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STRUCTURAL Scheme
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Scale 1:200
0 1m
Structural Plan Diagrams 1:200 These plans indicate the different structural types ithin the centre.
Introduction The centre has a simple structure of a Reinforced concrete load bearing structure, which is partially poured in situ and partially ex-situ components, this supports a steel frame cantilever system. I have highlighted a certain cantilever and concrete area to explore.
ReinfrocedConcrete Load Bearing Walls In-Situ PFA Board formed concrete Reinforced Concrete Load Bearing Walls GGBFS Smooth concrete/Panels Reinforced Concrete Installation GGBFS Smooth concrete Steel Frame construction with insulation casette and concrete facade tile cladding Exterior Steel Frame to support cantilevers/ provide shading Windows/Doors Non-load bearing, Wooden Stud walls Section Line
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Scale 1:100
Structural Section 1:100 The Cantilever is a truss of vierendeel and standard construction with cross bracing, columns lead from the ground to the 2nd floor with a forest of Square Hollow Section columns moving the cantilever outwards as a load bearing steel frame is created. I Beams join the columns and are set in Reinforced concrete floorplates with carryu on through into the load bearing Reinforced concrete structure, The I beams join the Reinforced concrete structure via cast-in connection plates.
Ground Floor
First Floor
Second Floor
CONCLUSION
In conclusion a series of structural systems provides support and rigidity to the centre.
Structure The cantilever is a series of columns and beams, with I beams constrainted by Reinforced concrete floorplates taking loads and forces into the building, the vertical members are braced by diagonally and vierendeel, columns connect to the ground also to provide extra support.
Vierendeel Truss As a cantilever acts as a truss, a vierendeel truss can be used, it is a open web truss, without diagonal support, but with rigid joints, It can be used to support frames, leaving spaces for the windows, like in my cantilever. Bending, shear and axial capacity of members contribute to to resistance to external lpoads, it results in a complicated distrubution of loads. (r, viernedeel truss 1:50) 0
1m Scale 1:100
Precedent Paspels School, Valerio Olgiati, Paspels, Switzerland, 1998 The school is constructed with concrete load bearing walls, similar to my design.
Forces Forces act upon the building, Precedent the loads travel down through Serpentine Pavilion, Daniel the structure and into the Libeskind, London, 2001 Reinforced concrete core to travel to the ground and travel The pavilion is constructed through the ground floor steel by a steel frame system, The columns to the ground. Tension cantilever features a similar exists between steel frame’s system. sides, through vierrendeel frames. Compression exists between the floors of the building. Key Live/Dead Loads Tension Compression
Precedent NestlĂŠ Waters Office, Bernard Mallat and Walid Zeidan, Beirut 2014 Offices are cantilevered for access to a warehouse, columns are featured to provide extra support, similar to my design for a large cantilever. Combined
Steel Frame
Load Bearing Concrete
construction and MATERIALITY DETAILED EXPLORATION OF EXTRUSION CONSTRUCTION AND CONTRAST
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Concrete Column Detail, 1:20 Key 1. Connecting rods a. 390mm b. 325mm 2. Rigid Insulation, i.e. High performance Kooltherm K108 Cavity Board. a.165mm b.45mm 3. Waterproof Membrane 4. Interior Precast GGBFS Reinforced Concrete Panel (50/75mm) 5. In-Situ GGBFS Reinforced Concrete (250mm) 6. In-Situ GGBFS Reinforced Concrete Slab (205mm) 7. Screed (with underfloor heating) (80mm) 8. Concrete Floor finish (15mm)
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To further explore the construction and materiality of my building, I have completed a 1:20 section of an extrusion out the building, representing the concept of innovative disruption, and the 2 different structural systems, reinforced concrete and steel frame. 2 0
1m
Scale 1:20
Detail Section of Steel Framed Extrusion from Concrete Core, 1:20 Key 1. Hardcore (250mm) 2. Sand (50mm) 3. Reinforced PFA Concrete Slab a. 245mm b. 635mm c. 705mm d. 365mm 4. Screed (75mm) 5. Floor Tile (20mm) 6. Exterior Tile Screed/Base (20mm) 7. Drainage Channel (100x130mm) 8. Drainage grate (90x20mm) 9. Board Formed In-situ Exterior PFA Reinforced concrete (200300mm) 10. Membrane Channel (≈390mm) 11. Connecting rods a. 390mm b. 325mm c. 140 12. Rigid Insulation, i.e. High performance Kooltherm K108 Cavity Board. a. 150mm b.165mm c.45mm d. 40mm e. 100mm f. 50mm g. 90mm h. 60mm i. 185mm j. 75mm k. 125mm 14. Waterproof Membrane 15. Interior Precast GGBFS Reinforced Concrete Panel (75mm) 16. In-Situ GGBFS Reinforced Concrete Slab a .210mm b. 200mm c. 230mm 17. Screed (with underfloor heating) (80mm) 18. Concrete Floor finish (15mm) 19. In-Situ GGBFS Reinforced Concrete Seating Installation (2000x1500mm) 20. Tapered Wooden Seats (550x50mm) 21. Square Hollow Section (SHS) Beams for Shading (150x100mm) 22. Reinforced Glass Balustrade (1450x25mm) 23. Steel Connection Bolts (110mm) 24. Steel Connection/Holding Plate, Cast into Reinforced Concrete Floorplate (350mm) 25. Spotlight (150mm) with Sliding Rigging track (50x50mm) 26. Steel Roof Truss (1380x100mm)
