ADE 522 Project Book_New Academic Building at Tempe, ASU

light - air - greenspace

New Academic Building Wilson Hall Proposal

Tempe, Arizona Rongting Oscar Jin

This project intends to be the post-pandemic academic building located at the existing Wilson Hall site at ASU Tempe Campus. While questioning myself about the essential meaning of building at the beginning of the design process, I wonder how this pandemic, which brought us to the internet and detached people from the community, would have changed the way we use and experience architecture. It is crucial to maximizing a post-pandemic academic building’s comfort by maximizing the fresh air, natural light, and green space inside an architecture.

Simultaneously, it enhances the air movement between the indoor and outdoor spaces, and we have more open circulations and public shared space in this building. We can bring more natural elements coming into the architecture. It is also used as a passive design strategy that cools down space, encourages people to walk instead of using elevators, and brings people back together in a comfortable environment.

Architectural Part Site Plan Site Section Floor Plan Vertical Connection Axonometric Section Structure Double Envelope Perspective

Appendix Code Research Occupancy Calculation Program Analysis Environment Analysis Acoustic Ceiling Envelope HVAC System Egress System Energy & Sunlight Studies Preliminary Approaches Passive Design Strategy

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Orange Orange Mall Mall Cady Mall

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S. Forest Mall

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Legend 1. Entrance 7. Payne Hall 2. Hayden Lawn 8. Lattie F. Coor Hall 3. Hayden Library 9. West Hall 4. Danforth Chapel 10. Interdisciplinary A 5. Moeur Building 6. Farmer Education Building

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50 ft.

100 ft.

Site Plan

25 ft.

50 ft.

100 ft.

Site Circulation & Vegetation

Coor Hall - 100 ft.

New Academic Building - 85 ft.

Payne Hall - 68 ft.

Danforth Chapel - 15 ft.

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20 ft.

40 ft.

Site Section - West/East

New Academic Building - 85 ft.

Hayden Library - 52 ft.

Moeur Building - 32 ft.

West Hall - 26 ft.

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40 ft.

Site Section North/South

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Legend 1. Entrance 2. Classroom 3. Storage 4. Restroom 5. Mechanical Room 6. Fire Stair 7. Landscape 8. Multi-functional area

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40 ft.

Floor Plan - Ground Floor

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Legend 1. Entrance 2. Classroom 3. Storage 4. Restroom 5. Mechanical Room 6. Fire Stair 7. Landscape 8. Multi-functional area

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Floor Plan - Basement

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Legend 1. Outdoor Space 2. Office 3. Storage 4. Restroom 5. Mechanical Room 6. Fire Stair 7. Landscape 8. Multi-functional area 9. Meeting Room 10. Computer Lab 11. Research Lab

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Floor Plan - Second Floor

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Legend 1. Outdoor Space 2. Office 3. Storage 4. Restroom 5. Mechanical Room 6. Fire Stair 7. Research Lab 8. Multi-functional area 9. Meeting Room

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Floor Plan - Third Floor

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Legend 1. Outdoor Space 2. Office 3. Testing Room 4. Restroom 5. Mechanical Room 6. Fire Stair 7. Multi-functional area 8. Meeting Room 9. Research Lab 10. Lecture Room

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Floor Plan - Fourth Floor

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Legend 1. Outdoor Space 2. Office 3. Testing Room 4. Restroom 5. Mechanical Room 6. Fire Stair 7. Multi-functional area 8. Meeting Room 9. Research Lab 10. Lecture Room

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Floor Plan - Fifth Floor

Vertical Connection

Central Air and Water System: Active Chilled beams Typical Application:

Major Components:

- Active chilled beam systems are well suited to spaces with moderate fresh air and dehumidification requirements, such as office buildings, schools, and residential hotels and dormitories.

- They can also be a good choice for spaces with high demands for cooling.

- Boilers - Chimney - Chilled Water Plant - Cooling Tower - Fan Room - Outdoor Fresh Air - Exhaust Louvers - Vertical Supply and Return Ducts - Horizontal Supply and Return Ducts - Vertical Supply and Return Piping, - Horizonatl Supply and Return Piping - Chilled BeamUnits

Advantages: - Because the majority of the heat is transported as piped water, active chilled beam systems can operate more efficiently than comparable all-air systems, and the fans, ductwork, and other parts of the air-handling system may be as much as 70 percent smaller.

- The absence of fans, other moving parts, and condensate drip pans in occupied spaces reduces maintenance costs and the risk of mold or bacterioa growth in these area.

