Designing of a Sustainable Shopping Mall in the Indian Context
Table of Contents 1.
INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................. 7
1.1.
Project Description.......................................................................................................... 7
1.2
Thesis Statement ............................................................................................................. 7
1.3
AIM ................................................................................................................................. 7
1.4
OBJECTIVES ................................................................................................................. 7
1.5
LIMITATION ................................................................................................................. 8
1.6
SCOPE OF THE PROJECT ........................................................................................... 8
1.7
METHODOLOGY ......................................................................................................... 8
1.
LITERATURE REVIEW ................................................................................................... 9
2.1
Building byelaws ............................................................................................................ 9
2.2
Griha rating ................................................................................................................... 14
3.
CASE STUDIES............................................................................................................... 15
3.1.
Forum Mall- Hyderabad ............................................................................................... 15
3.1.1.
Site............................................................................................................................. 15
3.1.2.
Connectivity .............................................................................................................. 15
3.1.3.
Project Details ........................................................................................................... 16
3.1.4.
Area Comparison....................................................................................................... 16
3.1.5.
Typology of Stores .................................................................................................... 17
3.1.6.
Horizontal Distribution ............................................................................................. 17
3.1.7.
Vertical Distribution .................................................................................................. 18
3.1.8.
Floor Plans................................................................................................................. 19
3.2.
Dlf Mall – Noida ........................................................................................................... 22
3.2.1.
Location ..................................................................................................................... 22
3.2.2.
Project Details ........................................................................................................... 22
3.2.3.
Concept...................................................................................................................... 22
3.2.4.
Floor plans ................................................................................................................. 24
3.3.
Indira Prayavaran Bhawan ............................................................................................ 28
3.3.1.
Introduction ............................................................................................................... 28
3.3.2.
Location and Accessibility ........................................................................................ 28
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Designing of a Sustainable Shopping Mall in the Indian Context 3.3.3.
Achievements ............................................................................................................ 29
3.3.4.
Measures for site ....................................................................................................... 29
3.3.5.
Criteria for GRIHA ................................................................................................... 31
3.3.6.
Planning Measures .................................................................................................... 32
3.4.
Comparative Analysis ................................................................................................... 36
3.5.
Dlf Mall – Noida Inferences ......................................................................................... 38
3.6.
Area Statement .............................................................................................................. 41
4.
SITE ANALYSIS ............................................................................................................. 44
4.1
Introduction ................................................................................................................... 44
4.2.
Contour Mapping .......................................................................................................... 45
4.3.
Site Section ................................................................................................................... 46
4.4.
Soil Type ....................................................................................................................... 47
4.5.
Accessibility .................................................................................................................. 47
4.6.
Water Flow Study ......................................................................................................... 48
4.7.
Climate Study................................................................................................................ 48
4.8.
Wind Rose Diagram ...................................................................................................... 49
4.9.
Site Specifications ......................................................................................................... 50
4.10. 5.
Inferences .................................................................................................................. 50
Concept Evolution and Design Statement ........................................................................ 51
5.1.
Design Statement .......................................................................................................... 51
5.2.
Conceptual Evolution.................................................................................................... 52
5.3.
Bubble Diagram ............................................................................................................ 53
5.4.
Zoning ........................................................................................................................... 53
5.5.
Site Studies.................................................................................................................... 54
5.5.1.
Wind Direction .......................................................................................................... 54
5.5.2.
HVAC System ........................................................................................................... 55
5.5.3.
Kinetic Facades ......................................................................................................... 55
5.5.4.
Shadow Analysis ....................................................................................................... 56
6.
Building Planning and Construction Measures ................................................................ 57
6.1.
Reduce Landscape Water Requirement ........................................................................ 57
6.2.
Reduce Water use in the Building ................................................................................ 57
6.3.
Efficient Water Use During Construction..................................................................... 58
6.4.
Optimize Building Design to reduce Conventional energy demand ............................ 58
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Designing of a Sustainable Shopping Mall in the Indian Context 6.5.
Optimize Energy Performance of Building within specified comfort limits ................ 59
6.6.
Water Requirement for the Site .................................................................................... 60
6.7.
Electricity requirement of the site ................................................................................. 61
7.
Site Plan ............................................................................................................................ 63
7.1.
Site Services .................................................................................................................. 63
7.2.
Site Circulation ............................................................................................................. 64
7.3.
Site Section ................................................................................................................... 65
7.4.
Floor Plans .................................................................................................................... 65
7.5.
Site Section ................................................................................................................... 68
7.6.