27. Fibre Cemment Board (25mm) 28. Rough Sawn Supporting Timber a. (50x50mm) b. (50x25mm) 29. Aluminium Window Frame (200x70mm) 30. Double Glazing Glass (100mm) 31. Square Hollow Section (SHS) Beam (70x100mm) 32. Square Hollow Section (SHS) Column (100x100mm) 33. Cement Composite Board a. 18mm b. 27mm 34. Plywood (15mm) 35. Bitumen Board (12mm) 36. Aluminium Roof Edging (65x42mm) 37. In-Situ GGBFS Reinforced Concrete End Piece (260x50mm) 38. Aluminium Cladding Cap (85x100mm) 39. Hnadmade Concrete/Cement Tile (50mm) 40. Aluminium Cladding Fastener (28x25mm) 41. Plywood Head Piece (33mm) 42. Plywood a. 12mm b. 18mm c. 25mm d. 15mm e. 49mm f. 22mm 43. Wooden Batons (25x25mm) a. Horizontal b. Vertical 44. Cast in Metal Cladding Connection (Bolted) (130mm) 45. Window Frame (95x100mm) 46. Double Glazed Glass (77mm) 47. Plywood Window Support (50x36mm) 48. Square Hollow Section (SHS) Column (100x100mm) 49. Cast in Metal SHS Connection (Bolted) (200mm) 50. Aluminium Ground Cap (50x75mm) 51. Pebbles 52. PVC Plastic membrane
0 1m Scale 1:100 Elevation of Detail Area 1:100 These Elevation highlights to portion of the building which the detail is taken from. 1. Austro-Hungarian Building 2. Concrete Core 3. Steel Framed Extrusion 4. Cement/Concrete Tiles
01m Scale 1:400 Location GF Plan 1:400 Detail Section Elevation of Detail Area Stud Wall Detail Concrete Column Detail (1F)
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1. Hardcore (250mm) 2. Sand (50mm) 3. Reinforced PFA Concrete Slab (150mm) 4. Screed (75mm) 5. Floor Tile (20mm) 6. Rigid Insulation, i.e. High performance Kooltherm K108 Cavity Board a.50mm b.150mm c. 45mm 7. Waterproof Membrane 8.Timber Support Beams (75x50mm) 9. TImber Head Piece (100x50mm) 10. Cast in Connection (Steel)(Bolted) (50x40mm) 11. Plywood (12mm) 12. Plaster Board (12mm) 13. Paint (2-3mm) 14. Connecting rods (325mm) 15. In-Situ GGBFS Reinforced Concrete Slab (205mm) 16. Screed (with underfloor heating) (80mm) 17. Concrete Floor finish (15mm)
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CONCLUSION
In conclusion the building is a interlink of steel framed cladding and heavy concrete, bursting out from one another. the extrusion sits on a concrete background/ base, as seen in the elevation.
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1F Plan 15
construction and MATERIALITY CORE Concrete Community Involvement To include the Community and build up the entrepreneural base the board formed concrete surrounding the concrete sectors is formed by found objects donated by the entrepreneural base, allowing them to feel ownership of the building, something which maybe lacking due to the non-permanent workspaces for each entrepreneur. This could be done in an event to create excitement, a larger base and possibly funding for the centre.
The Central Core and walls on the angular grid are made from board formed concrete, as shown in the detail and information on this page. The concrete represents the tradition of socialist monopolies and corruption in relation to the brutalist socialist architecture and the overhangs the disruption which entrepreneurship relies on. The concrete beds the building into the city, through it’s monolithic quality, community involvement and similarity with buildings nearby.
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0 1m Scale 1:100 Detailed Plans 1:100 Location of Details.
KItchen
KItchen
Women’s WC
The ground floor tiles are continued to the outside to create a sense of continuation and increase the idea of a central street and the building especially the atrium continuing the street as a path between the riverfront and Hiseta Stret. 0 1m Scale 1:20 Concrete Wall Detail 1, 1:20 Key 1. Hardcore (250mm) 2. Sand (50mm) 3. In-Situ PFA Reinforced Concrete Slab a. 635mm b. 150mm 4. Screed (75mm) 5. Floor Tile (20mm) 6. Exterior Tile Screed/Base (20mm) 7. Drainage Channel (100x130mm) 8. Drainage grate (90x20mm) 9. Board Formed In-situ PFA Reinforced concrete (220-350mm) 10. Rebar 6 11. Membrane Channel (≈300mm) 12. Connecting rods a. 400mm b. 325mm 13. Rigid Insulation, i.e. High performance Kooltherm K108 Cavity Board. a. 150mm b.165mm c.45mm 14. Waterproof Membrane 15. Interior Precast GGBFS Reinforced Concrete Panel (85mm) 16. In-Situ GGBFS Reinforced Concrete Slab (210mm) 17. Screed (with underfloor heating) (80mm) 18. Concrete Floor finish (15mm) 19. Aluminium Cable Tray Fastener (660mm) 20. Aluminium Cable Tray (50x500mm) 21. Cables (Power, Wifi.....) 22. Light Fitting connected to cable tray
Precedent Brutalist Sarajevo/War Scars The concrete core also relates to the brutalist architecture of Sarajevo (BHRT Building, Bottom Right, Olympic Site, Middle Right), a tradition (Socialist Monopolies) which innvoation can disrupt. The War Scars, (i.e. potmarked gravestone) of the city are mimiced by the rough concrete.
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0 1m Scale 1:20 Concrete Wall Detail 2, 1:20 Key 1. Hardcore (250mm) 2. Sand (50mm) 3. In-Situ PFA Reinforced Concrete Slab a. 635mm b. 150mm 4. Screed (75mm) 5. Floor Tile (20mm) 6. Exterior Tile Screed/Base (20mm) 7. Drainage Channel (100x130mm) 8. Drainage grate (90x20mm) 9. Board Formed In-situ PFA Reinforced concrete (220-350mm) 10. Rebar 5 11. Connecting rods 6 a. 400mm b. 325mm 12. Rigid Insulation, i.e. High performance Kooltherm K108 Cavity Board. a. 150mm b.165mm c.45mm 13. Waterproof Membrane 14. Interior Precast GGBFS Reinforced Concrete Panel (85mm) 15. In-Situ GGBFS Reinforced Concrete Slab (210mm) 16. Screed (with underfloor heating) (80mm) 17. Concrete Floor finish (15mm) 18.Lintel (375x100mm) 19.Window Frame (375x5150mm) 20. Fastening System 21. Timber Window component (36x50mm) 22. Glass (20x4890mm) 19. Aluminium Cable Tray Fastener (660mm) 20. Aluminium Cable Tray (50x500mm) 21. Cables (Power, Wifi.....) 22. Light Fitting connected to cable tray
Precedent National Theatre, Denys Lasdun, London 1976
Precedent Learning Hub, Heatherwick Studio, Singapore 2015
The National Theatre is a prime example of the sculptural beauty of brutalist architecture and baord formed concrete, the massive concrete contrasts the core and overhangs and allows for disruption of concrete by overhangs, similar to the disruption of tradition by innovation.
