Rob Goacher DS4 2018-19
AN INFRASTRUCTURE FOR SPATIAL EMANCIPATION 03. REGIME CHANGE
Birth of the frame
Initiation strategy development
Family dynamics
Relationships
Development of a new typology
New typology organisation Sharing dynamics
Why are the frames necessary and how are they organised, what is the narrative of organisation and community control? The main reason behind the construction of the new typology apart from the expansion and utilisation of the addition and maker’s economy, is providing a solution to the unaffordable housing situation and the issues of the lack of youth access to the housing market, with an interchangeable, adaptable architectural response. The new child forms will grow out of the existing ‘parent blocks’ via umbilical piers. The interchangeable relationship between child form and parent block residents, the movement of young people out of their parents apartments. The new typology is inspired by Yugoslavian housing allocation systems and the community control it allowed for. This new typology and it’s resultant cooperative organisation allows for the new typology incrementally, initially with piers and mast structures and then the incremental construction of capsules and the evolution of the panel façades, dependent on the needs and expression of their residents.
Unaffordable: Youth access to housing, Skopje
Residents 69.42% OTHER
30.58% Youth (0-24yrs old)(2017est.)
(25+yrs old)(2017est.)
46.73%
53.27%
(15-24yrs old) (World Bank, 2017.)
(15-24yrs old) (World Bank, 2017.)
Unemployed
2,000ден
MONTHLY Unemployment benefit
Older inhabitants generally received there apartments from their employers during Yugoslavian times, with independence and the arrival of capitalism, most residents bought their apartments for fairly low prices.
Employed
Speculating solutions to unaffordable housing
SOLUTION
Youth access to housing, Skopje
Unaffordable
I felt that the frameworks/ additions needed a better grounding in the agendas prevalent in Karposh, so started looking at the unaffordability of housing and living, as you can see, an average apartment and utilities costs nearly an entire wage, and unemployment is at nearly 50%, I speculated how a new system could remedy this problem.
1.
Marko, in his mid-20s lives with his parents in Karposh; sharing their small apartment; he has a low-paid job and wants to move out but can’t afford rent and utilities even for the smallest of apartments.
21,538ден AVERAGE MONTHLY WAGE
2.
(FT, 2018)
Though Marko can’t afford his own apartment, he has a plan and starts to save up some cash from his job.
(FT, 2018)
10-14,000ден AVERAGE MONTHLY Rent (Numbeo, 2019)
6,300ден
AVERAGE MONTHLY Utilities (Numbeo, 2019)
20,300ден
Nearly an entire Monthly wage
3.
After saving up some cash, Marko purchases a section of the framework cheaply.
Significant saving and higher than average wages are required to afford homes, therefore young people are forced to continue living with parents until they have married/in long term relationships (2 incomes-rents more affordable).
4.
Marko slowly starts to build his ‘Insert’ with found/cheap items, by him, his family and friends.
Solution
A solution to the unaffordable nature of housing could be self-built insets in a new framework, creating cheap new ‘artificial ground’ to be inhabited by people wanting new affordable space.
5.
Marko moves into the ‘insert; he now has an affordable home.
Apartment communities creating new frame communities
BIRTH OF THE FRAME
The incremental process of young people leaving home led to me thinking how the frameworks could grow from the existing apartment blocks both physically and organisationally. This has developed further into my new typology with the organisational growth from the parent block to the child forms, with the confined youth of the parent block growing towards the child forms through the umbilical pier, this is also reflected spatially and infrastructurally.
1. Existing Apartment
2. People of Apartment (In need of own home/s)
1. Existing Apartment
2. People of Apartment (In need of own home/s)
3. New framework inhabited by People’s additions
3. New framework inhabited by People’s additions
Development
FINAL NEW TYPOLOGY
The new typology is embedded with an idea of family, the family unit is fundamental to the issues of housing in Karposh, and the relationships within the new typology of parent blocks, umbilical cords and child forms allow for new dynamic forms of family to be developed, which are adaptable, interchangeable and responsive: the capsules, panel choice and location in the mast structures represent these new family dynamics spatially.
i.e. Daskal Kamche Street Apartment Association
1. Existing Apartment
2. Initial frame couple of storeys
Community association formed to manage addition etc.
