Huerta Initiatives
Rob Goacher Johanna Mayr Jenni McIntosh Matt Purslow
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Regeneration Strategy
Contents
Site and Issues Analysis
Introduction and Overview 3 Site Analysis
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Value the existing
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Nurture what is possible 39 Phasing 46 Strategies 50 Sustainability 65 Policy and Funding Context 67 Bibliography 74
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Regeneration Strategy
Introduction and Overview
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Regeneration Strategy
Introduction To the Strategy
Introduction The brief for this project was to develop a masterplan for the agricultural area known as la Huerta and will act as a shared vision for the future for its inhabitants, users and the citizens of neighboring Alboraya. The aims of this project are to regenerate the economic activity of la Huerta to ensure future viability, to ensure the retention of la Huerta’s unique culture, traditions and heritage and to strengthen the sense of community, ownership and place within this unique cultural landscape. This study has consisted on an in-depth analysis into la huerta and its history, cultural significance and the issues it is currently facing. In addition, a week-long research trip was conducted to gather information and to engage with local people and gather their views on the area to inform our proposals. The main issues that were highlighted through this study, and which the following strategies aim to address are; the falling agricultural viability of the area, the need to preserve and protect listed buildings and the unique landscape in which they are located, the need to adhere to strict planning regulations related to the irrigation system and the built environment and the high level of unemployment in the area (which is currently at approx. 17%).
Together with meeting local stakeholders, landowners, council representatives and specialist consultants, consultation has directed the production of these strategies which outline the projects to be undertaken in la Huerta. This has been articulated as a regeneration strategy to guide action by the Council and has been aligned with the Plan General de Alboraya (2011), Plan de la Huerta de Valencia (2012) and the Plan General de Valencia (2014) policy documents to ensure that the scheme complies with regulations if and when they come into force. In addition, the nature of the regeneration strategy has been designed in line with available funding streams, from Alboraya Ajuntament, Generalitat Valenciana, specifically its tourism department, and the EU, to ensure the feasibility of the project is appropriate.
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Regeneration Strategy
Overview To the Strategy
Strategy One – C23
Strategy Two – Paseo de Aragon Upgrade
Strategy Three – Connections
Strategy Four – Agricultural Co-Operative
- Aims to utilize abandoned buildings in la Huerta to provide spaces for new economic acticities that supplement/ complement the surrounding agricultural landscape through the creation of a agri/craft based catalyst zone. The regeneration of the area has been designed as both a domestic and international tourism destination in the heart of la Huerta that creates new employment opportunities in the service and industrial sectors. - The development of C23 will allow the retention, maintenance and preservation of la Huerta’s landscape, culture and traditions with very little intervention, ensuring the vistas and views in and out of la Huerta and protected. It is also hoped that C23 will guide the sensitive redevelopment of heritage assets found within the site. - C23 also supports the creation of publically accessible green space within la Huerta. - The relationship between C23 and the Agricultural Co-Operative (detailed later) will be one of support and co-operation.
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- Aims to bring farmers, landowners and enthusiastic city dwellers together to increase the economic viability of la Huerta. By working co-operatively, it is hoped that the group will be able to increase yields, diversify crops, share profits and create a stronger agricultural community that is able to become the custodian of the landscape and preserve its unique culture and way of life for future generations. The co-operative will be based on the Water Tribunal management system which is evidence that the culture of the region supports co- operative working. - In addition, the creation of both an agricultural co-operative and C23, and their close relationship to one-another will allow a cohesive community to develop in the area that is comprised of both farmers and city-dwellers within a neutral environment.
This strategy aims to enhance and emphasize the existing boundary between la Huerta and Alboraya to the West, through the redevelopment of the existing Paseo de Aragón. By introducing new uses for the space (urban gyms, craft and food markets, skate/bike parks etc.), and upgrading the existing facilities it is hoped that the space will become a quintessential part of life in the area and a key community gathering point.
Aims to beautify and connect existing heritage trails and routes around the landscape through the upgrading of footways and roads, the introduction of signs and information boards and the inclusion of sites of interest within the newly created interactive landscapes. It is hope that this will encourage tourists (both domestic and international) and local Alborayan’s to use la Huerta and engage on a more personal level with the landscape, and to create stronger pedestrian links between the City of Alboraya and its beaches.
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Regeneration Strategy
Overview
Clients and Shareholders
Huerta Initiatives
Alboraya Ajuntament - Main Stakeholder The City Council of Alboraya covers the entire North Orchard in the Valencia Region. The municipality is divided into eight districts: Desemparats, Mar, Massamardà, Masquefa, Miracle, Saboia, Vera and Calvet. The boundary of Strategy 1 and the two sites are within the district of Calvet. The Council is the main stakeholder for this regeneration strategy as the project must work with them to enhance the area appropriately within the legislation they have set out, otherwise the Council will not approve of the strategy and it will not be delivered. The strategies include proposals to encourage local industry and commerce to combat unemployment, as well as preserving the culture and landscape of la Huerta, which are both part of the Council’s mission statement and so the council will be eager to meet these objectives (Alboraya Ajuntament, 2018). The proposals will benefit the Council as the local economy will improve and more money will then be funnelled back into the Municipality funds. Generalitat Valenciana - Stakeholder The Region of Valencia and its departments are stakeholders in this regeneration process. The proposals will encourage healthy living, increase the local economy and boost employment as well as protecting the agriculture traditions and heritage.
Comunitat Valenciana - Stakeholder The Valencia Tourism Board is a stakeholder in this regeneration scheme as they are invested in the touristic appeal of the areas in the Region of Valencia. The strategy aims to encourage more tourists to visit the area with the introduction of more businesses, the updates to the heritage trails and the ‘Interactive Landscape’ created by these.
and with the Agricultural Cooperative to ensure the viability of the area and the agriculture, and to take care of the administration duties. C23 will help new businesses to find a suitable site and to set up, letting out fields to create extra revenue for la Huerta, and promote tourism in the area.
Community Club for the people of la Huerta, will also benefit from this scheme. C23 will work in tandem with the club to continue their good work educating the people of Alboraya by letting them more land to use and promoting the club. Horta Viva is a company specialising in tours around la Huerta to promote the area and educate both Agricultural Cooperative - Stakeholder tourists and locals about the heritage, culture and The Agricultural Cooperative will be created during agriculture of la Huerta. The company operates the regeneration process and will be owned mostly in the northern part of la Huerta, but with Federació Valenciana de Municipic i by and run by its members. The cooperative this strategy there would be opportunity for them encourages farmers to work together and share to expand to the lower part of la Huerta too. Províncies (FVMP) - Stakeholder The Valencian Federation of Municipalities and work force and machinery to efficiently use Provinces is a non-profit association who deal the fields and stop the abandonment of fields. Centro de Artesania Comunitat Valenciana with the representation, defence and promotion This will keep agriculture viable, preserve the Stakeholder of the municipalities of the Region of Valencia landscape of la Huerta and help the valuable The Centro de Artesania Comunitat Valenciana and specifically the promotion of activities that knowledge to continue down the generations. aims to promote the craft industry within the boost the local economy and create jobs, as Region of Valencia. The organisation does this well as conservation of the landscape and Local Organisations and Businesses by holding exhibitions and assisting business environment and education about the local culture Stakeholders owners with development and organisation. This and heritage. The proposals will compliment the Local organisations and businesses will benefit is a key resource to tap into as most of the new work of the FVMP in Alboraya and implement from the regeneration scheme. The increase businesses created will be craft-based and will strategies that fit their objectives. in tourism will create more customers, and the benefit from being a part of this community. addition of community spaces and green spaces C23 - Stakeholder will encourage more Alborayans to move around Local Residents - Clients C23, the Community of the 23,000 hectares Alboraya and try the local businesses. The The local residents are arguably the most of la Huerta, is the organisation created during proposed market will be a place for not only food important people in this process. The strategies the regeneration process to keep the area of la and wares to be sold by people from la Huerta, aim to enhance the area of la Huerta and this Huerta progressing and the initiative going. The but also from elsewhere in Alboraya in addition to will directly benefit the local people because as a organisation will work with and for the local people the market on Thursdays. El Club de l’Horta, the result the local economy will improve, more jobs
will be created and the landscape of la Huerta will still be protected, amongst other things. Other parts of the scheme will promote healthy living and improve access to community spaces. Bibliography
Alboraia Ajuntament (2018) Municipality. Available from: http://www. alboraya.org/web/infociudad/municipio [Accessed 20 February 2018]. Alboraia Ajuntament (2018) Municipal Society. Available from: http://www.alboraya.org/web/tu-ayuntamiento/sociedad-municipal [Accessed 20 February 2018]. Valencia (2018) Valencia City Council. Available from: http://www.valencia.es/ayuntamiento/ayuntamiento. nsf?opendatabase&lang=1&nivel=1 [Accessed 20 February 2018]. Alboraia Ajuntament (2018) Greetings from the Mayor. Available from: http://www.alboraya.org/es_ES/web/tu-ayuntamiento/saludodel-alcalde [Accessed 20 February 2018]. https://europadlaobywateli.pl/partnerzy/valencian-federation-ofmunicipalities-and-provinces-fvmp/ FVMP (2018) Federació Valenciana de Municipic i Províncies Available from: http://www.fvmp.es/ [Accessed 20 February 2018]. Horta Viva (2018) Horta Viva. Available from: https://www.hortaviva. net/ [Accessed 20 February 2018]. Generalitat Valencia (2018) Generalitat Valencia. Available from: http://www.gva.es/en/inicio/presentacion {Accessed 20 February 2018]. El Club de L’Horta (2018) About the Club de l’Horta. Available from: http://elclubdelhorta.wixsite.com/labarraca/quienes-somos2-cjs6 [Accessed 20 February 2018].
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Regeneration Strategy
Site Analysis
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Regeneration Strategy
Issue
Mediterranean Huertas
Mediterranean Huertas In 1995 the European Environment Agency undertook the Dobris Assessment to better understand how Europe’s unique ‘environments are changing under the influence of human activities’ (EEA, 1995). The assessment highlighted that there was only six-remaining huertas in Europe at the time of writing, which were located in Spain, Italy, Sicily and Greece (the locations of which are demonstrated in the opposite diagram). To understand the importance of this we must understand what a huerta is. Huerta; - la huerta murciana/valenciana the fertile, irrigated region of Murcia/Valencia (Collins Dictionary, 2018) - irrigated and highly cropped alluvial plain (Olmo and Munoz, 2004) - Mediterranean garden in Italy (Sereni, 1997) - fertile, irrigated regions, with agricultural and pre-industrial settlements / peri-urban rural settlement (Verdiani and Cornell, 2015) - intensive Mediterranean irrigated market farming (Zimmermann, 2006)
Although each definition varies, from this exercise we are able to establish that huertas are highly irrigated and intensively cultivated market farming coastal regions in the Mediterranean. The significance of the relevant irrigation systems is what distinguishes huertas from other agricultural landscapes. Our initial research into huertas has highlighted that they are a relatively under-studied European landscape and where research has been undertaken it has been in either the L’Horta de Valencia or L’Horta de Murcia, suggesting that these two regions are the most significant/best preserved huerta landscapes. We have been unable to evidence of the current condition of the Italian and Greek huertas suggesting that they are less significant to the local economies. This increases the importance of producing a well-considered regeneration strategy as it could become a model for the regeneration of the other huertas located around the Mediterranean and change the way in which they are managed and preserved.
Conclusion
Bibliography
Collins Dictionary (2018). Huerta [online]. Available at: The previous definitions of huerta take into https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/spanish-english/huerta consideration the physical attributes of the [Accessed 18th February 2018] landscapes but do not refer to their cultural European Environment Agency (1995). Europe’s significance to local and global populations. From Environment - The Dobris Assessment [online]. Available at: https:// www.eea.europa.eu/publications/92-826-5409-5 [Accessed 18th our time in Valencia we were able to see the February 2018] strong connection that many people feel towards Olmo, R. M. and Munoz, S. F. (2004). La Huerta de the area and unique cultural and physical heritage Murcia: Landscape Guidelines for a Peri-urban Territory [online]. Landscape Research. Vol. 29. No. 4. pp. 385–397. Available at: (Social Group, 2018). In order to produce a http://newruralism.pbworks.com/f/OlmoMunoz.pdf [Accessed 18th sound regeneration strategy for the area we must February 2018] Romera, J. and Melo, C. (2015). Spanish Mediterranean take into consideration both the physical and Huertas: theory and reality in the planning and management of cultural aspects of the region and address issues peri-urban agriculture and cultural landscapes [online]. Sustainable Planning and Development. Issue. 7. pp. 585-595. Available at: associated with both. https://www.uv.es/~jromero/SDP15050FU1.pdf [Accessed 18th February 2018]
Sereni, E. (1997). History of the Italian Agricultural Landscape [online]. Available at: https://books.google.co.uk/ [Accessed 18th February 2018] Verdiani, G. and Cornell, P. (2015). Architecture, Archaeology and Contemporary City Planning - Proceedings of the workshop [online]. Available at: https://books.google.co.uk/books [Accessed 18th February 2018] Wikipedia (2018). Huerta [online]. Available at: https:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huerta [Accessed 18th February 2018] Zimmermann, R. C. (2006). Recording rural landscapes and their cultural associations: some initial results and impressions [online]. Environmental Science & Policy. Vol. 9. Issue. 4. pp. 360-396. Available at: https://wwwsciencedirect-com.oxfordbrookes.idm.oclc.org/science/article/pii/ S1462901106000414?_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&_origin=gateway&_ docanchor=&md5=b8429449ccfc9c30159a5f9aeaa92ffb&ccp=y [Accessed 18th February 2018]
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Regeneration Strategy
National Context Analysis
Connectivity Valencia sits on the eastern coast of the Spanish mainland, this map shows its connections and relative proximity to other large cities in the urban area. It also have significant, quick and cheap connections through flights across Europe.
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Regeneration Strategy
Regional Context Analysis
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Regeneration Strategy
City Analysis Timeline
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Regeneration Strategy
City Analysis Timeline
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Regeneration Strategy
City Analysis Timeline
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Top Tourist Attractions in Valencia (By Trip Advisor Ranking, 2018)
Regeneration Strategy
City Analysis
1. Central Market (Mercado Central) 2. Antiguo Cauce del Rio Turia 3. Room Escape Games 4. Bioparc Valencia 5. City of the Arts and Sciences 6. Iglesia de San Nicolas de Bari y San Pedro Martir 7. Sightseeing Tours City Tours Architecture Tours Bike Tours Tours of la Huerta (#38) 8. Oceanografic Valencia 9. Palacio del Marques de Dos Aguas 10. Plaza de la Virgen
Tourism Hotspots
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5 Tourism Hotspots In 2016 (the most recent data available) indicates that Valencia benefits significantly from tourism, with over 1.9 millions visitors flocking to the City (a 2.2% increase on the previous year) and a total of over 4.4 million overnight stays logged (a 8.3% increase on the previous year). This data suggests that tourism levels are rising which has been attribute to the rise in airport arrivals (14.8% increase on the previous year) from predominately EU countries (VLC Valencia, 2016). The most popular tourist attractions in the City of Valencia are concentrated around the City Centre, the Jardines del Turia park and Valencia’s collection of beaches (Trip Advisor, 2018). These areas see the highest visitor numbers, both in terms of domestic and international tourists. With an already strong tourist market established in the area, our strategy could try to capitalise on the market and introduce higher levels of tourism into la huerta.