3D Renders.................................................................................................................... 70
Figure 1:Griha Rating .............................................................................................................. 14 Figure 2: Site Location............................................................................................................. 15 Figure 3:Connectivity to site .................................................................................................... 16 Figure 4:Area Comparison ....................................................................................................... 17 Figure 5: Store Typology ......................................................................................................... 17 Figure 6: Horizonal Distribution.............................................................................................. 17 Figure 7: Vertical Distribution ................................................................................................. 18 Figure 8: Lower and Upper Ground Floor Plan ....................................................................... 19 Figure 9: First and Second Floor Plans .................................................................................... 20 Figure 10: Third and Fourth Floor Plan ................................................................................... 21 Figure 11: Location .................................................................................................................. 22 Figure 12: Categorization of zones .......................................................................................... 23 Figure 13: Lower Ground Floor ............................................................................................... 24 Figure 14: Ground Floor plan .................................................................................................. 24 Figure 15:First Floor Plan ........................................................................................................ 25 Figure 16:Second Floor Plan ................................................................................................... 25 Figure 17: Third Floor Plan ..................................................................................................... 26 Figure 18: Fourth Floor Plan.................................................................................................... 26 Figure 19: Fifth Floor Plan ...................................................................................................... 27 Figure 20:Location ................................................................................................................... 28 Figure 21: Building Placement ................................................................................................ 29 Figure 22: Site Plan .................................................................................................................. 30 Figure 23: Wind direction and flow ......................................................................................... 30 Figure 24: Annotation of all services used .............................................................................. 33 Figure 25: Sustainable techniques ........................................................................................... 34 Figure 26: Chilled beams induction ......................................................................................... 35 Figure 27: Chilled beams induction ......................................................................................... 35 Figure 28: Site Location........................................................................................................... 44 3|Page
Designing of a Sustainable Shopping Mall in the Indian Context Figure 29: Influencing Factor .................................................................................................. 44 Figure 30: Contour Mapping ................................................................................................... 45 Figure 31:Horizontal Section ................................................................................................... 46 Figure 32: Vertical Section ...................................................................................................... 46 Figure 33: Access road............................................................................................................. 47 Figure 34:Water Flow Analysis ............................................................................................... 48 Figure 35: Climate chart .......................................................................................................... 48 Figure 36: Temperature chart................................................................................................... 49 Figure 37: Wind Rose Diagram ............................................................................................... 49 Figure 38: Yin Yang ................................................................................................................ 52 Figure 39: Form Development ................................................................................................. 52 Figure 40:Circulation Bubble Diagram ................................................................................... 53 Figure 41: Site Zoning ............................................................................................................. 53 Figure 42: Wind Direction ....................................................................................................... 54 Figure 43:HVAC profile .......................................................................................................... 55 Figure 44:Louvre Design ......................................................................................................... 56 Figure 45: Central Courtyard Analysis .................................................................................... 56 Figure 46: Shadow Analysis of central courtyard.................................................................... 57 Figure 47:Energy Conservation Measures ............................................................................... 59 Figure 48: Chilled Beams Induction Units .............................................................................. 60 Figure 49:Chilled Beams Induction Units ............................................................................... 60 Figure 50:Site Plan ................................................................................................................... 63 Figure 51: Site Services ........................................................................................................... 63 Figure 52:Pedestrian Circulation ............................................................................................. 64 Figure 53:Vehicular Movement ............................................................................................... 64 Figure 54:Section 1 .................................................................................................................. 65 Figure 55:Section 2 .................................................................................................................. 65 Figure 56:Ground Floor Plan ................................................................................................... 65 Figure 57:First Floor Plan ........................................................................................................ 66 Figure 58: Second Floor Plan .................................................................................................. 66 Figure 59:Third Floor Plan ...................................................................................................... 67 Figure 60:Fourth Floor Plan..................................................................................................... 67 Figure 61:Key Plan .................................................................................................................. 68 Figure 62: Section AA' ............................................................................................................ 68 Figure 63: Section BB' ............................................................................................................. 68 Figure 64:Section CC' .............................................................................................................. 69 Figure 65: Section DD' ............................................................................................................ 69 Figure 66: Section EE' ............................................................................................................. 69 Figure 67: A view from the entrance of the mall ..................................................................... 70 Figure 68:A view of the entrance stairway .............................................................................. 70 Figure 69: A view of the entrance stairway ............................................................................. 71 Figure 70: A view of the central connecting space .................................................................. 71 Figure 71: A view of the landscape area .................................................................................. 72 4|Page
Designing of a Sustainable Shopping Mall in the Indian Context Figure 72: A view of the connecting bridge for pedestrian ..................................................... 72 Figure 73: A view of the central atrium ................................................................................... 73 Figure 74: A view of the solar panels in the rooftop ............................................................... 73 Figure 75: A view of the rooftop ............................................................................................. 74 Figure 76: A view of the courtyard from the bridge ................................................................ 74 Figure 77: A view of the courtyard .......................................................................................... 75 Figure 78: A view of the solar panels in the rooftop ............................................................... 75
List of Tables
Table 1: Basic building byelaws of the city (Department, 2010) .............................................. 9 Table 2: Building Byelaws (Department, 2010) ........................................................................ 9 Table 3: Building byelaws ....................................................................................................... 10 Table 4:Building Byelaws (Department, 2010) ....................................................................... 11 Table 5: Building Byelaws (Department, 2010) ...................................................................... 12 Table 6: Building Byelaws (Department, 2010) ...................................................................... 13 Table 7: Building Byelaws (Department, 2010) ...................................................................... 13 Table 8: Griha Criteria ............................................................................................................. 31 Table 9: Griha Criteria ............................................................................................................. 32 Table 10: Comparative Analysis .............................................................................................. 36 Table 11: Comparative Analysis .............................................................................................. 37 Table 12: Inference .................................................................................................................. 38 Table 13:Inference ................................................................................................................... 39 Table 14: Inference .................................................................................................................. 40 Table 15: Area Statement......................................................................................................... 41 Table 16: Area Statement......................................................................................................... 41 Table 17: Area Statement per person ....................................................................................... 42 Table 18: Area statement per person ....................................................................................... 42 Table 19: Area statement per person ....................................................................................... 43
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Designing of a Sustainable Shopping Mall in the Indian Context
CHAPTER – 1 INTRODUCTION
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Designing of a Sustainable Shopping Mall in the Indian Context 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1. Project Description The project selected is a sustainable shopping mall in the Indian city of Coimbatore from the state of Tamilnadu. The shopping mall contributes to the cultural, shopping, entertainment, and commerce aspect. They all combine together to provide a better experience for the visitors as well as the people who works there. This projects also acts as a landmark design in the city context. It also acts as a place of tourism to not only the people of the city but also for the whole country.
