Tablas Termodinámicas

APÉNDICE

1

TABLAS DE PROPIEDADES, FIGURAS Y DIAGRAMAS (UNIDADES SI) Tabla A-1

Masa molar, constante de gas y propiedades del punto crítico

Tabla A-21

Propiedades de gas ideal del monóxido de carbono, CO

Tabla A-2

Calores específicos de gas ideal de varios gases comunes

Tabla A-22

Propiedades de gas ideal del hidrógeno, H2

Tabla A-3

Propiedades de líquidos, sólidos y alimentos comunes

Tabla A-23

Propiedades de gas ideal del vapor de agua, H2O

Tabla A-4 Tabla A-5 Tabla A-6 Tabla A-7 Tabla A-8 Figura A-9 Figura A-10 Tabla A-11

Agua saturada. Tabla de temperaturas

Tabla A-24

Propiedades de gas ideal del oxígeno monoatómico, O

Tabla A-25

Propiedades de gas ideal del hidroxilo, OH

Tabla A-26

Entalpía de formación, función de Gibbs de formación y entropía absoluta a 25°C, 1 atm

Diagrama de Mollier para el agua

Tabla A-27

Refrigerante 134a saturado. Tabla de temperatura

Propiedades de algunos combustibles e hidrocarburos comunes

Tabla A-28

Refrigerante 134a saturado. Tabla de presión

Logaritmos naturales de la constante de equilibrio Kp

Figura A-29

Carta generalizada de desviación de entalpía

Diagrama P-h para refrigerante 134a

Figura A-30

Carta generalizada de desviación de entropía

Tabla A-12

Agua saturada. Tabla de presiones Vapor de agua sobrecalentado Agua líquida comprimida Hielo saturado. Vapor de agua Diagrama T-s para el agua

Tabla A-13 Figura A-14 Figura A-15

Refrigerante 134a sobrecalentado Carta generalizada de compresibilidad de Nelson-Obert

Figura A-31

Tabla A-16

Propiedades de la atmósfera a gran altitud

Carta psicrométrica a 1 atm de presión total

Tabla A-32

Tabla A-17 Tabla A-18

Propiedades de gas ideal del aire

Funciones de flujo compresible unidimensional e isentrópico de un gas ideal con k 1.4

Tabla A-33

Funciones de choque normal unidimensional de un gas ideal con k 1.4

Tabla A-34

Funciones del flujo de Rayleigh para un gas ideal con k 1.4

Tabla A-19 Tabla A-20

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Propiedades de gas ideal del nitrógeno, N2 Propiedades de gas del oxígeno, O2 Propiedades de gas ideal del dióxido de carbono, CO2

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TABLAS DE PROPIEDADES, FIGURAS Y DIAGRAMAS (UNIDADES SI)

TABLA A-1 Masa molar, constante de gas y propiedades del punto crítico

Sustancia

Fórmula

Agua Aire Alcohol etílico Alcohol metílico Amoniaco Argón Benceno Bromo n-Butano Cloro Cloroformo Cloruro metílico Criptón Diclorodifluorometano (R-12) Diclorofluorometano (R-21) Dióxido de carbono Dióxido de sulfuro Etano Etileno Helio n-Hexano Hidrógeno (normal) Metano Monóxido de carbono Neón Nitrógeno Óxido nitroso Oxígeno Propano Propileno Tetracloruro de carbono Tetrafluoroetano (R-134a) Triclorofluorometano (R-11) Xenón

H2O — C2H5OH CH3OH NH3 Ar C 6 H6 Br2 C4H10 Cl2 CHCl3 CH3Cl Kr CCl2F2 CHCl2F CO2 SO2 C 2 H6 C2H4 He C6H14 H2 CH4 CO Ne N2 N 2O O2 C 3 H8 C3H6 CCl4 CF3CH2F CCl3F Xe

Propiedades del punto crítico

Masa molar, M kg/kmol

Constante de gas, R kJ/kg · K*

Temperatura, K

18.015 28.97 46.07 32.042 17.03 39.948 78.115 159.808 58.124 70.906 119.38 50.488 83.80 120.91 102.92 44.01 64.063 30.070 28.054 4.003 86.179 2.016 16.043 28.011 20.183 28.013 44.013 31.999 44.097 42.081 153.82 102.03 137.37 131.30

0.4615 0.2870 0.1805 0.2595 0.4882 0.2081 0.1064 0.0520 0.1430 0.1173 0.06964 0.1647 0.09921 0.06876 0.08078 0.1889 0.1298 0.2765 0.2964 2.0769 0.09647 4.1240 0.5182 0.2968 0.4119 0.2968 0.1889 0.2598 0.1885 0.1976 0.05405 0.08149 0.06052 0.06332

647.1 132.5 516 513.2 405.5 151 562 584 425.2 417 536.6 416.3 209.4 384.7 451.7 304.2 430.7 305.5 282.4 5.3 507.9 33.3 191.1 133 44.5 126.2 309.7 154.8 370 365 556.4 374.2 471.2 289.8

Presión, MPa 22.06 3.77 6.38 7.95 11.28 4.86 4.92 10.34 3.80 7.71 5.47 6.68 5.50 4.01 5.17 7.39 7.88 4.48 5.12 0.23 3.03 1.30 4.64 3.50 2.73 3.39 7.27 5.08 4.26 4.62 4.56 4.059 4.38 5.88

Volumen, m3/kmol 0.0560 0.0883 0.1673 0.1180 0.0724 0.0749 0.2603 0.1355 0.2547 0.1242 0.2403 0.1430 0.0924 0.2179 0.1973 0.0943 0.1217 0.1480 0.1242 0.0578 0.3677 0.0649 0.0993 0.0930 0.0417 0.0899 0.0961 0.0780 0.1998 0.1810 0.2759 0.1993 0.2478 0.1186

*La unidad en kJ/kg · K es equivalente a kPa · m3/kg · K. La constante de gas se calcula de R Ru /M, donde Ru 8.31447 kJ/kmol · K y M es la masa molar.

Fuente: K. A. Kobe y R. E. Lynn, Jr., Chemical Review 52 (1953), pp. 117–236; y ASHRAE, Handbook of Fundamentals (Atlanta, GA: Sociedad Americana de Ingenieros de Calefacción, Refrigeración y Acondicionamiento de Aire, Inc., 1993), pp. 16.4 y 36.1.

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APÉNDICE 1

TABLA A-2 Calores específicos de gas ideal de varios gases comunes a) A 300 K Gas

Fórmula

Aire Argón Butano Dióxido de carbono Etano Etileno Helio Hidrógeno Metano Monóxido de carbono Neón Nitrógeno Octano Oxígeno Propano Vapor

— Ar C4H10 CO2 C2H6 C2H4 He H2 CH4 CO Ne N2 C8H18 O2 C3H8 H2O

Constante de gas, R kJ/kg · K 0.2870 0.2081 0.1433 0.1889 0.2765 0.2964 2.0769 4.1240 0.5182 0.2968 0.4119 0.2968 0.0729 0.2598 0.1885 0.4615

cp kJ/kg · K

cv kJ/kg · K

k

1.005 0.5203 1.7164 0.846 1.7662 1.5482 5.1926 14.307 2.2537 1.040 1.0299 1.039 1.7113 0.918 1.6794 1.8723

0.718 0.3122 1.5734 0.657 1.4897 1.2518 3.1156 10.183 1.7354 0.744 0.6179 0.743 1.6385 0.658 1.4909 1.4108

1.400 1.667 1.091 1.289 1.186 1.237 1.667 1.405 1.299 1.400 1.667 1.400 1.044 1.395 1.126 1.327

Nota: La unidad kJ/kg · K es equivalente a kJ/kg · °C. Fuente: Chemical and Process Thermodynamics 3a. ed., por Kyle, B.G., © 2000. Adaptado con permiso de Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, Nueva Jersey.

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TABLAS DE PROPIEDADES, FIGURAS Y DIAGRAMAS (UNIDADES SI)

TABLA A-2 Calores específicos de gas ideal de varios gases comunes (continuación) b) A diversas temperaturas

Temperatura, K

cp kJ/kg · K

cv kJ/kg · K

k

Aire

250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 900 1000

1.003 1.005 1.008 1.013 1.020 1.029 1.040 1.051 1.063 1.075 1.087 1.099 1.121 1.142

0.716 0.718 0.721 0.726 0.733 0.742 0.753 0.764 0.776 0.788 0.800 0.812 0.834 0.855

cp kJ/kg · K

14.051 14.307 14.427 14.476 14.501 14.513 14.530 14.546 14.571 14.604 14.645 14.695 14.822 14.983

9.927 10.183 10.302 10.352 10.377 10.389 10.405 10.422 10.447 10.480 10.521 10.570 10.698 10.859

k

Dióxido de carbono, CO2 1.401 1.400 1.398 1.395 1.391 1.387 1.381 1.376 1.370 1.364 1.359 1.354 1.344 1.336

0.791 0.846 0.895 0.939 0.978 1.014 1.046 1.075 1.102 1.126 1.148 1.169 1.204 1.234

Hidrógeno, H2 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 900 1000

cv kJ/kg · K

1.416 1.405 1.400 1.398 1.398 1.397 1.396 1.396 1.395 1.394 1.392 1.390 1.385 1.380

0.602 0.657 0.706 0.750 0.790 0.825 0.857 0.886 0.913 0.937 0.959 0.980 1.015 1.045

1.314 1.288 1.268 1.252 1.239 1.229 1.220 1.213 1.207 1.202 1.197 1.193 1.186 1.181

cp kJ/kg · K

0.742 0.743 0.744 0.747 0.752 0.759 0.768 0.778 0.789 0.801 0.813 0.825 0.849 0.870

