An example capsule in the child form
Suzana’s capsule
This drawing indicates the construction, structure, environment and spatial and narrative qualities of a capsule. This capsule is an example; it’s inhabitant is Suzana, a young writer and avid reader, shown by the mass of books around her apartment. She used to live with her parents in the corresponding parent block and could not afford to move out. After the establishment of the cooperative she applied for and was allocated a volume within the child form. She incrementally constructed the capsule, with simple timber decks, cores and panels made by several different makers within the new cooperative maker’s economy. The panel’s are clad with waste material, the insulation made from waste fabrics and floor tiles from ground up waste bricks. Suzana’s choice of spatial layout and panels reflect the qualities of the space she wishes to inhabit as well as environmental factors, such as sun exposure. The capsule has the ability to change with simple modular attachments and caulking joints, to react to personal needs, wants and evolution. Child form location in Karposh
Capsule location in the child form
N
N
Key Makers of the Capsule Construction Type M1 Deck maker M. Modular M2 Service route and gutters maker SM. Semi-Modular M3 Panel maker SB. Semi-Bespoke M4 Core maker B. Bespoke M5 Tile maker (All panel attachments modular) M6 Mast maker M7 Pier maker M8 Resident maker M9 Specialist maker M10 Community maker Upper Right Roof Panel M11 Fixer Material: Timber stud-work panel M12 Caulker with established (developed M13 Service connector skills) bespoke unused car
B.
Spaces 1. Public/community space 2. Masts 3. Lower floor 4. Bathroom core 5. Stair aperture 6. Upper floor 7. Kitchen core 8. Roof 9. Self-made access connection 10. Umbilical pier
Relationships Rainfall route
Access
Structural loads
(l-r, live/dead, tension, compression)
Services
Ventilation route
(l-r, Electricity, water, sewage, heating (initially within capsule, future-parent/child network))
Family dynamic
M8/9
panel (dumped around Karposh) cladding. Maker: Panel maker/ Specialist Car re-user Type: Panel: Semi-modular (offsite), cladding: Bespoke (on-site) Location: End side of capsule Function: Thermal envelope, reuse of waste material, interchangeability of panels in response to constant reassessment of need.
1m
1:50
5m Panels ventilated through battening
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0.25m 1:10 Caulking between panels 1:10 1. Adjoining Panels 2. Caulking fibreoakum (≈10mm rad) 3. Pitch sealant
0.5m
1m
2 1
The panel joints will be closed via caulking- similar to boat caulking, another scenario based on timbertimber connections, the caulking fibre can be made using recycled rope or from hemp fibre, treated with pine tar (from pine sap- i.e. the Macedonian pine). Caulking then uses pitch to seal the joints.
M8/9 B.
M12
1
Capsule assembled, interchangeable panel facade
s. er ity pi tric M3 gh lec ed ou . E form eed r s th d n id rm hil y gr d fo in c acit n l ai hi s ap ) m c el c m o s in pan 0W 0m t t 4 ec nk lar 50 6x nn in ta so ly 1 101 o c d gh gh 0x es tore rou rou 70 c i rv r s th le s (1 Se ate ded psu nel W ovi ca pa pr ach all (e sm M2 M13 (4 M.
SM.
3 M.
B. M8/9
1:100
5m
2m
M3
n un tio . S irec um , d im re ax osu M xp e
Preceden t Recover y Insulatio n’s recycled cotton’s inno-the rm
B.
M8/9
B. M8/9
B. M8/9
M2 SM.
M3 SM.
M1 Spatial decisions Suzana wants a light well ventilated living area- to write and read in, therefore the living area is placed upstairs and the southern panels feature significant glazing to take advantage of the areas of significant sun exposure as well as to warm the space to reduce the need for heating, the roof panels also feature a glazed opening for light and ventilation.
2m
3
7
6
8
4 1 2
Average wind direction encourage cross-ventilation.
B. M8/9
Bespoke Insulation 1:20 Waste Clothing from Karposh could be used to form insulation. Initially as makers lack skills and equipment- clothing could simply infill the timber studwork along with some recycled waste polystyrene insulation from around Karposh. In the future, the clothing could be formed into a more efficient manufactured product made with plastic fibre by the now more experienced makers.
1m
M3 SM.
M.
B. M8/9
Panel connection 1:20 1. 18mm Plywood board 1:20 2. 2mm waterproof breather membrane 3. 100x450x2600mm timber members with 50x50 battens nailed on top to support tile placement 9 4. 350x80mm modular insulated aluminium panel-deck attachment 10 5.150mm bespoke insulation 6. 100x500x40005 6000mm (6000 members support the deck on the masts) timber members 7. Panel (see Panel detail) 8. Corresponding modular metal built-in panel insert 9. Correspondingly sized steel bolts and washers 10. 326x150x150mm timber joist connection
8
f of le ed mp ters t t c i ire s gu l d ugh tal l a e nf ro ai th r m R of, ula ro od m
The use of waste materials, compact living and bespoke insulation as well as solar energy will instil a sustainable approach to the construction of the capsules. In the future as the makers become more skilled, the sustainability of the capsules could be improved, for example by looking at ZedFactory’s Zero Bills House (London, 2016) which uses sustainable techniques to ensure no need for mechanical heating or cooling.
SM. M3
M2
M3 SM.
M.