The silicone formed concrete allows for unique and related forms to penetrate the concrete, this idea relates to the community involvement and participation the brief requires.
A pebble lined pond sits to the east of the centre, to create a boundary and stop people passing along the eastern gap. 0
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Scale 1:20
Concrete Wall Detail 3, 1:20 Key 1. Hardcore (250mm) 2. Sand (50mm) 3. Concrete Slab a. 250mm b. 150mm 4. Screed (75mm) 5. Floor Tile (20mm) 6. Toilet Cubicle Wall/Door (2120x50mm) 7. PVC Pond Membrane 8. Pebbles 9. Board Formed In-situ PFA Reinforced concrete (190-265mm) 10. Rebar 11. Membrane Channel (≈300mm) 12. Connecting rods a. 390mm b. 325mm 13. Rigid Insulation, i.e. High performance Kooltherm K108 Cavity Board. a. 150mm b.165mm c.45mm 14. Waterproof Membrane 15. Interior Precast GGBFS Reinforced Concrete Panel (85mm) 16. In-Situ GGBFS Reinforced Concrete Slab (210mm) 17. Screed (with underfloor heating) (80mm) 18. Concrete Floor finish (15mm) 19. PVC Water/Sewage Service Pipes cast into Concrete (75x100mm)
Precedent Hanil Visitors Center & Guest House, BCHO Architects, Chungbuk, Korea 2008 The Fabric formed concrete provide a interestinf surface the possible incorporation of fabric and other found objects into the formwork will provide beautiful textures and reflect Sarajevan culture and history, mimicing the interesting texture here.
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The model identifys the rough quality of the concrete. For environmental reasons, the concrete is made by using PFA (Pulverised Fly Ash) (Darker, Top, Board formed outside) and GGBFS (Ground granulated blastfurnace slag) (Lighter, Bottom, interior panels) aggregates within the concrete instead of environmentally unsustainable cement.
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The disrupting cantilevers, provide an extension to the building, it allows for a feeling of weightlessness and conencts to the city, it provides shelter for outdoor workspaces outside and a different workspace environment than the concrete cores.
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construction and MATERIALITY
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Assemble’s Yardhouse in London features a facade of homemade concrete tiles, the authencity, texture and rawness of the concrete and its use of colour make it useful as inspiration.
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Precedent Yardhouse, Assemble, London 2014
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Different coloured tiles can be used to co-ordinate the overhanging cladding with the concepts related to the grids upon which the building is based.
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Precedent Casa das Histórias Paula Rego, Eduardo Souto de Moura, Cascais, Portugal, 2008
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Souto de Moura’s Art Gallery uses coloured concrete to highlight it’s existence and as a contrast to the mostly white building around. My centre’s cantilever’s also try to contrast against the mostly grey Sarajevo.
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Precedent Casa Transportable ÁPH80 Ábaton, Spain This transportable House, shows large concrete/ cement tiles are fleasible for the project.
Community Involvement In a similar way to how the Yardhouse’s tiles were made on site, the overhangs tiles could be made by the Sarajevo Entrepreneur Base on site, further connecting the city and centre, lowering costs and increasing the rawness of the tiles.
The concrete tile below, is an example of how thand made tiles might look, the perspective shows the tiles fitted onto the centre’s overhangs.
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01m Scale 1:400 Location 1F Plan 1:400 Detail Section
Sketches Sketches of possible tiles, which will be large rectangles, fitting as single layers onto the overhangs. The colours reflect the materiality grid concept, with (l-r) the panels connecting to the Austro Hungarian, Ottoman and Socialist periods of Sarajevo, respectively.
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0 1m Scale 1:20 Cladding Detail, 1:5 (Above) Cantilever Detail, 1:20 (Right) Key 1. Square Hollow Section (SHS), Column (100x100mm) 2. Square Hollow Section (SHS), Shading Beam (100x100x3850mm) 3. In-Situ GGBFS Reinforced Concrete Slab (305mm) 4. Waterproof Membrane 5. Rigid Insulation, i.e. High performance Kooltherm K108 Cavity Board. a. 95mm b. 50mm c. 65mm 6. Screed (with underfloor heating) (80mm) 7. Reinforced Concrete Floor finish (15mm) 8. Connecting rods (390mm) 9. Beam-Column Connection (Bolted and Welded) 10. I-Beam, (350x150mm) 11. Square Hollow Section (SHS), Beam (100x100mm) to support shelving 12. Cast in Cladding Connection (Bolted)(130mm) 13. Plywood a. 12mm b. 25mm c. 50mm d. 18mm e. 33mm f. 48mm 14. Wooden Batons (25x25mm) a. Horizontal Baton b. Vertical Baton 15. Connection (i.e. Screw)(20mm) 16. Cladding Fastener (28x25mm) 17. Handmade Concrete Tile (50x 4000mm) 18. Aluminium Cladding Cap (85x100mm)
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Detail shows how affixed to the overhang structure.
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overlapping insulation cassettes
ventilation route
Materiality The Colourful Cantilever tiles, relate to Sarajevo’s socialist period, when colour was incorporated into postmodern design. (l-r, Cemetry Church, Holiday Inn, Papagajka building)
CONCLUSION
In conclusion the concrete tiles provide the cantilevers with an exciting facade, allowing for community involvement and relating to the conceptual grid.
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construction and MATERIALITY THE ROOFS The building features 3 different types of roof, a concrete roof above the concrete structure (1), a glass roof with steel trusses and sunshading fins above the atrium (2) and a roof providing shape and shade above overhangs (3).