1.400 1.400 1.399 1.397 1.395 1.391 1.387 1.382 1.376 1.371 1.365 1.360 1.349 1.341

k

Monóxido de carbono, CO 1.039 1.040 1.043 1.047 1.054 1.063 1.075 1.087 1.100 1.113 1.126 1.139 1.163 1.185

Nitrógeno, N2 1.039 1.039 1.041 1.044 1.049 1.056 1.065 1.075 1.086 1.098 1.110 1.121 1.145 1.167

cv kJ/kg · K

0.743 0.744 0.746 0.751 0.757 0.767 0.778 0.790 0.803 0.816 0.829 0.842 0.866 0.888

1.400 1.399 1.398 1.395 1.392 1.387 1.382 1.376 1.370 1.364 1.358 1.353 1.343 1.335

Oxígeno, O2 0.913 0.918 0.928 0.941 0.956 0.972 0.988 1.003 1.017 1.031 1.043 1.054 1.074 1.090

0.653 0.658 0.668 0.681 0.696 0.712 0.728 0.743 0.758 0.771 0.783 0.794 0.814 0.830

1.398 1.395 1.389 1.382 1.373 1.365 1.358 1.350 1.343 1.337 1.332 1.327 1.319 1.313

Fuente: Kenneth Wark, Thermodynamics, 4a. ed., Nueva York, McGraw-Hill, 1983, p. 783, Tabla A-4M. Publicada originalmente en Tables of Thermal Properties of Gases, NBS Circular 564, 1955.

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APÉNDICE 1

TABLA A-2 Calores específicos de gas ideal de varios gases comunes (conclusión) c) Como una función de la temperatura _ cp a bT cT 2 dT 3 (T en K, cp en kJ/kmol · K)

Sustancia Acetileno Aire Amoniaco Azufre Benceno i-Butano n-Butano Cloruro de hidrógeno Dióxido de azufre Dióxido de carbono Dióxido de nitrógeno Etano Etanol Etileno n-Hexano Hidrógeno Metano Metanol Monóxido de carbono Nitrógeno Óxido nítrico Óxido nitroso Oxígeno n-Pentano Propano Propileno Trióxido de azufre Agua (vapor)

Fórmula C2H2 — NH3 S2 C6H6 C4H10 C4H10

a 21.8 28.11 27.568 27.21 36.22 7.913 3.96

b 9.2143 0.1967 2.5630 2.218 48.475 41.60 37.15

c

10 2 10 2 10 2 10 2 10 2 10 2 10 2

6.527 0.4802 0.99072 1.628 31.57 23.01 18.34

Rango de temp., K

d

10 5 10 5 10 5 10 5 10 5 10 5 10 5

18.21 1.966 6.6909 3.986 77.62 49.91 35.00

10 9

% de error Máx. Prom.

10 9 10 9 10 9 10 9 10 9 10 9

273–1500 273–1800 273–1500 273–1800 273–1500 273–1500 273–1500

1.46 0.72 0.91 0.99 0.34 0.25 0.54

0.59 0.33 0.36 0.38 0.20 0.13 0.24

HCl

30.33

0.7620 10 2

1.327 10 5

4.338 10 9

273–1500

0.22

0.08

SO2

25.78

5.795 10 2

3.812 10 5

8.612 10 9

273–1800

0.45

0.24

CO2

22.26

5.981 10 2

3.501 10 5

7.469 10 9

273–1800

0.67

0.22

NO2 C2H6 C2H6O C2H4 C6H14 H2 CH4 CH4O

22.9 6.900 19.9 3.95 6.938 29.11 19.89 19.0

5.715 10 2 17.27 10 2 20.96 10 2 15.64 10 2 55.22 10 2 0.1916 10 2 5.024 10 2 9.152 10 2

3.52 6.406 10.38 8.344 28.65 0.4003 1.269 1.22

10 5 10 5 10 5 10 5 10 5 10 5 10 5 10 5

7.87 7.285 20.05 17.67 57.69 0.8704 11.01 8.039

10 9 10 9 10 9 10 9 10 9 10 9 10 9 10 9

273–1500 273–1500 273–1500 273–1500 273–1500 273–1800 273–1500 273–1000

0.46 0.83 0.40 0.54 0.72 1.01 1.33 0.18

0.18 0.28 0.22 0.13 0.20 0.26 0.57 0.08

CO N2 NO N2O O2 C5H12 C3H8 C3H6

28.16 0.1675 10 2 28.90 0.1571 10 2 29.34 0.09395 10 2 24.11 5.8632 10 2 25.48 1.520 10 2 6.774 45.43 10 2 4.04 30.48 10 2 3.15 23.83 10 2

0.5372 0.8081 0.9747 3.562 0.7155 22.46 15.72 12.18

10 5 10 5 10 5 10 5 10 5 10 5 10 5 10 5

2.222 2.873 4.187 10.58 1.312 42.29 31.74 24.62

10 9 10 9 10 9 10 9 10 9 10 9 10 9 10 9

273–1800 273–1800 273–1500 273–1500 273–1800 273–1500 273–1500 273–1500

0.89 0.59 0.97 0.59 1.19 0.56 0.40 0.73

0.37 0.34 0.36 0.26 0.28 0.21 0.12 0.17

SO3 H2O

16.40 32.24

32.42 10 9 3.595 10 9

273–1300 273–1800

0.29 0.53

0.13 0.24

14.58 10 2 0.1923 10 2

11.20 10 5 1.055 10 5

Fuente: B. G. Kyle, Chemical and Process Thermodynamics, Englewood Cliffs, Nueva Jersey, Prentice Hall, 1984. Usada con permiso.

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TABLAS DE PROPIEDADES, FIGURAS Y DIAGRAMAS (UNIDADES SI)

TABLA A-3 Propiedades de líquidos, sólidos y alimentos comunes a) Líquidos Datos de ebullición a 1 atm

Sustancia

Punto Calor latente de de ebullivaporización ción normal, °C hfg , kJ/kg

Datos de congelación Punto de congelación, °C

Calor latente de fusión hif , kJ/kg

Aceite comestible (ligero) Agua

100

2257

0.0

333.7

Alcohol etílico Amoniaco

78.6 33.3

855 1357

156 77.7

108 322.4

28 126 80.3

Argón Benceno n-Butano Dióxido de carbono Etanol Etilén glicol Glicerina Helio Hidrógeno Isobutano Mercurio Metano

185.9 80.2 0.5 78.4* 78.2 198.1 179.9 268.9 252.8 11.7 356.7 161.5

161.6 394 385.2 230.5 (a 0°C) 838.3 800.1 974 22.8 445.7 367.1 294.7 510.4

189.3 5.5 138.5 56.6 114.2 10.8 18.9 — 259.2 160 38.9 182.2

109 181.1 200.6 — 59.5 105.7 11.4 58.4

Metanol Nitrógeno

64.5 195.8

1100 198.6

97.7 210

99.2 25.3

Octano Oxígeno Petróleo Propano

124.8 183 — 42.1

306.3 212.7 230–384 427.8

57.5 218.8

180.7 13.7

187.7

80.0

Queroseno Refrigerante 134a Salmuera (20% de cloruro de sodio a base másica)

204–293 26.1

251 217.0

24.9 96.6

— —

103.9

—

17.4

—

Propiedades de líquidos Temperatura, °C 25 0 25 50 75 100 20 33.3 20 0 25 185.6 20 0.5 0 25 20 20 268.9 252.8 11.7 25 161.5 100 25 195.8 160 20 183 20 42.1 0 50 20 50

20 26.1 0 25

Densidad r, kg/m3

Calor específico cp, kJ/kg · K

910 1000 997 988 975 958 789 682 665 639 602 1394 879 601 298 783 1109 1261 146.2 70.7 593.8 13,560 423 301 787 809 596 703 1141 640 581 529 449 820 1443

1.80 4.22 4.18 4.18 4.19 4.22 2.84 4.43 4.52 4.60 4.80 1.14 1.72 2.31 0.59 2.46 2.84 2.32 22.8 10.0 2.28 0.139 3.49 5.79 2.55 2.06 2.97 2.10 1.71 2.0 2.25 2.53 3.13 2.00 1.23

1150 1374 1295 1207

3.11 1.27 1.34 1.43

* Temperatura de sublimación. (A presiones por debajo de la presión de punto triple de 518 kPa, el dióxido de carbono existe como un sólido o un gas. También, la temperatura de punto de congelamiento del dióxido de carbono es la temperatura de punto triple de –56.5°C.)

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APÉNDICE 1

TABLA A-3 Propiedades de líquidos, sólidos y alimentos comunes (conclusión) b) Sólidos (los valores son para temperatura ambiente, excepto que se indique otra cosa) Densidad, r kg/m3

Sustancia

Calor específico, cp kJ/kg · K

Metales

Densidad, Calor específico, r kg/m3 cp kJ/kg · K

Sustancia No metales

Acero dulce Aluminio 200 K 250 K 300 K 350 K 400 K 450 K 500 K Bronce (76% Cu, 2% Zn, 2% Al) Cobre 173°C 100°C 50°C 0°C 27°C 100°C 200°C Hierro Latón amarillo (65% Cu, 35% Zn) Magnesio Níquel Plata Plomo Tungsteno

7,830

0.500

Arena Arcilla Asfalto Caucho (blando) Caucho (duro) Concreto Diamante Grafito Granito Hielo 200 K 220 K 240 K 260 K 273 K Ladrillo común Ladrillo refractario (500°C) Madera contrachapada (abeto Douglas) Maderas duras (maple, encino, etc.)

Maderas suaves (abeto, pino, etc.)

