1__ by Robert YU

DESIgn JOURnAl

STUDIO AIR STUDIO AIR JOURNAL

pART A.

CONCEPTUALISATION

COnCEpT UlISATIOn A.1 A.2 A.3 A.4 A.5 A.6 10

CONCEPTUALISATION

A.1 DESIgn FUTURIng CONCEPTUALISATION

CORnWAll gARDEn

- Case Study one

Chang Architects // 2014 // Singapore

As Tony Fry mentioned in his book, one of the tasks that ‘design futuring’ has to confront against current environmental backdrop is ‘redirecting towards far more - Case Study one sustainable modes of planetary habitation’1. Conventionally, residential project is using solid wall structure to enclose the private area as well as defining its interior and exterior spaces. Chang Architects // 2014 // Singapore Differently, this precedent of residential landed house suggested another innovative definition of good class living in tropics, in the physical and spiritual sense – by living with and constantly in touch with nature. Not only As Tony Fry mentioned in his book,taking one into consideration of local climate of the tasks that ‘design futuring’and hassite to resources, project current succeeded in response confront this against environmental to the broader context of gathering and backdrop is ‘redirecting towardsplants far more water bodiesmodes as partofofplanetary the overall planning1. sustainable habitation’ for the purposesresidential of passiveproject coolingis as wellsolid as Conventionally, using general wellness of the environment. wall structure to enclose the private area as well as defining its interior and exterior spaces. image source: this precedent of residential Differently, http://www.archello.com/en/project/cornwall-gardens landed house suggested another innovative definition of good class living in tropics, in the physical and spiritual sense – by living with and constantly in touch with nature. Not only taking into consideration of local climate and site resources, this project succeeded in response to the broader context of gathering plants and water bodies as part of the overall planning for the purposes of passive cooling as well as general wellness of the environment.

To residents, this project relooks at ways of enhancing the joy of tropical living, of enlivening communal living in a contemporary, tropical setting, where family members reside in a home of interconnected social spaces. To environment, the architecture demonstrates great cooperation between nature and manmade in terms of material used. Salvaged materials and objects from the old house form part of the new house’s schedule of finishes, and recycled wood were used for floorings and cabinetries. To residents, this project relooks at ways of person, enhancing the the joy project of tropical of In I will rate as ‘aliving, tropical enlivening communal living in a contemporary, paradise’ which demonstrates the future tropical setting, family members reside possibilities of where designing a residential in a home of interconnected social spaces. To habitation with sustainable approaches, also environment, the architecture demonstrates serving differing needs and aspirations in a great cooperation between contemporary urban setting. nature and manmade in terms of material used. Salvaged materials and objects from the old house form part of the new house’s schedule of finishes, and recycled wood were used for floorings and cabinetries.

CORnWAll gARDEn

In person, I will rate the project as ‘a tropical paradise’ which demonstrates the future possibilities of designing a residential habitation with sustainable approaches, also serving differing needs and aspirations in a contemporary urban setting.

image source: http://www.archello.com/en/project/cornwall-gardens 1. Tony Fry, Design Futuring: Sustainability, Ethics and New Practice (Oxford: Berg, 2008), p. 1-16.

1. Tony Fry, Design Futuring: Sustainability, Ethics and New Practice (Oxford: Berg, 2008), p. 1-16.

CONCEPTUALISATION

‘ECODUCT’ ThE bORKElD - Case Study Two Zwarts & Jansma Architects // 2005 // Netherland

‘ECODUCT’ ThE bORKElD - Case Study Two

As we know, wildlife animals take an important role as part of the ecosystem, but they are the one suffered the hugest impact from the Zwarts & aggressive and insatiable human activities as well. Aiming to help balancing and restoring out ecosystem, keep protecting the stable growth of nature life and minimizing the deconstruction of our mother nature are essential in current As we know, wildlife animals take an important stage. Considering confronting our nemesis role as part of the ecosystem, but they are of ‘defuturing condition of unsustainability’, the one suffered the hugest impact from the the bridge known as ’Ecoduct’ could be aggressive and insatiable human activities as the response in the way of architecture1. The well. Aiming to help balancing and restoring out Borkeld is functioned as a wildlife overpass ecosystem, keep protecting the stable growth which designed for wildlife animals to get of nature life and minimizing the deconstruction across highway A1 in the National Park called of our mother nature are essential in current ‘Veluwe’. stage. Considering confronting our nemesis of ‘defuturing condition of unsustainability’, image source: the bridge known as ’Ecoduct’ could be http://www.skyscrapercity.com/showthread. php?t=1468140&page=52 the response in the way of architecture1. The https://au.pinterest.com/pin/378443174914082641/ Borkeld is functioned as a wildlife overpass which designed for wildlife animals to get across highway A1 in the National Park called ‘Veluwe’. image source: http://www.skyscrapercity.com/showthread. php?t=1468140&page=52 https://au.pinterest.com/pin/378443174914082641/