Reason of Selection: - Minmize operating costs and energy consumption - Maximize control of air velocity and air quality - Minimize system size - Minimize visual obtrusiveness - Minimize floor space used for the heating and cooling systems - Minimize floor-to-floor height - Minimize system maintenance - Avoid having a chimney

Vertical Connection - Mechanical Room

Fire Stair & Elevator Fire Stair & Elevator

North-side Grand Stair

South-side Exterior Staircase from the ground floor to the second floor

Flexible staircase & flexible seating Grand stair from the ground floor to the basement

Vertical Connection - Circulation

Rooftop Terrace

Indoor Atrium Lv.04 Outdoor Terrace

East Altrium & Rooftop Terrace

West Atrium

West Atrium East Atrium

Grank stair from ground level to basement

Flexible staircase & flexible seating

Vertical Connection - Open Space

Axonometric Section

Axonometric Section

Axonometric Section

Axonometric Section

Structure

Lv. 05

Lv. 02

Lv. 04

Lv. 01

Steel Truss

Lower Level Lv. 03

W 18x40 Steel Girder

Structural Retaining Wall

W 12x30 Steel Beam Reinforced Concrete Structural Wall Steel Bracing

Structure

Double Envelope

2 feet air space between double envelope

Structure

Moeur Building

Rooftop PV Panel Array

Interdisciplinary A

East Envelope

Danforth Chapel

North Envelope

West Hall

Hayden Library Lower Entrance

NW Aerial View

Rooftop PV Array Mechanical Room West Hall

Danforth Chapel

Mechanical Room

South Facade West Facade

SE Aerial View

Vertical Fin Double Glazing Wall Low-E High Performance Glass

Horizontal Overhang

South Shaidng Structure

Vertical Fin Double Glazing Wall Low-E High Performance Glass

North Shading Structure

North Grand Stair & East Terrace

NE Perspective

South Entrance & East Terrace

SE Perspective

West Entrance

West Perspective

East Entrance

East Perspective

South Entrance

SW Perspective

South Facade

South Perspective

Appendix

Code Research Occupancy Calculation Program Analysis Environment Analysis Acoustic Ceiling Envelope HVAC System Egress System Energy & Sunlight Studies Preliminary Approaches Passive Design Strategy

Code Research

Occupancy Type - Business Occupant Loads

Egress system Maximum Travel Distance

Assembly Occupancy

200 ft. (Unsprinklered) 300 ft. (Sprinklered)

Minimum Door Width

Min: 32” net clear Max: 48” nominal

Minimum Corridor Width

44” serving more than 49 occipants 36” serving 49 or fewer

Minimum Stair Width

44” serving more than 49 occipants 36” serving 49 or fewer

Height and Area Type I-A (3-Hour)

Unlimited Story Unlimited Height Unlimited Area

Type I-B (2-Hour)

Max story: 12 Max height: 180 ft.

Unlimited Area

Type II-A (1-Hour)

Max story: 6 Max height: 85 ft.

Max area: 337,500 sqft.

Type III-A (1-Hour)

Max story: 6 Max height: 85 ft.

Max area: 256,500 sqft.

Steel Framing

gaming area - 11 sqft. gross concentrated seating - 7 sqft. gross standing space - 5 sqft. net unconcentrated seating - 15 sqft. net Business Occupancy business area - 100 sqft. gross kitchen commercial - 200 sqft. gross

Occupant Load Calculation

Floor Floor Lv.LL Lv.LL

Room Type Room Type Classroom 01 A-3 Classroom 02 A-3 01 Classroom 03 A-3 02 Classroom 04 A-3 03 Classroom 05 A-3 04 Classroom 06 A-3 05 Multi-functional Area 01 A-3 Classroom 06 Sum - LLMulti-functional Area 01 A-3 Sum - LL Lv.01 Lv.01

Classroom 01 Classroom 02 01 Classroom 03 02 Meeting Room Classroom 0301 Meeting Room 01

Sum - 01 Sum - 01 Lv.02 Lab 01 Lab 02 Lv.02 01 Multi-functional Lab 02 Area 01 Multi-functional Area 02 01 Multi-functional Area 03 02 Multi-functional Area 04 03 Multi-functional Area 05 04 Multi-functional Area 06 05 Multi-functional Area 07 06 Office 01Area 07 Multi-functional Office 01 02 Office Meeting Room Office 02 01 Meeting Room 02 01 Meeting Room 03 02 Meeting Room 04 03 Outdoor Space 04 01 Meeting Room Outdoor Space 02 01 Sum - 02 Outdoor Space 02 Sum - 02 Lv.03 Office 01 Office 01 02 Lv.03 Office Office 03 02 Office 04 03 Meeting Room Office 04 01 Meeting Room 02 01 Meeting Room 03 02 Meeting Room 04 03 Meeting Room 05 04 Multi-functional Area Meeting Room 05 01 Multi-functional Area 02 01 Multi-functional Area 03 02 Lab Area 03 Multi-functional Outdoor Space 01 Lab Outdoor Space 02 01

Sq.ft.

Sq.ft.

