

- imporved health and well-being

[SPEED] [BUMPS]

- Funding - Getting schools on board - privacy/polocy issues

[ D I S A D VA N TA G E ]

- membership system

- hiring new staffa nd traing challenges - Information and Security risks - information security problems could be more likely to occur.

WORK, EDUCATION

[ C L A S S I F I C AT I O N O F L E A R N I N G / W O R K I N G ]

[ F U L LY R E M O T E ]

STASIS

[HYBRID REMOTE]

WORK, EDUCATION

[ON SITE]

STASIS

[ T YPOLOGIES]

[DESIGN GUIDELINES/PRINCIPLES] Ad a p t a b i l i t y as a school set up vs a work setup Fl e x i b i l i t y with spaces - eg. operable par titions Open/ex ternal stairs cases for circulation Easy to clean material Shelter/furniture ex ternally for outdoor meeting O u t d o o r terrace meeting room Different levels/double height space to retain visual connection with people but at a safe distance. Tra ns p a r e n c y - to the governing but also to allow passive obser vation. People are feeling isolated so its not to make them feel apar t of a wider Communit y. Engagement on the street. No need for car spaces (or less) as people live closer and can walk or ride Using c o l o u r for play and visual cues

[ AMENIT Y] Work and Learning Spaces - classroom/conference rooms Librar y Meeting rooms/classrooms School – areas to “play ” Café Movie theatre Audio-visual recording studios Maker space - workshop, 3D printer ect

WORK, EDUCATION

[CA SE STUDY: BMW GUGGENHEIM L AB] A STREET STUDIO? CLASSROOM? OFFICE?

This space has street access on two sides and all of the equipment (screens, lighting etc) can be lowered when required. It’s an idyllic space for educational activities and local events. It’s an interesting case study for potential flexible outdoor learning and working spaces too.

STASIS

WORK, EDUCATION

SOURCE: Atelier Bow-Wow

WORK 88 90 94 96 98 100 101 102 103 104 106 109 110 111

STASIS

WORK, EDUCATION

[WORKPLACE CHANGES TIMELINE]

STASIS

WORK, EDUCATION

[1950]

[1960]

The 1950â&#x20AC;&#x2122;s office layout were full of large/clunky pieces of furniture, often two people to one desk. There were large heavy filing cabinets filled with paperwork, with minimal technology. Men made up 2/3 of the workforce and hours were strictly 9-5.

The rise of G-Plan furniture in the home and office allowed workspaces to become more colourful, playful and contemporary. Layouts generally were more spacious, and designed to be easy to clean around. It was more likely for workers to have personal desk storage, meaning more trust and freedom. Office Layout

Office Layout

% Of Men aged 16-54 in the workforce

Working hours

Technology

STASIS

Parliament of Australia, Women in the Australian workforce: A 2013 update, https://www.aph.gov.au/ Open, A historical timeline of office design, https://opencreatesspace.com/2019/05/17/a-historical-timeline-of-office-design/

[1970]

[1980]

The major development in the 1970s’ was private workstations and a more vibrant workplace. New technologies included the telephone, however office were still full of paperwork and storage cabinets.

The 1980’s saw the introduction of personal computers on each desk along with more ergonomic chairs. Work spaces became more private with low rise cubicles and employees were encourage to personalise their desk. Due to the increase of technology, offices were full of wires and health & safety began to creep into people’s conscience. Office Layout

Office Layout

% Of Men aged 16-54 in the workforce

Working hours

Technology

WORK, EDUCATION

[1990]

[2000]

In the 1990â&#x20AC;&#x2122;s (and in some office before) there was the introduction of private cubicles. Computers were still big, however there was an increase in mobile phones, photocopiers, fax machines and technology as a whole.

Computers became thinner and more light weight taking up less desk space. Mobile phones were smaller and emails were the main form of communication meaning less paperwork for the first time. Office culture became more casual and workplaces evolved into a freely open plan arrangement. Office Layout

Office Layout

% of Men aged 16-54 in the workforce

Working hours

Technology

STASIS

[2010]

[FUTURE]

Creative, casual, fun, engaging, colourful, interactive, inspiring, comfortable office environments can we found in every city across the country. Office became designed to improve employee engagement and moral with open plan office, breakout space and co working facilities. Office Layout

It is undeniable the future will hold great technological advance in he realm of work, with the like of Ai and Big data. Some job will become automated however new jobs will arise. In light of COVID there has been a rapid shift across many industries towards working remotely. Organisations are investing in remote working technology and infrastructure and the popularity of virtual communications has surged. This that will change - The 9-5 working day - Greater opportunity for more people - Emerging technologies - Real estate needs - Mental health and connection - Health and safety extend into home office - Traditional management challenge % of Men aged 16-54 in the workforce

% of Men aged 16-54 in the workforce

Working hours

Technology

WORK, EDUCATION

[ L O C AT I O N ]

1950 - 1980

1990 - 2010

Melbourne

Geelong

STASIS

Future

Melbourne

Cremone

Melbourne

WORK, EDUCATION

[ I M P L I C AT I O N , I S S U E S A N D I N S I G H T S F O R F U T U R E W O R K ]

[3 T YPES OF WORKERS]

“WORK FROM HOME” EMPLOYEES

“ E S S E N T I A L” O R “ L I F E S U S TA I N I N G ” EMPLOYEES

STOOD DOWN OR L AID OFF EMPLOYEES

[HISTORY OR CRISIS’] S PA N I S H F LU - KILLED

MILLION PEOPLE WORLDWIDE

CHANGE - U N I V E R S A L H E A LT H - C A R E ( E U R O P E ) - EMPLOYER -BASED INSURANCE SCHEMES (US)

9/11 CHANGE - S U R V E I L L A N C E , S E C U R I T Y A N D P R I VA C Y

STASIS

[ENVIRONMENT] PRIOR TO COVID - BEST PRACTICES FOR WORK FORM HOME - Actions to generate maintain connection - Actions to focus and inspire their work - Explicit routines that enable work and provide boundaries between work and home life - a designated place where the work is performed as well as an underlying purpose for the work that enables and inspires productivity as circumstances become challenging FUTURE RESEARCH - Examine whether and how the COVID-19 quarantines affected work productivity, creatively and innovation - Examine the motivation, authenticity at work as circumstances become challenging

[LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT]

PRIOR TO COVID - Successful leader are - those skilled to make the right decisions and provide reassurance through a balanced mix of optimism and realism regarding the future. -Effective leaders strive (in any time period) to project vision FUTURE RESEARCH - if leaders clearly state their values that will guide institutional actions - Understand and openly discuss the travails and hopes of their organizations -Clearly communicate an ambitious vision of the direction that the unit will head toward -Demonstrate confidence that strategic goals can be achieved

[VIRTUAL TEAMS]

PRIOR TO COVID - Research shows that virtual team lack communication richness available in face to face - Traditional teamwork problems such as conflict and coordination can escalate quickly in virtual teams - Recommendation - building structural scaffold that mitigate conflicts and align team member. formalise team process, clarify team goals, and build-in structural solutions to foster psychologically safe discussions FUTURE RESEARCH - Look at the effects on helping and proscoial behaviour WORK, EDUCATION

[NEW T YPOLOGIES TO EMERGE]

[ C U LT U R E C L U B ]

[IN AND OUT]

- Imagines the office as a place for only meetings

- In and Out has more desks and cubicles but still relies on people working remotely

- Working independently from home is required with people only traveling to work when in-person collaboration is necessary

- Relies on rotating teams and imagines just a percentage of the company in the office. Desks and private tables with barriers fill the space.

- Reduction of 30%-50% of the office floor plate - Small groupings of sofas, coffee tables, chairs and cafe tables outfit almost the entire office-

STASIS

Woods Bagot, Where Do We Work From Here, https://www.woodsbagot.com/journal/where-do-we-work-from-here/

[COMMUNIT Y NODES]

- Nodes includes a central office and smaller offices that are closer to employeesâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; homes-

[COLLECTIVES]

- The Collectives layout most closely resembles a typical open-plan office

- The scheme envisions employees working out of home but in hubs that are closer to employees apartments and houses

- An open-plan office with clusters of places to work and take breaks. It most closely resembles offices and co-working spaces pre-coronavirus

- This catered for peopleâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s reduced desire to take public transport, being large groups of people

- However it employees social distancing rules through circulations paths and separated areas

WORK, EDUCATION

[WORKING FROM HOME - AD-APT]

[ D AY M O D E ]

- In Day Mode the two moveable booths are separated to form a home office with a desk and a living and dining room

[EVENING MODE]

- For the evening hours, the flexible volumes can divide the open apartment into three rooms.

[COLLECTIVES]

- Play mode allows for a large open space for entertaining

Simon Saint, Woods Bagot, How will new buildings adapt to the new realisties of home? , https://www.woodsbagot.com/ 100

STASIS

[NOMADA DESK , ENRIQUE TOVER]

- A desk for post-coronavirus work environments that folds up so it can be carried to different locations - Name stems from the latin word nomadis referencing the flexible nature of the design and its ability to be easily transported - To transport the desk the legs and the boards fit into its bottom. A rounded handle placed in the front is used to lift and carry the compact volume, can be disassembled and transported in just a few minutes

Kristine Klein, Enrique Tovar designs portable Nďż˝mada desk for working outside of the office, https://www.dezeen.com/2020/06/27/ enrique-tovar-portable-nomada-desk-working-outside-office/ WORK, EDUCATION

101

[WORK FORM HOME - EMPLOYER]

[ A D VA N TA G E ]

[ D I S A D VA N TA G E ]

[ VA R I E D] - Difficulty monitoring performance - Cost of working from home - initial costs of training and providing suitable equipment, including adaptations to meet health and safety standards.

- To a wider pool of applicants

- Financial savings - on office space and other facilities

The industry that you work within ability to work from home

- Staff development - difficulty of maintaining staff development and upgrading skills. - Information and Security risks information security problems could be more likely to occur.

- Greater opportunity for more people

-Increase Cost - technology - Communication Problems - Not all jobs suit working from home

Microsoft, Virtual Reality as a Remote Workspace Platform: Opportunities and Challenges, https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/ publication/virtual-reality-as-a-remote-workspace-platform-opportunities-and-challenges/, August 2020 102

STASIS

[WORK FROM HOME - EMPLOYEE]

[ A D VA N TA G E ]

[ D I S A D VA N TA G E ]

[ VA R I E D]

- No commute

- Flexible work hours

- Not a level playing field - Increase/decrease in quality of work Environment

- Work life balance - Productivity Gains -Comfy Clothes

- No office distractions

- Health and Well-being

WORK, EDUCATION

- No unplanned face-to-face interactions are important drivers of new ideas, an effect often known as the “strength of weak ties”

- Effective Teamwork opportunities

- Hiring new staff and training challenges

103

[ P R OOT T OOT T YYPPEESS FFOOR R WWO OR R K ]K ]

[R A I L ]

[TURNING WALL] BUILDING AS EQUIPMENT: TURNING WALL

ENLIGHTEN

TURNING WALL

EMPATHY BENCH

ENLIGHTEN

1 20

1 100

1 200

RAIL

0 30

MOVING PASSION PARTITION (SEE OBJECT 18 FOR FURTHER DETAILS)

WARDROBE / STORAGE MODULE WITH CUSTOM DOOR PULLS. LAMINATE IN CONTRAST COLOUR.

2100

TYPICAL WALL DIMENSIONS

[E M PAT H Y B E N C H ]

1 20

BUILDING AS EQUIPMENT: RAIL

[E N L I G H T E N ]

STAINLESS STEEL CURTAIN AND PROP LOOPS TO ALLOW FOR ATTACHMENT AND TRANSPORTATION

BAR LEDGE TIMBER 400W X 20D TIMBER BOOKSHELF

50MM DIA CHS BENT ROD PROFILE AS CURTAIN RAIL

INDIVIDUAL DESKS AND SCREENS. DESKS 400 X 400 X 20MM TIMBER

LED LIGHING RECTANGLE 0 24

SIDE

7 13

6 18

2000

BACK

LENG TH

HEIGHT PENDING

TV FIXED TO WALL STEEL ROPE (10MM THICK) FOR HANGING OF HEAVIER PROPS

DEPE

ND ING

USE

MOVEABLE / ROTATABLE STAND TO LIGHT HEAD. WIRING THROUGH CENTRE OF PLASTIC ROD FRON T SI DE

1229

40MM TIMBER SUPPORT SLATS

BASE STAND FOR LIGHTS P/C DARK CHARCOAL

40MM TIMBER FRAME UNDER SLATS IPHONE CHARGING CORD

SINGLE LARGE SHARED DESK 600 X WALL LENGTH X 20MM TIMBER WITH SHARED LARGE SCREEN

30MM DIA DOWEL LEGS TO EACH CORNER TIMBER 'COFFEE' TABLE HINGED OFF WALL. TIMBER 400MM L X 300 MM W X 20MM D SOFA ADJACENT TO TV. UPHOLSTERED IN CONTRAST COLOUR FABRIC WITH 100MM MEMORY FOAM ON HIDDEN TIMBER FRAME STAINLESS STEEL BASEPLATE TO WALL ROTATIONAL HINGE

CURTAIN; APPREARANCE VARIES PENDING USE (OPACITY, COLOUR, LENGTH ETC)

126

TBC

EXTENDABLE LEGS TYPICAL THROUGHOUT. STAINLESS STEEL WITH RUBBER STOPPER FOR STRUCTURAL SUPPORT

NOTE: LENGTH AND HEIGHT DEPENDENT ON USE

USE

GENERALLY THROUGHOUT

TURNING WALL

TENANCY FLOORS AND EDITING SUITES (MARSICK AND WATKINS 1990)

STREET FURNITURE

PURPOSE

A rail to allow for to ease in movement of props and equip. in simulations

To enable for a variety of scenarios to be tested in tandem.

Enhance situational awareness of participants

To emphasise the value in being empathetic & diversity in experience

DESCRIPTION

A typical stainless steel rod at 50mm diametre, follows a variety of paths

Designed as the built form equivalent of the ‘Turning Table’ the Turning Wall suggests scenario building on a case by case basis. It is specifically used by participants when designing experiment situations. Each side of the wall suggests a different option of how an individual might best function at the given time frame. The designer must choose the combination.

This desk light enhances an individuals ability to surveillance through both atmospheric (lighting), visual (mirrors) and digital means (iphone tracking and video)

Drop you shoes off and pick up some one else’s. Take a walk in their shoes upon entering the building.

Architecturally this translates into the Watkins Library L12 (specialising in experience based knowledge)

W H AT

- Workspaces infrastructure in their home in their homes Ergonomic task chair Height-adjustable desk Desk lamp Access to a wireless network Noise-cancelling audio equipment Plus IT equipment 104

STASIS

C OU L D P R OT OT Y P E S

PHYSICAL

Nicole Cortesea, Cortesea, Major MajorProject Project- -Work, Work,Work, Work,Work, Work,RMIT, RMIT,2019 2019

F OR

[ H OI S T ]

[ P A S S I ON P A R T I T I ON ]

BUILDING AS EQUIPMENT: HOIST

[ P Y R A M I D OF M OT I V A T I ON ]

PASSION PARTITION

PYRAMID OF MOTIVATION

HOME OFFICE

1 100

1 200

1 50

HOME OFFICE

PYRAMID OF MOTIVATION

PASSION PARTITION

HOIST

[ H OM E OF F I C E ]

STAINLESS STEEL STRUCTURE TO HOISTS. MAIN STRUCTURE AT 75MM DIA

TACTILE INDICATORS TO STAIRS TO ALLOW FOR SAFE PUBLIC USE

9 71

2475

2 217 8 71

12 18

9 71 126

1306

347

TOILET AND JOINERY POD TO BE CLAD IN PLYWOOD AND PAINTED IN CONTRAST COLOUR ALCOVE FOR COOKBOOKS

54 7

341 STAINLESS STEEL STANDS TO PARTITIONS

300

PAINTING

1100 0 (x)

CURTAIN TO SIDE OF BED. OPAQUE FABRIC.

0 70

CUT OUT TO PARTITION FOR HANDS

PROPRIETARY TASK CHAIR

GTH LEN

1266

EAVESDROPPING DEVICE 20MM PARITIONS

6 54

50MM DIA STAINLESS STEEL CHS LEG TO DESK

SOLID TIMBER TO FRAMEWORK UNDER

1238

SUCCESSION OF HOISTS QUANTITY DEPENDENT

CURTIAN TO SIDE OF BED OPENS TO DESK WORK DESK WITH BOOK SHELF ABOVE. INDIVIDUAL SEATED ON MATTRESS TO WORK

BED 'ROOM' PARTITION. PLYWOOD 1200MM X 2400MM

2205

000 11

CUT OUT TO PARITION FOR LEGS

JOINERY TO UNDERSIDE OF BED ON EACH SIDE. PLYWOOD OPEN SHELVING AND SLIDING PANELS TO BACKSIDE SEAT AND NEWSPAPER HOLDER. CURVED ROD WITH LEATHER CONTRAST COLOUR UPHOLSTERED SEAT WITH 50MM MEMORY FOAM

41 2

163

CURTIAN RAIL 50MM DIA CHS STAINLESS STEEL WITH STIANLESS STEEL CURTAIN RINGS

TIMBER STAIRS TO MATCH SEATING

CUSTOMISED STANDARD PARTITIONS LIGHTWEIGHT GREY PINBOARD WITH 10 MM STAINLESS STEEL BORDER

ROPES ATTACHED TO HOISTS FOR MOVEMENT OF PROPS AND OBJECTS

TEA TOWEL HOLDER 10MM DIA BENT STAINLESS STEEL ROD STAINLESS STEEL SPLASHBACK AND BENCHTOP WITH 10MM SHADOW LINE TO EDGE TILED PLINTH TO 1000MM CIRCULATION SPACE ALCOVE FOR APPLIANCES (OVEN, FRIDGE ETC)

LOCKABLE CASTER'S TO ALLOW FOR TRANSPORTABILITY

INDICATIVE FLOOR AND VOID FOR CLARITY

180MM PLINTH TO HOME OFFICE

USE

GENERALLY THROUGHOUT

GENERALLY THROUGHOUT (WALES ET AL 1993 & KOLB 1998)

PUBLIC INFORMATION FLOOR (MASLOW 1943)

‘LIVING’ FLOORS (AURELI & SHEHERAZADE 2018 AND LEONHARD & STEINMETZ 2016) PURPOSE

PURPOSE

To allow for easy interchange of equipment and props between experiments

To encourage intimate interactions and experiments in emotional intelligence

To allow individuals the chance to climb and sit on a variety of layers

DESCRIPTION

Typical pully system with wheel stations at a variety of key points throughout the building

Hot desk your way to a new friend, lover or foe and see what happens! Individuals can use touch, feel, sound and smell as a means of relatively anonymous contact with their work neighbour.

The Pyramid of Motivation deciphers information on how an individual might view themselves (perhaps in relation to Maslow’s Heirachy of Needs). It offers a platform for people to sit and mingle and suggests feels of both power and powerless pending the individuals position in space.

Architecturally this translates into the wall system present within the simulation spaces. This is made from rails (see page 26), curtains (pg. 28) and partitions with the ability of clash and overlap. -

W OR K

F R OM

H OM E

To assess the relationship between the home and work

The home office provides all an individual needs to live and work in a combined environment. The space does not suggest or encourage to be used in a particular way, it is at the discretion of the participant. This module can be moved in the large building lift or set up in a more permanent way.

( W F H ) L OOK L I K E ?

P H Y S I OL OG I C A L - Workspaces/companies will need to provide emotional support Staff connections Staff well-being Stress and anxiety levels Social initiatives

WORK, EDUCATION

105

| WORK + EDUCATION | 1 0 1 |

[ D ATA - W O R K P L A C E C L O S U R E D U R I N G C O V I D ( A U S ) ] MARCH APRIL 2020

P E R C E N TA G E C H A N G E I N ‘ E M P LO Y E E J O B S ’ S I N C E C O V I D - 1 9 CLOSURES

P E R C E N TA G E WA G E R E D U C T I O N , B Y S TAT E A N D G E N D E R

106

STASIS

Our World Data, Work Place Closures During COVID-19 Pandemic, https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/workplace-closures-covid

AUSTRALIAN UNEMPLOYMENT SINCE 1978: SHORT SPIKES, LONG RECOVERIES

NEW JOB ADS FELL ALMOST BY 30% IN MARCH

W E E K LY C H A N G E I N J O B B Y A G E G R O U P

WORK, EDUCATION

107

JOB SEEKER CL AIMS SINCE COVID-19 CLOSURES

TO TA L J O B S E E K E R S , 2 8 -F E B TO 24 A P R I L , 2 0 2 0

108

STASIS

Our World Data, Work Place Closures During COVID-19 Pandemic, https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/workplace-closures-covid

[ D ATA - P E O P L E W H O C A N W F H V S N O . C O V I D C A S E S ] J U LY 1 6 2 0 2 0

MITCHELL

MACEDON RANGES

WHITTLESEA HUME

NILLUMBIK

MELTON BRIMBANK

MORELAND DAREBIN MOONEE VALLEY

MANNINGHAM

MARIBYRNONG

YARRA MELBOURNE

WAYNDHAM

HIBSONS BAY

BANYULE

PHILLIP BAYSIDE

BOROONDARA STONNINGTON

MAROONDAH

WHITEHORSE

KNOX

MONASH GLEN EIRA

KINGSTON

GREATER DANDENONG CASEY FRANKSTON

LENGEND

This map initiates in what area residents are more likely able to work from home (from analysing the Australian Bureau of Statistics Census data on employment types,) and the co-relating COVID-19 cases for those areas. The map reveals that there a less people employed in occupations suitable for working from home in many of the northern and western areas of Melbourne. This amount of people is particularly low in the Hume area where COVID-19 cases have been concentrated. In the inner and outer eastern areas of Melbourne, residents are more likely to be able to work from home. Nillumbik in the outer north-east has the highest proportion of people able to work remotely and it has very few cases of COVID-19. WORK, EDUCATION

109

[ D ATA - W H O C A N W O R K F R O M H O M E ]

JUNE 29 2020

33%

32%

WORKING WOMEN ARE WFH

OF WORKING AUSTRALIANS ARE WORKING FROM HOME

32%

WORKING MEN ARE WFH

4.3 MILLION AUSTRALIANS H AV E BE E N W O R K I N G F R O M H O M E S I N C E T H E PA N D E M I C

People aged 35-49 (38%) are the most likely to be working from home followed by those aged 25-34 (36%) and 50-64 (33%). Workers at either end of the age spectrum are less likely to be working from home, with just over one-in-five of those aged 65+ (23%) working from home and only 17% of those aged under 25

Roy Morgan, Nearly a third of Australian workers have been “#WFH”, http://www.roymorgan.com/findings/8451-roy-morgan-workingfrom-home-june-2020-202006290638, june 29 2020 110

STASIS

[ D R A F T P R OTOT Y P E : F L E X I BL E U N I T S S PA C E ]

Door 0 275

Ventilation system

Two sizes of modules.

This can be combined depending on the site

2710 mm

3100 mm

Printer

23 00

Chairs

Locker 3100 mm

2710 mm

Work unit provide equipment

Computers and computer desks

1 72

WORK, EDUCATION

275

111

[ D R A F T P R OTOT Y P E : F L E X I BL E U N I T S S PA C E ]

Flexible units spaces on Leftover urban spaces

Flexible unit spaces in tight spaces. Add space without affecting the function of the alley

112

STASIS

WORK, EDUCATION

113

EDUCATION 116 118 122 125 126 127 128 130 131 132 133 134 138 141 142 150 154 156 158 159

114

STASIS

WORK, EDUCATION

115

100%

ILLITERATE

WORLD P O P U L AT I O N 15 YEARS AND OLDER

HUMAN RIGHTS

UN SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPM Need for equality and collabo

FACTORY WORKERS INDUSTRIAL REVOL U T I O N Demand for workers

to be able to run machines

THE ELITE

THE CHURCH

- Formal Education only for those who could afford it

LITERATE

116

1800

STASIS

1900

[ A C C E S S T O E D U C AT I O N T I M E L I N E ] No doubt a ver y western perception of its developments.

INTERNET

AWARENE S S,

ENT GOALS? orate.

WORK, EDUCATION

2000

117

[DIFFERENCES ALL AROUND THE WORLD]

[ENVIRONMENTS]

BANGLADESH - Floating Schools

HONG KONG - High rise schools

AUSTRALIA -’No hat no play’, protection against the sun

118

STASIS

[STYLES OF TEACHING]

CHINA - Rote Learning. (Memorisation and drill learning techniques)

JAPAN - Moral Learnings. Focus on how to live. Image of students clearning their own school.

FINLAND - No mandated testing except for one exam at the end of the final year.

FRANCE - Secular focus. Religious dress is banned in French schools (controversial) and means often no school uniform required.

SOUTH AFRICA- Majority of South Africans pay for their childrenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s education (primary and secondary schools).

PISA Rankings (started in the 1990s). Indicate that countries like China that use Rote Learning are high in the rankings along with alternative forms of learning like that seen in Finland.

WORK, EDUCATION

119

[DIFFERENCES ALL AROUND THE WORLD]

[HOW DIFFERENT CULTURES VALUE EDUCATION, INDICATED VIA RANGE IN SECONDARY TEACHER SALARIES] STARTING SALARY

120

AFTER 15YEARS

$40,000

Source: https://www.chalk.com/resources/most-least-paid-teachers-in-world/

TOP OF SCALE SALARY

$80,000

STASIS

$120,000

$160,000

[PUPIL-TEACHER RATIOS]

[GENDER BALANCE OF TEACHERS IN 2015]

WORK, EDUCATION

Source: WorldBank Source: https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-primary-school-teachers-who-are-female

121

[CASE STUDIES - HIGH-RISE LEARNING] C O U L D T H I S B E T H E S O L U T I O N A S P O P U L A T I O N S I N A U S T R A L I A D R A M A T I C A L LY I N C R E A S E ? KEY CHALLENGES - Outdoor Spaces - Movement through the school - Bringing nature into the built environment

SKYPLAY (EARLY LEARNING CENTRE), NORTH PERTH

Technique: Uses natural materials - sand and plants within the building

RICHMOND GOVERNMENT SCHOOL, MELBOURNE

Technique: Stairs are celebrated as main method of movement through the school and area of congregation 122

STASIS

SOUTH MELBOURNE PRIMARY SCHOOL

Often older year groups are on the higher floors as physical developments means they are often stronger for walking up more stairs.

Year 5 Year 4

Year 3 Year 2 Year 1 Community Facilities

WORK, EDUCATION

123

[CASE STUDIES - HIGH RISE LEARNING] EAST SYDNEY EARLY LEARNING CENTRE

Technique: ‘Treehouse’ bridge connection between 2nd and 3rd floor of kindergarten to ground floor outdoor play area. Public path passes below.

124

STASIS

[CASE STUDY - ADAPTIVE RE-USE] HAILEYBURY, MELBOURNE CBD

Technique: Converted office building utilising pre-existing built fabric. Large indoor sports facilities and adjacent to flagstaff gardens. An interesting model for senior schools and universities.

WORK, EDUCATION

125

[ T R A D I T I O N A L & D O M I N A N T E D U C AT I O N S PA C E T Y P O L O G I E S IN AUSTRALIA] PRIMARY

SECONDARY

Average number of students in a secondary classroom in Australia in 2017: 22.2

TERTIARY

126

STASIS

[ N O N -T R A D I T I O N A L E D U C AT I O N S PA C E S ]

ONLINE LEARNING IN PUBLIC SPACES - LIBRARIES, PUBLIC SQUARES, PARKS ANYWHERE WITH INTERNET = increasingly everywhere TUTORING HOME SCHOOLED TECHNICAL SCHOOLS TAFE COURSES SPECIALIST SCHOOLS

WORK, EDUCATION

127

[ E D U C AT I O N I N A U S T R A L I A ] [AUSTRALIAN DEPENDENCE ON INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS]

Source: https://www.ft.com/content/b3429de6-4dec-11ea-95a043d18ec715f5

128

STASIS

[SUMMARY CHARACTER OF VICTORIAN SCHOOLS - JULY 2020]

Source: https://www.education.v ic.gov.au/about/department/Pages/ factsandfigures.aspx#link31

WORK, EDUCATION

129

[THE GONSKI REPORT] AIMS - ASPIRE TO HAVE ONE OF THE BEST SCHOOLING SYSTEMS IN THE WORLD BASED ON ITS QUALITY AND EQUITY. -SUPPORT LOWEST PERFORMING STUDENTS - RESTRUCTURE CURRENT FUNDING IN THE SCHOOL SYSTEMS. ‘FUNDING NEEDS TO BE INCREASED BY ABOUT $5 BILLION PER YEAR ACROSS ALL SCHOOLING SECTORS.’ SOURCE:

130

https :// www . abc . net . au / news /2012-08-27/ whats - in - the - gonski - report /4219508

STASIS

[100 NEW SCHOOL S PROJECT- ONGOING]

The current average distance for primary school journeys is 4 kilometres,

... increases to 7 kilometres for secondary schools. Why build more primary than secondary schools? â&#x20AC;&#x153;The younger kids are also less able to travel independently, so we build more schools closer to where they live. This makes drop-off and pick-up easier for parents and reduces congestion on our roads.â&#x20AC;?

WORK, EDUCATION

131

[TRANSPORT TO SCHOOLS]

Interesting that the majority of primary school journeys are done by car despite primary schools normally being within 4kms to home. Presumably because primary school parents are then driving to work. As increasing number of parents can work from home one would hope we see an increase in the number of people walking/cycling to schools.

132

STASIS

[ D I S T R I B U T I O N O F R E S E A R C H & E D U C AT I O N FA C I L I T I E S I N MELBOURNE]

PREDOMINANTLY UNIVERSITY CLUSTERS - RMIT, MELBOURNE, ARTS SECTOR, NEW FISHERMENâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S BEND PRECINCT

WORK, EDUCATION

133

[SCHOOL CLOSURES DUE TO COVID-19...

L O C A L I S E D C O U N T R Y- W

FEB

MAR

7 70,882,424

9134 99,014

STASIS

WIDE OPEN]

APR

1,576,873,546

TO TA L N U M B E R O F A F F E C T E D LEARNERS WORK, EDUCATION

135

M AY

1,218,486,850

1 , 0 8 3 , 9 9 7, 7 8 1

TO TA L N U M L 136

STASIS

JUL

1 , 0 6 6 , 8 1 7, 8 5 5

MBER OF AFFECTED LEARNERS Stats source: Australian Government Research Council WORK, EDUCATION

137

[ I M PA C T O F C O V I D - 1 9 O N E D U C AT I O N ] W H AT H A S H A P P E N E D T O E D U C AT I O N A L S PA C E S D U R I N G T H I S T I M E ?

SCHOOLS, UNIVERSITIES, LIBRARIES ARE EMPTY - Do we need these spaces?

SIMULATIONS - Technical schools and universities have invested in simulation styles of learning.

PHYSICAL DISTANCING in some educational spaces. Larger spaces are required to accommodate students for learning and exams.

138

STASIS

DEPENDENCE ON ONLINE LEARNING

ACCESS TO SCHOOL MEALS Bus contracts used to still deliver meals to different school locations. Schools feed anybody under the age of 18. Spatial implications for future: Bigger kitchen facilities and canteens in order to aid social distancing.

WORK, EDUCATION

139

140

STASIS

[ W H AT D O E S 2 M E T R E P H Y S I C A L D I S TA N C I N G L O O K L I K E I N A CLASSROOM?]

WORK, EDUCATION

141

[ H O W H A S P H Y S I C A L D I S TA N C I N G B E E N S U P P O R T E D ? ] SCREEN DIVIDERS & MASKS

142

STASIS

[ H O W H A S P H Y S I C A L D I S TA N C I N G B E E N S U PPORTED?] SCREEN DIVIDERS & MASKS

ONE DIRECTIONAL FLOW THROUGH A SCHOOL & M U LT I P L E E N T R Y P O I N T S T O S C H O O L

WORK, EDUCATION

143

[ H O W H A S P H Y S I C A L D I S TA N C I N G B E E N S U P P O R T E D ? ] SCREEN DIVIDERS & MASKS

ONE DIRECTIONAL FLOW THROUGH A SCHOOL & M U LT I P L E E N T R Y P O I N T S T O S C H O O L

C L A S S R O O M L AY O U T & HYBRID - ONLINE & CLASSROOM

144

STASIS

WORK, EDUCATION

145

[ H O W H A S P H Y S I C A L D I S TA N C I N G B E E N S U P P O R T E D ? ] SCREEN DIVIDERS & MASKS

ONE DIRECTIONAL FLOW THROUGH A SCHOOL & M U LT I P L E E N T R Y P O I N T S T O S C H O O L

C L A S S R O O M L AY O U T

HYBRID - ONLINE & CLASSROOM SCHEDULING AM- GROUP 1 STUDENTS PM- GROUP 2 STUDENTS MARE FOR SCHOOLS

146

....LOGISTIC AL NIGHT-

STASIS

[ H O W H A S P H Y S I C A L D I S TA N C I N G B E E N S U PPORTED?] SCREEN DIVIDERS & MASKS

ONE DIRECTIONAL FLOW THROUGH A SCHOOL & M U LT I P L E E N T R Y P O I N T S T O S C H O O L

C L A S S R O O M L AY O U T

HYBRID - ONLINE & CLASSROOM SCHEDULING AM- GROUP 1 STUDENTS PM- GROUP 2 STUDENTS MARE FOR SCHOOLS

....LOGISTIC AL NIGHT-

E X PA N D A BL E C L A S S R O O MS

WORK, EDUCATION

147

INCLUDING OUTSIDE...

G R AV E YA R D S , T H E S T R E E T S , S P O R T S P I T C H E S , F O R E S T S , P R I VAT E A N D P U

148

STASIS

UBLIC GARDENS

WORK, EDUCATION

149

[CASE STUDY: TENT CL ASSROOM PROTOT YPES]

150

STASIS

Source: Curl la Tourelle Head Architects WORK, EDUCATION

151

152

STASIS

1:10,000

MELBOURNE GRAMMAR SCHOOL SIZE

CAPACITY

12M DIA TENT

16M * 9M TENT

11 - 28

34M * 12M TENT

63 - 86

THE TEMPORARY TENT CLASSROOMS CAN PROVIDE ACTIVITY AND STUDY SPACE FOR 660 STUDENTS OCCUPYING PART OF THE PLAYGROUND AND OUTDOOR SPACE CAN EFFECTIVELY REDUCE THE PRESSURE OF THE SCHOOL BUILDING.

WORK, EDUCATION

153

[CASE STUDY: FURNITURE PROTOT YPES FOR SCHOOLS]

WOOD DETAILS - Rather than the plastic we associate with the pandemic. COLOUR - Warmth and easy to clean HEIGHT- Enable teachers to maintain a visual of their class whilst creating enough of a barrier for the pupils not to interact outside of their bubbles. Future - good for breaking up the space, exhibition space, reading corner,

154

STASIS

WORK, EDUCATION

SOURCE: UNIT Fabrications

155

[ C A S E S T U D I E S - A LT E R N A T I V E R E N T A B L E E D U C A T I O N S P A C E S ]

L O C AT I O N I N F L U E N C E S . . .

A MARKET

A LIBRARY

Meat Market, North Melbourne

Library at the Dock, Docklands

Technique: Large amount of space, including outdoor spaces.

156

STASIS

AN ARCHITECTURAL STUDIO/OLD SCHOOL

Siteworks, Brunswick

WORK, EDUCATION

157

[STUDENT E XPERIENCE SURVE Y DURING COVID-19] WORST THING ABOUT LEARNING R E M O T E LY F R O M H O M E ? 61% missed interacting with friends/classmates 50% felt overwhelmed by the amount of work they were expected to do 50% couldnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t communicate with their teachers enough

BEST THINGS ABOUT LEARNING R E M O T E LY F R O M H O M E ? 68% enjoyed learning and working at their own pace 60% felt more comfortable at home 33% enjoyed spending more time with their families 33% found it better learning at home because it was 505 VICTORIAN STUDENTS SURVEYED

quieter

[ R E C O M M E N D AT I O N S F R O M V I C T O R I A N S T U D E N T R E P R E S E N TAT I V E C O U N C I L ] 1. Support and progress student agency as a top priority within schools and within the education system. 2. Ensure every student has access to devices and internet to support their learning at school and at home. 3. Have online platforms as part of every day learning including detailed lesson plans and easier communication between teachers, students and parents/carers. 4. Make sure mental health is just as important as academic success and include regular wellbeing classes for all students. 5. Schools and timetables should be more flexible about how students learn including shorter school days and longer breaks between classes to rest and refocus. 6. Create a comfortable, safe and welcoming space for every single student.