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Bibliography VLC Valencia (2016). Estadisticas Turismo 2016 [online]. Available at: http://www.visitvalencia.com/es/estadisticas-turismovalencia/mobile/index.html#p=1 [Accessed 20th February 2018] Trip Advisor (2018). Things to do in Valencia [online]. Available at: https://www.tripadvisor.co.uk/Attractions-g187529Activities-Valencia_Province_of_Valencia_Valencian_Country.html [Accessed 20th February 2018]
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Regeneration Strategy
Site Analysis
Built Up Area
Connectivity
Urban Area
Motorway
Pedestrian Route
Walking Distance
Bus Route
Metro Route
Metro Station
Connectivity This map shows the connectivity of the site. It seems that the site is well connected through the metro and bus stops being within walking distance. Connections within the Huerta are less accessible with the land boundaries and principally the motorway adding extra time to walk to the beach and university.
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Regeneration Strategy
Site Analysis
Site boundary
Constraints and Opportunities Protected land within our site
Sound
Existing Buildings
Prevailing wind direction
Views
Electricity Pylons
Fall
Existing Built Form
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Regeneration Strategy
Site Analysis
Heritage and Listed Buildings Map
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Regeneration Strategy
Site Analysis Building Condition
Building Conditions The building conditions across la Huerta are fairly good with mostly just aesthetic renovations needed, possibly due to the sun and proximity to the sea. This also seems to be due to building owners adding in extra windows and doors and the render not being finished right up to the opening. Some of the buildings are in a more serious state of disrepair, with walls and roofs caved in and other structural damage. There are also a few instances of vandalism in the area, both on buildings and on public property such as the irrigation station building and the heritage trail signs. Many buildings have multiple extensions or outhouses as the traditional dwelling size in la Huerta is fairly small, and these auxiliary buildings are often quite run-down. Road Conditions The roads and paths around la Huerta are full of potholes and are not very accessible. Additionally, after rain there are many puddles of water which can take a few days to evaporate during the winter, making the road very muddy, The rainwater would be better off draining into the irrigation systems to be used on the fields.
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Regeneration Strategy
Site Analysis
Building Condition - Site
Building 1 - Vicente The general condition of Building 1 (belonging to Vicente) is adequate and the building is in a relatively fair state of repair. The structural integrity of the building is mostly sound, although the first floor is need of stabilisation and/or additional support. The building can be considered water tight due to continued maintenance (and replacement) of the roof and render where possible by the owner. The render is of a good quality over the majority of the building although some areas need replacing / replacing, most notably on the underside of all the window openings. There is a number of fairly sizable cracks in the render but nothing that could be considered structurally compromising.
Cracks in Render
Rusting Metalwork
Underside of Roof
Cracks in Render
Poor Quality Render
Render Falling Away
Missing Roof Section
Graffiti and Detritus
Poor Quality Irrigation Channels
Cracks in Render
Graffiti
Render Completely Fallen Away
Some of the external metal finishes have rusted quite badly, most likely due to the site’s location close to the sea. The drainage channels around the building have been maintained to a fairly good standard.
Building 2 - Nassim The house which is currently occupied by a group of illegal immigrants is in a much poorer state of repair, most likely due to the owner of the property being unidentifiable. The first floor is not is use due to the poor quality of the floor and the fact that the staircase has collapsed. On the East facing elevation the roof and wall have partially collapsed leaving the first floor open to the elements. The building is not watertight. Externally the building is in need of new render and reinforcement on every elevation, will require new windows and doors to replace to empty openings and will require the removal of existing rumble and detritus from the surrounding site to inspect the quality of the building underneath.
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Regeneration Strategy
Site Analysis
Site Boundary
Irrigation Channels Map 1 in 25 Year Floods
1 in 100 Year Floods
Irrigation Channels
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Regeneration Strategy
Site Analysis
Site Boundary
Existing Public Open Green Space Existing Green Space
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Regeneration Strategy
Site Analysis
Site Boundary
Building Uses
Industrial Buildings
Residential Buildings
Agricultural Buildings
Public Buildings
Tourism - Related Buildings
Retail Buildings
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Regeneration Strategy
Site Analysis
Abandoned Fields
Abandoned Fields
Abandoned Buildings
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Regeneration Strategy
Value the Existing
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Regeneration Strategy
Issues
Agriculture and Society
La Huerta is a primarily man-made agricultural landscape, defined by irrigation channels and field boundaries infiltrated by detached houses and small farmsteads throughout the landscape. These homes are mostly of the traditional Alquiera style and are often very historic. The Huerta’s history, society, economy, culture and landscape have been shaped by the farming way of life.
The collapse of family farming Family farms constitute 83% of farms in Spain (EU, 2017a). Similar to the rest of Europe, family farming has changed radically. Social mobility, cheaper imports and agricultural modernisation has allowed younger generations to leave family farms and take up easier, more interesting jobs within Valencia and Alboraya, this is evidenced through interviews (Pepe, 2018)(Sancho, 2018). This has led to the current crop of farmers aging with 35% of Farm Managers on Spanish family farms over the age of 65 and only 3.4% under 35 (EU, 2017a). This not only leads to a void of potential farmers to take over but to health and well-being issues as farmers work harder, older with fewer colleagues and modernisation has drastically reduced workforces. Farming has become a dangerous and lonely way of life (Buck, 2014). Many farmers have came to rely on migrant labour, specifically North African to plug the labour shortage. The immigration seems to have caused little conflict as the immigrants have taken jobs no longer wanted by the local population according to interviewees. Local NGOs such as the “Movement for Peace� exist to facilitate integration.
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Regeneration Strategy
Issues
Agriculture and Society
Agricultural viability Farming has become less viable within the Huerta and within Spain, agricultural holdings and employment have both reduced since 2000 (EU, 2017b). Local Pepe’s has mixed feelings about the local conservation law and impending action plan; he is in favour of conservation and protection from development, but worries that restrictions on crop type and farming techniques will impact competitiveness and viability, making a hard profession harder (Pepe, 2018), this is echoed by others, but some action groups i.e Per l’Horta, campaign for complete conservation as they’re concerned about development in the Huerta, yet they are not living or working in the Huerta (Social Group, 2018) and have seen to neglect the idea that without agricultural viability the landscape will go further into decline and be more approachable by developers. EU regulations, modernisation, cheaper imports have also reduced financial viability. EU fertiliser regulations have increased prices (Kay, 2017) as well causing more work and completion for farmers to understand.
Farms are still generally small in line with historic boundaries with 80% consisting of 1 hectare and few larger than 5 hectare (Ostrom, 2015); with the modernisation of agriculture, this has reduced the viability of the farms as small farm can no longer support entire families (Pepe, 2018). Family farms in Spain are on average 16 hectares compared to 58 hectares in Britain. The protected irrigation system also limits modern farming techniques which are more effective with larger fields (Social Group, 2017). The Huerta is famed for its chufa (tiger nut) production and the resulting Horchata. This crop can bring in significant profits for local farmers Sancho, 2018), but there is a limited demand for the nut and Horchata with Chufa having few other uses according to Chufa Farmer Juan Sancho (2018). Chufa currently has limited export markets, though some would like to export to other European countries (Sancho, 2018). Imports of Chufa, specifically from North Africa, also hurts the local Chufa production industry (Sancho, 2018), as Valencian Chufa is more expensive due to higher labour costs and the Huerta’s unique constraints.
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Regeneration Strategy
Issues
Agriculture and Society
Ownership and abandonment
Tradition and Modernity
Conclusion
Bibliography
With families less connected to their ancestral farmlands, ownership has diluted between different family members, for example the building occupied by Nassim is owned by 20-30 different family members, whom recognise the smallness of their share has abandoned the building and no longer care about it (Yolanda, 2018).
There is conflict, though not too apparent between traditional housing and ways of life and modernity.
It seems that the main agricultural issues relate to the socio-economic viability of the farming way of life and it’s corresponding landscape which is created from said way of life.
Argyelan, T., Díez Torrijos, I., Vallés Planells, M. and Galiana Galán, F. (2014). Land use change in Huerta de Valencia (2008-2013). Resilience and cultural landscapes. [online] Available at: http://ocs.editorial.upv.es/ index.php/ISL/ISL2014/paper/viewFile/201/160. Buck, T. (2014). A Spanish exodus to the cities leaves a desert in its wake. [online] Financial Times. Available at: https://www. ft.com/content/09fde45a-8053-11e4-9907-00144feabdc0 [Accessed 11 Feb. 2018]. EU. (2017a). Agriculture statistics - family farming in the EU - Statistics Explained. [online] Available at: http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/ statistics-explained/index.php/Agriculture_statistics_-_family_farming_ in_the_EU#Farm_managers_by_age_.E2.80.94_an_analysis_for_the_ EU_Member_States [Accessed 11 Feb. 2018]. EU. (2017b). Agricultural census in Spain - Statistics Explained. [online] Available at: http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statisticsexplained/index.php/Agricultural_census_in_Spain [Accessed 11 Feb. 2018]. Habitaclia. (2018). Evolution prices apartments square meter for sale in Alboraya. [online] Available at: https://www.habitaclia.com/ informes/precio-medio-viviendas-alboraya.htm [Accessed 11 Feb. 2018]. Kay, A. (2017). Increased costs for farmers as MEPs vote to open door to fertiliser price rises. [online] Farmers Guardian. Available at: https://www.fginsight.com/news/news/increased-costs-for-farmersas-meps-vote-to-open-door-to-fertiliser-price-rises-41515 [Accessed 11 Feb. 2018]. Ostrom, E. (2015). Governing the commons. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Pepe. (2018). Social Group Interview with local farmer Pepe La Huerta. Sancho, J. (2018). Tour of Juan Sancho’s Chufa drying farm - La Huerta. Social Group. (2018). Information from Social Group. Vicente. (2018). Social Group Interview with Vicente - La Huerta. Yolanda. (2018). Information from local resident and UPV professor - La Huerta.
Tradition farming methods has been replaced with modernisation to ensure the viability of farming and make it easier, such as Chufa machines requiring 2 people replacing harvesting This abandonment of land is a serious issue with by hand, which took 45 people (Sancho, 2018) 11.1% fields being unused and unmanaged in and the replacement of selling crops directly in 2001 increasing to 15.6% in 2014 (Argyelan et al., Valencia’s market with selling to supermarkets 2014). Another reason for abandonment seems and wholesalers (Pepe, 2018). This is increased to be that during the Spanish housing boom, by the movement of young people to service developers bought land on the Huerta’s fringe, sector jobs. but now due to lower prices, the inability and fewer profits has led to this land being abandoned Traditional housing types such as Alquieras and (Pepe, 2018). Barracas, have long since been neglected for modern apartment blocks on the urban fringe of Even though there is abandonment and the the Huerta, for convenience, the lack of traditional movement of people away from family farming, housing on the market and that traditional building property doesn’t seem to be up for sale with materials such as reed thatching have been families either renting or contracting others to banned due to fire regulations. look after there land (Pepe, 2018)(Vicente, 2018) or leaving it abandoned as an asset for when property markets increase as land has reduced by 500% since the height of the Spanish property boom in the mid 2000s (Pepe, 2018). (Look at volume sold). This is especially significant as there is a reported shortage of family homes within the area (Yolanda, 2018) and house prices are above Valencia average (Habitaclia, 2018).
This viability is subdivided into workforce issues, with aging farmers and the reduction of the workforce, due to modernisation, social mobility and the attraction of service sector jobs. Viability is also effected by small farm sizes and constraints including the planned conservation law. This law causes significant conflict between stakeholders, this should be addressed and mimics the conflict between tradition and modernity. These issues have in turn lead to land ownership issues and the abandonment of fields, this could be reversed via interventions within the Huerta. There is also opportunities, including the profitable cultivation of Chufa as well as the unique historic landscape on the edge of the city. We must address this issue of viability, we need to come up with strategies to build resilience and increase socio-economic capacity to sustain and improve the Huerta landscape, society and economy.
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Regeneration Strategy
Issues
Heritage and Legislation
Heritage issues in la Huerta mainly consist of the protection of buildings and what can and cannot be done in order to preserve the character of the area. The historic landscape of S and its agricultural background are both protected, as are some of the individual buildings, in an attempt to keep the character of la Huerta changing or being engulfed by the neighbouring urban areas.
Planning Regulations The planning regulations and restrictions set out by the region of Valencia outline the work that could be done to conserve and protect the buildings and landscape. The municipality of Alboraya is subject to much stricter planning regulations however because of the need to protection la Huerta.
Construction
Levels of Protection and Restrictions
All Barracas are listed; they cannot be demolished or altered in any way apart from for conservation purposes. Some Farmhouses and Alquerías are listed, but this is limited to particularly good examples of the building type. These listed buildings must be maintained and can only have very limited alterations. The permitted alterations are described in detail in the Catalogue of Protected Buildings in the Territorial Action Plan Typologies of la Huerta in Valencia (Generalitat Valenciana, 2017b) and include change of use, extensions, There are three main building types in la Huerta, interior alterations and needed renovation. Any all of which are protected in some manner. These alterations must be in-keeping with the character are the Barraca, the Farmhouse and the Alquería. of la Huerta. The Barraca is the traditional house of the agricultural worker, the Farmhouse is that of the Other buildings in Alboraya are very restricted farmer and landowner, and the Alquería is a type on what they are permitted to do. Only 40% of of Farmhouse with a tower. Alquerías were owned land in la Huerta can be developed and as of by nobility and the tower signified the wealth and 2017 the municipality has almost reached this status of the owners (Generalitat Valenciana, limit. Therefore, no new construction is allowed 2017b). and existing buildings cannot be extended. Additionally, part of la Huerta’s character is deemed to be the short buildings on the very flat landscape so existing buildings cannot be built any taller than they are currently (Generalitat Valenciana, 2017a).
Additionally, the parcels of land and the irrigation channels that run in between are protected, as are the roads that run around la Huerta. The fields cannot be split into smaller parcels, in part because of the irrigation system that is used, but also because otherwise the crop yield would be too low (Generalitat Valenciana, 2017a). The irrigation channels are managed by the Water Tribunal and the system of bringing the water to the fields and the amount of water each farmer is given is carefully managed, therefore any change to the channels would necessitate a change to water distribution too, hence why alterations are forbidden. Roads are protected for the same reason; if they are altered then the irrigation channels would also need to be changed. These restrictions do allow for maintenance and reconstruction purposes if the channels will be rebuilt out of a more durable materials than currently existing (Generalitat Valenciana, 2017a).