1144 1275 1144 2834 1275 856 2834 750 856 1131 750 2518 1131 2518

Floor Area Per Occupant Floor(sq.ft/occupant) Area Per Occupant (sq.ft/occupant) 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7

A-3 A-3 A-3 B A-3 B

998 869 998 1147 869 570 1147 570

7 7 7 100 7 100

B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B A-3 B A-3 A-3

1021 1818 1021 1019 1818 389 1019 237 389 432 237 200 432 200 586 200 580 586 888 580 414 888 431 414 179 431 185 179 750 185 387 750 387

100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 7 100 7 7

B B B B B B B B B B B B B A-3 B A-3

3234 910 3234 1210 910 1908 1210 345 1908 192 345 261 192 600 261 360 600 200 360 200 632 200 1192 632 2987 1192 281 2987

100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 7 100 7

Female WC ( 1WC Occupancy Male WC (1 WC / / 65 occupancy Female WC ( 1WC Load 125 load) Occupancy Maleoccuancy WC (1 WC / load) / 65 occupancy Load 125 occuancy 163 0.7 load) 1.3 load) 182 0.7 1.4 163 1.3 405 1.6 3.1 182 0.7 1.4 122 0.5 0.9 405 1.6 3.1 107 0.4 0.8 122 0.5 0.9 162 0.6 1.2 107 0.4 0.8 360 1.4 2.8 162 0.6 1.2 1501 6 12 360 1.4 2.8 1501 6 12 143 124 143 164 124 6 164 436 6 436 10 18 10 10 18 4 10 2 4 4 2 2 4 2 6 2 6 9 6 4 9 4 2 4 2 107 2 55 107 248 55 248 32 9 32 12 9 19 12 3 19 2 3 3 2 6 3 4 6 2 4 2 6 2 12 6 427 12 40 427

0.6 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.5 0.7 2 2

1.1 1.0 1.1 1.3 1.0 1.3 3 3

0.4 0.2 0.4 1 0.2 1

0.8 0.4 0.8 1 0.4 1

1.7 0.2 1.7

3.3 0.3 3.3

Business WC Business WC

Male WC = 6 Female WC = 12 Male WC = 6 Female WC = 12

0.2 0 0.2 0 0.4 0.7 0.4 0.4 0.7 0.2 0.4 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 2.1 6 2.1 6 1.3 0.4 1.3 0.5 0.4 0.8 0.5 0.1 0.8 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.5 0.3 0.5

Male WC = 2 Male WC = 2

Female WC = 3 Female WC = 3

Male WC = 4 Male WC = 4

Female WC = 4 Female WC = 4

Lower Level & Lv01 Calculation

Lv.01

Floor Sum - 01 Lv.LL Lv.02

Classroom 01 Classroom 02 Classroom 03 Room Meeting Room 01

Classroom 01 Classroom Lab 01 02 Classroom Lab 02 03 Classroom 04 Multi-functional Area 01 Classroom 05 Multi-functional Area 02 Classroom 06 Multi-functional Area 03 Multi-functional Area 01 04 Sum - LLMulti-functional Area 05 Multi-functional Area 06 Multi-functional Area 07 Lv.01 Classroom Office 0101 Classroom Office 0202 Classroom 0301 Meeting Room Meeting Room 01 02 Sum - 01 Meeting Room 03 Meeting Room 04 Lv.02 LabSpace 01 01 Outdoor LabSpace 02 02 Outdoor Sum - 02Multi-functional Area 01 Multi-functional Area 02 Lv.03 Multi-functional Office 01Area 03 Multi-functional Office 02Area 04 Multi-functional Office 03Area 05 Multi-functional Office 04Area 06 Multi-functional Area Meeting Room 01 07 Office 01 02 Meeting Room Office 02 03 Meeting Room Meeting Room 01 04 Meeting Room 02 05 Meeting Room 03 01 Multi-functional Area Meeting Room 04 02 Multi-functional Area Outdoor Space 01 03 Multi-functional Area Outdoor Space 02 Lab Sum - 02 Outdoor Space 01 Outdoor Space 02 Lv.03 Office 01 Sum - 03 Office 02 Office 01 03 Lv.04 Office Office 04 02 Meeting Room 01 Meeting Room 02 Meeting Room 03 Meeting Room 04 01 Multi-functional Area Meeting Room 05 02 Multi-functional Area Multi-functional Area 01 03 Multi-functional Lab Area 02 Multi-functional Testing 01Area 03 Lab 02 Testing Outdoor Space Testing 03 01 Outdoor Space 02 Classroom

A-3 A-3 A-3 Type B

998 869 1147 Sq.ft.