Residents start to build there own infills and the framework slowly expanded to full capacity; services gained from linked apartment building.
TYPICAL Nuclear Family Traditional family structure in Europe including north Macedonia, 2 Adults, 2 Children
Single Parent Family One parent raising children, more common in today’s world with divorce more common or one parent working abroad. -
Childless Family An adult couple without children, for a variety of reasons, they may not want or be able to have children. Often doesn’t fit into the traditional idea of family.
Extended Family Two or more related adults and there corresponding relatives live together, prevalent in places lacking good pensions etc. and certain cultures, such as the Albanian society in North Macedonia.
Now
DYNAMICS
FAMILY Access
Access
New Parking
New Core Social Space
Heating Tank (Top Floor)
Service Routes
Existing Restaurant (LINK) Access
Walkway Water Tank (Top Floor) Infil volume
Seating
Existing Landscaping
Stairs Solar Panels (Roof)
Framework Framework
New path to tower
Infil volume
Solar Panels (Roof)
New Parking
Stairs Service Routes
Crane
New Core Social Space
Seating Walkway New Parking
Green Edge Access (LINK) Retain Connection
Heating Tank (Top Floor) Water Tank (Top Floor) Access (LINK) Retain Connection
Access (LINK) Retain Connection
3. full frame
New shared services added to the framework paid for through volume sales.
4. in use
The situation in Karposh today Privatisation, immigration from eastern Macedonia, the elimination of rent control and lack of housing as well as high utilities prices have made housing unaffordable and inaccessible to many, especially younger low-wage or unemployed people as significant saving and higher than average wages are required to afford homes, therefore young people are forced to continue living with parents.
Future
INITIATE THE FRAME
Initiation strategy Development
The frames being birthed from the parent blocks initiated an idea of community organisations controlling the process, I started to develop how this may develop
i.e. Daskal Kamche Street Apartment Association and Daskal Kamche Framework Association come under a new Daskal Kamche association. Landscaping/social space work completed. New community organisation formed with existing apartment block community association and new framework community/ maintenance organisation under it’s umbrella.
New Typology inhabitation Initially the young person from the related apartment in the existing building would move into the new capsule with cheap or available components. They would still have significant links to the parent block, possibly going to their parents often and sharing services.
New Typology evolution The capsule inhabitation evolves as the inhabitant’s life evolves, i.e. his girlfriend moves in with him and he swaps out some panels as he can afford them to provide more space and a better environment to meet their needs.
Further New Typology evolution The capsule inhabitation evolves further as the one of the parents dies and his widow swaps her apartment for the capsule with her son and his now family takes over her apartment, they share services and help each other with childcare etc.
Of new typology
Relationships
FAMILY EVOLUTION
DYNAMICS
FAMILY
The apartment block acts as a parent to the child forms, allocated to the community. The piers act as umbilical cords, both poetically, physically and infrastructurally (i.e. service routes), new communities are formed within a wider family community.
Past, Present & Future
Development of a new typology
The community's control of growth, reflects Yugoslavian housing allocation, housing was provided by employers, and organisations called self management interest communities for housing were established to provide housing to people such as retirees or unemployed people who weren't allocated housing by employers. This idea of community controlled housing allocation can be reflected upon when addressing the issues of the current neo-liberal attitude, a new typology of community control will be established with communities of parent blocks creating child forms to provide them with increased capacity, communities allocate residents with volumes to infill, the new typology increases the resilience and capacity of Karposh.
