Revive: The U.S. Prison Industry

REFIVE: THE U.S. PRISON INDUSTRY

RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ADVANCED METHODS Profesor Robert Rabinovitz

BBA, Strategic Design and Management Program Parsons The New School for Design Spring 2013 New York, NY

THE U.S. HAS THE LARGEST PRISON POPULATION IN THE WORLD, WITH ABOUT 2.3 MILLION BEHIND BARS

IN 2011, ALMOST HALF OF FEDERAL INMATES, 48% WERE IN PRISON FOR DRUG CRIMES.

Since President Nixo “the war on drugs� in $1 trillion has been s 45 million drug arres drug use in the Unite unchanged.

on coined the phrase n 1970, more than spent on more than sts. Yet the rate of ed States remains

4/10

Prisoners return to state prisons within 3 years

THE PRISON INDUSTRY COMPLEX IS ONE OF THE FASTEST-GROWING INDUSTRIES IN THE UNITED STATES AND ITS INVESTORS ARE ON WALL STREET.

WE NEED TO REEVALUATE OUR SYSTEM. BECAUSE IT IS NOT WORKING

REFIVE UNITED NATIONS ARTICLES PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION RESEARCH REFIVE - OPPORTUNITY

REFIVE

REFIVE Who we are

REFIVE TEAM

Ariel Birke

Hyojung Kang

Maryellis Bunn

Hyun Ji Kang

has set out to encompass ethically sustainable choices with innovative design strategies. For Revive, working toward the best end result means consulting the past as well as the present and future. With an informed look into the advertising and marketing sphere, Revive works to set itself apart by interjecting all of its projects with longevit y and vitality that stands unsurpassed.

Design Criteria - Logo Design

25

CREATING OUR DESIGN PROCESS...

27

REFIVE - Design Criteria - Branding

RESEARCH

RECONNECT RETHINK

REALIZE

REATRIBUTE REDESIGN

RELEASE REACT REEVALUATE

REAL

REDESIGN REAPPLY REINVENT

RESEARCH

RECONNECT RETHINK

REALIZE

REATRIBUTE REDESIGN

RELEASE REACT REEVALUATE

REAL

REDESIGN REAPPLY REINVENT

29

REFIVE - Design Criteria - Branding

31

REFIVE - Design Criteria - Branding

+

OUR DESIGN PROCESS

RESEARCH RETHINK REALIZE REDESIGN RELEASE

33

REFIVE - Design Criteria - Branding

RE FIVE RE: A prefix meaning “again” or “again and again” to indicate repetition, or with the meaning “back” or “backward”. We are working backward, forward and again and again to gain the best solution.

IIII : Five stages of our design process: Research, Rethink, Realize, Redesign, Release Sounds like “Revive”

35

Orange = Healing

Black = Protection

REVIVE REVIVE is the multi platform campaign created by REFIVE. The project stands to inform viewers about the injustice, corruption and financial greed of the United States prison system and facilities. By investigating many sectors of the penal system the campaign offers an insight into an unjust and futile industry.

UNITED NATIONS ARTICLES

REFIVE - REVIVE - UNITED NATIONS

UNITED NATIONS ARTICLES In 1945, after the second World War, 51 countries joined together to develop the United Nations.

The United Nations is a joint venture in sustaining and perpetuating security, international peace, progressing relationships between nations, advocating social progress and making strides in maintaining and improving human rights and living quality.

41

Article 6 Everyone has the right to recognition everywhere as a person before the law

Article 7 All are equal before the law and are entitled without any discrimination to equal protection of the law. All are entitled to equal protection against any discrimination in violation of this Declaration and against any incitement to such discrimination.

43

REFIVE - REVIVE - UNITED NATIONS

Article 4 No one shall be held in slavery or servitude; slavery and the slave trade shall be prohibited in all their forms.

Article 23 (1) Everyone has the right to work, to free choice of employment, to just and favourable conditions of work and to protection against unemployment.

(2) Everyone, without any discrimination, has the right to equal pay for equal work.