Some of the traditional buildings in Alboraya have been constructed with rammed earth walls or in other traditional methods. This can be an issue when it comes to restoring the buildings however, as there does not seem to be any specialised building companies who are able to reconstruct these vernacular buildings in the same manner. It could be that those families who live in these buildings do still have the building knowledge and are passing it down to the next generation, but we do not know for sure. Alongside this, some of the historic building methods have been banned. For instance, due to fire regulations the traditional thatched roofs made out of reeds that would have originally been on the Barracas are no longer allowed (either new or restored). Existing buildings that did have thatch have had to change it, frequently to corrugated iron. The guidelines set out by the municipality of Alboraya does allow reconstruction and repair of existing buildings to be of different or more modern materials with the justification that the new material is more hard wearing and the building will still keep its character.
28
Regeneration Strategy
Issues
Heritage and Legislation
Building Uses
Land Ownership
In la Huerta most of the buildings are residential, housing the farmers and landowners. Other buildings are for agricultural use, such as storing crops, or for heritage uses, such as a museum.
The land in la Huerta has been split into small parcels of land over the years as properties changed hands and fields were split as different crops were grown. Most are divided by irrigation channels or pathways, but not all (see map). Not The use of buildings is very restricted, with all of the buildings and fields have traceable the municipality only allowing residential or owners, which could become an issue when commercial buildings. The commercial buildings planning the regeneration strategy as land must be either agricultural or educational. The cannot be acquired to be part of the strategy if educational buildings must also be about the local needed. This also links to the agricultural issues culture and the agriculture. of abandonment. Compliance With Regulations
Conclusion
Although the municipality’s planning and building regulations are very strict, there is evidence that they are not always adhered to. Not all buildings in la Huerta fall within guidelines; there are restaurants, horse riding stables and guest houses. Additionally, there are some new buildings that have been built within the last decade, which is after the regulations banning any new development in la Huerta were introduced (Yolanda, 2018) but it seems as though these have been allowed as they are still in-keeping with the local character and are fairly historically accurate from the outside.
The planning regulations in la Huerta are very strict which could affect the strategy as there are very limited options for change, including building use, however it is apparent that they are not always followed so as long as design choices are justified there may be other viable options.
Bibliography Unless stated all images are the author’s own. Generalitat Valenciana (2017a) Plan de Acción Territorial de Ordenación y Dinamización de la Huerta de Valencia, Propuesta de Plan. Generalitat Valenciana (2017b) Plan de Acción Territorial de Ordenación y Dinamización de la Huerta de Valencia, Catálogo de Protecciones. Sede Electrónica del Catastro (2018) Map of Alboraya. Accessed from: https://www1.sedecatastro.gob.es/ OVCFrames.aspx?TIPO=MBUSQ&url=../Cartografia/mapa. est=urbana&from=OVCBusqueda&RCCompleta=&via=&tipoVia=&numero=&kilometro=&bloque=&escalera=&planta=&puerta=&DescProv=VALENCIA&prov=46&muni=13&DescMuni=ALBORAIA/ ALBORAYA&TipUR=U&codvia=&comVia=&tc=U&del=46&mun=13 [Accessed 12 February 2018]. Yolanda. (2018). Information from local resident and UPV professor.
Land ownership could also be a hurdle as any change to roads and infrastructure would affect property boundaries.
29
Regeneration Strategy
Issues
Socio-Economic
Economy The economy of Spain was hit hard by the global economic downturn, with GDP growth falling at an average rate of 1.8% per annum between 20082013 (Generalitat Valencia, 2017). During this time, the country’s unemployment rate equalled 23% compared to 10% average across the whole of the EU (European Commission cited in World Bank, 2015). Since 2013, the economy of Spain has seen an upturn in fortunes. In 2016, the GDP of Spain grew 3.2% matching the rate of 2015. (Generalitat Valencia, 2017) In comparison, the economy of the Valencia region suffered average GDP losses of 2.7% per annum between 2008-2013. (Generaliat Valencia, 2017). However, in 2016 - the Valencian economy grew at a rate of 3.7%, demonstrating a marked increase above the average growth of Spain. (Ibid). In both the Valencia region and in Spain unemployment remains a major issue - with levels around 20% - well above the EU 28 average of 8.2% (European Commission, 2017). The rate of unemployment within the Valencia region currently exceeds the Spanish average, but this gap is decreasing year on year. On a more local scale - within Valencia City unemployment rates are considerably lower - at around 8% of the total city population in 2017falling 6.5 percentage points from the previous
years unemployment figures (Office of Statistics (Valencia), 2017). This figure however relates to the percentage of total population, and not of population eligible to work - so cannot form a direct comparison. However, the number of people unemployed within the city of Valencia equates to 29.9% of the total unemployment rate for the entire Valencian province (Office of Statistics (Valencia), 2017), thus we can see this is an issue. By sector - 75.3% of the 72,000 active unemployed (i.e able to work but unemployed) fall within the service sector - up 2% from the previous year (Ayuntimento de Valencia, 2016). A further 9.5% and 8% of registered unemployed are affiliated to the industrial and construction sectors respectively. (Ajuntimento de Valencia, 2017). Within the municipality of Alboraya, a familar picture is painted. Of the 1264 registered unemployed, as of January 2018 (Sepe, 2018) 78.5% fall within the service sector. - up 1% from January 2017. (SEPE 2017).
30
Regeneration Strategy
Issues
Socio-Economic
The Spanish economy was supported primarily by the construction and industrial sectors. However today, many workers have found jobs in Spain’s illicit, cash-in hand, ‘informal’ economy - which is worth the equivalent of 20% of Spanish GDP (Fundacion de estudios financieros, 2013). The economic strength of the construction sector pre-recession has been replaced by the service sector today, which accounts for 75% of business activity. In 2016, the industrial and service sectors together account for 92% of Spanish GDP, demonstrating their importance (World Bank, 2015). In comparison, agriculture accounts for just 2.33% of GDP, having rapidly decreased from around 23% in 1960’s, partially as a result of the growth in these other sectors. (Invest in Spain, 2015 ; Mintec-Global, 2013) Within the Valencia Autonomous Community , the importance of the service sector and the decline of the agriculture sector is also observed. 71% of business activity within Valencia falls within the service sector increasing year on year. In contrast, the agricultural industry in region is decreasing, partially as a result of increasing competition and the popularity of service sector jobs. Yet, sustained government investment and a concerted effort to modernise the industry has resulted in increased agricultural output, despite
the drop in GDP contribution (NYT, no date). The European Union’s Common Agricultural Policy has brought major benefits to agriculture in Spain. The funding allocations of the CAP are divided into two ‘pillars’. The first pillar of the CAP funding targets the well-being of farmers, through direct payments and market measures. The Second Pillar of investment targets both physical and human capital to support the restructuring, modernisation and innovation in agriculture and other rural businesses. Furthermore, it supports the creation of agricultural coops. Within the Autonomous Community of Valencia alone, the EU will provide nearly EUR 449 million of funding during the period of 2014-2020 (Hogan, 2017). Within Alboraya, jobs fall predominantly within the service sector - with agriculture the smallest (SEPE, 2017c). For instance, within Alboraya, there are over 6000 people who work as bartenders and waitors. In contrast, only 1623 people work within Agriculture, in greenhouses, gardens and within La Huerta itself. (SEPE, 2017c). Those who are currently unemployed have requested jobs within the service sector signifying its importance for locals (ibid). However as we recognise the importance of agriculture and the significance of the huerta region - we seek to create employment within the service sector, but linked to agriculture.
Bibliography European Commission cited in World Bank, (2015). ‘Doing Business in Spain 2015). Available at: http://www.doingbusiness. org/~/media/WBG/DoingBusiness/Documents/Subnational-Reports/ DB15-Spain-Overview.pdf. [Accessed: 12/02/2018] Fundacion de estudios financieros, (2013). ‘Financial Studies’. Available at: https://www.fef.es/. [Accessed 12/02/2018] Invest in Spain, (2017). ‘Guide to Business in Spain 2017’ Available at: http://www.investinspain.org/invest/wcm/idc/groups/ public/documents/documento/mde2/nje2/~edisp/doc2016616338. pdf. Accessed [12/02/2018] Mintec - Global, (2013). ‘Agricultural Importance in Spain’. Available at: https://www.mintecglobal.com/newsletter/agriculturalimportance-in-spain/. Accessed [12/02/2018] NYT, (no date). ‘Agriculture - Setting the Standards’. Available at: http://www.summitreports.com/nytd/reports/ spainvalencia/twelve.html. Accessed [12/02/2018]. Hogan, P. (2017). ‘Parliamentary Questions: Answer given by Mr Hogan on behalf of the Commission’. Available at: http://www. europarl.europa.eu/sides/getAllAnswers.do?reference=E-2017005154&language=EN. Accessed [13/02/2018] Generalitat Valencia, (2017). ‘Valencia Community’. Available at: http://www.ivf.gva.es/documents/16413/17172/ INVESTORS+PRESENTATION+FEBRUARY+2017.pdf/67957188357c-4a12-bc11-f000b3e2274d. Accessed [13/02/2018] European Commission, (2017). ‘Valencia Community’. Available at: https://ec.europa.eu/growth/tools-databases/regionalinnovation-monitor/base-profile/valencian-community. Accessed [13/02/2018] Office of Statistics (Valencia), (2017). ‘Year Book, 2017’. Available at: https://www.valencia.es/ayuntamiento/anuario.nsf/. Accessed [13/02/2018] Ajuntimento de Valencia, (2017), ‘2017: Statistics Summary of the City of València’. Available at: http://www.valencia. es/ayuntamiento/webs/estadistica/Recull/RECULL2017_Ingles.pdf. [Accessed 13/02/2018]
Ajuntimento de Valencia, (2016), ‘2016 Statistics Summary of the City of València’. Available at:: http://www.valencia. es/ayuntamiento/webs/estadistica/Recull/RECULL_Ingles.pdf. [Accessed 13/02/2018] Servicio Público de Empleo Estatal (SEPE), (2018) - ‘PARO REGISTRADO SEGÚN SEXO, EDAD Y SECTOR DE ACTIVIDAD ECONÓMICA’. Available at : https://www.sepe.es/ contenidos/que_es_el_sepe/estadisticas/datos_estadisticos/ municipios/2018/enero_2018/MUNI_VALENCIA_0118.pdf. [Accesed 13/02/2018] Servicio Público de Empleo Estatal (SEPE), (2017a) ‘Informe del Mercado de Trabajo de Valencia’. Available at : http://www.sepe.es/contenidos/ observatorio/mercado_trabajo/2773-1.pdf [Accessed 13/02/2018] Servicio Público de Empleo Estatal (SEPE), (2017b) - PARO REGISTRADO SEGÚN SEXO, EDAD Y SECTOR DE ACTIVIDAD ECONÓMICA’ Available at : http://www.sepe.es/ contenidos/que_es_el_sepe/estadisticas/datos_estadisticos/ municipios/2017/enero_2017/MUNI_VALENCIA_0117.pdf [Accessed 13/02/2018] Servicio Público de Empleo Estatal (SEPE), (2017c) boletín anual de mercado de trabajo municipal (*) 2016’ Available at : https://www.sepe.es/contenidos/observatorio/ mercado_trabajo/2892-1.pdf [Accessed 13/02/2018]
31
Regeneration Strategy
Issues
Regional Context
Key hubs of economic activity La Huerta is a primarily man-made agricultural landscape, defined by irrigation channels and field boundaries infiltrated by detached houses and small farmsteads throughout the landscape. These homes are mostly of the traditional Alquiera style and are often very historic. Alboraya is a dense settlement that has undergone massive expansion in the last 30-40 years - the population has increased from 10,786 individuals (1981) to 24,031 (2017) representing an increase of 122% (City Population, 2017). The city plan is dictated by a unplanned, organic historical centre and regimented Roman era town planning spreading to its boundaries.
Connectivity between hotspots
Accessibility and connectivity to Valencia Patacona and Malvarrosa beaches are connected to another, and in total measure approx. 4km in length. They are both characterised by wide stretches of low-lying sand formations and are a popular tourist spot due to their accessibility and beauty. The distinct character of these individual areas are what make them unique and appealing places for visitors and locals alike. However, it is the wider regions’ downfall as the three hubs economically benefit from trade and the infilling landscape is neglected in terms of visitors. There is a lack of cohesion and connectivity between the areas and the boundaries feel abrupt.
Alboraya, and La Huerta are easily accessible from the centre of Valencia via the Metro underground system. Lines 3 & 9 both stop at both Metro Stations in Alboraya; AlborayaPalmaret and Alboraya-Peris AragĂł. This allows easy access to the site, from the centre of Valencia, within a 30-35 minute journey (Google Maps, 2018). The eastern boundary of La Huerta can be reached within a ten minute walk from both stations. Both routes are fully wheelchair / disability accessible with both stations having step-free access from train to platform, lifts from platform to street level and dropped kerbs and ramps along their length.
Landscape and Regional Context Group, 2018). The beaches are accessible by public transport within a 50-60 minute journey using both the Metro and bus networks (Google Maps, 2018). The City Council of Alboraya has recently introduced a bike loan service to increase the sustainable transport opportunities to residents travelling between Alboraya and Valencia (Alboraia Ajuntament, 2018). It is connected to the popular MIBISI system that is in operation in the City of Valencia and allows users to pay a monthly fee for access to the collection of available bikes.
La Huerta is situated in the middle of the City of Alboraya and the beaches and is easily accessible from both on foot. However, the connectivity between the City of Alboraya and the beaches is poorly defined and limited in nature. The current journey times between the two is 40 minutes walking (along a relatively busy road through La Huerta) and 40 minutes by public transport (via the City of Valencia), neither of which are particularly convenient for users. In order to address this issue, we are presented with the opportunity to better the connectivity between the three areas and increase the amount of sites of interest along these new routes.
Alboraya and La Huerta are also accessible by bus, via route 70. The eastern boundary of La Huerta can be reached within a 40 minute journey from the centre of Valencia (30 minute bus ride and 10 minute walk) (Google Maps, 2018;
32
Regeneration Strategy
Issues
Regional Context
S
N TO
R FA
Urban sprawl
Noise
Conclusion
Bibliography
La Huerta is protected from development in an attempt to curb the urban sprawl in Valencia, specifically from the city of Valencia and the town of Alboraya. The exceptions to this is are a few areas on the outskirts of Alboraya where future development is permitted, however this must be used in part for public buildings such as schools. One of these areas is immediately adjacent to the industrial area to the north of la Huerta, which has been flagged by the local authority as an area that should be used for screening the unsightly industrial buildings from la Huerta (Tomas, 2018).