Scale 1:20
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Concrete Roof Detail, 1:20 Key 1. Board Formed In-situ Exterior PFA reinforced concrete (250mm) 2. Board Formed In-situ Exterior PFA reinforced concrete Parapet (250mm) 3. In-Situ GGBFS reinforced Concrete Slab (190mm) 4. Waterproof Membrane 5. Rigid Insulation, i.e. High performance Kooltherm K108 Cavity Board. a. 250mm b. 450mm 6. Timber roof support (7550x550mm) 7. Plywood a. 10mm b. 20mm 8. PVC Ventilation vents a. 220x150mm b.150x50mm 9. PVC Gutter (165mm) 10. Metal Connection (i.e. Screw)(20mm) 11.Waterproof Bitumen Coating 12. Aluminium outflow (210mm)
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Chance of Snow in Sarajevo 50% 40% 30%
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Atrium Roof Detail, 1:20 Key 1. Sun Shading Fins (Fibre Cement- Same materiality as the Concrete tiles of the Cladding) a. 250x75mm b. 1430x50mm 2. Steel Roof Truss (20250x1350mm) 3. Window Frame (Aluminium) a. 150x250mm b. 150x150mm c. 75x250mm d. 175x100mm 4. Window Timber (50mm) 5. Double Glazing (100mm) 6. Roof Casette (2075x100mm) a. BItumen Membrane b. Connection (i.e. Screw)(20mm) c. Plywood i. 18mm ii.12mm d. Waterproof Membrane e. Insulation (70mm)
June 21st 12.00 The fins shade from the sun.
Limit Thermal loss from Glass Jan
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ventilation Guttering, Outflow, at route end of roof.
The concrete roof is constructed as a level below parapets with a bitumen membrane set upon a a sloping timber structure. The conceptual idea of tradition is embedded by the relation to the brutalism of Sarajevo and monolithic form of the concrete cores. Ventilation to reduce ice dams (due to Heavy snowfall in the winter), are provided by vents drawing air in and up in line with the slope to be expelled by another vent. Water slopes down the bitumen into the guttering system.
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Scale 1:20 The atrium roof is constructed by a structure of trusses under a glass roof with susnhade fins. The structure is steel and the fins are made of a hard waterproof plastic. The concept of the light street and the disruption of tradition are acknowledged. Air can rise through the glass roof, water falls down the roof, towards the outdoor area, to avoid rain harming pedestrians on the pavement and cars on the street.
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Precedent Ronchamp, Le Corbusier, Ronchamp, France 1954
Precedent Autoglass, Aukett Associates, Bedford, 1997
The concrete monolithic roof iterates the concrete of socialist brutalism and tradition to disrupt.
The Roof of the atrium is a series of structural steel trusses, in a similar way to the construction of my Building.
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0 1m Cantilever shading roof, 1:20 Key 1. Square Hollow Section (SHS), Column (100x100mm) 2. Square Hollow Section (SHS), Beam (70x100mm) 3. Cement Composite Board a. 18mm b. 27mm 4. Plywood (15mm) 5. Metal Connection (i.e. Screw)(20mm) 6. Bitumen Board (12mm) 7. Aluminium Edging (65x42mm)
Scale 1:20 The overhang roof is a simple structure of SHS steel and composite boards supported by steel columns coming from the cantilevers. The roof provides form and shafde for the canitlever. Air flows under the roof and water flows down the roof into guttering.
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Precedent Lycée International Nelson Mandela, François Leclercq et Associés, Nantes, France 2015 The large glass roof is held up by trusses, mimicing my design.
Precedent Centre Georges Pompidou, Richard Rogers and Renzo Piano, Paris, France 1977 The centre provides structure for it’s large spaces by a system of trusses, like my atrium.
ENVIRONMENtal strategy
as the air warms it rises to exit the building by windows at the top of the atrium.
VENTILATION AND AIR CIRCULATION The building must provide a comfortable atmosphere for it’s users, it must have ventilation through the building to provide spaces with fresh not stale air. The building does this by using the fact air rises as it warms to bring air through the thermal mass of the ground and cool air from the riverside to the building, to warm and release as stale air at the building’s top. Fresh Target Atmosphere
warm air Opening Window
Fresh
The target is for each space to be filled with fresh unstale air. The diagram indicates how this shall be achieved.
Opening Window Stale and Warm air also escapes the centre via windows at the end of Opening Window the cantilevers.
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Opening Window
The targeted atmospheres will be achieved by the provision of:
cooler air
-Earth Cooling tubes bringing cool air from the river (which isn’t very polluted) through the ground (where the ground’s thermal mass, cools it in summer/day and warms it in the winter/night due to solar gains) into the central atrium and through the building, as the air warms and rises the now stale air is expelled through the windows at the top of the roof and windows of the cantilevers.
Fresh
Fresh In the summer when comfort allows the doors can be opened for further ventilation.
Air cooled by the flowing river. Cool air flow into the building via earth cooling tubes. Thermal mass of the ground., being warmed by solar gains in the summer/day, and releasing this warmth in the winter./night keeings air cool in the tube in the summer and the air warmer in the winter.
river
-The Thermal mass of the ground cools/warms the air due to solar gains as it flows throughtthe cooling tubes, creating a comfortable atmosphere. The concrete cores also provide a thermal mass, to keep the spaces comfortable.
0 1m Scale 1:200 Long Section 1:200
Acoustic Panels to reduce Noise in workspace and trap sound from event space. Location of Section GF Plan 1:400 01m Scale 1:400
Advertising Boards disapate the sound from the road.
NOISE We gathered decibell readings around the site. This indicates that the site is relativly loud especially to the north and at night, there is probably correlation with the schedules of cars passing the site.
7pm četvrtak 8.04.2016
umrežavanje 50+ lokalne firme
networking 50+ local businesses Uključujući/Including Armin Osmancevic, Fahrudin Radončić......
električni socijalni poduzetnik centar Hiseta, Sarajevo 71000, BiH
@ emina@elektriþni.ba events series
Quieter Workspace near quieter area near river
Targeted decibell limits will be achieved by the use of thick concrete walls and the systems below.
+387 (0) 33 600 418 elektriþni.ba
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28.
18. 37.6.27. 36. 5.17. 26
35. 4. 25. 16. 3.24.34. 15.
Date 31/10/2015 9.30am 02/11/2015 12.00midday 02/11/2015 5.30pm 01/11/2015 10pm
anomoly?