1.2
Thesis Statement
1.2.1 Why Coimbatore? It has a population of 34 Lakhs people living in the district. Most of the people in the city are from urban backgrounds who likes to spend time in malls. And the rest of the rural background people engages themselves for weekend shopping in Shopping malls in the city. It is known as the Manchester of South India due to the numerous amounts of Industries present in the city. Due to the large number of Industries present lots of people migrate to the city from different metropolitan cities thus increasing the number of people who are involved with the perspective of malls. It is the bordering city to Kerala from Tamilnadu. The City borders the district of Nilgiris, Tirupur, Erode and Palakkad (Kerala). Most of the people from these cities opt to reach Coimbatore for their shopping purposes as the cities itself doesn’t have any major Malls present in its vicinity.
1.3
AIM
To create a “sustainable shopping mall with lead and griha certifications, which also becomes a landmark in the city”.
1.4 • • •
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OBJECTIVES To create a shopping mall that acts as a landmark in the city context. To create a future proof design of the shopping mall that caters to the needs of now as well as the future. To design a structure which gets sustainable certification from the respective organisations.
Designing of a Sustainable Shopping Mall in the Indian Context 1.5 • • • •
1.6 • • • •
1.7
LIMITATION To integrate sustainability element and to get certification in a commercial building like a mall is very difficult. To create a structure which also enhances the user quality in the space. Achieving the maximum built up area with keeping the building green rated is difficult. Very few projects have gotten green rating so no proper references available.
SCOPE OF THE PROJECT Provide job opportunities to the local people of the city. To get a green certification for the shopping mall. To generate tourism income. To act as a landmark in the city.
METHODOLOGY • • • • • • • • • •
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Selection of the thesis topic and the site in which the project can be constructed. Primary research and laying the groundwork for the need of the project. Literature review on the topics and criteria for green rating. Conducting case studies from which some inspirations and also to form the requirements. Analysing the different case studies to formulate a table. Site location study and site analysis with the regard for surroundings and site conditions. Zoning of the site and derivation of an area program for the design. Concept definition and implementing it with the help of zoning Detailing the design and preparing the detailed drawings including floor plans, sections, elevations and structural drawing. 3D visualisation to show a clear idea of the appearance of the building.
Designing of a Sustainable Shopping Mall in the Indian Context 1. LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1
Building byelaws
Table 1: Basic building byelaws of the city (Department, 2010)
Table 2: Building Byelaws (Department, 2010)
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Designing of a Sustainable Shopping Mall in the Indian Context
Table 3: Building byelaws
Basement Floor. (a) The height of basement floor shall not exceed 1.2 meters above ground level and the headroom shall be minimum 2.4 meters. (b) No part of the basement shall be constructed in the minimum required set back spaces required for the movement of snorkel. (c) In cases where second basement is proposed for parking and incidental uses, sufficient provision for lighting and ventilation and also for protection from fire to the satisfaction of Directorate of Fire and Rescue Services shall be made. •
Every multistoried development erected shall be provided with 1. a stand-by electric generator of adequate capacity for running lift and water pump, and a room to accommodate the generator. 2. lifts as prescribed in National Building Code 3. an electrical room of not less than 6 meters by 4.0 meters in area with a minimum head room of 2.75 meters to accommodate electric transformer in the ground floor. 4. at least one meter room of size 2.4 meters by 2.4 meters for every 10 consumers or 3 floors whichever is less. The meter room shall be provided in the ground floor
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Designing of a Sustainable Shopping Mall in the Indian Context
Table 4:Building Byelaws (Department, 2010)
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Designing of a Sustainable Shopping Mall in the Indian Context
Table 5: Building Byelaws (Department, 2010)
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Designing of a Sustainable Shopping Mall in the Indian Context
Table 6: Building Byelaws (Department, 2010)
Table 7: Building Byelaws (Department, 2010)
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Designing of a Sustainable Shopping Mall in the Indian Context 2.2
Griha rating
Figure 1:Griha Rating
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Designing of a Sustainable Shopping Mall in the Indian Context
3. CASE STUDIES 3.1. Forum Mall- Hyderabad
3.1.1.Site The mall is strategically placed at the heart of the It and residential hub of Hyderabad.