La Huerta is fairly quiet compared to the neighbouring urban areas, however there are still many vehicles (including large vans and lorries) that travel in and around la Huerta, mainly for agricultural use. The main road between Alboraya and la Huerta has an approximate average noise level of 71dB and the fields in the centre have an approximate average noise level of 64dB. As la Huerta is surrounded by busy roads there is not much of a discrepancy in noise levels across the site.
After analysing the regional and landscape issues associated with La Huerta, it appears that the most prominent issues are related to connectivity and the inter-connection between the distinct areas found in the region. We have outlined the short travel distances between the region and Valencia and the many methods of available transport. However the travel times between the highlighted zones are much poorer, as too is the travel infrastructure, which provides us with an opportunity to attempt to address this issue within our overall strategy plan for the region.
Alboraia Ajuntament (2018). Xufabike [online]. Available at: http://www.alboraya.org/es_ES/web//xufa-bike [Accessed 12th February 2018] City Population (2017). Alboraia [online]. Available at: http://www.citypopulation.de/php/spain-comunitatvalenciana. php?cityid=46013 [Accessed 12th February 2018] Generalitat Valenciana (2017a) Plan de Acciรณn Territorial de Ordenaciรณn y Dinamizaciรณn de la Huerta de Valencia, Propuesta de Plan. Google Maps (2018). Valencia - Alboraya [online]. Available at: https://www.google.co.uk/maps/dir/ Valencia,+Spain/39.495417,-0.3481036/@39.4934145,0.3537881,2513m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m9!4m8!1m5!1m 1!1s0xd604f4cf0efb06f:0xb4a351011f7f1d39!2m2!1d0.3762881!2d39.4699075!1m0!3e3 [Accessed 12th February 2018] Landscape and Regional Context Group (2018). Connectivity. Tomas, S. (2018). Meeting with Alboraya Municipal Architect. 31.01.18.
The industrial area to the north of la Huerta has light industrial buildings covering a wide range of uses, including: plumbers, electricians, car maintenance and repair, industrial equipment supplier, recycling centre, farton factory, graphic designers, recording studio and sports clubs as well as the local police station.
In addition to these issues, we understand that both urban sprawl and noise pollution are limited in the extent to which they will increase due to the protection offered to La Huerta. This does not however negate the related issues that affect La Huerta in terms of industrial encroachment and high traffic volumes present on the road network.
33
Regeneration Strategy
Issues
Sustainability
La Huerta is protected from a number of sustainability issues, due to its designated protected status (Social Group, 2018), that include; the prevention of urban sprawl by Valencia, over development issues related to an increasing population and environmental degradation related to the use of pesticides/ fertilisers. It does however face a number of issues related to sustainability that are outlined on the following pages, and that we aim to resolve within our strategy plan.
Recycling and waste management The European Commission released its Environmental Implementation Review in 2017 and highlighted the need for Spain, as a country, to increase its levels of recycling. At the time of the report, 55% of solid waste generated in Spain was sent to landfill sites compared to an EU average of 28% (European Commission, 2017). The Alboraya City Council is seeking to address this issue by encouraging the use of the Ecopark, (a recycling centre) located in the huerta, to dispose of recyclable household waste (Alboraia Ajuntament, 2018b). The Ecopark is located within a 5 minute drive from the site and a 17 minute walk (Google Maps, 2018). The location of the Ecopark may prevent it being used to its full potential as it is not easily accessible to the majority of the inhabitants of Alboraya.
In addition to the Ecopark, the City Council has also introduced a number of measures to ensure that agricultural waste is collected efficiently. 15 containers are provided within the huerta for the collection of plastics used in the solarization process - where sheets are used to improve soil condition and pest control in an environmentally friendly way (Alboraia Ajuntament, 2018c). The local authority is then in charge of the appropriate disposal/recycling of the collected plastics. The City Council of Alboraya is also working with the activist volunteer group BIOagradables and local shop-owners to clean up litter in the local area (Alboraia Ajuntament, 2017; Alboraia Ajuntament, 2018a). These initiatives are designed to ensure that local people are encouraged to recycle and dispose of their litter appropriately to reduce the need for interventions by the City Council.
34
Regeneration Strategy
Issues
Sustainability
Renewable energy and EU influences
Irrigation system and water supply
Conclusion
As dictated by the European Commission, member states are required to produce a National Action Plan for Renewable Energy to ensure that they conform to the regulations set out in the Renewable Energy Directive (European Commission, 2018). According to this directive, Spain must achieve 20% of energy supply from renewable sources by 2020 and it estimates that it will achieve an overall figure of 22.7% by the 2020 (Enermed, 2018).
The municipality of Alboraya is served by the Sequia de Rascanya canal of the Turia River. The historical irrigation system is governed by the 8 democratically elected members of the Tribunal de Las Aguas (Water Court) and was established over 2,000 years ago (VLC Valencia, 2018).
As a country, Spain is underperforming in relation Alboraia Ajuntament (2017). BIOagradables celebrates its fifth anniversary in Alboraya [online]. Available at: http://www. to recycling targets and is currently sending too alboraya.org/es_ES/web/guest/detalle-noticia?groupId=13503&articl much solid waste to landfill sites. We have been eId=156473 [Accessed 12th February 2018] Alboraia Ajuntament (2018a). Collaborate with Businesses able to gather a significant quantity of data that [online]. Available at: http://www.alboraya.org/es_ES/web/mediosuggest that the region of Valencia, and Alboraya, ambiente/colaborar-con-los-comercios [Accessed 12th February is tackling this issue at City Council level with 2018] Alboraia Ajuntament (2018b). Ecopark [online]. Available the funding of the Ecopark and agricultural waste at: http://www.alboraya.org/es_ES/web/medio-ambiente/ecoparque removal services in the area. Our strategy will aim [Accessed 12th February 2018] to compliment these existing initiatives. Alboraia Ajuntament (2018c). The City Council of Alboraya
As the region of Valencia is an autonomous region they have the power to set their own energy plan as stipulated in the Strategic Infrastructure Plan 2010-2020. Within the region of Valencia, according to available data from 2013, 18.86% of the regions total energy demand is provided by renewable sources - so is sitting slightly short of the target of 20% (REE, 2013). This affords the opportunity to explore the inclusion of renewable energy sources in our strategic plan. The inclusion of wind power is considered inappropriate due the large costs associated with installing the necessary infrastructure and ongoing maintenance costs. Small scale solar power is a popular choice, however recent reductions in subsidies and incentives have reduced its popularity amongst domestic clients.
According to both Anna Bru (the Deputy Mayor of Alboraya) and Jose Lliso Burriel (the technical engineer of Public Works of the City Council of Alboraya) the water level of the Turia River is falling year on year and impacting the reliability of the irrigation system. As Mr Burriel elaborated, in some years the Turia River only reaches 15 - 30% of its usual flow / output and during these times it becomes necessary to pump water from underground reservoirs (Sustainability Group, 2018). The impacts that this has on underground water supply is unclear, and no corroborative evidence can be sourced. The management of water levels of the Turia River does not fall wholely under the jurisdiction of Alboraya City Council and therefore a strategy to resolve the issue will not be included for the area. The retention of the existing irrigation system will form a fundamental element of our strategy due to its protected nature and cultural significance.
According to the most recently available data (2013) the country is on target to reach its required 20% renewable energy target (European Commission, 2017). Valencia is not currently meeting its target and is at 18.86%. This provides the opportunity to include appropriate renewable energy sources within our strategy, albeit on an larger scale due to the recently reduced tax breaks and incentives for domestic supplies to the grid. As the water level of the Turia River is falling year-on-year, due to reduced snow and rainfall further up-river, farmers in La Huerta are resorting to modern irrigation systems over traditional ones to more effectively conserve and reduce the amount of water used. Encouraging this activity whilst retaining the existing channels will form a fundamental element of our strategy.
Bibliography
committed to the recycling of agricultural plastics [online]. Available at: http://www.alboraya.org/es_ES/web/guest/detalle-noticia?groupId =13503&articleId=156376 [Accessed 12th February 2018] BIOagradables (2018). Homepage [online]. http:// bioagradables.org/ [Accessed 12th February 2018] Enermed (2018). Renewable Energies in Valencia [online]. Available at: http://www.enermedproject.eu/en/valencia-spain.html [Accessed 12th February 2018] European Commission (2017). EU Environmental Implementation Review: Highlights - Spain [online]. Available at: http://ec.europa.eu/environment/eir/pdf/factsheet_es_en.pdf [Accessed 12th February 2018] European Commission (2018). National Action Plans [online]. Available at: https://ec.europa.eu/energy/en/topics/ renewable-energy/national-action-plans [Accessed 12th February 2018] Red ElĂŠctrica de EspaĂąa (2013). Annual Report 2013 [online]. Available at: http://www.ree.es/en/publications/annualreport-2013 [Accessed 12th February 2018] Social Group (2018). Huerta Law and Protection Over Time. Sustainability Group (2018). Information from Sustainability Group. VLC Valencia (2018). The Water Court [online]. Available at: http://www.visitvalencia.com/en/what-to-visit-valencia/ monuments/list-of-monuments/monument/7834 [Accessed 12th February 2018]
35
Regeneration Strategy
Issues
Important Issues and Conclusion
Agricultural Society
Economic
Agricultural issues concentrate on the viability of the farming way of life, this viability is focused on viability of the agricultural workforce and employment, including issues of aging and migration and the collapse of family farming as well as small farm size making the Huerta inefficient. There are also issues of abandonment and ownership as well as conflict over the proposed Huerta action plan and conservation law.
Unemployment is the major economic issue, with the region having unemployment of 18.1%, with agricultural modernisation and concerns over viability affecting the agricultural employment rates and the desire for popular service sector jobs exceed the available jobs affecting service sector employment rates. The Spanish economy is also still recovering from the 2008 credit crunch, meaning no money is available from the national government, only from the EU.
Regional Context
Sustainability
The intricate field, road and irrigation system make connectivity an issue within the Huerta, it takes a long time to travel across the landscape towards the beach. Issues also occur with urban sprawl and noise from the surrounding motorways, though these, especially urban sprawl is mitigated by existing regulation and legislation.
The main issues surrounding sustainability include the management and sustaining of the irrigation system and its water supply. There are also issues of the lack of renewable energy and recycling and waste management systems.
Heritage and Regulation
These main issues present themselves to be solved within a holistic approach. We have analysed that the agricultural issues dominate the Huerta, as the landscaped is defined by this way of life. We have then determined that heritage and regulation, economic, regional context, social and sustainable issues are important, in that order. We seem to have to rejuvenate the landscape to create a viable solutions to these socio-economic problems and create resilience and capacity to address future issues and stop current issues returning.
The major issues to contend with to do with heritage and regulation seem to be the level of protection and development restrictions the local and regional government place upon it, though this conserves the landscape does it harm viability and hinder socio-economic progress. Issues of land ownership and building uses also occur. The compliance of planning regulations and respect of traditional typologies also creates issues.
Conclusion
36
Regeneration Strategy
Issues
SWOT Analysis
STRENGTHS OF OUR SITE
- Despite a significantly high amount of waste going to landfill in Spain (55%), Alboraya City Council has a range of waste removal initiatives in place to increase recycling in the municipality
WEAKNESSES OF OUR SITE
- High levels of unemployment in the region, focused mainly within the service sector - Main use of the landscape, agriculture, is becoming unviable due to a range of issues, leading to abandonment
- Alboraya and La Huerta have strong cultural and landscape related heritage assets - Alboraya is located in close proximity to the urban areas of Valencia. It has a strong transportation network that links Alboraya to Valencia (and vice versa), consisting of the Metro, the bus network and Xufabike
- The irrigation system is strictly controlled which has led to the formation of small parcels of agricultural land which is under rigid protection
- Has an incredibly picturesque landscape boasting attractive vistas and views both into and within the area
- The huerta is segmented due to recent infrastructure projects, including the main road from the north into Valencia and the coastal railway line
- Is located to the North of Valencia and benefits from a good solar orientation, that is sheltered from prevailing winds
- There is a lack of connectivity between the three hubs of economic activity that have been highlighted
- Well managed and maintained (in places) historical irrigation system which gives La Huerta its unique identity
- Strict planning regulations attributed to listed buildings that are for their protection but that offer little leeway to homeowners and prevent the construction of new family dwellings (which are much sought after properties)
- Has both domestic and international connections that locate the City (and therefore the site) in a good position for tourists, which are currently increasing year on year
- Poor quality roads, paths and basic infrastructure within la huerta, and along the rural-urban fringe
- Has an array of listed buildings that are preserved as they are considered heritage assets
- Boundaries between the huerta and urban areas is of a poor quality and is currently not meeting its full potential
OPPORTUNITIES OF OUR SITE
- Strong transport links to the City of Valencia and Alboraya beaches offer the opportunity to attract visitors from a range of places (both from domestic and international markets)
THREATS OF OUR SITE
- Potential encroachment from Valencia (urban sprawl) - Abandonment of fields and houses which could result in a potential loss in the way of life and the associated culture
- Abandoned fields and buildings offer the opportunity to utilise them for a range of uses, including; renewable energy production, community spaces and complimentary to agriculture economic activity
- Loss of heritage assets due to poor maintenance (funding is not available and strict regulations are in place)
- Opportunity to upgrade, connect and enhance heritage trails and other existing footpaths and roadways in the area (by including; signage, information boards, cover irrigation channels, formation of a agricultural co-operatives etc.)
- If too many tourists are attracted to the area it could result in the degradation of the area and could impact significantly on the way of life
- To encourage more sustainable farming techniques and processes to increase the viability of agriculture in the area and - Falling water level of the Turia River may mean that the current, historical irrigation system becomes unviable to become a model for the regeneration of the other five huertas in the Mediterranean - There is a number of existing community groups which we could consult with / use for input on our strategy - Opportunity to include solar panels - Eligible for a range of funding streams
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Regeneration Strategy
Brief and Rationale Outline
38
Regeneration Strategy
Nurture the Possible
39
Regeneration Strategy
Strategy Initial Ideas
40
Regeneration Strategy
Precedents
Cultural Landscapes Cultural Landscapes are landscapes which recognise the culture and heritage of a place and the relationships between people and landscape and how this defines and is defined by their culture and society.
Precedent Wachau Cultural Landscape, is composed of a stretch of the Danube valley between the Austrian towns of Melk and Krems. It’s uniquely picturesque and acts as a microcosm of regional historical development, with it’s architecture, urban deign and agricultural uses, principally vines. This landscape defined by history and agriculture echoes the Huerta, high levels of protection and care allow for it’s continued preservation with the local governments working together with experts to conserve the area through action plans. It receives state and EU funding to help maintain this conservation. Local policy encourages wine production and tourism to help preserve the landscape. This highlights ways to preserve the landscape (whc/unesco, 2018).