Through the project, the architect made their effort to help animals regain their natural habitat which irrupted by human being, and Jansma Architects // 2005 // Netherland also intended to make the intervention for human to be as discreet as possible where the span of bridge was designed without a central pillar to create a calm image for drivers on the highway. Through the project, the architect made their effort to help animals regain their natural habitat which by human being, and Gradually, the irrupted idea of building such ecoduct also intended intervention bridge spreadsto make aroundthethe country for of human to beSuch as discreet as possible where the Netherland. a precedent provides insight span of bridge was designed without a central to how architecture can instigate change of pillar to create a calmpeople image to forconsider drivers on the the world and remind more highway. of the lives surrounded. In addition, the design strategy of composing natural ecology into man-made ecology paves the way of rescuing Gradually, the idea of building such ecoduct current distressing situation and should be bridge spreads around the country of highly encouraged for further dissemination. Netherland. Such a precedent provides insight to how architecture can instigate change of the world and remind people to consider more of the lives surrounded. In addition, the design strategy of composing natural ecology into man-made ecology paves the way of rescuing current distressing situation and should be highly encouraged for further dissemination.

1. Tony Fry, ‘Design Futuring: Sustainability, Ethics and New Practice’ (Oxford: Berg, 2008), p. 1-16.

CONCEPTUALISATION

1. Tony Fry, ‘Design Futuring: Sustainability, Ethics and New Practice’ (Oxford: Berg, 2008), p. 1-16.

CONCEPTUALISATION

A.2 DESIgn COMpUTATIOn CONCEPTUALISATION

CONCEPTUALISATION

RESEARCh pAvIlIOn- Case 2013-14 Study one ICD-ITKE University of Stuttgart // 2014 // Germany

RESEARCh pAvIlIOn- Case 2013-14 Study one

The project is focused on a parallel bottom-up As through the contemporary computational design strategy with the help of novel robotic design strategy and technology, the project ICD-ITKE University of Stuttgart fabrication method//to2014 form // theGermany fibre reinforced ICD/ITKE Research Pavilion 2013-14 has been polymer structures. In total 36 individual created and demonstrated the architectural elements were fabricated, whose geometries potential of novel design, simulation and are based on structural principles abstracted fabrication processes. The from project focusedelytra. on a parallel As through the contemporary computational theis beetle Each ofbottom-up them has an design strategy with the which help ofresults novelinrobotic design strategy and technology, the project individual fiber layout a material According to Rivka Oxman and Robert Oxman, fabrication method to form the fibre reinforced ICD/ITKE Research Pavilion 2013-14 has been efficient load-bearing system. Through the the development of digitalthe architectural design polymer structures. In total 36 individual created and demonstrated architectural development of computational design and should be accommodated by “emerge in the elements were fabricated, whose geometries potential of novel design, simulation and simulation tools, both the robotic fabrication intersection between science, technology, are based on structural principles abstracted fabrication processes. characteristics and the abstracted biomimetic 1 design and architectural culture” . As the from the beetle elytra. Each of them has an principles could be simultaneously integrated project showing here, the project was planned individual fiber layout which results in a material in the design process. Nowadays, without According to Rivka Oxman andaRobert Oxman, and constructed within multi-disciplinary efficient load-bearing Through the the help of varioussystem. computational design the team development of digital architectural design of biologist, palaeontologists, architects development of computational design and strategies, such complex geometries are should accommodated by “emerge in the andbe engineers. simulation tools, both the roboticand fabrication impossible to be conceivable achievable. intersection between science, technology, characteristics and the abstracted biomimetic design and architectural culture”1. As the principles could be simultaneously integrated image source: here, the project was planned project showing In design conclusion, the Nowadays, pavilion without precedent in the process. http://www.archdaily.com/522408/icd-itke-researchand constructed within a multi-disciplinary demonstrated the possibility of synthesis the help of various computational design pavilion-2015-icd-itke-university-of-stuttgart team of biologist, palaeontologists, architects between material, form and strategies, such complex geometries robotic are and engineers. fabrication computational strategies impossible to bethrough conceivable and achievable. which can lead to the innovative generation of architectural design. Simultaneously, the image source: In tectonic conclusion, the of pavilion precedent feasibilities architecture are also http://www.archdaily.com/522408/icd-itke-researchdemonstrated the possibility of synthesis widened with the assistance of multidisciplinary pavilion-2015-icd-itke-university-of-stuttgart between researchmaterial, approach. form and robotic fabrication through computational strategies which can lead to the innovative generation of architectural design. Simultaneously, the tectonic feasibilities of architecture are also widened with the assistance of multidisciplinary research approach.