1. 2. 3. 60 64.8 5305 Decibells (MAX)
4. 60.8
5. 61.3
6. 60.3
7. 87.1
8. 88.7
9. 75.2
10. 81.3
11. 84.6
12. 69
13. 71.1
14. 61.6
15. 68.6
16. 57.3
17. 56.3
18. 56
19. 89.6
20. 92.5
21. 71.4
22. 73.1
23. 62.3
24. 44.7
25. 58.6
26. 55.2
27. 66
28. 63.4
29. 52.6
30. 52.3
31. 47
32. 54.1
33. 87.9
34. 89.2
35. 80.3
36. 69.1
37. 69.4
1. 2. 3. 58 55 44 Decibells (Average)
4. 52
5. 51
6. 55
7. 79
8. 76
9. 70
10. 68.2
11. 72
12. 63
13. 64.3
14. 47.9
15. 50
16. 50
17. 50.4
18. 53.7
19. 72
20. 75
21. 65
22. 61
23. 49.5
24. 44
25. 47.7
26. 49.7
27. 58
28. 55
29. 45.5
30. 43
31. 44.3
32. 50.1
33. 75.1
34. 75.5
35. 73.1
36. 64
37. 58.9
N
ENVIRONMENtal strategy
20. 30. 11. 8.
THermal control
29. 19. 7. 10.
9.12. 31. 21.
The building must provide a comfortable temperature for the people, using it, it will achieve this by using strategies, including insualtion and thermal mass. The Sarajevan climate means winters are cold and summers warm, therefore, Thermal control is especially necessary.
33. 23.2. 14.
3.24.34. 15.
1. 2. 10.1 9 o Temperature C
18. 37.6.27. 36. 5.17. 26
13.1. 32. 22.
28.
35. 4. 25. 16.
3. 9.5
4. 10.5
6. 11.4
5. 10
7. 10.5
8. 10.3
9. 9.8
10. 12.7
11. 12.5
12. 12
13. 11.8
14. 11.5
15. 11.6
16. 12
Key
30OC Temperature (OC) 300 Precipitation(mm) 25OC 250
17. 13
18. 13.5
19. 10.4
20. 10.9
21. 10.8
22. 10.7
23. 10.9
Date 31/10/2015 9.30am 02/11/2015 12.00midday 02/11/2015 5.30pm 01/11/2015 10pm
10OC 100
25. 11
26. 10.9
27. 10.8
28. 14.4
29. 14.3
30. 14
31. 13.6
32. 13.4
34. 13.3
33. 13.3
35. 13.5
36. 13.8
37. 13.7
Average High Temperature
The plan shows the dates of temperature testing on the site. The temperature remains fairly consistent throughout the day and site. as shown above.
Daily Mean Temperature
But it changes, significantly during the year, requiring cooling/ventilation in the summer and warming in the winter. Thermal control is important.
20OC 200 15OC 150
24. 10.9
Average Low Temperature Precipitation
5 C 50 O
0 -5OC January
Feb
March
April
May
June
July
August
Sept
October
Nov
Dec
Target Temperatures The target temperatures are a tempearate 21oc for the workspaces and a cooler 18oc as it’s not a permanent working space for the event space.
extensive solar gain reduced by fins and shading systems.
opening window for cooling
U-VALUE ≈ 0.18 Meets Standards, possibly redesign to incorporate more insulation/ lower value.
The Target Temperatures shall be achieved by;
opening window for cooling
-Insulation, as shown thermal envelope provides environmentally good u-value. Insulation will be a high performance rigid insulation, such as Kooltherm K108 Cavity Board.
U-VALUE ≈ 0.119 good environmentally
21oc 21oc
U-VALUE ≈ 0.119 good environmentally
-Heating, as stated (below right) heating will provide extra comfort when necessary. -Thermal Mass, the concrete can provide thermal mass from solar gains to release heat/cool when necessaary. -Internal Gains, may provide heat, for example the 50 people using the centre and the computers/equipment used in the centre.
21oc 21oc
In
ins
l Ga
a tern
18oc
EVENT SPACE
N opening window for cooling
21oc
21oc
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0 1m Scale 1:100 Short Section 1:100 Insulation The Insulation forms a thermal envelope (No thermal Bridging, see Construction details for more evidence) around the building, as demonstrated by the section, with minimum 45mm insulation aand on average higher, providing low u-value and good thermal conditions. 01m Scale 1:400 Location of Section GF Plan 1:400
Monolithic concrete cores also provide thermal mass, being warmed by solar gains in the summer/day, and releasing this warmth in the winter/night, this reduces heating costs and need.
Heating Though, the thermal mass should provide a high level of warmth and thermal comfort, heating may be necessary, this shall come from hidden electric heaters in the building, powered from sustainable sources.
Cooling The Ventilation system (see previous page) provides cooling for the building, as does the thermal mass and opening windows. The Large Doors also provide ventialtion the ability of the doors to close, and only a small opening be used to enter/exit, can be useful to ensure comfort.
CONCLUSION
In conclusion the insulation, thermal mass, doors, cooling and heating systems, provide thermal control for the centre.
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N
ENVIRONMENtal strategy RAINFALL AND MOISTURE 125mm
100mm 75mm
MOISTURE
Average Rainfall Rain falls moderately in Sarajevo, throughout the year especially the Autumn and early summer, this indicates that a system must be inplace to deal with consistent rainfall, leading the water from the roof to the ground.
Moisture cannot permeate the structure, this is achieved by the use of waterproof membranes forming an enclosure around the structure. The structure is kept clear of moisture also by moisture membrane channels and gaps between batons within the cladding.
50mm 25mm Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Rainfall Flow The Roofs are designed to allow the rain water to flow into gutters and downpipes some concealed into concrete parapets, to allow water to be taken towards the ground. The guttering design is further explored in the roof details on previous page.