Precedent The par force hunting landscape lies within north Zealand in Denmark, it is composed of two designed forests, which were developed for Danish kings in the 17th/18th centuries for them to par force hunt (hunt with hounds). Hunting lanes are laid out in a unique star system and grid pattern with numbered stone posts, fencing and a hunting lodge, this landscape uniquely highlights baroque landscaping principles in forested areas. Development has affected some historic elements, but current preservation has halted this; the forests are mostly state/municipality owned and is know protected via government laws. The forest is managed by the Nature Agency with fifteen year plans being developed by stakeholders to manage the landscape. The agency for palaces and cultural properties manage some elements within the landscape; a united steering committee allows for collaboration in conservation, highlighting how collaboration is necessary to manage landscapes. Tourism also provides economic opportunity for this landscape (whc/unesco, 2018).
Precedent Champagne in France features many historic vineyards, these are unique due to there production of champagne (sparkling wine) since the 17th century, the cultural landscape helps illustrate the production process of the drink and the development of the artisan craft of champagne drinking. Champagne production has changed the landscape, introducing new town planning concepts and architecture, specifically underground architecture. The elements are fairly well preserved but have had to adapt to modern production techniques, though the cellar network within the local chalk quarries continue to be used, tourism and champagne production are the notable economic assets of the area. The elements are extensively protected, with regulation, land management and heritage listing backed by French and EU regulations, It also features a specific appellation and commitment zone with a management system to make sure only sparkling wine from the area is called Champagne and the area is conserved. Similarly to the Huerta, this area features an unique agricultural landscape and products, Champagne in France, Horchata in the Huerta, we can use Champagne to inspire this idea of emphasising the unique values of the area (whc/unesco, 2018).
Precedent The ‘Garden Kingdom’ of Dessau-Wörlitz in Saxony-Anhalt (Germany) highlights enlightenment landscape design and planning design from the 18th century, it includes buildings, parks and gardens in the ‘English’ style and modified agricultural landscapes, serving aesthetic, educational and economic purposes. |t highlights a unique landscape based on values of the day, interlinked with political messaging, i.e. using Gothic architectural style, chosen to play into nationalist agendas. The area is well preserved being full protected under German law as Nature reserves and a landscape area, as well as other state and national laws and regulations, development plans have been produced to coordinate stakeholders to help conserve the area (whc/unesco, 2018).
Precedent The Aranjuez cultural landscape sits within the green belt around Madrid in Spain, it like the Huerta marries nature and human activity, the rural and urban, similar to the Huerta and forested landscapes and palatial buildings. For 300 years, royal interventions have created the landscape we see today, mirroring historical trends such as humanism and political agendas. The area features baroque gardens, a palace and landscapes. Agriculture and tourism are the primary sources of income within this well maintained landscape. This is due to extensive regulation, being an place of historic value and guaranteed preservation via laws, most of the historic elements are managed by the Patrimonio Nacional, a heritage board under a comprehensive management plan. This gives us an Spanish precedent and shares many characteristics with the Huerta (whc/ unesco, 2018). Bibliography whc/unesco. (2018). Cultural Landscapes. [online] Available at: http://whc.unesco.org/en/ culturallandscape/ [Accessed 18 Feb. 2018].
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Regeneration Strategy
Precedents
Cultural Landscapes
Precedent Bali is an island and province of Indonesia, it is a centre of tourism in the area. This tourism has become an agent of change and preservation of the landscape, it can be argued economic rationale is necessary for landscape preservation. Bali’s landscape is defined by agriculture, similar to the Huerta. It is a volcanic island, from upland forests to terraced slopes defining the landscape across the island. The island has a rich religious and historic dimension, being significantly (≈90%) Hindu, unlike the rest of Indonesia which is Islamic dominated. This religious aspect has defined the landscape as well, with the highest point of the island, Mt. Agung being venerated in Balinese culture, with the spatial urban layout of villages being in-line with direction to the mountain in linear layouts, this is also elaborated by the layout of temples, shrines and irrigation systems, being based on the spiritual connection to the mountain. The tourist industry has focused on the southern and coastal areas of Bali, with young mostly Australian tourists there for sun, sand and alternative lifestyles. These areas are not as spiritually significant, this strategy was implemented to minimise the impact of the rest of Bali from tourism, with the landscape significantly being changed and character lost in these areas,
but temples and spatial layouts are still retained to an extent. The south has been scarified for the rest of Bali to be preserved, but this caused accusations from inland and northern residents that they were not getting the economic benefits from tourism, they waited these benefits with there southern neighbours had gained. This led to a new strategy of additional tourism areas and an idea of promoting day-trips; reducing negative impacts, but some impacts has been felt especially with spatial reorganisation and new urban typologies, such as the souvenir shop and hotel. Some other impacts have occurred such as access to beaches for local ritual and economic practices. It seems important to be careful to balance economic gain with cultural loss to secure the attraction of the Balinese unique paradise in the first place (Wall, 1998). Bibliography Wall, G. (1998). Landscape Resources, Tourism and Landscape Change in Bali, Indonesia. In: G. Ringer, ed., Destinations: Cultural landscapes of tourism, 1st ed. London: Routledge, pp.51-62.
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Regeneration Strategy
Craft
Opportunity Melanie Bowles
The People’s Print
Supercrafted MakeWorks Kate Maestri
Craft Craft is an approach, attitude or action, a way o doing things in response to cultural, economic, social and political frameworks, it could be described as a way of thinking. It often represents a personal or symbolic relationship with a particular place, with craft identities being very apparent with regional and national differences, mirroring the diversity of activities which form craft. Nowadays, crafts can be defined in the context of rural regeneration, offering opportunities for economic development and being a stimulus for other local trades. Craft town initiatives can emphasise and facilitate the use of crafts to develop and regenerate rural areas. Open studio networks could also be used to increase market visibility and connect makers. There are many techniques to catalyse local craft enterprise including these and linking local producers, sellers and communities, re-engaging craft making with local places. The craft marketplace is wide and complex, with many craftspeople selling directly to the public via their own studio, shop or home and via commissions and specialist craft fairs. Indirectly, craftspeople sell their works through retail, commercial galleries and exhibitions. Nowadays, the internet provides a significant platform for
selling crafts, through personal websites or through craft retail sites such as Etsy and Folksy, this has also allowed part-time and amateur craftspeople to contribute to the industry further.
artist Kate Maestri; whom uses contemporary Craftspeople are engaging with social media and stained glass innovatively to design site-specific digital content to develop networks with customer/ installations in collaboration with architects and consumer and promote quality and raise their engineers. She explores structural and three profile, an example is Supercrafted, a two year dimensional stained glass as experiences in Research has indicated ‘place’ and the local and research project at Falmouth University which colour, light and form. Some of her works includes increasingly important to customers when looking explores how digital connectivity can benefit a 200m structural, curved stained glass balustrade for craft products, this goes against expectations craft practice and how craftspeople can gain at the Sage, Gateshead, working in collaboration that new digital craft fabrication techniques would better access to global markets and forge new with Foster+Partners, and a facade for a 10storey internationalise and take the local out of craft. relationships with audiences, customers, makers circulation tower, double glazed and screen and suppliers; it’s found how digital content can printed with ceramic enamel in central London in An example of digital fabrication and craft tell stories therefore adding value to craft objects collaboration with Jestico+Whiles. cooperating is the MakeWorks project, and connect producer, supplier, collaborator and established in 2012 this independent, community customer. These further relate to the idea of site-specific embedded organisation facilitates and promotes work, often in relation to rural regeneration and artisan craft fabrication in Scotland. It focuses on Another example is the People’s Print, based in tourism. Visual art, sculpture and architecture can local creative production and offers craftspeople London which enables communities to design respond to both natural and man-made elements information about facilities and processes to and create their own textiles, combining traditional of the landscape. Public art can create identities create new products and business models to and digital technologies, open source, co-design, and highlight community togetherness and their encourage small0scake production, this includes centralised print bureaux and participator design unique quality. An example is Steven Follen a an online directory; a network to facilitate to create textiles and fashion for a sustainable metalworker and drawer. He makes metal vessels making and increase better understanding to future by harnessing social networks and and artefacts and produces design solutions improve design processes and encourage local communities to provide emotionally durable for site-specific commissions. Projects include sustainable production. design and crafts-people’s autonomy. commissions for the entrance foyer to Craft Study Centre, Farnham and a processional cross for St Another example is the work of London-based Craftspeople are starting to use their specialist Botolph’s church, Aldgate as a memorial to the textile designer Melanie Bowles; who reinterprets skills, knowledge, experience, innovation and victims of the London Bombings. traditional textile techniques using digital media, product development to diversify into other she involves consumers throughout the designsectors and markets. Examples include sculptors, process and production of bespoke heritage textile weavers, furniture makers, artists and textile prints that reflect the customer’s character architects; this diversification emphasises and environment. collaborations . One example is architectural glass
Steven Follen
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Regeneration Strategy
Craft Tourism Opportunity
Creative Breaks
Farnham Craft Town
Woodland Workshops
West Kilbride Craft Town Scotland
HandMade in America Local Cloth
Craft Tourism Consumers are often keen to develop their own creative skills, providing creative tourism and craft tourism as new, popular industries and activities; such as craft workshops which offer high-quality experiential learning opportunities allowing craftspeople to share their skills and raise their profile and prestige as well as providing vital income sources. They also provide direct experience of the creative process and conveys makers quality, authenticity and validates their craft skills.
creative exploration. This creative rural escape features craft and rural offerings and have opened up a niche within the market and created new business opportunities for local craftspeople, caterers, hotels and restaurants.
visitors.
Farnham in Surrey, initiated a ‘craft town’ project, taking the idea from Hay-on-Wye’s success as a national literature and book centre. Farnham wanted to emphasise it’s craft offering as key to It seems successful craft tourism relies on webits cultural offer using it’s historical association based marketing and service design is critical to with ceramics, particularly the Farnham pottery delivering high quality creative experiences. and Greenware, taking existing markets, programmes and partnerships with galleries, There are many examples of residential and non- art centres for example the Farnham Maltings residential craft centres, providing workshops and and the Crafts Study Centre. The local authority promoting themselves, examples include Craft branded the city as ‘England’s Craft Town’ in Craft tourism can provide opportunities for rural in the Bay in Cardiff and New Brewery Arts in October 2013 with a new logo and website with economic development, opening up markets and Cirencester amongst others. links to local craft tourism sites and by hosting a providing stimulus for other local trades; therefore month of free public activities; encouraging locals supporting local employment and businesses via Creative Breaks is a not-for-profit association to experiment with craft and making. the use of associated visitor services and using of artists and crafts people, established in local suppliers and distributors. Herefordshire in 2000 to introduce visitors and Another craft town is West Kilbride, designated locals to local artists and promote courses, as Scotland’s only craft and design town, It An example is woodworker and furniture maker workshops and holidays on a wide range of aims to champion Scottish craft-making and Guy Mallinson who has transferred his skill-set crafts. It now runs nationwide and features the craft produced is rooted in ‘sense of place’ and experience to build the Woodland Workshops 300+ courses from maker’s own workshops and and local distinctiveness with Scottish craft business, which has become a key tenant of studios and offer leisure experiences focused on traditions. The initiative was established to Dorset’s cultural tourism offering. Visitors can relaxation, fun and creative exploration in a rural develop a vibrant community of local makers with learn carving and green wood working skills environment, some provide accommodation. an ongoing programme of activity and support within a rural forested setting, this is furthered for makers, residents and visitors. Subsidised by local food and luxury glamping opportunities. Craft has allowed for engagement with history rents are provided on workshops and studios for The workshops employ in addition to Guy, 7 local and traditions, expressing ‘place identities. This craftspeople and open studios are promoted all woodworkers, basket makers, cabinet makers has also included the revival of craft towns, year, providing the town with a raised profile and and designers offering ‘on demand’ courses such as Totnes in Devon and Farnham, Surrey. ‘sense of place’. These subsidised venues act as immersing clients in making, relaxing, fun and These town’s craft identities appeal to and attract ‘anchor points’ along the town’s main street and
other independent retailers and services have grown up around them. The initiative also included craft exhibitions and education and events programmes, in the purpose-designed Barony Centre. All profits are reinvested in sustaining and developing this cultural hub.
allowing the local textile economy to be sustained. This is enhanced by ‘farm to fashion’ exhibitions, support for local galleries , community dye studio and a local yarn company. This is all brought together by cohesive branding and labels (Brown, 2014).
Farnham and West Kilbride both recognise that Conclusion it’s important to build on existing place assets and In conclusion, Crafts and craft towns can build identity, and how these address local needs. upon local tradition and context to provide economic sustainability and enhance their area’s An international example of successful use of viability. local craft heritage to promote a ‘sense of place’ is the community-led HandMade in America, Possible Crafts we could look at in Alboraya established 20 years ago; pioneering ways to include: increase the local economy. It is composed of a - Painting network of ‘Craft Towns’ in North Carolina, which - Pottery/Ceramics are connected by a guidebook of ‘Craft Heritage - Cooking Trails’ which feature different studios, shops and - Gardening and Farming galleries and has created a regional place identity; - Metalwork it’s creatively place-maked in a rural context. The - Jewellery Making initiative has linked craft-makers, customers and - Weaving tourists together, promoting ‘place’ and providing - Building Techniques economic sustainability. It’s craft cluster initiative - Furniture making and woodwork encourages local, sustainable economy for each craft medium. Bringing together manufacturers of Bibliography craft media (i.e. fibre, wood, metal, glass and clay) Brown, J. (2014). Making it local: what does this artists, consumers and businesses enhancing the mean in the context of contemporary craft?. local craft industry. This was initiated with a Fibre [online] London: Crafts Council. Available at: http:// Cluster (Now called, Local Cloth) encouraging www.craftscouncil.org.uk/content/files/Crafts_ collaboration between textile artists, designers, Council_Local_Report_Web_SinglePages.pdf fibre farmers, suppliers and small businesses [Accessed 18 Feb. 2018].
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EXISTING ALBORAYAN CRAFTS
Regeneration Strategy
Craft Industries in Valencia/Alboraya DRESSMAKER
CABINETMAKER (X2)
ORXATA MAKER
CLOCKMAKERS LACE & LACE FANS
LEATHERWORKERS
WICKERWORK SILK MANUFACTURING
HORCHATA
MAJOR HISTORIC VALENCIAN CRAFTS
METALWORKER
LEATHERWORKER
JEWELLER
BOOKBINDER
Centro de Artisana: Comunitat Valenciana, 2018b
SILK
The above lists demonstrates artisan craft industries already in existence within Alboraya. Through the range of craft industries that will be within the C23 organisation we wish to build upon and enhance existing craft heritage within Alboraya. Furthermore, a major ambition of C23 is to promote and protect the regions artistic and cultural roots.
www.ourworldforyou.com, 2016
Silk production within Valencia dates back to the Arab Occupation and the planting of Mulberry Trees in the 8th Century. Silk production defined the city of Valencia for much of its history - reaching its peak in the 15th Century (VisitValencia, 2016). In 2016, in recognition of the role that the silk industry played in shaping Valencia the city was designated the ‘City of Silk’. With this, came the launch of a silk trail - taking in key tourist attractions related to Valencia’s rich silk history. These include Lonja De La Seda - the cities UNESCO Heritage Site silk exchange, built in the 15th century. Furthermore, the trail takes in the Silk Museum, Tamarit Palace and the cities Velluters ‘artisans of silk’ district named after the high number of silk weavers that were based there. (VisitValencia, 2017). Within Comunidad Valenciana there is an organisation called “Centro de Artisana: Comunitat Valenciana” (2018a) whose aim is to develop a network of artisan craft producers within Valencia to protect the regions artistic and cultural roots. Within Valencia province, there are 9 artisan silk makers registered with Centro de Artisana, however none of these are registered within Alboraya.
STRING, WIND AND PERCUSSION INSTRUMENT MAKER (X2)
CERAMICS Valencia has a rich history of ceramic production - dating back from the Moorish Occupation of the region. Shortly after the Moorish occupation, a town called Manises which is siuated West of the city of Valencia (near the airport) became a major producer of world-class lustered (varnished) ceramic tiles (www.atlasobscura.com, no date). Between the 14th and 16th centuries, these reflective and metalic finished tiles brought the region fame throughout Europe. However, decline in interest in Valencian Region ceramics occured between the 17th and 19th Centuries (Valencia Turisme, 2018). Today, Valencian ceramic production is primarily made up of industrial enterpreneurs and artisan producers, supported by The Valencian Assosciation of Ceramics (Asociación Valenciana de Cerámica, 2018) and is still focused around Manises.
CERAMICS
Bibliography VisitValencia, (2016). ‘Valencia: City of Silk’. [online]. Available at: http://www.visitvalencia.com/en/blog/valencia-city-of-silk/. Accessed [25/02/2018] VisitValencia, (2017). ‘Silk Trail in Valencia’. [online]. Available at: http://www.visitvalencia.com/en/blog/silk-trail-in-valencia/. Accessed [25/02/2018] Centro de Artisana: Comunitat Valenciana (2018a). ‘Home’. [online]. Available at: http://www.centroartesaniacv.com/?acceso=publico&menu=quienes. Accessed [25/02/2018] Centro de Artisana: Comunitat Valenciana (2018b). ‘Directory of Craftsmen and Women in the Valencian Community’. [online]. Available at: http://www.centroartesaniacv.com/?acceso=publico&menu=directorio&submenu=artesanos. Accessed [25/02/2018] www.ourworldforyou.com, (2016). ‘12 things to see & do in Valencia, Spain’ [online]. Available at: https://www.ourworldforyou.com/12things-valencia-spain/. Accessed [25/02/2018] www.atlastobscura.com, (2016). ‘The Ceramics of Manises’ Available at: https://atlasobscura.com/places/the-ceramics-of-manises. Accessed [25/02/2018] VisitValencia, (2017). ‘Manises’. Available at :https://www. valenciaturisme.org/en/municipio/manises/. Accessed. [25/02/2018]
C23 CRAFT PRODUCTION POSSIBILITIES
Asociación Valenciana de Cerámica, (2018). ‘Asociación Valenciana de Cerámica’. Available at: http://www.avec.com// Accessed [25/02/2018]
WOODWORKING
CERAMIC PRODUCTION
PAINTING STUDIO
SILK PRODUCTION
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Regeneration Strategy
Phasing
46
Regeneration Strategy
Phasing
C23, Paseo de Aragon Park Upgrade and Connections
47
Regeneration Strategy
Strategies 1, 2 & 3 Catalyst Phasing
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Regeneration Strategy
Strategy 4
Agricultural Cooperative Phasing
49
Regeneration Strategy
Strategies
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Regeneration Strategy
Strategy 1 C23
Strategy 1 ~ 507,035m2 / 125.3 acres Strategy 1 encompasses a fairly large area of la Huerta, chosen as it includes one of the heritage trails, the two sites for the individual project, as well as a number of abandoned buildings and fields. The main access roads to la Huerta are also in this area. This creates many opportunities, such as community projects, for the Agricultural Cooperative and for new businesses to start up which will subsequently create more employment opportunities. Abandoned Field ~ 2300m2 This abandoned field will be used for allotments. andoned Field ~ 8500m2 This abandoned field will be used for allotments and in tandem with Club de l’Horta down the road who teach the community and the local children about la Huerta and its agriculture heritage. This will be available for anyone in Alboraya to use to promote healthy living and this field was chosen because of its proximity to the road and therefore it is easy to access. The abandoned building on site will be renovated and used an information centre for both C23 and the Agricultural Cooperative with the C23 branding on the facade to help advertise the initiative to passers by.
Potential Uses for the Abandoned Buildings The abandoned buildings and fields will not be restricted to a particular use, the new owner or renter will be able to choose what viable business they would like to start up. The new businesses must be in-keeping with the rest of la Huerta. Some of the options include: - Horchata Cafe - Agricultural Museum - Pottery Workshop - Silk Worms and Textile Production - Agua de Valencia Production - Handicraft Workshops - Cooking School - Artist’s Workshop - Metalworking - Building Technique Workshop - Farming
Abandoned Field ~ 1440m2 These abandoned fields could be used as accompanying land for the buildings, such as crops for the cooking school. If they are not needed for the building they will be cultivated as part of the Agricultural Cooperative so that the land does not sit empty and barren. Community Area ~ 6800m2 This currently abandoned field will be turned into a community area for residents of la Huerta and Alboraya. The area is fairly central to Strategy 1 and easily accessible to those around la Huerta down a track from the north side. Another path will be created to the south side between two fields to allow pedestrians to access the area from both sides. The family oriented area will include shading, benches and some semi-permanent storage as well as a small cafe in order to create a vibrant ‘hub’ for C23 which will be available for anyone to use.
Abandoned Field ~ 2400m2 Both of these fields will be community-owned and leased out by the Agricultural Cooperative to create some extra revenue.
Extra pedestrian access created to the south side of the Community Area
Abandoned Field ~ 3100m2
Abandoned Field ~ 1500m2
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Regeneration Strategy
Strategy 1 C23
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Regeneration Strategy
Strategy 2
Paseo de Aragon Park Upgrade Strategy 2 ~ 62,007m2 / 15.3 acres Strategy 2 is the park space between the town of Alboraya and la Huerta. It is an important piece of land as it is the end of the built up urban form and the beginning of the low level protected landscape. Enhancing this area will bring Alborayans out of the centre of the town and to the Huerta. There are also opportunities to promote a healthy lifestyle and boost mental well-being as there are not many green spaces in Alboraya. Public Toilets These public toilets need refurbished but they are in a good position to serve the local people and tourists of la Huerta without having to build more structures. Market This large area is immediately adjacent to the entrances to Strategy 1 and will therefore be used in part for a market where local farmers and craftspeople can sell their goods. Community Facilities These two green areas each have a small playground, aimed at ages 5-12. Both areas are used frequently, however they are quite run down. Upgrading these is part of the strategy, in part to encourage fitness and a healthy lifestyle for children. As there are no facilities for older children, a small skate/bike park will also be added in between the two. An outdoor gym, as seen in other areas around Valencia, will also be added to promote healthy living. Other facilities that will be introduced to this park area include: - Water fountains - More trees and greenery - Additional signs - Chess tables - Ping pong tables - Cafe areas
Club de l’Horta Club de l’Horta is a community centre based around teaching the local residents and schoolchildren about la Huerta, its agriculture and its heritage. They own a strip of land with public allotments, a Barraca (built in 1999) and some fruit trees. The strategy aims to collaborate with this club so that they can use more land, as detailed in the plan of Strategy 1, and teach more people about the culture and heritage of la Huerta and let them experience the agriculture techniques first hand.
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Regeneration Strategy
Strategy 2
Paseo de Aragon Park Upgrade
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Regeneration Strategy
Strategy 3 Connections
Strategy 3 ~ 305,663m2 / 75.5 acres Strategy 3 includes the main route through la Huerta to the beach as well as the fields immediately adjacent to the Alboraya industrial estate. This area was chosen in part because the Alboraya Ajuntament are keen to screen the industrial estate from view when in the protected landscape of la Huerta. Abandoned Field ~ 637m2 This abandoned field will be community-owned and leased out by the Agricultural Cooperative to create some extra revenue. Route to Alboraya Beach This main route will be upgraded with better footpaths and better signs as well as some bins to encourage more people to walk to and from the beach as the current route is too confusing for tourists to use. Signs will not only give directions but they will show heritage buildings and other points of interest, as well as information about the biodiversity of the area and typical building construction in la Huerta.
Screening Alboraya Ajuntament are currently considering adding some screening to the edges of the industrial estate so that the protected landscape is not directly juxtaposing the industrial buildings. Taller planting will be added to the western end as this is where industrial buildings are directly next to la Huerta and shorter plants on a fence will be added along the road to help soften the edge. The planting will not effect the fields as the shadows will fall into the industrial estate, not la Huerta. Abandoned Field ~ 2180m2 This abandoned field will have a new house built on it as there are not enough family homes in la Huerta. The extra building will also help to add some more screening for the industrial estate.
Abandoned Field ~ 881m2 This abandoned field will be community-owned and used as a break point for the enhanced trail to the beach. Awnings and benches will be on the site so that families and other people passing by can stop and rest.
Underpass The existing underpasses underneath the motorway and then the railway lines are not very inviting, so these will be upgraded to improve the drainage and to add more lights and signs.
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Regeneration Strategy
Strategy 3 Connections
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Regeneration Strategy
Strategy 3
Site Boundary
Connections
Existing Heritage Trails
Proposed Connections
Proposed New Routes
Connectivity Increasing the connections to and around la Huerta is important so that the local people and visiting tourists can explore and experience the area easily. The strategy will utilise the existing Heritage Trails, of which there are six, and enhance these routes to be more usable and appealing, as well as adding signposts and additional information panels. New routes have been added to encompass more of the landscape of la Huerta and the listed buildings which are important to the heritage of the area and its community. New connections help to link Alboraya, the beach and la Huerta.
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Regeneration Strategy
Strategy 4
Agricultural Cooperative
The Strategy Combat issues of socio-economic agricultural viability by encouraging the farming community to work together and form a agricultural co-operative. The strategy will be formed out a cooperative, run and owned by it’s members, the farmers and landowners of the Huerta. It’ll combat the workforce issues, by allowing elderly farmers to get other farmers to help them farm and allow the future smaller workforce to successfully farm the entire Huerta efficiently, with the cooperative allowing the continued farming of areas whose ownership has passed onto non-farming family members, stopping the abandonment of fields. The cooperative will share machinery, harvesting, crop management, supply buying and production selling and marketing, possibly adopting community/local markets to facilitate this. It’ll be easier to access EU funds, such as the €449m identified for Valencia in the CAP 201420, as a single cooperative instead of individual farmers. Catalysts Catalysts are crucial to kick-starting development, enabling further development and determining the user’s needs and requirements. Sharing schemes could start collaboration
between farmers, possibly with machinery sharing groups and harvesting sharing groups. It’ll build cohesion capacity. Success? The cooperative will be successful, as The Oxford handbook of Mutual, Cooperative and Co-owned business (Michie et al, 2017) states agricultural cooperatives can alleviate poverty and allows for shared agricultural and rural development by strengthening the market position of the farmers, economising costs and dispersing risks. It allows economic and social objectives to be integrated within a participatory model of decision making and compared to other business form favours people and long term job security and financial stability over short-term gain and capital, showing that Cooperatives are a viable way to make the Huerta socio-economically viable.
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Regeneration Strategy
Strategy 5
Agricultural Cooperative
There are many European organisations, such as COGECA, an European agricultural cooperative organisation; meaning agri-coop’s interests are representative at European level.
be required to volunteer for a number of hours/ activities per year to continue the operation of the cooperative, they will also have to pay for some services in singular payments. Non-contributors pay for access to the cooperative to work their land.
UK’s largest cheese producer (Co-operatives UK, 2016).