1. Rivka and Robert Oxman, ‘Theories of the Digital in Architecture’ (London; New York: Routledge, 2014), pp.1–10.

CONCEPTUALISATION

1. Rivka and Robert Oxman, ‘Theories of the Digital in Architecture’ (London; New York: Routledge, 2014), pp.1–10.

CONCEPTUALISATION

bEIJIng nATIOnAl STADIUM - Case Study Two Herzog & de Meuron, ArupSport // 2007 // China

The stunning landmark building of Beijing National Stadium located at the south of the centrepiece Olympic Green and staged the 2008 Olympic Games with a gross volume of three million cubic metres which was considered to be the worldâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s largest enclosed space and steel structure. Better known as the Birdâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Nest, the most impressive part of the project must be the unwrapped steel frame which functioned for aesthetic purpose but also the entirely structure. If just simply using traditional methods through countless calculations and drafting on the paper, this kind of feasible structure would neither be designed nor built, hence the computational design strategies took a very important place at this stage. image source: http://www.designbuild-network.com/projects/national_ stadium/ http://w w w.detail - online.com/inspiration/national stadium-in-beijing-103349.html

CONCEPTUALISATION

Besides, the engineering and construction of building are also heavily depended on computational design or parametric design. As an Olympic venue, there were many standards and requirements laid down which asked high level computational techniques and simulation tools to work out. For example, Computational fluid dynamics (CDF) simulation based on the Games-time situation has been used to calculate the temperature and airflow speed at each angle of the structure and optimise all ventilation facilities accordingly. As the era of rapid development of computational architecture, people are always trying to utilize various types of tools to examine more possibility while conceiving projects. On the other hand, it also gives impetus to people design better and more potent tools to take advantage in projects. Nowadays, the generative, computational design movement becomes an essential part in architectural design, as well as enhancing our ability to evolve the built environment.

CONCEPTUALISATION

A.3

CONCEPTUALISATION

3 COMpOSITIOn /gEnERATIOn CONCEPTUALISATION

ThE ESplAnADE - ThEATRE On ThE bAY - Case Study One DP Architects, Russell Johnson // 2002 // Singapore

This is a project occurred quite early in the The eye-catching building in Singapore is a ThE ESplAnADE - ThEATRE modernist period which showing how the world-class performing arts centre made up revolution in computational programs and the of two rounded frames fitted with over 7,000 On ThE bAY - Case Study One advancement in design from computerisation triangle glass sunshades. Locals have dubbed

to computation. Such computer aided tool gave architects and engineers the ability to model buildings with simulating different Singapore DP solution to determine the best performance based on the analysis. However, to regulate and As Peters said in the ‘Computation Works: experiment various parameters to generate The Building of Algorithmic Thought’, ‘the solutions, architect acquire adequate This is a project occurred quite early in the The eye-catching in Singapore simulation is a development building of computational experience and knowledge of mastering the world-class performing centre made up tools can create arts more responsive designs,modernist period which showing how the algorithmic design. of two rounded frames fitted with over 7,000 allowing architects to explore new designrevolution in computational programs and the triangle glass and sunshades. Locals have dubbed options to analyse architectural decisionsadvancement in design from computerisation 1 to computation. Such computer aided tool them during “the the Durian”, as the twin structures A specific parameter example in this case is design process’ . gave the architects and engineers the ability resemble the spiky tropical fruit that is unique adjustment of sun exposure level made to to model buildings withwhich simulating different to this part of the world. the shading system the angles of ‘spikes’ solution to determine the best performance should be defined accurately to made the basedbuilding on the analysis. However, to regulate envelope efficient enoughand as well As Peters said in the ‘Computation Works: experiment various parameters to image source: as ensuring the interior comfortgenerate level, what is The Building of Algorithmic Thought’, ‘the https://w w w.esplanade.com/about-us/architecturesolutions, architect adequate all credited to the acquire use of such computation development of computational simulation and-building-design experience and knowledge of mastering the generative approach during design process. tools can create more responsive designs, algorithmic design. allowing architects to explore new design options and to analyse architectural decisions A specific parameter example in this case is during the design process’1. the adjustment of sun exposure level made to the shading system which the angles of ‘spikes’ should be defined accurately to made the building envelope efficient enough as well image source: as ensuring the interior comfort level, what is https://w w w.esplanade.com/about-us/architectureall credited to the use of such computation and-building-design 1. Brady Peters, ‘Computation Works: The Buildinggenerative of Algorithmic Thought’,during (Architectural 83, 2, 2013) approach design Design, process. them “the Durian”, as the twin structures resemble the spiky tropical fruit that is unique to this part of the world. Johnson // 2002 // Architects, Russell