1953-65 Housing d ecentralis ed to the republics constituen of Yugosl t avia, there was built fore housi by SR Ma ng cedonia, fin Macedon anced by ia and allo SR cated by S this period R Macedo in nia, earthquake cludes the early po stconstructio Karposh’s n and a la constructio rg n (van Vlie e part of Weesep, 1990). t and van
Privatisation
ng ing usi 992 emain ial ho 1 c r e o ion, enc the es t in end atised and th ivatisa wned . p e ) r v o d i s 5 p t r n y 1 l en tel ful 20 ia p st-I Po edon apartm ay for priva anity, s c Ma darity ade w sing i r Hum i sol tem m of hou itat fo b sys 95% a (Ha i now edon c Ma
19 A 45 po ll ho -19 lo st us 53 by w-c WW ing al th ost II t wa W loca e st , re he g s ce ee te at pe o nt se d e, titi ve ra p, by fin ve rnm lise 19 th an ap e d 90 e s ce ar nt to ). ta d b tm bu Be te y e ilt lg r (v th nt an e blo mas ade Vl stat ck s, , ie e s. t a an B nd d uil t va n
Ap a Apa rtmen per rtmen ts in M wh perso ts in M aced ic n apa h is n on a acedo onia v hig rtmen ear th erage nia pr hlig o e t htin s are 59sq throu vide o g th inha m a gh t n e la bite vera he E avera d ck of a by o ge ac U. Tho ge 15 cce n av ross ugh sqm ss to h erage the E apart per p e U, t me ous 3.6 he nt rson p ing (Ha eople refore s are comp on bita a c w t fo ompa e ca aver red to n rH um red to see age 54 28sq m t ani ty, 2 2.1 in hat M sqm ace 015 the don EU ). , ian
Republic of North Macedonia Present
SR Macedonia, Yugoslavia Past
Goran and Valentina have lived here for a long time and made the apartment their own. They use the external area as a garden. There son used to live with them but moved to the frame to get his own space, Goran and Valentina have occupied some of the frame to increase the size of there garden.
The ground floor has become a clothing workshop, Apartment residents, led by Ivana started the business in the her apartment, the void between the apartment block and frame and spaces on the frame have been appropriated for drying clothes. Ivana has transferred her living to the frame.
Speculated Narratives Who? Residents of Skopje, who need more space to inhabit, Young people needing there own spaces, people needing more space to live.
SHC’s Provide housing for retirees, unemployed etc.
using
20,300
ден n entire Nearly a wage Monthly
pon
6,300
Play u
(N
ed construction Though enterprises controll still set rent es aliti icip mun on and allocati rtments, apa the levels and maintained ts (van Vliet and righ nt ifica sign had nts tena van Weesep, 1990).
ден AVERAGE Utilities MONTHumLY beo, 2019)
ply acquire and Some enterprises didn’t sim but instead es, hom with kers wor allocate construction or e has purc provided loans for 0). 199 (van Vliet and van Weesep,
UNAFFORDABLE TO MOVE OUT and buy a home
(Num
Enterprises required to house workers
1974-1992 74 replaced titution in 19 A new cons rganisations with Basic O ed by social enterprises fin de , ur d Labo ed of Associate f management expand el S f el p. ‘S hi , rs es ne iti ow mun nies to com were from compa mmunities co st re te in rvices se re managing fa provide wel to ed aging uc an m od f intr . Sel municipality ing (SHCs) us within each ho r fo ity munities ch municipal interest com d, within ea he is C bl H ta S es to were gates elected dele the enterprises Cs organise H S e es th sie bl ho w m le se as peop housing to oyer i.e. provision of r there empl de un d re ees of oy pl em aren’t cove retirees and , ed ision. oy ov pl pr unem using with poor ho atory lig ob h enterprises ug ro financed th SHCs were icipalities d by om the mun p, fr ts ivately owne en paym d van Weese an t using was pr fantastically lie ho V al ci an (v so t Mos ’t work enterprises system didn located politically 1990. The as al 1990). w n io ss at od hard to acce as accomm it becoming in d lte su . and re e jobs g in low-wag good housin tssolidarity fla the form of e in need or os th These took to d te ose d alloca grants to th produced an aster-plans lity’, loans or ua ut long-term m ‘m h ed ug uc the thro us HCs prod S ho ing in d renovate an e in need. ag an to m . municipality
ден AVERAGE LY Rent MONTH beo, 2019)
1965-74 The Yugo slav econ om market fo rces into th y reformed allowing e centrally economy; planned Enterprise s (compan granted si ies) were gnificant a utonomy to allocate and allow their incom ed e and ma but were ke decisio also requ ired to ho n, workers, S use their tate buildin g firms be anonymo came us and co mm providing finances (v ercial banks starte d an Vliet a Weesep, nd van 1990).