570

7 7 7 Floor Area Per Occupant 100 (sq.ft/occupant)

A-3 A-3 B A-3 B A-3 B A-3 B A-3 B A-3 B B B B A-3 B A-3 B A-3 B B B B B A-3 B A-3 B B B B B B B B B B B B B A-3 B A-3 B A-3 A-3 B B B B B B B B B B B B B A-3 B A-3

1144 1275 1021 2834 1818 856 1019 750 389 1131 237 2518 432 200 200 586 998 580 869 888 1147 414 570 431 179 185 1021 750 1818 387 1019 389 237 3234 432 910 200 1210 200 1908 586 345 580 192 888 261 414 600 431 360 179 200 185 200 750 632 387 1192 2987 281 3234 910 1210 3456 1908 431 345 565 192 564 261 600 600 584 360 200 200 200 1139 632 1275 1192 374 2987 1540 281 1171

7 7 100 7 100 7 100 7 100 7 100 7 100 100 100 100 7 100 7 100 7 100 100 100 100 100 7 100 7 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 7 100 7 100 7 7 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 7 100 7

143 0.6 1.1 124 0.5 1.0 Female WC 164 0.7 1.3 ( 1WC Occupancy Male WC (1 WC / / 65 occupancy 6 Load 125 occuancy load) load) 436 2 3 163 0.7 1.3 182 0.7 1.4 10 405 1.6 3.1 18 122 0.5 0.9 10 107 0.4 0.8 4 162 0.6 1.2 2 360 1.4 2.8 4 1501 6 12 2 2 6 143 0.6 1.1 6 124 0.5 1.0 9 164 0.7 1.3 4 6 4 436 2 3 2 2 10 107 0.4 0.8 18 55 0.2 0.4 10 248 1 1 4 2 32 4 9 2 12 2 19 6 3 6 2 9 3 4 6 4 2 2 107 0.4 0.8 6 55 0.2 0.4 12 248 1 1 427 1.7 3.3 40 0.2 0.3 32 579 2 4 9 12 35 19 4 3 6 2 6 3 6 6 4 2 2 2 11 6 13 12 4 427 1.7 3.3 15 40 0.2 0.3 167 0.7 1.3

Business 0.2 WC 0 0.4 0.7 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.2 0 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.7 2.1 0.4 6 0.2 0.1 1.3 0.2 0.4 0.1 0.5 0.1 0.8 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.4 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.3 2.1 0.5 6 1.3 4 0.4 0.5 1.4 0.8 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.5 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.1 0.6

Male WC = 2

Female WC = 3

Male WC = 6 Female WC = 12

Male WC = 2

Female WC = 3

Male WC = 4

Female WC = 4

Male WC = 4

Female WC = 4

Male WC = 4

Female WC = 6

Lv02 & Lv03 Calculation

Multi-functional Area 03 B Lab B Outdoor Space 01 A-3 Floor Room Type Outdoor Space 02 A-3 Sum - 03 Lv.LL Classroom 01 A-3 Classroom A-3 Lv.04 Office 0102 B Classroom A-3 Office 0203 B Classroom 0401 A-3 Meeting Room B Classroom 0502 A-3 Meeting Room B Classroom 0603 A-3 Meeting Room B Multi-functional Area 01 A-3 B Sum - LLMulti-functional Area 02 B Multi-functional Area 03 B Lab B Lv.01 Classroom A-3 Testing 0101 B Classroom A-3 Testing 0202 B Classroom A-3 Testing 0303 B Meeting Room 01 B Classroom A-3 Sum - 01 Outdoor Space A-3 Sun - 04 Lv.02 Lab 01 B Lab 02 B Lv.05 Office 01 Multi-functional B Office 02Area 01 Multi-functional B Office 03Area 02 Multi-functional B Office 04Area 03 Multi-functional B Office 05Area 04 Multi-functional B Office 06Area 05 Multi-functional Area 06 B 01 Multi-functional Area 07 B 02 Office 01Area 03 Multi-functional B Office 02Area 04 Multi-functional B Meeting Room 01 05 B Multi-functional Area Meeting Room 02 B 01 Meeting Room 03 B 02 Meeting Room 04 B 03 Outdoor OutdoorSpace Space01 A-3 Outdoor OutdoorSpace Space02 A-3 Sum - 02 Classroom A-3 Sum - 05 Lv.03 Office 01 B Office 02 B Office 03 B Office 04 B Meeting Room 01 B Meeting Room 02 B Meeting Room 03 B Meeting Room 04 B Meeting Room 05 B Multi-functional Area 01 B Multi-functional Area 02 B Multi-functional Area 03 B Lab B Outdoor Space 01 A-3 Outdoor Space 02 A-3

632 1192 2987 Sq.ft.

281

100 100 7 Floor Area Per Occupant 7 (sq.ft/occupant)

1144 1275 3456 2834 431 856 565 750 564 1131 600 2518 584 200 200 1139 998 1275 869 374 1147 1540 570 1171 3963

7 7 100 7 100 7 100 7 100 7 100 7 100 100 100 100 7 100 7 100 7 100 100 7 7

1021 1818 1422 1019 1159 389 998 237 2178 432 367 200 665 200 567 586 300 580 300 888 788 414 374 431 584 179 375 185 749 750 1696 387 351 2704