M. M3 SM.
B. M8/9
SM. M3
M2 M13
B. M8/9
B.
M13 M2
M8/9
M.
M8 B. M8/9 Tile making Tiles made from ground up waste brick/blocks infill the decks.
6
M11 7
01. New Clay
02. Mix in ground up brick and recycled plastic fibre for reinforcement
5
SM.
M3 SM.
Spatial decisions Suzana wants a cooler, well ventilated sleeping area, therefore the bedroom area is placed downstairs away from the maximum sun exposure and panels especially the southern panels feature less glazing.
SM. M3
Gas
B.
Sewage
9
SM.
Heating and hot water will be provided by a simple gas combiboiler, affordable and compact, in a similar way mobile homes are heatedthough the compact well insulated capsules shouldn’t need that much heating. Initially the boilers will use commercially available gas canisters and then enlarged to a district heating network in the future.
10
M4 SM. M3 M11 M1
M3 SM.
M8
M3 SM.
M.
03. Place into formwork, bake in Kiln (in fabrication area) and place onto deck
M5
M2 M13 SM. M3
SM. M3
SB. M6
M.
M7
The gas could be attained through the placing of sewage into a areawide bio-digester to create gas to use for heating- though this would be costly and would happen well into the future. Suzana applied for and was allocated the volume which was constructed incrementally, she had previously lived with her parents in the corresponding parent block
SB. Upper Left End Panel Material: Timber stud-work panel with initial (less skills) bespoke unused car panel (dumped around Karposh) cladding. Maker: Panel maker/ Specialist Car re-user Type: Panel: Semi-modular (off-site), cladding: Bespoke (on-site) Location: End side of capsule Function: Thermal envelope, reuse of waste material, interchangeability of panels in response to constant reassessment of need. Prefabricated Deck Build-up 1:50 1:50 1. 25x25mm holes, glavanised steel mesh to hang lights, peppers or plans under the capsule 2. 18mm Plywood board 3. 2mm waterproof breather membrane 4. 100x450x2600mm timber members with 50x50 battens nailed on top to support tile placement 5. 350x80mm modular aluminium panel-deck attachment 6.150mm bespoke insulation 7. 100x500x40006000mm (6000 members support the deck on the masts) timber members 8. 681x2600x60 ground recycled brick/ block reinforced with fibre (possibly created from waste plastic) floor tiles
1m
4
B. M8/9
M8/9 B.
SM. M4
M13 M2 M. B. M8/9
M5 SB. M6
5m
M7 SB. M6
M8 SM.
3
SM. M3
Spatial decisions Opening’s also occur on the northern side to ensure crossventilation
M8/9
M3 SM.
Suzana’s capsule is connected to the hearth space and the parent block through the pier and self made connection.
M10
B. M. M1
M13 M2
7
6
2
SB.
8
Heating
SM. M3
5
M. 4
3
B. M8/9
2
SM. M3
1
1m
1:20
B. M8/9 Size in relationship to existing apartments Macedonian apartments are on average similar sizes (54sqm) to other European apartments (59sqm), though they contain more people (3.6) compared to European averages (2.1), therefore the new capsules are of a similar (slightly smaller, though designed to contain only one or 2 residents) size to the European average at 47.6sqm: providing compact living compared to unnecessary scale which could be unaffordable for the residents and wouldn’t be able to sit within Karposh spatially.
B. SM. M3
1
Structure The structure is simple, a series of timber decks, cores and panels, the panels are not structural. The capsules attach to the structural mast system. Forces act upon the building, with loads travelling down through the cores and across he decks before travelling to the ground through the masts. Tension exists within the deck and compression between them
M8/9
Cooler air, shaded from below travel across the building through windows in panels (through panel location-best practice),
1:20
1m
Interchangeable Panel Build-up 1:20 1. 12.5mm Plywood board 2. 12.5mm Oriented strand board 3. 2mm Vapour barrier 4. ≈100mmx100 mm timber studwork (C16 sawn) frame infilled with bespoke insulation 5. 15x100mm Plywood end piece 6. 18mm Oriented strand board 7. 2mm Waterproof Breather membrane 8. 25x25mm tanalised timber battens 9. 25x25mm tanalised timber counter-battens 10. ≈20mm Bespoke waste material (spare zinc roofing sheets) cladding
2m
8
9 10 3 1
6 4
2 5
7
Hot air rises though stair aperture and out of opening roof panel
Battening
B. M8/9
Bespoke (waste material) cladding
Spatial decisions Some openings occur downstairs especially in the northern panel to allow some light access and to allow ventilation and cooling as cooler air travels through the capsule towards to roof opening. The deck could expand, to link capsules when couples get together, to provide extra space for a new business or child?
Deck expansion and connection 1:20 1. 18mm Plywood board 2. 2mm waterproof breather membrane 3. 100x450x2600mm timber members with 50x50 battens nailed on top to support tile placement 4. 350x80mm modular aluminium panel-deck attachment 5.150mm bespoke insulation 6. 100x500x40006000mm (6000 members support the deck on the masts) timber members 7. 100x500x1000mm Timber expansion member (example) 8. 540x20mm Modular metal expansion attachment connection 9. Correspondingly sized steel bolts and washers 10. 326x150x150mm timber joist connection
2m
5
6
10
8
4 9
7
3 1 2