Fram Farmers Ltd.; A cooperative which was set up in the 1960s and now consists of 1300 farming Agricultural cooperatives help farmers be more businesses, who collectively farm 400k hectares. resilient to the vulnerabilities of agriculture The cooperative supplies farm inputs (supplies, particularly weather-related vulnerabilities, as risk There will be some educational elements, i.e. fertiliser), Grain marketing and selling and is shared and damaged farmers can be easily will apprenticeships offered to non-farmers to streamlined administrative systems, giving helped out. The cooperatives will bring financial encourage a future workforce, combating the farmers a single invoive at the end of the month, and non-financial benefits, furthering a sense of aging workforce. Hobby farmers could also streamlining admin, saving time and money. Fram community and ownership, investing in the longprovide workforce contributions to ‘get into’ and farmers also run machinery sharing schemes Bibliography term. learn about farming techniques. (Fram farmers, 2018)(Co-operatives UK, 2016). Michie, J., Blasi, J. and Borzaga, C. (2017). The Oxford handbook of Agricultural cooperative allows for easier The cooperative will be led by an elected council Within a Spanish context, cooperatives are mutual, co-operative, and co-owned bargaining with suppliers and wholesalers; of farmers, making most of the decisions. A popular and common, there is 4350 cooperatives business. 1st ed. Oxford: Oxford members seem to prefer to settle for manageable professional paid manager will organise the in Spain with 950,000 members 3844 of these University Press. membership costs rather than larger costs cooperative day-by-day with a small professional cooperatives are agricultural, though the associated with dealing with the food markets; the team to organise the different elements of number of cooperatives and members has Co-operatives UK (2016). Agricultural cooperative guards against opportunistic activity the coop. Different farmers will have different declined recently..This provides precedents and co-operatives: Report on the coof downstream and upstream agri-market actors specialisms and lead/work on different activity shows how well known the form of businesses. operative farming sector. [online] as well as cancelling inter-farmer competition. teams. Yearly AGM’s will allow for the members to Agricultural cooperatives hold clout in the Spanish Manchester: Co-operatives UK. elect the council and decide on the cooperatives food network, giving our proposal credibility (Igual Available at: https://www.farminguk. There are some issues though, it is important activities and direction. and Vidal, 2002)(Agri-Food Cooperatives, Spain, com/content/knowledge/Reportto balance between competitiveness and 2018). on-the-co-operative-farmingcooperative principles and ensuring some Precedents sector(7247-4337-2098-8613).pdf members do not free-ride and aren’t opportunistic, There are many crop cooperatives, particularly The water tribunal also offers an insight into a [Accessed 18 Feb. 2018]. this should be combated by the management wider arable, grain and potato cooperatives, they local established network of collaboration and and involvement structure. Overall, cooperatives process, market and sell the crops, some even connection, highlighting how the local farming Igual, J. and Vidal, S. (2002). Farm provide a tool to viably manage the social store them, examples include Open-field Group population can work together successfully. Cooperatives and the Social Economy: economy (Michie et al, 2017). Ltd. and United Oilseeds Ltd. Cooperatives which The Case of Spain. JOURNAL OF also supply farm supplies exist for example Protection RURAL COOPERATION, [online] It’s could be argued that agricultural cooperatives Mole Valley Farmers Ltd. Cooperatives also The strategy will protect agricultural landscape 30(2), pp.119-133. Available at: http:// can develop and sustain communities, providing exist in the horticulture and fresh produce sector, and heritage by allowing it to survive and remain ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/59573/ long term prosperity for society, they build including produce marketing co-ops and producer closed to other development. files/4a_b%20Vidal.pdf [Accessed 18 and strengthen physical, personal and social organisations for example Barry Garden Growers Jan. 2018]. infrastructure; engaging citizenry and create a and Green Pea Company. Cooperatives also exist It will combat issues of an aging workforce as well healthy democratic society which can provide for livestock marketing and machinery rings (Coas issues of agricultural inefficiency and viability. Agri-Food Cooperatives, Spain. local solutions to local problems, sustainably and operatives UK, 2016). (2018). What’s Agri-food Cooperatives inclusively. We can also link to sustainability by encouraging Spain?. [online] Available at: http:// Arla Foods (UK); A dairy cooperative established water-saving by using drip irrigation instead of www.agro-alimentarias.coop/5/ Involvement and Structure in 1881 which sells dairy products for 3,200 underused traditional system. uk/5_1_1.php [Accessed 18 Feb. Farmers will be encouraged to join the British dairy farmers supplying 25% of the UK’s 2018]. cooperative thanks to it’s many benefits, They will Milk (the largest producer) as well as being the
59
Regeneration Strategy
Strategy 4
Agricultural Cooperative
60
Regeneration Strategy
Strategies 1, 2, 3 & 4 Overview
61
Regeneration Strategy
Tangible Benefits
Strategies 1, 2 & 3 and Strategy 4
s a e
d
ed
Up
a r g
P
k r a
Ar
Solar Panel Field
Upg
Use of Abandon ed Buildings
Re Co gen ns e erv rate Bu ed H d an ild d ing istor ic s
Incr
rad ed I Cha rriga tion nne ls
Upgra
eas ed G reen Spa ce
ded U
Upg
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Pro
duc
e fo
rM
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path
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Regeneration Strategy
Intangible Benefits Strategies 1, 2 & 3 and Strategy
Employment Opportunities Service and Industry Sector Jobs
Improved Mental Well-Bein g
Stronger Community Ties
Public Green Spaces
Community Areas
y and h t l a e H s Promote les y t s e f i L e Activ
l
Inc
Intergenerational Integration
rea
Improved Agricultura Viability
Intangible Benefits There will be many intangible benefits as a result of this regeneration strategy, both for the immediate area and the wider community. These include an increase of employment, specifically in the service sector, due to the introduction of new businesses in the area which will also help to promote tourism in Alboraya and la Huerta. Additionally, Alborayans will have access to more community areas and green space, improving the mental well-being and promoting healthy living with residents. The agricultural cooperative will lead to intergenerational cooperation and also improve the viability of the sector, as well as helping to preserve the landscape, heritage and culture of la Huerta.
se
dT
ou
ris
m
an m u H d e s Increa uerta H a l n i y Activit
nity u m m Co ion s e h o C
New
Eco Act nom ic ivit y
ge a m nd I larity a r B pu o P and
es re v r se ultu e r C ns P , e o g i t a i t i d r He d Tra an 63
Regeneration Strategy
Potential Section Site Section | 1:500@A3 +
64
Regeneration Strategy
Sustainability
65
Regeneration Strategy
Sustainability
Strategies and Initiatives
Solar Power Production
Calculation
Permeable Paving (Connected to Irrigation)
Drip Irrigation and Sustainable Farming
Bibliography
Taking into consideration the following information we are able to calculate a rough figure for how many houses a solar field located within our allocated site to the North West of Alboraya would supply. This information has been sourced from the available and most up-to-date information to ensure the best possible accuracy.
300 (kwp) x 9.88 (acres) = 2,964 (kwp) (entire field)
In keeping with the policies set out in the Plan de la Huerta de Valencia (Universitat Politècnica de València, 2012), where new paving is proposed, or existing paving is proposed to be upgrade, permeable paving will be installed. This will create a number of benefits for the environment and where possible will be connected to the irrigation system to increase water levels.
We are aware that the water level of the Turia River is falling year on year (Sustainability Group, 2018), leading to water shortages and increasing pressures on underground acquifers. To help combat this issue, through the agricultural cooperative we aim to promote the use of drip irrigation for the following reasons (MAIB, 2015);
Sridhar, V (2017). In 1 acre of land, how much solar power can be generated? [online]. Available at: https://www.quora.com/In1-acre-of-land-how-much-solar-power-can-be-generated [Accessed 24th February 2018] My Agriculture Information Bank (2015). Advantages and Disadvantages of Drip Irrigation [online]. Available at: http:// www.agriinfo.in/default.aspx?page=topic&superid=8&topicid=2243 [Accessed 24th February 2018] Romero-Jordán, D., Río, P. & Peñasco, C., (2014). Household Electricity Demand in Spanish Regions [online]. Available at: http://diposit.ub.edu/dspace/bitstream/2445/115553/1/IEB1424_RomeroJordan.pdf [Accessed 24th February 2018] Sustainability Group (2018). Information from Sustainability Group. Universitat Politècnica de València (2012). Territorial Action Plan for the Protection of the Huerta de Valencia [online]. Available at: http://www.upv.es/contenidos/CAMUNISO/ info/778665normalc.html [Accessed 19th February 2018] USGS (no date). Evaluating the potential benefits of permeable pavement on the quantity and quality of stormwater runoff [online]. Available at: https://www.usgs.gov/science/evaluatingpotential-benefits-permeable-pavement-quantity-and-qualitystormwater-runoff?qt-science_center_objects=0#qt-science_center_ objects [Accessed 24th February 2018] World Weather and Climate Information (2018). Average Monthly Hours of Sunshine in Valencia [online]. Available at: https://weather-and-climate.com/average-monthly-hoursSunshine,Valencia,Spain [Accessed 24th February 2018]
- - - -
2,964 (kwp) x 7.2 (hours) = 21,340 (kw/h) (per day) 21,340 (kw/h) x 365 (days) = 7,789,100 (kw/h per year)
1 acre of land can produce 250 - 300 kwp The abandoned fields account for approx. 7,789,100 (kw/h) / 2,750 (average usage) 9.88 acres = approx. 2,832 households There is approx. 7.2 hours of sunlight a day in Valencia (across the year) The average Spanish household uses = 1,500 - 2,000 households 2,750 kwh of electicity per year
(Sridhar, V., 2017; WWCI, 2018; Romero-Jordán, et. al., 2014) We understand that the following calculation assumes a best case scenario and that the likelihood of achieving this is very unlikely (due to changing climatic conditions, temperatures, average sun light etc.). Therefore we estimate that the solar array would be capable of supplying between 1,500 - 2,000 homes with reliable, renewable electricity per year.
a year
Other benefits that arise from the installation of permeable paving are; its helps to re-establish a more natural hydrologic balance and reduce runoff volume, encourages a consistent flow of water, it reduce the concentration of some pollutants and it can cool down the temperature of urban runoff (USGS, no date).
1. Maximise use of available water 2. Reduce the amount of water available to non-cultivated plants (weeds) 3. Maximise crop yields 4. Maximise the efficiency of allowed fertilisers within fields 5. Reduces the amount of weed growth and the amount of time required to deal with them 6. Low labour intensive method with a relatively low operational cost 7. Prevents soil erosion 8. Improved infiltration in low intake soils (as found in la Huerta) 9. Sophisticated automated system 10. Reduced the amount of water evaporating off the soil compared to the current surface irrigation 11. Decreases tillage operations
66
Regeneration Strategy
Policy and Funding Context
67
Regeneration Strategy
Policy Context
Relevant Planning Documents
Diagnosis on the state of conservation (2016a)
Plan General de Alboraya (2011)
Plan de la Huerta de Valencia; Vol. 1 & 2 (2012)
The Plan General (2011) is the latest document outlining Alboraya City Council’s aims and objectives for the municipality. The planning documents outlines four guidelines, of which 1, 2 and 3 are applicable to our regeneration strategy;
The Plan de la Huerta de Valencia was produced by the Universitat Politècnica de València (2012) and comprises a historical exploration into the significance of La Huerta and a comprehensive set of guidelines for its future protection and management. These strategies focus on;
-
- Strategy 1 - The creation of a city-scale green corridor between Alboraya, the Albufera Natural Park, the Turia Natural Park and the interior mountains - Strategy 2 - The development of a sustainable strategy aimed at the management and financing of agricultural activity based on the generation of added value for agricultural production in new economic activities - Strategy 3 - Create a more desirable integration between infrastructure, the urban edge and the landscape of La Huerta - Strategy 4 - To establish a strategy focused on the preservation of visual
In response to the Strategies outline in the Plan de la Huerta de Valencia, we have proposed a regeneration strategy that complies with the main principles and that will enhance the area in line with the desired viewpoint of the Generalitat Valenciana. Below we have mapped the strategies contained in this document against our regeneration strategies to demonstrate compliance and our comprehensive understanding of the document. (Our strategies Policy Strategies)
- 1 - Guidelines for the strategy of urban development and occupation territory - 2 - Guidelines for sustainability - 3 - Guidelines of the quality of life for citizens - 4 - Guidelines on organisation Within these guidelines the most applicable sections cover; improving accessibility between urban areas, the efficient use of water resources, protection of significant spaces (habitats), establish policy for the preservation of historical buildings, promoting the revitalisation of rural heritage and improving public areas through the introduction of more green spaces.
cultural heritage and identity Strategy 5 - To realise a set of actions designed to promote the enjoyment of the garden as a leisure space with environmental, historical and cultural interest for residents of urban centres
Strategy 1 Strategy 2 Strategy 3 Strategy 4
- Strategies 2, 4 and 5 - Strategies 3, 4 and 5 - Strategies 3 and 5 - Strategies 2 and 4
This report by Alboraia Ajuntament (2016a) highlights that a 4% of agricultural land in the municipality is considered ‘abandoned’ which is significantly lower than neighbouring areas of L’Horta Nord. The main initiatives that have arisen out of this research report, that will support to retention of the cultural landscape of La Huerta are; - the need to generate new jobs and enhance the professional culture of Alboraya - the need to facilitate generational change - the need to avoid abandonment and / or lack of cultivation of agricultural land - the need to creatively contribute to maintaining agricultural activity through the introduction of new economic activities linked to tourism, education and leisure as an opportunity to supplement farm incomes with others from these tertiary sectors
68
Regeneration Strategy
Policy Context
Relevant Planning Documents
Diagnosis on the state of conservation (2016a) Other Policy Documents
Bibliography
This report by Alboraia Ajuntament (2016a) highlights that a 4% of agricultural land in the municipality is considered ‘abandoned’ which is significantly lower than neighbouring areas of L’Horta Nord. The main initiatives that have arisen out of this research report, that will support to retention of the cultural landscape of La Huerta are;
Alboraya Ajuntament (2011). Plan General [online]. Available at: http://95.39.226.70/pgou_2011/documentacion.html [Accessed 19th February 2018] Alboraya Ajuntament (2016a). Diagnosis on the State of Conservation of the Scope of the Term Undeveloped Land. Available at: https://drive.google.com/drive/u/0/folders/1j75GFjpzxZtHV8oDss6Ow6ZVJqLdfx3 [Accessed 19th February 2018] Alboraya Ajuntament (2016b). Plan General Analisis de Opciones [online]. Available at: https://drive.google.com/drive/ folders/1oIR_eXDZf7oeO5FBVzy4a0jvSOr-JjLU [Accessed 20th February 2018] Generalitat Valenciana (2016). Estudio de Paisaje [online]. Available at: https://drive.google.com/drive/u/0/ folders/1mq8Hch1dIuzDpVdow5__Oz0Vg-hxpFhQ [Accessed 19th February 2018] Özçevik, O., Brebbia, C. A. and Sener, S. M. (2015). Sustainable Development and Planning VII [online]. Available at: https://books.google.co.uk/books [Accessed 20th February 2018] Universitat Politècnica de València (2012). Territorial Action Plan for the Protection of the Huerta de Valencia [online]. Available at: http://www.upv.es/contenidos/CAMUNISO/ info/778665normalc.html [Accessed 19th February 2018]
- the need to generate new jobs and enhance the professional culture of Alboraya - the need to facilitate generational change - the need to avoid abandonment and / or lack of cultivation of agricultural land - the need to creatively contribute to maintaining agricultural activity through the introduction of new economic activities linked to tourism, education and leisure as an opportunity to supplement farm incomes with others from these tertiary sectors
Our regeneration strategy is also in compliance with the following Policy Documents; - Landscape Study (2016) - Plan General Analisis de Opciones (2016b)
69
Regeneration Strategy
Funding
Potential Funding Sources
Ajuntamiento de Alboraya , 2017
SPENDING POLICY
COVERS
Cultural Activities - Creation, conservation and operation of buildings designated for cultural activities. Job Creation - Promotion of employment.
BUDGET 2017 513,000 EUROS
STRATEGY 1
Generalitat Valenciana, 2018a
GRANTS AND SUBSIDIES “TECE - Aid for building rehabilitation program”
Underspend - 13k 294,032 EUROS
1
Overspend 155k Commerce, Tourism and Small and Medium Enterprises:
- Development and promotion of tourism. - Development of small and medium size enterprises Improvement of roads and local roads including signage
82,000 EUROS
Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries
- Promotion of cooperative movement within agricuture
20,563 EUROS
Housing and Urbanism
- Expenses related to construction, improvement and conservation of houses - Urban planning regimes Preservation of Parks and Gardens
1.5M EUROS
Infrastructure
Environment
1
Underspend, 31k
10,000 EUROS
1/2/3/4
Underspend 3.2k WHOLE HUERTA
Underspend: 20K
1 + WHOLE HUERTA
2
“TECG - Authorization for new uses, works, installations and / or buildings in protection” Subprogram 2.1 .: Certification of systems in tourism resources and service
COVERS - Rehabitation actions within buildings aimed at; - its conservation - Improvements of quality and sustainability - Perform reasonable adjustments in terms of accessibility. - New uses (other than planting or cultivating), works, facilities or buildings in bonded of protection
Generalitat Valenciana, 2018b
STRATEGY
GRANTS AND SUBSIDIES
1
Subprogram 2.3 .: Support for the provision of tourist services Program 1: Investment in adaptation and improvement of tourism services and resources Program 3 - Promotion of tourism product marketing in the Region of Valencia
1
- Tourism activities
1
Subsidies Program Social Initiative aimed at hiring people in situations of longterm unemployment in collaboration with Local Corporations. EMCORD 2017 Program (SERVEF). Subprogram 2.2 .: Boosting the image of the tourist destinations of the Region of Valencia.