100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 7 7 7

3234 910 1210 1908 345 192 261 600 360 200 200 632 1192 2987 281

100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 7 7

6 12 Female WC 427 1.7 3.3 ( 1WC Occupancy Male WC (1 WC / / 65 occupancy 40 0.2 0.3 Load 125 occuancy load) load) 579 2 4 163 0.7 1.3 182 0.7 1.4 35 405 1.6 3.1 4 122 0.5 0.9 6 107 0.4 0.8 6 162 0.6 1.2 6 360 1.4 2.8 6 1501 6 12 2 2 11 143 0.6 1.1 13 124 0.5 1.0 4 164 0.7 1.3 15 6 167 0.7 1.3 436 2 3 566 2.3 4.4 843 3 6 10 18 14 10 12 4 10 2 22 4 2 7 2 6 6 3 6 3 9 8 4 4 6 2 4 2 7 107 0.4 0.8 242 1.0 1.9 55 50 0.2 0.4 248 1 1 386 1.5 3.0 787 3 5 32 9 12 19 3 2 3 6 4 2 2 6 12 427 1.7 3.3 40 0.2 0.3

0.3 0.5 Business WC 4 1.4 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.5 0.5 0.1 0.6 0.2 0 4 0.4 0.7 0.6 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.4 0.1 0.9 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.3 2.1 6 4 1.3 0.4 0.5 0.8 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.5

Male WC = 4

Female WC = 6

Male WC = 6 Female WC = 12

Male WC = 2 Male WC = 5

Female WC = 3 Female WC = 8

Male WC = 4 Male WC = 5

Female WC = 4 Female WC = 7

Lv04 & Lv05 Calculation

Program Analysis

Academic Department

Student Support for Department

Uniersity Classroom

Required Program

Dean/Director Private Office

Standard Private Office

Open Work Station

Medium Conference Room Small Conference Room or Enclave

Research Dry Lab & Project Rooms

Technology Control Room Kitchennette(s)/ Breakroom Storage

13,500 S.F.

Large Conference Room

25-30 Seat Traditional

University Classroom

Extra Large Conference

28,500 S.F,

Academic Department

Reception

80 Seat Traditional

100 Seat Traditional

Student Support for Department 8,300 S.F.

Shared Office

Individual Testing Room

Group Testing Rooms

Computer Lab Testing Supervisors Office Standard Private Office Dean/Director Private Office Shared Office or Open Office Reception Medium Conference Room Large Conference Room Work Room Breakroom Backback Storage Storage

Required Program

Multi-use Space

Office Space Dean/Director Private Office

Instructional Space

Standard Private Office

Circulation Space

Vertical Circulation

Utility Space

Open Work Station

Medium Conference Room Small Conference Room or Enclave

Research Dry Lab & Project Rooms

Technology Control Room Kitchennette(s)/ Breakroom Storage

13,500 S.F.

Large Conference Room

25-30 Seat Traditional

University Classroom

Extra Large Conference

28,500 S.F,

Academic Department

Reception

80 Seat Traditional

100 Seat Traditional

Student Support for Department 8,300 S.F.

Shared Office

Individual Testing Room

Group Testing Rooms

Computer Lab Testing Supervisors Office Standard Private Office Dean/Director Private Office Shared Office or Open Office Reception Medium Conference Room Large Conference Room Work Room Breakroom Backback Storage Storage

Required Program

Multi-use Space

Standard Private Office

Shared Office

Open Work Station

Dean/Director Private Office

Office Space

Instructional Space Storage

Circulation Space

Vertical Circulation

Utility Space Reception Extra Large Conference

Kitchennette(s)/ Breakroom

Large Conference Room

Individual Testing Room

Reception

Medium Conference Room

Group Testing Rooms

Small Conference Room or Enclave

Work Room Breakroom

Storage Computer Lab

Backback Storage

Technology Control Room 25-30 Seat Traditional Research Dry Lab & Project Rooms 80 Seat Traditional

100 Seat Traditional

Expected Post-Pandemic Program

Multi-use Space

Standard Private Office

Shared Office

Open Work Station

Dean/Director Private Office

Office Space

Instructional Space Storage

Circulation Space

Vertical Circulation

Utility Space Reception Kitchennette(s)/ Breakroom

Extra Large Conference

Outdoor Space Individual Testing Room

Reception

Large Conference Room

Technology Control Room

Medium Conference Room

Group Testing Rooms

Small Conference Room or Enclave Work Room Breakroom

Backback Storage

Storage Computer Lab

25-30 Seat Traditional Research Dry Lab & Project Rooms 80 Seat Traditional

100 Seat Traditional

Expected Post-Pandemic Program

Environment Analysis

- Phoenix - Zone 2B - Hot desert climates are typically found under the subtropical ridge in the lower middle latitudes, often between 20° and 33° north and south latitude. In these locations, stable descending air and high pressure aloft create hot, arid conditions with intense sunshine. Hot desert climates are generally hot, sunny and dry year-round.

Climate Zone

Dec.21, Winter Solstice 12:26 P.M. Soalr Noon 33.17 degree

- The orientation will infulence the thermal performance of the building and especially in Pheonix, it is important to minimize the solar heat gains.