Figure 2: Site Location
3.1.2.Connectivity
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Designing of a Sustainable Shopping Mall in the Indian Context Figure 3:Connectivity to site
3.1.3.Project Details Site Area
: 6.5 Acres
Ground Coverage
: 3.5 Acres
Build-up Area
: 22.5 Acres
Building Height
:27-30m
Floor Height
:4-6m
Height of Parking Floor
:2.8-3 m
Gross Leasable Area
: 10.5 Acres
No. of Anchor Stores
:7 (including theater and hypermarket)
No. of Parking
: 1350 (stilt & basement)
Approach Road Width
: 20 Meters
Site Setback
: Front-18 Meters
Sides
:10 m,18 m
Rear
:10 m
No. of Entrance
:3
Atrium Size
:24m X 18m
3.1.4.Area Comparison The zones in the mall are tactically placed to drive maximum public in and around the mall with Public spaces at higher floors.
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Designing of a Sustainable Shopping Mall in the Indian Context
Figure 4:Area Comparison
3.1.5.Typology of Stores
Figure 5: Store Typology
3.1.6.Horizontal Distribution
Figure 6: Horizonal Distribution
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Designing of a Sustainable Shopping Mall in the Indian Context 3.1.7.Vertical Distribution
Figure 7: Vertical Distribution
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Designing of a Sustainable Shopping Mall in the Indian Context 3.1.8.Floor Plans
Figure 8: Lower and Upper Ground Floor Plan
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Designing of a Sustainable Shopping Mall in the Indian Context
Figure 9: First and Second Floor Plans
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Designing of a Sustainable Shopping Mall in the Indian Context
Figure 10: Third and Fourth Floor Plan
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Designing of a Sustainable Shopping Mall in the Indian Context 3.2. Dlf Mall – Noida 3.2.1.Location
Figure 11: Location
3.2.2.Project Details Location - Noida , U.P Area – 2 million sqft Architect – Benoy Architects Construction – Turner International
3.2.3.Concept •
DLF Mall of India introduces the international concepts of retail in a form suitable for the Indian customer
•
The concept to categorized the mall into ‘zones’ which focuses on making a mall experience more convenient and enjoyable than before
•
There are five zones and are categorized as • Market place • International Boulevard • Family World
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Designing of a Sustainable Shopping Mall in the Indian Context • The High Street • The Leisure Land
Figure 12: Categorization of zones
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Designing of a Sustainable Shopping Mall in the Indian Context 3.2.4.Floor plans
Figure 13: Lower Ground Floor
Figure 14: Ground Floor plan
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Designing of a Sustainable Shopping Mall in the Indian Context
Figure 15:First Floor Plan
Figure 16:Second Floor Plan
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Designing of a Sustainable Shopping Mall in the Indian Context
Figure 17: Third Floor Plan
Figure 18: Fourth Floor Plan
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Designing of a Sustainable Shopping Mall in the Indian Context
Figure 19: Fifth Floor Plan
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Designing of a Sustainable Shopping Mall in the Indian Context 3.3. Indira Prayavaran Bhawan 3.3.1.Introduction •
This is a project of ministry of environment and forests for construction of new office building at new delhi. • The basic design concept of the project is to make the net zero energy green building. • Plot area :9565 sqm • Maximum ground coverage :30% F.A.R :200 • Height :35m • Built-up-area :31400m2 :18726m2 -superstructure :12675m2 -basement • Year of Completion :2013
3.3.2.Location and Accessibility
Figure 20:Location
•
• •
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The site is surrounded on east by NDMC housing and 15m ROW, on west by 12m ROW and on north lodhi colony and 12m ROW, on south GPRA colony of aliganj The plot is easily approachable from Aurobindo marg and lodhi road A metro station “jorbagh” is at walkable distance of about 300m from the site.
Designing of a Sustainable Shopping Mall in the Indian Context 3.3.3.Achievements • • • • • •
40% savings in energy Zero electricity billing 55% savings in water Zero net discharge Largest roof top solar power system in any multi-storeyed building(930KWP) First in government sector targeted for both ratings of green buildings.
3.3.4.Measures for site • • • • • •
Wider front setback (22m) to protect front tree line. Preserve the integrity of the green street. Preservation of the local ecology, tree cutting approvals for 46, but only 19 were cut. 11 trees transplanted. Excavated soil reutilised at other construction sites and the zoo. The ipb office building for the ministry of environment and forests has been planned in 2 parallel blocks facing the north south direction, with a large linear open court in the centre.
Figure 21: Building Placement
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Designing of a Sustainable Shopping Mall in the Indian Context
•
Effective ventilation by orienting the building E-W and by optimum integration with nature by separating out different blocks with connecting corridors and a huge central courtyard.