Mármol Piedra Piedra caliza Vidrio para ventanas Vidrio pirex Yeso o tabla de yeso

0.797 0.859 0.902 0.929 0.949 0.973 0.997 0.400

2,700

8,280

7,840 8,310

0.254 0.342 0.367 0.381 0.386 0.393 0.403 0.45 0.400

1,730 8,890 10,470 11,310 19,400

1.000 0.440 0.235 0.128 0.130

8,900

1520 1000 2110 1100 1150 2300 2420 2500 2700

0.800 0.920 0.920 1.840 2.009 0.653 0.616 0.711 1.017

921 1922 2300

1.56 1.71 1.86 2.01 2.11 0.79 0.960

545 721 513 2600 1500 1650 2700 2230 800

1.21 1.26 1.38 0.880 0.800 0.909 0.800 0.840 1.0

c) Alimentos

Alimentos

Brócoli Camarón Carne de pollo Carne de res Cerezas Espinaca Fresas Huevo entero Leche entera Lechuga Maíz dulce

Contenido de agua, % (masa)

90 83 74 67 80 93 90 74 88 95 74

Punto de congelación, °C

0.6 2.2 2.8 — 1.8 0.3 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.2 0.6

Calor específico, kJ/kg · K Por encima Por debajo del punto del punto de congede congelación lación

3.86 3.62 3.32 3.08 3.52 3.96 3.86 3.32 3.79 4.02 3.32

1.97 1.89 1.77 1.68 1.85 2.01 1.97 1.77 1.95 2.04 1.77

Calor latente de fusión, kJ/kg

301 277 247 224 267 311 301 247 294 317 247

Alimentos

Contenido de agua, % (masa)

Helado Mantequilla Manzanas Naranjas Papas Pavo Plátanos Queso suizo Salmón Sandía Tomates (maduros)

63 16 84 87 78 64 75 39 64 93 94

Punto de congelación, °C

5.6 — 1.1 0.8 0.6 — 0.8 10.0 2.2 0.4 0.5

Calor específico, kJ/kg · K Por encima Por debajo del punto del punto de congede congelación lación

2.95 — 3.65 3.75 3.45 2.98 3.35 2.15 2.98 3.96 3.99

1.63 1.04 1.90 1.94 1.82 1.65 1.78 1.33 1.65 2.01 2.02

Calor latente de fusión, kJ/kg

210 53 281 291 261 214 251 130 214 311 314

Fuente: Los valores han sido obtenidos de varios manuales y otras fuentes, o se han calculado. El contenido de agua y los datos de punto de congelación para alimentos provienen del ASHRAE, Handbook of Fundamentals, versión SI, Atlanta, Georgia, American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc., 1993, Capítulo 30, Tabla 1. El punto de congelación es la temperatura a la que comienza la congelación para frutas y verduras, así como la temperatura promedio de congelación para otros alimentos.

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TABLAS DE PROPIEDADES, FIGURAS Y DIAGRAMAS (UNIDADES SI)

TABLA A-4 Agua saturada. Tabla de temperaturas Volumen específico, m3/kg Temp., T °C

Pres. sat., Psat kPa

0.01 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45

Energía interna, kJ/kg

Líq. sat., vf

Vapor sat., vg

Líq. sat., uf

Evap., ufg

Vapor sat., ug

0.6117 0.8725 1.2281 1.7057 2.3392

0.001000 0.001000 0.001000 0.001001 0.001002

206.00 147.03 106.32 77.885 57.762

0.000 21.019 42.020 62.980 83.913

2374.9 2360.8 2346.6 2332.5 2318.4

2374.9 2381.8 2388.7 2395.5 2402.3

3.1698 4.2469 5.6291 7.3851 9.5953

0.001003 0.001004 0.001006 0.001008 0.001010

43.340 32.879 25.205 19.515 15.251

104.83 125.73 146.63 167.53 188.43

2304.3 2290.2 2276.0 2261.9 2247.7

2409.1 2415.9 2422.7 2429.4 2436.1

Entalpía, kJ/kg Líq. sat., hf

Entropía, kJ/kg · K

Evap., hfg

Vapor sat., hg

Líq. sat., sf

Vapor Evap., sat., sfg sg

2500.9 2489.1 2477.2 2465.4 2453.5

2500.9 2510.1 2519.2 2528.3 2537.4

0.0000 0.0763 0.1511 0.2245 0.2965

9.1556 8.9487 8.7488 8.5559 8.3696

9.1556 9.0249 8.8999 8.7803 8.6661

104.83 125.74 146.64 167.53 188.44

2441.7 2429.8 2417.9 2406.0 2394.0

2546.5 2555.6 2564.6 2573.5 2582.4

0.3672 0.4368 0.5051 0.5724 0.6386

8.1895 8.0152 7.8466 7.6832 7.5247

8.5567 8.4520 8.3517 8.2556 8.1633

0.001 21.020 42.022 62.982 83.915

50 55 60 65 70

12.352 15.763 19.947 25.043 31.202

0.001012 0.001015 0.001017 0.001020 0.001023

12.026 9.5639 7.6670 6.1935 5.0396

209.33 230.24 251.16 272.09 293.04

2233.4 2219.1 2204.7 2190.3 2175.8

2442.7 2449.3 2455.9 2462.4 2468.9

209.34 230.26 251.18 272.12 293.07

2382.0 2369.8 2357.7 2345.4 2333.0

2591.3 2600.1 2608.8 2617.5 2626.1

0.7038 0.7680 0.8313 0.8937 0.9551

7.3710 7.2218 7.0769 6.9360 6.7989

8.0748 7.9898 7.9082 7.8296 7.7540

75 80 85 90 95

38.597 47.416 57.868 70.183 84.609

0.001026 0.001029 0.001032 0.001036 0.001040

4.1291 3.4053 2.8261 2.3593 1.9808

313.99 334.97 355.96 376.97 398.00

2161.3 2146.6 2131.9 2117.0 2102.0

2475.3 2481.6 2487.8 2494.0 2500.1

314.03 335.02 356.02 377.04 398.09

2320.6 2308.0 2295.3 2282.5 2269.6

2634.6 2643.0 2651.4 2659.6 2667.6

1.0158 1.0756 1.1346 1.1929 1.2504

6.6655 6.5355 6.4089 6.2853 6.1647

7.6812 7.6111 7.5435 7.4782 7.4151

100 105 110 115 120

101.42 120.90 143.38 169.18 198.67

0.001043 0.001047 0.001052 0.001056 0.001060

1.6720 1.4186 1.2094 1.0360 0.89133

419.06 440.15 461.27 482.42 503.60

2087.0 2071.8 2056.4 2040.9 2025.3

2506.0 2511.9 2517.7 2523.3 2528.9

419.17 440.28 461.42 482.59 503.81

2256.4 2243.1 2229.7 2216.0 2202.1

2675.6 2683.4 2691.1 2698.6 2706.0

1.3072 1.3634 1.4188 1.4737 1.5279

6.0470 5.9319 5.8193 5.7092 5.6013

7.3542 7.2952 7.2382 7.1829 7.1292

125 130 135 140 145

232.23 270.28 313.22 361.53 415.68

0.001065 0.001070 0.001075 0.001080 0.001085

0.77012 0.66808 0.58179 0.50850 0.44600

524.83 546.10 567.41 588.77 610.19

2009.5 1993.4 1977.3 1960.9 1944.2

2534.3 2539.5 2544.7 2549.6 2554.4

525.07 546.38 567.75 589.16 610.64

2188.1 2173.7 2159.1 2144.3 2129.2

2713.1 2720.1 2726.9 2733.5 2739.8

1.5816 1.6346 1.6872 1.7392 1.7908

5.4956 5.3919 5.2901 5.1901 5.0919

7.0771 7.0265 6.9773 6.9294 6.8827

150 155 160 165 170

476.16 543.49 618.23 700.93 792.18

0.001091 0.001096 0.001102 0.001108 0.001114

0.39248 0.34648 0.30680 0.27244 0.24260

631.66 653.19 674.79 696.46 718.20

1927.4 1910.3 1893.0 1875.4 1857.5

2559.1 2563.5 2567.8 2571.9 2575.7

632.18 653.79 675.47 697.24 719.08

2113.8 2098.0 2082.0 2065.6 2048.8

2745.9 2751.8 2757.5 2762.8 2767.9

1.8418 1.8924 1.9426 1.9923 2.0417

4.9953 4.9002 4.8066 4.7143 4.6233

6.8371 6.7927 6.7492 6.7067 6.6650

175 180 185 190 195 200

892.60 1002.8 1123.5 1255.2 1398.8 1554.9

0.001121 0.001127 0.001134 0.001141 0.001149 0.001157

0.21659 0.19384 0.17390 0.15636 0.14089 0.12721

740.02 761.92 783.91 806.00 828.18 850.46

1839.4 1820.9 1802.1 1783.0 1763.6 1743.7

2579.4 2582.8 2586.0 2589.0 2591.7 2594.2

741.02 763.05 785.19 807.43 829.78 852.26

2031.7 2014.2 1996.2 1977.9 1959.0 1939.8

2772.7 2777.2 2781.4 2785.3 2788.8 2792.0

2.0906 2.1392 2.1875 2.2355 2.2831 2.3305

4.5335 4.4448 4.3572 4.2705 4.1847 4.0997

6.6242 6.5841 6.5447 6.5059 6.4678 6.4302

18Appendix_01 ITALICAS.qxd 914

7/12/11 14:25:59

915

APÉNDICE 1

TABLA A-4 Agua saturada. Tabla de temperaturas (conclusión) Volumen específico, m3/kg Temp., T °C