Nov
Dec
N
Rainfall Flow Roof Plan 1:400 01m Scale 1:400
Key
Oct
Downpipe, Exit to ground
0 1m Scale 1:100 Detail Partial Section 1:100 See 1:20 detail for full annotation. Concrete Wall Detail, 1:50 Key 1. Hardcore (250mm) 2. Sand (50mm) 3. In-Situ PFA Reinforced Concrete Slab a. 635mm b. 150mm 4. Screed (75mm) 5. Floor Tile (20mm) 6. Exterior Tile Screed/Base (20mm) 7. Drainage Channel (100x130mm) 8. Drainage grate (90x20mm) 9. Board Formed In-situ PFA Reinforced concrete (220-350mm) 10. Rebar 11. Membrane Channel (≈300mm) 12. Connecting rods (400mm) 13. Rigid Insulation, i.e. High performance Kooltherm K108 Cavity Board. a. 150mm b.165mm 14. Waterproof Membrane 15. Interior Precast GGBFS Reinforced Concrete Panel (85mm)
Location GF Plan 1:400 Detail Section
dry
0
3
0.25m
Scale 1:5
dry
dry
wet
13b
6
wet
dry
Flow of Water across roofs towards Downpiping.
12
Long Section Cut dry
wet
wet
11
4a
dry 9
15
5
4
10 3a
14
8 7 3b
13a
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6
the mositure membrane channel allows the moisture collected by the membrane to be released.
5a 7 8
5b 1
elektriþni.ba
guttering
Rainfall Flow Long Section 1:400 01m Scale 1:400
5
4b
0
1m
Scale 1:50
Drainage channel for water to flow under tiling towards river. See 1:20 detail for further detailing of construction.
Waterproof membrane provides a continous membrane to secure dry areas seperate from wet areas.
2 2 Cladding Detail, 1:5 Key 1. Square Hollow Section (SHS), Column (100x100mm) 2. Waterproof Membrane 3. Rigid Insulation, i.e. High performance Kooltherm K108 Cavity Board (50mm). 4. Plywood a. 12mm b. 18mm 5. Wooden Batons (25x25mm) a. Horizontal Baton b. Vertical Baton 6. Connection (i.e. Screw)(20mm) 7. Cladding Fastener (28x25mm) 8. Handmade Concrete Tile (50x 4000mm)
air rides up through the batons to allow the timber to not get overcome by mositure, by allowing it to escape.
N
ENVIRONMENtal strategy LIGHT ARTIFICIAL Artificial lighting will be necessary to control light suited for each individual workspaces. 1. 2. 19660 6130 Lux (lx)
3. 6300
6. 7. 4. 5. 19260 19880 19160 17660
8. 5700
9. 3700
10. 4950
11. 7190
12. 5990
13. 5470
15. 16. 14. 19220 19920 18750
We gathered lux readings around the site, (please refer to location map on thermal control page for locations). This showed that light is reduced to the east and west of the ruins and brighter to on the riverside before shadows occur as the city blocks get denser the further north we go.
17. 19800
18. 19420
19. 4
20. 29
21. 4
22. 0
23. 1
24. 0
25. 0
26. 0
27. 0
28. 2
29. 4
30. 40
31. 4
32. 0
33. 2
34. 0
35. 0
36. 0
37. 0
The atrium will feature wall mounted spotlights on a sliding rigging cast into the concrete walls to provide light for events occuring at nighttime or in the winter.
Target Lux
Workspces will feature simple aluminium pendant lights to reflect the grey interior, they can be felxible and adapted to conditions. I would incorporate Sarajevo further if these lights could be reclaimed for local factorys or former industries.
100-3000lx is considered useful, therefore a target lux of 300-500lx will be targeted for the workspace with a lux of 700-1000lx for the atrium space, these shall be achieved by the systems described below.
CONCLUSION
7am
Shadow Studies, N These studeis show how the site is under shadow during the day and night, in winter and summer, the sight is largely shadowed by the ruins and austro-hungarian buildings, which it is immediately adjacent to, the height of these buildings though isn’t too great, therefore producing not too long shadows, The 2nd storey is exempt from said shadwos as it is above these buildings height. The buildings to the north of the centre draw a shadow over the centre only in winter.
12 noon
3pm
Location of Section GF Plan 1:400 01m Scale 1:400
The centre itself only draws shadows over 300-the street, river and adjacent 500lx buildings, therefore not negatively intruding on the area.
7pm
Composite Study 21.06
7am
300500lx
N
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7001000lx
12 noon
3pm
7pm
December 21st 12.00 0 1m Scale 1:200 Long Section 1:200 Composite Study 21.12
This long section shows the shadows which form within the atrium during the height of summer. As seen in the roof detail previously, fins and covered components provide shade and disapate the strenght of the sun, also reducing extensive solar gain. The atrium is given the space with the most light and fewer shadows from builings around, as the event space doesn’t need to be as controlled, i.e. workspaces do not want glare, the light then disapates in the buildings to the workspaces off of the buildings, the cantilevers are also provided with light by south facing windows.
June 21st 12.00 The fins shade from the sun.
Further Shadow implications can be seen on my Short section.
Atrium Roof Detail 1:40
ENVIRONMENtal strategy core services 50+ CORE
TOILETS
A core rationalises the stairs, lift and central services, i.e. toilets, server/print room into a single block coordinating the centre’s design, and service routes, i.e. drainage, water...
The core contains the toilets to coordinate the drainage systems and hide the services away to allow easy visibility and access for users.
N
N
N
Disabled Toilets
Key
Metric Handbook, Adler, 1999
The centre also provides disabled toilet for disabled users of the centre.
Women’s Toilets Men’s Toilets
Plan of Core GF Plan 1:200 0
1m
Plan of Core 1F Plan 1:200
Plan of Core 2F Plan 1:200
Scale 1:200
N
STAIRS/LIFT
The 4 toilets/wash basins (each men/women) are suitable for the 50+ users of the centre.
N
N
The lift sits in the core, to rationalise services and unused spaces. A set of stairs also permeates the core, as does another, through the other wing, up through the seats and tower. The number of stairs are there for easiier access and circualtion through the spaces, as each is different for different workspaces. The stairs also help in fire design. Key
Lift
Stairs 01m
Scale 1:400
GF Plan 1:400
1F Plan 1:400
POWER
WATER/SEWAGE
Electric power will be attained by connecting to the Bosnian Grid. For financial and environmental reasons, roof solar panels and Photovoltaic panels could be placed on the sloping roofs to provide electricity, as could solar water heaters, in the future as the building grows incrementally.