Jun.22, Summer Solstice 12:30 P.M. Soalr Noon 80.02 degree

- It is important to minimize or eliminate the west-facing glazing to reduce the solar heat gain.

- The flat roof in light color can help to reduce the solar heat gain.

- Vertical circulation, utility room, and service room can be located on west and east side of the building to reduce the heat gain and to provide shaded area.

- Using window overhang or shading structure to prevent summer light and maximize winter light is helpful.

- The length of overhang and shading structure should be determined between the range of sun angles.

Sun Orientation & Angles & Shading Diagram

Sun Path Studies June 21st

8 am

3 pm

March 21

5 pm

Sun Path Studies December 15th

8 am

3 pm

6 pm

June 22

8 am

3 pm

4 pm

December 21

Sun Path Diagram

Wind Direction

- Climate responsive buildings in hot windy dry climate can use enclosed well shaded courtyards, with a foutain or mister or any kind of water feature, to provide wind-protected microclimate.

- Good natural ventilation can reduce or eliminate air conditioning in warm weater.

- Providing stack ventilation and maximizing the vertical height bettwen air inlet and outlet to increase the comfort and reduce cooling load as passive cooling strategy.

Wind Direction

- The comfort level of human body is in the temperature range from 68 to 78 Fahrenheit. Around 40 percent of the time in Phoenix, the temperature is above the comfort range.

- The active and passive cooling system is necessary on this site.

- Ceiling fans or indoor air movement can make it seem cooler by 5 Fahrenheit or more.

- Rainwater harvesting systen might be used to reduce energy consumption.

- Water storage tank might be installed to preserve energy and natural resource.

Temperature & Precipitation

- Providing enough north glazing to balance daylighting is important to reduce the lighting load of the building.

- Providing enough north glazing to balance daylighting is important to reduce the lighting load of the building.

- Window overhange or operable sunshades can reduce or eliminate air conditioing.

- Window overhange or operable sunshades can reduce or eliminate air conditioing.

- Circulation on the south and west side of the building can used as thermal buffers to reduce solar penetration to the interior of the building.

- Circulation on the south and west side of the building can used as thermal buffers to reduce solar penetration to the interior of the building.

- Low-E high performance glazing can reduce the heat gain.

Sky Cover & Sun Radiation

Acoustic Ceiling

D'

D DN

C''

C' DN

C

B'

B

A''

UP

A'

D

C

B

A

A

0'

D'

C''

C'

B'

A''

A'

0'

DN

0

1'

1

1''

2'

2

2''

3'

3''

3

4'

4

4''

5'

5

5''

6'

6

6''

7'

7

7''

8'

8

8''

9'

9

9''

10'

10

06_Roof 73' - 0"

05_Fifth Level 59' - 0"

04_Forth Level 45' - 0"

03_Third Level 31' - 0"

02_Second Level 17' - 0"

01_First level 0' - 0"

00_Lower Level -14' - 0"

North Shading Structure

Envelop Analysis

First Attemp for Wall

First Attemp for Roof

- Want to minimize the thickness of the wall - Want to use concrete cladding on exterior - Want to minimize the U-value

- Want to have wood finishing on the top - Want to keep the heat in side - Want to minimize the U-value - Want to use wood for interior material

Second Attemp for Wall

Second Attemp for Roof

- Want to use wood structure in the wall - Want to use concrete cladding on exterior - Want to minimize the U-value - Want to use wood for interior material

- Want to have concrete rooftop - Want to keep the heat in side - Want to minimize the U-value - Want to use wood for interior material

First Attemp for Wall: - Want to minimize the thickness of the wall - Want to use concrete cladding on exterior - Want to minimize the U-value

Envelope - Wall

Second Attemp for Wall: - Want to use wood structure in the wall - Want to use concrete cladding on exterior - Want to minimize the U-value - Want to use wood for interior material

Envelope - Wall

First Attemp for Roof: - Want to have wood finishing on the top - Want to keep the heat in side - Want to minimize the U-value - Want to use wood for interior material

Envelope - Roof

Second Attemp for Roof: - Want to have concrete rooftop - Want to keep the heat in side - Want to minimize the U-value - Want to use wood for interior material

Envelope - Roof

HVAC System

Central Air and Water System: Active Chilled beams

Typical Application: - Active chilled beam systems are well suited to spaces with moderate fresh air and dehumidification requirements, such as office buildings, schools, and residential hotels and dormitories.

- They can also be a good choice for spaces with high demands for cooling.

Major Components: - Boilers - Chimney - Chilled Water Plant - Cooling Tower - Fan Room - Outdoor Fresh Air - Exhaust Louvers - Vertical Supply and Return Ducts - Horizontal Supply and Return Ducts - Vertical Supply and Return Piping, - Horizonatl Supply and Return Piping - Chilled BeamUnits

Advantages: - Because the majority of the heat is transported as piped water, active chilled beam systems can operate more efficiently than comparable all-air systems, and the fans, ductwork, and other parts of the air-handling system may be as much as 70 percent smaller.