Figure 22: Site Plan
Figure 23: Wind direction and flow
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Designing of a Sustainable Shopping Mall in the Indian Context • •
More than 50% area outside the building is soft with plantation and grassing Circulation roads and pathways soft with grass paver blocks to enable ground water recharge.
3.3.5.Criteria for GRIHA
Table 8: Griha Criteria
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Designing of a Sustainable Shopping Mall in the Indian Context
Table 9: Griha Criteria
3.3.6.Planning Measures Reduce landscape water requirement • Drip irrigation • Use of native species of shrubs and trees having low water demand in landscaping. • Low lawn area so as to reduce water usage • Reuse of treated water for irrigation. Reduce water use in the buildings • • • • • • •
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Low discharge fixtures Dual flushing cistern Waste water treatment Reuse of treated water for irrigation and cooling towers for hvac Rain water harvesting Efficient water use during construction Use of curing compound
Designing of a Sustainable Shopping Mall in the Indian Context
Figure 24: Annotation of all services used
Optimize building design to reduce conventional energy demand • • • • • • • • •
Energy efficient light fittings to reduce energy demand Part condenser water heat rejection by geothermal mechanism. This will also help in water conservation in cooling towers for hvac system. Variable chilled water pumping system through VFD, VFD on cooling towers fans and AHU. Pre cooling of fresh air from toilet exhaust air through sensible and latent heat energy recovery wheel. Entire hot water generation through solar panels. Maximum daylighting Regenerative lifts Use of lux level sensor to optimise operations of artificial lighting Solar powered external lighting
Optimize energy performance of building within specified comfort limits Reducing energy consumption while maintaining occupant comfort. For achieving visual comfort •
•
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Direct line of sight to the outdoor environment to vision glazing for building occupants for more than 90% of the occupied spaces. Avoiding deep floor plates to create maximum daylighted spaces
Designing of a Sustainable Shopping Mall in the Indian Context •
Landscaping planned with native species and water body features in central court and all around the building.
For achieving thermal comfort • •
• •
•
All circulation spaces or passages were naturally ventilated/ shaded/ not air conditioned. Energy efficient chilled beam based cooling system proposed together with condenser water cooling through ground pipes. Openable windows were proposed in conditioned areas to be able to utilize favourable outdoor conditions. Insulated walls through using an integrated AAC+Rockwool combination together with high efficiency DGU’s and UPVC. Frames for the windows.
Figure 25: Sustainable techniques
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Designing of a Sustainable Shopping Mall in the Indian Context
Figure 26: Chilled beams induction
Figure 27: Chilled beams induction
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Designing of a Sustainable Shopping Mall in the Indian Context 3.4. Comparative Analysis Name
Year of Completion
Forum Sujana MallHyderabad
City Center Kolkata
Phoenix MallChennai
Select City Walk Delhi
Trendset MallVijayawada
Inferences
2014
2004
2013
2007
2015
Site should be well connected with different part of the city. Should be concentrating on various user group
Site Area
6.5 Acres
4.9 Acres
10.17 Acres
5.86 Acres
2.18 Acres
No restriction on the site area, can vary as per the context
Ground Coverage
3.5 Acres
2.78 Acres
2.48 Acres
3.15 Acres
1.16 Acres
Building byelaws shall be followed
Table 10: Comparative Analysis
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Designing of a Sustainable Shopping Mall in the Indian Context
No. of . entries
3
7
3
4
2
No. of Anchor stores
7
2
8
3
3
Location of food court
3rd floor
3rd floor
4th floor
2nd floor
2nd floor
Number of stories
5 floors
4 floors
4 floors
3 floors
4 floors
No of Anchor stores depends on the developers intent and context Food courts are placed at higher floors to induce more circulation inside the mall. Theatres are placed at higher floors so as to provide large span auditorium
Facility
Hypermarket, Theatre, Gaming Zone, Health Care zone
Theatre, Gaming zone, Mall within mall, Banquet Ball
Theatre, Hypermarket, Entertainment Zone, Children Gaming Zone
Theatre, Health club, Entertainment Zone, Children Gaming Zone
Table 11: Comparative Analysis
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Theatre, White goods outlets, Entertainment zone, Children Gaming Zone
Type of facilities can vary
Designing of a Sustainable Shopping Mall in the Indian Context 3.5. Dlf Mall – Noida Inferences DESCRIPTION
DLF MALL - NOIDA
LOCATION
Noida, U.P
Built up Area
2 Million sqft
Architect
Benoy Architects
Concept
Zones – The whole project is divided into zones which occupies particular type of shops or amenities provided in them
Area Statement
Lower ground
Market Place
2.80 L sqft
Ground
International Boulevard
2.80 L sqft
First
International Boulevard
2.80 L sqft
Second
The High Street