Water will be harnessed from the local muncipal water system, and sewage linked to the said systems.
2F Plan 1:400
centre
Due to the lack of water in Sarajevo (In the night, water is cut of from a large part of the city). The River could be utilised in the future as the building grows incrementally to harness it’s water. grid
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miljacka
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STAGES
Construction
To implement the idea of incremental design the building could be constructed in stages.
incrementality In line with the brief, the design should mimic the idea that the centre’s entrepreneurial base expands over time, but the centre is still able to accomodate the maturing companies, allowing them to mentor the ever-increasing young entrepreneurs. The design should mirror the idea of a growing organisation.
Stage 1 First the concrete core could be built.
This might be achieved by a core system with cantilevers allowing for the expansion of the centre.
Stage 2 Then the concrete sections are built to provide adequate office space for the first small entrepreneurial base.
Before Development , Core
Start of the centre,
GROWTH Developed centre
Stage 3 Then the overhangs, the added accomodation for the centre.
Precedent Incremental Housing Iquique, Chile, Elemental, 2003 Homes for 100 families of the Quinta Monroy, in the same 5,000 sqm site that they have illegally occupied for the last 30 years. Due to low budget, only half the housing could be built, so the homes were constructed to allow for residents to expand their homes naturally, as they require, In line with an incremental brief, like mine.
Sketch of Incremental Growth of cantilever
Stage 4 The future??? what could occur, extra floors could be added and overhangs enlarged.
RIVERSIDE ELEVATION 1:100 0
1m
Scale 1:100
1
2 3
10
4
5
9
8
6 7
Riverside Elevation 1:500 01m
Features 1. Stairwell 2. Cantilever 3. Atrium 4. Austrian Hungarian Building 5. Power Station Ruins 6. Car Park 7. Seating/Steps 8. Outdoor Area 9. Concrete Core 10. Extrusion
Scale 1:500
1 3 2
9 10 4
5
6
7
8
Miljacka
Location Plan GF 1:1000 01m
Scale 1:1000
N
Elevation Location
STREET ELEVATION 1:100 0
1m
Scale 1:100
1
2 3
7
8
4
5
9
6
Features 1. Stairwell 2. Cantilever 3. Atrium 4. Austrian Hungarian Building 5. Power Station Ruins 6. Riverside Park 7. Concrete Core 8. Advertising Boards 9. Extrusion
Street Elevation 1:500 01m
Scale 1:500 1 3
7
2
8
4
5
6
9
Location Plan GF 1:1000 01m
Scale 1:1000
N
Elevation Location
LONG SECTION 1:100 0
1m
Scale 1:100
1
2
2
11
5
5
4
3
10 11
4 5
5
4
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3
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6 7
14
3 9 12
8
hiseta
MIljacka
Location Plan GF 1:1000 01m
Scale 1:1000
N
Section Cut Location
Long Section 1:500 01m
Scale 1:500 1 2
2 5
5
4
5
11
4
3 12
MIljacka
14
3 10
5 4
6 13
11
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7 9
8
Hiseta
Features/Spaces 1. Stairwell 2. Cantilever 3. Advertising Boards 4. Private Pods 5. Collaborative/Group Workspaces 6. Seating/Stairs of the Event Space 7. Mezzanine Seating Floor 8. Cafe 9. Bar 10. Private Booth 11. Kitchenette 12. Outdoor Space 13. Olympic Site 14. Denser City Blocks.
SHORT SECTION 1:100 0
1m
Scale 1:100
11
10
9
8
7
12
10
8
6 2 3 1
1
5
4
Short Section 1:500 01m
Scale 1:500
11
10 9 8 10
7 8
12 6
2 1
3
4
5
Features/Spaces 1. Meeting Room 2. Event Space/Atrium 3. Seating/Stairs of the Event Space 4. Alcolve Room 5. Quiet Library Space 6. Storage 7. Casual Workspace 8. Private Pod 9. Group/Collaborative workspace 10. Workspace 11. Cantilever 12. Power Station Ruins.
Location Plan GF 1:1000 N 01m Scale 1:1000 Section Cut Location
Features 1. Advertising Boards 2. Extrusion 3. Hiseta Street
EXTERNAL RESPONSE INTO THE STREET
CONCLUSION
This perspective concludes that the centre links conceptually to the street, carrying it through into the central atrium. The extrusions into the street link conceptually to the disruption of tradition. The Exterior Advertising Boards, act as advertising space for entrepreneurs, and provide opportunities for them and funding for the centre.
2
1
Location Plan GF 1:1000 N 01m
Scale 1:1000
Perpsective 1 Perpsective 2 A Core rationalised the stairs, lift and central services, i.e. toilets, server/ print room into a single block coordinating the centre’s design.
In line with the idea of tradition being disrupted creating innovation. The overhangs (pink) disrupt the concrete cores (orange).
3
3 Streetside Perspective (1)
2
Front Perspective (2) 1
Features 1. Pebble Pond 2. Atrium 3. Extrusion
This Perspective faces from a small street to the north of the building, it fits in line with construction grid, featuring a focal point with the extrusion down the street.
Precedent Maggies Centre Hong Kong, Frank Gehry, Hong Kong 2013.
To make sure the public don’t go between the austro-hungarian building and the centre, and use the public thoroughfare through the centre, pebbles form a natural boundary pond (1).
The Lily Jencks designed landscaping is refelctive of the boundary I want to create between buildings.
N
EXTERNAL RESPONSE
2
TO THE RIVER CONCLUSION
To conclude the building sits between two different worlds, the street and river, (see massing page) , I try to mediate this connection to the river, by having cantilevers and seats reaching out into it. These perspectives also provide an overview of the scheme.
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1
3 The Centre sits between the river and Hiseta Street, A section of the Long Section 1:200 The centre disrupts the riverside, in a similar way 0 1m Scale 1:200 to the innovation being a disruption of tradition, the overhangs fly out across the river and link with it, creating a peaceful environment. A beautiful space for people to sit over the river and relax, taking a break from work. The outdoor area cantilevers over the river, providing spaces for meetings and work/events in the summer. The surrounding water creates a boundary for privacy in the spaces.