Source: www.v icsrc.org.au 158

STASIS

[LESSONS LE ARNT FROM COVID-19] 1. Student well being - Connection to family during school hours 2. Divide in access to technology, reliable internet, school meals and materials. 3. Reassessment mobile phone bans - Learning with technology - Teacher and student connection with parents - Help students who struggle to attend school 4. Students need a clean and quiet space to work as well as collaborate. 4. Education needs to be agile to change, and just not for pandemics. 60% of all occupations could see at least 30% of their constituent activities automated by 2050. What does this mean for curriculum? 5. A lot of students and adults like routine - queues to have lunch, different subject times, etc 6. For some students the benefits of being able to control their time, and prioritise when to do the work really suited them. One could also expect them to perhaps have better sleep cycles too as a result. 6. Importance of multiple relationships - Brief encounters with staff/peers in the corridors - Strong Friendship 7. Awareness of the huge amount of time spent travelling to school. Is this always necessary?

WORK, EDUCATION

159

FURTHER RESEARCH

160

STASIS

[ MAPPING - NODAL SUBURB For further investigation we looked at the current programmes of various nodal suburbs as potential pilot sites for implementing our various prototypes. The core bases of the nodal suburb are loyalty and place identity, it will thus be interesting to see how human behaviour changes at the end of Melbourneâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s lockdown and whether prototypes like the ones suggested have the potential to improve the current inequality in access to educational and work facilities.

Site : Fotscray Park Educational (School & University) Hospital Cafe (13) Commercial Sports

WORK, EDUCATION

161

[ MAPPING - NODAL SUBURB

Site : South Yarra

Park Educational (School & University) Hospital Commercial Sports Cafe (18)

Site : Bundoora Park Educational (School & University) Hospital Commercial Sports Cafe (8)

162

STASIS

WORK, EDUCATION

163

164

STASIS

FOOD AND ENERGY RILEY PELHAM-THORMAN, ABIGAIL LIEW, SARAH MARTINUSSEN

FOOD, ENERGY

165

166

STASIS

FOOD, ENERGY

167

168

STASIS

FOOD, ENERGY

169

170

STASIS

FOOD, ENERGY

171

172

STASIS

FOOD, ENERGY

173

5 5

174

STASIS

FOOD, ENERGY

175

176

STASIS

FOOD, ENERGY

177

178

STASIS

FOOD, ENERGY

179

180

STASIS

FOOD, ENERGY

181

182

STASIS

FOOD, ENERGY

183

184

STASIS

FOOD, ENERGY

185

186

STASIS

FOOD, ENERGY

187

188

STASIS

FOOD, ENERGY

189

190

STASIS

FOOD, ENERGY

191

192

STASIS

FOOD, ENERGY

193

194

STASIS

FOOD, ENERGY

195

196

STASIS

FOOD, ENERGY

197

Food and energy is the necessity of all urban infrastructures. However, the current urban infrastructure and COVID situation reveals that both entities are working in isolation is inefficient in the growing population and urbanisation of cities. Food and energy is the basis for the sustainability of communities within the growing urban infrastructure of cities. The food and energy that we, consumers would understand is merely the direct visibility of products on a supermarket self to the electricity that is used to power the lights in our homes but the food and energy beyond consumers expand into a much more complex network of systems that shape the urban infrastructure of our cities. 198

STASIS

“Imagining an urbanism that is other than the status quo requires a new sensibility — one that has the capacity to incorporate and accommodate the inherent conflictual conditions between

ecology and urbanism. This is the territory of ecological

urbanism.” _Mohsen Mostafavi - Ecological Urbanism

FOOD, ENERGY

199

200

supermarket

STASIS

1930

solar power

food distribution 1943 - WWII wind turbines

1936 - Solar hot water (Invented in the US)

1927 - First wind farm to be used for agriculture

1920

1932 - First milk bar opened (Martin Place Sydney

wind power

1924 - Yallourn A was the first station to be built 1924 - Photovoltaic cells are invented (sunlight to power)

1910

1927 - Modified Atmosphere Packaging - invented to protect apples and fresh fruits, to reduce bacteria entering

1918 - Spanish Flu (50 mill deaths)

milk bar

1930 - Great Depression having a social impacts

1914 - GJ Coles opened the first Coles Store (Smiths St)

pandemics 1914 - Kalloggs pioneered wax paper for cereal boxes

energy 1908 - First commercial wind farm operating across Denmark

1900 1940

coal

FOOD, ENERGY

1986 - More than 6000 milk bars in the State of Victoria

1991 - The National Food Authority founded - food security

1980 - First pre-packaged sandwich Evolution of â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;food to goâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; market

1981 - HIV / AIDS (35 mil deaths)

1986 - Solar efficieency increase (satellites cars, commercial buildings

1983 - First wind farm in Austrlia

1970

1982 - First electroinc scanners in in Coles stores

1977 - Plastic soft drink bottles was introduced

1968 - Yallourn A & B station demolished

1964 - Power Station entered service

1955 - Solar cells are sold commerically

1946 - Coal Industry Act - provide means for Securing and Maintaining adequate Supplies of Coal

1960

1971 - Focus on fresh food and and convenience - intro to the home brand

1966 - Bread being packaged in plastic instead of paper

1957 - Asian Flu (1.1 mill deaths)

1954 - TV dinner was first introduced

1951 - Cardboard milk carton was invented

1948 - Aluminium foil roasting contrainers were invented

used for running boats

1950

1961 - Coles opened the nations first free stranding store

1955 - Self service stores introduced

1946 - WWII impacts Coles began to boom by selling electricals like toasters and irons

1945 - Milk bars changed from just selling milk shakes to selling convenience items

0 1980 1990

newstead

coles

201

202 2001 - First overseas supermarket Aldi is introduced

2000 - GMO food technology first arrived commercially

worldwide

STASIS

iga 2009 - South Australia bans plasitc bags

2008 - Global Recession Labor's $52bn

2007 - National Greenhouse and Energy Reporting Act 2007

2005 - global coal production increased 23% from 2005 to 2010

2001 - Australia introduces a renewable enegry target

2000 - Renewable Energy (Electricity) Act 2000 established

hazelwood

2005 - Australian farmers markets boomed Turn over $40 million that year

2003 - SARS (774 deaths)

1998 - 1 in 5 milk bars closing down

1996 - Sunday trading throughout Victoria

1995 - Jeff Kennett and the Liberals privatised the State Electricity Commission. Prices have increased 170%.

2000

2008 - Milk bars began turning into cafes

2004 - Coles Express servo station opened - new convience

1993 - Inventory tracking (new tech that mmade professing faster

1994 - First genetically engineered food

1995 2005

2008 - Dowwn Down promotions smarter marketing

FOOD, ENERGY

woolies

203

2019 - More than 800 supermarkets national wide, 1,000 Click & Collects, 700 Coles Express

2020 - Could the milk bar be resurrected?

2020 - First offshore wind farm in Australia

2020 - 526 operational solar farms in Australia currently

2020 - One million plastic bottles are sold every minuite world wide

2015

2019 - to restrict activities in relation to thermal coal, and for related purposes

2019 - Coopers Gap Wind Farm Largest farm in Australia

2018 - Ninety four wind farms in Australia

2016 - Hazelwood Power Station is demolished

2015 - Govermnent initiatives for homes to install solar panels

2015 - Seventy-six operating wind farms

2012 - Australiaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s first solar farm (Greenough River) displace over 20,000 metric tons of carbon dioxide

2019 - Australia introduces reusable bags instores

2015 - Oxford became the first city to ban food sellers from using non-recycable food container

2012 - Plastics from food became the second biggest pulluter of the worlds oceans

2020 - COVID 19 (848,000 deaths and counting)

2012 - Service stations popping up in areas where milk bars still operate - competition milk bars cannot compete against

2010 - Hazelwood power station emitted 15.7 million tonnes of carbon dioxide

2010 2020

8 Great Tips to S munity Garden https://www.sun den/garden-bas ty-garden viewed 3 Septem

204

STASIS

7 Start a Com-

nset.com/garsics/communi-

mber 2020

FOOD, ENERGY

205

206

STASIS

FOOD SUPPLY CHAIN

CROP PRODUCTION

HARVESTING

TRANSPORT

PROCESSING

The biggest problem is not within the supply or demand ends of the food supply chain but what happens in between them. The in between state of the supply and demand ends of the spectrum is what allows food accessibility to occur (transportation, processing, packaging and distribution). Hence, the most sensitive areas of the supply chain would be the different processes that raw produce would have to go through in order to supply to consummers. If there are delays or issues within these areas, a surplus on the farmers end and a shortage on the consumers end would eventuate.

DISTRIBUTION AND PACKAGING

RETAIL

CONSUMERS HOUSEHOLD

FOOD, ENERGY

207

C A T I lO O NS E S M T U R L A N O

OF S S U T R ES T E P E N K R R E M A FARM ION C

SP O RTED FRO M

WOOLWORTHS COLES ALDI

CENTRE OF NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PROCESSING CENTRES DISTRIBUTION CENTRES

0 TO 1 1 TO 5 5 TO 21 23 TO 74

208

STASIS

TO DISTRIBUTI

EMISSIONS (KG) PER HOUSE HOLD BY COLLECTION DISTRICT 35 - 40 KM

NCE TO DISTEA MISSION SU

S FRO PE M G RMA ROC RKET ERY TRI S P

90 - 95 KM

25 - 30 KM

65 - 70 KM

10 - 15 KM

50 - 55 KM

0 - 5 KM

EMISSIONS (KG) PER HOUSE HOLD BY COLLECTION DISTRICT 207 - 427 (641)

95 - 207 (1142) 45 - 96 (2190)

10 - 45 (3453) 0 - 15 (1707)

FOOD, ENERGY

209

4.253 KG/KM OF EMISSIONS WITH A REFRIGERATION UNIT

0.329 KG/KM

EMISSIONS

THAT IS

13 T

MORE EM BY A TRUC COMPARE

210

STASIS

BY AN ARTICULATED TRUCK

BY A REGULAR PETROL CAR

TIMES

MISSIONS CK ED TO A CAR

FOOD, ENERGY

211

371KM TO TRANSPORT FOOD FROM A FARM 4.233KG OF EMISSIONS PER KM FROM AN ARIT

1570.443 KG JUST TO TRANSPORT FOOD FROM A

FARM IN GIPPSLAND TO A DISTRIBUTION C

4773.

SUPERMARKET TRIPS JUST TO TRANSPORT FOOD TO A DISTRIBUTION CENTRE

212

STASIS

IN GIPPSLAND TO A DISTRIBUTION CENTRE

TCULATED TRUCK

CENTRE

IF A TRIP TO THE SUPERMARKET WITH A CAR RELEASES

0.329 KG OF EMISSIONS

.39

FOOD, ENERGY

213

“Instead of “drive-in,” it might be more sensible to promote “drive-out” and reverse the logic of mobility: Bring culture to the people where they live, obviously at a distance.”

_Frank Trentmann - The Unequal Future of Co

214

STASIS

onsumption

FOOD, ENERGY

215

216

STASIS

THE SUPERMARKET The food supply chain is normally associated with a supermarket due to the nature of the system in accomodating for large supplies of produce to meet supplies and demands of supermarkets. Food comes on shelves at supermarkets, over the counter at takeaway food outlets, or is served at restaurants. There is now a massive disconnect between where and how our food is grown and the way we live our lives in cities. Advantaged neighbourhoods were shown to have a greater number of supermarkets and fruit and vegetable stores within a 2 km buffer zone from home as compared to lower socio-economic suburbs. The design and layout of our cities and towns can have a major effect on what foods people can readily have access to. Accessiblity to healthy food is compromised when areas have a low range of healthy and affordable options. Should we be rethinking the land use and distribution in suburbs in relation to accessibility to food?

FOOD, ENERGY

217

NOMIC SUBUR H ECO HIGW ECONOMIC SU B - B

BURB ORO - BR N IM DO BA O N

A - C UN RA - S

SHBER IN WE E LL

218

STASIS

ARK

ETS

DI US

SU PER M

IN CO

LLINGWOOD 5K FOOD, ENERGY

219

2018 THE AVERAGE AUSTRALIAN GOING TO THE SUPERMARKET ALMOST THREE

TIMES A

APPROXIMATELY

ONLY O

SHOPP

TIMES

220

STASIS

COVID19

WAS

74% OF AUSTRALIANS HAVE

CUT BACK ON SHOPPING TRIPS SINCE THE OUTBREAK BEGAN, WHILE SPENDING FAR MORE IN SUPERMARKETS THAN AT THIS TIME LAST YEAR. INSTEAD OF

3 - 4 TRIPS

A WEEK OR

A WEEK TO THE SUPERMARKET ITS NOW

35 TIMES A YEAR.

2 - 3 TRIPS

ONE THIRD OF AUSTRALIANS WERE

PING ONCE A WEEK AND

WERE BUYING

80%

VEGETABLES MULTIPLE

S THROUGHOUT THE WEEK

FOOD, ENERGY

221

222

STASIS

COMMUNITY GARDENS Community gardens are places where people come together to grow food and other plants, to learn new skills, meet other people and be part of their local community. The land used for these gardens is generally owned by local government, schools, churches and state government housing estates. Community gardens provide families and individuals without land of their own with the opportunity to produce food and hence, increase accessibility to food. This can be particularly important for people from different cultures looking to grow traditional produce. They also bring together people from a variety of backgrounds, offering a cultural exchange between gardeners; creating community and social interactions. Children and youths can learn about where food comes from and about living sustainably and caring for their environment.

“The future is not two meters, we’re social animals- we can’t help it.” _Norman Foster

FOOD, ENERGY

223

3 3 61

153

296

TRALIA WIDE S U A S EN IDUAL BACKYARD GARD

DIV RD N I A G OF

N Y O I T AT I L N U UEC MSP M30 O C 20

R A E Y

54%

224

STASIS

ENS

9 51 7

C OM MUN COM MUNITY GA R

ITY G DENS IN VICTORIA ARDENS IN MELBOURNE CBD 1KM

1KM

FOOD, ENERGY

225

15-30%

OF ALL FOOD PUR THROWN AWAY BE EATEN

BY ONLY B ARE LIKELY REDUCE O FOOTPRIN 226

STASIS

RCHASED IS EFORE IT IS

$5.3

IN AUSTRALIA BILLION OF FOOD WAS THROWN AWAY IN 2017

BUYING WHAT YOU Y TO EAT YOU CAN OUR CARBON NT BY UP TO

30%

FOOD, ENERGY

227

â&#x20AC;&#x153;The Death and Life of Great our cities to our shared detrim suburbia does not make us sa isolation, a decline in innovati transport systems and significa _Jane Jacobs

228

STASIS

American Cities, we abandon ment. The alternative of sprawling afer and instead leads to social ion and culture, unviable public ant environmental costs. â&#x20AC;&#x153;

FOOD, ENERGY

229

230

STASIS

ENERGY SUPPLY CHAIN Generation - Electricity transmission Electricity distribution - End users The energy supply chain is a vital part in our infrastructure. It is the journey of energy transformations from the fuel source or energy sources to useful energy to end users. Production of fuels, heat and electricity from different sources is defined by the appropriate energy supply chain. Australiaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s electricity generation sector is evolving from its historic reliance on coal (black and brown) and hydroelectricity to a more diverse combination of coal, gas and renewable energy sources. Transmission networks allow the bulk transport of electricity at high voltages from a range of generators to major demand centres. The distribution networks transport electricity at lower voltages to end-use customers, consisting of towers and the wires that run between them, underground cables, transformers, switching equipment, and monitoring and telecommunications equipment. We rely heavily on this energy supply chain to charge our homes, phones, computers, our everyday necessities. What would happen if we had no coal energy and had to rely on renewable sources of energy?

FOOD, ENERGY

231

> 30% DECREASE

20-30% DECREASE

10-20% DECREASE 0-10% DECREASE

0-10% INCREASE 10-20% INCREASE 20-30% INCREASE > 30% INCREASE

> 30% DECREASE

ANGESES H C N C H A NG O I T P TION M U S UM P N COONS L IA AL C T N E R CI D I E S E M R M 19 C O D I COVVID 19 CO 20-30% DECREASE

10-20% DECREASE 0-10% DECREASE

0-10% INCREASE

10-20% INCREASE 20-30% INCREASE > 30% INCREASE

232

STASIS

GAS COAL GENERATORS AND POWER STATIONS

HYDRO

BIOENERGY

COAL

RENEWABLE ENERGY RE S OU R CE XISTING EN

RESOURCES

SOLAR

ERGY TRAN A AS & PO ER PLA SMISSRIEO NTS N LINW ES

WIND

132/110 kV TRANSMISSION LINE 275 kV TRANSMISSION LINE

220 kV TRANSMISSION LINE 500 kV TRANSMISSION LINE

132/110 kV TRANSMISSION LINE 275 kV TRANSMISSION LINE

FOOD, ENERGY

233

220 kV TRANSMISSION LINE 500 kV TRANSMISSION LINE

375,000

2020

VICTO APPRO

THERE WERE MORE THAN

3.71 MILLION SMALL-SCALE REN 2.46

MILLION ROOFTOP SOLAR P 1.25 MILLION SOLAR AND HEAT PU 424 WIND SYSTEMS AND 18 HYBRID 234

STASIS

ORIAN HOUSES WITH SOLAR PANELS, OXIMATELY 15% OF THE STATE

NEWABLE INSTALLATIONS IN AUSTRALIA

POWER SYSTEMS UMP HEATERS D SYSTEMS FOOD, ENERGY

235

236

STASIS

WAR ON WASTE What exactly is this war on waste? It is to prevent unnecessarily wasting food and the money spent on it. 40% of the average household rubbish bin is avoidable food waste? Food that was bought and prepared with the intention of being eaten but wasnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t consumed. To harness these wastes like timber, garden and food waste could be processed and turned into renewable sources like soil conditioner and mulch for nurseries, landscaping and agriculture. It might not be food related, even the waste in fashion (fast fashion). 6,000 kgs of clothes goes into landfill every ten minutes in Australia. This begs the question, can waste be converted into energy. Sweden is currently doing this. About 49 percent of household waste is recycled, and roughly 50 percent of garbage is incinerated in power plants and turned into energy. This power production is done on a national scale. Can this happen in Melbourne?

FOOD, ENERGY

237

238

STASIS

WASTE MA NA GE ME NT FOOD, ENERGY

FACILITES 239

WEST FOOTSGRAY / SUNSHINE / LAVERTON NORTH

A M E T WAS

240

STASIS

SOMERTON / CAMPBELLFIELD / MEADOW HEIGHTS

ANAGEMENT FACILITIES HEATHERTON / CLAYTON SOUTH

FOOD, ENERGY

241

50,000

COFFEE CUPS

DISPOSED EVERY HALF

242

STASIS

HOUR!

19.4 MILLION KILOGRAMS

SECOND BITE -

OF FOOD THROWN AWAY NATIONALLY ENOUGH FOR 38 MILLION HEALTHY MEALS

MORE THAN 100,000 MEALS A DAY FOOD, ENERGY

243

244

STASIS

RENEWABLE RESOURCES Australia’s reliance on energy production from the seemingly endless supply on black coal and brown coal has allowed it to be one of the main exporters of coal energy. In 2014-2015, more than three quarters (79%) of Australia’s coal energy was exported with only 21%, less than fourth of the total energy produced from coal, consumed nationally and locally. However, how long can Australia depend on fossil fuel-based and non renewable energy till it completely runs out? “Prior to its closure, the Hazelwood power station had been responsible for around one-seventh of Victoria’s total greenhouse gas emissions alone, amounting to around 3 per cent of Australia’s total emissions. Hazelwood had consistently been ranked as one of the world’s most emissions intensive power stations, producing around 1.6 tonnes of CO2-e per megawatt-hour of electricity generation.” Does the 2020 demolition of the Hazelwood power station mark Australia’s beginning of diverting away from coal-based energy production to a more carbon-free energy grid? Can Australia foresee a future of a city beyond carbon?

FOOD, ENERGY

245

GEOTHERMAL

AUSTRALIAN ELECTRICITY GENERATION (GWh)

ELECTRICITY GENERATION OF RENEWABLE RESOURCES OTHER

300,000

250,000

200,000

150,000

100,000

50,000

0 1989-90

1994-95

1999-00

2004-05

OIL PRODUCTS

SOLAR PV

BROWN COAL

BIOENERGY

GEOTHERMAL

NATURAL GAS

HYDRO

OTHER

HYBRID BIOENERGY OIL PRODUCTS NATURAL GAS BROWN COAL BLACK COAL

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY SOLAR ENERGY WIND ENERGY

246

2014-15

BLACK COAL

SOLAR PV

RENEWAB

2009-10

LE RESOURCE AREAS STASIS

NO N

ANNUAL ELECTRICITY GENERATION IN 2019

N E -R

RENEWABLE GENERATION BY TECHNOLOGY TYPE

URCE AREAS O S RE

RENEWABLES

24%

FOSSIL FUELS

24%

E L AB EW

WIND 35.4% HYDRO 25.7% SMALL-SCALE SOLAR 22.3% LARGE-SCALE SOLAR 9.3% BIOENERGY 6.0% MEDIUM-SCALE SOLAR 1.3%

RENEWABLES

FOSSIL FUELS WIND HYDRO SMALL-SCALE SOLAR LARGE-SCALE SOLAR BIO ENERGY MEDIUM-SCALE SOLAR

MAJOR ENERGY BASIN BLACK COAL BROWN COAL

URANIUM UNCONVENTIONAL GAS

FOOD, ENERGY

247

CONVENTIONAL GAS

AUSTRALIAN ENERGY BALANCES (PJ)

PRIMARY CONSUMPTIONS OF ENERGY & EXPORTS

20,000

16,000

12,000

8000

4000

0 1974-75

1979-80

1984-85

1989-90

1994-95

TOTAL PRIMARY CONSUMPTION NET EXPORT

TRANSMISSION LINE

TRANSMISSION ZONE NON-RENEWABLE POWER STATION RENEWABLE POWER STATION

248

2004-05

2009-10

2014-15

TIONS A T S R E W O BLE P A W E N -RE N O N D TOTAL PRIMARY CONSUMPTION

RENEWABLE AN

1999-00

STASIS

NET EXPORT

AUSTRALIAN PRIMARY ENERGY CONSUMPTION(PJ)

AUSTRALIAN PRIMARY ENERGY CONSUMPTIONS

7000

6000

5000

4000

3000

2000

1000

0 1974-75

1979-80

1984-85

SPECIFIED REN EWABL COAL

1989-90

1994-95

OIL

1999-00

2004-05

GAS

E EN ER G Y PO

2009-10

2014-15

RENEWABLES

WE R

STA TIO NS

COAL

OIL GAS RENEWABLES

SOLAR / DIESEL

LANDFILL / GAS

SOLAR

WIND

WIND / SOLAR

HYDRO

BAGASSE

BIOMASS

WIND / DIESEL WASTE HEAT

FOOD, ENERGY

249

AUSTRALIA RECEIVES

58 MILLION PJ

SOLAR RADIATION A YEAR AN INCOMPREHENSIBLE FIGURE OF

16111111111111111

10000

OF THE TOTAL ENERGY CONSUMPT

IF AL

250

STASIS

KWH TIMES

TION

AN AVERAGE HOUSEHOLD IN MELBOURNE USES AROUND

KWH

OF ENEGRY A DAY

LL 58 MILLION PJ OF SOLAR ENERGY WAS HARVESTED

THIS IS ENOUGH TO POWER THE TOTAL NUMBER OF HOUSEHOLDS IN AUSTRALIA (8.42 MILLION) FOR

209,691 FOOD, ENERGY

YEARS

251

â&#x20AC;&#x153;But now sustainability is su itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s getting more and more d serious way. Sustainability h

Rem Ko

252

STASIS

uch a political category that difficult to think about it in a has become an ornament.â&#x20AC;?

oolhas

FOOD, ENERGY

253

WHAT IF FOOD AN INTERTWINED CLOS

254

STASIS

ND ENERGY WAS AN SED LOOP SYSTEM?

FOOD, ENERGY

255

WHAT IF FOSSIL FUELS R

256

STASIS

RAN OUT TOMORROW?

FOOD, ENERGY

257

BACKYARD SU

258

STASIS

UPERMARKET ?

FOOD, ENERGY

259

SHOP ONE D

260

STASIS

DAY A WEEK ?

FOOD, ENERGY

261

WHAT IF EATING IN IS

262

STASIS

S THE NEW EATING OUT?

FOOD, ENERGY

263

REFERENCES

PAGE 4 , 5, 6, 7, 9 AND 10 1/ URBAN AGRICULTURE: CAN IT FEED OUR CITIES?, https://www.agritecture.com/blog/2018/6/1/urban-agriculture-can-it-feed-our-cities, viewed 18 August 2020 2/ Atherton Gardens Fitzroy VIC 3065, https://www.communitygarden.org.au/, viewed 18 August 2020 3/ 20 grocery store items you should never pay full price for, https://www.businessinsider.com/grocery-store-itemsyou-should-never-pay-full-price-for-2018-7?r=AU&IR=T, viewed 12 August 2020 4/ Herald Sun Hazelwood Power Station chimneys demolished in Latrobe Valley, https://www.heraldsun.com. au/subscribe/news/1/?sourceCode=HSWEB_WRE170_a_GGL&dest=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.heraldsun.com. au%2Fnews%2Fvictoria%2Fhazelwood-power-station-chimneys-will-be-demolished%2Fnews-story%2F4c73edb1768559ea55d873e1ae810f34&memtype=anonymous&mode=premium&v21suffix=155-a, viewed 7 September 2020 5/ SUPERMARKETS CLOSE TO AGREEMENT ON COMMON FOOD WASTE REPORTING, https://resource.co/article/ supermarkets-close-agreement-common-food-waste-reporting-12232, viewed 12 August 2020 PAGE 32 AND 33 1/ Wheatfield - A Confrontation: Battery Park Landfill, Downtown Manhattan by Agnes Denes,http://www.agnesdenesstudio.com/works7.html ,viewed 12 August 2020 PAGE 40 AND 41 1/ Take a peek inside Nevadaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s new solar farm that generates power 24/7 with molten salt, https://www.digitaltrends. com/cool-tech/peek-inside-nevada-solar-plant-247-power-molten-salt/, viewed 3 September 2020 2/ BIG opens Copenhill power plant topped with rooftop ski slope in Copenhagen, https://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=Dy7hPapymks, viewed 3 September 2020 3/ Solar parks compatible with agricultural crops arrive, https://www.archyde.com/solar-parks-compatible-with-agricultural-crops-arrive/, viewed 18 August 2020 4/ The San Gorgonio Pass wind farm in California, United States., https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_farm, viewed 3 September 2020 5/ URBAN AGRICULTURE: CAN IT FEED OUR CITIES?, https://www.agritecture.com/blog/2018/6/1/urban-agriculture-can-it-feed-our-cities, viewed 18 August 2020 6/ Vine to Cart: Grocery Stores Use New Tech To Create In Store Farms, https://thespoon.tech/vine-to-cart-grocerystores-use-new-tech-to-create-in-store-farms/, viewed 18 August 2020 7/ Agricool: Strawberry farming, all year round, in shipping containers in Paris, https://lifeandsoulmagazine. com/2019/03/24/agricool-strawberry-farming-all-year-round-in-shipping-containers-in-paris/, viewed 18 August 2020

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8/ Our farms, https://www.agricool.co/en/mission, viewed 18 August 2020 9/ Deliveroo Editions Launches In Melbourne With ‘Delivery Only’ Dining, https://www.bosshunting.com.au/life-style/ deliveroo-editions-launch/, viewed 3 September 2020 10/ Good Bank, https://www.visitberlin.de/en/good-bank, viewed 18 August 2020 11/ Woolworths unveils new coronavirus feature at self-serve check outs, https://au.news.yahoo.com/woolworths-unveils-new-coronavirus-feature-at-self-serve-check-outs-092456444.html, viewed 3 September 2020 12/ CERES Organic Grocery and Environment Park, https://www.weekendnotes.com/ceres-community-environment-park/132080/, viewed 3 September 2020 13/ 100 MILE TABLE CAFE, https://theweekendedition.com.au/gold-coast/the-street-photographer/100-mile-table-cafe/, viewed 3 September 2020 14/ Coles opens its own little shop as battle for customers goes small, https://www.smh.com.au/business/companies/ coles-opens-its-own-little-shop-as-battle-for-customers-goes-small-20181113-p50foj.html, viewed 3 September 2020 15/ Wheatfield - A Confrontation: Battery Park Landfill, Downtown Manhattan by Agnes Denes,http://www.agnesdenesstudio.com/works7.html ,viewed 12 August 2020 16/ 3. Community garden design, https://www.re-thinkingthefuture.com/fresh-perspectives/a1348-20-thesis-topics-related-to-sustainable-architecture/, viewed 3 September 2020 17/ Mornington Community Garden by Lorraine A, https://www.weekendnotes.com/mornington-community-garden/, viewed 3 September 2020 18/ 8 Great Tips to Start a Community Garden, https://www.sunset.com/garden/garden-basics/community-garden , viewed 3 September 2020 19/ Cooroy Community Garden needs your help, https://www.noosanews.com.au/news/cooroy-community-garden-needs-your-help/3168601/, viewed 3 September 2020 20/ Community gardens, https://www.sustainability.vic.gov.au/You-and-your-home/Live-sustainably/Grow-your-ownfood/Community-gardens, viewed 3 September 2020 21/ Community Gardens Project, https://www.opengardensa.org.au/news/128-community-gardens-funding-project, viewed 3 September 2020 22/ Coronavirus cases in Victoria at 229 as casino exemption revoked, businesses and schools ramp up response https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-03-21/coronavirus-cases-in-victoria-rise-to-229-as-police-run-checks/12077596 viewed 12 August 2020 23/ Coronavirus: Responsible shopping in Peterborough praised despite long delays https://www.peterboroughtoday.co.uk/lifestyle/shopping/coronavirus-responsible-shopping-peterborough-praised-despite-long-delays-2519736 viewed 12 August 2020 24/ Publix introduces one-way aisles to promote social distancing https://www.tampabay.com/news/business/2020/04/10/publix-introduces-one-way-aisles-to-promote-social-distancing/ viewed 12 August 2020 25/ Grocery workers and customers say social distancing inside stores is difficult amid coronavirus pandemic https://www.seattletimes.com/business/grocery-workers-and-customers-say-social-distancing-inside-stores-is-difficult-amid-coronavirus-pandemic/ viewed 12 August 2020 26/ HIT HARD Long lockdown could lead to ‘community tensions’ with poor worst off, scientists warn https://www. thesun.co.uk/news/11551903/long-lockdown-could-lead-to-community-tensions-with-poor-worst-off-scientists-warn/ viewed 12 August 2020

FOOD, ENERGY

265

27/ Publix introduces one-way aisles to promote social distancing https://www.tampabay.com/news/business/2020/04/10/publix-introduces-one-way-aisles-to-promote-social-distancing/ viewed 12 August 2020 28/ HIT HARD Long lockdown could lead to ‘community tensions’ with poor worst off, scientists warn https://www. thesun.co.uk/news/11551903/long-lockdown-could-lead-to-community-tensions-with-poor-worst-off-scientists-warn/ viewed 12 August 2020 29/ Coronavirus cases in Victoria at 229 as casino exemption revoked, businesses and schools ramp up response https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-03-21/coronavirus-cases-in-victoria-rise-to-229-as-police-run-checks/12077596 viewed 12 August 2020 30/ Latest Asda, Tesco, Aldi, Lidl, Morrisons and Sainsbury’s lockdown shopping rules https://www.lancs.live/whats-on/shopping/aldi-asda-tesco-sainsburys-lidl-18160883 viewed 12 August 2020 31/ Publix introduces one-way aisles to promote social distancing https://www.tampabay.com/news/business/2020/04/10/publix-introduces-one-way-aisles-to-promote-social-distancing/ viewed 12 August 2020 PAGE 42 1/ 20 grocery store items you should never pay full price for, https://www.businessinsider.com/grocery-store-itemsyou-should-never-pay-full-price-for-2018-7?r=AU&IR=T, viewed 12 August 2020 PAGE 43 1/ Crop production, https://droneascent.com/precision-agriculture-maximizes-crop-production/, viewed 12 August 2020 2/ ELEVEN 1 EQUIPMENT, https://www.glequip.com/US/Caldwell/102841537846867/Eleven-1-Equipment, viewed 12 August 2020 3/ https://austif.com.au/cash-flow-solutions-transport-companies/, viewed 12 August 2020 4/ A worker processes mangoes at Pran Agro Ltd factory in Natore recently, https://www.dhakatribune.com/business/2020/06/13/razzaque-opens-pran-s-mango-collection-pulping-activities, viewed 12 August 2020 5/ 84 - Cabinet approved “Scheme for formalisation of Micro Food Processing Enterprises (FME)”, https://www.tutorialspoint.com/current_affairs_may_2020/national.htm, viewed 12 August 2020 20 grocery store items you should never pay full price for, https://www.businessinsider.com/grocery-store-itemsyou-6/ should-never-pay-full-price-for-2018-7?r=AU&IR=T, viewed 12 August 2020 7/ The Best Reusable Bags for the Supermarket, Farmers’ Market, and the Beach, https://www.epicurious.com/expert-advice/what-are-the-best-reusable-grocery-bags-article, viewed 12 August 2020 PAGE 52 1/ Stores Launch Special Shopping Times for Seniors and Other Groups Vulnerable to COVID-19, https://www. smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/stores-launch-special-shopping-times-seniors-and-other-groups-vulnerablecovid-19-180974447/ ,viewed 12 August 2020 PAGE 58 1/ Atherton Gardens Fitzroy VIC 3065, https://www.communitygarden.org.au/ ,viewed 18 August 2020 PAGE 60 AND 61 Community Gardens Australia , https://www.communitygarden.org.au/directory ,viewed 18 August 2020

266

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PAGE 66 1/ Photograph by Abigail Liew , 14/03/2020 PAGE 72 1/ SUPERMARKETS CLOSE TO AGREEMENT ON COMMON FOOD WASTE REPORTING, https://resource.co/article/ supermarkets-close-agreement-common-food-waste-reporting-12232, viewed 12 August 2020 PAGE 74 1/ Peppers packaged in plastic at an Asda in south London. On average UK retailers pay £18 per tonne towards recycling compared to up to £133 per tonne in other European countries. Photograph: Justin Tallis/AFP/Getty Images, https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2018/jan/17/nearly-1m-tonnes-every-year-supermarkets-shamed-forplastic-packaging, viewed 12 August 2020 PAGE 80 1/ Herald Sun Hazelwood Power Station chimneys demolished in Latrobe Valley, https://www.heraldsun.com. au/subscribe/news/1/?sourceCode=HSWEB_WRE170_a_GGL&dest=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.heraldsun.com. au%2Fnews%2Fvictoria%2Fhazelwood-power-station-chimneys-will-be-demolished%2Fnews-story%2F4c73edb1768559ea55d873e1ae810f34&memtype=anonymous&mode=premium&v21suffix=155-a, viewed 7 September 2020 PAGE 82 1/ Figure 11. Australian electricity generation fuel mix, 1989–90 to 2014–15, https://aera.ga.gov.au/#!/energy-resources-and-market, viewed 4 September 2020 PAGE 83 1/ Clean Energy Council, https://www.energymatters.com.au/renewable-news/australia-posts-record-renewable-energy-growth-em6062/, viewed 4 September 2020 PAGE 84 1/ Figure 8. Australian energy balance, 1974–75 to 2014–15, https://aera.ga.gov.au/#!/energy-resources-and-market, viewed 4 September 2020 PAGE 85 1/ Figure 10. Australian primary energy consumption, by fuel type, 1974–75 to 2014–15, https://aera.ga.gov.au/#!/ energy-resources-and-market, viewed 4 September 2020

FOOD, ENERGY

267

268

STASIS

LIVING

Fanqi Sun / Li Li s / Junliang Pan

LIVING

269

270

STASIS

LIVING

271

Living represent oneâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s lifestyle. In stasis, diverse activities occur in residential besides eating, sleeping and rest, which externalize peopleâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s material and spiritual needs and forms. Living together is not really meaning we should live together, we think itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s more about although increasing individuality, we consider more about privacy but still need to connect with other. Which related more functional/diverse spaces as well as more privacy in home. More complex building, and more equally and inclusion community. In the other hand, living together we think also regard living with nature and other species. Especially in stasis conditions, due to the decrease of destruction of nature, greenery and wild animals start to back to land. How to living can have more 272

STASIS

connection with nature and greenery when people stuck in one place? because of the coronavirus, people stay more time in home, but more spaces needed to keep the privacy and safety. So how to guarantee 1.5 social distances and isolate requirements in limited land and increasing population and peopleâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s mental health? Due to stasis condition, people donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t go far away for other activities. Various functions can only happen in living. lots of working and outdoor spaces are leaved unused, can it translate to living typology? Is that lead to a more intensive living module?