Pres. sat., Psat kPa

205 210 215 220 225

Energía interna, kJ/kg

Entalpía, kJ/kg

Líq. sat, vf

Vapor sat., vg

Líq. sat., uf

Evap., ufg

Vapor sat., ug

Líq. sat., hf

1724.3 1907.7 2105.9 2319.6 2549.7

0.001164 0.001173 0.001181 0.001190 0.001199

0.11508 0.10429 0.094680 0.086094 0.078405

872.86 895.38 918.02 940.79 963.70

1723.5 1702.9 1681.9 1660.5 1638.6

2596.4 2598.3 2599.9 2601.3 2602.3

874.87 897.61 920.50 943.55 966.76

230 235 240 245 250

2797.1 3062.6 3347.0 3651.2 3976.2

0.001209 0.001219 0.001229 0.001240 0.001252

0.071505 0.065300 0.059707 0.054656 0.050085

986.76 1010.0 1033.4 1056.9 1080.7

1616.1 1593.2 1569.8 1545.7 1521.1

2602.9 2603.2 2603.1 2602.7 2601.8

255 260 265 270 275

4322.9 4692.3 5085.3 5503.0 5946.4

0.001263 0.001276 0.001289 0.001303 0.001317

0.045941 0.042175 0.038748 0.035622 0.032767

1104.7 1128.8 1153.3 1177.9 1202.9

1495.8 1469.9 1443.2 1415.7 1387.4

280 285 290 295 300

6416.6 6914.6 7441.8 7999.0 8587.9

0.001333 0.001349 0.001366 0.001384 0.001404

0.030153 0.027756 0.025554 0.023528 0.021659

1228.2 1253.7 1279.7 1306.0 1332.7

305 310 315 320 325

9209.4 9865.0 10,556 11,284 12,051

0.001425 0.001447 0.001472 0.001499 0.001528

0.019932 0.018333 0.016849 0.015470 0.014183

330 335 340 345 350

12,858 13,707 14,601 15,541 16,529

0.001560 0.001597 0.001638 0.001685 0.001741

355 360 365 370 373.95

17,570 18,666 19,822 21,044 22,064

0.001808 0.001895 0.002015 0.002217 0.003106

Entropía, kJ/kg · K Vapor sat., hg

Líq. sat., sf

Vapor Evap., sat., sfg sg

1920.0 1899.7 1878.8 1857.4 1835.4

2794.8 2797.3 2799.3 2801.0 2802.2

2.3776 2.4245 2.4712 2.5176 2.5639

4.0154 3.9318 3.8489 3.7664 3.6844

6.3930 6.3563 6.3200 6.2840 6.2483

990.14 1013.7 1037.5 1061.5 1085.7

1812.8 1789.5 1765.5 1740.8 1715.3

2802.9 2803.2 2803.0 2802.2 2801.0

2.6100 2.6560 2.7018 2.7476 2.7933

3.6028 3.5216 3.4405 3.3596 3.2788

6.2128 6.1775 6.1424 6.1072 6.0721

2600.5 2598.7 2596.5 2593.7 2590.3

1110.1 1134.8 1159.8 1185.1 1210.7

1689.0 1661.8 1633.7 1604.6 1574.5

2799.1 2796.6 2793.5 2789.7 2785.2

2.8390 2.8847 2.9304 2.9762 3.0221

3.1979 3.1169 3.0358 2.9542 2.8723

6.0369 6.0017 5.9662 5.9305 5.8944

1358.2 1328.1 1296.9 1264.5 1230.9

2586.4 2581.8 2576.5 2570.5 2563.6

1236.7 1263.1 1289.8 1317.1 1344.8

1543.2 1510.7 1476.9 1441.6 1404.8

2779.9 2773.7 2766.7 2758.7 2749.6

3.0681 3.1144 3.1608 3.2076 3.2548

2.7898 2.7066 2.6225 2.5374 2.4511

5.8579 5.8210 5.7834 5.7450 5.7059

1360.0 1387.7 1416.1 1445.1 1475.0

1195.9 1159.3 1121.1 1080.9 1038.5

2555.8 2547.1 2537.2 2526.0 2513.4

1373.1 1402.0 1431.6 1462.0 1493.4

1366.3 1325.9 1283.4 1238.5 1191.0

2739.4 2727.9 2715.0 2700.6 2684.3

3.3024 3.3506 3.3994 3.4491 3.4998

2.3633 2.2737 2.1821 2.0881 1.9911

5.6657 5.6243 5.5816 5.5372 5.4908

0.012979 0.011848 0.010783 0.009772 0.008806

1505.7 1537.5 1570.7 1605.5 1642.4

993.5 945.5 893.8 837.7 775.9

2499.2 2483.0 2464.5 2443.2 2418.3

1525.8 1559.4 1594.6 1631.7 1671.2

1140.3 1086.0 1027.4 963.4 892.7

2666.0 2645.4 2622.0 2595.1 2563.9

3.5516 3.6050 3.6602 3.7179 3.7788

1.8906 1.7857 1.6756 1.5585 1.4326

5.4422 5.3907 5.3358 5.2765 5.2114

0.007872 0.006950 0.006009 0.004953 0.003106

1682.2 1726.2 1777.2 1844.5 2015.7

706.4 625.7 526.4 385.6 0

2388.6 2351.9 2303.6 2230.1 2015.7

1714.0 1761.5 1817.2 1891.2 2084.3

812.9 720.1 605.5 443.1 0

2526.9 2481.6 2422.7 2334.3 2084.3

3.8442 3.9165 4.0004 4.1119 4.4070

1.2942 1.1373 0.9489 0.6890 0

5.1384 5.0537 4.9493 4.8009 4.4070

Evap., hfg

Fuente: Las tablas A-4 a A-8 fueron generadas utilizando el programa para resolver ecuaciones de ingeniería (EES) desarrollado por S. A. Klein y F. L. Alvarado.

La rutina utilizada en los cálculos es la altamente precisa Steam_IAPWS, que incorpora la Formulación 1995 para las Propiedades Termodinámicas de la Sustancia Agua Ordinaria para Uso Científico y General, editada por The International Association for the Properties of Water and Steam (IAPWS). Esta formulación reemplaza a la formulación de 1984 de Haar, Gallagher y Kell (NBS/NRC Steam Tables, Hemisphere Publishing Co., 1984), la cual está también disponible en EES como la rutina STEAM. La nueva formulación se basa en las correlaciones de Saul y Wagner (J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 16, 893, 1987) con modificaciones para ajustarla a la Escala Internacional de Temperaturas de 1990. Las modificaciones están descritas por Wagner y Pruss (J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 22, 783, 1993). Las propiedades del hielo están basadas en Hyland y Wexler, “Formulations for the Thermodynamic Properties of the Saturated Phases of H2O from 173.15 K a 473.15 K”, ASHRAE Trans., Part 2A, Paper 2793, 1983.

18Appendix_01 ITALICAS.qxd 915

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916

TABLAS DE PROPIEDADES, FIGURAS Y DIAGRAMAS (UNIDADES SI)

TABLA A-5 Agua saturada. Tabla de presiones Volumen específico, m3/kg Pres., P kPa