- The purpose of these subsidies is the hiring of people in situations of long-term unemployment to carry out works or services of general interest in the area of the Valencian Community. The contracts that are formalized must have a duration of at least six months full-time
1
- Promotion of tourist desintations
1
Program 4. Improvement of tourist signage.
- Equipment and replacement of the tourist signage of the municipalities of the Valencian Community.
COVERS
STRATEGY
- Tourism service support
1
- Investment in adaptation and improvement of tourism services and resources
1
- Encourage the development of projects that contribute to the introduction of new tourism products of a non-seasonal nature and an experiential base to diversify the offer, its promotion and commercialization. These actions must involve a differentiation and / or diversification of the offer of the Valencian Community that favors the deseasonalization, sustainability and structuring of the tourist activity.
1
1,2,3,4
2017 Ayuntimento de Alboraya Finance Budget: 20.3M Euros Expenditure: 17.8M Euros Underspend = 2,500,000 EUROS
70
Regeneration Strategy
Funding
Potential Funding Sources
European Commission, 2017
GRANTS AND SUBSIDIES Common Agricultural Policy
COVERS - Funding for farmers to participate in quality schemes, local markets and short supply chain distribution. - Promote innovation through cooperation projects - The programme will fund Local Development Strategies (LDS) drawn up and implemented by Local Action Groups (LAGs) under the LEADER approach. Nearly 46% of the rural population will be affected by these local initiatives
STRATEGY 1
Bibliography Ajuntamiento de Alboraya , (2017). ‘Expenses 2017’. Available at: http://alboraya.conmisimpuestos.com/politicas/#2017. [Online]. Accessed: [20/02/2018] Generalitat Valenciana, (2018a). ‘Ajudes i subvencions’. Available at: http://www.gva.es/es/inicio/administraciones/adm_ayudas_y_subvenciones. [Online]. Accessed: [20/02/2018] Generalitat Valenciana, (2018b). ‘Detalle de Procedimientos’. Available at: http://www.gva.es/es/inicio/procedimientos?id_proc=17964. [Online]. Accessed: [20/02/2018] European Union, (2014). ‘Factsheet on 2014-2020 Rural Development Programme of Comunidad Valenciana’. Available at: https://ec.europa.eu/agriculture/sites/agriculture/files/rural-development-2014-2020/ country-files/es/factsheet-comunidad-valenciana_en.pdf. [Online]]. Accessed 20/02/2018]
71
KEY
Regeneration Strategy
Financing for Regeneration
1 - INFRASTRUCTURE - Improvement of roads - Renovation of under motorway subways - Tourist Signage.
Huerta Initiatives
A
2 - AGRICULTURE - Creation of Agri Co-op - Training of Young Farmers - Support of C-23 Agriculture Business 3 - EMPLOYMENT - Creation of jobs within C-23
GVA - 6
SOLAR-FARM
PARK IMPROVEMENTS
AGRICO-OP
A6
FARMERS MARKET
EU-1
SE
A H
P
7
IMPROVE SIGNAGE IMPROVE SUBWAY
1 - TOURISM - Promotion of tourist products/services offered within C23 to the wider Region of Valencia
A1
2 - TOURISM Set up of C23 Huerta Initiatves.
T
T1 - T2 GVA 2-3 A3 / GVA 1 A5
COMMUNITY AREA
AGRI co-op
A6
2 3
- Set up of C23 Huerta Initiatives 6 - LANDSCAPING - Set up of community garden - Improvement of Urban Park (Z2)
PHASE 2
1
5 - TOURISM
EU 1 A2
AGRI co-op
1
4 - TOURISM / ARCHITECTURE - Conservation of abandoned buildings Numbered 1-7 designated for cultural activities within C23
6
GVA
A1
GVA 3 4
2 - TOURISM - Boosting the image of C-23 Huerta Initiatives through events, promotion and marketing.
IMPROVE CONNECTIONS
GVA 4 GVA 5
3) TOURISM - Improvement and introduction of tourist signage around the C-23 site
5
AGRICO-OP
1 - EMPLOYMENT - Job creation for Alboraya’s long-term unemployed population
4) ARCHITECTURE - Renovation/ improvements to abandoned buildings 1-3 & 5-7 identified on the map overleaf - improvements in building fabric, accessibility, sustainability and quality.
IMPROVE SUBWAY
AGRICO-OP A1
EU 1 A2
5) ARCHITECTURE - Restoration on Listed Building (4) - to prepare it to house C-23 Companies
EU 1 A2
6) RENEWABLES - Funding to cover installation of renewable energy technologies as part of the scheme AGRICULTURAL INFRASTRUCTURE
TOURISM
ARCHITECTURE
EMPLOYMENT
LANDSCAPING
RENEWABLES
EU ACTIVITIES PROMOTION
SIGNAGE
1 - AGRICULTURE - Funding to allow participation of agricultural cooperative farms in local farmers markets (Strategy 2) - Set up of Agricutural Cooperative
72
NOT LISTED
LISTED
C-23
AGRI COOP
Regeneration Strategy
Financing for Regeneration FUNDING SOURCES
C-23 ALL ZONES
A1
PHASE 1
WHAT FOR?
MINOR WORKS:
INFRASTRUCTURE WORKS
LOCAL
- CREATION / MAINTAINANCE OF AGRI-COOP - TRAINING OF YOUNG-FARMERS AS PART OF AGRI-COOP SCHEME - SUPPORT FOR C-23 BUSINESSES OFFERING AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES
AGRICULTURE LIVESTOCK & FISHING SPENDING POLICY
PURPOSE IMPROVEMENT OF ROADS AND LOCAL ROADS INCLUDING SIGNAGE
WHAT FOR?
C-23 ARCHITECTURE
PHASE ->
SPENDING POLICY
PURPOSE IMPROVEMENT OF THE ENVIRONMENT - NATURAL OR MAN-MADE I.E PARKS
TOURISM
WHAT FOR?
TOURISM
SPENDING POLICY
- IMPROVING QUALITY OF URBAN PARK WITHIN ZONE 2 - TO OFFER MORE OPPORTUNITIES FOR PUBLIC USE
PURPOSE
PURPOSE
FOR THE DEVELOPMENT AND PROMOTION OF TOURISM ACTIVITIES DEVELOPMENT OF SMALL/MEDIUM SIZE ENTERPRISES
CREATION, CONSERVATION AND OPERATION OF BUILDINGS DESIGNED FOR CULTURAL ACTIVITIES
- FACILITATE THE CREATION OF JOBS AND OFFER EMPLOYMENT
ENVIRONMENT
COVER-START UP COSTS OF C-23 (MEDIUM SIZE ENTERPRISE) AND 1 PROMOTE TOURISM ACTIVITIES
A5
SPENDING POLICY
PURPOSE
A6
WHAT FOR?
TRADE, TOURISM & SMALL BUSINESS
CULTURAL ACTIVITIES
SPENDING POLICY
PURPOSE
ZONE 1
PHASE 1 ->
A4
JOB CREATION
AGRICULTURE
WHAT FOR?
CONSERVATION OF BUILDINGS [1-8] - ON GOING OPERATIVE COSTS BUILDINGS
EMPLOYMENT
A3
- IMPROVEMENT, PROMOTION AND INNOVATION IN AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES - PROMOTION OF THE COOPERATIVE MOVEMENT - TRAINING OF YOUNG ENTERPRENEURS
INFRASTRUCTURE
ZONE 1
ZONE 1
ALL JOB CREATING ACTIVITIES WITHIN THE C-23 DEVELOPMENT
A2
IMPROVING CONNECTIONS BETWEEN HERITAGE TRAILS. INTRODUCING SIGNAGE AROUND
SPENDING POLICY Ajuntamiento de Alboraya, 2017
Huerta Initiatives
ZONE 1
ON-GOING ZONE 1 WHAT FOR?
C-23
C-23
LANDSCAPING
WHEN
WHERE?
WHERE?
KEY
Regeneration Strategy
Financing for Regeneration:
1 - INFRASTRUCTURE - Improvement of roads - Renovation of under motorway subways - Tourist Signage.
Huerta Initiatives
A
PROMOTION OF TOURISM PRODUCT MARKETING IN THE REGION OF VALENCIA GRANTS AND SUBSIDIES
TOURISM (PROMOTION)
PURPOSE THE DEVELOPMENT OF NON-SEASONAL TOURISM INTITATIVES FOR A SUSTAINABLE TOURISM INDUSTRY
GVA Turisme, (2018) REGIONAL (GVA Turisme, 2018)
WHAT FOR?
T2
PHASE 1
INVESTMENT IN ADAPTATION AND IMPROVEMENT OF TOURISM SERVICES AND RESOURCES
PROMOTING AND MARKETING THE NON-SEASONAL PRODUCTS PRODUCED WITHIN C-23 - PROMOTION WITHIN LOCAL, REGIONAL AND NATIONAL CONTEXTS
WHAT FOR?
SOLAR-FARM
3 - EMPLOYMENT - Creation of jobs within C-23 PARK IMPROVEMENTS
A6
FARMERS MARKET
EU-1
E
S HA
P
1
PHASE 2 ZONE
1 7
T1 - T2 GVA 2-3 A3 / GVA 1 A5
COMMUNITY AREA
- Set up of C23 Huerta Initiatives 6 - LANDSCAPING - Set up of community garden - Improvement of Urban Park (Z2)
3
IMPROVE SIGNAGE IMPROVE SUBWAY
2 - TOURISM Set up of C23 Huerta Initiatves.
A1
AGRI co-op
A6
6
GVA 5
3) TOURISM - Improvement and introduction of tourist signage around the C-23 Zone 1 site
5
AGRICO-OP
4) ARCHITECTURE - Renovation/ improvements to abandoned buildings 1-3 & 5-7 identified on the map overleaf - improvements in building fabric, accessibility, sustainability and quality.
IMPROVE SUBWAY
AGRICO-OP A1
EU 1 A2
5) ARCHITECTURE - Restoration on Listed Building (4) - to prepare it to house C-23 Companies
EU 1 A2
6) RENEWABLES - Funding to cover installation of renewable energy technologies as part of the scheme
WHEN
AGRICULTURAL INFRASTRUCTURE
TOURISM
ARCHITECTURE
EMPLOYMENT
LANDSCAPING
RENEWABLES
EU ACTIVITIES PROMOTION
GVA 1
ZONE 1
WHAT PHASE 1 EMPLOYMENT SOCIAL INITIATIVE FOR? AIMED AT HIRING PEOPLE HIRING OF SOME IN SITUATIONS OF OF ALBORAYA’S LONG-TERM LONG-TERM UNEMPLOYED (>1 YEAR) UNEMPLOYMENT IN WHICH EQUATES TO COLLABORATION WITH 599/1401 OF UNEMPLOYED LOCAL CORPORATIONS (SEPE, 2017b) REGIONAL
GRANTS AND SUBSIDIES
PURPOSE
GVA 2
GRANTS AND SUBSIDIES
PURPOSE
HIRING OF PEOPLE IN SITUATIONS OF LONG-TERM UNEMPLOYMENT TO CARRY OUT WORKS OR SERVICES OF GENERAL INTEREST IN THE AREA OF THE VALENCIAN COMMUNITY
TO PROMOTE THE IMAGE OF TOURIST DESTINATIONS WITHIN COMUNIDAD VALENCIANA
WHEN
EU-1
WHOLE STRAT
RURAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME 2014 - 2020 EUROPEAN European Union, (2014)
WHAT FOR?
ALL PHASES
ALLOW PARTICIPATION OF FARMERS IN LOCAL FARMERS MARKETS (ZONE 2)
AGRICULTURE
- COVER FUNDING OF AGRICULTURAL COOPERATIVE
WHAT FOR?
ZONE 1
WHAT FOR?
GVA 3
IMPROVEMENT OF TOURIST SIGNAGE GRANTS AND SUBSIDIES
WHAT FOR?
WHERE? PHASE ALL
PROMOTING C-23 AS A DESTINATION TO VISIT OUTSIDE THE CITY OF VALENCIA TO IMPROVE LOCAL ECONOMY
TOURISM (PROMOTION)
PHASE 1 ZONE 1 “TECE - AID FOR
ALL PHASES
BUILDING REHABILITATION PROGRAM” (GVA 4) -----------------------------------“TECG - AUTHORIZATION FOR NEW USES, WORKS, INSTALLATIONS AND / OR BUILDINGS IN PROTECTION” (GVA 5)
ALL ZONES
UPGRADE OF EXISTING HERITAGE TRAIL SIGNAGE AND ADDITION OF NEW SIGNS ACROSS HERITAGE ROUTE
RESTORATION OF BUILDINGS 1,2,3,5,6,7 TO FACILITATE FUTURE C23 ACTIVITIES GVA 4
GVA 6 TOURISM (PROMOTION)
AID IN THE FIELD OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES
NOT LISTED
1 - AGRICULTURE - Funding to allow participation of agricultural cooperative farms in local farmers markets (Zone 2) - Set up of Agricutural Cooperative
LISTED
RESTORATION CONSERVATION AND IMPROVEMENT IN TERMS OF QUALITY SUSTAINABILITY AND ACCESIBILITY OF DILAPADATED BUILDINGS
ARCHITECTURE WHAT FOR?
SIGNAGE
PURPOSE
GVA 4/5
SUBPROGRAM 2.2 .: BOOSTING THE IMAGE OF THE TOURIST DESTINATIONS OF THE REGION OF VALENCIA.
1 - EMPLOYMENT - Job creation for Alboraya’s long-term unemployed population 2 - TOURISM - Boosting the image of C-23 Huerta Initiatives through events, promotion and marketing.
IMPROVE CONNECTIONS
GVA 4
TOURISM
GVA
A1
GVA 3 4
1 - TOURISM - Promotion of tourist products/services offered within C23 to the wider Region of Valencia
T
ZONE 1
2 3
- BUILDING RESTORATION / ADAPTION TO FACILITATE PHASE USES THAT OFFER 1 TOURISM SERVICES
(GVA Turisme, 2018)
5 - TOURISM
EU 1 A2
AGRI co-op
- SET-UP COSTS RELATED TO CONVERSION OF SITE TO OFFER TOURISM/SERVICES.
GRANTS AND SUBSIDIES
4 - TOURISM / ARCHITECTURE - Conservation of abandoned buildings Numbered 1-7 designated for cultural activities within C23
AGRICO-OP
2
ZONE 1 ->
2 - AGRICULTURE - Creation of Agri Co-op - Training of Young Farmers - Support of C-23 Agriculture Business
GVA - 6
ZONE
T1
ZONE 1
WHAT FOR? RESTORATION OF LISTED BUILDINGS (4) TO FACILITATE FUTURE C23 ACTIVITIES GVA 5
RENEWABLES WHAT FOR? SOLAR FARM TO POWER APPROXIMATELY 1500 HOMES IN ALBORAYA
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