LIVING

273

Melbourneâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;Timeline

Figure 3: Melbourne Metropolitan Planning Scheme 1954: Report by State Government of Victoria , 1954.

Figure1: Plan for General Development by State Government of Victoria , 1929.

Figure 4: Melbourne Metropolitan Planning Scheme 1954: Report by State Government of Victoria , 1954.

Figure 5: Melbourne Metropolitan Planning Scheme 1954: Report by State Government of Victoria , 1954.

Figure 2: Plan for General Development by State Government of Victoria , 1929.

274

STASIS

Figure 8: Metropolitan Strategy Implementation by State Government of Victoria , 1981.

Figure 9: Metropolitan Strategy Implementation by State Government of Victoria , 1981.

Figure 6: Planning Policies for Metropolitan by State Government of Victoria , 1971.

Figure 7: Planning Policies for Metropolitan by State Government of Victoria , 1971.

Figure 10: Metropolitan Strategy Implementation by State Government of Victoria , 1981.

LIVING

275

Figure4: A plan for Melbourne's growth areas by State Government of Victoria , 2005.

Figure1: LIVING SUBURBS by State Government of Victoria , 1995.

Figure5: A plan for Melbourne's growth areas by State Government of Victoria , 2005.

Figure2: LIVING SUBURBS by State Government of Victoria , 1995.

Figure3: LIVING SUBURBS by State Government of Victoria , 1995.

276

STASIS

Figure6: Premier Tower U/C : Melbourne by u/Whinnybob , 2019. Figure8: Your first peek at whatâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s in the works for Sidewalk Toronto by Newinhomes, 2018.

Figure7: New Urban Living: Contemporary Homes in Melbourne by Kaelan Burkett.

LIVING

277

Melbourneâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;Mapping

Figure 1: 1864c East Melbourne Map by East Melbourne Historical Society, web map.

Figure 4: Melbourne 1945 by Nathaniel Jeffrey, 2020,web map.

278

STASIS

Figure 2: Vintage Map of Melbourne Austr web map.

Figure 5: Plan i Metropolitan B

ralia (1912) Poster by Alleycatshirts,

Figure 3: Map of Melbourne & suburbs : 800 feet to 1 in by Melbourne and Metropolitan Board of Works , 1896-1916..

index Melbourne and Metropolitan Board of Works South Region by Melbourne and Board of Works, 1945.

LIVING

279

Projected population

Figure 1: population change by Australian Bureau of Statistics, Victoria 2018 to 2056

Figure 2: Components of population change by Australian Bureau of Statistics, Victoria 2018 to 2056

280

STASIS

â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;The official projection assumes average net migration (overseas and interstate) of 84,000 per annum. This leads to a total net migration of 3.2 million over 38 years. Should Victoria prove more attractive to migrants, with net migration averaging 102,000 per annum, the population could grow to 12.1 million by 2056 at an annual average rate of 1.7 per cent. This represents the higher end of the range in the chart. If average net migration were as low as 71,000 per annum, Victoria would grow at 1.3per cent per annum, leading to a population of 10.6 million by 2056 (the lower end of the range).â&#x20AC;&#x2122; (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2019, Victoria in Future).

Figure 3: Projected population, Victoria: range of outcomes by Australian Bureauof Statistics

LIVING

281

Density Development From 2006 to 2011, the density of the city center was the highest and spread to the suburbs of Melbourne. High density area start from CBD to grow in all directions.

Figure 1: A Detailed Look At Changes In Melbourne Residential Density 2006-2011 by Charting Transport, web map.

282

STASIS

Figure 2: A Detailed Look At Changes In Melbourne Residential Density 2006-2011 by Charting Transport, web map.

LIVING

283

City Living Density

Figure 1: Thousands Of City Trees Have Been Lost To Development, When We Need Them More Than Ever by City of Melbourne, 2020. 284

STASIS

LIVING

285

Neighborhood Unit Neighborhood Unit

Figure 1: Clarence Perry's neighbourhood unit,the New York Regional Survey, Vol 7. 1929 286

STASIS

'The neighborhood unit, or neighborhood unit concept (NUC), is a residential design model, credited to Clarence A. Perry, for a neighborhood population of about 5,000â&#x20AC;&#x201C;9,000 residents, with school, places of worship, and recreational areas at its center. Commercial uses were relegated to the perimeter of the neighborhood along arterial streets which defined the boundaries of the neighborhood.' Pedestrians were able to move freely along interior curvilinear streets without interference from high-speed vehicular traffic. The model, utilizing curvilinear streets, accentuated a break with the traditional neighborhood grid-pattern street system of the early 1900s. (Lawhon L.L. , 2014) Considering that elementary school students do not cross the road to school, take the elementary school as the radius and 1/2 mile (1mile=1.6093km) as the radius to consider the size of the neighborhood unit. Commercial service facilities necessary for daily life are also set up near the primary school, and the neighborhood unit is for residents.

LIVING

287

Neighborhood Center

Figure 2: Oasis Terrace: Singapore's New Neighborhood Center by Serie Architects & Multiply Architects

Figure 3: Oasis Terrace: Singapore's New Neighborhood Center by Serie Architects & Multiply Architects 288

STASIS

According to the size and type of the property and the needs of the resident population, it is equipped with corresponding commercial supporting facilities. The developer or the property owner conducts centralized operation and management. The main purpose is not profit, but a community life service center that provides goods and services to community residents . The Singapore Development Board divides the community business planning into three levels, configures and sets the corresponding levels, and divides the three levels: The first one will be a neighborhood store from 1,000 to 1,500. It is called a neighborhood store in Shanghai, China. The second 8,000 to 10,000 households set up a community business. The third 40,000 households are equipped with a center, which may be a district-level commercial and large-scale shopping center that more developers pay attention to. Size:(1.27m^2 to 1 unit)

LIVING

289

Ildefons Cerdà i Sunyer (Museu d'Historia de la Ciutat, Barcelona)

Ildefons Cerdà i Sunyer (Museu plan, d'Historia la Ciutat, Figure 4: Cerdà’s modified inde1859. byBarcelona) IldefonsCerdà

traffic co Slow down public transportation

Difficult to reach office

Slow down public Difficult to reach office Residents no using transportation Office relocation public transportation

Residents no Reduced using investment Office relocation Choose to travel public transportation in public transportation by car 290

STASIS

traffic con

Increased vehicle tr

Increased The livabim blocktraffi is re vehicle

Resident

TheSuburban livabilit block is red

roadway super block park 600

1200

Barcelonaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; Superblocks Planning

1800

forest waters

2400

600

1200

1800

2400

roadway super block park forest waters

Figure 5: superblock model by Barcelona Urban Ecology Barcelonaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; Superblocks Planning Agency

ongestion

ngestion

d motor raffic

motor ility of the educed ffic

t migration ty of the nization

duced

Air pollution

Noise pollution

Air pollution

Serda blocks

Greenhouse gases

Noise pollution

Increased risk of traffic accidents

Increased risk Encroachment of public spaceof traffic accidents

LIVING

Encroachment of public space

291

400m Urban road

400m Block road 10km/h

50km/h

Figure 6: Road system on superblock model by Barcelona Urban Ecology Agency

400m Urban road

Enclosed

50km/h

B A

B A 400m

B A

A.Serda blocks

Block road

10km/h

B A

Super blocks

A comparative study on the walking trafficability of different living modes

Enclosed

A.Serda blocks

Super blocks

A comparative study on the walking trafficability of different living modes

292

STASIS

URBAN ROAD

Bike way

BLOCK ROAD

Public transit spot <300m

Pedestrian >3m Pedestrian >3.7m

<55dB

COMMERCIAL RESIDENTIAL

Figure 7: superblock model by Barcelona Urban Ecology Agency URBAN ROAD

BLOCK ROAD Pedestrian and bicycle priority

Public transit spot

COMMERCIAL RESIDENTIAL

Fire engines and ambulances

WAREHOUSE PARKING LOT

Transshipment of goods

Figure 8: superblock model by Barcelona Urban Ecology Agency

Indoor space as a place for social communication and activities

Vegetation as habitat

WI-FI

Initial activities as attractive elements of public spaces

Urban garden as a place for social interaction and connection

COMMERCIAL RESIDENTIAL

Figure 9: superblock model by Barcelona Urban Ecology Agency LIVING

293

Decline of bricks Decline of bricks and and mortar retail mortar retail

Figure 1:Deloitte Access Economics predicts a 1.4 per cent slump in turn over growth, by Deloitte Access Economics 294

STASIS

Deloitte Access Economics predicts a 1.4 per cent slump in turno

LIVING

over growth.(Supplied: Deloitte Access Economics)

295

Ecommerce growth 'Previously, Australian consumers largely bought more discretionary items online, such as apparel and consumer electronics. Now they are also shopping online for essential items, including groceries, pharmacy products and alcohol. In the post coronavirus (COVID-19) era we expect most categories to experience an acceleration of online channel growth.'(KPMG 2020, para. 8)

Figure 2: history of ecommerce growth in Australia, pre COVID-19 by KPMG analysis 296

STASIS

Figure 3: Potential for ecommerce penetration uplift, post COVID-19 by KPMG analysis LIVING

297

Chance for local store 'For some small operators, like Rouwell Shammas in western Sydney, business is booming. "We're doing well so far â&#x20AC;&#x201D; business is up by about 20 or 30 per cent," Mr Shammas said. He sells "almost everything" in his small Rita Supermarket at Mt Druitt, which has been serving the local community for 15 years. He said what he did not have in stock, such as hand sanitiser and cleaning products, he made up for with personalised customer care. He said more elderly people had been shopping at his store since the coronavirus pandemic, because they could park easily, shop quickly and avoid crowds.' (Dominique Schwartz & Mary Lloyd,2020)

298

STASIS

Figure 4: Rita Supermarket in Sydney's west by Brendan Esposito ,2020, photograph.

Figure 5: Rita Supermarket in Sydney's west by Brendan Esposito ,2020, photograph. LIVING

299

‘Wesfarmers’ Rob Scott became the latest in a line of listed retail company chief executives to foreshadow largescale store closures on Tuesday when he said he didn’t see many of the Target chain’s 290 large-format stores being commercially viable over time. Store numbers and sizes would be slashed; discussions with landlords would be held. Discount department store Kmart is turning its stores into makeshift distribution centres as demand for its products continues to soar. Kmart has temporarily closed three of its stores in Queensland, NSW and Victoria to convert them into fulfilment centres as online orders skyrocket. The trial involves the Brandon Park store in Victoria, Top Ryde in New South Wales and Caboolture store in Queensland.’(Brittany-coles,2020)

300

STASIS

Figure 6: Target store by TONY ASHBY,2020, photograph.

e Figure 7: Chadstone shopping centre on March 20 by JOE ARMAO,2020, photograph. LIVING

301

What if the New Dwelling or Pu store and office

Interg Acces Typ Tran

302

STASIS

ublic space take over the space that occupied on CBD.

gration ssibility pology nsform

LIVING

303

Grids Responsibilities Government will be responsible for maintain the main grids, and loacl residents be respomsible for maintain the sub grids to avoid inresponsible spaces

Sub Grids Exchange Public Space The sub grids can be covered. But by returning the same scale of public space in order to propose mixed volume of different space and avoid the lack of public space 304

STASIS

Not Crossing Main Grids The buildings can not cross the main grids in order to maintain original spatial scale for streets and blocks on the site.

Parking Along Main Grids The buildings with underground parking need to be located along the main grids in order to avoid traffic disorder across the site

LIVING

305

15m

Average Height Control The average building height needs to be under 15m, in order to avoid the over exploitation of suburban realm.

60%80%

Housing Program The housing program percentage should be around 60%-80%. It will maintain the basic dewelling need and the diversity of street experiences within the site 306

STASIS

Bouns If public space was built along the public accessing route. Resident can get building bonus within the building , in order to propose individual use on section.

LIVING

307

What if the suburban living mode Multi-year-old stratum by giving re living environment und

Accessib Public sp ě&#x203A;&#x201D;ě&#x201E;¸

Figure 1: collage of Urban village Development Model: Adaptlization by Li Yidong, Zhu Ziyuan, Wu Yu and Xiong Ying 2017 308

STASIS

el become more suitable for the esident power to customize their der the urban from.

bility pace ě&#x201E;¸

LIVING

309

Grids Responsibilities Government will be responsible for maintain the main grids, and loacl residents be respomsible for maintain the sub grids to avoid inresponsible spaces

STASIS

Not Crossing Main Grids The buildings can not cross the main grids in order to maintain original spatial scale for streets and blocks on the site.

Parking Along Main Grids The buildings with underground parking need to be located along the main grids in order to avoid traffic disorder across the site

LIVING

311

60m

Average Height Control The average building height needs to be under 60m, in order to avoid the over exploitation

Development Right Transfer The development volume can be transferred between different Households in order to hold the high dense population and promote self-organzation toward the community. 312

STASIS

20%60%

Housing Transfer Program The housing transfer program percentage should be around 20%-60%. It will maintain the basic urban function and the diversity of street experiences within the site

LIVING

313

Elderly Population in Australia Proportion of the Australian population aged 65 and over

Figure 1: Retirement and Retirement Intentions by Australian bureau of statistics, 2020.

Proportion of retirees by state or territory

Figure 2: Retirement and Retirement Intentions by Australian bureau of statistics, 2020. 314

STASIS

Housing and care needs -- a simple schema

Figure 3: Retirement and Retirement Intentions by Australian bureau of statistics, 2020.

Policy issues affecting housing decisions of older Australians

Figure 4: Retirement and Retirement IntentionsLIVING by Australian bureau of statistics, 2020.

315

Key features of housing options for older Australians

Figure 5: Retirement and Retirement Intentions by Australian bureau of statistics, 2020.

316

STASIS

Where do older Australians live Proportion of population over 65 in 2011

Figure 6: Retirement and Retirement Intentions by Australian bureau of statistics, 2020.

LIVING

317

Apartments Apartments for Life (A4L) for Life (A4L) Holland Holland

The Levensloopbestendige movement – known in English as Apartments The Levensloopbestendige movement for Life (A4L) – is run by Humanitas, – known in English as Apartments a Dutch NGO founded in 1945. It for Life (A4L) – is run by Humanitas, provides cost-efficient housing and a Dutch NGO founded in 1945. It care solutions that meet the physical provides cost-efficient housing and and mental needs of the elderly. care solutions that meet the physical The principal objective of A4L is to and mental needs of the elderly. ensure the happiness of its residents The principal objective of A4L is to by mixing age groups and providing ensure the happiness of its residents clients with a maximum level of by mixing age groups and providing autonomy. (Sofia Widén and William Haseltine ,2016) clients with a maximum level of autonomy. Dr Hans Becker set up the first A4L home in Rotterdam in 1992. The Dr Hans Becker set up the first A4L home comprises 350 apar tments home in Rotterdam in 1992. The in three complexes. Since then, the home comprises 350 apar tments organisation has grown to incorporate in three complexes. Since then, the 3,000 apartments . (Sofia Widén and William organisation has grown to incorporate Haseltine ,2016) 3,000 apartments . 318

STASIS

nt ts s, It d al y. o ts g of

L e s e e Figure 1: Humanitas Foundation Rotterdam: Interview with Dr. Hans Becker by Sofia WidĂŠn and William Haseltine, 2016.

LIVING

319

Inside Insideof ofA4L A4L This Thisis isHans HansBecker's Becker'sapartment apartmentatat A4L. The apartments inin A4L areare not A4L. The apartments A4L not the thesame, same,and andclients clientsliving livinghere here can candecorate decoratetheir theirown ownrooms roomsbyby (Hugo Cox ,2016) themselves. themselves. InInaddition, addition,each eachA4L A4Lapartment apartment has hasa bar, a bar,a variety a varietyofofrestaurants, restaurants, a asmoking smokingroom, room,a ahair hairsalon, salon,a a grocery grocerystore, store,upscale upscaleboutiques, boutiques, a abeauty beautysalon salonand andmore. more.The The building buildingforforaged agedcare carebecomes becomesa a small community where the olders small community where the olders can enjoy their lifelife asas the young do.do. can enjoy their the young

(Hugo Cox ,2016)

Happiness is is asas important asas health Happiness important health and safety inin old age. and safety old age.

320

STASIS

Figure 2: the maverick seeking to transform retirement living by Hugo Cox, 2016. LIVING

321

If the elderly live in their own house, what should the community do According to the research for Apartments for Life, we find that AGE Care not only need ensures the safety of the elderly, but also need provides more services according to the needs of the elderly. We tested the development of the Aged Care Center into a complex building, where living and indoor services and outdoor services were provided.

322

STASIS

provided.

only need ensures the safety of the elderly. We tested the development services and outdoor services were

LIVING

323

Resident type

Figure 4: Population by age group, Victoria 2018 and 2056 by Australian Bureau of Statistics

Figure 5: Households by type, Victoria 2016 and 2056 by Australian Bureau of Statistics

324

STASIS

Families with children Couple-only households Lone person households Group and other households Figure 6: Households by type, Victoria 2016 and 2056 by Australian Bureau of Statistics

0-17 yrs 18-64 yrs 65+ yrs

'Households are expected to be smaller. Older Victorians are more likely to live in a one- or two-personhousehold than a larger household so, as the population ages, both the number and the proportion of these households increase. The average size of a household therefore decreases: from 2.54 persons per household in Victoria in 2016 to 2.40 in 2056.'(Australian Bureau of Statistics 2019, Victoria in Future).

Figure 7: Population by age group, Victoria 2018 and 2056 by Australian Bureau of Statistics

LIVING

325

Melbourne Living typoloSuburb Independent house and semi-independent house are mainly distributed in the suburbs of cities, while semi-independent villas are more distributed in the suburbs with scarce land or high market demand, while independent villas are mainly distributed in the suburbs with sufficient land and low population density. The detached house has more inside space and garden space, not only enough interior space, but also a private garden providing plenty of outdoor space. Semi-detached house is common in high density areas. Although they do not have enough indoor and outdoor space like independent house, more privacy than a townhouse.

326

STASIS

Figure 1: Top 6 Australiaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s housing types and its differences by Mandy Chen, 2019.

Figure 2: Top 6 Australiaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s housing types and its differences by Mandy Chen, 2019.

LIVING

327

Apartment City/ Suburb

Low-rise apartments are located in CBD and high-density suburbs where land is scarce. Each home has its own balcony and Shared communal facilities. High-rise apartments are distributed in CBD, and many towers have no external balconies, so private space is limited. Corridors, gyms and swimming pools are all public Spaces. Provide housing for high density areas. Compared with house, apartments are mostly rented for people who work and study nearby.

328

STASIS

Figure 3: Top 6 Australiaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s housing types and its differences by Mandy Chen, 2019.

Figure 4: Top 6 Australiaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s housing types and its differences by Mandy Chen, 2019.

LIVING

329

Housing City/Suburb

Terrace is an architectural style in London and Paris, mainly located near the CBD. While providing limited living space, the Terrace has large balcony and a small garden. Compared with the apartment, the Terrace reduces the public space and provides privacy. Townhouses are mostly of modern design and distributed in the suburbs of medium density. More indoor and outdoor space than the Terrace townhouse. But residents need to share a garden or stairs with other residents.

330

STASIS

Figure 5: Top 6 Australiaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s housing types and its differences by Mandy Chen, 2019.

Figure 6: Top 6 Australiaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s housing types and its differences by Mandy Chen, 2019.

LIVING

331

TypologyTownhouse Australia/ Japan The townhouses in New South Wales were designed by Campbell Architecture. Three features of townhousesďź&#x161; simple functional spaces that work with the way a family lives; overlapping spaces to maximise apparent space; a bold yet simple oval

Figure 1: Contemporary townhouse in Australia by 88Designbox, 2015.

Figure 2: Contemporary townhouse in Australia by 88Designbox, 2015.

332

STASIS

Figure 3: Contemporary townhouse in Australia by 88Designbox, 2015. LIVING

333

Japan Japanese townhouses are limited in size, with narrow north-south scales and short daylight hours (Paula Pintos 2019).

In this project, the site of this building is smallâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;about 60 sqm in size. It is a commonly found small lot in a residential area in Tokyo (Paula Pintos 2019).

Figure 1: Rooftop House / Another APARTMENT / Tsuyoshi Kobayashi by Paula Pintos, 2019. 334

STASIS

Figure 2: Rooftop House / Another APARTMENT / Tsuyoshi Kobayashi by Paula Pintos, 2019. LIVING

335

TypologyHouse Australia

In Australia, houses are mostly distributed in the suburbs, covering a large area with sufficient indoor and outdoor space. T h e p ro j e c t w a s d e s i g n e d b y Pi t c h Architecture + Design in Victoria. The total area is 272 square meters In this project, the house has both indoor and outdoor dining areas, and the open design brings the outdoor garden into the interior, instead of being a closed space. In addition, the house has plenty of outdoor sports space and balconies (Pitch Architecture + Design).

336

STASIS

Figure 1: Warraweena by Pitch Architecture + Design.

Figure 2: Warraweena by Pitch Architecture + Design.

LIVING

337

Public Housing

DHHS.vic, viewed on 26/07/2020

ABC NEWS, viewed on 26/07/2020

SBS NEWS, viewed on 26/07/2020

338

STASIS

Poor condition in public housing High density with communal functional space

ABS 2016, cited in Ketchell 2020,THE CONVERSATION, viewed on 26/07/2020

Figure 2: A sign in a window of the Flemington Towers Government Housing complex by Darrian Traynor, Getty 2020

LIVING

339

Figure 3: The intimidating scale and uniformity of public housing can be a problem in Melbourne bySandra Carrasco, 2020

340

STASIS

Public Housing Typology? --Spatial organization? --Sharing spaces? Density?

How to provide a safe environment in pandemic condition?

How the spaces can be organized to ensure tenentâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s mental health? --Usage of sharing spaces --Tiny living spaces --Lack of sunlight LIVING

341

Work form home Due to spreading of Corona-virus, more and more employees work remotely to keep safe

The Washington Post, viewed on 26/07/2020

WORK

WORK LIFE

LIFE

Balance

Integration

How to balance the life and work?

THE CONVERSATION, viewed on 26/07/2020

342

STASIS

How to balance the life and work? -especially when have kids?

Figure1: Parentsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; work hours,The Conversation, 2020

THE CONVERSATION, viewed on 26/07/2020

City to suburb

ABC NEWS, viewed on 26/07/2020

How public transport projects will be?

HERE Technologies, cited in THE CONVERSATION, viewed on 26/07/2020

LIVING

343

Work form home

Changes to work demand Not having clear boundaries between home-life and work-life -- How to balance work and life --What is the right condition for sustainable work Mental issue New city plan? --Public transport

344

STASIS

Singapore Tower Apartment

GOODWOOD RESIDENCE- 4Bedrooms

Bedroom Relationship

LIVING

345

Singapore Tower Apartment

GOODWOOD RESIDENCE- 4Bedrooms

346

STASIS

Bath Kitchen& Dining Living Movement

GOODWOOD RESIDENCE- 4Bedrooms

LIVING

347

2Bedrooms

1LDK 348

STASIS

Japan Tower Apartment

Bath Kitchen& Dining Living Go home Leave home

3Bedrooms

2Bedrooms LIVING

349

Tower Apartment

MELBOURNE SQUARE- 2 Bedrooms

350

STASIS

MELBOURNE SQUAR

RE- 3 Bedrooms

Bedroom Movement

Swanston Square- 2 Bedrooms

LIVING

351

Tower Apartment

MELBOURNE SQUARE- 2 Bedrooms

352

STASIS

MELBOURNE SQUA

ARE- 3 Bedrooms

Kitchen& Dining Living Movement

Swanston Square- 2 Bedrooms LIVING

353

International Student Space usage by time

0:00

23:59

Living Kitchen & Dinning Bedroom Theatre/Other Activites Study Room Tenant 1 Tenant 2

Living

Kitchen & Dinning

Bedroom

Theatre/Other Activites

Study Room

Storage

Bathroom

Greenery/Outdoor

Functional room size & how it need to be changed

354

STASIS

Couples

Space usage by time

0:00

23:59

Living Kitchen & Dinning Bedroom

Theatre/Other Activites

Study Room

Space can be sharing at the same time Dweller 1 Dweller 2

House

Theatre/Other Activite

Kitchen& Dining Living

For Couples

Bedroom Study Various circulations

Issue: Cirlculation interated Lack of privcy Share office space LIVING

355

House For Families

Theatre/Other Activites

Kitchen& Dining Living Bedroom Study Various circulations

Issue: Open plan - cirlculation interated - lack of privcy Clustered bedroom

356

STASIS

Families

Space usage by time 0:00

23:59

Living Kitchen & Dinning Bedroom

Theatre/Other Activites Study Room

Space can be sharing at the same time Parents Children

Families Living

Kitchen & Dinning

Bedroom

Theatre/Other Activites

Study Room

Storage

Bathroom

Greenery/Outdoor

Functional room size & how it need to be changed

LIVING

357

What if the living space becomes a multi-funcational space, and replace open plan to flexible walls? How are Living Space Organisations affected

Figure 1:How space changed for different actitvies in multi-functional living space by Kong gong, 2020

358

STASIS

Figure 2:The “Day Mode” arrangement, which is configured to provide a generous living and dining space by Woods Bagot, 2020

Figure 3:The “Night Mode” arrangement, in which the living room is compressed to create a significant master suite and second bedroom by Woods Bagot, 2020

Figure 4:The “Play Mode” arrangement, where the apartment is transformed into a wide open space for entertainment. by Woods Bagot, 2020 LIVING

359

What if change the spatial sequence, re-organized space by circulations?

Figure 5: Disinfeiction routes byJane Zhanng, 2020

Organized space by route back home related with how to keep clean in home 360

STASIS

Our Proposal Redefine the boundary of living space: break the bondage of the living module, increasing individuality, extending living space to community.

LIVING

361

362

STASIS

Site Analysis

25 June 2020

2 July 2020 LIVING

363

Residential area

Retail area Maternity hospital

Residential area

364

STASIS

SITE

Residential area

SITE

Stonnington--Malvern LIVING

365

366

STASIS

LIVING

367

368

STASIS

Medium Size Space

Large Size Space

Small Size Space

LIVING

369

Functional space analysis

Public

370

STASIS

Flexible

Private

Stucked LIVING

371

Bedroom 1 Master room Working area in room

Flexible wall- can open to public

372

Storage bed- not lofting to much

STASIS

Box with wheels

Storage

Extra space for working LIVING

373

Bedroom 2 Elderly room

Flexible wall- can open to public

Option open to sitting area

374

STASIS

settled on the groundsafe for elderly using

LIVING

Option open to sitting area

375

Bedroom 3 Children's room

Windows for parents to notice the safety of children

Lofting bed but not too much to keep safety

Play area

Desk for study if needed

376

STASIS

Bedroom 4 Teenager / Youth's room

Lofting bed

Large space remain for study area

LIVING

377

Adaptable sitting area

Multi-function, can be using as small dining, cafe, study room.

With wheels, can be move to anywhere according to requirement

378

STASIS

Flexible Walls with storage

LIVING

379

AXO: Organized in one room

380

STASIS

LIVING

381

382

STASIS

LIVING

383

384

STASIS

LIVING

385

386

STASIS

LIVING

387

Transformation of balcony Development

388

STASIS

LIVING

389

390

STASIS

LIVING

391

Transformation of balcony

Type A 392

STASIS

LIVING

393

Type B 394

STASIS

Type A

Type B

LIVING

395

Shareable Balcony Shareable Balcony

396

STASIS

n o C

n i t c e n

ng i t eva

El g n i sh

LIVING

397

Shareable Balcony

398

STASIS

LIVING

399

Humble workshop Humble workshop

Desk

c u r st 400

STASIS

it n u g vin o m

Bed Reception window

En-

on i t c n u f

e r u ct LIVING

401

Flexible greenary corridor

402

STASIS

LIVING

403

Flexible greenary c

404

STASIS

corridor

LIVING

405

406

STASIS

Overall View

LIVING

407

408

STASIS

Overall View

LIVING

409

Overall View

410

STASIS

LIVING

411

Overall View

412

STASIS

LIVING

413

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Widén S and Haseltine W 2016, Humanitas Foundation Rotterdam: Interv 2020, <https://accessh.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Dr.-Hans-Becker-Hum

Zhihu.com. 2020. 在新加坡租房，有哪些经验可以分享？ question/22430961> 知乎专栏 . 2020. 日本人都住小户型，为啥从不抱怨挤？ p/101707459>.

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ssed 5 Nov 2020. <https://www.archdaily.com/789966/tokyo-

ed 5 November 2020. <https://www.unicef.org/coronavirus/kids-video-

view with Dr. Hans Becker, ACCESS Health international, viewed 15 Oct

manitas-Foundation-Rotterdam-for-publication-1.pdf>. 知乎 . Accessed 5 November 2020. <https://www.zhihu.com/

？ . Accessed 5 November 2020. <https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/

LIVING

425

426

STASIS

RETAIL

LU HAN

/ YIHAN WANG / AISHWARYA KHOTH

RETAIL, COMMERCE

427

428

STASIS

Heading Retail contributes to the urban agenda because it creates urbanity. Retailing is inherent to the city and its social interactions, and it is an indicator of urban quality and vitality. Retailers generate activity while creating and shaping space in the city because commerce is spatially rooted on urban concepts: center, square, high street… Retail markets and shops have a very ancient history, dating back to antiquity. Some of the earliest retailers were itinerant peddlers. Over the centuries, retail shops were transformed from little more than “rude booths” to the sophisticated shopping malls of the modern era. Most modern retailers typically make a variety of strategic level decisions including the type of store, the market to be served, the optimal product assortment, customer service, supporting services and the store’s overall market positioning. Once the strategic retail plan is in place, retailers devise the retail mix which includes product, price, place, promotion, personnel, and presentation. In the digital age, an increasing number of retailers are seeking to reach broader markets by selling through multiple channels, including both bricks and mortar and online retailing. Digital technologies are also changing the way that consumers pay for goods and services. Retailing support services may also include the provision of credit, delivery services, advisory services, stylist services and a range of other supporting services. The coronavirus pandemic is likely to change how and what consumers buy, forcing the retail industry to quickly innovate in a race that’s likely to squeeze smaller brands. Retailers were already under pressure prior to the pandemic, struggling to adapt to a growing online world and facing lower margins amid a plethora of competitors. The Covid-19 outbreak has accelerated some of these trends, with more people shopping online and an inventory excess that’s likely to cut margins even further.

RETAIL, COMMERCE

429

2500 B.C.E: Glass thought to have originated in Mesopotamia flat glass known to have been used in Pompeii for windows

687 B.C.E: Incention of coins in Lydia coincides with invenrion of retail shops 45 B.C.E: Pedestrian zones offcially legislated in Rome

430

STASIS

150014001300120011001000 BC

1200 B.C.E: Cowie shells used as money in china

400 B.E.C: The Greek agora conflates public forum and marketplace seventh century B.E.C: Lydians invent shops c.110: Trajian's Market

Middle Age: Marketplace as civic center 1100-1300 : Rise of trade causes significant growth of shops

Late 16th century : Fabric Bazaar, Isfahan Early 17th century: Growth of markets in Europe RETAIL, COMMERCE

431

17 Century: Use of credit leads to explosion in number of shops 17 Century: Skylight enables the arcade

1838-1870: Citywide sidewalk system built in Paris

1869: First elevator in a department store, Paris 1874: First known moving platform proposal

432

STASIS

180017001600

1666: Sidewalk provided in London after the Great Fire Late 1600s: First appearance of glazed shop fronts in Holland

17th century: Explosion shops due to rise in credit

1786: First arcade: Galeries de Bois, Paris 1824: Introduction of fixed prices

1840: Charles Henry Harrod takes over a small grocery shop

1852: First department store: Au Bon Marche, Paris 1859: First modern chain store: Great Atlantic & Pacific Tea Co.,New York

1879: First Woolworth's, Lancaster, Pa. 1888-93: GUM, Moscow

RETAIL, COMMERCE

433

1925: Air conditioning and highways enables the shoppingmall

1900

1925: First modern superhighway: Bronx River Parkway

Late 1940s: UPC code coincides with growth of supermarket size

2000: Avg. Credit card debt in the U.S. IS $2814 434

STASIS

2000

1960: Computerized mailing lists

1922: First unified shopping mall : Country Club Plaza, Kansas City

1930: First supermarket: King Kunllen, N,Y.

1950: First open-air mall: Northgate, Seattle 1956: First enclosed mall: Southdale, Minneapolis(Victor Gruen) 1957: First duty-free shop, shannon airport, Iceland

1962: First Wal-Mart 1964: Yorkdale Shopping Plaza, Toronto: 72 Acres; Parking for 6736 cars

1990: Birth of internet 1992: Largest mall: West dmonton 1992-1994ďź&#x161; 55% of new U.S. retail were big box 1994: Yahoo! And Amazon created, promoting the credit card payment trend. 1995: 4.97 billion sq.ft. total leasable retail area 1995: Ebay created. 1995 to 2000, Elon Musk Create paypal made it possible for buyers to make small payments to third parties if they did not want to share their personal banking information with merchants

1997: As many as one in five malls will close In 2002, eBay acquired PayPal and took a leading position in mobile payment field until 2014, when it was overtaken by Alipay in the second quarter RETAIL, COMMERCE 435

BACKGR

LINK TO URBAN ISSUES, ECONOMIC I

436

STASIS

ROUND

ISSUES AND ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES

RETAIL, COMMERCE

437

RETAIL EXPERIENCE AND MODELS

THE SOUK OR THE RETAIL INSIDE THE CITY (HIGH STREET) This is the traditional role of retail in the city. The Souk is a concentration of local independent retailers whose activity helps to build a system of relationships, exchanges, information, and ultimately, a sense of community. The Souk is also the first type of department store.

Photo: Al-Hamidiyah Souk Damasc

The two-century old Al-Hamidiyah Souk of Damask extends for more than half Km. Its shops offer local goods such as textiles and antiques. Beyond the main shopping area for locals, the Souk is the place to hang out.

438

STASIS

RETAIL, COMMERCE

439

RETAIL EXPERIENCE AND MODELS

OUT-OF-TOWN SHOPPING CENTRES The open malls in the US represent a new evolution of shopping malls, where cars are located inside and the retail is around. This is completely opposite to the traditional relationship between retail and the city. Retail takes place and is rooted in basic urban areas: the streets, squares, the city centresâ&#x20AC;Ś It is not something additional but, on the contrary, it is determinant in configuring the area, and very importantly, it is the first indicator of the quality of life in a city. Displacing too much the retail activity to the shopping malls impoverishes the city centre in all senses.

440

STASIS

As we can see in the map of flows below, corresponding to the region of Castilla-Leรณn (Spain), people move to bigger cities for non-daily shopping purposes.

RETAIL, COMMERCE

441

RETAIL EXPERIENCE AND MODELS

SHOPPING MALLS: 1950S. The concept of malls as central locations where customers can visit multiple merchants has been around since the agoras of Ancient Greece. However, our more modern concept of malls â&#x20AC;&#x201D; as physically built shops connected in one location with communal facilities â&#x20AC;&#x201D; began in the 20th century. The first shopping mall was technically an outdoor shopping plaza that opened in 1922 in Kansas City. However, the first indoor shopping mall that mirrored how we think of malls today was opened in 1956 in Edina, Minnesota. Malls were often anchored by a large department store with a cluster of other stores around it. The growth of these shopping centers was correlated with the growth of automobiles. With cars available to the masses, more people were leaving cities and commuting from the suburbs. The mall was envisioned as a cultural and social center where people could come together and not only do their shopping but also make an activity of it. By 1960, there were more than 4,500 malls accounting for 14% of all retail sales.