2.80 L sqft
Third
Family World
2.80 L sqft
Fourth
Leisure Land
------------
Fifth
Leisure Land
4+5= 4L sqft
Table 12: Inference
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Designing of a Sustainable Shopping Mall in the Indian Context •
1700 Cars
•
600 Two Wheelers
•
330+ shops
•
82+ Kiosks
Theatre
•
2000 people
Entry
•
2
Gates
•
9 Access Gates
Facade
•
Steel Framework with Steel jalis
•
ACP sheets cladding and glass
•
Roof top insulation
•
Exterior wall insulation
•
Rain water harvesting
•
Skylight
•
Energy Efiicient glass
•
Efficient water fixtures
•
Water treatment plant
•
Reduced WWR
•
Native Vegetation in Landscape
Parking
Shops
Green Building
Table 13:Inference
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Designing of a Sustainable Shopping Mall in the Indian Context
Fire Safety
Sustainability
•
Sprinklers, Smoke detectors, fire hose
•
Fire hose at every 30m
•
Automation of fire alarm system with other utilities like doors and curtains etc
•
Energy efficient air conditioning with 20% less energy consumption
•
Solar power plant of 40Kw
•
Solar water heater of 4000 litre
•
Ventilation fans coupled with CO sensor in parking
•
Overdeck insulation with solar reflective index finish
•
Pumps and fans coupled with speed drives
•
Sequencing batch reactor for wastewater treatment
•
It has 100% treatment and reuse of waste water generated on site
Table 14: Inference
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Designing of a Sustainable Shopping Mall in the Indian Context 3.6. Area Statement Name
Area Required
Shops
30 – 60 sqm
Parking
5 cars per 93 sq m
Urinals
1 per 100 persons
Theatres
360 -700 sq m
Plumbing area
160 sqm
Generator room
50 sqm
Table 15: Area Statement Type
Sales Area
Sales: Ancillary area
Small Shops
< 280 m2
45:55
Department stores
10000 – 20000 m2
45:55
Variety stores
500 -15000 m2
50:50
Supermarkets
1000 – 2500 m2
60:40
Superstores
5000 – 10000 m2
Hypermarkets
2500 m2
Retail parks
4500 m2
Table 16: Area Statement
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60:40
Designing of a Sustainable Shopping Mall in the Indian Context
Occupancy
Area per person (m2)
Assembly Halls
.46
Dance Halls
.55 to .90
Restaurants
.90 to 1.1
Retail Shops
4.6 to 7
Department Stores
.9
Bargain sales Area
.46
Offices
9.3
Table 17: Area Statement per person
Occupancy
Area per person ( m2)
Overall allowance for public areas in public handling buildings
2.3 to 2.8
Waiting areas, 100 per cent standing, no cross- flows
.5 to .65
Circulating people in corridors, reduced to halt by obstruction
.2
Table 18: Area statement per person
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Designing of a Sustainable Shopping Mall in the Indian Context
Occupancy
Area per person ( m2)
General design puropses
.8
People moving at good walking space(1.3 m/s)
3.7
People moving at a shuffle ( .4 to .9 m/s)
.27 - .37
People at a standstill due to obstruction
.2
Table 19: Area statement per person
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Designing of a Sustainable Shopping Mall in the Indian Context 4. SITE ANALYSIS 4.1
Introduction
•
The site is located at a distance of 8.2 Km from the city center on the Palakkad Bypass road.
•
The total area of the site is 10.97 Acres.
•
The site is located right on the bypass road.
•
The width of the Access road is 24M.
Figure 28: Site Location
Figure 29: Influencing Factor
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Designing of a Sustainable Shopping Mall in the Indian Context
4.2. Contour Mapping
Figure 30: Contour Mapping
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Designing of a Sustainable Shopping Mall in the Indian Context 4.3. Site Section
Figure 31:Horizontal Section
Figure 32: Vertical Section
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Designing of a Sustainable Shopping Mall in the Indian Context 4.4. Soil Type Silt Soil – Found near the Water body present near the site. Alluvial Soil – Found in all the other portions of the site.
4.5. Accessibility
Figure 33: Access road
Access Road Width
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- 24 M
Designing of a Sustainable Shopping Mall in the Indian Context 4.6. Water Flow Study
Low
Average Figure 34:Water Flow Analysis
4.7. Climate Study
Figure 35: Climate chart
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High
Designing of a Sustainable Shopping Mall in the Indian Context
Figure 36: Temperature chart
4.8. Wind Rose Diagram
Figure 37: Wind Rose Diagram
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Designing of a Sustainable Shopping Mall in the Indian Context 4.9. Site Specifications Location
:
Coimbatore, TamilNadu
Site Area
:
44398 sqm (10.97 Acres)
Maximum Ground Coverage
:
60% = 26638 sqm
Ground coverage achieved
:
16400 sqm
Maximum Permissible F.A.R
:
1.75
Maximum Permissible Built Up
:
44398 x 1.75 =
Built up Area Achieved
:
73800 sqm
Minimum Car Parking Required
:
600
Car Parking Provided
:
756
Max Permissible Height
:
No Limit
Setbacks
:
Front -
10m
Rear
-
10m
Side
-
10m
77696 sqm
4.10. Inferences •
The location is ideal for a mall as the nearest mall is 11kms from the site.
•
The site area is ideal in order to provide other facilities other than the main building of the mall.
•
The site is located amidst the most developing area in the city.
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Designing of a Sustainable Shopping Mall in the Indian Context •
The site is located in a contour of 2 to 3 M in both the vertical and horizontal sections.
•
The highest water flow area is the northern end of the site as it lies in the low-lying area. There is a natural slope which leads the water to the water body present nearby the site.
•
Climate of the city is moderate as the hot months are from march to June.
•
The wind direction is predominately from the south direction.
•
The average rainfall of the city is 550mm to 900mm.\
5. Concept Evolution and Design Statement 5.1. Design Statement Pedestrian Plaza: Landscape The design focuses on integrating the basic concepts while utilising the spaces to provide maximum green spaces and also creating a barrier free movement throughout the design. Retail Block: Retail Outlets | Anchor Store | Multiplex | Hyper-Market. With the rising trend of online shopping and with the emergence of more and more ecommerce websites. People are shifting from general retail methods towards newer and more convenient online m ethod. The people are lacking a user structure. It was crucial to study the past methods as well as the upcoming methods and also finding ways of integrating the traditional shopping methods in order to give the users a reason to visit the shopping centre. It should be a one stop location.
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Designing of a Sustainable Shopping Mall in the Indian Context 5.2. Conceptual Evolution YIN YANG: Yin yang is a concept of dualism, describing how seemingly opposite or contrary forces may actually be complementary, interconnected, and interdependent in the natural world, and how they may give rise to each other as they interrelate to one another.
Figure 38: Yin Yang
The concept gives rise to keep the balance of both the soft scape and the hard scape. The balance in nature is required to make any space functional. FORM DEVELOPMENT:
Figure 39: Form Development
The basic form of an oval is created, from wind analysis to maximize the wind flow a void is being carved out in the centre which lets the wind pass through the space making the area well ventilated. To create air and light ventilation atrium spaces are made inside the building. 52 | P a g e
Designing of a Sustainable Shopping Mall in the Indian Context 5.3. Bubble Diagram
Figure 40:Circulation Bubble Diagram
5.4. Zoning
Figure 41: Site Zoning
The zoning is done in a way that centralises the building with all the other aspects and services around the main structure. The orientation and the placement of the building is given utmost importance as it contributes to the building making it sustainable in nature.
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Designing of a Sustainable Shopping Mall in the Indian Context
5.5. Site Studies
5.5.1. Wind Direction
Figure 42: Wind Direction
Inference •
Wind channel is created in order to let the wind flow all around the building.
•
All the shops have a window present to have sufficient flow of wind.
•
The southern façade has hvac ducts for air inlet.
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Designing of a Sustainable Shopping Mall in the Indian Context 5.5.2.HVAC System
•
The Hvac system is designed in a way to intake maximum air flow inside the building.
•
Louvers are used to direct the air flow to the opening space.
•
Bernoulli's theorem is used to make the air colder. When the air passes from a large duct to smaller duct the air gets compressed and makes it colder
Figure 43:HVAC profile
5.5.3.Kinetic Facades •
Vertical Louvers run along the South Façade from the first to fifth floor to direct the wind flow into the ducts which compresses the air and supplies it to the whole structure
•
The Louvers are made to be kinetic in nature in order to achieve the maximum usage.
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Designing of a Sustainable Shopping Mall in the Indian Context
Figure 44:Louvre Design
5.5.4.Shadow Analysis
Figure 45: Central Courtyard Analysis
•
The natural shading provided by the placement of buildings is utilised in order to avoid any additional elements.
•
The Central connecting place, OAT, Fountain areas, Kiosks are provided in this space so that it has natural shading.
•
The glass curtain wall is provided in the areas where direct sunlight is not present.
•
This reduces the heat island effect in the building.
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Designing of a Sustainable Shopping Mall in the Indian Context
Figure 46: Shadow Analysis of central courtyard
6. Building Planning and Construction Measures 6.1. Reduce Landscape Water Requirement •
Drip Irrigation.
•
Use of native species of shrubs and trees having low water demand in landscaping.
•
Reuse of treated water for irrigation.
6.2. Reduce Water use in the Building •
Low discharge fixtures.
•
Dual Flushing cistern.
•
Waste water treatment.
•
Reuse of treated water for irrigation and cooling towers for HVAC.
•
Rain Water Harvesting
•
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Designing of a Sustainable Shopping Mall in the Indian Context 6.3. Efficient Water Use During Construction
•
Use of curing compound.
6.4. Optimize Building Design to reduce Conventional energy demand
•
Energy efficient light fittings to reduce energy demand.
•
Part condenser water heat rejection by geothermal mechanism. This will also help in water conservation in cooling towers for hvac system.
•
Variable chilled water pumping system through VFD. VFD on cooling towers fans and ahu.
•
Pre cooling of fresh air from toilet exhaust air through sensible and latent heat energy recovery wheel.
•
Entire hot water generation through solar panels.
•
Maximum daylighting.
•
Regenerative lifts.
•
Use of lux level sensor to optimise operation of artificial lighting.
•
Solar powered external lighting
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Designing of a Sustainable Shopping Mall in the Indian Context
Figure 47:Energy Conservation Measures
6.5. Optimize Energy Performance of Building within specified comfort limits •
Reducing energy consumption ( compared to GRIHA benchmarks) while maintaining occupant comfort.