pp. 08-15.

CONCEPTUALISATION

1. Brady Peters, ‘Computation Works: The Building of Algorithmic Thought’, (Architectural Design, 83, 2, 2013) pp. 08-15.

CONCEPTUALISATION

SMIThSOnIAn InSTITUTIOn - Case Study Two Foster & Partners, Brady Peters // 2007 // Washington DC

With the continuous development of computational design technologies and tools, the algorithmic thinking paves the way for architects to explore various design possibilities in different parts of the architecture such as the case showing in terms of roof construction. The structure consists of large span grid with varying nodes of height, which produced construction issues to the design team. Hence, a single computer program was written by one of the architect in the design team to generate the geometry of the roof. The computer code was used to explore design options and was constantly modified throughout the design process. It was also used to generate the final geometry and additional information needed to analyse structural and acoustic performance, to visualise the space, and to create fabrication data for physical models.

In this instant, computational design tool allows the architect to experiment different fabricated solutions on the digital model through modulating algorithmic script to ensure the accuracy during the design process. Considering the generative design critically, I start to wonder whether is the computational tool might make the architect or the design team over rely on them hence causing inconceivable design through process. Thus the architectural shift from composition to generation must be intertwined progressively as a steady evolution.

image source: h t t p : // w w w. f o s t e r a n d p a r t n e r s . c o m / p r o j e c t s / smithsonian-institution/

CONCEPTUALISATION

The first part of studio air is about the idea of conceptualization which aimed to lay the foundation stone for the following parametric design processes. In the Design Futuring (a1) session, the topic is trying to point out our direction as an architectural designer, taking the consideration of building up our future design through sustainable approaches. In order to make my argument more convincing and comprehensive, I usually selected to analyse two precedent projects either form sharp contrast between or existing in different situations. As the cases I have selected in a1, the Cornwall Garden is to be a sustainable residential habitation while the Ecoduct is more focusing on the protection and restoration of ecosystem. Secondly, the Computational Design (a2) introduces the process of the computational evolution, as well as how it engaging into the design process. To discuss the benefits of the involvement of computational strategies, the case of ICD-ITKE Research Pavilion is talking about the exploration of materiality and robotic fabrication through computation, whereas the Beijing National Stadium utilized the computational technology in the structure and analytical calculation aspects.

CONCEPTUALISATION

Get into the last chapter of Part A: Composition & Generation (a3), I started off looking into how architecture makes response to the shift from composition to generative design. There are various aspects that the generative design could be involved in such as the building performance of the Esplanade, and the structure construction analysis of the Smithsonian Institution.

A.4 COnClUSIOn

CONCEPTUALISATION

I learned a lot of new knowledge in these 3 weeks. Grasshopper gives me a new way to think and design. It is a new design language which can help me build a totally different design system in my brain. I can only design some simple structure or something that I can imagine and I have ability to make a model before I learn Grasshopper. Now, I can do much more complex and special works. After I finish the readings and case study, I realized digital design will be the tendency of future designing. It is easy to combine with other technology. For example, the combination of digital design and 3D printing will improve the efficiency dramatically. I will try to explore more different ways to design architecture works with grasshopper in the future.