Temp. sat., Tsat °C

Líq. sat., vf

Vapor sat., vg

Energía interna, kJ/kg

Entalpía, kJ/kg

Entropía, kJ/kg · K

Líq. sat., uf

Evap., ufg

Vapor sat., ug

Líq. sat, hf

Evap., hfg

Vapor sat., hg

Líq. sat., sf

Evap., sfg

Vapor sat., sg

1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0

6.97 13.02 17.50 21.08 24.08

0.001000 129.19 0.001001 87.964 0.001001 66.990 0.001002 54.242 0.001003 45.654

29.302 54.686 73.431 88.422 100.98

2355.2 2338.1 2325.5 2315.4 2306.9

2384.5 2392.8 2398.9 2403.8 2407.9

29.303 54.688 73.433 88.424 100.98

2484.4 2470.1 2459.5 2451.0 2443.9

2513.7 2524.7 2532.9 2539.4 2544.8

0.1059 0.1956 0.2606 0.3118 0.3543

8.8690 8.6314 8.4621 8.3302 8.2222

8.9749 8.8270 8.7227 8.6421 8.5765

4.0 5.0 7.5 10 15

28.96 32.87 40.29 45.81 53.97

0.001004 0.001005 0.001008 0.001010 0.001014

121.39 137.75 168.74 191.79 225.93

2293.1 2282.1 2261.1 2245.4 2222.1

2414.5 2419.8 2429.8 2437.2 2448.0

121.39 137.75 168.75 191.81 225.94

2432.3 2423.0 2405.3 2392.1 2372.3

2553.7 2560.7 2574.0 2583.9 2598.3

0.4224 0.4762 0.5763 0.6492 0.7549

8.0510 7.9176 7.6738 7.4996 7.2522

8.4734 8.3938 8.2501 8.1488 8.0071

20 25 30 40 50

60.06 64.96 69.09 75.86 81.32

0.001017 0.001020 0.001022 0.001026 0.001030

7.6481 6.2034 5.2287 3.9933 3.2403

251.40 271.93 289.24 317.58 340.49

2204.6 2190.4 2178.5 2158.8 2142.7

2456.0 2462.4 2467.7 2476.3 2483.2

251.42 271.96 289.27 317.62 340.54

2357.5 2345.5 2335.3 2318.4 2304.7

2608.9 2617.5 2624.6 2636.1 2645.2

0.8320 0.8932 0.9441 1.0261 1.0912

7.0752 6.9370 6.8234 6.6430 6.5019

7.9073 7.8302 7.7675 7.6691 7.5931

75 100 101.325 125 150

91.76 99.61 99.97 105.97 111.35

0.001037 0.001043 0.001043 0.001048 0.001053

2.2172 1.6941 1.6734 1.3750 1.1594

384.36 417.40 418.95 444.23 466.97

2111.8 2088.2 2087.0 2068.8 2052.3

2496.1 2505.6 2506.0 2513.0 2519.2

384.44 417.51 419.06 444.36 467.13

2278.0 2257.5 2256.5 2240.6 2226.0

2662.4 2675.0 2675.6 2684.9 2693.1

1.2132 1.3028 1.3069 1.3741 1.4337

6.2426 6.0562 6.0476 5.9100 5.7894

7.4558 7.3589 7.3545 7.2841 7.2231

175 200 225 250 275

116.04 120.21 123.97 127.41 130.58

0.001057 0.001061 0.001064 0.001067 0.001070

1.0037 0.88578 0.79329 0.71873 0.65732

486.82 504.50 520.47 535.08 548.57

2037.7 2024.6 2012.7 2001.8 1991.6

2524.5 2529.1 2533.2 2536.8 2540.1

487.01 504.71 520.71 535.35 548.86

2213.1 2201.6 2191.0 2181.2 2172.0

2700.2 2706.3 2711.7 2716.5 2720.9

1.4850 1.5302 1.5706 1.6072 1.6408

5.6865 5.5968 5.5171 5.4453 5.3800

7.1716 7.1270 7.0877 7.0525 7.0207

300 325 350 375 400

133.52 136.27 138.86 141.30 143.61

0.001073 0.001076 0.001079 0.001081 0.001084

0.60582 0.56199 0.52422 0.49133 0.46242

561.11 572.84 583.89 594.32 604.22

1982.1 1973.1 1964.6 1956.6 1948.9

2543.2 2545.9 2548.5 2550.9 2553.1

561.43 573.19 584.26 594.73 604.66

2163.5 2155.4 2147.7 2140.4 2133.4

2724.9 2728.6 2732.0 2735.1 2738.1

1.6717 1.7005 1.7274 1.7526 1.7765

5.3200 5.2645 5.2128 5.1645 5.1191

6.9917 6.9650 6.9402 6.9171 6.8955

450 500 550 600 650

147.90 151.83 155.46 158.83 161.98

0.001088 0.001093 0.001097 0.001101 0.001104

0.41392 0.37483 0.34261 0.31560 0.29260

622.65 639.54 655.16 669.72 683.37

1934.5 1921.2 1908.8 1897.1 1886.1

2557.1 2560.7 2563.9 2566.8 2569.4

623.14 640.09 655.77 670.38 684.08

2120.3 2108.0 2096.6 2085.8 2075.5

2743.4 2748.1 2752.4 2756.2 2759.6

1.8205 1.8604 1.8970 1.9308 1.9623

5.0356 4.9603 4.8916 4.8285 4.7699

6.8561 6.8207 6.7886 6.7593 6.7322

700 750

164.95 167.75

0.001108 0.001111

0.27278 696.23 0.25552 708.40

1875.6 1865.6

2571.8 2574.0

697.00 709.24

2065.8 2762.8 1.9918 4.7153 6.7071 2056.4 2765.7 2.0195 4.6642 6.6837

18Appendix_01 ITALICAS.qxd 916

34.791 28.185 19.233 14.670 10.020

7/12/11 14:26:00

917

APÉNDICE 1

TABLA A-5 Agua saturada. Tabla de presiones (conclusión) Volumen específico, m3/kg Pres., P kPa

Temp. sat., Tsat °C

Líq. sat., vf

Vapor sat., vg

Energía interna, kJ/kg Líq. sat., uf

Evap., ufg

Entalpía, kJ/kg

Entropía, kJ/kg · K

Vapor sat., ug

Líq. sat, hf

Evap., hfg

Vapor sat., hg

Líq. sat., sf

Evap., sfg

Vapor sat., sg

800 850 900 950 1000

170.41 172.94 175.35 177.66 179.88

0.001115 0.001118 0.001121 0.001124 0.001127

0.24035 0.22690 0.21489 0.20411 0.19436

719.97 731.00 741.55 751.67 761.39

1856.1 1846.9 1838.1 1829.6 1821.4

2576.0 2577.9 2579.6 2581.3 2582.8

720.87 731.95 742.56 752.74 762.51

2047.5 2038.8 2030.5 2022.4 2014.6

2768.3 2770.8 2773.0 2775.2 2777.1

2.0457 2.0705 2.0941 2.1166 2.1381

4.6160 4.5705 4.5273 4.4862 4.4470

6.6616 6.6409 6.6213 6.6027 6.5850

1100 1200 1300 1400 1500

184.06 187.96 191.60 195.04 198.29

0.001133 0.001138 0.001144 0.001149 0.001154

0.17745 0.16326 0.15119 0.14078 0.13171

779.78 796.96 813.10 828.35 842.82

1805.7 1790.9 1776.8 1763.4 1750.6

2585.5 2587.8 2589.9 2591.8 2593.4

781.03 798.33 814.59 829.96 844.55

1999.6 1985.4 1971.9 1958.9 1946.4

2780.7 2783.8 2786.5 2788.9 2791.0

2.1785 2.2159 2.2508 2.2835 2.3143

4.3735 4.3058 4.2428 4.1840 4.1287

6.5520 6.5217 6.4936 6.4675 6.4430

1750 2000 2250 2500 3000

205.72 212.38 218.41 223.95 233.85

0.001166 0.001177 0.001187 0.001197 0.001217

0.11344 876.12 0.099587 906.12 0.088717 933.54 0.079952 958.87 0.066667 1004.6

1720.6 1693.0 1667.3 1643.2 1598.5

2596.7 878.16 2599.1 908.47 2600.9 936.21 2602.1 961.87 2603.2 1008.3

1917.1 1889.8 1864.3 1840.1 1794.9

2795.2 2798.3 2800.5 2801.9 2803.2

2.3844 2.4467 2.5029 2.5542 2.6454

4.0033 3.8923 3.7926 3.7016 3.5402

6.3877 6.3390 6.2954 6.2558 6.1856

3500 4000 5000 6000 7000

242.56 250.35 263.94 275.59 285.83

0.001235 0.001252 0.001286 0.001319 0.001352

0.057061 0.049779 0.039448 0.032449 0.027378

1045.4 1082.4 1148.1 1205.8 1258.0

1557.6 1519.3 1448.9 1384.1 1323.0

2603.0 2601.7 2597.0 2589.9 2581.0

1049.7 1087.4 1154.5 1213.8 1267.5

1753.0 1713.5 1639.7 1570.9 1505.2

2802.7 2800.8 2794.2 2784.6 2772.6

2.7253 2.7966 2.9207 3.0275 3.1220

3.3991 3.2731 3.0530 2.8627 2.6927

6.1244 6.0696 5.9737 5.8902 5.8148

8000 9000 10,000 11,000 12,000

295.01 303.35 311.00 318.08 324.68

0.001384 0.001418 0.001452 0.001488 0.001526

0.023525 0.020489 0.018028 0.015988 0.014264

1306.0 1350.9 1393.3 1433.9 1473.0

1264.5 1207.6 1151.8 1096.6 1041.3

2570.5 2558.5 2545.2 2530.4 2514.3

1317.1 1363.7 1407.8 1450.2 1491.3

1441.6 1379.3 1317.6 1256.1 1194.1

2758.7 2742.9 2725.5 2706.3 2685.4

3.2077 3.2866 3.3603 3.4299 3.4964

2.5373 2.3925 2.2556 2.1245 1.9975

5.7450 5.6791 5.6159 5.5544 5.4939

13,000 14,000 15,000 16,000 17,000

330.85 336.67 342.16 347.36 352.29

0.001566 0.001610 0.001657 0.001710 0.001770

0.012781 0.011487 0.010341 0.009312 0.008374

1511.0 1548.4 1585.5 1622.6 1660.2

985.5 928.7 870.3 809.4 745.1

2496.6 2477.1 2455.7 2432.0 2405.4

1531.4 1571.0 1610.3 1649.9 1690.3

1131.3 1067.0 1000.5 931.1 857.4

2662.7 2637.9 2610.8 2581.0 2547.7

3.5606 3.6232 3.6848 3.7461 3.8082

1.8730 1.7497 1.6261 1.5005 1.3709

5.4336 5.3728 5.3108 5.2466 5.1791

18,000 19,000 20,000 21,000 22,000 22,064

356.99 361.47 365.75 369.83 373.71 373.95

0.001840 0.001926 0.002038 0.002207 0.002703 0.003106

0.007504 0.006677 0.005862 0.004994 0.003644 0.003106

1699.1 1740.3 1785.8 1841.6 1951.7 2015.7

675.9 598.9 509.0 391.9 140.8 0

2375.0 2339.2 2294.8 2233.5 2092.4 2015.7

1732.2 1776.8 1826.6 1888.0 2011.1 2084.3

777.8 689.2 585.5 450.4 161.5 0

2510.0 2466.0 2412.1 2338.4 2172.6 2084.3

3.8720 3.9396 4.0146 4.1071 4.2942 4.4070

1.2343 1.0860 0.9164 0.7005 0.2496 0

5.1064 5.0256 4.9310 4.8076 4.5439 4.4070

18Appendix_01 ITALICAS.qxd 917

7/12/11 14:26:00

918

TABLAS DE PROPIEDADES, FIGURAS Y DIAGRAMAS (UNIDADES SI)

TABLA A-6 Vapor de agua sobrecalentado T °C

u kJ/kg

v m3/kg

h kJ/kg

s kJ/kg K

P 0.01 MPa (45.81°C)* Sat.† 50 100 150 200 250 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300