45

PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION

47 47 47 47 47 47

REFIVE - REVIVE - Problem Identification

49 49

REFIVE - REVIVE - Problem Identification

PROBLEM STATEMENT The United States holds the highest criminal rate per capita in the globe. Not only are prison rates high, but the decks are stacked that after release prisoners in the United States will end up being re-incarcerated. There are systems of rehabilitation in place that vary from prison to prison, country to country. In the United States 52% of released felons are re-incarcerated The United States spent $68.7 billion on corrections in 2006, a 660% increase from 1982.

With such an influx of financial resources being spent on corrections, the statatistics should be changing. Programs should be improving, and recidivism rates should dropping, not rising.

In 2011 the prison system in the United States rose to be a $90 billion dollar annual industry, people are making money off of a system that knowingly does not work. Why are recidivism rates so high, and why haven’t the rehabilitation programs that are failing to do their job being addressed and re-evaluated?

51 51

RESEARCH

REFIVE - REVIVE - Existing Solutions - Case Studies

PENNSYLVANIA: KIDS FOR CASH

+ In Luzerne County Pennsylvania two corrupt judges were convicted of accepting $2.6 million dollars in cash kickbacks from private juvenile detention facilities. From 2003 to 2008 the judges were sentencing children as young as 11 years of age, who had committed minor infractions to jail in order to boost headcount in the privatized facilities.

Average court hearing time for these juveniles was four minutes, far shorter than what a normal case sees.

From 2003 to 2008 the judges ruled on over 6000 cases.

60% of children ruled on by the judges were removed from their homes.

50% of the juveniles that waived counsel and were seen by one of the two judges were sentenced to placement in a privatized facility. The average percentage of placement of juveniles in Pennsylvania is 8.4%.

The Pennsylvania Supreme Court removed the adjudications of all juveniles sentenced by the judges from 2003 until 2008. The court dismissed all cases with prejudice and all records were expunged.

The state of Pennsylvania contains the second highest percentage of privatized facilities, after Florida.

Part of the problem with privatized prisons is their lack of transparency. Because they are private they are not legally subjected to the same audits and inspections that state facilities must adhere to. This allows for corruption to often go unnoticed.

REFIVE - REVIVE - Existing Solutions - Case Studies

WORK FOR SUCCESS Overview An initiative brought to New York state by Governor Andrew Cuomo to place formerly incarcerated people in jobs.

Insight With the support of a high ranking political face, many other policy makers will be informed of the program and the changes in job placement that the initiative is looking to make.

++

Pros: • Reduces unemployment levels • Creates more taxpayers • Leads to less criminal recidivism • Helps build stable local communities • Diminish poverty levels

_ Cons: • Currently only in New York • Does not appear to have a psychological assistance program for those being places in jobs

REFIVE - REVIVE - Existing Solutions - Case Studies

UNITED STATES GOLDMAN SACHS: ‘SOCIAL IMPACT BONDS’ Overview Instating social impact bonds into the prison system to allow for new rehabilitation programs to be developed and put into action, including the program Goldman has chosen, Adolescent Behavioral Learning Experience.

Insight By joining the public and private sectors, you have the opportunity for greater funding.

++

Pros: • The government does not have to provide any funding to begin the program, so there is no use of tax dollars • The program targets those most at risk, juveniles • If the program does not work, there is no financial loss for the government

_ Cons:

• Monetary values places on program success may lead to skewed or distorted results • Evaluation of the programs success can take years

REFIVE - REVIVE - Existing Solutions - Case Studies

MAKING PRISONS WORK: SKILLS FOR REHABILITATION Overview Aimed at reducing re-offenders, this program is designed to be radical and innovative in supporting the needs to the labor market while teaching inmates trades and skills.

Insight By providing local job placement, you create stronger ties to community for exconvicts. Perhaps lowering the recidivism rate.