442

STASIS

Southdale Center in Edina, Minnesota.

RETAIL, COMMERCE

443

RETAIL EXPERIENCE AND MODELS

TRADITIONAL LOCAL RETAIL Retail is important as a vitality factor for the city centre, where people often go for a variety of leisure purposes: social, cultural, entertainment and shopping. But retailing also plays an important role in generating activity in the neighbourhoods. Small independent retailers are the ones who use the space at the ground floors of the buildings, keeping residential areas lively while offering a convenient service to the locals and preventing journeys within and out of the city areas for daily shopping needs. This retail atomisation makes it difficult for the city to keep customers in the centre district given the trend of using the car for daily shopping, which ignores, in effect, the inner cityâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s retail offer.

444

STASIS

MAIN QUALITY OF TRADITIONAL LOCAL RETAIL

- Accessibility - Vitality For City - Pedestrian Connectedness - Diverse Spaces

RETAIL, COMMERCE

445

ECONOMICAL RESILIENCE

The equilibrium approach has been used to define ecological and engineering resilience, and the evolutionary approach to defining economic resilience, which is connected with the resilience of retail units. This idea has a strong connection to market relations in retail systems. Erkip et al. (2014) define the resilience of an urban retail system as the ability of different types of retailing, at different scales, to adapt to changes, crises, or shocks that challenge the systemâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s equilibrium without failing to perform their functions in a sustainable way. This can include both city center retailers and large-scale shopping centers, both evolving over time. Most city center retailers have suffered from the impact of largescale retail outlets, which represent the new consumption spaces.

446

STASIS

RETAIL, COMMERCE

447

SHOPPING MALL & EMPLOYMENT

The displacement of existing retail workers and local businesses by large-scale outlets has been a common issue in the literature (Basker, 2005; Neumark et al., 2006; Bernstein Research, 2005). Big-box stores displace up to six local businesses and destroy historical commercial areas, but also increase retail employment while substantially decreasing wage levels (Bernstein Research, 2005).

448

STASIS

2KM

SHOPPING MALL

4KM

TRADITIONAL RETAIL SHOPS

The impact varies with time, distance, and product category: employment increases within two kilometers of big-box developments, but decreases beyond four kilometers, and hardware, catalogue, lumberyards, fashion, and general merchandise stores in proximity are most affected (Jones & Doucet, 2000).

RETAIL, COMMERCE

449

DEAD MALL & WHITE ELEPHANT

The other issue related to the economic resilience of retail is the poorly performing malls, which are also referred to as ‘white elephants’ (Evans-Cowley, 2005) or ‘dead malls’ (Parlette & Cowen, 2011). A new shopping center incurs high land development costs for municipalities, because developers select large sites at the urban fringe, where land is cheaper, large lots are available, and stores are close to consumers in the suburbs. Municipalities have to provide infrastructure and pay for traffic-related costs (Irwin & Clark, 2007).

450

STASIS

RETAIL, COMMERCE

451

DEAD MALL & WHITE ELEPHANT

After the 2008 global crisis, shopping centers have reinvented their business models and managers have focused on centersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; competitive qualifications. For example, new design schemes for shopping centers, such as themed shopping streets or open-air design, have increased the survival of shopping centers.

452

STASIS

MAIN QUALITY OF SHOPPING MALL

- Occupying a large space - Large investment in surrounding facilities - Developer manage the shopping mall project, target to maximize profits - Large investment - Large requirement of customer\ - Lack of resilience

RETAIL, COMMERCE

453

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF RETAIL INDUSTRY

SHOPPING MALLS Shopping malls have been the ongoing trend for a long time now and who does not think that shopping malls are useful? Or even fancy? Shopping malls being the trend for the retail industy are seen to be one of the biggest contributers of environmental pollution. This is actually a fact in many cases due to several activities usually associated with shopping malls or shopping centers. - Dry Cleaning Pollution - Mall Pollution Retailers - Traffic and Parking Pollution - Plastic Waste Pollution - Greenhouse Gases Pollution

454

STASIS

Consumers in developed and developing nations only see the glamorous side of shopping malls. They have been designed to enhance the shopping expirence but in reality they are not just a place that act as material hubs and provide us with a shopping expirence. But also consume resources and moreover generate waste in the whole process of bringing the consumer and products together. They not just generate a lot of waste but impact the environment through emissions such as carbon dioxide, waste heat and other harmful gases. RETAIL, COMMERCE

455

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF RETAIL INDUSTRY

As observed above, the increase of different harmful gases and excessive waste generated by shopping malls, we also see the amount of people going to a mall which has a negative impact on our environment considering the traffic congestion and parking pollution. The other potential threats of retail industry is possibly the packaging and the delivery services required by the online retail.

456

STASIS

A comparison of greenhouse gas emissions from in-store and online shopping, with and without rush delivery, of a toy in an urban area. Emissions are in kilograms of CO2 equivalents.

Considering the above statistics of the amont of carbon footprint found in store and online shopping, it can be identified that the maximum carbon emissions for instore shopping comes through customer transport which addresses the traffic congestion and parking pollution caused due to majority of shopping malls. The other cause is the packaging and delivery of online shopping leading to a rise in carbon footprint affecting the environment. RETAIL, COMMERCE

457

THESE DIFFERENT SHOPPING COMPARISONS GIVE AN ESTIMATE OF THE CARBON FOOTPRINT GENRATED

IN-STORE vs ONLINE IN-STORE It has been observed that traditional shoppers have more than twice carbon footprint as compared to online only shoppers. The worst shopping pattern to be identified for the environment is where the merchandize are looked for in-stores and later purchased online with express delivery. ONLINE E-commerce on the other hand is comparatively eco friendly as everything is consolidated in a single truck, leading to a single trip. Instead of multiple vehicles going to one location, it is econmical and environmental friendly for a single vehical to go to multiple location

458

STASIS

SOURCE :MIT CENTER FOR TRANSPORTATION & LOGISTICS

RETAIL, COMMERCE

459

RESEA RETAIL INDUSTRY

460

STASIS

ARCH UNDER COVID-19

RETAIL, COMMERCE

461

RESEARCH1: IMPCTS ON ECONOMIC OF RETAIL INDUSTRY

GLOBAL RETAIL MARKET The

global retail market is expected to

decline at a compound annual growth rate of

-5.7%.The

decline is mainly due

to economic slowdown across countries

COVID-19 outbreak and the measures to contain it. The market is then expected to recover and grow at a CAGR of 7.2% from 2021 and 6.6% in 2022. owing to the

462

STASIS

RETAIL, COMMERCE

463

RESEARCH1: IMPCTS ON ECONOMIC OF RETAIL INDUSTRY the tendency of retail statistic in different country?

464

STASIS

RETAIL, COMMERCE

465

RESEARCH1: IMPCTS ON ECONOMIC OF RETAIL INDUSTRY the tendency of retail statistic in different country?

466

STASIS

RETAIL, COMMERCE

467

RESEARCH1: IMPCTS ON ECONOMIC OF RETAIL INDUSTRY

AUSTRALIA STATISTIC The consumer confidence reduced by 15% in April and the unemployment rate increased from 5% in M arch to 10% in Jun. And more than 160 ratail sites had been closed because of covid-19. This statistic comes from the forecast in April when the first period started, so the extent of impact will be more than this data.

468

STASIS

RETAIL, COMMERCE

469

RESEARCH2: IMPCTS ON OFFLINE RETAIL

Essential items include “Grocery & Food Retailers” and “Pharmacy”. Non-essential items include “Luxury Goods”, “Home Appliances”,, “Luggage & Travel Accessories”, and “Apparel” . Most non-essential retail activities have been hit hard by store closures and a sharp decline in discretionary consumer spending. ; essential retail businesses often operate in difficult conditions, including labour supply shortages, major disruptions in supply chains and working conditions, and sometimes large spikes in demand for specific items. For example, the sales of food, beverage, health and personal care stores have increased to some degree. For example, in the United States, while the sales of clothing retailers dropped a lot, the sales of grocery stores increased. In the EU, while the sales of non-food products dropped, the food, beverages and tobacco have increased.

470

STASIS

RETAIL, COMMERCE

471

RESEARCH2: IMPCTS ON OFFLINE RETAIL

This mapping shows the main retail shops in Melbourne before covid, including the shops on high street, the stalls, wholesale, and also the post office. It illustrates that most of the high street and shopping center or even commercial accommodation is around the city area.

472

STASIS

RETAIL, COMMERCE

473

RESEARCH2: IMPCTS ON OFFLINE RETAIL

During stage 1 to 4, there are more and more retailers are not able to operate their b like pubs, cinemas, clubs, hotels, indoor sports venues, restaurants, or even religious their stores. But in the fourth stage, only the essential errands can still open to meet t

474

STASIS

business. So in the first stage, the government published that some gathering places s gathering places cannot work as normal. In this stage, some shops might still open the basic living requirement of local people.

RETAIL, COMMERCE

475

RESEARCH2: IMPCTS ON OFFLINE RETAIL

This mapping shows where the retail shops remain open and it shows it gets quite less than before, only several points in the city area.

476

STASIS

RETAIL, COMMERCE

477

RESEARCH2: IMPCTS ON OFFLINE RETAIL

Looking at the Retail strips in Melbourne, it can be observed that there has been a vacancy surge in the suburban areas. In the year 2015-2016 there were a lot of empty or vacant shops along these streets considering the demand for shopping malls and retail strips looking at these suburban shopping malls as their new opportunities for increasing sale. There is an opportunity for shops located on local strips as during COVID 19 as many retailers have established stronger connections with their local customers which if handled correctly, will result in a permanent change, given the challenges facing other precincts such as the CBD or large shopping centres.

478

STASIS

RETAIL, COMMERCE

479

RESEARCH2: IMPCTS ON OFFLINE RETAIL

This mapping shows where these retail strips are located in relation to each other. This gives us a spatial idea of where they are located in relation to each other's proximity. The highest vacancy strip being Bridge road in 2020 to the lowest being Puckle street.

melbourne retail strip map from high to low vaca 480

STASIS

ancy RETAIL, COMMERCE

481

RESEARCH3: IMPCTS ON E-COMMERCE

482

STASIS

RETAIL, COMMERCE

483

RESEARCH3: IMPCTS ON E-COMMERCE

ONLINE SHOPPING 2020(COVID-19)-VICTORIA

eCommerce in Australia is growing rapidly, with online spend reaching 10% of total retail sales in 2018, taking its share to two percentage points higher than the previous year. Australians spent $27.5 billion buying goods online, an increase of 24.4% year on year (YOY)2. More than 73% of Australian households shopped online in 2018.

484

STASIS

Online shoppers increasingly expect faster service and some savvy retailers are now offering quicker fulfilment and shipment. This competitive edge potentially helps retailers stand out and convert more sales. Next-day deliveries has grown by 31.7%.

RETAIL, COMMERCE

485

RESEARCH3: IMPCTS ON E-COMMERCE

486

STASIS

RETAIL, COMMERCE

487

RESEARCH3: IMPCTS ON E-COMMERCE

488

STASIS

RETAIL, COMMERCE

489

RESEARCH3: IMPCTS ON E-COMMERCE

490

STASIS

RETAIL, COMMERCE

491

RESEARCH4: IMPACTS ON RESIDENTS LIVING AND RETAIL BEHAVIOR

The results show that people are walking more, and using cars less. This is because due to the impact of the epidemic, people have reduced the chance to travel far away, but more activities around the community.

492

STASIS

RETAIL, COMMERCE

493

RESEARCH4: IMPACTS ON RESIDENTS LIVING AND RETAIL BEHAVIOR

At the same time, people use more spaces in neighborhood street/sidewalk and local neighborhoods park. This shows that people are starting to focus more on individual community activities rather than cross-regional activities.

494

STASIS

RETAIL, COMMERCE

495

RESEARCH5: HOW DIFFERENT TYPE OF RETAILS REPONDS TO COVID-19

496

STASIS

RETAIL, COMMERCE

497

A. OPERATION OF LOCAL MARKETS

Considering the operation of local markets, there are some restrictions on their opening hours. They are not operating as usual. We observe the same trend for the local markets as for the retail stores and shopping malls. Compulsory masks, 1.5m distance and temperature check.

498

STASIS

RETAIL, COMMERCE

499

A. OPERATION OF LOCAL MARKETS

500

STASIS

For their online shopping, the introduction of Pre-order & Pickup service for a contactless way for locals to shop the Market without leaving their vehicles have been introduced. Their official websites are offering for online orders to be picked up. As for local retail, social media marketing has been a boom. They are making sure that their business is found online and are having special online offers to promote their products.

RETAIL, COMMERCE

501

A. OPERATION OF LOCAL MARKETS

Delivery platforms Uber introduced two new types of services, including Uber Direct and Uber Connect. Direct is a delivery platform for retail items, while Connect is a peer-to-peer package delivery service, for sending goods to family and friends. This marks Uber into courier services, after it already introduced grocery items to its Uber Eats platform as the coronavirus pandemic continues to suppress its ride-hailing business. Woolworths has moved again to ensure it can meet a surge in demand by partnering with Uber to deliver online shopping. Orders are placed through Woolworths via its website or app and are capped at 40 items. They will be delivered the following day.

502

STASIS

RETAIL, COMMERCE

503

B. OPERATION OF RETAIL SHOPS

The current operation of retail shops, apart from the current closure, distance and number restrictions were also adopted before stage4. According to the distance between people to maintain 1.5 meters * 1.5 meters, then a small store can only accommodate about 5-6 customers at the same time. A medium store can only allow 15 -16 people shopping at the same time. Only allow 20-21 people shopping in large stores

504

STASIS

RETAIL, COMMERCE

505

B. OPERATION OF RETAIL SHOPS

Therefore, low-touch, high-sense technologies have become the new trend for the retail industry. The pandemic also accelerates the adoption of retail technologies that aim to facilitate and reduce the interaction between people, products and infrastructure. Nendoâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s self-service system for Gacha Gacha Coffee dramatically reduces the amount of interaction required between both staff and customers.

506

STASIS

RETAIL, COMMERCE

507

C. OPERATION OF SUPERMARKET

Analysis of supermarket scanner data revealed monthly turnover on toilet paper, rice, pasta and flour doubled, while spending on canned food, medicinal products and cleaning products increased by more than 50 per cent. There was even a panic that caused people to stock up on toilet paper and disinfectants, such as hand sanitizerwhich forced the supermarkets to place quantity limits on certain items and implement special shopping hours for senior citizens.

508

STASIS

RETAIL, COMMERCE

509

D. OPERATION OF SHOPPING MALL

It can be observed that shopping malls have been one of the most affected business segments and a drastic consumer traffic drop is observed over the past few months. The most significant drop can be seen in April by over 79%.

510

STASIS

RETAIL, COMMERCE

511

D. OPERATION OF SHOPPING MALL

512

STASIS

RETAIL, COMMERCE

513

D. OPERATION OF SHOPPING MALL

514

STASIS

RETAIL, COMMERCE

515

D. OPERATION OF SHOPPING MALL

516

STASIS

RETAIL, COMMERCE

517

RESEARCH6: IMPACTS OF ONLINE SHOPPING ON PHYSICAL STORE AND DELIVERY SYSTEM

A few advantages could be convenience, comparison of prices, accessibility to more variety etc. No sales assistance as compared to the physical stores and bad brand image due to scammy websites and fake products. Environmental hazards that online shopping creates are increased carbon emissions from the delivery of orders and the packaging that impacts the environment.

518

STASIS

RETAIL, COMMERCE

519

RESEARCH6: IMPACTS OF ONLINE SHOPPING ON PHYSICAL STORE AND DELIVERY SYSTEM

SPATIAL CHANGES THAT CAN BE MADE THAT HAS IMPACTED THE PHYSICAL RETAIL

520

STASIS

RETAIL, COMMERCE

521

RESEARCH6: IMPACTS OF ONLINE SHOPPING ON PHYSICAL STORE AND DELIVERY SYSTEM

These changes are due to delays to delivery services caused by the ongoing impacts

a significant increase in parcels that require manual sorting social distancing measures in place at our facilities, which mean items cannot be pr a significant reduction in the availability of passenger flights â&#x20AC;&#x201C; which, in addition are

EXPRESS POST GURANTEE ARE TEMPORARILY SUSPENDED

522

STASIS

s of the coronavirus pandemic that includes:

rocessed as quickly as usual e dedicated overnight air freight networks that carry parcels.

RETAIL, COMMERCE

523

RESEARCH6: IMPACTS OF ONLINE SHOPPING ON PHYSICAL STORE AND DELIVERY SYSTEM

Due to theCOVID-19, most physical retail has to be converted to online. The most straightforward is the need for a large number of packages and parcel boxes, which have a bad impact on the environment.

524

STASIS

Therefore, what we need to do is to minimize the number of packages, and use recyclable materials as parcel boxes. In addition, Use bicycles or electric motorcycles instead of cars for takeout, which can greatly reduce car exhaust emissions.

RETAIL, COMMERCE

525

RESEARCH7: THE ROLES OF POST OFFICE UNDER COVID-19

Because of the development of online shopping, the delivery system is also required to provide more services than before. Except from traditionally identity services like mailing products and services, identity services and financial transaction and payments, which might be the au post provides more services for the local community especially elderly, they will also provide more parcel shipping and delivery services. Looking at these situation, this creates some potential changes in the services for post offices. That are, increase in delivery system and staff. Providing remote identity services i.e through online verification. Pop up stores could be one possible opportunity within every small radius as they donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t need to be permanent. Increased access to parcel lockers as they promote contactless delivery and convenience of 24/7 access.

SERVICES PROVIDED BY AUSTRALIAN POST

526

STASIS

POTENTIAL SERVICES FOR POST OFFICES IN STAGE 4

RETAIL, COMMERCE

527

RESEARCH7: THE ROLES OF POST OFFICE UNDER COVID-19

In short, Australia Post is developing as an organisation that supports consumer activity, while continuing to meet its obligations to deliver accessible and equitable services across Australia. On one hand, It is clear that Australia Post plays an important role in Australian communities today. Nearly 75% of Australians think that post offices are a trusted and valued part of their community. On the other hand, In Australia, addressed letter volumes have declined in recent years. The prevalence of online communications and transactions have transformed the consumer and business landscape in which Australia Post operates

SERVICES PROVIDED BY AUSTRALIAN POST

528

STASIS

RETAIL, COMMERCE

529

RESEARCH7: THE ROLES OF POST OFFICE UNDER COVID-19

Compared with physical stores and online retail, the sales process of online retail becomes direct delivery from the warehouse to the post office, and people go to the nearest post office to pick up the goods or the courier delivers them to the door directly.

530

STASIS

RETAIL, COMMERCE

531

RESEARCH7: THE ROLES OF POST OFFICE UNDER COVID-19

This plan shows the existing retail and post offices in the Melbourne city area. In areas where retailers are more concentrated, there will be more post offices. For example, there are four post offices near Swanston Street. Therefore, it is basically guaranteed that people living in the city area can reach the post office within five minutes.

532

STASIS

RETAIL, COMMERCE

533

RESEARCH7: THE ROLES OF POST OFFICE UNDER COVID-19

Amidst the significant increase in volume of e-commerce and parcel deliveries, there have also been questions raised about the performance of Australia Postâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s parcel delivery services. These include failing to deliver to the customerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s home, claims of lost or stolen parcels, and the slow speed most of the time. In fact, there are already many online shopping platforms in Melbourne, such as Amazon, eBay, and many other online shopping platforms for different types of retail. Many physical stores also provide online services, such as Sephora, David Jones, Myer, etc.

534

STASIS

RETAIL, COMMERCE

535

CONCLUSION

536

STASIS

OF RESEARCH

RETAIL, COMMERCE

537

CONCLUSION

Looking at the data and statistics current COVID-19 situation. The not only look at them in spatial a

1.Creative uses of retail spaces : of these spaces in a way that they

2.E-commerce boom : There has efficiency of this e-commerce reta

3.Different scales of retail : Diffe malls, market places, supermark retail stores) can operate with ma the retail activities but also increa

4.Environmental impacts of covid shopping. How to control the pro do we manage the transport of th

5.Economic impacts of covid-19 tering to how the consumer behaviour takes contro buying behaviour of consumers f and the responsiveness to the de 538

STASIS

s of the analysis, it is important to address issues that are faced by the retail industry in the ese are some of the important points we have tried to keep in context with our proposal and and urban context but also in economic and environmental context.

During covid-19 most of the retail spaces are not in use. Considering how we can make use y transform the urban fabric probably for temporary or permanent use.

s been a significant increase in online shopping since the pandemic began. Considering the ail industry to keep up with the needs and demands of the people .

erent scales of retail act differently upon the current situation. Here, the scales are; shopping kets and small retail stores. It is observed that the small scale retail (supermarkets and small aximum ease as compared to the big scale retail. Also, this will not only encourage localising ase the local economy.

d-19: There has been a huge increase in the waste production due to the increase of online oduction of this waste by using different packaging alternatives becomes important. Also how he items shopped online contribute to the carbon footprint of the environment. : The demand in the essential and non-essential goods can be seen in the analysis and ca-

ol over the economy. It becomes important to consider retail technology and also the panic for future economic impacts. The architecture and urban context here plays a major role too emand shifts (in-store to online). RETAIL, COMMERCE

539

EXAMPLES, EXEMPLA

540

STASIS

ARS OR PROTOTYPES

RETAIL, COMMERCE

541

EXAMPLE1: ONLINE SHOPPING AND DELIVERY SYSTEM IN CHINA

THE REVOLUTION OF ONLINE SHOPPING IN CHINA

542

STASIS

RETAIL, COMMERCE

543

EXAMPLE1: ONLINE SHOPPING AND DELIVERY SYSTEM IN CHINA

In the construction of a terminal distribution network, they cooperate with the delivery companies we mentioned before, which means they can get their packages from different companies in one place. It also helps reduce the contacting process between courier and customer. There are more than 40,000 Cainiao Courier stations in cities that constitute the terminal network of the Cainiao network, providing terminal comprehensive logistics life services. In the future, this will be the last kilometer logistics express network throughout the country.

544

STASIS

RETAIL, COMMERCE

545

EXAMPLE 2: LOCKER SYSTEM

Services such as Refrigerated locker system and portable locker system as an alternative for home delivery. This helps encourage safe shopping with low environmental impact and contactless services.

546

STASIS

RETAIL, COMMERCE

547

EXAMPLE 2: LOCKER SYSTEM

If retail can be combined with the locker system, the safety and efficiency of delivery can be better guaranteed. For example, The physical retail of multiple shops in the shopping mall cannot be put into use. But they have official websites so people can purchase their products online.In this situation, the products will be delivered from factory to customer directly. So, by setting a lockers system, local residents can get their deliveries within 24 hours. This means that the locker system reduces the time required for delivery by couriers, and at the same time reduces the operating pressure on post offices and express companies.

548

STASIS

RETAIL, COMMERCE

549

EXAMPLE 2: LOCKER SYSTEM

DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION IN MELBOURNE

550

STASIS

DISTRIBUTION OF RESIDENTIAL BUILDING

RETAIL, COMMERCE

551

EXAMPLE 3: TAKE-OUT DELIVERY

Take out delivery, which can provide delivery services in the local area within 5 or 8 km. In fact, there are already many takeaway platforms in Melbourne now. Such as uber eats, panda and easi. People only need to pre-order online, and staff will deliver to homes within a specified time.

552

STASIS

RETAIL, COMMERCE

553

EXAMPLE 3: TAKE-OUT DELIVERY

It is a good way to promote local business and possibly has the potential to be more widely used. For example, by cooperating with take-away platforms, retailers like local market, local retailers, restaurant and family business, can operate their business as usual.

554

STASIS

RETAIL, COMMERCE

555

EXAMPLE 4: LOCAL RETAIL AS PARCEL RECEIVING POINT

For example, 7-11 retail shops provide lockers in the shop and deliver their product to customers. and also provide parcel mate services by cooperating with toll delivery. They set lockers in the nearby 7-11 retail shops so that the package delivered to the express spot of 7-11.

556

STASIS

Under this kind of model, These retailers can provide reception delivery services for local people which can attract more customers and help them with another operating method. The post office is a public service, sort of like a government session. The post box is more important than the post office. Some of these local retailers could be an informal delivery spot and it will help the part of physical retail works in another mode rather than just shut down in this period.

RETAIL, COMMERCE

557

EXAMPLE 4: LOCAL RETAIL AS PARCEL RECEIVING POINT

These retailers can provide reception delivery services for local people which can attract more customers and help them with another operating method.

558

STASIS

RETAIL, COMMERCE

559

EXAMPLE 5: HIGH STREET AS MIXED-USE NEIGHBORHOOD

Just as the pandemic has forced everything except food shops and pharmacies along the high street to close, the concomitant working from home revolution could become the catalyst for a revitalisation of the local high street. Across the capital, 38 percent of Londonâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s population lives within a three-minute walk of a high street. Many more live within a comfortable five- or ten-minute walk or a short cycle ride. The empty properties on high streets could become a new breed of community co-working spaces and other support functions to provide a much-needed change of scene from working in our homes.

560

STASIS

RETAIL, COMMERCE

561

EXAMPLE 5: HIGH STREET AS MIXED-USE NEIGHBORHOOD

Based on an initial survey of our own colleagues, it is apparent many would opt for more flexible working conditions, allowing them to work from home, or indeed co-working spaces closer to their homes. Until the architecture of homes catches-up with our newfound flexible working situations, a diffuse network of small-scale co-working spaces could become the new high street flagship store, allowing residents to work and play locally. This would go some way towards transforming sleepy residential enclaves and dusty high streets into vibrant mixed-use neighbourhoods.

562

STASIS

RETAIL, COMMERCE

563

EXAMPLE 6: EXPAND RETAIL ON STREET SPACES

In the book of â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;street for pandemic response and recoveryâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;, it areadly comes up with some idea about make use of street for pandemic, such as Provide space for people to comply with physical distancing guidelines while waiting to buy products, Provide space for outdoor dining, and Expand market footprints into adjacent streets.These methods are not only relieve crowding and support physical distacing, and at the same time resuming dine-in operations.

564

STASIS

RETAIL, COMMERCE

565

ISSUES & DESIG

566

STASIS

GN STRATEGY

RETAIL, COMMERCE

567

ISSUES & DESIGN STRATEGY

ISSUES THE SHOPPING MALL LACK RESILIENCE TO TRANSFORM THEIR SERVICES UNDER COVID-19

HIGH VACANCY RATE IN EXISTING HIGH ST AND SHOPPING MALLS

OFFLINE RETAIL

LIMITATION IN MOBILITY: 5KM RESITRICTION AND SOCIAL DISTANCE

E- COMMERCE BOOM UNDER COVID-19

ONLINE RETAIL

ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION

IMCOMPLETE DELIVERY INFRASTRUCTURE

568

STASIS

PROPOSALS Encourage traditional local retail & Decentralize retail precinct

Reuse the vacancy space & Transform into other usage

Encourage pedestrian priority city while everything will be available in the suburben area. Expand retail space to open-air space, like street.

Encourage offline retailers transforming their business online & Combine online with offline retail

Reduce carbon dioxide emission & Reduce car transportation & Encourage self delivery

More delivery & collection express spots

RETAIL, COMMERCE

569

PROPOS

570

STASIS

SITIONS

RETAIL, COMMERCE

571

PROPOS

WHAT IF WE EXPAND THE LOCAL F

572

STASIS

SITION 1

FACILITIES FOR PARCEL DELIVERY?

RETAIL, COMMERCE

573

574

STASIS

RETAIL, COMMERCE

575

PROPOS

WHAT IF WE UTILIZE UNUSED SPACE TO P

576

STASIS

SITION 2

PROVIDE TEMPORARY RETAIL ACTIVITIES?

RETAIL, COMMERCE

577

578

STASIS

RETAIL, COMMERCE

579

580

STASIS

RETAIL, COMMERCE

581

PROPOS

WHAT IF WE DECENTRALIZE THE SHOPPING ACTIVIT

582

STASIS

SITION 3

TIES AND DISTRIBUTE INTO THE SUBURBAN AREA ï¼&#x;

RETAIL, COMMERCE

583

While the shopping mall is a large investment retail type, and the resilience of the shopping mall is low, the best way for a shopping mall is to attempt to promote their online services and scale down the size of the shopping mall. Decentralized shopping malls consisted of small retail precincts and distributed in the local suburbs, which enabled the same products to be accessible during COVID-19 in the suburbs. It also encourages more walking or cycling to reduce Co2 emission.

584

STASIS

RETAIL, COMMERCE

585

PROPOS

WHAT IF WE LOCATE THE WAREHOUSES IN A SMA

586

STASIS

SITION 4

ALLER RADIUS TO INCREASE DELIVERY EFFICIENCY?

RETAIL, COMMERCE

587

The warehouses now located in the rural areas in the city. The distance between warehouses and local residents is increased, which encourages more driving and leading to more emissions of carbon dioxide. To reduce the distance between the delivery starting point and terminal point, the warehouse can be scaled down and distributed in the local area. Another option is to transform existing shopping malls into temporary local warehouses during COVID-19 situations to increase delivery efficiency and reduce the amount of emission.

588

STASIS

2KM 2KM 2KM

RETAIL, COMMERCE

589

PROPOS

WHAT IF WE DEVELOP SELF-DELIVE

590

STASIS

SITION 5

ERY SYSTEM BY SUSTAINABLE WAY?

RETAIL, COMMERCE

591

? 592

STASIS

The commercial centers, which located in spacious suburbias or along the fringes of urban centers, encouraged droves people to get in their cars and spend a Saturday shopping. In a future scenario, low-price retailers reposite themselves as digital dispensaries, these retailers sell off the majority of their landholdings to property developers, who take full advantage of the underutilized land by constructing high-density, mixed-use developments. The retailers retain a small fraction of their original parking lots, where they continue to serve price-sensitive customers in a more expedited way: using robots to bundle orders, fetch items from shipping containers or trucks, and deliver them. You — or, perhaps, your self-driving vehicle — collect the order (purchased online) and drive home. The no-frills, drive-thru experience is complete. Urban Impact: Negative. While it’s great for underutilized urban land to be developed for higher and better use, the streets and sidewalks around the Truck-Mart would become the domain of machines. If empty self-driving cars are sent out to run errands on a person’s behalf, city streets could quickly become overwhelmed — increasing congestion and exacerbating sprawl. The humanity of the exchange, and the magic of urban street life in these areas, would be lost.

RETAIL, COMMERCE

593

Combining the car park with a digital shopping screen so that all the products information will be put on the digital board, there will also be a storage on the end of the car park. When they finish their order, there will be stuff to deliver their products to their cars, or even the drones or robotics.

Combining driving circulation with the shopping process. For example, people can select different types of goods on the road, and then check out at the exit just like stopping the check out process. The difference between the second one and the first one is that the display products are all shown on the goods shelves.

594

STASIS

car park

warehouse

RETAIL, COMMERCE

595

DESIGN INT

596

STASIS

TERVENTION

RETAIL, COMMERCE

597

PROPOSITION1 What if we expand the local facilities for parcel delivery?

PROPOSITION2 What if we utilize unused space to provide temporary activities?

PROPOSITION3 What if we decentralize the shopping activities and distribu the suburban area ï¼&#x;

PROPOSITION4 What if we locate the warehouses in a smaller radius to in delivery efficiency?

PROPOSITION5 What if we develop self-delivery system by sustainable way

598

STASIS

y retail Online retail system

ute into Offline retail system

ncrease

RETAIL, COMMERCE

599

SITE RES

600

STASIS

RETAIL, COMMERCE

601

PRESTON

Preston

https://blog.retail.org.au/newsandinsights/the-australian-cities-and-states-where-online-shopping-is-growing-faster-than-the-po 602

STASIS

Preston is a suburb of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 9 km north from the Melbourne central business district. Its local government area is the City of Darebin.

opulation RETAIL, COMMERCE

603

PRESTON

https://quickstats.censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/2016/quickstat/SSC22109?opendocument

604

STASIS

Average age

32851 （2016）

Families 8013

49%

RETAIL, COMMERCE

51%

605

RETAIL IN PRESTON

606

STASIS

There is a lack of retail variety and non-retail activity such as professional services, community functions and office space at some centres, and this is particularly the case for the stand alone centres like Northland and Summerhill/Target Centre. Many of the smaller centres and the fringes of the larger centres are fragmented by non-retail and vacant premises, discouraging shoppers from walking between the shops and reducing the vitality of the street environment. The High Street centres suffer from a traffic-dominated public realm associated with significant through-traffic, and this does not contribute positively to a friendly environment for pedestrians, outdoor diners, informal socialising and cyclists. It also adversely affects the reliability of tram and bus services. There is a need for a better balance of provision between all street users. There is a shortage of car parking in a small number of centres (although most are well provided for), which is exacerbated by the use of the most central spaces by staff of the shops and businesses. There is a lack of activity in most of the centres after the shops close due to a lack of non-retail floorspace, resulting in a loss of casual surveillance and consequent feeling of insecurity by those going to evening activities or home from work, particularly after dark.

27 Preston Central Good prospects of developing as an urban village; encourage more intense retail and other activities; Preston Market is a key asset which brings people from a regional catchment; opportunity for redevelopment of Council properties; opportunity to encourage investment with designation as a Principal Activity Centre for the purposes of Melbourne 2030 67 Preston North Mix of activities, including some retail (particularly furniture outlets), also includes furniture manufacture and other service industry uses 68 Regent Mix of uses, including retail and wholesale, building supplies, and other service industry and non-retail activities (swim centre, etc) 80 Northland Shopping Centre Identified as a Principal Centre; main regional location for specialty retail, department store, and food shopping; approval for extension granted, with additional DDS; important cinema and entertainment role; issue regarding transport access

RETAIL, COMMERCE

607

OBSERVATIONS OF PRESTON

Preston-High St

Preston-Post Office 608

STASIS

Preston-Retail Precint

Preston-Green Spaces RETAIL, COMMERCE

609

OBSERVATIONS OF PRESTON

Preston-Amenity

Preston-Carparks 610

STASIS

RETAIL, COMMERCE

611

OBSERVATIONS OF PRESTON-TRAIN STATION

612

STASIS

RETAIL, COMMERCE

613

OBSERVATIONS OF PRESTON-BUS STOP

614

STASIS

RETAIL, COMMERCE

615

OBSERVATIONS OF PRESTON-NORTHLAND SHOPPING MALL

616

STASIS

RETAIL, COMMERCE

617

DESI

618

STASIS

IGN

RETAIL, COMMERCE

619

New Collection System

620

STASIS

Redesign Sh

hopping Mall

Upgrade High St

RETAIL, COMMERCE

621

Online Delivery System

PRESTON-NEW COLLECTION SYSTEM

Preston-AUpost

Preston-Post Boxes

622

STASIS

First layer system: AUPOST distribution (post office) • Seperate function and expand area for storage delivery of exisiting AU post

Second layer system: link pick-up facilities with daily activities • combine with green spaces • combine with parking spaces • combine with street

RETAIL, COMMERCE

623

Online Delivery System

PRESTON-NEW COLLECTION SYSTEM-3 TYPOLOGIES

REDESIGN AUPOST (post office)

The main variation in this option is to change the scale of existing post offices to provide a large space for storage deliveries. For the post office, there might be a specific area for delivery and another area for other services, like identity.

624

STASIS

COMBINE COLLE W I T H R E TA I L STATIONS

The main idea is exag using the whole city as means we will combin with the daily events so deliveries while they else.

ECTION FACILITY STREET AND

COMBINE COLLECTION FACILITY WITH GREEN SPACES

ggerating the idea of a pick up point, which ne the pick-up activity o that they can get their are doing something

The main idea is exaggerating the idea of using the whole city as a pick up point, which means we will combine the pick-up activity with the daily events so that they can get their deliveries while they are doing something else.

RETAIL, COMMERCE

625

Online Delivery System

PRESTON-LOCKER TYPOLOGY-AUPOST

This is a locker typology applied to the retail shops, bus stop and station. The light pink area is the waiting area, and the grid on the ground controls the 1.5-meter distance. Dark pink is a small privacy space for express delivery. The yellow area is the loading area, which faces the street. This makes it easy to load parcels.