14.670 14.867 17.196 19.513 21.826 24.136 26.446 31.063 35.680 40.296 44.911 49.527 54.143 58.758 63.373 67.989 72.604

2437.2 2443.3 2515.5 2587.9 2661.4 2736.1 2812.3 2969.3 3132.9 3303.3 3480.8 3665.4 3856.9 4055.3 4260.0 4470.9 4687.4

2583.9 2592.0 2687.5 2783.0 2879.6 2977.5 3076.7 3280.0 3489.7 3706.3 3929.9 4160.6 4398.3 4642.8 4893.8 5150.8 5413.4

8.1488 8.1741 8.4489 8.6893 8.9049 9.1015 9.2827 9.6094 9.8998 10.1631 10.4056 10.6312 10.8429 11.0429 11.2326 11.4132 11.5857

P 0.20 MPa (120.21°C) Sat. 150 200 250 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300

0.88578 0.95986 1.08049 1.19890 1.31623 1.54934 1.78142 2.01302 2.24434 2.47550 2.70656 2.93755 3.16848 3.39938 3.63026

Sat. 200 250 300 350 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300

0.37483 0.42503 0.47443 0.52261 0.57015 0.61731 0.71095 0.80409 0.89696 0.98966 1.08227 1.17480 1.26728 1.35972 1.45214

2529.1 2577.1 2654.6 2731.4 2808.8 2967.2 3131.4 3302.2 3479.9 3664.7 3856.3 4054.8 4259.6 4470.5 4687.1

2706.3 7.1270 2769.1 7.2810 2870.7 7.5081 2971.2 7.7100 3072.1 7.8941 3277.0 8.2236 3487.7 8.5153 3704.8 8.7793 3928.8 9.0221 4159.8 9.2479 4397.7 9.4598 4642.3 9.6599 4893.3 9.8497 5150.4 10.0304 5413.1 10.2029

P 0.50 MPa (151.83°C) 2560.7 2643.3 2723.8 2803.3 2883.0 2963.7 3129.0 3300.4 3478.6 3663.6 3855.4 4054.0 4259.0 4470.0 4686.6

2748.1 2855.8 2961.0 3064.6 3168.1 3272.4 3484.5 3702.5 3927.0 4158.4 4396.6 4641.4 4892.6 5149.8 5412.6

6.8207 7.0610 7.2725 7.4614 7.6346 7.7956 8.0893 8.3544 8.5978 8.8240 9.0362 9.2364 9.4263 9.6071 9.7797

u kJ/kg

v m3/kg

h kJ/kg

s kJ/kg K

P 0.05 MPa (81.32°C) 2483.2

2645.2

7.5931

3.4187 3.8897 4.3562 4.8206 5.2841 6.2094 7.1338 8.0577 8.9813 9.9047 10.8280 11.7513 12.6745 13.5977 14.5209

2511.5 2585.7 2660.0 2735.1 2811.6 2968.9 3132.6 3303.1 3480.6 3665.2 3856.8 4055.2 4259.9 4470.8 4687.3

2682.4 2780.2 2877.8 2976.2 3075.8 3279.3 3489.3 3706.0 3929.7 4160.4 4398.2 4642.7 4893.7 5150.7 5413.3

7.6953 7.9413 8.1592 8.3568 8.5387 8.8659 9.1566 9.4201 9.6626 9.8883 10.1000 10.3000 10.4897 10.6704 10.8429

P 0.30 MPa (133.52°C) 2543.2 2571.0 2651.0 2728.9 2807.0 2966.0 3130.6 3301.6 3479.5 3664.3 3856.0 4054.5 4259.4 4470.3 4686.9

2724.9 6.9917 2761.2 7.0792 2865.9 7.3132 2967.9 7.5180 3069.6 7.7037 3275.5 8.0347 3486.6 8.3271 3704.0 8.5915 3928.2 8.8345 4159.3 9.0605 4397.3 9.2725 4642.0 9.4726 4893.1 9.6624 5150.2 9.8431 5413.0 10.0157

P 0.60 MPa (158.83°C) 0.31560 0.35212 0.39390 0.43442 0.47428 0.51374 0.59200 0.66976 0.74725 0.82457 0.90179 0.97893 1.05603 1.13309 1.21012

2566.8 2639.4 2721.2 2801.4 2881.6 2962.5 3128.2 3299.8 3478.1 3663.2 3855.1 4053.8 4258.8 4469.8 4686.4

2756.2 2850.6 2957.6 3062.0 3166.1 3270.8 3483.4 3701.7 3926.4 4157.9 4396.2 4641.1 4892.4 5149.6 5412.5

u kJ/kg

h kJ/kg

s kJ/kg K

P 0.10 MPa (99.61°C)

3.2403

0.60582 0.63402 0.71643 0.79645 0.87535 1.03155 1.18672 1.34139 1.49580 1.65004 1.80417 1.95824 2.11226 2.26624 2.42019

v m3/kg

6.7593 6.9683 7.1833 7.3740 7.5481 7.7097 8.0041 8.2695 8.5132 8.7395 8.9518 9.1521 9.3420 9.5229 9.6955

1.6941 2505.6

2675.0

1.6959 1.9367 2.1724 2.4062 2.6389 3.1027 3.5655 4.0279 4.4900 4.9519 5.4137 5.8755 6.3372 6.7988 7.2605

2675.8 7.3611 2776.6 7.6148 2875.5 7.8356 2974.5 8.0346 3074.5 8.2172 3278.6 8.5452 3488.7 8.8362 3705.6 9.0999 3929.4 9.3424 4160.2 9.5682 4398.0 9.7800 4642.6 9.9800 4893.6 10.1698 5150.6 10.3504 5413.3 10.5229

2506.2 2582.9 2658.2 2733.9 2810.7 2968.3 3132.2 3302.8 3480.4 3665.0 3856.7 4055.0 4259.8 4470.7 4687.2

7.3589

P 0.40 MPa (143.61°C) 0.46242 0.47088 0.53434 0.59520 0.65489 0.77265 0.88936 1.00558 1.12152 1.23730 1.35298 1.46859 1.58414 1.69966 1.81516

2553.1 2564.4 2647.2 2726.4 2805.1 2964.9 3129.8 3301.0 3479.0 3663.9 3855.7 4054.3 4259.2 4470.2 4686.7

2738.1 2752.8 2860.9 2964.5 3067.1 3273.9 3485.5 3703.3 3927.6 4158.9 4396.9 4641.7 4892.9 5150.0 5412.8

6.8955 6.9306 7.1723 7.3804 7.5677 7.9003 8.1933 8.4580 8.7012 8.9274 9.1394 9.3396 9.5295 9.7102 9.8828

P 0.80 MPa (170.41°C) 0.24035 0.26088 0.29321 0.32416 0.35442 0.38429 0.44332 0.50186 0.56011 0.61820 0.67619 0.73411 0.79197 0.84980 0.90761

2576.0 2631.1 2715.9 2797.5 2878.6 2960.2 3126.6 3298.7 3477.2 3662.5 3854.5 4053.3 4258.3 4469.4 4686.1

2768.3 2839.8 2950.4 3056.9 3162.2 3267.7 3481.3 3700.1 3925.3 4157.0 4395.5 4640.5 4891.9 5149.3 5412.2

6.6616 6.8177 7.0402 7.2345 7.4107 7.5735 7.8692 8.1354 8.3794 8.6061 8.8185 9.0189 9.2090 9.3898 9.5625

*La temperatura entre paréntesis es la temperatura de saturación a la presión especificada. †

Propiedades del vapor saturado a la presión especificada.

18Appendix_01 ITALICAS.qxd 918

7/12/11 14:26:00

919

APÉNDICE 1

TABLA A-6 Vapor de agua sobrecalentado (continuación) T °C

u kJ/kg

v m3/kg

h kJ/kg

s v kJ/kg K m3/kg

P 1.00 MPa (179.88 C) Sat. 200 250 300 350 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300

0.19437 0.20602 0.23275 0.25799 0.28250 0.30661 0.35411 0.40111 0.44783 0.49438 0.54083 0.58721 0.63354 0.67983 0.72610

2582.8 2622.3 2710.4 2793.7 2875.7 2957.9 3125.0 3297.5 3476.3 3661.7 3853.9 4052.7 4257.9 4469.0 4685.8

2777.1 2828.3 2943.1 3051.6 3158.2 3264.5 3479.1 3698.6 3924.1 4156.1 4394.8 4640.0 4891.4 5148.9 5411.9

6.5850 6.6956 6.9265 7.1246 7.3029 7.4670 7.7642 8.0311 8.2755 8.5024 8.7150 8.9155 9.1057 9.2866 9.4593

P 1.60 MPa (201.37 C) Sat. 225 250 300 350 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300

0.12374 0.13293 0.14190 0.15866 0.17459 0.19007 0.22029 0.24999 0.27941 0.30865 0.33780 0.36687 0.39589 0.42488 0.45383

Sat. 225 250 300 350 400 450 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300

0.07995 0.08026 0.08705 0.09894 0.10979 0.12012 0.13015 0.13999 0.15931 0.17835 0.19722 0.21597 0.23466 0.25330 0.27190 0.29048

2594.8 2792.8 2645.1 2857.8 2692.9 2919.9 2781.6 3035.4 2866.6 3146.0 2950.8 3254.9 3120.1 3472.6 3293.9 3693.9 3473.5 3920.5 3659.5 4153.4 3852.1 4392.6 4051.2 4638.2 4256.6 4890.0 4467.9 5147.7 4684.8 5410.9

6.4200 6.5537 6.6753 6.8864 7.0713 7.2394 7.5410 7.8101 8.0558 8.2834 8.4965 8.6974 8.8878 9.0689 9.2418