- The absence of fans, other moving parts, and condensate drip pans in occupied spaces reduces maintenance costs and the risk of mold or bacterioa growth in these area.

Reason of Selection: - Minmize operating costs and energy consumption - Maximize control of air velocity and air quality - Minimize system size - Minimize visual obtrusiveness - Minimize floor space used for the heating and cooling systems - Minimize floor-to-floor height - Minimize system maintenance - Avoid having a chimney

Mechanical Equipment Supply Air Ductway Return Air Ductway

10 ft.

20 ft.

40 ft.

HVAC Plan - Lower Level

Mechanical Equipment Supply Air Ductway Return Air Ductway

10 ft.

20 ft.

40 ft.

HVAC Plan - Ground Level

Mechanical Equipment Supply Air Ductway Return Air Ductway

10 ft.

20 ft.

40 ft.

HVAC Plan - Second Level

Mechanical Equipment Supply Air Ductway Return Air Ductway

10 ft.

20 ft.

40 ft.

HVAC Plan - Third Level

Mechanical Equipment Supply Air Ductway Return Air Ductway

10 ft.

20 ft.

40 ft.

HVAC Plan - Fourth Level

Mechanical Equipment Supply Air Ductway Return Air Ductway

10 ft.

20 ft.

40 ft.

HVAC Plan - Fifth Level

Egress System

Code Requirement Maximum Travel Distance

200 ft. (Unsprinklered) 300 ft. (Sprinklered)

Minimum Door Width

Min: 32” net clear Max: 48” nominal

Minimum Corridor Width

44” serving more than 49 occipants 36” serving 49 or fewer

Minimum Stair Width

44” serving more than 49 occipants 36” serving 49 or fewer

Longest Distance of Travel:

10 ft.

20 ft.

103 ft.

40 ft.

Egress Plan - Basement

Longest Distance of Travel:

10 ft.

20 ft.

95 ft.

40 ft.

Egress Plan - Ground Level

Longest Distance of Travel:

10 ft.

20 ft.

102 ft.

40 ft.

Egress Plan - Second Floor

Longest Distance of Travel:

10 ft.

20 ft.

112 ft.

40 ft.

Egress Plan - Third Floor

Longest Distance of Travel:

10 ft.

20 ft.

141 ft.

40 ft.

Egress Plan - Fourth Floor

Longest Distance of Travel:

10 ft.

20 ft.

150 ft.

40 ft.

Egress Plan - Fifth Floor

Sunlight & Energy Analysis

First Iteration

Second Iteration

Third Iteration

- Extend roof as shading structure

- Add skylight on roof

- Add south-facing exterior courtyard

- Add window overhang as shading structure

- Add interior courtyard space

- Extend the south side of the roof so the courtyard will be shaded during the summer and shined during the winter

- Eliminate west-facing window

- add stack ventilation in the middle of the building

- add north-facing glazing walls

First Iteration

Second Iteration

Preliminary Design Approach

approach 01

approach 02

approach 03

courtyard

fragment

ONE

Design Approach

Approach 01 - Courtyard

Design Strategy 1. outer circulation as thermal buffer 2. minimize west-facing windows

utility spaces reduce direct solar gain 3. shaded courtyards increase air movement maximize stack ventilation

Massing Parti

Lv 05

Lv 04

Lv 03

Lv 02

Lv 01

Usable Space Vertical Circulation Outdoor Space Horizontal Circulation Utility Space

Programing Diagram & Egress System

3.21

6.22

9.21

12.22

3.21

6.22

9.21

12.22 Sunlight Study

Steel Framing (Type I-A or Type I-B) - minimize the area occupied by columns or bearing walls - allow for changes in the building over time - minimize site disturbance - minimize on-site erection - minimize construction time for a 5- to 20-story building - avoid the need for diagonal brcing or shear walls - minmize the dead load on foundation - minmize the structural distress due to unstable foundation conditions

Preliminary Structure

Corrugated steel floor decking with sitecast concrete slab

Lv 05 Steel Truss

Steel Beam

Lv 04

Steel Girder

Lv 03

Lv 02

Steel Column with ceiling panel

Steel Column - HSS / W Steel Girder - W Lv 01

Steel Beam - W

Preliminary Structure

Lv05

Lv04

Lv03

Lv02 Primary Ductway

Lv01

Secondary Ductway

Preliminary HVAC System

Structure HVAC Ductway

Section B-B

Section A-A

Preliminary HVAC System

Approach 02 - Fragment

Design Strategy 1. outer circulation as thermal buffer 2. minimize west-facing windows

utility spaces reduce direct solar gain 3. shaded courtyards increase air movement maximize stack ventilation 4. gap between buildings and open floor increases air flow 5. exterior staircase as passive strategy encourage to walk instead of using elevator

Massing Parti

Lv 06

Lv 05

Lv 04

Lv 03

Lv 02

Lv 01 Usable Space Vertical Circulation Outdoor Space Horizontal Circulation Utility Space