Aerial Perspective Features 1. River Miljacka 2. Hiseta Street 3. Outdoor Space Riverside Perspective Features 1. River Miljacka 2. Riverside Seating 3. Outdoor Space 4. Cantilever 4
Steps fall over from the ground towards the river, A section of the Riverside Elevation 1:200 creating a seating area for Sarajevans to sit, to eat 0 1m Scale 1:200 their lunch, to meet, to socialise.... They also mediate the transition from City to river and allow a gentle flow from the city through the central street of the atrium to the outdoor space and to the river and beyond, allowing for contrasts between the dense busy streets and the open calmer riverside.
3
2
1
Location Plan GF 1:1000 01m
Scale 1:1000
N
RIverside Perpsective Riverside Elevation Long Section Cut
CENTRAL STREET
Precedent Wieden & Kennedy Agency, Allied Works, Portland OR, USA, 2000
8
EVENT SPACE The event space is featured in the central street of the building, an atrium which transverses the building, linking the busy street and calmer riverside, the space’s ability to act as a temporary event space and a permanant social space during other times, for entrepreneurs to relax in or as an extension to the cafe, creating a spacde for everyday Sarajevans to use to further link the building to the community,
This features a central atrium for events, the wooden seating and concrete enclosure creates the spaces and differentiates it from other spaces, this inspires the use of seating to create an event space within the central street.
8
networking event poster
Precedent Mosque and Museum of Religious Harmony, Bjarke Ingels Group, Tirana, Albania 2011 This proposed mosque uses a grid system, taken from the city grid and the direction to Mecca (like my Grid system) to create new public spaces within the complex, similar to the central street.
8 6
event SPACE
7
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PROVISION
3
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The event space is a space for events, to increase the entrepreneurial skills of the centre’s members and to increase the entreprenurial base itself leading to increased economic resilience.
5
Spaces 1. Central Auditorium 2. Alcolve Room 3. Outdoor Space 4. Quiet Library 5. Meeting Room 6. Casual Workspace 7. Private Pods 8. Group/Collaborative Space.
4 1 2
CONCLUSION
In conclusion the central street is an important concept in the design, it provides a adaptable space for the cnetre’s activities and a circualtion zone as well as maintaining current thoroughfares.
EE
T
0 1m Scale 1:100 Sectional Perspective 1:100
ST R
The street sits on a vertical grid. It allows the busy thoroughfare from the Parking space to the city to be maintained.
N
TILES EXPANSION
Event Space Perspective N
PRIVATE/PUBLIC
The two wings are genreally private compared to the public central space.
N
The concept of a public street between private wings acts as a thoroughfare between the open outdoor terrace (parking) and the busy street (city). The atrium provides a social space for events/ Sarajevans, a new space in the city.
01m
Scale 1:400
GF Plan 1:400 Sectional Perspective Cut
BAZAAR The street could be seen as a reinterpretation of the traditional bosnian, bazaar, an exciting social space.
To encourage the general public to claim the central street and building as a public space and thoroughfare, continous flooring spreads from the road to river, on the line of the grid the building is based upon. A gradient of colour increases nearer to the river.
INTERIOR SPatial RESPONSe
cy
Private Individual Pods Under Steps Room
ri
va
Quiet Meeting Rooms, Library S pace
P
Features 1. Workspaces 2. Private Work Pods 3. Event Space 4. Cafe/Bar 5. Stairs 6. The Doors
Open Share d Large Workspace Table s/ Des ks
CONCLUSION
This atrium acts as a circulation space for the building, with workspaces coming of of it, The event space provides a space for events, informal meetings and a social space, as does the cafe. Private work pods float above. St ora ge
The Atrium is public with private spaces coming off of it.
Pu b Eve lic Wa nt Sp lk T ace hro , ugh
1
2
Event Space Development Perspective The Event Space Provides space for informal meetngs, events, work breaks and a social venue for Sarajevo.
5
6 3
4
Cafe Development Perspective The Cafe provides funding for the centre, It provides employment opportunities for Entreprenmeurs without funding, It also provides a social, meeting and work space.
Atrium Perspective
N Location Plan GF 1:500
01m
Scale 1:500 Atrium Perspective
The Doors (6) Taking Guidance from the Precedents, the door acts as a boundary between the flowing indoor and outdoor environments, the concrete tiles (like overhangs) draw the public in being a beacon for entry. The Glass allows light to flow into the event space and cafe. The steel provides structure.
Precedent Studio Sitges, Olson Kundig, Sitges, Spain 2010
Precedent Uniform Wares Office, Feilden Fowles, London, 2013
Pivoting door creates a beacon of entry into the house, a focal entry point. I want to replicate this in my project, a small door allows access when its cold and the centre isn’t specifically open.
Pivoting door refelcts the mechanism of the watchmakers which inhabit the office. The Design studio and showroom are seperated by the door, it is a boundary object. In the centre, the boundary isn’t defined with tiles going outside and inside, the doors act to create a boundary when necessary.
CONSEQUENCES
HOW DOES THE CENTRE?
OF THE CENTRE CONCLUSION
The Centre provides for Sarajevo, here I show how entrepreneurs are affected by the centre.
Permanent Storage Companies can mature within the centre gaining permanance and opportunity to mentor newer entrepreneurs. Office Space Where entrepreneurs can work, collaborate and develop ideas for/build creative businesses. Meeting Rooms For meetings with investors, buyers or cllaborators, entrepreneurs will not have their own facilities.
Different working spaces for different working types.
Young Bosnians, who are aspirational, educated, creative and socially/entrepreneurally aware. They want to be entrepreneurs and have ideas to develop into products and businesses.
PROVIDE
Aspiring
Entrepreneur
Combat Youth Unemployment and Brain Drain. Increase Economic resilience, innovation and self determination combatting the monopolies prevalent in Bosnia.
Entrepreneur Success
Outdoor Posters Incorporated into Centre membership, entrepreneurs gain free advertising for their creations via posters attached to the building next to one of Sarajevo’s busiest roads.
Cafe A social space for entrepreneurs, and a source of funding for the centre and employment opportunities for low-income entrepreneurs.
Event Space For events, to educate entrepreneurs and hold public events for Sarajevo, to help fund the centre.