SELF MANAGEMENT expanded to communities
in Resultant from the have arose n Issues that from easter immigration ntrol co nt re of privatisation, n e eliminatio th ilities , ut ia on gh hi ed Mac g as well as in us d ho an of le and lack unaffordab r ing housing ge ak un m yo , ly es al ic ci pr many, espe to le ib as ss inacce people unemployed erage low-wage or gher than av hi d an ng vi sa , nt es ca m ifi sign afford ho required to to wages are le are forced op pe g un are yo ey e th or til ef un er th ith parents w g 2 in liv as ue ps contin tionshi ng term rela married/in lo are more affordable. ts incomes-ren
10-14,000
Called SOCIAL Ho
d in an ity ision l i b v rda pro ffo ing a of ous h es y? issu ty of h W lve ibili So cess h. ac rpos Ka
Work with changing needs and want
Utopia Expanded living W Th here se e fr all par ame wi ow ate s w ar ll fit for t to th ill b to e an with he r e e e sli wa the alys in s eten xisti ghtl wi y to env ed pac tion ng y lin fra ll be Le iron to th es n of apa ked Ke me ma bbe men at ear ligh rtme bu ex nzo s on de t us W t of little the t ac nt b t mo ar pan Ta eit hro oo the det blo cess loc stly the tifici sion nge her ugh d’s are rime cks etc ks to me ne al g of ’s id side the wor a. I nta , wh . Th ga w a rou the ea , ta bu k co n a l ef ich ey -st rti nd lin s o kin ildi nn sim fec ru fic is ea f c g ng ec il ts Pla ctu ial cr r, in s o Ty t a y re gr ea in a ntin spir to c ions r p u po Ev olo s. ou ted u a o sim al tio nn n nd an iden gies cre to be ilar incre nal ect t f ex d ter in K of C a w r t ted inh ay men rom an ensi aces arpo han ab n t b a g d f on s e , y m ite e h, e w l ou s; nd hig xosk enc eta d lik l co hlig ele osu bo e ns lis tru ht th tons re o t f cti a e on se nd balc l r f o oo wh -b n i es ich uild f is , ch pre ea va p len t.
Light/environmental quality addition typology Community tightness and resilience enabling a diverse, rich and multi-generational society.
Retain
When Incremental, link with community engagement to establish catalyst frames. Forms grow in line with master-plans for entire area incrementally.
Now
Ensure Capacity and resilience to take advantage of new opportunities and cope with possible problems
Better Economy
Expanded opportunities
Better Jobs
Better ability to build
Future
EU/NATO membership
Loss? Parking spaces Permanance Re Re tent res tain ion, ge ilien Com Loss en nera ce, w mun tak sure tiona ith d ity ti g s op e ad cap l inh ivers htne an portu vant acit abita e, ri ss a y as d po nitie age and nts. ch, m nd dra ano ssibl s i.e of po res Ther ulti. t wa in. S her e fut EU ssib ilienc efor e e u un ter w ervi arth re p mem le fu e to en affor hich ces s quak roble bers ture loc deav dabl help uch e or ms, hip ew a E su m as inc ated our, rea in hav ill be ake elec U b ch sin the ing com hou tric rain In g c ne th an s e e a in d om w as the lo ch re in com g m un ild fra in they ng r mu f i s t o yr ne crisis bec un, a es rms truct nity ilie an ure res w typ due ome s job nc d ilie olo to au s e. nt, gy clim tom bec o aff w a a m t ed ord ill b te in ab e a cha and g ra le cc n g w rer an es d a sib e, thi orld da le, s pta as ble it’s .
Resilience increased
New Typology Future
How? New system of community control, through a new self-managing interest community for the new forms, each parent block is in charge of there child form, which they internally allocate to residents, descendants, businesses or communities of there ‘parent’ apartment blocks to self build infills/additions within them. The parent-block retains ownership of the frames to ensure consistent affordability and accessibility with cheap long term rent, the forms will be incremental to enable continue capacity for increasing populations.
Communities of parent blocks, create child forms to provide them with increased capacity, construction emerges from piers, acting as umbilical cords from the parent, conceiving the Child forms. New system of community control Allocate residents volumes in the forms to infill/ inhabit
Parent Block Some extern al residents ca new n join the commun ity.