++

Pros: • Effectively helps local economies by placing ex-offenders with jobs in their community • Focuses on the transition from prison life to reintegration into society and the work force with the use of mentors • Virtual campuses allow for a wide variety of learning options

_ Cons: • Not all programs are free of charge • Once placed in a job ex-offenders receive no further support in their transition back into the community

REFIVE - REVIVE - Existing Solutions - Case Studies

SCOTLAND LEARNING, REHABILITATION AND THE ARTS IN PRISONS Overview Rehabilitation by use of arts-based intervention, allowing offenders to learn a creative trade that promotes active learning.

Insight When inmates are given the chance to focus on a range of arts, you provide the opportunity for progressive change in internalized thought process, leading to higher self esteem and lower rates of reincarceration.

++

Pros: • Improve literacy of inmates • Active engagement in arts programs offers a new social identity for inmates, helping them to avoid future criminal behaviors • Participation in arts programs leads to greater self expression, development of communication and social skills and encourage lasting learning

_ Cons: • Popular classes fill up, which create frustration for inmates • Advanced classes are not available for those who have completed preliminary courses • Timing of courses are difficult. Some inmates felt that going a week in between classes would not allow for them to remember what they had learned the previous week

63

REFIVE - REVIVE - Existing Solutions - Case Studies

NEW YORK SUCCESSFUL JOB PLACEMENT FOR EX-OFFENDERS: THE CENTER FOR EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES

Overview The Center for Employment Opportunities offers ex-offenders help with preparing for jobs, finding jobs, and keeping their jobs.

Insight With a structured system, work placement and sustainability of employment for ex-offenders is met with lower rates of recidivism.

++

Pros: • Helps to establish good work habits • The program tests ex-offenders of readiness before placing them in a new job • Helps to find convicts unsubsidised jobs, allowing for a more sustainable future

_ Cons: • Often takes 2-3 months to find work after release • Follow up services don’t take place until 6 months later • In many cases payment is not sufficient, this could lead to

65

REFIVE - REVIVE - Existing Solutions - Case Studies

VICTIM-OFFENDER MEDIATION Overview Victim-offender mediation is a chance for the offender to meet the victim of their actions. This provides both the victim and offender with a chance for closure.

Insight This kind of meeting allows for the offender to see the direct impact of their actions. By seeing the financial, physical and emotional impact of their behavior it may lead to a behavior change and less recidivism.

++

• Pros: • Provides the offender with a real understanding of the impact they have made on the victims life, therefore giving the criminal the ability to take full responsibility for their actions • The meeting of the victim and the offender provides the offender a chance to have closure and move past the actions that put them in the penal system

_ Cons: • There may not be a physical victim to meet with when crimes include certain drug use, theft etc • Not all victims will want to meet their offender, and not all offenders will want to meet with their victim

67

OUR SOLUTION: REVIVE CAMPAIGN

REFIVE - REVIVE - Campaign Inspiration

REVIVE

REFIVE - REVIVE - Campaign - System Map

REVIVE

REFIVE - REVIVE - Campaign - Online

ABOUT ABOUT

DONATE POST + FIND JOBS

REVIVE

REVIVE

NEWS

Online The mainframe of our content will be housed on a website and app. The website will contain information about current campaigns, statistics, out shop, events, what you can do to help and general knowledge. The app will service as a mobile resource for our content.

75

REFIVE - REVIVE - Campaign - Promotional Items

REVIVE

REVIVE

Promotional Items Revive’s promotional items are meant to evoke curiosity. In hopes that people will see the items in use, find interest in their content and seek out information about their origins.

77

REFIVE - REVIVE - Campaign - Physical Instilallation

The Exhibition Time Square stands to be one of the most populated places on earth. Roughly half a million people walk through the streets of Time Square on any given day. Revive has decided this would be a great place to launch its very own pop-up exhibition. The exhibition would be in a confined area covered in play money that denotes just how much is spent on prison systems annually. The walls would be covered in statistics and facts enlightening the viewer to the reality of just how much is spent on prisons and individual prisoners each year.

REVIVE

REFIVE - REVIVE - Campaign - Print

Print Revive has decided to use public transportation stations to place our awareness billboards. Public transportation stations can be an important medium for reaching an audience of all ages, backgrounds and incomes. By posting billbaords in public areas, we are hoping to attract people’s intrest on the issue and bring their awareness.

REVIVE

81

GOAL OF REVIVE

Short term goals are often the most difficult. Re has chosen to focus on diffusing the knowledge and understanding of what the United States prison rehabilitation programs currently look like.

We seek to show those who are unaware of the faults in the system just what isn’t working and exactly what we can do to change its success rate.

The long term goal of Re is to approach the concept of rehabilitation and replace it with new programs, programs that work. Re is a campaign that will address the insufficiencies found in rehabilitation programs in prison systems. Replacing currently unsuccessful programs with new ideas and strategies linked to more auspicious results, Re will purpose rehabilitation programs that reduce recidivism and generate sustainability for those exiting the penal system.

83

THANK

K YOU!

SOURCES http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/shared/spl/hi/uk/06/prisons/html/nn2page1.stm http://www.begintoread.com/research/literacystatistics.html http://www.jlc.org/current-initiatives/promoting-fairness-courts/luzerne-kids-cash-scandal http://www.law.ed.ac.uk/file_download/publications/0_1829_learningrehabilitationandtheartsinprison.pdf https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/32330/11-828-making-prisons-work-skills-for-rehabilitation.pdf http://www.stanford.edu/class/e297c/poverty_prejudice/citypoverty/california.htm https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles/168102.pdf http://www.nij.gov/topics/courts/restorative-justice/promising-practices/victim-offender-mediation.htm http://aic.gov.au/publications/current%20series/tandi/401-420/tandi412.html http://www.governor.ny.gov/press/02172012Work-Success http://www.nytimes.com/2012/08/02/nyregion/goldman-to-invest-in-new-york-city-jail-program.html?_r=0 http://www.bls.gov/ooh/images/p12-to-p13/p124-2-jpg.jpg http://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/31/books/review/kids-for-cash-and-the-injustice-system.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0 https://www.unodc.org/ngo/showSingleDetailed.do?req_org_uid=1052 http://f.edgesuite.net/data/www.scientologynews.org/files/anti-drug_banner.jpg http://www.motherjones.com/mojo/2007/10/anti-drug-ads-might-actually-work http://www.coloribus.com/adsarchive/prints/anti-drug-association-anguish-7867155/ http://www.coloribus.com/focus/striking-anti-drug-ads/6196755/ http://lionheart.org/prison/?gclid=CLSV8a6X-rUCFQSg4AodEj0AlQ http://www.stanford.edu/class/e297c/poverty_prejudice/citypoverty/california.htm http://www.promises.com/articles/addiction-treatment/lack-of-budget-for-prison-rehab-programs-fails-to-help-incarcerated-addicts/ http://www.drugwarfacts.org/cms/Prisons_and_Drugs#sthash.BJjApWB2.dpbs http://www.time.com/time/photogallery/0,29307,1989083,00.html http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/europe/091017/norway-open-prison http://thinkprogress.org/justice/2011/07/25/277771/norway-is-safe/ http://www.bop.gov/news/research_reports.jsp#drug http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?pid=S1806-64452008000200003&script=sci_arttext&tlng=en http://www.narconon.org/ http://www.allvoices.com/contributed-news/8607879-prison-rehabilitation-program-in-malaysia http://www.thspublications.com/news/2011/09/29/above-the-influence/ http://nymphadora-t.deviantart.com/art/Be-Above-167544962 http://sharehouse.areavoices.com/2012/05/29/above-the-influence-campaign-pairs-ondcp-and-the-partnership/ http://www.advertolog.com/partnership-for-a-drug-free-america/print-outdoor/wasps-12627205/ http://www.getdomainvids.com/keyword/above%20the%20influence%20advertisement/ http://www.coloribus.com/adsarchive/prints/above-the-influence-no-brainer-13706655/resizes/1024/ www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/.../ati_fact_sheet_6-26-12.pdf