626

STASIS

RETAIL, COMMERCE

627

New po

628

STASIS

Online Delivery System

ost office

RETAIL, COMMERCE

629

Online Delivery System

PRESTON-LOCKER TYPOLOGY-STATION & BUS STOP & RETAIL STREET

Retail

Bus stop

Station

630

STASIS

Loading Area

Pickup Area

Waiting Line

Loading Area

Pickup Area

Seats

Lockers

RETAIL, COMMERCE

Waiting Line

631

Online Delivery System

PRESTON-LOCKER TYPOLOGY-STATION & BUS STOP & RETAIL STREET

Locker nea

632

STASIS

ar bus stop

RETAIL, COMMERCE

633

Online Delivery System

PRESTON-LOCKER TYPOLOGY-GREEN SPACE

Green Spaces The other typology is the lockers on green space. The green space is surrounded by residential buildings. And the surrounding is very empty, so it may not need to be as private as the locker on the street. The lockers are located in a new pavilion, which helps to guid flow of people and Guaranteed privacy to some degree.

634

STASIS

RETAIL, COMMERCE

635

Online Delivery System

PRESTON-LOCKER TYPOLOGY-GREEN SPACE

Locker

636

STASIS

near park

RETAIL, COMMERCE

637

Online Delivery System

PRESTON-NEW COLLECTION SYSTEM

638

STASIS

RETAIL, COMMERCE

639

Online Delivery System

PRESTON-REDESIGN SHOPPING MALL

Retail Pricenct in Preston

640

STASIS

Shopping Malls Converting existing stores into warehouses, temporary retail stores, co-working spaces. â&#x20AC;˘ Warehouses: The shops that have access from outside and have service zone access - loading â&#x20AC;˘ Temporary retail: Existing stores and mall parking spaces

RETAIL, COMMERCE

641

Online Delivery System

642

CONVERT EXISTING STORES INTO CO-WORKING SPACES

CONVERTIN CARPARKS INTO P

There would be some independent working pavilion in the stores, so that people can still go outside to work but still within 5 km or close to their home. It could also be the model for a new temporary retail business type.

Convert existing car pa space. Here is just on the Northland shoppin on the pop up pavilion design, There also be s each store to avoid cro

STASIS

G EXISTING POP UP SPACES

CONVERTING EXISTING STORES INTO WAREHOUSE

arks into pop up market ne example in front of ng mall. All the grids are all based on 1.5m some space in front of owded shopping.

For the click and collect services, right now these shops work like a warehouse, so converting existing stores into warehouses and designing a group of facilities in front these stores so that the whole packing and picking up services.

RETAIL, COMMERCE

643

Online Delivery System

PRESTON-CONVERT EXISTING STORES INTO CO-WORKING SPACES

Vacancy stores in Northland shopping centre

644

STASIS

Convert the exi

isting stores into co-working space

Independent working pavillion

RETAIL, COMMERCE

645

Online Delivery System

PRESTON-CONVERTING EXISTING CARPARKS INTO POP UP SPACES

Using the existing car park to provide temporary outdoor market

646

STASIS

Converting existing carparks into pop up spaces

RETAIL, COMMERCE

647

Online Delivery System

PRESTON-CONVERTING EXISTING STORES INTO WAREHOUSE

Stores providing click & collect services in Northland shopping centre

648

STASIS

Convert front space of shops in

Delivery by motorcycle

Self delivery - Pick up by customers

nto 3 Types of collection transportation

Delivery by trucks

RETAIL, COMMERCE

649

Online Delivery System

PRESTON-REDESIGN SHOPPING MALL

59026 m2 VACANCY ROOM

25992 M2 VACANCY CAR PARKING SPACE

650

9620 m2

16%

TEMPORARY ROOM

SPACES ARE REUSED

5990 M2

23%

VACANCY CAR PARKING SPACE

SPACES ARE REUSED

STASIS

RETAIL, COMMERCE

651

High street system

PRESTON-UPGRADE HIGH STREET

652

STASIS

Retail strip Expand the original space by using the unused shops and encourage the pedestrian system in the suburb. Expand the parking space along with high st into landscape or walkable path for more socializing activities. • Select several types of stores and analyze the signages of each type (Cafe / Restaurant/ cloth shop/ 7-11 shops) • Depending upon the vacancy rate of that specific street, we can look at how much each type of retail expands • Pedestrianizing the retail strip: How does that work?

RETAIL, COMMERCE

653

High street system

PRESTON-UPGRADE HIGH STREET-2 TYPOLOGIES

USING EXISTING UNUSED SHOPS

Using the existing vacant shops could help resolve the distancing measures in case of expansion of a few essential retail stores. Also using them for adding public social spaces and converting the function of these stores could potentially upgrade the retail strip for more activation and increasing its social fabric.

654

STASIS

PEDESTRIANIZING THE RETAIL STRIP Pedestrianizing the retail strip on the other hand can potentially help promote opportunities for the local retail and add to the social fabric of the retail strip due to its increased vacancy rate.

RETAIL, COMMERCE

655

High street system

PRESTON-USING EXISTING UNUSED SHOPS

Food Retail Essential Retail Other Retail Vacant Retail Stores

Existing

656

STASIS

g Retail plan

RETAIL, COMMERCE

657

High street system

PRESTON-USING EXISTING UNUSED SHOPS

Expand existing retail stores Convert function of vacancy stores Transform into social public space

Proposed Retail plan b

658

STASIS

based on the vacant stores

RETAIL, COMMERCE

659

High street system

PRESTON-UPGRADE RETAIL STRIP- HIGH ST

Existing high st

660

STASIS

pedestrian priority high st

RETAIL, COMMERCE

661

High street system

PRESTON-UPGRADE RETAIL STRIP- HIGH ST

Extended outdoor dining

Waiting queu

Proposed Reta

662

STASIS

ue (click and collect)

Expanding urban infrastructure

ail Strip (High st)

RETAIL, COMMERCE

663

High street system

PRESTON-UPGRADE RETAIL STRIP- HIGH ST

15% VACANCT STORES

48% IN USE STORES

14000 m2

10%

VACANT STORE AREA

SPACES ARE REUSED

6000 m2

6000m2

ON STREET CAR PARKING SPACE

664

INCREASED PEDESTRIAN SPACE

STASIS

RETAIL, COMMERCE

665

Online Retail

POST OFFICE

GREEN SPACE

DAILY FACILITIES - BUS STOP -STATION -RETAIL SHOPS

666

STASIS

Offline Retail

SHOPPING MALL

HIGH ST

RETAIL, COMMERCE

667

CONCLUSION

The new system adopted for onli also efficient in a global pandem can be accessible in an efficient offline retail. This system adopts i accessible. The impact of adaptin and parcel lockers built in close p motor emissions produced by del

Considering the offline retail syste effortless way to shop, it lacks res the shopping mall to allow it to b conversion of existing stores to c spaces. This system can increase This will not only make the opera physical distancing measures nec

The second system adopted for of vacant stores and expanding the in the suburbs.This system includ activation of the retail strip and in potentially lead to usage of at le upto the on street car park. Thro with each other that would help d These propositions could potentia 668

STASIS

ine and offline retail will not only enable us to make the overall retail experience better but mic like Covid-19. The online system looks at the city as a collection point for parcels, which way to make the best out of online retail considering the shut down of certain nonessential implementation of parcel lockers as collection points at public and social spaces making them ng to this system will lead to efficient online shopping with expansion of Australia Post Offices proximity to each other which can potentially decrease the carbon footprint by 68% of the total livery of parcels.

em, this system includes shopping malls and high streets. Shopping malls are seen as the most silience than other models. The new system includes development of some temporary use for be operated under Covid-19, but also can return to normal after covid. The system includes coworking spaces and warehouses and conversion of car parks to temporary pop up retail e operation of offline retail and make use of at least 20% of the total shopping mall spaces. ation of shopping malls ongoing but also make use of the spaces considering the social and cessary under the current pandemic.

ffline retail are the retail strips.This system is for catering to the retail strips and using the existing e pedestrian way to address physical distancing measures and encourage pedestrianization des expanding the essential retail stores and using the vacant stores for social activities for ncreasing its social fabric whilst considering physical distancing. The impact of this system can east 10% of the vacant stores and efficient pedestrian flow by expanding the pedestrian way ough the propositions for online and offline retail, we expect these systems to work efficiently decrease the environmental impacts and allow effective alternatives for the ongoing pandemic. ally help create a better retail environment even for the future. RETAIL, COMMERCE

669

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670

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ome/insights/2020/04/coronavirus-covid-19-retail-survival-and-revival.html>.

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wed 23 July 2020, <https://www.intotheminds.com/blog/en/covid-impacts-non-food-retail/>.

/www.oecd.org/coronavirus/policy-responses/covid-19-and-the-retail-sector-impact-and-policy-responses-

01 August 2020, <https://www.frameweb.com/news/technology-retail-design-covid-19>.

dhq.com/blog/the-history-of-retail-a-timeline/>.

of fortunes for businesses, Smart Company, viewed 19 August 2020, <https://www.smartcompany.com.au/

graphy, 9(2), pp.147-167.

ustainability, 11(15), p.3999.

RETAIL, COMMERCE

671

672

STASIS

HEALTH AND WELLBEING

JEROME PEREDO / NOUR EL-LEISSY

HEALTH, WELLBEING

673

674

STASIS

Contents Intro: Our Brief History to Health and Wellbeing Chapter I: Treatment vs Prevention Asking the age-old question of which is better and if it is a fair question to even ask Chapter II: Future of Healthcare Looking at the current projection of healthcare for ways that it could shape the future Chapter III: Decentralisation Discussing the centralised nature of the healthcare system Chapter IV: Socio-Economic Determinants Attempting to unpack the complex forces that impact health status Chapter V: Mid-Semester Summary A recap of the research body of work that was used to provide some guidance for direction Chapter VI: Developing Design Interventions The start of a conversation to integrated our research into design propositions Chapter VII: Final Design Interventions The final presentation of a set of design interventions HEALTH, WELLBEING

675

Image source: 676https://www.bbc.com/news/in-pictures-52564371

STASIS

HEALTH, WELLBEING

Image source: https://www.bbc.com/news/in-pictures-52564371 677

(Health is “the state of being free from illness and injury” (Oxford Dictionary) as it is blanketly defined. It is also a pillar of society that has advanced civilizations exponentially and is arguable ‘the pillar’ of most significance. It is also one of the core aspects of what we constitute for a ‘good life’. Health is not just for me, it’s not just for you, it’s for us.) This is what a health-oriented person might think.

What do we actually think about Health? “63% of Australians aged 18 and over are overweight or obese” , “Around 45% of Australians aged 16-85 will experience a mental illness in their life” but “More then 4 in 5 Australians aged 15 and over rated their health as ‘excellent’, ‘very good’ or ‘good’ in 2014-15” That’s what the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare emphasised in ‘Australia’s health 2018:in 678

STASIS

briefâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;. We think this highlights the general problem towards health. The factors that informs and creates a individuals is extremely diverse, the scales are multiple, the determinants are vast, the health of a state however is endless. The issues are complex and the decisions that aim to improve this are abundant, no one is to blame for you not having perfect health. This is why we need to always work on improving it both together and for ourselves. The opportunity for Architecture and Urban Design to have an impact is immense; it constantly has to deal with articulating complex issues and improving the built environment and the people within. The need for health to improve will always be present but then again so will the built environment. HEALTH, WELLBEING

679

1400

1500

1600

1700

1800

1900

2000

ESTABLISHMENT OF INSTITUTIONS WITHIN CITIES •

ESTABLISHMENT OF ISOLATION HOSPITALS WITHIN CITIES (US)

HOSPITALS FOR THE SICK WAS BECOMING MORE AND MORE A PUBLIC UNDERTAKING

HOSPITALS TRANSFORMED INTO EXPENSIVE, MODERN HOSPITALS OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

UNIVERSITIES BECAME EDUCATION CENTERS OF MEDICAL PRACTITIONERS

CHARITABLE GUESTHOUSE

Growth of Hospitals (>1000 beds) Centers for clinical teaching

HOSPITALS HAD DEVELOPED INTO MEDICALISED RATHER THAN RELIGIOUS SPACES

SICK CARE SYSTEM

• •

•

(

•

1800 1810 1820 1830 1840 1850 1860

ILLNESS

Smallpox Pandemic

Diphtheria

Whooping Cough

MEDICINE

Port Phillip Medical Ass R British Colonial Government Healthcare

SERVICES

Phrenology

Charles LaTrobe Meeting

Melbourne Immigrants Benevolent Asylum Yarra Blend Asylum Willam Street Hospital University of Royal Women’s Royal Melbourne Hospi M

INFRASTRUCTURE POLITICS

Hea O’Shana

Haines

Nicho

ECONOMY

Farming

Banking

Manu

W Gold Rush Sto Construc

Gold Rush Migra British Immigrants British Colonisation Ch German Immigrants Batman’s Treaty

CULTURAL

Melbourne Snowstorm

ENVIRONMENTAL 680

Depression

STASIS

Victorian Timeline of Health: Colonisations and other factors

0 1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 Spanish Flu Scarlet Fever Typhoid Fever

Polio Epidemic

Measles Epidemic

Smallpox Pandemic

Russian Flu

Smallpox Pandemic

Smallpox Vaccine

Diphtheria Toxoid Vaccine Pe Tetanus Toxoid Vaccine

Diphtheria Antitoxin

sociation

RWH Nurse Training edical Registration Act RMH Medical Training

Victorian Branch of the British Medical Association Department of Skin Diseases Alfred Hospital Medical Student Training

Orthodox Doctors

Anti-Cancer C

Charities Board C Melbourne District Nursing Society The Childrens Hospital Nurse Training School 1st Good Friday Appe De Hospital Sunday Private Hospitals Act Victorian Association of Progressive Spiritualists Victorian Branch of the British Medical Associatio

RWH Specialist Teaching Hospital RMH Anesthetist e Lying-In Hospital Melbourne Homoeopathic Hospital Home Williamson Hospital H m Melbourne Hospital for Sick Children Bethesda Hospital Baker Medical Research I Victoria Eye and Ear Hospital Radium Laboratory Melbourne Board of Works Kew Asylum Austin Hospital Fairfield Infectious Diseases Hospital Mercy Private H f Melbourne Que St Vincent Hospital s Hospital Alfred Hospital Melbourne Sewage System ital Kew Cottages Royal Park Asylum McCulloch Reid Berry McLean Cook MacPherson Turner Murray Lawson Hogan Dunstan Curt Service Munro Peacock Watt McPherson Cain ales Sladen Duffy Irvine Elmslie Menzies F Oâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;Loghlen Shields Prendergast Francis Gillies Patterson Bent Bowser Allan Argyle Page M assy olson Kerferd Barton Fisher Hughes Bruce Scullin Fadde Deakin Lyons C

ufacturing

Wool ock Exchange ction

Shearerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Strike

Investment

Great Maritime

Banking Crisis

World War I Goods export

Great Depression

Minimum Wage

Australian Pound

Ita

ation

hinese Immigrants

Bre

World Wa

Chinese Immigrantion Ban

Red Tuesday

m Port Melbourne Flood

Melbourne Snow Yarra River Flood Elizabeth Street Flood

Jewish Immigrants Gippsland Fires Gippsland Fires Sout 45.6 C Day Otway Ranges Fires Wa Melbourne Heatwave Yarra River Torrent We

Black Fri

Brighton Tornado HEALTH, WELLBEING

681

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2

Swine Flu Hong Kong Flu

Polio Epidemic Asian Flu

HIV/AIDS Pandemics

COVID-19 P

Methamphetamine Addicti

Smallpox Vaccine Pneumococcal Pneumonia Vaccine Rubella Vaccine Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine Herpes Zoster va Salk Vaccine Mumps Vaccine Chickpox Vaccine Measles Vaccine Pneumococcal Disease Vaccine Hib–MenC Vaccine enicillin Oral Polio Vaccine Diphtheria–Tetanus Vaccine Futu Mumps/Measles Vaccine HPV Vaccine Chemotherapy Diphtheria–Tetanus–Pertussis Vaccine Hepatitis B Vaccine Meningococcal C Vaccine Bionic Ear Influenza Vaccine Y2K Ramifications RMH Plastic and Facio-maxillary Unit Australasian Society for Emergency Medicine No Jab No Pay Council of Victoria Medibank Future? Victoria Infectious Diseases Service Commonwealth Hospital Benefits Act RMH Intensive Care Unit Victoria Health Services Restructure Futur eal Royal Women’s Hospital Independen Spinal Injuries Unit Austin Hospital epartment of Neurology and Neurosurgery Murdoch Institute Stroke Unit Clot Retrieval Victorian Mental Health Week Metropolitan Hospitals Planning Board Future? on/ MSV Cancer Institute St Vincent’s & Mercy Private Hospital Fut Monash University Heidelberg Repatriation Hospital John Cade Building Joan Kirner W Western Health Institute Essendon and District Memorial Hospital Prince Henry's Medical Research Centre Monash Medical Centre Peter Mac Hospita Hospital Sunshine Hospital een Victoria Memorial Hospital South East Purification Plant Royal Melbourne Dental Hospit

tin

Western General Hospital Hollway McDonald

n Sr. Forde MacFarlan en Chifley

Bolt

Holt

Whitlam

McMahon

Hamer Gorton McEwen

Fraser

etton Woods System

ar II

Cain Jr. Thompson Keating

Kirner

Hawke

Coal Oil Crisis Privatization Recession Recession Accord Great Recession Recession Recession Work Choices Australian Stock Exchange Limited Mining

alians Immigrants

Poland Immigrants Estonian Immigrants

atvians Immigrants

Bracks

Kennett Howard

Rudd Abbott Future? Brumby Napthine Andrews Fut Baillieu Turnbull Futu Gillard Morrison Fut

Vietnamese Immigrants East Timorese Chilean Immigrants

Afghan Immigrants Bosnians Immigrants Albanian Immigrants

Fut Croats Immigrants Serb Immigrants Future? Argentinian Immigrants Uruguayan Immigrants Indonesian Immigrants Futur Future? s Iraqi Immigrants Future? Lebanese Immigrants Gippsland Fires Melbourne Dust Storm Longford Plant Fire Aberfeldy-Donnellys C th Gippsland Fires Freak Storm Black Saturday Ash Wednesday y Hume Highway Fire Mount Buffalo Fire Eastern Storm Dandenong Ranges Fires Campbelfield angaratta Fire Western Districts Fires Alpine National Park Fire Victorian M

Greek Immigrants Lithuanians Immigrants

t Melbourne Snow Elizabeth Street Flood Victorian Heatwave estern Districts Fires Lara Fires Can River Fires Elwood Floods Longwood Fire Central Victoria Fires Dandenong Ranges Fires Mt Macedon Fire iday 682

STASIS

46.4 C Day Eastern Hailstorm Morwell Mine Fire Great Divide Fires

Futur

2030 2040 2050 2060 2070 2080 2090

Pandemic

Future?

Future? Future?

Does the history of health in Victoria hold the answers

ion Epidemic

Future?

Future? Future? Future? Future? Future? Future? Future? Future? Future? Future? Future? accineFuture? Future? Future? Future? Future? Future? Future? Future? Future? e Future? Future? Future? Future? Future? Future? Future? Future? Future? Future? Future? Future? Future? Future? ure? Future? Future? Future? Future? Future? Future? Future? Future?

Future? Future? Future? Future? Future? Future? Future? Future? Future? Future? Future? Future? Future? Future? Future? Future? Future? Future? Future? Future? Future? Future? Future? Future? Future? Future? Future? Future? Future? re? Future? Future? Future? Future? Future? Future? Future? nt Board Future? Future? Future? Future? Future? Future? Future? Future? Future? Future? Future? Future? Future? Future? ? Future? Future? Future? Future? Future? Future? ture? Future? Future? Future? Future? Future? Future? Future? Future? Womens and ChilFuture? Future? Future? Future? Future? Future? Future? al Future? Future? Future? Future? Future? Future? tal Future? Future? Future? Future? Future? Future? Future? Future? Future? Future? Future? Future? Future? Future? Future? Future? Future? Future? Future? Future? Future? Future? Future? Future? Future? Future? ture? Future? Future? Future? Future? Future? Future? Future? Future? Future? Future? ure? Future? Future? Future? Future? ture? Future? Future?

to the future. How much of it is transferable, how much is useful?

Future?

ture?

re? ? Creek Fires

Future?

Future? Future?

Future? Future? Future?

Future?

Future? Future?

Future? Future? Future?

Future? Future? Mega Blaze Factory Fire

Future?

Future? Future? Future?

Future? Future? Future?Future? Future? Future? re? Future? Future? Future?

Future? Future?

Future? Future? Future?

Future? Future?

Future?

Future? Future? Future? Future? Future? Future? Future? Future? Future? Future?

HEALTH, WELLBEING

Future?

Future? Future? Future?

Future?

Future? Future? Future?

Future? Future? Future? Future?

683

DICTIONARY OF HEALTHCARE

Ambulance Services

Beveridge Model

Bismarck Model

Blood Banks

Day Clinics

Responds to people who are seriously ill or severely injured, and to non-emergency patient transport

System in which the government provides health care for all its citizens through income tax payments

Insurance system which is usually financed jointly by employers and employees through payroll deduction

Refers to the process of collecting, separating, and storing blood

An outpatient facility which patients attend for assessment, treatment or rehabilitation during the day

Out of Pocket Model

Polyclinics

Primary Care

Private Hospitals

Public Hospitals

Pay at the time of treatment, this system is more prevalent in thirdworld countries

Provides general and specialist examinations and treatment to outpatients and is usually independent of a hospital

Includes essential care, usually by doctors, nurse practitioners, or physician assistants

Owned and operated by an organisation other than the state and provides care funded other than by the state

Government owned and is fully funded by government and operates solely off the money that is collected from

Image Source: https://thenounproject.com/ 684

STASIS

Dental Services

Electronic Health Records

Hospitalisation

Medicare

National Health Model

An electronic version of a patients medical history, that is maintained by the provider over time

Process of checking a patient into a hospital, or to receive professional treatment for illness or injury

Australia universal health insurance scheme. It guarantees no or low cost access to a wide range of health services

Healthcare payment comes from a government run insurance program that every citizen pays into

Quaternary Care

Rural and Remote Care

Secondary Care

Super Clinics

Tertiary Care

An extension of tertiary care, it is more specialised and highly unusual

Tailored healthcare services provided to rural and remote areas to ensure health equalities

Usually referred from primary care and includes specialist care

Broad range of services that target the health needs of communities by bringing together a range of clinicians

Includes physical therapists, respiratory therapists, speech therapists and occupational therapists

Includes routine dental examination, check-ups, oral health advice, scale and cleaning, extractions and fillings etc

HEALTH, WELLBEING

Image Source: https://thenounproject.com/ 685

THESAURUS OF HEALTHY CITIES

Access to Local Shops

Promote the consumption of local healthy food which prevents obesity and related diseases

Aesthetics

Connectivity

Environments for All People

Healthy Workplaces

Beauty produces a positive emotional experience in the observer enhancing overall well-being

Community connections can help prevent mental illness from social isolation

Create places where all people are free to encounter each other as equals

Helps to reduce poor working environments which leads to physical inactivity

Mixed Land Use

Nature Conservation

Parks and Open Space

Play Space

Promoting Walking

Integrate complementary activities to promote synergies between them

Access to nature and biodiversity contributes to mental health and wellbeing

Mental and physical health benefits from access to nature and green space and water regardless of social background

Promotes physical inactivity which reduces cardiovascular disease and obesity

Stimulate activity and promotes physical inactivity, cardiovascular disease and obesity

Image Source: https://thenounproject.com/ 686

STASIS

Local Employment

Local Food Growing

Minimising Car Use

Mixed Density

Minimise Air Pollution

Employment can aid recovery from physical and mental illnesses etc through high self-esteem

Opportunities for food growing promotes more active lifestyles, better diets and social benefits

Reduces noise and air pollution from traffic which result in poor health conditions

Maintain a sense of place and time by embracing change yet respecting heritage values

Prevents life shortening lung and heart conditions, cancer and diabetes linked to poor air quality

Safety and Surveillance

Social Interaction

Social Inclusion

Supporting Infrastructure

Time Use

Design spaces that minimise risks of personal harm and support safe behaviour

Enhances peopleâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s sense of place, security and belonging

Implementing inclusive design principles effectively creates an accessible environment

Creates access to services and health inequalities which prevents place pressure on existing services

Organise places so their parts relate well to each other etc 20 min city

HEALTH, WELLBEING

Image Source: https://thenounproject.com/ 687

CHAPTER I:

TREATMENT VS PREVENTION

688

STASIS

Treatment is heavily linked with medicine, the biggest player in the health field. The fantastic thing about treatment, is that when there is a health issue it’ll attempt to fix it as soon as possible, it focuses on the now, and we’ve gotten pretty good at it. Medicine has become the face of health in the economic sense. It however has a neglected health cousin, Prevention. Prevention has little to do with the now and all the do with tomorrow, it focuses on you never needing to see Treatment. The approach towards medicine and treatment has more than health benefits; it has multiple benefits, economic, political and status. The approach to prevention is something that is somewhat hard to conceptualize as it requires the need to not fall for the ‘out of sight, out of mind’ trick, it requires thinking about the future and explaining to others that this is what will happen, when nothing is present in the moment. The power of Architecture and Urban Design is that when built it’s always present, it’s now real and differently in ‘mind’. The treatment facilities are easily able to be distinguished in the built environment, but how about prevention? The built environment has a function which prevention is ingrained into, it acts as shelter from the rain, from the sun, from the cold etc. It can also be a shelter from diseases, illness and now, it’s time to expand to other health issues. HEALTH, WELLBEING

689

image source: 690 https://edition.cnn.com/2016/06/09/health/pantone-448c-color-cigarette-advertising/index.html STASIS

image source: https://edition.cnn.com/2016/06/09/health/pantone-448c-color-cigarette-advertising/index.html HEALTH, WELLBEING 691

PANDEMICS

COVID-19:

VIRUS TO PANDEMIC Black Death

-1346-1353 -Rodents

Signs & Symptoms Spanish Flu

HIV/AIDS

H1N1 Swine Flu

-1918-1920 -Pigs

-1981-present -Chimpanzee

-2014-2016 -Bats

Zika Virus

-2015-present -Mosquitoes

692

Transmission & Virology

-Respiratory droplets -Surfaces -Animals

Testing: Diagnosis

-Viral testing -Imaging -Anti-bodies

Prevention

-Masks -Social distancing -Hand hygiene

Management

-Flatten the curve -Contact tracing -Antiviral

Prognosis

-Complications -Long-term effects -Immunity

-2019-2010 -Pigs

West- African Ebola

-Incubation period -Asymptomatic -Pneumonia

STASIS

COVID-19: RESPONSE

PAST PANDEMICS

Travel Restrictions: The restriction of movement to avoid infection growth Black Death

Social Distancing: Maintaining a physical distance between individuals Isolation: To avoid all contact with others and avoid spread Staged Restrictions: Implementation of a staggered approach to ceasing activity

Spanish Flu

Healthcare Capacity: The limit of a fully-functional health care system Stimulus Packages: A set of policies to aid stimulation in the economy H1N1 Swine Flu

HEALTH, WELLBEING

Image Source: 1 2 3 693

PANDEMICS: CYCLE

COVID-19: EFFECT AND AFFECT

Pandemic

Effect: Is a impact/result

Affect: Is a influence/cause

Effect on Health

Affect on Health

Effect on Wellbeing

Affect on Well-being

Health

Health response

Well-being

Economic response

Normality

Prevention response

Effect and Affect happens to the individual and collective. Individual and collective are in a dynamic relationship.

Infrastructure response

694

STASIS

COVID-19:

ARCHITECTURAL RESPONSE

Restricting access: The arrangement of elements to control movement

PAST PANDEMICS

Change of Direction

Ideology

Touch-less surfaces: Utilizes technology that can replace the need for touch eg voice Redefined spaces: Creating a controlled space to become more suitable Adaptive reuse: Using space to become more usable for a new function

Sanitation

Light

Digital Infrastructure: Spaces that are accommodating to digital technology Modular design: Uses standardisation of construction process to become more efficient

Air

Openness

HEALTH, WELLBEING

695

PAST PANDEMICS

COVID-19:

HEALTH & WELLBEING ARCHITECTURAL RESPONSE Accommodate for Tele-healthâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;: The ability to host medical appointments digitally

Open Air Treatment

Faster construction for emergency clinics: Create infrastructure that can be built extremely quick Simple adaption of preventive screens: To be use to separate spaces from one another

Partitions

Integrated green-space: Use of vegetation to provide for a more natural environment Promoting of activity: Encouraging movement and exercise with in the area

Flexibility

696 Image Source: 1 2 3

Addressing of social interaction: Looking at ways which socialization is practiced

STASIS

COVID-19: URBAN RESPONSE

Alternative transport: The reduce the demand on the existing transport network

PAST PANDEMICS

Regulation

Zoning

Mirco-planning: The provide specifically design space for certain activities Decentralization: The reduction of central activity to allow for more dispersed modes Diversity in regions: Having multiple activities available in a space

Sanitation

Urban spaces

Re-circulation of pedestrian traffic: To avoid clustering of pedestrians in a certain area Increase of outdoor activity: Allows for natural elements such as light and air to be abundant

Single-use spaces

Waste management

HEALTH, WELLBEING

697

PAST PANDEMICS

Medical Precincts

COVID-19:

HEALTH & WELLBEING URBAN RESPONSE

Localized health clinics: Having alternative typologies of health clinics that are local to the area Dispersed Hospitals: Provide Hospitals that are a suited to the local area Emergency Infrastructures: Have the ability to construct spaces for health issues quickly

Royalty

Increase of breath-ability: The increase of ventilation to avoid the spread of air-borne diseases Localized and dispersed activity zones: Needed to decentralise hot-spots that experience high levels of activity

Urban parks

698Image Source: 1 2 3

Socially-distant interaction: To avoid the spread of diseases social interaction needs to be minimized

STASIS

HEALTHCARE

SCALES OF HEALTH: ARCHITECTURAL TRANSLATION

Public Health

Public Health: The health of community with looks at the population,prevention and risk Health Care: The maintenance of health for the community in order to improve it Medicine: A science that looks at the person, treatment and the cost

Health Care

Medicine

HEALTH, WELLBEING

Image Source: 1 2 3 699

PUBLIC HEALTH

LENSES FOR SEEING: TELESCOPIC

Protection

Prevention

Protection: Used to preserve and enforce the use of public health measures Prevention: A set of actions to stop something from ever happening Promotion: An activity that creates awareness in the community about an issue

Promotion

Health terminology is explained through physical translations

Assessment

Policy Development

Assessment: Is the initial stages of the development and the analysis of the existing Policy Development: The implementation of the assessment findings to develop something Assurance: Using confidence to allow for the development to continue

Assurance 700Image Source: 1 2 3 4 5 6

STASIS

LENSES FOR SEEING: microscopic Health terminology is explained through physical translations

MEDICINE

Diagnosis

Diagnosis: The identification of the cause by looking at signs and symptoms Prognosis

Prognosis: A forecast derived form the diagnosis for a possible outcome Treatment: Care given to an individual that has an issue

Signs & Symptoms: Are abnormalities that indicted a issue

Treatment

Signs & Symptoms

Development of Signs & Symptoms: The way which signs & symptoms arise Care & Education: One of the type of treatments that can be use for an issue

Development of Signs & Symptoms

Care & Education HEALTH, WELLBEING

Image Source: 1 2 3 4 5 6701

POPULATION VS PERSON

TYPE OF DEFINITION:

COLLECTIVE VS INDIVIDUAL Demography

Health terminology is explained through physical translations Demography: A study of the population and the people

Dynamic Environment

Dynamic Environment: A environment that is actively changing

Culture

Family History

Culture: Different behaviors that a group or community share

Family History: Having a health issue that is individual to a family Issue: The issue itself is unique to the person

Issue

Daily Activity: What an individual does each day can influence their health

Daily Activity 702Image Source: 1 2 3 4 5 6

STASIS

TYPE OF ACTION: FUTURE VS NOW

Primary- Healthy: Are individuals that do not have any health issues Secondary- Asymptomatic: Are individuals that have a health issue but did not show symptoms

PREVENTION VS TREATMENT

Primary: Healthy

Secondary: Asymptomatic

Tertiary- Symptomatic: Are individuals that show signs and symptoms

Health terminology is explained through physical translations

Chronology: The approach which the treatment is ordered

Tertiary: Symptomatic

Chronology

Priority: How important the treatment is to the individual Intensity: The manner which the treatment is given

Priority

Intensity HEALTH, WELLBEING

Image Source 1 2 3 4 5 6703

RISK VS COST

Ideal Health

TYPE OF DECISION: QUALITATIVE VS QUANTITATIVE

Health terminology is explained through physical translations Ideal Health: The city of Vienna is an example of a exemplar for a city

Life Satisfaction

Death

Life Satisfaction: The Colosseum whilst damaged is still satisfactory Death: The death of a city is one that is no longer useful

Free: Something that does not cost anything eg air Free

Affordability

Affordability: What a purchaser is able to pay for and is cost relative Insolvent: No longer able to function eg healthcare that deems treatment to be not viable

Insolvent 704Image Source: 1 2 3 4 5 6

STASIS

Main Types of healthcare Systems Beveridge Model

Beveridge Model: Government provides healthcare for all through tax payers Bismarck Model: Uses insurance system and is financed through employees Private Insurance: Purchased through individual consumers

Bismarck Model

Universal Healthcare: Provides medical care to all citizens free. Funded either through government or private insurance

Private Insurance

Universal Healthcare HEALTH, WELLBEING

705

AUSTRALIA:

GOVERNMENT-FUNDED

Public hospital fees

100% of the medicare benefits schedule fee for a general practitioner

Part of the cost of most prescription medicines

Image Source: https://thenounproject.com/ 706

Australia mainly runs based on the universal health model. This system is primarily funded through medicare which provides healthcare for all and is partially funded through tax payers. Unlike other countries our public/private healthcare works side by side and private healthcare is voluntary.

STASIS

USA:

MULTIPLE HEALTHCARE SYSTEM

Medicare

Medicare: National health insurance program Medicaid

Medicaid: Federal and state program that helps with medical costs for some people with limited income and resources Tricare: Health care program of the United States Department of Defense Military Health System Patient Protection Affordable Care Act: Most significant regulatory overhaul and expansion of coverage

Tricare

Patient Protection Affordable Care Act

Childrenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Health Insurance: Provides matching funds to states for health insurance to families with children USA healthcare works through multiple healthcare systems. Majority of these systems are government funded however these only cover for a small amount of the population. Majority of the population is covered through private insurers.

Childrenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Health Insurance

Private Insurers HEALTH, WELLBEING

Image Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_insurance_in_the_Unit707 ed_States

SWITZERLAND:

PRIVATE INSURANCE

Helsana

Beveridge Model: Government provides healthcare for all through tax payers Bismarck Model: Uses insurance system and is financed through employes

Swica

Private Insurance: Purchased through individual consumers Universal Healthcare: Provides medical care to all citizens free. Funded either through government or private insurance

Sanitas

Switzerlands private healthcare is compulsory upon all residents. People buy insurance from companies and it is heavily regulated by the government. The government also offers to pay part of your insurance cover if you are of low income.

Assura Image Source:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Healthcare_in_Switzerland 708

STASIS

COMPARISON

Australia: Universality + Affordability USA: Quality + Affordability Switzerland: Universality + Quality The Australian healthcare provides universality and affordability. While the USA debatably provides affordability and quality. In Switzerland healthcare provides universality and quality. The idea that all these three factors can work together in one healthcare system is simply a utopian idea and like many utopian ideas reveals many underlying issues.