Child form Umbilical pi ers and definin g poles enable incr emental growth.
Incremental construction and infill of form Establishment of family community. Conception
Development of a new typology
Past, Present & Future
-
Child form Re-inhabits parent block as it’s residents move out or die.
What? New comm unity contro lled form to inhabited by be infil residents, de ls and additions from scendants, businesses communities or of there ‘par ent’ apartm blocks. Con ent structed thro ugh cheap, materials an found d forms insp ired through existing typo the logies of ch ange within the area. Spaces/Ser vices New comm unity spaces embedded umbilical co into the rds allowing space for re to construc sidents t new in-fills in the child The empty forms. space betw een garage becomes m and block aking spac e and the un of the block’ dercroft s extension exoskeleto becoming st ns orage. Servi ces are cont the new form ained in s feeding ba ck into the block.
Dystopia
Population Increased Resilience/expansion. Capacity will help Temporary and Provide Post-Earthquake resilience transitional nature and accomodation/ rebuild. 1963 of modern society. internaitonal relief unlikely today Provide services internally such as electric and water from the New self-sufficient child forms combating the communities unaffordability of housing, increasing resilience. In the long run, as jobs become rarer and inequality increases, there is an EU brain drain, jobs become automated, and climate change Break down of government makes housing in the frame more Community controlled parent-child groupings take over, accessible, as it’ll be resilient, new fairer resilient democratic form of government. affordable and adaptable.
Worked to define height and demarcate zones, in makespaces near parent blocks.
КЗЖС takes over public space in Karposh, through an agreement with the municipality.
Dynamics
Sharing
ORGANISATION
NEW TYPOLOGY
Macedonian Pines from forest Financed by Allocation Fees, Municipal and community contributions.
Masts installed in public space to demarcate zones according to master-plan in line with light access and open space requirements through extensive analysis
Ка
р
Ka пош r Ka posh зае rpo д sh comm ниц it k а om unit жив un y liv еа ite tit ing c т сор ko op oope або era т r tiv ative ка ët ëg jall ë
Piers and networks established throughout parent block Democratic Governance Assembly elects executive team
Office/staff manages КЗЖС Make decisions
Elect Representatives from each block to form КЗЖС assembly Elect/form apartment block committees
Residents The new typology’s success will be dependent on sharing. The community working together within a cooperative to establish the typology. The maker’s economy is also dependent on sharing and residents committing to construct. Other sharing dynamics include:
MA ECO KER’S NO MY Residents apply for allocations, office staff marks applications based on set criteria to ensure allocations are based on need.
Capsules made in fabrication areas, by new group of people, who have certain skillsets, through new addition economy, bypassing corrupt construction sector
Parent Block
Child form
КЗЖС allocates new volumes between masts to residents.
Residents purchase Incremental, personalised capsules to place within their volume
Incremental construction & infill CREATE family community.
This volume has been allocated to me
Child form Re-inhabits parent block as it’s Residents move out or die.
Simple unique timber connections added by residents to allow access to new capsules.
01. Residents share in governancedemocratic organisation through cooperative of allocation, rules and demarcation.
Some external new residents can join the community.
02. Residents share services with joint service endeavour linking child forms and parent blocks (electricity generated via child form solar panels, water linked to mains but water tanks within child forms) (Sewage linked to mains through parent blocks)(Heating individual initially before group endeavour established).
Resident Dynamics
Water Electric Sewage Heating
03. The hearth space between the parent block and the child form, beneath the pier will become a community ‘hearth space’ defined by red gravel, a fire-pit and a central point for access to the child form. The hearth space will be the principal sharing space- a space of sharing community events and activities, sharing meals cooked on the fire-pit, sharing childcare and allowing kids to play and in general increasing interaction between residents within a redefined public space. 04. The maker’s economy which will be established, will be the principal aspect of economic sharing within the new typology, It will be dependent on community engagement and cooperation to ensure a uncorrupted exchange system of construction.
Towards the fabrication area. Makers economy inhabits everywhere.
Red Gravel Fire-pit Access Community Events/ Activities Sharing meals Sharing childcare General interaction Redefined public space