A.5

CONCEPTUALISATION

.5 lEARnIng OUTCOMES CONCEPTUALISATION

A.6 A Al CONCEPTUALISATION

AppEnDIx lgORIThMIC SKETChES CONCEPTUALISATION

week 1 : oc tree WEEK 1 TASK: OcTree

WEEK 2 TASK: Contour Curves

week 2 :contour curves

STUDIO: AIR PART B:

Arc dev has and cur con stru and form sha to b

Co dig be In t for wh not non form gen

As con rule be

B1: RESEARCH FIELD--GENETICS

chitecture is now recasting itself. The velopment of computational technique s pushed architecture design to a newer d higher level. In general, These parametric rves and surface are fluid when it comes to nnectivity, rejecting the notion of urban and uctural typology, continuity and morphology d historical style. It often follows biomorphic ms which enhance the natural growth of the apes, and the certain genetic rule is now able be built using the digital parametric method.

ompared to traditional architecture design, gitally-generated forms are not designed but calculated and produced automatically. this case, many possibilities can be chosen designers and to be further developed, hich gives special perspectives that may t occur in the traditional design process. It is n-predictable. Designers are not making a m, but finding forms through digitally-based nerative techniques.

John Frazer mentioned â&#x20AC;&#x153; Architectural ncepts are expressed as a set of generative es, and their evolution and development can digitally encode.â&#x20AC;?

B.2A: L-SYSTEM

L-system is applied to recursive aggregation with consideration of genetic algorithm, the design leads to â&#x20AC;&#x153;a string-like structure equivalent to the chromosomes of natureâ&#x20AC;?. It can be treated as a basic concept and we can also create amazing works by using L-system if we understand it very well.

Co fo

Blo a Ar Th un al cr pu co

Ge be ar th fa co an th al be co

B.2B: BLOOM PROJECT

ommissioned by the City of London or the 2012 Olympic Games.

oom has become the genesis of research agenda that connects rchitecture and Gaming culture. he project is interactive in an nusual way, as it can be designed, ltered and dismantled by the rowd. The participation of the ublic is really what makes Bloom ome into life.

enetics make the design process ecome more simple. Components re all the same shape. It means hat it is easy to use some digital abricating method In this case, omponents can be lightweight nd easily casted by people but he structure of components should lso be strong enough. There will e infinite ways to assemble the omponents.

B.2C: MANUAL RECURSION

COMPONENT 1

COMPONENT 2

COMPONENT 3

COMPONENT 4

B . 4 : TEC H N I Q UE : DEVELOPMENT For further development and fabrication purpose, four new components are not complex in shape, which can allow various connecting possibilities. In addition, I want the sockets to be an important part to shape the components.

COMPONENT 1 RULE SET 1

COMPONENT 1 RULE SET 2

COMPONENT 2 RULE SET 1

COMPONENT 2 RULE SET 2

COMPONENT 3 RULE SET 1

COMPONENT 3 RULE SET 2

COMPONENT 4 RULE SET 1

COMPONENT 4 RULE SET 2

B . 5 : TEC H N I Q UE : PROTOTYPES 3D printing and Laser cutting are both good fabricating method for my components but I prefer to use the laser cutting because I think I can get deeper understanding of our research field in the process laser cutting. I need to assemble all components by myself and this is a good way to get knowledge and idea.

FOOTING

SOCKET

B . 6 TEC H N I Q UE : PROPOSAL

B.7: LEARNING OBJECTIVES AND OUTCOMES

This part of learning improved my understanding of parametric design dramatically. I am still not really good at parametric design but I found the joy from the process. For example, if I need to start a new definition and then use it to produce a complex model, it is still hard for me but I will be very excited if I figure it out. Before I learn this part, I can not make any model that I can not imagine in my brain. Parametric design gives me a new method to design and think and this will be the future trend. However, I still prefer to use traditional ways to design even the parametric design will be the future trend. I think part of the sense of designing in parametric designing is missing. Maybe, I am wrong. I will get more knowledge about traditional design and parametric design and I hope I can find the answer that I want.

B.8: APPENDIX: ALGORITHMIC SKETC

SKETC SKETCHES

bibliography John Hamilton Frazer, An Evolutionary Architecture (London: E.G. Bond, 1995), p.9. https://www.plethora-project.com/bloom/, retrieved on 10.04.2018.

RULE SET

CONDITIONAL RULES

AXIOM = A

IF A intersects B, Keep A

A = ABC

IF B intersects C, Keep B

B = AC

IF A intersects C, Keep C

C = BC DIAGRAM:

floor plan

and

elevations

sections

and

line drawings

perspective view

RULE SET

CONDITIONAL RULES

AXIOM = C

IF A intersects B, Keep B

A = AC

IF B intersects C, Keep C

B = BC

IF A intersects C, Keep C

C = ABC DIAGRAM: