Master Thesis Presentation Regreeneration

rOGIER HENDRIKS

Regreeneration An approach to anticipate on new built Regeneration projects in order to improve Deprived neighbourhoods.

Index

Problem analysis Literature review Introduction to the Project area Framework Critical projects Conclusions

Problem Analysis

Gentrification of London

London is shifting to a city focussed on higher socioeconomic groups   

Regeneration of brown fields areas within the city

Physical and economic success But cause displacement

Gentrification of London Tower hamlets, Docklands 1991-2001

20,9

MANAGERS AND SENIOR OFFICIALS

42,9

PROFESSIONAL

44,5

ASSCIATE PROFESSIONAL AND TECHNICAL

-11,4 -12,8 -29,5

ADMINISTRATIVE AND SECRETARIAL SKILLED TRADES PERSONAL SERVICES

ELEMENTARY

27,7

Gentrification of London In order to prevent London becoming a place for the higher socioeconomic groups, this thesis Looks for ways in which deprived areas can anticipate to new built regeneration projects and profit from them.

“

“

How can interventions in the public space contribute to minimising displacement caused by new build regeneration projects?

© thoughtsfromtheblondeside

Project location Next new built regeneration CITY OF LONDON Area: Nine Elms DOCKLANDS HYDE PARK

WESTMINSTER

SOUTHWARK

L E E

S M

N I N

VAUXHALL

BATTERSEA

BRIXTON

WANDSWORTH LAMBETH

Literature Research

Current ways of regeneration Mixed housing polices only treat the symptoms of deprivation Attracts more affluent people to the area which increases the overall statistics (Cheshire, 2009).

Interventions to attract those people cause value increases >> displacement

Empowerment Focus on the cause of deprivation Increase Employment, Health and Education outcomes

(Manley et al., 2011 & Chatterton and Bradley, 2000)

Empowerment Focus on the cause of deprivation Increase Employment, Health and Education outcomes

(Manley et al., 2011 & Chatterton and Bradley, 2000)

Create jobs that match the skills of the population (Chatterton and Bradley, 2000)

Empowerment Focus on the cause of deprivation Increase Employment, Health and Education outcomes

(Manley et al., 2011 & Chatterton and Bradley, 2000)

Create jobs that match the skills of the population (Chatterton and Bradley, 2000)

Use of green spaces has positive effects on health (Maas et al., 2009).

Provides a better air quality Stimulates physical exercise Strengthens the creation of social ties Decreases stress and fatigue

Empowerment Regeneration: focus on the cause of deprivation, and increase Employment, Health and Education outcomes (Manley et al., 2011 & Chatterton and Bradley, 2000) Create jobs that match the skills of the population (Chatterton and Bradley, 2000) Use of green spaces has positive effects on health.

Provides a better air quality Stimulates physical exercise Strengthens the creation of social ties Decreases stress and fatigue

Regeneration: interventions that stimulate the increase of Employment and Health outcomes

Framework

Project location CITY OF LONDON DOCKLANDS HYDE PARK

WESTMINSTER

SOUTHWARK

L E E

S M

N I N

VAUXHALL

BATTERSEA

BRIXTON

WANDSWORTH LAMBETH

Nine Elms

NEW BUILD REGENERATION AREA EXPENSE DWELLINGS HIGH QUALITY AMENITIES Access TO THE Thames

Nine Elms

bRIXTON

VIBRANT CENTRE OF THE DEPRIVED AREA Mixed POPULATION MARKETS AND SMALL SHOPS PROFESSIONALISATION Small scale, authenticity, specialised

bRIXTON

ORIGINAL SHOPS

PROFESSIONALISED

LL

A XH

U VA

Framework

BATTER

SEA

EXPENSIVE DWELLINGS

Two centres

HIGH QUALITY AMENITIES ACCESS TO THE THAMES

ON

Cover a different niche

Dv

VIBRANT CENTRE OF THE DEPRIVED NEIGHBOURHOOD MIXED POPULATION, MUCH AFRO-CARIBBEAN DEVELOPMENT OF SMALL MARKETS; INFORMAL MALLS POPULAR AMONG YUPPIES

BRIXT

E N I N

S M EL

LL

A XH

U VA

Framework

BATTER

SEA

EXPENSIVE DWELLINGS HIGH QUALITY AMENITIES ACCESS TO THE THAMES

S M EL

ON

Dv

MARKETS WORKSHOPS NIGHT LIFE RESTAURANTS

BRIXT

E N I N

Function as an addition to each other.

Need for a good connection

Framework

Need for a good connection

22 MIN Dv

S

27 min.

Current fabric does not contain continuous connections

Framework

Framework that connects nine elms and Brixton.

Stimulating the interchange of people between the centres

> Economic impulse in Brixton

Framework

Selecting interesting areas in the urban fabric

Connecting those interesting areas

Adding public spaces and improve existing ones >> Increase of health outcomes

Selection of spaces

VAUXHALL

Major economic and public areas

BATTERSEA

Selection of vibrant intermediate goals

LARKHALL

STOCKWELL

STOCKWELL RD.

TWO TOWERS

Dv

BRIXTON

Connecting the spaces VAUXHALL

Path, path markers and way markers

BATTERSEA

LARKHALL

STOCKWELL

STOCKWELL RD.

TWO TOWERS

Dv

BRIXTON

Way markers Tall way markers

Battersea power station

Vauxhall

Way markers Smaller way markers

Church in the urban fabric

Path VAUXHALL

General profiles that are applied In the existing profiles Connecting to the major streets BATTERSEA

1

1

LARKHALL

3 STOCKWELL

2

STOCKWELL RD.

TWO TOWERS

2

3

Dv

BRIXTON

Path: BIGGER PUBLIC SPACES

Path: broad profile

Public transport Change bus routes

Make battersea reachable by public transport by using mostly existing stations

Dv

BARCLAYS CYCLE HIRE Continue the cycle hire system Until Brixton

Dv

Framework VAUXHALL

BATTERSEA

32

13

5KM/H

12KM/H

MINUTES

MINUTES

LARKHALL

9

11

10

12

18KM/H

15KM/H

27KM/H

16KM/H

MINUTES

MINUTES

MINUTES

MINUTES

BATTERSEA

BRIXTON STOCKWELL

STOCKWELL RD.

TWO TOWERS

BATTERSEA

3

MINUTES

16KM/H

LARKHALL

Dv

BRIXTON

22 MINUTES

5KM/H

BRIXTON

Public space Add and improve public spaces

Make the route more interesting

Increase the willingness to use the public space

1

 

Make people profit from the

Benefits of green spaces on health

2

3

4 Dv

Create new Public space

1

2

1

?

3

4

2

3

5 4 Dv

Make the courtyards public

1

New amenities VAUXHALL

Cluster them by type

Improve the readability of the area

BATTERSEA

Possibilities for other

local things like art route,

local festivals etc.

LARKHALL

STOCKWELL

STOCKWELL RD.

TWO TOWERS

Dv

BRIXTON

Framework

VAUXHALL

~~

Regional: business and retail

BATTERSEA

~~

  Improvement of the public space to stimulate the increase of health outcomes

Regional: retail and culture

LARKHALL

District: active and passive recreation

STOCKWELL Local: small scale retail

TWO TOWERS

District: active and passive recreation

ARCHES

Borough: small scale retail and workshops Dv

BRIXTON

District: markets and nightlife

Gives an economic impulse to the centre of Brixton

Critical details

Critical details

Brixton

Connection of the framework to the centre of Brixton

窶ケrovision for more small business spaces

Brixton

Brixton

Connect THE Framework TO THE CENTRE

ADD BUSINESS SPACES IN THE ARCHES

ADD PLACES TO MEET AND REST IN BETWEEN

Brixton

Brixton

Increase of small business spaces Good connection to the centre

Critical details

Larkhall Connect the park to the framework Small interventions to improve the park

Larkhall Connect the park to the framework Small interventions to improve the park

Bad entrances Blind walls Lacks places to sit and meet

Larkhall

Small adjustments in the current structure of the park.

Larkhall

Embed the park into The framework

Larkhall

Removal of The blind walls

Larkhall

Add interesting amenities

Larkhall

Increase the willingness to use the park Interesting intermediate goal

Critical details

Battersea Access to the Thames

Public SPACE THAT FUNCTIONS ON A BIGGER SCALE

Battersea

Current plans for the redevelopment

Battersea

Public space for the city.

Battersea

Adding interesting amenities to the area

Battersea

Embed the square into The framework

Battersea

Dramatise the presence of the Thames

Provides access to the Thames Big public space that contains different interesting amenities

Framework

Gives an economic impulse to the centre of Brixton

  Improvement of the public space to improve stimulate the increase of health outcomes

Gentrification of London

“

“

How can interventions in the public space contribute to minimising displacement caused by new build regeneration projects?

©

Gentrification of London New build regeneration projects can generate opportunities to improve deprived areas close by.

Š thoughtsfromtheblondeside

Gentrification of London Regeneration of the public space can increase individual outcomes and contribute to minimising displacement.

Š thoughtsfromtheblondeside

Gentrification of London New build regeneration projects can provide amities for the surrounding deprived areas to prevent value increases in those underprivileged areas.

Š thoughtsfromtheblondeside

Gentrification of London Small interventions in the existing urban fabric can improve the attractiveness of the public space which improves the willingness to use them.

Š thoughtsfromtheblondeside

THANKS!

rOGIER HENDRIKS

rEGREENERATION An approach to anticipate on new built Regeneration projects in order to improve Deprived neighbourhoods.

10km

Figure 4.8: Indices of Multiple Deprivation (own illustration based on data of Greater London Authority (2011)).

10km

Figure 4.11: health deprivation (own illustration based on data of Greater London Authority (2011)).

10km

Figure 4.14: deprivation of the living environment (own illustration based on data of Greater London Authority (2011)).

10km

Figure 4.9: income deprivation (own illustration based on data of Greater London Authority (2011)).

10km

Figure 4.12: education, skills and training deprivation (own illustration based on data of Greater London Authority (2011)).

10km

Figure 4.15: crime (own illustration based on data of Greater London Authority (2011)).

10km

Figure 4.10: employment deprivation (own illustration based on data of Greater London Authority (2011)).

10km

Figure 4.13: barriers to the living environment (own illustration based on data of Greater London Authority (2011)).

0 - 5 % most deprived 5 - 10% most deprived 10 - 20% most deprived 800m

A

GE LAR VAUXHALL

STADIUM AMERICAN EMBASSY

MED I

UM

BATTERSEA

EXT R

EXT R

A

GE LAR

STOCKWELL

E

ME

DIU

M

ME DI

UM

THEATRE

LARG

M

DIU

ME

CLAPHAM

Shops Major centres Minor centres

BRIXTON

Figure 4.16: centres (own illustration based on data of Greater London Authority (2011)).

MALL AS

Dv

HOSPITAL

EXTR

300m

CINEMA AND THEATRE

Institutions Education centres

Figure 4.17: institutions and education (own illustration based on data of Greater London Authority (2011)).

300m

THAMES

LINEAR PARK

CONVENTGARDEN

BATTERSEA PARK

LARKHALL

Water Connection Square Park

Figure 4.18: public space (own illustration based on data of Greater London Authority (2011)).

WINDRUSH SQUARE

300m

Major road Minor road Elevated traintrack Barrier Train station Tube station

Figure 4.19: connections and barriers (own illustration based on data of Greater London Authority (2011)).

Dv

300m

OTHER KINDS OF PATH MARKERS

REPETITIVE PATH MARKERS

LINEAR PATH MARKERS

PATH

ROUTE

CONTEXT 2 1 11

3

4

1

Garden centre

2

Riding school

3

Sports complex

4

Garden centre

5

Restaurant

6

Scouting

9

Swimming pool

7

Activities area

10

Sports complex

Japaneese Garden

11

Sports complex

8

10

5

8 7 6

500m

1000m

N

250m 250m

Figure 5.28: analysis of the Maxima park in Utrecht, showing the routing through the park. (own illustration)

9

Path

Path markers Linear

Path markers Repetitive

way markers

Defined path

Facades of buildings

Benches cs: 1 and 2

Statue

Cs: 2 and 4

Line of trees

Spots in the pavement

Cs: 1, 2 and 4

cs: 3

Ditch

Lamp posts

Cs: 1 and 2

Elevated path Cs: 2

Cs: 1

cs: 2

Cs: 4

Distinct building Cs: 4

Two distinct buildings Cs: 4

Border Cs: 2

Cluster of trees Cs: 1

Trees

cs: 1, 2 and 4

VAUXHALL

BATTERSEA

LARKHALL

STOCKWELL Brixton - Two Towers - Stockwell Stockwell Road - Brixton

2.6KM:

31MIN.

13MIN.

11MIN.

9MIN.

Brixton - Two Towers - Larkhall - Stockwell Stockwell Road - Brixton

3.8KM:

46MIN.

19MIN.

15MIN.

STOCKWELL RD.

13MIN. TWO TOWERS

Brixton - Two Towers - Larkhall - Linear Park - Stockwell Larkhall - Stockwell Road - Brixton

6.0KM:

1:12MIN.

30MIN.

24MIN.

20MIN.

Brixton - Two Towers - Larkhall - Battersea - Thames Walk Vauxhall - Stockwell - Larkhall - Stockwell Road - Brixton

7.4KM:

1:28MIN.

37MIN.

30MIN.

25MIN. Dv

BRIXTON

a.

b.

c.

d.

Figure 6.87: different areas to store water in order to decrease the risk of flooding. a. normal situation, b. in extreme conditions the jetty can flood, c. if the water level rises more the lower parts drain water to the retention areas, d. the space in the front of the station can be used to store water (own illustration).