Programing Diagram & Egress System

3.21

6.22

9.21

12.22

3.21

6.22

9.21

12.22

Sunlight Study

Steel Framing (Type I-A or Type I-B) - minimize the area occupied by columns or bearing walls - allow for changes in the building over time - minimize site disturbance - minimize on-site erection - minimize construction time for a 5- to 20-story building - avoid the need for diagonal brcing or shear walls - minmize the dead load on foundation - minmize the structural distress due to unstable foundation conditions

Preliminary Structure

Corrugated steel floor decking with sitecast concrete slab Lv 01

Steel Truss

Lv 05

Steel Beam

Lv 04

Steel Girder

Lv 03

Steel Column with ceiling panel

Lv 02

Steel Column - HSS / W Steel Girder - W Lv 01

Steel Beam - W

Preliminary Structure

Lv04

Lv05

Lv04

Lv03

Lv02 Lv01

Primary Ductway Secondary Ductway

Preliminary HVAC System

Structure HVAC Ductway

Section B-B

Section A-A

Preliminary HVAC System

Approach 03 - ONE

Design Strategy 1. west-facing wall as thermal buffer 2. minimize west-facing windows

utility spaces reduce direct solar gain 3. interior courtyard increase air movement maximize stack ventilation 4. gap between buildings and open floor increases air flow 5. shaded structure for shading in summer and maximize sun light in winter

Massing Parti

Lv 05

Lv 04

Lv 03

Lv 02

Lv 01

Lv LL Usable Space Vertical Circulation Outdoor Space Horizontal Circulation Utility Space

Programing Diagram & Egress System

3.21

6.22

9.21

12.22

3.21

6.22

9.21

12.22

Sunlight Study

Steel Framing (Type I-A or Type I-B) - minimize the area occupied by columns or bearing walls - allow for changes in the building over time - minimize site disturbance - minimize on-site erection - minimize construction time for a 5- to 20-story building - avoid the need for diagonal brcing or shear walls - minmize the dead load on foundation - minmize the structural distress due to unstable foundation conditions

Preliminary Structure

Corrugated steel floor decking with sitecast concrete slab Lv 05

Steel Truss

Steel Beam Lv 04

Steel Girder Lv 03

Lv 02

Steel Column with ceiling panel

Lv 01

Steel Column - HSS / W Steel Girder - W Lower Level

Steel Beam - W

Preliminary Structure

Lv05

Lv04

Lv03

Lv02

Lv01 Lower Level

Primary Ductway Secondary Ductway

Preliminary HVAC System

Structure HVAC Ductway

Section B-B

Section A-A

Preliminary HVAC System

Passive Design Strategy

Cross Ventilation

Solar Shading

- Buildings can be ventilated and/or cooled by taking advantage of naturally occurring wind currents.

- Window openings located perpendicular to prevailing winds, and coupled with openings on the opposite side of a space or building, will provide natural ventilation for fresh air and/or space cooling. Adequate cross ventilation will remove heat from a space or building.

- During warm summer months, overhangs block unwanted direct sunlighgt from solar glazing, reducing cooling loads.

- Locate an overhand above solar glazing so it does not block the winter sun.

- Exterior horizontal louvers can also be used to shade south glazing, Use the guidelines to size the louver projection as a fraction of the distance between louvers.

Cool Roof

Night Vent Cooling

- In hot climates, and climates with hot summers, a light colored roof reflects sunlight, remains cooler, offsets CO2 warming, and reduces the amount of heat transferred to the interior of a building.

- In hot climates, cool roofs can help mitigate urban heat islands, reflect solar radiation back to space, and keep indoor spaces comfortable.

- Cool roofs have surfaces that reflect sunlight and emit or discharge heat efficiently, keeping them cooler on sunny days.

- Thermal mass absorbs heat and provides cool indoor surfaces and temperatures the following day. The more surface area of mass in a space, the more stable the indoor temperature.

- In dry climates with a diurnal temperature difference of 22F or more, and where summer nighttime temperatures fall at least 11F below the desired indoor daytime temperature, use cool night air to flush heat from a space and cool interior thermal mass.

A space will then remain cool during the daytime without the use of off-site energy sources.

Stack Ventilation

Daylight Balance

- Openings located low and high, and on opposite sides of a space, create a ‘stack effect’ - warm indoor air rising out through high openings, drawing in cooler outdoor air through low openings.

- Using the air’s buoyancy resulting from a difference in its temperature climates with a minimum 3F difference between indoor and outdoor temperature - the stack effect in a space, or within a ventilation shaft, will induce an air current that removes hot air from a space or building.

- Daylighting spaces from multiple sides provides more even lighting and produces less glare around people and objects.

- Spaces daylit from one side may contain excessive spatial differences in brightness, high brightness areas behind objects in he field pf vision, and uncomfortable glare conditions. The light gradient from wall glazing to the interior of a space is steep, so the area furthest from the glazing may appear uncomfortably dark.