P 2.50 MPa (223.95 C)

18Appendix_01 ITALICAS.qxd 919

2602.1 2604.8 2663.3 2762.2 2852.5 2939.8 3026.2 3112.8 3288.5 3469.3 3656.2 3849.4 4049.0 4254.7 4466.3 4683.4

2801.9 6.2558 2805.5 6.2629 2880.9 6.4107 3009.6 6.6459 3127.0 6.8424 3240.1 7.0170 3351.6 7.1768 3462.8 7.3254 3686.8 7.5979 3915.2 7.8455 4149.2 8.0744 4389.3 8.2882 4635.6 8.4897 4887.9 8.6804 5146.0 8.8618 5409.5 9.0349

u kJ/kg

h kJ/kg

s kJ/kg K

P 1.20 MPa (187.96 C) 0.16326 0.16934 0.19241 0.21386 0.23455 0.25482 0.29464 0.33395 0.37297 0.41184 0.45059 0.48928 0.52792 0.56652 0.60509

2587.8 2612.9 2704.7 2789.7 2872.7 2955.5 3123.4 3296.3 3475.3 3661.0 3853.3 4052.2 4257.5 4468.7 4685.5

2783.8 2816.1 2935.6 3046.3 3154.2 3261.3 3477.0 3697.0 3922.9 4155.2 4394.0 4639.4 4891.0 5148.5 5411.6

6.5217 6.5909 6.8313 7.0335 7.2139 7.3793 7.6779 7.9456 8.1904 8.4176 8.6303 8.8310 9.0212 9.2022 9.3750

P 1.80 MPa (207.11 C) 0.11037 0.11678 0.12502 0.14025 0.15460 0.16849 0.19551 0.22200 0.24822 0.27426 0.30020 0.32606 0.35188 0.37766 0.40341

2597.3 2637.0 2686.7 2777.4 2863.6 2948.3 3118.5 3292.7 3472.6 3658.8 3851.5 4050.7 4256.2 4467.6 4684.5

2795.9 2847.2 2911.7 3029.9 3141.9 3251.6 3470.4 3692.3 3919.4 4152.4 4391.9 4637.6 4889.6 5147.3 5410.6

6.3775 6.4825 6.6088 6.8246 7.0120 7.1814 7.4845 7.7543 8.0005 8.2284 8.4417 8.6427 8.8331 9.0143 9.1872

P 3.00 MPa (233.85 C)

u kJ/kg

v m3/kg

h kJ/kg

s kJ/kg K

P 1.40 MPa (195.04 C) 0.14078 0.14303 0.16356 0.18233 0.20029 0.21782 0.25216 0.28597 0.31951 0.35288 0.38614 0.41933 0.45247 0.48558 0.51866

2591.8 2602.7 2698.9 2785.7 2869.7 2953.1 3121.8 3295.1 3474.4 3660.3 3852.7 4051.7 4257.0 4468.3 4685.1

2788.9 2803.0 2927.9 3040.9 3150.1 3258.1 3474.8 3695.5 3921.7 4154.3 4393.3 4638.8 4890.5 5148.1 5411.3

6.4675 6.4975 6.7488 6.9553 7.1379 7.3046 7.6047 7.8730 8.1183 8.3458 8.5587 8.7595 8.9497 9.1308 9.3036

P 2.00 MPa (212.38 C) 0.09959 0.10381 0.11150 0.12551 0.13860 0.15122 0.17568 0.19962 0.22326 0.24674 0.27012 0.29342 0.31667 0.33989 0.36308

2599.1 2798.3 6.3390 2628.5 2836.1 6.4160 2680.3 2903.3 6.5475 2773.2 3024.2 6.7684 2860.5 3137.7 6.9583 2945.9 3248.4 7.1292 3116.9 3468.3 7.4337 3291.5 3690.7 7.7043 3471.7 3918.2 7.9509 3658.0 4151.5 8.1791 3850.9 4391.1 8.3925 4050.2 4637.1 8.5936 4255.7 4889.1 8.7842 4467.2 5147.0 8.9654 4684.2 5410.3 9.1384

P 3.50 MPa (242.56 C)

0.06667

2603.2

2803.2

6.1856

0.05706

2603.0

2802.7 6.1244

0.07063 0.08118 0.09056 0.09938 0.10789 0.11620 0.13245 0.14841 0.16420 0.17988 0.19549 0.21105 0.22658 0.24207

2644.7 2750.8 2844.4 2933.6 3021.2 3108.6 3285.5 3467.0 3654.3 3847.9 4047.7 4253.6 4465.3 4682.6

2856.5 2994.3 3116.1 3231.7 3344.9 3457.2 3682.8 3912.2 4146.9 4387.5 4634.2 4886.7 5145.1 5408.8

6.2893 6.5412 6.7450 6.9235 7.0856 7.2359 7.5103 7.7590 7.9885 8.2028 8.4045 8.5955 8.7771 8.9502

0.05876 0.06845 0.07680 0.08456 0.09198 0.09919 0.11325 0.12702 0.14061 0.15410 0.16751 0.18087 0.19420 0.20750

2624.0 2829.7 2738.8 2978.4 2836.0 3104.9 2927.2 3223.2 3016.1 3338.1 3104.5 3451.7 3282.5 3678.9 3464.7 3909.3 3652.5 4144.6 3846.4 4385.7 4046.4 4632.7 4252.5 4885.6 4464.4 5144.1 4681.8 5408.0

6.1764 6.4484 6.6601 6.8428 7.0074 7.1593 7.4357 7.6855 7.9156 8.1304 8.3324 8.5236 8.7053 8.8786

7/12/11 14:26:00

920

TABLAS DE PROPIEDADES, FIGURAS Y DIAGRAMAS (UNIDADES SI)

TABLA A-6 Vapor de agua sobrecalentado (continuación) T °C

v m3/kg

u kJ/kg

Sat. 275 300 350 400 450 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300

0.04978 0.05461 0.05887 0.06647 0.07343 0.08004 0.08644 0.09886 0.11098 0.12292 0.13476 0.14653 0.15824 0.16992 0.18157

h kJ/kg

s v kJ/kg K m3/kg

P 4.0 MPa (250.35 C) 2601.7 2668.9 2726.2 2827.4 2920.8 3011.0 3100.3 3279.4 3462.4 3650.6 3844.8 4045.1 4251.4 4463.5 4680.9

2800.8 2887.3 2961.7 3093.3 3214.5 3331.2 3446.0 3674.9 3906.3 4142.3 4383.9 4631.2 4884.4 5143.2 5407.2

6.0696 6.2312 6.3639 6.5843 6.7714 6.9386 7.0922 7.3706 7.6214 7.8523 8.0675 8.2698 8.4612 8.6430 8.8164

P 6.0 MPa (275.59 C) Sat. 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300

0.03245 0.03619 0.04225 0.04742 0.05217 0.05667 0.06102 0.06527 0.07355 0.08165 0.08964 0.09756 0.10543 0.11326 0.12107

2589.9 2668.4 2790.4 2893.7 2989.9 3083.1 3175.2 3267.2 3453.0 3643.2 3838.8 4040.1 4247.1 4459.8 4677.7

2784.6 2885.6 3043.9 3178.3 3302.9 3423.1 3541.3 3658.8 3894.3 4133.1 4376.6 4625.4 4879.7 5139.4 5404.1

5.8902 6.0703 6.3357 6.5432 6.7219 6.8826 7.0308 7.1693 7.4247 7.6582 7.8751 8.0786 8.2709 8.4534 8.6273

P 9.0 MPa (303.35 C) Sat. 325 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300

0.020489 0.023284 0.025816 0.029960 0.033524 0.036793 0.039885 0.042861 0.045755 0.048589 0.054132 0.059562 0.064919 0.070224 0.075492 0.080733

18Appendix_01 ITALICAS.qxd 920

2558.5 2647.6 2725.0 2849.2 2956.3 3056.3 3153.0 3248.4 3343.4 3438.8 3632.0 3829.6 4032.4 4240.7 4454.2 4672.9

2742.9 2857.1 2957.3 3118.8 3258.0 3387.4 3512.0 3634.1 3755.2 3876.1 4119.2 4365.7 4616.7 4872.7 5133.6 5399.5

5.6791 5.8738 6.0380 6.2876 6.4872 6.6603 6.8164 6.9605 7.0954 7.2229 7.4606 7.6802 7.8855 8.0791 8.2625 8.4371

u kJ/kg

h kJ/kg

s v kJ/kg K m3/kg

P 4.5 MPa (257.44 C) 0.04406 0.04733 0.05138 0.05842 0.06477 0.07076 0.07652 0.08766 0.09850 0.10916 0.11972 0.13020 0.14064 0.15103 0.16140

2599.7 2651.4 2713.0 2818.6 2914.2 3005.8 3096.0 3276.4 3460.0 3648.8 3843.3 4043.9 4250.4 4462.6 4680.1

2798.0 2864.4 2944.2 3081.5 3205.7 3324.2 3440.4 3670.9 3903.3 4140.0 4382.1 4629.8 4883.2 5142.2 5406.5

6.0198 6.1429 6.2854 6.5153 6.7071 6.8770 7.0323 7.3127 7.5647 7.7962 8.0118 8.2144 8.4060 8.5880 8.7616

P 7.0 MPa (285.83 C) 0.027378 0.029492 0.035262 0.039958 0.044187 0.048157 0.051966 0.055665 0.062850 0.069856 0.076750 0.083571 0.090341 0.097075 0.103781