•
Direct line of sight to an landscape element inside of outside the building.
•
Avoiding deep floor plates to create maximum daylighted spaces in the common areas.
•
Landscaping planned with native species and water body features in central court and all around the building.
•
Energy efficient chilled beam-based cooling system proposed together with condenser water cooling through ground pipes.
•
Openable windows were proposed in all the shops in conditioned area to be able to utilise favourable outdoor conditions.
•
Insulated Walls through using an integrated AAC + Rockwool combination together with high efficiency DGU’s and UPVC frames for the windows.
•
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Designing of a Sustainable Shopping Mall in the Indian Context
Figure 48: Chilled Beams Induction Units
Figure 49:Chilled Beams Induction Units
6.6. Water Requirement for the Site Food Court
-
150 persons
Domestic
-
25L/seat
Flushing
-
10L/seat
Required
-
5250 litres
Multiplex
-
420 seats
Domestic
-
5L/seat
Flushing
-
10L/seat
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Designing of a Sustainable Shopping Mall in the Indian Context Required
-
6300 litres
Staff
-
500
Domestic
-
25L/seat
Flushing
-
20L/seat
Visitors
-
600
Domestic
-
5L/seat
Flushing
-
10L/seat
Required
-
31500 litres
Retail shops
Total Water Required per day
=
43050 litres
Water Generated in the Site: Rainfall Calculation Roof Area
-
16800 m2
Runoff coefficient
-
0.8
Annual Rainfall
-
925 mm ( average)
Total Value of rainfall
-
1,24,32,000 litres
-
34060 litres
Harvested Rainfall harvested per Day
6.7. Electricity requirement of the site Wattage per fixture
-
40 W
Total Energy required per year
-
86.4 kWh/hr
Unit Cost
-
Rs. 7
Annual Energy Cost
-
Rs. 605
For a fixture
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Designing of a Sustainable Shopping Mall in the Indian Context Per fixture Light fixture per shop
-
30
No of Lights in the corridor
-
40
Total no of lights in one floor
-
460
Cost of energy per floor
-
2,78,300 Rs
Total Cost for energy
-
24,04,300 Rs/ year
Wattage of HVAC
-
15000 kWh/year
Unit Cost
-
Rs.
Cost of Hvac Unit working
-
1,05,000 Rs
Cost of Hvac run cost
-
9,45,000 Rs/ year
Lift running cost
-
8,06,400 Rs/ year
Total Cost for energy in a year
-
4000000 Rs/ year
Total Energy cost per day
-
11000 Rs/ day
7
Per floor
Total Electricity Produced per day using solar panels Energy produced per solar panel
-
3 kWh/ day
Total Number of Solar panels
-
600 panels
Total electricity produced in
-
1800 kWh/ day
-
12600 Rs/ day
a day Total Cost of energy produced in a day
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Designing of a Sustainable Shopping Mall in the Indian Context 7. Site Plan
Figure 50:Site Plan
7.1. Site Services
Figure 51: Site Services
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Designing of a Sustainable Shopping Mall in the Indian Context 7.2. Site Circulation
Figure 52:Pedestrian Circulation
Figure 53:Vehicular Movement
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Designing of a Sustainable Shopping Mall in the Indian Context 7.3. Site Section
Figure 54:Section 1
Figure 55:Section 2
7.4. Floor Plans
Figure 56:Ground Floor Plan
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Designing of a Sustainable Shopping Mall in the Indian Context
Figure 57:First Floor Plan
Figure 58: Second Floor Plan
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Designing of a Sustainable Shopping Mall in the Indian Context
Figure 59:Third Floor Plan
Figure 60:Fourth Floor Plan
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Designing of a Sustainable Shopping Mall in the Indian Context 7.5. Site Section
Figure 61:Key Plan
Figure 62: Section AA'
Figure 63: Section BB'
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Designing of a Sustainable Shopping Mall in the Indian Context
Figure 64:Section CC'
Figure 65: Section DD'
Figure 66: Section EE'
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Designing of a Sustainable Shopping Mall in the Indian Context
7.6. 3D Renders
Figure 67: A view from the entrance of the mall
Figure 68:A view of the entrance stairway
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Designing of a Sustainable Shopping Mall in the Indian Context
Figure 69: A view of the entrance stairway
Figure 70: A view of the central connecting space
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Designing of a Sustainable Shopping Mall in the Indian Context
Figure 71: A view of the landscape area
Figure 72: A view of the connecting bridge for pedestrian
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Designing of a Sustainable Shopping Mall in the Indian Context
Figure 73: A view of the central atrium
Figure 74: A view
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of the solar panels in the rooftop
Designing of a Sustainable Shopping Mall in the Indian Context
Figure 75: A view
Figure 76: A view
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of the rooftop
of the courtyard from the bridge
Designing of a Sustainable Shopping Mall in the Indian Context
Figure 77: A view of the courtyard
Figure 78: A view of the solar panels in the rooftop
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