Universality

Affordability

Quality

HEALTH, WELLBEING

Image Source: https://thenounproject.com/ 709

CHAPTER I:

MID-SEMESTER STUDY

710

STASIS

Cost of Heartattack vs Cost of Cyclist path The cost of building infrastructure is normality justified as an investment through its return. Through analyzing the cost of a heat attack verses a cyclist path it can aid in the judgment between the two. The hope is that the cost of prevention is worth the investment. Its aid the future of the area and can have multiple sources of reasons to invest in these projects

Zurich: Cost of Care 2016/2017

1/3 Victorians cardiovascular issues are preventable Heart Health 2017

Moving Well: Sue Hewitt (2020)

HEALTH, WELLBEING

711

Cost of Stroke vs Cost of Oval The cost of building infrastructure is normality justified as an investment through its return. Through analyzing the cost of a stroke verses an oval it can aid in the judgment between the two. The hope is that the cost of prevention is worth the investment. Its aid the future of the area and can have multiple sources of reasons to invest in these projects

Zurich: Cost of Care 2016/2017

1/3 Victorians cardiovascular issues are preventable Heart Health 2017

QLD Government Get Playing: Facilities cost (2018)

712

STASIS

HEALTH, WELLBEING

713

CHAPTER II:

FUTURE OF HEALTHCARE

714

STASIS

The future of healthcare lies in developing strong relationships with technology and healthcare workers to facilitate for easier ways of providing healthcare, whether it be in treatment or in monitoring. Here digital health refers to the use of information technology/electronic communication tools, services and processes to deliver health care services or to facilitate better health. While telehealth here refers to the use of information and communication technologies to deliver health care when patients and care providers are not in the same physical location. Together they create a network of connected care, meaning several experts can work together seamlessly and manage patients health from a distance. The development of digital health and telehealth will transform our healthcare system, creating more sustainable healthcare through equalising the relationship between medical professionals and patients to provide cheaper, faster and more effective solutions for healthcare. It is our role as designers to question how this may change the typology of healthcare system facilities. How can we design to accommodate for these rapid changes? As we face pandemics telehealth as a method of healthcare becomes more favoured and we look towards a way of providing care without having to be in physical presence. As seen in the current pandemic the heath care sector has been incredibly successful in transitioning between forms of healthcare delivery. The way in which we deal with pandemics proposes the question of what lessons can we learn to help redesign healthcare. Do we have to go back to our old ways? or can we propose a system where health can be managed from kilometres away. How will this affect the design of our healthcare facilities and on a deeper level the urban layout of our cities. HEALTH, WELLBEING

715

image source: 716 https://www.archdaily.com/search/projects/categories/healthcare-architecture/country/australia STASIS

image source: https://www.archdaily.com/search/projects/categories/healthcare-architecture/country/australia HEALTH, WELLBEING 717

ROBOTICS:

THE FUTURE OF HEALTHCARE

Consumer-friendly Healthcare

Chronic Disease Management

Support Medical Personnel

Image Source: https://www.healthcare-administration-degree.net/faq/how-are-ro718 bots-changing-healthcare

In recent years robots in healthcare have become increasingly popular. Nurse robots in japan have taken off the pressure of a shortage of care givers while delivery robots save hospitals money and time.

STASIS

DIGITAL INFRASTRUCTURE: MY HEALTH RECORD

Specialist Letters

Discharge Summaries

Shared Health Summaries

My Health Record lets you control your health information securely, in one place. This means your important health information is available when and where itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s needed, including in an emergency.

Prescription and Dispense Records HEALTH, WELLBEING

Image Source: https://www.myhealthrecord.gov.au/news-and-media/my-health-re719 cord-stories/safe-mhr-apps

HEALTHCARE: CYBER SECURITY

Basis for insurance/ credit fraud

Target for overseas intelligence

Obtaining illicit prescription drugs

Blackmail possibilities Image Source: https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/81-of-healthcare-or720 ganizations-have-been-compromised-by-cyber-attacks-in-past-2-years-kpmg-survey-300132308.html

One of the main problems with this system is its constant cyber attacks. Recently it has become one of the highest attacked industries, as health records fetch a premium price on the black market. Cybers attacks are only increasing as we move towards a digital world. To combat this hospitals have invested in training staff to recognise attacks earlier on.

STASIS

HEALTHCARE:

TECHNOLOGY

Smart Contact Lenses

Kinetic

Owlet Smart Sock

Trackers, Wearables and Sensors New wearable technology has advanced to detect, alert and advise people of health risks from the comfort of their homes. These devises are often connected to the patients doctor giving the patient 24/7 assurance. Hipâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;Safe HEALTH, WELLBEING

Image Source: https://medicalfuturist.com/ten-ways-technology-changing-health721 care/

CHAPTER II:

MID-SEMESTER STUDY

722

STASIS

AUSTRALIA 2020 TELEHEALTH STATISTICS AS PER REPORTED IN THE MONTH OF APRIL

5.8M

CONSULTATIONS

35%

Total number of telehealth consultations this month

CONSULTATIONS Total number of telehealth consultations since COVID-19

36%

32M

37%

MBS SERVICES Overall percentage of MBS services devlivered by telehealth this month

CONSULTATIONS Overall MBS consultations devlivered by telehealth this month

52%

Of 12.9m general consulations were through telehealth

Of 1.9m specialist consulations were through telehealth

Of 884k mental health consulations were through telehealth

18%

2.8%

9.3%

Of 71k nurse practitioner consulations were through telehealth

Of 471k allied health consulations were through telehealth

Of telehealth consulations were through videoconference

90%

17%

20%

Of telehealth consulations were by telephone

Of general patients were treated at home

HEALTH, WELLBEING

Of patients using telehealth saw a significant reduction in costs

723

TELEHEALTH PHYSICAL FOOTPRINT METRO VICTORIA PRIMARY PLACES IN WHICH DELIVER TELEHEALTH

724

STASIS

HEALTH, WELLBEING

725

CHAPTER III:

DECENTRALISATION

726

STASIS

Current healthcare planning is mainly focused around the centralisation of healthcare to create these medical clusters. These medical clusters become a success as they are a popular destination for medical tourists by exponentially increasing patient flow. Current metro Melbourne planning revolves around public hospitals being clustered in location, planned according to government-plan and based on access. While private hospitals are wide-spread and due to being independently funded they are independently planed and demand driven. This downside of this however is that it means it is difficult and inconvenient for people living away from these medical clusters to access high quality care. Through the decentralisation of healthcare we see a more unified health service that caters for local preferences, an improved implementation of health programs and a reduction of inequalities between rural and urban areas. Through this healthcare becomes more accessible and inequalities in healthcare are significantly reduced. This creates an improved implementation of healthcare and ensures sustainability in the delivery of healthcare. HEALTH, WELLBEING

727

image source: 728 https://theconversation.com/new-cities-its-an-idea-worth-thinking-about-for-australia-92990 STASIS

image source: https://theconversation.com/new-cities-its-an-idea-worth-thinking-about-for-australia-92990 HEALTH, WELLBEING 729

HEALTHCARE:

QUANTITY VS QUALITY

We can also argue it is better to provide expensive high quality efficient healthcare to those who can afford it in comparison to Medicare for all citizens. In the USA 22,000 people die every year from treatable disease because they cannot afford it.

Image Source: https://cheezburger.com/7877381/17-american-healthcare-memes730 thatll-remind-you-to-never-ever-get-sick

STASIS

HEALTHCARE: INNOVATION

Arguably universal healthcare limits innovation. In the USA research and developer companies compete with each other to make profit and this spurs innovation. Do we want free medicore healthcare for all or cutting edge specialist healthcare for those who can afford it.

HEALTH, WELLBEING

Image Source: https://cheezburger.com/7877381/17-american-healthcare-memes731 thatll-remind-you-to-never-ever-get-sick

PHYSICAL HEALTHCARE

Static

Hybrid

TYPES OF MOBILITY

Static: Most healthcare is stationary as it stays with the area and all are located through multiple approaches which are affected by an abundances of external forces this includes hospitals,health centres and clinics Hybrid: What is a Temporary Urban Infrastructure in regards to health and wellbeing, how is it morphed and translated to the built environment, is there such a thing? Dynamic: There is healthcare that moves and is flexible it provides services where ever the patient is, opposed to static healthcare facilities such as ambulances, portable devices and first aid kits

Dynamic

732 Image Source: 1 2 3

STASIS

TYPES OF ACCESSIBILITY

Metropolitan: Having a densely populated urban core and highly diverse transport network

PHYSICAL HEALTHCARE

Metropolitan

Regional: Scatted population with a transport network that is more developed in nodal towns Remote: Extremely low population with minimal transport network

Regional

Remote

HEALTH, WELLBEING

Image Source: 1 2 3 733

METRO HEALTHCARE Population density

Population density: Has a highly dense urban core of 5 million people ..

"!"

"""""""" ��e tre""s

Public hospitals

private hospitals: Is wide-spread, demand-driven and independently planned Day procedure centres: Has local access that is privately driven and specialist planned

Public hospitals: Is clustered in locations that is access-driven and government planned

"!"

��e tre""s """"""""

Private hospitals

.. . . . ' ... . ..

.. 0

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!�e�t re""'s """""""'

Day procedure centres

Image Source: 734 http://www.health.vic.gov.au/maps/

STASIS

REGIONAL HEALTHCARE Population density

Population density: Has a low density of nodal towns of 1.4 million people Public hospitals: Has a distributed location that is access driven and government planned

• •

100

� Kilome"tr'"es"""""""

private hospitals: Clustered location that is demand-driven and independently planned

Public hospitals

Day procedure centres: Has local access that is privately driven and specialist planned

. .

100

I!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Kilome"t r'"e""s """""""

Create high-quality, public boulevards

100 50 1 � Kilome ""t re""s ..........

Day procedure centres HEALTH, WELLBEING

Image Source: http://www.health.vic.gov.au/maps/ 735

DYNAMICLOCATION

RESPONSE VS ACCESSIBILITY

Page 3

Static

Hybrid

Dynamic

Image Source: 736 https://www.ambulance.vic.gov.au/

Looking at the response time of ambulance Victoria we can use this as an example to measure the populations accessibility to medical services. Can we redistributing health facilities and will it reduce wait times for health care access and reduce the inequalities in health care access.

STASIS

POLICY:

CONNECTION AND DEVELOPMENT

Redevelopment of Infrastructure: Using the existing health services and improving them Alternative Medical: Provide other modes of health that can take pressure over other services Medical Partnerships: Connecting existing services together to become more efficient

METRO VS REGIONAL

Redevelopment of Infrastructure

Alternative Medical Hubs

Medical Partnerships

Centralization: Developing a core health services to provide resources Priority Infrastructure: Infrastructure that is crucial for the health of the area

Centralization

Local Emergency: Providing emergency services for all areas Priority Infrastructure

Local Emergency Healthcare HEALTH, WELLBEING

Image Source: 1 2 3 4 5 6737

METRO VS REGIONAL

Centralization

Medical Variation

EXISTING ISSUES

Centralization: The collection of health services in a single area Medical Variation: Lack of typologies and modes of health services Individual function: The function of the services is singular

Individual function

Workers Shortage: Lack of people both working and living in certain areas Capital Interest: Not enough money is being spend in areas to provide services

Workers Shortage

Infrastructure: Some of the existing infrastructure is out-dated

Capital Interest

Infrastructure 738Image Source: 1 2 3 4 5 6

STASIS

LOCAL CONNECTION

Localization of Hospitals: Providing hospitals in areas based on localisation and population Increased Healthcare Network: Allowing for alternative typologies to be introduced into the network

SYNTHESIS

Localization of Hospitals

Increased Healthcare Network

Health Transport bridging: Providing fast and easy transport in between health services Population-driven Development: Providing services that reflect the size of the population

Health Transport bridging

Specialist Accessibility: The dispersion of specialist facilities Alternative Transportation: Adopting the use other modes of medical transportation

Population-driven Development

Specialist Accessibility

Alternative Transportation HEALTH, WELLBEING

Image Source: 1 2 3 4 5 6739

ACCIDENTAL FALLS Accidental falls

Public hospitals

Breast Cancer

Cardiac arrhythmias

https://www.aihw.gov.au/reports/life-expectancy-death/mort-books/contents/mort740 books

STASIS

Maribyrnong:

20.3

CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASE

Cerebrovascular disease

4. 6.

3. 5.

1. 2.

Hepburn: Greater

Geelong Geelong:

37.4 36.4

Bayside:

35.8

Marrondah: Marrondah

35.3

Golden

6. 7.

Plains Plains: Knox:

Greater

Dandenong Dandenong:

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Colorectal cancer

35.2 33.7 33.6

Coronary heart disease

HEALTH, WELLBEING

https://www.aihw.gov.au/reports/life-expectancy-death/mort-books/contents/mort741 books

DEMENTIA INCLUDING ALZHEIMERâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S DISEASE

Dementia including Alzheimer disease

Diabetes

Heart failure complications and ill-defined heart disease

Hypertensive disease

https://www.aihw.gov.au/reports/life-expectancy-death/mort-books/contents/mort742 books

STASIS

Maroondah: Maroondah

55.9

DIABETES

Cerebrovascular disease

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Mitchell: Mitchell

21.8

Brimbank:

21.5

South

Gippsland:

21.3

Greater

Dandenong Dandenong:

20.7

Moreland:

20.7

.Hume:

18.7

Whittleseas:

18.1

Colorectal cancer

Coronary heart disease

HEALTH, WELLBEING

Image Source: https://www.aihw.gov.au/ https://www.aihw.gov.au/reports/life-expec743 tancy-death/mort-books/contents/mort-books

LUNG CANCER

Other ill-defined causes 6. 1.

4. 2.

Pancreatic cancer 5.

1. 2.

Prostate Cancer

Suicide

https://www.aihw.gov.au/reports/life-expectancy-death/mort-books/contents/mort744 books

STASIS

Murinidindi: Golden

Plains Plains:

41.2 37.2

Moorabool:

36.6

Wyndham:

35.1

Frankston:

34.9

Mitchell: Mitchell

34.0

MITCHELL

MITCHELL SHIRE COUNCIL: MUNICIPAL PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELLBEING PLAN 20172021

Physical activity Healthy eating Tobacco Mental health Family violence Sexual health Alcohol and drugs Natural environment Employment

Education

Livability

HEALTH, WELLBEING

Image Source: Google Maps 745

GREATER DANDENONG MUNICIPAL PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELLBEING PLAN 20172021

GREATER DANDENONG

Community Environment Social Housing Accessible Transport Mental health Climate Change Eduction and Employment Lifelong Learning Health promoting Substance abuse Equality

Safety

Image Source: Google Maps 746

STASIS

GOLDEN PLAINS

GOLDEN PLAINS SHIRE: MUNICIPAL PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELLBEING PLAN 20172021

Healthy eating

Active living

Access to local health Community services

Sustainable environments

Connected communities

Family violence

Gender equity

HEALTH, WELLBEING

Image Source: Google Maps 747

THE CITY OF GREATER GEELONG: MUNICIPAL PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELLBEING PLAN 2018-2021

GREATER GEELONG

Social Connection

Increase in Physical Activity

Access to Safe Environments

Access to Healthy Food

Access to Local Services

Image Source: Google Maps 748

STASIS

MARRONDAH

MAROONDAH CITY COUNCIL: MUNICIPAL PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELLBEING PLAN 20172021

Alcohol, Drugs and Tobacco Health Affordable Housing Gender Equity Gambling

Climate Change Infrastructure

Education and Lifelong learning Employment

Education

Employment

HEALTH, WELLBEING

Image Source: Google Maps 749

CHAPTER III:

MID-SEMESTER STUDY

750

STASIS

METRO VICTORIA Metro Melbourne as the urban core with a population of 5 million people is considered of high density. The public hospitals are clustered in location planned according to government-plan and based on access. While private hospitals are wide-spread and due to being independently funded they are independently planed and demand driven. The day care centres are planned by local-access they are privately driven and specialist planned. Metro: Population Density

Metro : Private Hospitals

Metro : Public Hospitals

Metro : Ambulance Victoria Branches

Metro : Day Procedure Centres

Image Source: http://www.health.vic.gov.au/maps/

HEALTH, WELLBEING

751

REGIONAL VICOTRIA Rural Victoria is made up of nodal towns, the population of 1.4 million people is considered of low density. The public hospitals are distributed by location planned according to government-plan and based on access. Private hospitals are clustered in location and due to being independently funded they are independently planed and demand driven. The bush nursing centres are planned by local-access they are privately driven and specialist planned.

Regional : Population Density

Regional : Private Hospitals

Regional : Public Hospitals

Regional : Ambulance Victoria Branches

Regional : Bush Nursing Centres

Image Source: http://www.health.vic.gov.au/maps/

752

STASIS

HEALTH, WELLBEING

753

CHAPTER IV:

SOCIO-ECONOMIC DETERMINANTS

754

STASIS

The socioeconomic factors of a personâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s environment play a large role in the way they view and approach their health. The AIHW states there would be 54,000 fewer deaths would occur if all Australians had the same death rates as people living in highest socioeconomic areas. These socioeconomic factors play a role in the way people feel valued by society and hence influences their health status. As AIHW states Victorians who do not feel valued by society have poorer mental and physical health than people who do feel valued by society, the lower a personâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s household income, the less likely they are to feel valued by society, being socially isolated may have a bigger impact on health and wellbeing. People living in low socioeconomic area often face issues including smoking, obesity, sedentary behavior and substance abuse and problems with help-seeking behavior. How can we aim to resolve these underlying medical issues without the involvement of the health profession? Through aiming to break these socioeconomic determinates of health we can reduce systemic barriers in healthcare which result in lower quality of health. What if we begin to focus on healthcare planning around socioeconomic factors? How can we use planning to reduce the impact socioeconomic factors have on health? HEALTH, WELLBEING

755

image source: https://www.bbc.com/news/in-pictures-45257901 756

STASIS

HEALTH, WELLBEING

757 image source: https://www.bbc.com/news/in-pictures-45257901

SOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH Smoking

Impact: Victorians who do not feel valued by society have poorer mental and physical health than people who do. Social Inequalities: The lower a personâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s household income, the less likely they are to feel valued by society. Obesity

Overall: Being socially isolated may has a bigger impact on health and wellbeing

Approach to Measurement: 1. Rank the population by socioecnomic position Substance Abuse

2. Divide the population into groups based on this ranking 3. Compare each group on health indcators of interest

Psychological Distress 758 Image Source: https://thenounproject.com/

STASIS

SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS: RISK FACTORS

Physical Inactivity+ Obesity Hume, Melton, Wyndham, Cardinia, Casey

Psychological Distress + Hypertension Frankston, Casey, Yara ranges shire, Darebin, Moreland HEALTH, WELLBEING

Image Source: https://www.aodstats.org.au/index.php?page=24 759

SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS:

RISK FACTORS

Substance Abuse + Employment Nillumbik, Yarra, Mornington Peninsula, Port Phillip, Stonnington

Low Socio Economic Areas + Smoking Whittlesea, Melton, Darebin, Maribyrnong, Wynham Image Source: 760 https://www.aodstats.org.au/index.php?page=24

STASIS

HEALTHCARE: A LUXURY OR RIGHT

As Australian citizens we believe we are entitled to free healthcare. However in many other countries this is not the case. Healthcare is seen as a luxury and not a right. This means that many people are not getting the needed medical care because they simply cannot afford it.

HEALTH, WELLBEING

Image Source: https://cheezburger.com/7877381/17-american-healthcare-memes761 thatll-remind-you-to-never-ever-get-sick

CHAPTER IV:

MID-SEMESTER STUDY

762

STASIS

SUBSTANCE ABUSE AND EMPLOYMENT Areas with high employment rates and high rates of substance abuse include: - Nillumbik - Yarra - Mornington Peninsula - Port Phillip - Stonnington Includes following characteristics: - Born in Australia - Speaks English language at home - Total annual household income of $100,000 or more

LOW SOCIO ECONOMIC AREAS AND SMOKING Low socio-economic areas with high rates of smokers: - Whittlesea - Melton - Darebin - Maribyrnong - Wynham

Includes following characteristics: - High or very high levels of psychological distress - Reported being in fair or poor health - Underweight

Image Source: https://www.aodstats.org.au/index.php?page=24

HEALTH, WELLBEING

763

PHYSICAL INACTIVITY AND OBESITY Areas with high obesity rates and high numbers of physical inactivity: - Hume - Melton - Wyndham - Cardinia - Casey Includes following characteristics: - Completed high school or TAFE or trade certificate or diploma - Unemployed - Total annual household income less than $40,000.

PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS AND HYPERTENSION Areas with high rates of people with psychological distress and hypertension: - Frankston - Casey - Yara ranges shire - Darebin - Moreland Includes following characteristics: - Not completed high school - High unemployment rates - Not being in the labour force - Total annual household income less than $40,000

Image Source: https://www.aodstats.org.au/index.php?page=24

764

STASIS

HEALTH, WELLBEING

765

CHAPTER V:

MID-SEMESTER SUMMARY

766

STASIS

This was used for an exploration and summary to health and wellbeing. The exploration begins with the background of the history of health in Victoria. Through revisiting the past we can uncover issues in the system and discover if the history of health holds answers to the future, how much of this can we transfer and how much of this is useful. The dictionary of healthcare and thesaurus of healthy cities helps us understand the basic parts which make up healthcare and healthy cities. Utilizing of our research and exploration on treatment vs prevention, digital health/ telehealth, socioeconomic factors and decentralization we attempted to embeded this topic it our thoughts about health and wellbing . Through this exploration we have developed 5 main questions which form the basis of our final exploration. These questions include: What if healthcare facilities and amenities are broken down and redistributed to be equal for all regions? What if large scale healthcare planning mainly responded to the health status of the area? How can we break the socioeconomic determinates of health to prevent disruptive health issues and provide for better healthcare? What if urban planning utilities preventative health infrastructures in high risk regions? How can we have an urban system of preventative health infrastructures for large scale issues that affect all regions? HEALTH, WELLBEING

767

What if healthcare facilit broken down and redist equal for all regions?

768

STASIS

acilities/amenities were distributed to be the ?

HEALTH, WELLBEING

769

Retail Clinics

Medi-Hotels

Eco Smart Homes

Virtual Hospitals

A convenient way for patients to visit a health care clinic. These walk-in clinics are located in retail stores, supermarkets and pharmacies that treat uncomplicated minor illnesses.

Medihotels to assist patients to transition between the community and acute sectors by providing accommodation and hotel services. These hotels reduce the need for longer stays in hospitals.

Homes that will create comfortable, healthy spaces now and for the future. These homes could also be linked to healthcare technology to provide 24/7 care.

Essentially works as command centers for smaller facilities, helping ease the burden on our hospitals. They provide flexible care offering greater independence in the management of health.

Gas Stations Wellness Hubs

Drive Thru Testing

Robotic Nurses

Telehealth Kiosk

Can help out in repetitive tasks, such as medical supply retrieval, food and medication delivery, and patient movement and transfer. This can make up for the lack of nurses in rural areas especially.

Carepoints that facilitate on-demand health care consultations from a physical point of care. This enables for high-quality healthcare and exercise advice as an alternative to face to face consultations.

Raise citizens awareness when it comes to their personal health and wellness, potentially persuading them to work out and eat healthily more often.

Drive-thru testing site is a place where parents and children stay in the car while a health care provider does a test providing an easy and convenient way of testing.

Image Source: https://thenounproject.com/

770

STASIS

Community Involvement

Community participation is the basis of successful health promotion.

Earlier Diagnosis

Enabling clinicians to diagnose earlier and intervene more effectively increases the success rate of treatment.

Local Prioritization

Local Resource Allocation

Health Conscious

Create local level prioritization and community involvement in health sector.

Increasing opportunities for equity in local level resource allocation.

Personal Control

Independent Care

Self Monitoring Devices

These models will synergise technology, patient self-caring and enable less dependence on caregivers. Creating more sustainable models of long term.

Ability of smartphones and other consumer gadgets to measure things such as blood glucose or kidney function, for example, without taking a blood sample.

Engaging patients to take a more active, central role in their own care, this is done through better tools to understand and manage their health.

Placing health at forefront and integrating it into our daily lives ensures we are more health conscious.

Image Source: https://thenounproject.com/

HEALTH, WELLBEING

771

A SYSTEM FOR ALL What if healthcare facilities/ amenities were broken down and redistributed to be the equal for all regions? If we gain a scope of the facilities available in Victoria we can better understand how these resources can be redistributed. Looking at the response time of ambulance Victoria we can use this as an example to measure the populations accessibility to medical services. Here we propose that redistributing health facilities will reduce wait times for health care access and reduce the inequalities in health care access.

Percentage of responses <=15mins 90 to 100% 80 to 90% 70 to 80% 60 to 70% 50 to 60% 40 to 50% 30 to 40% 20 to 30% 10 to 20% 0 to 10%

Ambulance Victoria Response Times

174

151

Private hospitals in Victoria

Public hospitals in Victoria

2.31

1.54

2.70

Average available public beds per 1,000 population in major cities

Average available public beds per 1,000 population in remote areas

Average available public beds per 1,000 population in regional areas

Public psychiatric hospitals in Victoria

16 days wait

56 days wait

average for patient appointments

average for routine patient appointments

In comparison to 10 days average wait in Australia

In comparison to 40 days average wait in Australia

Image Source: https://thenounproject.com/

772

STASIS

Proposition 1 With current planning focusing around clustering medical services to create medical clusters, how can we re-think the planning of these facilities to be equal amongst all regions? Here we are not proposing a generalized method for planning but rather rethinking new ways in redistributing healthcare facilities to make it more accessible to the population. Through this we see major hospitals operating only as command centers to control and advise smaller healthcare facilities. As a result we can reduce the pressure on existing healthcare facilities. Could healthcare facilities be inter-graded into our existing infrastructure to fit into our daily lives to ensure we are more health conscious. Through this we see gas stations refurbished to become health wellness centers, retail clinics located in supermarkets and stand alone telehealth kiosks located freely in suburbs. Investing in these amenities which are flexible and adaptable to change can see a breaking in the inequalities in healthcare facility distribution. Through thus we can see a decentralization of healthcare through downsizing infrastructure healthcare. This means the people are able to manage illnesses easier and receive access to healthcare early on.

HEALTH, WELLBEING

773

774

STASIS

HEALTH, WELLBEING

775

What if large scale hea mainly responded to th the area?

776

STASIS

healthcare planning o the health status of

HEALTH, WELLBEING

777

Counseling Centre

Patient Retreat

Care Centre

Design places for patients to get away from the daily routines and responsibilities to focus on communication, support, information, and personal reflection

Community based complementary care and support Centre to deliver the best possible care, close to home

Provide specialized counseling in a safe and trusting environment. It helps the person understand their illness and general concerns clearly and resolve them

Screening and Imaging

Carer Retreat

Telehalth Services

Ensure places for screening and imaging are made available to ensure people are able to get tested earlier on to help prevent illnesses early on

Design wellness retreats for carers to get away alone from the daily routines and responsibilities, to create a place to re -energize

Telehealth connects patients to vital health care services ensuring patients receive the right care, at the right place, at the right time

Image Source: https://thenounproject.com/

778

STASIS

Awareness

Raise awareness of illnesses and to highlight issues facing those diagnosed and their partners and families.

Treatment

Design places for specialized illness treatment

Day Therapy

Specialist Clinic

Outpatient Pharmacy

Nutrition Hubs

Offer a range of therapy services. Services may include physiotherapy, occupational and speech therapy or podiatry

Provide specialist non-admitted care to people in acute health settings. Creates an important link between care in the hospital and community

Provides pharmaceutical care to registered outpatients receiving treatment provide multiple roles ranging from dispensing and counseling to medication therapy management services and transition of care

specialized centre where patients can receive achievable, practical and tailored nutrition advice combined with recipes and food inspiration to help patients overcome illnesses

Familial Centre

Intensive Care Unit

Patient Accommodation

Surgery

Specialized treatment given to patients who are acutely unwell and require critical medical care

Provides ‘home away from home’ accommodation for patients and their families from different suburbs

Places for procedures performed outside theatre or by nonsurgical clinicians to reduce frustration for patients having to travel long distances and wait long times

Offers a range of clinical services to people concerned about their risk of developing a cancer due to their family’s history of cancer

Image Source: https://thenounproject.com/

HEALTH, WELLBEING

779

A HEALTH STATUS RESPONSE What if large scale healthcare planning mainly responded to the health status of the area? Mapping out the deaths by area in Victoria helps give us a better understanding of where these clusters occur. Through this we can focus specialist resources in these areas helping strategically plan where these services will go to provide care best. With areas such as Maroondah facing high levels of dementia deaths planning dementia specialist services in these areas can help avoid these deaths. Population Density

VICTORIA 2030 STRATEGIC PLAN Key result 28 Improve the timeliness of access to care Lung Cancer

Improve the timeliness of access to elective surgery, emergency department treatment, outpatient services, ambulance services and palliative care

Diabetes

Key result 30 Increase patient choice in health decisions Increase client and patient choice concerning the services and treatment they receive

Key result 32 Increase citizen engagement in healthcare decisions Increase citizen engagement in the design and delivery of services Accidental Falls

Cerebrovascular Disease

Key result 37 Plan according to needs Improve alignment of our health, human services and community recreation assets with the needs of clients, patients and Victoriaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s growing population

Key result 41 Increase transparency Increase the transparency of service safety and quality Influenza and Pneumonia

Dementia Including Alzheimerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s

https://www.aihw.gov.au/reports/life-expectancy-death/mort-books/contents/mortbooks

780

STASIS

Proposition 2 What happens when we look at treating health problems by the area in which they cluster heaviest? If we propose that health care planning can be re-thought to respond to the health status of an area we found we are left with suburbs which work as large scale medical clusters. These suburb medical clusters respond to these illnesses â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;hot spotsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;. Through this we realign health care services according to the needs of the population. We find institutionalizing chronic illnesses helps create a better outlook on chronic illnesses, changing the outlook on them and creating welcoming healthcare which is found to result in better healing in patients. Through this we will create better access to care, improving the timeliness of access to care. These suburb medical clusters mean the population becomes involved in health care planning at a higher level. The proposition sees an increase in patient engagement in health decisions and an increase in transparency of services. The aim is to help manage these illness hot spots and to create urban design which is founded by the principals of healing architecture through this we can enhance the sense of community and create better relationships between the patients and the people hired to look after them.

HEALTH, WELLBEING

781

782

STASIS

HEALTH, WELLBEING

783

How can we break the s determinants of health t health issues and provid

784

STASIS

he socio-economic lth to prevent disruptive ovide for better health?

HEALTH, WELLBEING

785

Environments for All People

Connectivity

Local Work Opportunities

Local Infrastructures

Create places where all people are free to encounter each other as equals

Urban sprawl hinders the use of public spaces and reduces opportunities for casual encounters, weakening social ties and increasing isolation- we want to aim to reverse this

Those who need to cover long distances to reach their workplace often do not have time and energy to develop meaningful social relationships with neighbors in comparison to those who work locally

Schools, libraries, leisure facilities increase sense of community and opportunities for social cohesion. How can we develop local flexible infrastructure?

Parks and Open Space

Quality Public Space

Public Lighting

Communal Culture

Mental and physical health benefits from access to nature and green space and water regardless of social background

Contributes to increase the feeling of belonging to a community and influences the perception of crimeâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s risk

Can reduce sense of danger, it increases visibility, gives a more pleasant impression of the environment, suggests the presence of other people.

The least health inequalities are seen in cultures with the smallest income differentials and greater social cohesion.

Image Source: https://thenounproject.com/

786

STASIS

Local Prioritisation

Income Development

Sustainable

Eating Habits

Create local level prioritisation and community involvement in health sector.

Income development changes how people are able to enjoy healthier living. Society must invest in individuals and environments if health inequalities are to be seriously reduced

Venture into adaptive reuse projects, as the most effective form of sustainability and energy saving to create resilient communities

Neighborhoods influences eating habits through the availability of healthy food outlets

Personal Control

Education Facilities

Quality of Life

Engaging patients to take a more active, central role in their own care, this is done through better tools to understand and manage their health.

SES households and communities affects development of academic skills.

Buildings, places and spaces not as isolated elements but as part of the whole city

Long-Term Vision

Invest in the long term of the cityâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s public realm and movement infrastructure

Image Source: https://thenounproject.com/

HEALTH, WELLBEING

787

A SOCIO-ECONOMIC RESPONSE How can we break the socio-economic determinants of health to prevent disruptive health issues and provide for better health?

Current studies show 54,000 fewer deaths would occur each year if all Australians had the same death rates as people living in highest socioeconomic areas.

Relative Socioeconomic Disadvantage by Area

50% Access to fast food restaurants in more disadvantaged areas

13% Of Australians live below the poverty line

Of Australians of lower SES are at greater risk of poor health outcomes

57%

60%

57%

Of Australians living in SES areas are more likely to be obese

Of Australians living in SES areas are more likely to be experience higher rates of chronic

Of health gap is due to socioeconomic factors

Image Source: https://thenounproject.com/

788

10m

STASIS

Proposition 3 What happens when a sufficient response requires other questions to be answered? Do we think that the first question is the only one that requires a solution, or does the underlying questions need to be part of that? The allocation of resources to health-related issues has predominately been associated with the treatment provided by healthcare. This has caused an intensive development of medical infrastructure which has become the primary mode of care. This investment is driven by quality and demand of the system, this may continue to increase as it is seen to be correlated with population growth and increased economic status. What is the alternative to increased health, without the involvement of the health profession? Could it be the investment into the individual or community that are most in need of the services? Breaking socio-economic determinants is to avoid systemic barriers that created lower quality of health. The process to finding an adequate solution is lengthy and incredibly demanding, however is now the time to start focusing our attention to this issue? What can infrastructure and planning do to help?

HEALTH, WELLBEING

789

790

STASIS

HEALTH, WELLBEING

791

What if urban planning health infrastructures in

792

STASIS

ng utilities preventative s in high risk regions?

HEALTH, WELLBEING

793

Infrastructure Deterrents

Eduction Programs

Home Integration

Prevention Centres

To provide a constant reminder or assist in combating the Illness. Deterrents act as a way to encourage but also as a way to enforce the message

Teaching about the affects of the illness and possible pathways to avoiding these issues can be provided with both new and existing infrastructure

The integration into the everyday life of individuals will have a strong impact if adopted. This response must be encouraging

Centres that are created to solely lower the risk of getting this illness act as information hub

Specialist Infrastructure

Digital Infrastructure

Centralized Response Team

Testing Stations

Having a physical presence can help provide the individuals and the community with achieving a strong improvement of health

Allows for accessibility to increase to ensure that the message is able to reach as many people as possible

Gives a leadership team the responsibility of ensuring the issues response is being effective

Enabling that the information that is known about the issues is as relevant as possible by provide the easiest testing services

Image Source: https://thenounproject.com/

794

STASIS

Marketing Campaign

Allowing the area to be exposed to the preventative message and instructions

Community Involvement

Creating a sense of community engagement to provide a collective attitude towards the process

Targeted Services

Investing in services that are targeted towards the health issues in the community

Informal Promotion

Allowing for the possibility of individuals wanting to share the message with each other and provide the resources for this to be as effective as needed

Specialist Professional

Reinforcement Services

Encouraging specialist to work in area and allowing the community to receive the best help and opportunity to decreasing the risk

To use of services that allow for the measures that aim to decrease the risk of health issues to be maintained and adhered too as much as possible

Independent Care

Self Monitoring Devices

Providing information that can allow individuals to self-care and become independent with their response to lowering the risk of the health issue

Giving the individual the tools necessary to monitor their own health and give accurate response to tracking their health

Image Source: https://thenounproject.com/

HEALTH, WELLBEING

795

HOW TO PREVENT DEATH The environmental and certain behaviors of individuals potentially has a negative impact on overall mortality rates. Both go hand and hand. The fact that some of the most common causes of deaths in Victoria is higher in some areas, depicts that some areas are better at addressing issues then others. Finding the problems that cause these differences can allow the response to become preventative and direct to this hotspot regions.

Avoidable Mortality

PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELLBEING

2019-2023 PLAN Coronary Heart Disease

Increasing active living Improve the risk of ill health and all-cause mortality Increase easy access to parks, open spaces and public spaces with opportunities for physical activity where appropriate and increase participation in sport and active recreation activities Increase the proportion of transport trips that use active modes of travel.

Walkability

Reducing tobacco-related harm

Lung Cancer

Decrease the risk of many illnesses including lung cancer Reduce smoking-related harm and denormalise smoking behaviours through ongoing support and modernisation of tobacco control regulation in Victoria.

Smokers

Support smokers to quit through greater access to and uptake of smoking cessation

Increasing healthy eating Improve

quality of foods and drinks to keep them healthy Accelerating the implementation of healthy food supply policies in all key public settings Implementing initiatives and approaches supporting healthier lifestyles and habits

Cerebrovascular Disease

Obesity

https://www.aihw.gov.au/reports/life-expectancy-death/mort-books/contents/mortbooks

796

STASIS

Proposition 4 The existences of health related ‘hot spots’ capture and visualize the strong disparity between regions and the inability to produce uniform health, through the representation of data mapping. How can we remove these data mapping ‘hot spots’ or even so should we? The overwhelmingly present response sits quite nicely into the realm of direct treatment, treatment is directed to existing patients as the attempt to eradicate the existence of these issues, in result no longer visually present. This response would be prefect, if there was a time freeze. The nature of some health issues blocks planning that directly target the disease, this requires that responses focus is to stop the issue from occurring. This is aim of prevention, however its results are never visible in the present, the response can be. The adoption of a preventive response for issues that have high risk regions can result in hot spots diminishing through targeted planning. What happens when this response becomes physical and spatialized?

HEALTH, WELLBEING

797

798

STASIS

HEALTH, WELLBEING

799

How can we have an ur preventative health infra scale issues that affect

800

STASIS

n urban system of nfrastructures for large ect all regions?

HEALTH, WELLBEING

801

Preventative Infrastructure

Activity Centres

Education Centres

Distribution Areas

Structures that provide constant protection from dangers that are always presence. To reduce the need for the individual to protect themselves

To promote participation in activity that increase the health of individuals through providing space to exercise

Guide and raise awareness of the issues that are affecting individuals health. The access to services that provide information to self-learn and create a road map to help themselves and others around them

Create a service that can delivery items that are required to achieve a decline in health issues. The areas will correspond with other systems

Regional Nodes

Prevention Centres

Communication Upgrade

Statistics Department

The ensure that there is an authority in producing local responses in the region that has a centralization of preventive services and infrastructure

A smaller central unit of information to provide individuals with the resources within the system

Increase of local delivery of the prevention system through communication services that utilizes the existing modes of which this information is delivered to local communities

Specialist department that can deliver information to the system for decisions to be made

Image Source: https://thenounproject.com/

802

STASIS

Network Services

Connection Upgrade

Health Transport

Marketing Infrastructure

Services that are focused on coordinating the prevention of health issues and assuring that all systems are in communication with each other

Increase of accessibility for individuals and the ability for workers to connect with each other from region to region

To increase transport from region to region from physical infrastructure to improve the delivery of the services and goods

To ensure that the message of prevention is displayed in ideal locations and providing the most effective production of creating awareness

Familial Integration

Community Events

Produce activities for preventive measures to be integrated into the family lives and help foster a environment where it is accepted

Encourage participation through events in the community to create a sense of collective unity

Local Services

Ensure that there is resources to individuals on a local level to provide assistance with the prevention system

Support Network

Provide a network that allows for medical practitioners to have access to individuals in a efficient manner

Image Source: https://thenounproject.com/

HEALTH, WELLBEING

803

UNIVERSAL LIFESPAN The dis-unity in the average lifespan through regions in Victoria depicts the habits and services that are higher and lower in different areas. The need to provide adequate responses to large scale health issues, is so the lifespan in areas to have the opportunity to increase. The healthier a region is, the healthy the state will be. The importance of creating a network of systems for common issues allows for a system to be in demand and become well executed.

Premature Mortality

12/20

5/20

Premature deaths could of been avoided

Premature deaths could of been prevented

6/10

1/10

Overweight or obese

5+ alcoholic drinks on any one occasion

1/7 Victorians get sunburnt on the weekends of summer months

Premature deaths could of been treated

1/10 Regular smoker of tobacco

1/3 Victorians donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t get enough exercise that as recommended

In comparison to 1 in 4 teenagers

In comparison to 1 in 2 for adults

https://www.aihw.gov.au/reports/life-expectancy-death/mort-books/contents/mortbooks

804

3/20

STASIS

Proposition 5 The health issues that impact a vast number of a population, have become so, due to common factors present in the population. These common factors tend to be embedded into the social, psychological and biological framework of those affected and are more than a blemish. The issues run incredibly deep and require more than a cosmetic make over. These tendencies have created a routine that focuses on treatment as the default response. The system that has been developed for treatment has physical manifested in a prominent occupier of the urban space. If the concentration on treatment was reversed to prevention how what this change the role of health and its urban system?

HEALTH, WELLBEING

805

806

STASIS

HEALTH, WELLBEING

807

CHAPTER VI:

DEVELOPMENT OF DESIGN INTERVENTIONS

808

STASIS

The process we used for the development of our design interventions included using sub-topics to break down the parts of the propositions. The topics used our own previous research to help inform the project. We then created formal conceptual framework to help aid the direction of the project. This framework included creating a way to view the proposition through different individuals. The topics included: Treatment: Focusing on the journey of treatment through sample profile which give us an understanding of how the healthcare system works. How can we use design to help resolve these issues? Prevention: Focusing on the process of prevention through sample profile which give us an understanding of how prevention in healthcare can be used to create better health. How can we use design to help resolve these issues? Socio-Economic: Focusing on the changes in our environment through sample profile which give us an understanding of how our environment and socio-economic status has an impact on our health and access to healthcare. How can we use design to help resolve these issues? HEALTH, WELLBEING

809

ROAD MAP: Moving forward

Research

TREATMENT

810

Focusing on the journey of treatment through sample profile which give us an understanding of how the healthcare system works. How can we use design to help resolve these issues?

STASIS

PREVE

Focusing on th prevention thr profile which understand prevention in h be used t better health. use design to these is

SOCIO- ECONOMIC

he process of rough sample h give us an ding of how healthcare can to create . How can we o help resolve ssues?

Focusing on the changes in our environment through sample profile which give us an understanding of how our environment and socio economic status has an impact on our health and access to healthcare. How c an we use design to help resolve these issues?

HEALTH, WELLBEING

Synthesis Systhesis

ENTION

811

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK :

Structure to Adaption

The Embedded ‘Cookies’ of Healthcare The structuralisation of health and welling and its relationship with other structures

The Flexibility of H

The adaptable complex na

“HEALTH AND WELLBEING”

812

STASIS

“He an Wellb

The Blurring of ‘Structure’ and ‘Adaption’ The restructuring of healthcare to focus on adaption through a system of alternative tools

Health and Wellbeing

ature of health and wellbeing

ealth nd being”

Health and Wellbeing

HEALTH, WELLBEING

813

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK : Parts to a Healthy Place

Health Status Location

Trearment

Infrastructure

Maryborough

Learning Planning

Prevention

Werribbe

Healthy

place

Systems

Malvern

Hope Barriers

Socio-economic

Status-Quo

There are many parts that create a healthy place. These are just some them and they differ for every area

814

STASIS

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK : Through the Eyes of the Patient

Jennifer

Health Status Location

Talia

Health Status Location

Trearment

Infrastructure

Joseph

Health Status

Trearment

Location

Infrastructure

Trearment

Infrastructure Maryborough

Maryborough Maryborough

Learning Planning

Learning Prevention

Werribbe

Systems

Healthy place

Planning

Prevention

Werribbe

Healthy place

Learning Planning

Systems

Prevention

Werribbe

Healthy place

Systems

Malvern

Malvern Malvern

Hope Barriers Status-Quo

Hope Socio-economic

Barriers

Socio-economic

Status-Quo

Hope Barriers

Socio-economic

Status-Quo

When you create a healthy place it is viewed differently from individuals. This provides a approach to assess if the system is adequate

HEALTH, WELLBEING

815

SAMPLE PROFILES SAMPLE PROFILES: Jennifer

Health Status Unhealthy regular smoker with lung cancer

Career

Active Levels

Full time Warehouse packer

Poorly active with no intentional effort to work out

Age

Income

Female of 37 years of age

Earns $45k annually and relies on public health insurance

Jennifer's profile represents the low-income working citizen. Jennifer's profile is chosen to represent the population suffering with tobacco addiction. 816 Image Source: https://thenounproject.com/

STASIS

SAMPLE PROFILES SAMPLE PROFILES: Talia

Talias profile represents the average working citizen. Talias profile is chosen to represent the population suffering with mental health.

HEALTH, WELLBEING

817 Image Source: https://thenounproject.com/

SAMPLE PROFILES SAMPLE PROFILES: Joseph

Health Status Moderate development of liver failure due to alcoholism

Career

Active Levels

Full-time lawyer

Highly active and exercises daily

Age

Income

Male of 55 years of age

Earns $150k annually and can afford private health insurance

Joseph's profile represents the high income working citizen. Joseph's profile is chosen to represent the population suffering with alcohol addiction. 818 Image Source: https://thenounproject.com/

STASIS

SAMPLE AREAS SAMPLE AREAS: Maryborough to Malvern

Maryborough (Central Goldfields)

The suburb Maryborough (Central Goldfields) was rated as the lowest SES suburb compared to the rest of the state. Correspondingly it was also the area with a low life expectancy at birth with an average of 77 years for male and 82 for women leaving them neither significantly lower than the state average. HEALTH, WELLBEING

819 Image Source: Google Maps

SAMPLE AREAS SAMPLE AREAS: Maryborough to Malvern

Werribee (Wyndham)

The suburb Werribee (Wyndham) was rated as the most average SES suburb neither advantaged nor disadvantaged compared to the rest of the state. Correspondingly it was also the area with the most moderate life expectancy at birth with an average of 80 years for male and 84 for women leaving them neither significantly higher or significantly lower than the state average. Image Source: Google Maps 820

STASIS

SAMPLE AREAS SAMPLE AREAS: Maryborough to Malvern

Malvern (Stonnington)

The suburb Malvern (Stonnington) was rated as one of highest SES suburb compared to the rest of the state. Correspondingly it was also the area with the most high life expectancy at birth with an average of 82 years for male and 86 for women leaving them significantly higher than the state average. HEALTH, WELLBEING

Image Source: Google Maps 821

TREATMENT JOURNEY TREATMENT JOURNEY: Jennifer

1. Book appointment with GP

2. The GP appointment

3. Referral to a Radiographer

4. The waiting period

5. Oncologist appointment

Jennifer books an urgent appointment with her gp after feeling a sharp pain in her lungs. She is unable to see a gp and weekend and must wait 72 hours.

The gp assesses Jennifer condition but is unclear what the diagnosis is and she is referred to get a x-ray .

Jennifer is able to see a psychiatrist at earliest after 2 days. As she has been referred by a gp she is able to have part of her fees covered by medicare.

Jennifer waits 1 week to get the results of the x-ray, the GP calls to say there is lumps in her lungs and will need a CT scan

The CT scan confirms that she has lung cancer and she discusses treatment options with her Local Oncologist

6. Initial surgery

7. Radiation therapy

8. Cancer free

9. Post treatment process

10. Follow up lifestyle

As advised by her Oncologist she must a lung segmentectomy to removal the cancer cells in her lung she will stay in hospital for a week

Jennifer has to has radiation therapy 5 times a week for 4 weeks. Treatment is in Ballarat and is 1 hour drive away

Jennifer is cancer-free a month after radiation therapy and having routine check-ups with her oncologist

Jennifer is in contact with her local oncology nurse to support her during her recovery however she is only available 5 days a fortnight

Jennifer still has routine check-up. She is focusing on improving her health and avoiding smoking. Shes is finding her â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;new normalâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; and is participating a cancer wellness program

PROBLEMS WITH THE SYSTEM: Care to Infrastructure

1- Quality of Care

2- Facility resources

3- Connection to other infrastructure

The availability of healthcare workers is very low and the absence of specialists in regional towns is also a issues for local residents

The existing infrastructure of regional towns can be under resourced and not have the level of care that is quipped with medical instruments needed.

Regional towns are sometimes hours away from the nearness fullequipped medical centre

Looking at the pathway to receiving treatment for Jennifer who has lung cancer and assessing the weaknesses of the system

Image Source: https://thenounproject.com/ 822

STASIS

PROPOSITION PROPOSITION: System and Metropolitan

Quality

Training

Infrastructure

Medical Hubs

Partnership

Connection

Increase the quality of healthcare by being attractive

Incorporate a healthcare training system with the community

Improve facilities that require a necessary update

Creating smaller hubs that specialist in health issues

A joint venture between regional and metro health centres

Have specialist transportation for healthcare

Providing an approach to increase health care workers by offering a range of strategies that can help create a stronger health network for the area

HEALTH, WELLBEING

Image Source: https://thenounproject.com/ 823

PROPOSITION PROPOSITION: Existing Condition

Maryborough (Central Goldfields Shire ) 1 Oncologist Nurse A cancer resource nurse who can support you during the course of your treatment

3 General Practioners Mainly bulk biling GP who, look in more then one clinic

Located 168km of Melbournes CBD there is a current population of 7,921 in an area of 45.5 kmÂ˛. There is a total of 4 health services related to lung cancer available.

Image Source: Google Maps 824

STASIS

PROPOSITION PROPOSITION: OPTIMIZED CONDITION

Maryborough (Central Goldfields Shire )

Maryborough District Health Service

Hospital Partnership

Medical Transport

Healthcare Residence

Specialist Medical Hubs

A focus on the increase of healthcare quality through training and partnerships. Increasing the current services and infrastructure due to demand

HEALTH, WELLBEING

Image Source: https://thenounproject.com/ 825

TREATMENT JOURNEY TREATMENT JOURNEY: Talia

1. Book appointment with GP

2. The GP appointment

3. Referral to a Psychiatrist

4. The waiting period

5. Psychiatrist appointment

Talia books an urgent appointment with her gp after realising she is feeling extreme exhaustion. She is able to see a gp within 24 hours.

The gp assesses Talias condition and initially diagnosis her and refers her to a psychiatrist.

Talia is able to see a psychiatrist at earliest after 10 days. As she has been referred by a gp she is able to have part of her fees covered by medicare.

Talia takes 2 weeks annual leave. In the mean time she seeks help from mental helplines and is advised to self rehabilitation through meditation and relaxation techniques.

During her appointment Talia experienced severe physical symptoms of a nervous breakdown which indicated she was in need of hospitalisation.

6. Voluntary hospitalisation

7. Hospital admission

8. Hospital discharge

9. Post treatment process

10. Follow up lifestyle

As advised by her psychologist she is voluntary admitted into a general hospital psychiatric treatment.

Talia spends 10 days in hospital where she receives stabilisation and treatment for a nervous breakdown

After Talia is discharged she is put on a mental health plan where her mental health is constantly monitored as precaution to prevent another breakdown.

The process after includes monitoring of Talia mental health. She is set up to see her psychologist once a week and is put on prescription.

Talia has been cleared to go to work as she was on constant medication and was coping with personal therapy that was advised by the psychologist.

PROBLEMS WITH THE SYSTEM: Diagnosis to Stay

1- Process of diagnosis

2- Lengthy appointment waiting times

3- Lengthy hospital stay

Lengthy process of diagnosis often means patients patients do not seek help until they reach burn out point

Reflects lack of specialist mental health staff this is also due to the fact that all diagnoses are made clinically through talking to the patients meaning appointments times are longer

Lengthy hospital stays (Vic average 12-16 days) is to ensure treatment plan is followed through with accordingly

This process represents the average process of receiving help for a mental breakdown in Victoria. Through this we can identify the problems with the system.

Image Source: https://thenounproject.com/ 826

STASIS

PROPOSITION PROPOSITION: Architecture and Typology

Connect

Early Detection

Efficient

Blends In

Reduce Stigma

Connects people with local resources etc local therapistâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s

Promote early detection and and assess mental health

Assesses and connects in minutes

Blends in to create welcoming environment

Reduces stigma and promotes wellness

A mental hub which takes on three different sizes to become adaptable. The hub is designed to diagnose and reduce stigma around mental health.

HEALTH, WELLBEING

Image Source: https://thenounproject.com/ 827

PROPOSITION SAMPLE AREAS: Existing condition

7 Psychologists

3 Rehab and treatment centres

3 Mental health wellness centres

3 Counsellors

2 Psychiatrists

Mainly bulk biling psychologists who focus mainly around family therapy

Adult inpatient mental health care at mercy hospital or private clinics

Free health and wellbeing services mainly for young people

Provides Life Supports through flexible appointment times, including after hours, and Medicare rebates

Focus on assessment and management of general adult psychiatric patients

Located 32km of Melbournes CBD there is a current population of 40,345 in an area of 23.8 kmÂ˛. There is a total of 18 mental health services available.

Image Source: Google Maps 828

STASIS

PROPOSITION SAMPLE AREAS: Optimized condition

Mercy Hospital Werribee

Pacific Werribee Shopping Centre

Riverbend Historical Park

Werribee Secondary College

Werribee Town Centre

Due to the design of behavioural kiosks they can flexibly be positioned around the suburb depending on changing needs of the population.

HEALTH, WELLBEING

Image Source: https://thenounproject.com/ 829

TREATMENT JOURNEY TREATMENT JOURNEY: Joseph

1. Book appointment with GP

2. The GP appointment

3. Referral for a Liver function test

4. The waiting period

5. Gastroenterologist appointment

Joseph books an urgent appointment with his GP after realising he is having abdominal swelling. He is able to see a GP within 24 hours.

The GP assesses Josephâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s condition. Joseph is asked to get a blood test to test his liver function

Joseph is able to get a blood test in 1 day. As he has been referred by a GP he is able to have part of her fees covered by medicare.

Joseph waits for 48 hours before he gets his results. His liver functions are elevated and is referred to a Gastroenterologist

Joseph is told to get a liver biopsy as he is diagnosed with Liver Cirrhosis and the biopsy confirms that it is Stage 2. Recommend for Alcohol Rehabilitation Program

6. Alcohol Rehab Program

7. Rehab discharge

8. Psychologist appointment

9. Post recovery process

10. Follow up lifestyle

Joseph is self-referred to a local hospital for 1 month stay that focuses on withdrawal and the rehabilitation phase

Joseph still is enrolled with the hospital with a Aftercare Program with assists in ongoing recovery

Joseph is seeking help for the personal issues that let him to having a substance abuse issue and sees a Psychologist fortnightly for 6 months

The uses of self-treatment has been used for Joseph. He has created a self-care plan that he has work out with his Psychologist

Joseph continues his sobriety and uses the strategies that he has pick up from his treatment

PROBLEMS WITH THE SYSTEM: Self-diagnosis to Process

1- Integration of Self-Diagnosis

2- Utilizing existing resources

3- AlternativeProcess

Common tests to be done at informal medical places to allow for ease of diagnosisâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s

To encourage the use of local services and resources that can aid the recovery of individuals that are shared by the public

Looking into other modes of delivering treatment to a patient to provide for a increase in positive health outcomes

Looking at the pathway to receiving treatment for Joseph who has an alcohol addiction and assessing the weaknesses of the system

Image Source: https://thenounproject.com/ 830

STASIS

PROPOSITION PROPOSITION: System and Metropolitan

Integration

Preserve

Utility

Improvement

Access

Efficient

Self-diagnosis tools to be used in homes

Reduce need for medical facilities

Makes the most use out of existing infrastructure

Increase use of local services through tourlike programs

Use of digital infrastructure for health advice

Use of robots to achieve demanding treatment work

Looking at ways to integrate healthcare into the existing system to provide a better experience and efficiency

HEALTH, WELLBEING

Image Source: https://thenounproject.com/ 831

PROPOSITION PROPOSITION: Existing Condition

Malvern (Stonnington) 3 Gastroenterologist That focuses on hepatology,study of the liver is provided in private clinics

Located 8km of Melbournes CBD there is a current population of 10,066 in an area of 2.9 kmÂ˛. There is a total of 1 location of facilities linked to liver damage.

Image Source: Google Maps 832

STASIS

PROPOSITION PROPOSITION: Optimized Condition

Malvern (Stonnington)

1 Hospital

4 Parks

3 Ovals

8 Fitness Gyms

3 Art Centres

Due to existing infrastructure the integration of these functions can be used to accommodate for liver damage and rehabilitation services that already existed in the community and opportunity for exploration

HEALTH, WELLBEING

Image Source: https://thenounproject.com/ 833

DEMOGRAPHICS DEMOGRAPHICS: Maryborough

Central Goldfields Shire Council Municipal Public Health and Wellbeing Plan 2017-2021 2019 REFRESH

LOW SES + LOW LIFE EXPECTANCY Sample suburb: Maryborough

17% of individuals completed Year 9 or below 48% Work Full time 18% are Labours 69% of individuals drive to work Image Source: https:https://quickstats.censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/ 834 getproduct/census/2016/communityprofile/036?opendocumentau/

STASIS

DEMOGRAPHICS DEMOGRAPHICS: Werribee

Wyndham City Plan 2017-21

MID SES + MID LIFE EXPECTANCY Sample suburb: Werribee

15% of individuals completed Year 12 58% Work Full time 15% are Clerical and Administrative Workers 67% of individuals drive to work

HEALTH, WELLBEING

Image Source: https:https://quickstats.censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/ 835 getproduct/census/2016/communityprofile/036?opendocument.au/

DEMOGRAPHICS DEMOGRAPHICS: Maryborough

Mandarin

9280 0730

Polish

9280 0734

Cantonese

9280 0731

Russian

9280 0735

Greek

9280 0732

Indonesian

9280 0737

Italian

9280 0733

All other languages

9280 0736

Service Centres Stonnington City Centre 311 Glenferrie Road, Malvern Prahran Town Hall Corner Chapel and Greville Streets Depot 293 Tooronga Road, Malvern

Open Monday to Friday, 8.30am to 5pm T 8290 1333 F 9521 2255 PO Box 21, Prahran Victoria 3181 council@stonnington.vic.gov.au stonnington.vic.gov.au

Stonnington Public Health and Wellbeing Plan 2017â&#x20AC;&#x201C;2021

Community Languages Call the Stonnington Community Link, a multilingual telephone information service.

2017â&#x20AC;&#x201C;2021

Stonnington Public Health and Wellbeing Plan HIGH SES + HIGH LIFE EXPECTANCY Sample suburb: Malvern

43% of individuals completed Bachelor degree or above 53% Work Full time 40% are Professionals 62% of individuals drive to work 836 Image Source: https:https://quickstats.censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/ getproduct/census/2016/communityprofile/036?opendocumentau/

STASIS

PREVENTION STRATEGIES

Australiaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Long-term National Health Plan

Victorian Public Health and Wellbeing Plan 2019-2023

PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELLBEING PLAN: State to National Prevention

Reducing injury in the community

Reducing harmful alcohol and drug use

Increase healthy eating

Increase active lifestyle

Reducing tobacorelated harm

National Preventive Health Strategy

Smoking rate

Increase Activity

National Sports Tribunal

2032 Olympics

The State and National health plan tend to focus more specifically on separate things however reducing tobacco use and increasing activity are common

HEALTH, WELLBEING

Image Source: https://thenounproject.com/ 837

PREVENTION STRATEGIES PREVENTION JOURNEY: Jenniferâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Local Council services

1. Healthy Eating and Active Living

1. Supporting mothers

2. Water Intake

3. Fresh Food

2. Mental Wellbeing

5. Training and Support

4. Activity

3. Prevention of Violence Against Women

6. Programs and Events

7. Training and Support

8. Female Friendly facilities

Jennifer's council is focusing on Healthy eating, active living, mental wellbeing and prevention of violence against women

Image Source: https://thenounproject.com/ 838

STASIS

9. Community Events

PREVENTION STRATEGIES PREVENTION JOURNEY: Jenniferâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s State and National services

National Tobacco Campaign

Quitline

Make Smoking History

Cancer Council

Is focused on reducing the smoking rate in Australia to decrease preventable death and disabilities caused by smoking

Is a telephone helpline offering treatment and services for tobacco addition

Focuses on joining community and health services to provide the opportunity to reduce and quit smoking

Raise awareness about the link between tobacco and cancer and campaigns design to reduce the smoking rate

PROBLEMS WITH THE SYSTEM: Demographic to Assistance

1- Eduction Demographic

2- Stagnant Approach

3- Limited access to assistance

Community has a lower than average completion of Year 12 eduction, may require refined communication approach

Still implementing the same approach that was done more then a decade ago

Centralized approached to assistance in smoking cessation which is in the communities local hospital

There is abundance of tobacco addiction campaigns but they tend to be very similar in there approach

HEALTH, WELLBEING

839 Image Source: https://thenounproject.com/

PROPOSITION PROPOSITION: Architecture and Typology

Educate

Prevent

Isolate

Protect

Unacceptable in Society

Make up for lack of anti-smoking awareness in the area

Prevents through education

Prevents smoking through isolating current smokers

Protect the community from exposure to second-hand smoke

Make smoking in the community less acceptable

A smoking kiosk which takes on three different sizes to become adaptable. The kiosk is designed to prevent second hand smoking exposure .

Image Source: https://thenounproject.com/ 840

STASIS

PROPOSITION SAMPLE AREAS: Existing condition

Maryborough District Health Service

Maryborough City Centre

Major Parklands and Gardens

Maryborough Sports and Leisure Centre

Positioned in smoking area clusters which are often located directly outside the non smoking zone.

HEALTH, WELLBEING

Image Source: https://thenounproject.com/ 841

PREVENTION STRATEGIES PREVENTION STRATEGIES: Wyndham City Health Plan

Early Years and Children

Older Adults 65+ Years

Healthy Eating & Physical Activity

Mental Wellbeing

Community Safety

Breastfeeding, child and maternal health checks, developmentally vulnerable children, bullying

Social connections, financial security, wellbeing, assistance with core activities

Vegetable and fruit consumption, takeaway food and sugary drinks consumption, food insecurity, physical activity, walking, obesity, chronic disease

Factors contributing to poor mental wellbeing, social interactions, depression and anxiety, psychological distress, seeking assistance

Serious injuries and fatalities on road, family violence, safety at night

PREVENTION STRATEGIES: State

R U OK Campaign

Pause.Call.Be Heard Campaign

Breathe Apple Watch App

Lifeline Help Line

Headspace

Suicide prevention campaign to inspire and empower people to meaningfully connect with others around them and support anyone struggling with life

Increase safety and prevent suicides on the rails, as well as improve mental health outcomes launched on billboards at selected train stations

Introduces Apple Watch users to guided meditation through sending an alert when unusual personal breathing patterns are detected

Lifeline is a national charity providing all Australians experiencing a personal crisis with access to 24 hour crisis support and suicide prevention services

Headspace Centres around Vic which can help with mental and physical health, alcohol and other drugs, and work and study- free and confidential.

PROBLEMS WITH THE SYSTEM: Action to Misdiagnosis

1- Requires action

2- Short-lived

3- Misdiagnosis

Awareness is not enough to require someone to lead to changes in their behaviour. Raising awareness” is not sufficient enough to deal with the issue

Requires region-specific awareness initiatives to become a permanent fixture of health and social services

Public awareness can lead some people to self-diagnose themselves and attribute their life difficulties to an “illness” they do not fully understand

This process represents the process of preventing mental health issues in Victoria. Through this we can identify the problems with the system.

Image Source: https://thenounproject.com/ 842

STASIS

PROPOSITION PROPOSITION: Precinct and Neighbourhood

Preserve

Efficient

Reaches People

Community Center

Reduce Stigma

Adaptive reuse of gas stations

Prioritize mental and physical wellness

Maximizing the space so that they become places of community

Helps communities to enhance their healthy life

Reduces stigma and promotes mental and physical wellness

A wellness hub which takes on three different sizes to become adaptable. The hub is designed to create a one stop station for your general health needs.

HEALTH, WELLBEING

Image Source: https://thenounproject.com/ 843

PROPOSITION SAMPLE AREAS: Existing condition

Refurbish Existing Stations

Partially Refurbish Existing Stations

Convenience Store

Pop up Kiosk

Recycling petrol stations as cars are relying on electricity instead of gasoline for energy. Maximizing these spaces so that they become places of community.

Image Source: https://thenounproject.com/ 844

STASIS

PREVENTION STRATEGIES PREVENTION JOURNEY: Josephâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Local Council services

1.Active and Healthy Lifestyle

1. Active Transport

2.Healthy nutritional choices

3.Physical Activity

4.Active and Healthy Built Environment

5.Local Health services

2.Community Safety

6.Safe public spaces

7.Councilâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s statutory role

8.Integrated community safety

9.Community Resilience

3.Vulnerable Communities

10.Aging community

11. Health inequalities

12. Marginalized residents

13. Culturally diverse communities

4.Harmful Alcohol and other Drug use

15. Alcohol Harm friendly places.

16. Smoke Free environment

14. Social and wellbeing of young people

5.Violence and Injury

17. Pharmaceutical partnership

18. Violence -prevention

19. Gender equity

20. Injury reduction

Joseph's Local Council is focusing on active and healthy lifestyle, community safety, vulnerable communities, harmful alcohol and other drug use, violence and injury

HEALTH, WELLBEING

Image Source: https://thenounproject.com/ 845

PREVENTION STRATEGIES PREVENTION JOURNEY: Joseph’s State and National services

National Alcohol Campaign

DrinkWise

Cancer Council Victoria

FARE

To prevent and minimise alcohol-related harm among individuals , families and communities

Established by the alcohol industry and primary focuses on a healthier and safer drinking culture

Raise awareness about the link between alcohol and cancer and attempted to counter-act the promotion of alcohol

Stop the harms of alcohol by supporting research, raising public awareness and advocating for changes to alcohol policies

PROBLEMS WITH THE SYSTEM: Eduction to Promotion

1-Formal Eduction

2- Embedded Culture

3- Heavily Promoted

Compulsory Eduction ends when individuals are young and before many are drinking age

Part of the ‘Australian Identity’ that has been from over the century and is considered a social norm

The message of promotion heavily outweights to message of prevention and is public endorsed

This process represents the process of preventing alcohol abuse in Victoria. Through this we can identify the problems with the system.

Image Source: https://thenounproject.com/ 846

STASIS

PROPOSITION PROPOSITION: System and Metropolitan

Distractions

Extraction

Variation

Counter-act

Eduction

Activity

Encouragement of activities that are alcohol-free

Provide resources for to provide frustration and impatience

Variation of space sizes to avoid unwanted confrontation

Promotion of healthy â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;funâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; near alcohol venues

Created informal awareness spaces

Requires skills that alcohol reduces

Looking at ways to reduce injury and violence that is caused by alchol abuse, also providing a safer environment

HEALTH, WELLBEING

847

PROPOSITION PROPOSITION: System and Metropolitan

Maryborough (Central Goldfields Shire )

6 Bottle Shops

11 Bars

2 Pubs

1 Addiction treatment center

Counter-act the placement of alcohol-related infrastructure with an alternative message that focuses on the prevention of alcohol-related issues Image Source: https://thenounproject.com/ 848

STASIS

HEALTH, WELLBEING

849

CHAPTER VII:

FINAL DESIGN INVENTIONS

850

STASIS

The final set of design intervention focuses on viewing health and wellbeing through the topics of centralization, socio-economic determinants, treatment and prevention. Our understanding of health and wellbeing is one that thinks there is a sense of duality in topic, one that that is natural and one that is artificial. The natural aspect of health and wellbeing is something that is adaptable and ever-changing it adapts to the internal and external environment. However, the artificial nature is the opposite, it is something that is heavily structuralized and rigid and at the moment is not designed to change quickly. Through looking at a set of key questions that where embedded into our understanding of the topic we attempted to see if these questions changed depending on location and the status of the area, we found that most health issues are common to all areas, so we chose a prototypical location. The propositions attempt to attach to the existing health care systems through connection but are unorthodox in typology in the hope to expand the healthcare network to reach a wider population. HEALTH, WELLBEING

851

UNORTHODOX

LENS

A bridging of a structuralized health system with the search for novel interventions

Class A: Attachment

1. What is a Healthy Place

Wellness Kiosk

Class B:Moveability

2. 3 Different suburbs

Smoker Kiosk

3.Existing Werribee

Wellbeing Station

4. An Alternative Scale

MyKiosk

5.Class A and Class B

Promo-health

6. A Healthy Werribee

Health Journey

Jerome Peredo Nour El-Leissy

â&#x20AC;&#x153;This Project is titled An Unorthodox Lens: A bridging of a structuralized health system with the search for novel interventions

852

STASIS

UNORTHODOX

LENS

A bridging of a structuralized health system with the search for novel interventions

Class A: Attachment

1. What is a Healthy Place

Class B:Moveability

2. 3 Different suburbs

MyKiosk

HEALTH AND WELLBEING Promo-health 3.Existing Werribee

Health Journey

4. An Alternative Scale

5.Class A and Class B

6. A Healthy Werribee

“Health and wellbeing is a topic that is heavily nested into the natural framework of society it has become attached to artificial structures and systems”

HEALTH, WELLBEING

853

UNORTHODOX

LENS

A bridging of a structuralized health system with the search for novel interventions

Class A: Attachment

1. What is a Healthy Place

Class B:Moveability

2. 3 Different suburbs

MyKiosk

DECENTRALISATION Promo-health 3.Existing Werribee

Health Journey

4. An Alternative Scale

5.Class A and Class B

6. A Healthy Werribee

“The health system has become centralized in areas of knowledge, spatial locations and architectural typology”

854

STASIS

UNORTHODOX

LENS

A bridging of a structuralized health system with the search for novel interventions

Class A: Attachment

1. What is a Healthy Place

Class B:Moveability

2. 3 Different suburbs

MyKiosk

SOCIO-ECONOMIC Promo-health 3.Existing Werribee

Health Journey

4. An Alternative Scale

5.Class A and Class B

6. A Healthy Werribee

“The healthcare system is influenced by factors that are foreign to health such as the socio-economic status of an individual or community”

HEALTH, WELLBEING

855

UNORTHODOX

LENS

A bridging of a structuralized health system with the search for novel interventions

Class A: Attachment

1. What is a Healthy Place

MyKiosk

TREATMENT VS PREVENTION Class B:Moveability Promo-health 2. 3 Different suburbs

3.Existing Werribee

Health Journey

4. An Alternative Scale

5.Class A and Class B

6. A Healthy Werribee

“The healthcare system is centralized towards a treatment oriented approach neglecting the resources to develop prevention strategies ”

856

STASIS

UNORTHODOX

LENS

What if healthcare facilities were broken down and redistributed to be A bridging of a structuralized health system with the search for novel interventions equal for all regions? 1. What is a Healthy Place Class Attachment What A: if large scale healthcare mainly respondedMyKiosk to the health status of the area? 2. 3 Different suburbs Class B:Moveability Promo-health

How can we break the socio-economic determinants of health 3.Existing Werribee Health Journey issues? 4. An Alternative Scale What if urban design utilities preventative health infrastructures in high risk regions? 5.Class A and Class B

How can we have an urban system of preventative health 6. A Healthy Werribee infrastructures for large scale issues that affect all regions?

â&#x20AC;&#x153;Mid-Semester lead to the questions ofâ&#x20AC;?

HEALTH, WELLBEING

857

THREE DIFFERENT SUBURBS : Maryborough

Health Services

Parks and Recreation Services

Major Network Services

Minor Network Service

“Maryborough has an extremely lower than state average socio-economic status and life expectancy”

858

STASIS

THREE DIFFERENT SUBURBS :

Werribee

Health Services

Parks and Recreation Services

Major Network Services

Minor Network Service

“Werribee has a state average socio-economic status and low life expectancy”

HEALTH, WELLBEING

859

THREE DIFFERENT SUBURBS :

Malvern

Health Services

Parks and Recreation Services

Major Network Services

Minor Network Service

“Malvern has an extremely higher than state average socio-economic status and life expectancy”

860

STASIS

THREE DIFFERENT SUBURBS : In

Comparison

Health Services

Parks and Recreation Services

Major Network Services

Minor Network Service

Maryborough

Werribee

Malvern

â&#x20AC;&#x153;By comparison of this different suburbs it highlighted the link between the status and healthcare system of area but also the large disparity of the circulation network which raised the issues of why there is uniformity for healthcare for this areas considering how different they are â&#x20AC;?

HEALTH, WELLBEING

861

Recreational Parks 10x

Gyms 14x

Mental Health Services 11x

Specialist Room 3x

General Clinic 6x

Super Clinic 4x

St Vincent Hospital

“We’ve chosen Werribee as our sample suburb as it is ranked the most average suburb in Melbourne therefore making it easier to test on and apply to other suburbs . On this scale we have identified the range of mental and physical services available in Werribee. ”

862

STASIS

Mercy Hospital Cluster

Existing

Health items

Equipment

Specialist Room

General Clinic

Super Clinic

Mercy Hospital

Optimized Alternative XS

Class A Class B Wellness Kiosk Self-Diagnosis Machine

Smoker Kiosk

Wellbeing Station

Health Tent

Integrated Transport

â&#x20AC;&#x153;We then went on to compare the existing to our proposition to ensure we are filling in the gaps with the current healthcare system.â&#x20AC;?

HEALTH, WELLBEING

863

Class A: Wellness Kiosk

Attachment

Smoker Kiosk Wellbeing Station

864

STASIS

Test for:

Class A: Mental Health Wellness Kiosk

Wellbeing

mental wellness service that can instantly

-Assessment of mental health

diagnosis the mental health status of a patient through a

-Information on mental health disorder -Overview of the signs and symptoms

brief series of question

-Resources for quality treatment options

which will provide them with results and recom-

Treat with:

mendations for next steps

-Telehealth

which will treat the patient through providing links to

- Helplines/ chats -Medical Referral -Education Resources

PAVILLION

KIOSK

STAND

healthcare professionals telehealth and information about their mental health report

â&#x20AC;&#x153;As a response to the lack of accessibility in mental health services we designed a kiosk which works to fill this gap. Ideally this would work in three forms. At the largest form it works as a community hub pavilion with a variety of spaces from screening to socialising. At its smallest and basic form it works to screen and diagnose patients as well as connecting them with relevant servicesâ&#x20AC;?

HEALTH, WELLBEING

865

HAVE YOU TRIED OUR

CALM ZONE

74% OF AUSTRALIANS WITH MENTAL ILLNESS EXPERIENCE STIGMA

45% OF AUSTRALIANS WILL EXPERIENCE A MENTAL ILLNESS IN THEIR LIFETIME

65% OF AUSTRALIANS DO NOT HAVE ACCESS TO MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES

SCREENING AWARENESS EDUCATES REDUCES STIGMA INCREASES ACCESS

0800 58 58 58

THECALMZONE.NET/ WEBCHAT

24HRS/ 7 DAYS A WEEK FREE CONFIDENTIAL ANONYMOUS

“We are attempting to reduce the stigma around mental health through flooding the urban area with these forms”

866

STASIS

E SHOPP

IN CE

BEE

M E DI

L CL

NTRE

UST

R PA

E C R E AT I

RRIBE WE E

CITY CENT

TER

DICAL C

RIBEE SC

RIBEE

UARE

CENTR

R E PA-

Y IT

Psychologists Clinics

“Due to the mobility of these structures they can be placed and moved around as required”

HEALTH, WELLBEING

867

Test for:

Class A: Smokers Isolation Kiosk

Wellbeing

mental wellness service that can instantly

-Assessment of mental health

diagnosis the mental health status of a patient through a

-Information on mental health disorder -Overview of the signs and symptoms

brief series of question

-Resources for quality treatment options

which will provide them with results and recom-

Treat with:

mendations for next steps

-Telehealth

which will treat the patient through providing links to

- Helplines/ chats -Medical Referral

SMOKERS SHELTER

SMOKERS ROOM

SMOKERS PAVILLION

-Education Resources

healthcare professionals telehealth and information about their mental health report

â&#x20AC;&#x153;The smokers hub is designed to isolate smokers and reduce the risk of second hand smokingâ&#x20AC;?

868

STASIS

S TO P S M O K I N G START REPAIRING Reduces Influence

Reduces Pressure

44% of people smoke due to

reducesd peer influence which doubles smoking risk for adolescents

surrounding influence

Lorem ipsum

Aids

Isolates

68% of people attempt to

Cigarette tax only reduces smoking by %5

quit and fail mainly due to social reasons

Protects

Discourages

1,714 Australians die each

Reduces the appeal of smoking environments/ products

year due to second hand smoking

EVERY CIGARETTE YOU DONT SMOKE

IS DOING YOU GOOD

“Through this kiosk we can attempt to reduce the influence of smoking and reduce the pressure of social smoking”

HEALTH, WELLBEING

869

“An example of where this would be effective is outside train stations”

870

STASIS

MOVING TOWARDS A HEALTHIER CITY WHAT DOES SMOKING COST THE AUSTRALIAN COMMUNITY? In Australia, around 12% of people smoke every day

THAT’S 2.4 MILLION PEOPLE

90%

Most of whom whish that they’d never started...

of people who start smoking regret it or want to quit

The cost of tobacco to smokers is $5.5 billion SMOKING KILLS around

That’s equivalent to 54 preventable deaths every day

20,000 PEOPLE each year in Australia

Smoking leads to at least

46 MEDICAL CONDITIONS requiring treatment and care

Primary healthcare treatment $1.5 billion

Inpatient hospital treatment $1.5 billion

Pharmacy medications $451 million

Ambulance and ED treatment $453 million

Outpatient treatment $289 million

Smoking cessation medications $153 million

Family care $2.0 billion

Residential care $420 million

The cost of healthcare due to smoking is $6.8 billion Other tangible costs of smoking amounts to $7.0 billion

Premature death $1.8 billion

Workplace costs $5.0 billion

Smoking fire damage $81 million

Smoking litter removal $73 million

THE TOTAL COST OF SMOKING IN AUSTRALIA IS $136.9 BILLION

“Through reducing the number of people smoking we can reduce the 54 preventable deaths which occur each day due to smoking”

HEALTH, WELLBEING

871

RIBEE S

ER W

L CLUSTE R

E CITY C

E RE

K RI

SQUAR

A L K N AT RW IO

Non-smoking areas

“Although strict regulations have been put in place to prevent public smoking this isn’t necessarily proven to be effective as we end up with clusters of people smoking on the boundaries of these zones. We are proposing to place the kiosk in these areas"

872

R PA

C R E AT E RE IO

WERRIBEE

ING CENT

PA CI F

STASIS

Class A: Wellness station

Prevent: Unhealthy lives

physical and mental wellness service that can prevent unhealthy lifestyles. Positioned at busy

-Crossfit Fix -The Calm Zone - Community Hub

intersections

-Weekly Farm share

across the nation ensures that a venue to

- Headspace -Yoga Studios

burn calories or consume a healthy meal

- Herb Gardens -Rooftop Jogging Tracks

Creates:

CORNER STORE

PARTIALLY TAKES OVER

REPLACES ABANDONED STATION

-Community Hubs

is never more than just a quick drive away. It becomes a place for

community fitness hubs

- Fitness Centers -Meditation Centres

where people can prioritize their mental and

-Educational Resources

physical wellness

“The wellness station creates a place for people to recharge both mentally and physically”

HEALTH, WELLBEING

873

wellness station

your wellness centre for affordable health and wellbeing services

BEST FITNESS CENTRE HERE! Cardio Class Zumba Aerobics Yoga

$5.50 $7.00 $5.50 $9.00

Boxing Pilates Body Balance Cycle

$3.00 $8.50 $4.50 $7.00

MOVING TOWARDS A HEALTHIER CITY putting your health at the forefront of your life +easy to get to +rapid consultations +improve health behaviors +reduce elevated health risks +reduce health care costs +one-stop community center

SCREENING AWARENESS EDUCATES SOCIALIZING

(03) 9974 0074

classes also available in 15 minute sessions Fitness classes help reduce depression and anxiety while improving overall health status

289 Greaves St N, Werribee VIC 3030

“It becomes a community hub of its own where people can gain access to healthy food, exercise and mental wellbeing all in one place”

874

STASIS

â&#x20AC;&#x153;The station replaces the traditional petrol station as the city moves towards using electric cars. Instead of replace these blocks with fast food chains we are proposing a sustainable solution to the rising number of abandoned stationsâ&#x20AC;?

HEALTH, WELLBEING

875

LY R E N O

VA T

LY R E N O VAT

TIA

L LY R E N O VA TE

E N AT I O ST

IAL

IST I

O EX

ETE

TION STA

ADDED T

VA T M

E LY R E N O

“As mentioned these stations are located at existing petrol stations which is located at prime estate targeting the busiest intersections in the suburb”

876

STASIS

VA T TION S TA

TION S TA

LY R E N O

ETE

IST IN G

S TO

N AT I O ST ES

Class B: Move-ability

MyKiosk Promo-health Health Journey

HEALTH, WELLBEING

877

Test for:

medical service

Self-Diagnosis Medical

General Health

that can instantly

-Body Temperature

diagnosis the health of a patient through its

-Heart Rate -Blood Pressure -Weight

Specific Health

I MIGHT HAVE TO SEE A DOCTOR A. SPIROMETER

B. BREATH ANALYSER

C. BLOOD PRESSURE MONITER

-Hearing -Fat Percentage -Blood Oxygen Level

Treat with:

Providing an alternative for your health check-up’s, oh and its in one location

-Medicine -Telehealth

which will treat the patient by either using its

medicine dispensary, urgent telehealth function, referral to health practitioner services, information about their health report or a combination of these services

-Medical Referral -Education Resources

“A transportable medical service that can instantly diagnosis the health of a patient and create a health report to treat and connect the patient”

878

that can create a

health report

-BMI -Vision

built-in testing equipment

STASIS

DAY PROCEDURE CENTRES IN VICTORIA

PRIVATE HOSPITALS IN VICTORIA

PUBLIC HOSPITALS IN VICTORIA

“And responses to issues with GP waiting times and availability while retaining a large scope of health services and the connection to the health system, like a ATM but for health”

HEALTH, WELLBEING

879

PATIENT ALung Cancer

PATIENT BAnxiety

1.Use Medical Kiosk 2. Referral to a Radiographer

1.Use Medical Kiosk

A. SPIROMETER

4. Initial surgery

2. Gastroenterologist appointment

3. Psychiatrist appointment

3. Alcohol Rehab Program

B. BREATH ANALYSER

C. BLOOD PRESSURE MONITER

4. Rehab discharge

5. Hospital admission PU

8. Follow up with Medical Kiosk

2. Referral to a Psychiatrist

4. Voluntary hospitalisation

5. Radiation therapy

7. Post treatment process

1.Use Medical Kiosk

I MIGHT HAVE TO SEE A DOCTOR

3. Oncologist appointment

6. Cancer free

PATIENT CLiver Failure

5.Post treatment process PU

6. Hospital discharge 7. Post hospitalisation process up with Medical Kiosk Providing8. Follow an alternative for your health check-up’s, oh and its in one location

6. Psychologist appointment 7. Post recovery process 8. Follow up with Medical Kiosk

“The general services can provide a targeted pathway for patients to be diagnosed, treated, educated and connected”

880

STASIS

myKiosk PROMOHEALTH “And can be implemented in Stages, first by attachment to health services to create legitimacy and then to other activities”

HEALTH, WELLBEING

881

myKiosk

Rosella Ave Shopping Centre

Patient Name: Patient Address D.O.B: Medicare No.: Kiosk Reference: Date Tested:

Shopping Centres

Work Places

Transport

Infrastructure

Eduction

Activity

Encouragement of activities that are alcohol-free

Provide resources for to provide frustration and impatience

Variation of space sizes to avoid unwanted

Can be use to act as a catalyst for more health services

Can be used in a group as a eduction tool

Can be use in events to provide health services

Taha,Joseph 5A Spring Rd, Malvern, 3144 15/07/1965 3517843834 575839249-J-J800 21/10/2020

Clinical Notes:

Elevated Liver function, Gastroenterologist referral

S SODIUM S POTASSIUM S CHLORIDE S BICARD S UREA S CREAT S T-BILL S ALP S GGT S ALT S AST S T-PROTEIN S ALBUMIN S GLOBULIN

141 4.5 101 26 2.6 L 83 18 261 H 201 H 397 H 158 H 81 42 39

“It is located in highly accessible locations such as shopping centers, public transport, workplaces and schools”

882

STASIS

iosk

myK

tre Cen 4 pping Sho rn, 314 seph , Malve a,Jo Rd Tah ing : Spr 5 Namess 5A 07/196 4 ient Pat t Addre.B: 15/ 784383 -J-J800 351 249 ien D.O 839 n, Pat No.: 575 2020 ctio er fun referral dicare ence: 21/10/ Me fer ted: ed Liv logist sk Re Elevat entero Kio Date Tes : Gastro Notes al Clinic 141 M 4.5 DIU S SO SSIUM 101 E TA 26 L S PO LORID D S CH BICAREA 2.6 S 83 S UR T 18 H EA S CR ILL 261 H S T-B ALP 201 H S T S GG T 397 H S AL T 158 81 S AS TEINN 42 RO S T-P BUMI IN 39 S AL UL OB S GL

a Ave

Rosell

“Which provides a connection to individuals through reports, reminders and education”

HEALTH, WELLBEING

883

R U OK? Samsung

FARE

RMIT Uni

Health and Wellness Exhibition 1 R U OK? 2 P.C.B.H 3 Breathe 4 Lifeline 5 Headspace 6 Apple 7 EnGeneIC 8 Nanosonics 9 AbbeVie 10 Samsung 11 HealX 12 N.A.C 13 C.C 14 FARE 15 A.A 16 Carers Vic 17 Parentline 18 Vic Health 19 Sonic

20 Epworth 21 Eastern Health 22 Chemist Warehouse 23 Networking Health 24 Western Health 25 WHV 26 Austin Health 27 Monash Uni 28 RMH 29 RMIT Uni 30 Bio Research 31 Wyndham Council 32 Werribee Health 33 DHHS 34 Promo-health 35 Weekend Hikes 37 AusKick

Chemist Warehouse

Treatment

Addiction and Rehabilitation

Prevention 15

Mental Health

Health Care

Socio-economic

Support Groups

21 26

General Health

Future of Health Health Events and Activities

Technology

34 Suburb Information

Western Health DHHS

Vic Health Headspace

AusKick

Wyndham Council

Nanosonics

“A health awareness service that operates through a temporary exhibition that is arranged to be targeted to the health issues of the hosting location”

884

STASIS

healt

Faste r co emer nstructio n gency clinic for s

Simp le preve adaption ntive scree of ns

U N I V E R S A L V S P R I V A T E

QUANTITY VS QUALITY

Partit io

ns Light

GI RE

Cost of 30 Ovals in Knox

O N

s ea Ar

_Reduce smoking-related harm and denormalise smoking behaviours through ongoing support and modernisation of tobacco control regulation in Victoria. _Support smokers to quit through greater access to and uptake of smoking cessation

THOMAS EMBLING HOSPITAL 100 """ """" s r'"e"" e"t

50 om

Kil

0 I!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

LOCATION: FAIRFIELD

high-security forensic mental health hospital

Increasing healthy eating Improve quality of foods and drinks to keep them healthy _Accelerating the implementation of healthy food supply policies in all key public settings

system allows the inmates to graduate from supervised walks within the grounds to unescorted visits to public locations.

FIL

nif

_ Implementing initiatives and approaches supporting healthier lifestyles and habits Ca

Wa Full re tim h pa ous e ck e er

Ag Fe e ye male ars of of 3 ag 7 e

alt

Sta

re U wit gu nhe h lar alth lu sm y ng o ca ke nc r er

s ea Ar

Amount of preventable strokes in the Knox it’ll take to fund

s res ist n l D nsio a c gi rte olo ype ch sy d H h P an

6 Years

Pancreatic cancer

ity tiv ac ty l In esi ica Ob s hy nd hP a

Strokes to fund the project

Other ill-defined causes

TI MA

Cost of preventable strokes in Knox per year

430

Population of City of Knox

Cost of preventable strokes per 100,000

Reducing tobacco-related harm Decrease the risk of many illnesses including lung

S P E C I A L I S T H O S P I TA L S

P $6,480,000

_ Increase the proportion of transport trips that use active

O Strokes aged 25 and over that are preventable

Strokes aged 25 and over

$4,050,000

In comparison to 1 in 2 for adults

_Increase easy access to parks, open spaces and public spaces with opportunities for physical activity where appropriate and increase participation in sport and active recreation activities

In comparison to 1 in 4 teenagers

1/3 Victorians don’t get enough exercise that is recommended

1/7 Victorians get sunburnt on the weekends of summer months

Increasing active living Improve the risk of ill health and all-cause mortality

Liver cancer

2019-2023 PLAN

Regular smoker of tobacco

5+ alcoholic drinks on any one occasion

PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELLBEING

Kidney failure

1/10

Overweight or obese

onia

Premature deaths could of been treated

6/10

Premature deaths could of been prevented

...

Premature deaths could of been avoided

3 /20

c A U S E S O F D E A T H

OF DEATH 2014-2018: I-P

5 /20

S AL PIT

n tio ca -lo iven n r ed ter nd-d t-pla s u Cl ema den D pen e Ind

12/20

E AT RIV

Your Health Community’s Status

P L:

S HO

WHERE DOES THE ‘BUILT ENVIRONMENT’ STOP?

tiv

Po Le no orl ve eff in y ac ls ort ten tiv to tion e w wo al ith rk ou t

e E a arn o nnu s $ in n pu ally 45k su b a ra lic nd nc h re e ea li lth es

Hi s ea Ar ic om ng n o i -Ec ok cio Sm So and w o L

N 3

“That provides opportunity for the community to become informed about the health status of the area and in relation to others”

HEALTH, WELLBEING

885

WHERE ELSE ARE WE?

Health Festival

Virtual Exhibition

Open Eduction

“It maintains a tailored awareness service through different platforms through festivals, classes and virtual experiences”

886

STASIS

â&#x20AC;&#x153;And prioritizes accessibility to a large audience over formality and institutionalization of health awareness through encouraging innovationâ&#x20AC;?

HEALTH, WELLBEING

887

Events

Programs

Exhibitions

Can create a community gathering

Be used as a learning environment

Used to showcase content

Parks and Recreation

Schools

Sporting facilities

Provide shading for outdoor events

Uses the existing community for promotion

Uses existing healthy infrastructure

PROMO-HEATLTH

WHAT WE DO and where we

â&#x20AC;&#x153;Physically located in local gathering areas such as schools, sporting facilities and parks and recreation spotsâ&#x20AC;?

888

STASIS

PR O

LTH

PROMO-HEA

H EA L T H OWERR

WERRIBEE 202

IBEE 2020

PROMO-HEALTH WERRIBEE 2020

LTH

EA O-H

PRO

Jerome Peredo Nour El-Leissy

E 20

RIBE

WER

PROMO-HEATLTH

ABOUT

T OGIS HOL S PSYC STEVEN E KAT

WHAT WE DO

Events

Programs

Can create a community gathering

Be used as a learning environment

Exhibitions Used to showcase content

Parks and Recreation

Schools

Sporting facilities

Provide shading for outdoor events

Uses the existing community for promotion

Uses existing healthy infrastructure

“And provides an experience that continues after the event through mementoes, information and virtual connection to help grow individual’s health awareness ”

HEALTH, WELLBEING

889

History of Medical Trains Booking Process

â&#x20AC;&#x153;An integrated health transport system that draws on the past use of medical trains to provide a contemporary technological equipped variantâ&#x20AC;?

890

STASIS

â&#x20AC;&#x153;That responses to the risk associated with sedentary lifestyle that is attached to train commuting and has an opportunity to maximize healthcare efficiencyâ&#x20AC;?

HEALTH, WELLBEING

891

Type of Carriages View of Experience

Normal Carriage

Waiting Carriage

Medical Carriage

Existing infrastructure operation unchanged

EXAMPLE

To be populated with health infrastructure

Designated waiting area for the next available machine

NORMAL

WAITING ROOM

INTEGRATED MACHINES

â&#x20AC;&#x153;It uses transport carriages to create a traditional GP experience with treating and waiting areas providing an informative and awareness-raising environmentâ&#x20AC;?

892

STASIS

45 MINS

IS ALL YO U NEED !

45 MINS

IS ALL YOU NEED!

“Benefits communities that have a commute duration of 45+ minutes, covering the longest of common health consultations”

HEALTH, WELLBEING

893

About the Service

Integration

Organization

Adaptable

Can be implemented into the existed transport network

Can aid the understanding of demand through booking

Can be customize due to the demographics of the area

Connection

Awareness

Funding

Provide access to health services in the area

Create a better understanding of health in the area

Increase funding of the rail network through health

â&#x20AC;&#x153;And located at train stations and integrated with the virtual health networkâ&#x20AC;?

894

myKiosk

Rosella Ave Shopping Centre

Patient Name: Patient Address D.O.B: Medicare No.: Kiosk Reference: Date Tested:

Taha,Joseph 5A Spring Rd, Malvern, 3144 15/07/1965 3517843834 575839249-J-J800 21/10/2020

Clinical Notes:

Elevated Liver function, Gastroenterologist referral

S SODIUM S POTASSIUM S CHLORIDE S BICARD S UREA S CREAT S T-BILL S ALP S GGT S ALT S AST S T-PROTEIN S ALBUMIN S GLOBULIN

141 4.5 101 26 2.6 L 83 18 261 H 201 H 397 H 158 H 81 42 39

“Provides the opportunity to virtual connect to local health practitioners before a physical consultation is required creating a health connection ”

HEALTH, WELLBEING

895

OPTIMIZED CONDITION: Werribee

“We then chose two locations to demonstrate how our propositions would work”

896

OPTIMIZED CONDITION: Werribee

Medical Cluster

Mercy Hospital Werribee Smokers Shelter

Location: Outside hospital to provide a space for smokers away from the public

Werribee Private Medical Centre

Calm Zone (Screening + Socializing)

Hoppers Lane Pharmacy Select + General Practice

Location: Outside emergency department to provide a space for patients to cope with emotions

Werribee Mercy Hospital Calm Zone Kiosk (Screening) Location: Inside pharmacy to help connect patients to extra services

Wyndham Clinic Private Hospital

Calm Zone Kiosk (Screening) Location: Outpatient clinic to help connect patients to extra services

Werribee Mercy Hospital Outpatient Clinics

Self Diagnosis Machine

Location: Outside hospital to help reduce unnecessary appointments

St Vincent's Private Hospital Werribee

Specialist Clinic Dr. David O'Neal Smokers Room

Location: Between two universities to provide a space for smokers away from the public

Melbourne Clinical School Calm Zone Hub

Location: Between two universities to provide a space for people and students regulate their emotions

â&#x20AC;&#x153;The first works along with the existing medical cluster to demonstrate the ways in which our proposition fills in the gapsâ&#x20AC;?

HEALTH, WELLBEING

897

OPTIMIZED CONDITION: Werribee

City Center

Smokers Shelter

Location: Outside train station to provide a space for smokers away from the public

Smokers Room

Location: City centre square to provide a space for smokers away from the public

Health Tent

Location: Werribee park to provide a space to connect and educate people about health services

Calm Zone Kiosk (Screening) Location: Inside youth center to help connect patients to extra services

Self Diagnosis Machine

Location: Outside hospital to help reduce unnecessary appointments

Calm Zone Hub

Location: Werribee park to provide a space for the community to meet and regulate their emotions

Smokers Shelter

Location: City centre to provide a space for smokers away from the public

â&#x20AC;&#x153;At the second scale we demonstrate how it folds out in the city centre to show how these spaces would function alone. At maximum potential they work to create a healthy city through creating decentralizing healthcare fragments which can be rapidly distributed as neededâ&#x20AC;?

898

HEALTH, WELLBEING

899

900

AARON ROBINSON / ANNE EBERY

LEISURE, AMENITY

901

902

CONTENTS PART 1: RESEARCH 904 PART 2: PROPOSITION 936

LEISURE, AMENITY

903

Leisure is what we do with our time when we’re not doing everything else. Unlike its more structured sibling, Recreation - whose polo matches and piano lessons were inaccessible outside the circles of the ultra-rich until the industrial revolution – everyone has a bit of time for leisure. It’s a universal characteristic of human lives, but it’s no equalizer: huge differences of access, habit and preference exist across class, gender and culture. The Australian government, when it comes to leisure, tends to fund the prestigious and quantifiable, leaving the rest to sort itself out on its own. A mismatch exists between the leisure activities enagaged in by the most Australians and what is championed by government. Seen as less critical, the funding of built environments for leisure are harder to argue for, and tend to cluster at the heart of cities with their critical mass of people and wealth.

904

In this way, leisure is tied to amenity, and amenity tied to good health, good wealth and good wellbeing. These are the factors that make for good communities and good cities; without leisure the city starves itself of the regenerating essence that makes us human. The Australian dream is built entirely around this notion of leisure being the catalyst for a good community. The 8 hour workday was introduced as a measure of time that can incorporate a solid home, work and rest balance â&#x20AC;&#x201C; being 8 hours of work, 8 hours of leisure and 8 hours of rest. This equilibrium needs to be readdressed within our cities as currently long commutes, lack of access to green or public spaces and isolation characterise neighbourhoods with decreased amenity, and cut into residentsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; access to leisure and recreation.

LEISURE, AMENITY

905

LEISURE: WHO GETS WHAT

906

LEISURE: WHAT WE DO IN THE MARGINS

LEISURE, AMENITY

907

908

LEISURE, AMENITY

909

PUBLIC SPACE/LEISURE CENTRE TYPOLOGIES

910

PUBLIC SPACE/LEISURE CENTRE TYPOLOGIES

LEISURE, AMENITY

911

PUBLIC SPACE/LEISURE CENTRE TYPOLOGIES

912

PUBLIC SPACE/LEISURE CENTRE TYPOLOGIES

LEISURE, AMENITY

913

2020:

COVID-19 AND ITS EFFECTS ON LEISURE AND AMENITY IN VICTORIA

914

LEISURE, AMENITY

915

916

SOUTH YARRA AND LYNDHURST A TALE OF TWO SUBURBS According to Domain.com, online repositoryof several tomes’ worth of information about where you should live in Australia and why, South Yarra is Melbourne’s most liveable suburb. South Yarra is located just to the South East of Melbourne’s CBD, bounded by the botanic gardens to the West and the Yarra river to the North. Melbourne itself is no stranger to liveability rankings; in British news magazine The Economist’s Intelligence Unit’s yearly contest, Melbourne has been liveability laureate for 8 of the past 10 years. Liveability rankings are interesting as much because they reveal the preferences and values of the groups who create them as for what they tell us about the places ranked. Critics have noted that mostly speaking English tends to correlate pretty strongly with liveability in the eyes of the Economist Intelligence Unit. Domain’s suburb ranking looks at factors like crime rate, average commute times, proliferation of cafes, and access to public transport. At the bottom of Domain’s list, the suburb of Lyndhurst, about 35km South of Melbourne’s CBD, scored poorly in most categories besides traffic congestion. Yet residents may be surprised to learn about their subrb’s poor ranking. They may have chosen it for its affordability, the awardwinning wetlands development that runs through the middle of the suburb, its open space, or its proximity to Dandenong City. This project is interested in examining the contrasts between Lyndhurst and South Yarra, what they can tell us about the distribution of, and access to, leisure and amenity in Melbourne; and in the process interrogating widespread defnitions of liveability. This examination will be used to propose a new way of thinking about and distributing the networks, infrastructure, amenities and services that shape our urban environment. LEISURE, AMENITY

917

LIVEABILITY - SOUTH YARRA

918

LEISURE, AMENITY

919

LIVEABILITY - LYNDHURST

920

LEISURE, AMENITY

921

922

LEISURE, AMENITY

923

POPS - PRIVATELY OWNED PUBLIC SPACES We encounter and use POPS daily in urban life. The restrictions inherent to this typology - on photography, movement, gathering, privacy etc. which vary between owners, seem to impact most users little. Awareness of them only follows butting up against them - they often operate invisibly. For marginalised citizens, the restrictions function explicity and with greater severity.

POPS - privately owned public spaces A brief look at the Western evolution of POPS

Landlordism although space ownership was consolidated among a few, public citizens had a variety of rights over ‘commons’ including camping, gleaning, rights-of-way, gathering [see ﬁlm “The Gleaners and I” by Agnes Varda]

London’s public urban squares

924

commercial arcades - through-site links

Common practice is for developers to trade provision of POPS for the ability to increase floor space, building height or similar concessions. This trade implies provision of POPS is a burden for developers that they trade for a boon. In fact POPS boost perceived amenity and attract buyers, renters and residents, and therefore boost profits. The ‘trade’ is a double win for developers.

Enclosure movement, 16th and 17th century England. Public ‘commons’ was enclosed and usage rights restricted. By the 19th century unenclosed common land only existed in either untamed mountainous areas of low value, or very ve small patches in the low lands.

commercial plazas urban forecourts

forecourt + plaza + link

POPs

LEISURE, AMENITY

925

PRIVATELY OWNED PUBLIC SPACE

- Connects several publilc access ways - Placed to draw people through a retail development - Sections reveal choice of floor space for each landing restrict gathering size and type. i.e no sitting - Views directed inside - sever connection to urban context? - A new typology, in sympathy to Instagram culture - But private developers own all photogprahs taken on site

926

PRIVATELY OWNED PUBLIC SPACE

- Connects several publilc access ways - Placed to draw people through a retail development - connection to public park made explicit - Views directed to green space - processinoal quality, views directed down wide boulevards. Ancient tpology - Sitting enabled - public and private bleed into each other -- Amenity is increased for surrounding residents and workers

LEISURE, AMENITY

927

WHY DO POPS MATT Marriot Waters is a private Estate in Lyndhurst. It contains just under half the houses in Lyndhurst. MW oer o the “Marriot Club” [1], which is a gym, pool, event centre, restaurant and work space. Membership is restricted to owners of MWE houses or renters of MWE houses, with their landlord’s permission. The language of the MWE website blurs lines between public and private in almost every statement. Amenities like playgrounds [2], wetlands [3], and reserves [4] are mentioned in the same breath as the Marriot Waters Shopping Centre [5] and the Marriot Waters Sports Centre [6] . All are presented as MWE oerings, though are presumably useable by all [the website doesn’t say]. Who built these dev develpments, and who owns them? Does it maer if they serve the community well? Lyndhurst’s community centre is the Marriot Waters Family and Community Centre [7], which serves MWE and non-MWE residents. It is described as ‘much loved’ in the Cranbourne Star News. It aractd 1.1 million dollars’ worth of funding from Casey City Council and the Victorian Government in 2018 2018. The development won the 2013 Award for Excellence - Masterplanned Development and the Melbourne Water Recognition Award by the Urban Development Institute of Australia.

Most of Lyndhurst’s public spaces, cultural facil must work with, not ag 928

TER IN LYNDHURST?

6 7 3

1 2

lities and amenities are POPS. Any new proposal gainst, this condition. LEISURE, AMENITY

929

ACCESS TO PARKS

SOUTH YARRA BEST BITS ACCESS TO FOOD AND DRINK

ACCESS TO EXTERNAL PARKLANDS

ACCESS TO ENTERTAINMENT

ACCESS TO CULTURE

ACCESS TO SPORTING FACILITIES

930

ACCESS TO SHOPPING

OPPORTUNITIES IN LYNDHURST Lyndhurst suburb analysis

Land owned by Marriot Waters Estate.

AGRICULTURE

RESIDENTIAL

NEW DEVELOPMENT

COMMERCIAL

GREEN SPACE LANFDFILL GREEN SPACE BESIDE THE ROAD UNDEVELOPED SPACE RURAL LAND

Lyndhurst publiic transport options

TO CITY OF DANDENONG

BUS TRAIN LINE TRAIN STATION

BEACH - 14.8 KM

LEISURE, AMENITY

931

932

LYNDHURST

LEISURE, AMENITY

933

MANIF We live in a centralised city. Our focus is towards the Central Business District. This focus ranks our status, our wealth, our health, our amenity. It radiates from the metropolis, falling and failing as each ring of suburban growth unravels across the everexpanding Melbourne footprint. The focus on centrality creates artificial scarcity, benefitting only a few. We need to re-focus. We need to De-Centralise the Central Business District

Bring on the DCBD The DCBD equalises and humanises. It adds amenity to those that most need it and adds progression to the areas that cherish it. Communities are formed, connections grafted, environments replenished, the masses are happy.

If Melbourne is to become a Post-P

re-focus. It nee

It needs t 934

FESTO The first priority in equality is to make the last the first. To make Lyndhurst, South Yarra. We can transplant the best bits of South Yarra within Lyndhurst creating ground zero of the De-Centralised CBD. DCmBDs or De-Centralised micro Business Districts will form in unison with their big brothers the DCBD. These micro and macroisms build a plethora of community engagement, creating a city wide net of health, wealth and wellbeing as opposed to the spiralling central cluster thatâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s currently failing us. By equalising our suburbs in this de-centralised manner we offer governments, businesses, developers, investors, families, equal opportunity. House prices will equalise from suburb to suburb, incomes will stabilise form household to household, developers will seize opportunity in otherwise redundant locations and governments will be community minded rather than global soulless sell-outs.

QUESTION / PROPOSITION Pandemic Powerhouse it needs to ADD PAGES IF NECESSARY

eds to equalise.

the DCBD LEISURE, AMENITY

935

THE CBD

THE De-CBD

936

LEISURE HUBS

LEISURE, AMENITY

937

MAPPING LYNDHURST

938

LEISURE, AMENITY

939

CO-LOCATIONS AND OPPORTUNITIES

940

LEISURE, AMENITY

941

942

LEISURE, AMENITY

943

944

LEISURE, AMENITY

945

946

LEISURE, AMENITY

947

948

LEISURE, AMENITY

949

950

LEISURE, AMENITY

951

952

LEISURE, AMENITY

953

954

LEISURE, AMENITY

955

956

LEISURE, AMENITY

957

958

LEISURE, AMENITY

959

960

To see Developer Infomercial Visit www.vimeo.com/475636962 LEISURE, AMENITY

961

962

Developer infomercial stills LEISURE, AMENITY

963

964

Developer infomercial stills LEISURE, AMENITY

965

966

Developer infomercial stills LEISURE, AMENITY

967

968

Developer infomercial stills LEISURE, AMENITY

969

970

Developer infomercial stills LEISURE, AMENITY

971

972

Developer infomercial stills LEISURE, AMENITY

973

974

Developer infomercial stills LEISURE, AMENITY

975

976

Developer infomercial stills LEISURE, AMENITY

977

978

Developer infomercial stills LEISURE, AMENITY

979

980

Developer infomercial stills LEISURE, AMENITY

981

982

Developer infomercial stills LEISURE, AMENITY

983

984

Developer infomercial stills LEISURE, AMENITY

985

BIBLIOGRAPHY Allen, Brydie. How Coronavirus has impacted hospitality and events industries. in Australian Hotelier. https://www.theshout.com.au/australian-hotelier/how-coronavirus-has-impacted-hospitality-and-events-industries/ (Last accessed 15 August 2020) Australian Bureau of Statistics. Jobs Vacancies, Australia. https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/labour/employment-and-unemployment/job-vacancies-australia/latest-release (last accessed 14 October 2020) Australasian Leisure Management. Fitness Australia report shows massive impact of Coronavirus closures on the industry. https://www.ausleisure.com.au/news/fitness-australia-report-shows-massive-impact-of-coronavirus-closures-on-the-industry/ (Last accessed 30 July, 2020) Barnes, Amelia. Melbourneâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s 307 suburbs ranked for liveability. Domain Australia, November 2019. https://www.domain.com.au/liveable-melbourne/melbournes-most-liveable-suburbs-2019/melbournes-307-suburbs-ranked-for-liveability-2019-898676/ (last accessed 25 August, 2020) Club Mariott. Welcome to Club Mariott! http://clubmarriott.org/whats-here/ (last accessed 29 August 2020) Coleman, Sarah. Built environment: Livability: Urban amenity. Australia state of the environment 2016, Australian Government Department of the Environment and Energy, Canberra, https://soe.environment.gov.au/theme/built-environment/topic/2016/livability-urban-amenity, DOI 10.4226/94/58b65a5037ed8 Evangelio, Roberto; Hone, Simone; Lee, Moses; Prentice, David. What makes a locality attractive? Estimates of the amenity value of parks for Victoria. Technical Paper No. 4/18. (Infrastructure Victoria, November 2018). Eveleigh, Clayton. Article: Tourism, Leisure & Hospitality Outlook: COVID-19. https:// www.bdo.com.au/en-au/insights/tourism-hospitality/article/tourism-leisure-hospitality-outlook-covid-19 (Published 30 July, 2020. Last accessed 30 July, 2020) Maas, Winy and Sverdlov, Alexander. Absolute Leisire: the World of Fun (Rotterdam: nai010 publishers, 2016) Trentmann, Frank. The Unequal Future of Consumption: How the Covid Lockdown is Reconfiguring the Nexus of Getting and Spending, The New Republic, August 2020. https://newrepublic.com/article/158737/covid-lockdown-unequal-future-consumption (last accessed 22 August 2020) Villawood Properties. Marriott Waters. https://villawoodproperties.com.au/community/

986

LEISURE, AMENITY

987

[ STASIS ]

988

989