2581.0 2633.5 2770.1 2879.5 2979.0 3074.3 3167.9 3261.0 3448.3 3639.5 3835.7 4037.5 4245.0 4457.9 4676.1

2772.6 2839.9 3016.9 3159.2 3288.3 3411.4 3531.6 3650.6 3888.3 4128.5 4373.0 4622.5 4877.4 5137.4 5402.6

5.8148 5.9337 6.2305 6.4502 6.6353 6.8000 6.9507 7.0910 7.3487 7.5836 7.8014 8.0055 8.1982 8.3810 8.5551

P 10.0 MPa (311.00 C) 0.018028 0.019877 0.022440 0.026436 0.029782 0.032811 0.035655 0.038378 0.041018 0.043597 0.048629 0.053547 0.058391 0.063183 0.067938 0.072667

2545.2 2611.6 2699.6 2833.1 2944.5 3047.0 3145.4 3242.0 3338.0 3434.0 3628.2 3826.5 4029.9 4238.5 4452.4 4671.3

2725.5 2810.3 2924.0 3097.5 3242.4 3375.1 3502.0 3625.8 3748.1 3870.0 4114.5 4362.0 4613.8 4870.3 5131.7 5398.0

5.6159 5.7596 5.9460 6.2141 6.4219 6.5995 6.7585 6.9045 7.0408 7.1693 7.4085 7.6290 7.8349 8.0289 8.2126 8.3874

u kJ/kg

h kJ/kg

s kJ/kg K

P 5.0 MPa (263.94 C) 0.03945 0.04144 0.04535 0.05197 0.05784 0.06332 0.06858 0.07870 0.08852 0.09816 0.10769 0.11715 0.12655 0.13592 0.14527

2597.0 2632.3 2699.0 2809.5 2907.5 3000.6 3091.8 3273.3 3457.7 3646.9 3841.8 4042.6 4249.3 4461.6 4679.3

2794.2 2839.5 2925.7 3069.3 3196.7 3317.2 3434.7 3666.9 3900.3 4137.7 4380.2 4628.3 4882.1 5141.3 5405.7

5.9737 6.0571 6.2111 6.4516 6.6483 6.8210 6.9781 7.2605 7.5136 7.7458 7.9619 8.1648 8.3566 8.5388 8.7124

P 8.0 MPa (295.01 C) 0.023525 0.024279 0.029975 0.034344 0.038194 0.041767 0.045172 0.048463 0.054829 0.061011 0.067082 0.073079 0.079025 0.084934 0.090817

2570.5 2592.3 2748.3 2864.6 2967.8 3065.4 3160.5 3254.7 3443.6 3635.7 3832.7 4035.0 4242.8 4456.1 4674.5

2758.7 2786.5 2988.1 3139.4 3273.3 3399.5 3521.8 3642.4 3882.2 4123.8 4369.3 4619.6 4875.0 5135.5 5401.0

5.7450 5.7937 6.1321 6.3658 6.5579 6.7266 6.8800 7.0221 7.2822 7.5185 7.7372 7.9419 8.1350 8.3181 8.4925

P 12.5 MPa (327.81 C) 0.013496 2505.6

2674.3 5.4638

0.016138 0.020030 0.023019 0.025630 0.028033 0.030306 0.032491 0.034612 0.038724 0.042720 0.046641 0.050510 0.054342 0.058147

2826.6 3040.0 3201.5 3343.6 3476.5 3604.6 3730.2 3854.6 4102.8 4352.9 4606.5 4864.5 5127.0 5394.1

2624.9 2789.6 2913.7 3023.2 3126.1 3225.8 3324.1 3422.0 3618.8 3818.9 4023.5 4233.1 4447.7 4667.3

5.7130 6.0433 6.2749 6.4651 6.6317 6.7828 6.9227 7.0540 7.2967 7.5195 7.7269 7.9220 8.1065 8.2819

7/12/11 14:26:01

921

APÉNDICE 1

TABLA A-6 Vapor de agua sobrecalentado (conclusión) T °C

v m3/kg

u kJ/kg

Sat. 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300

0.010341 0.011481 0.015671 0.018477 0.020828 0.022945 0.024921 0.026804 0.028621 0.032121 0.035503 0.038808 0.042062 0.045279 0.048469

h kJ/kg

s v kJ/kg K m3/kg

P 15.0 MPa (342.16 C) 2455.7 2520.9 2740.6 2880.8 2998.4 3106.2 3209.3 3310.1 3409.8 3609.3 3811.2 4017.1 4227.7 4443.1 4663.3

2610.8 2693.1 2975.7 3157.9 3310.8 3450.4 3583.1 3712.1 3839.1 4091.1 4343.7 4599.2 4858.6 5122.3 5390.3

5.3108 5.4438 5.8819 6.1434 6.3480 6.5230 6.6796 6.8233 6.9573 7.2037 7.4288 7.6378 7.8339 8.0192 8.1952

0.001978 0.006005 0.007886 0.009176 0.011143 0.012736 0.014140 0.015430 0.016643 0.018922 0.021075 0.023150 0.025172 0.027157 0.029115

1799.9 2428.5 2607.8 2721.2 2887.3 3020.8 3140.0 3251.9 3359.9 3570.7 3780.2 3991.5 4206.1 4424.6 4647.2

1849.4 2578.7 2805.0 2950.6 3165.9 3339.2 3493.5 3637.7 3776.0 4043.8 4307.1 4570.2 4835.4 5103.5 5375.1

0.001641 0.001911 0.002538 0.003692 0.005623 0.006985 0.008089 0.009053 0.009930 0.011521 0.012980 0.014360 0.015686 0.016976 0.018239

18Appendix_01 ITALICAS.qxd 921

1677.0 1855.0 2097.5 2364.2 2681.6 2875.1 3026.8 3159.5 3282.0 3511.8 3733.3 3952.9 4173.7 4396.9 4623.3

1742.6 1931.4 2199.0 2511.8 2906.5 3154.4 3350.4 3521.6 3679.2 3972.6 4252.5 4527.3 4801.1 5075.9 5352.8

s v kJ/kg K m3/kg

P 17.5 MPa (354.67 C)

u kJ/kg

4.9310

0.012463 0.015204 0.017385 0.019305 0.021073 0.022742 0.024342 0.027405 0.030348 0.033215 0.036029 0.038806 0.041556

0.009950 0.012721 0.014793 0.016571 0.018185 0.019695 0.021134 0.023870 0.026484 0.029020 0.031504 0.033952 0.036371

5.5526 5.9043 6.1446 6.3390 6.5075 6.6593 6.7991 7.0531 7.2829 7.4950 7.6933 7.8802 8.0574

2684.3 2845.4 2972.4 3085.8 3192.5 3295.8 3397.5 3599.7 3803.5 4010.7 4222.3 4438.5 4659.2

2902.4 3111.4 3276.7 3423.6 3561.3 3693.8 3823.5 4079.3 4334.6 4592.0 4852.8 5117.6 5386.5

5.7211 6.0212 6.2424 6.4266 6.5890 6.7366 6.8735 7.1237 7.3511 7.5616 7.7588 7.9449 8.1215

0.001792 0.002798 0.005299 0.006737 0.008691 0.010175 0.011445 0.012590 0.013654 0.015628 0.017473 0.019240 0.020954 0.022630 0.024279

1738.1 2068.9 2452.9 2618.9 2824.0 2974.5 3103.4 3221.7 3334.3 3551.2 3764.6 3978.6 4195.2 4415.3 4639.2

1791.9 2152.8 2611.8 2821.0 3084.8 3279.7 3446.8 3599.4 3743.9 4020.0 4288.8 4555.8 4823.9 5094.2 5367.6

0.001560 0.001731 0.002009 0.002487 0.003890 0.005118 0.006108 0.006957 0.007717 0.009073 0.010296 0.011441 0.012534 0.013590 0.014620

1638.6 1787.8 1960.3 2160.3 2528.1 2769.5 2947.1 3095.6 3228.7 3472.2 3702.0 3927.4 4152.2 4378.6 4607.5

1716.6 1874.4 2060.7 2284.7 2722.6 3025.4 3252.6 3443.5 3614.6 3925.8 4216.8 4499.4 4778.9 5058.1 5338.5

2617.9 2807.3 2945.3 3064.7 3175.3 3281.4 3385.1 3590.1 3795.7 4004.3 4216.9 4433.8 4655.2

2816.9 3061.7 3241.2 3396.2 3539.0 3675.3 3807.8 4067.5 4325.4 4584.7 4847.0 5112.9 5382.7

P 35.0 MPa 3.9313 4.4758 5.1473 5.4422 5.7956 6.0403 6.2373 6.4074 6.5599 6.8301 7.0695 7.2880 7.4906 7.6807 7.8602

0.001701 0.002105 0.003434 0.004957 0.006933 0.008348 0.009523 0.010565 0.011523 0.013278 0.014904 0.016450 0.017942 0.019398 0.020827

P 50.0 MPa 3.8290 4.1145 4.5044 4.9449 5.4744 5.7857 6.0170 6.2078 6.3740 6.6613 6.9107 7.1355 7.3425 7.5357 7.7175

s kJ/kg K

P 20.0 MPa (365.75 C)

P 30.0 MPa 4.0345 5.1400 5.4708 5.6759 5.9643 6.1816 6.3637 6.5243 6.6702 6.9322 7.1668 7.3821 7.5825 7.7710 7.9494

h kJ/kg

0.005862 2294.8 2412.1

P 40.0 MPa 375 400 425 450 500 550 600 650 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300

h kJ/kg

0.007932 2390.7 2529.5 5.1435

P 25.0 MPa 375 400 425 450 500 550 600 650 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300

u kJ/kg

1702.8 1914.9 2253.3 2497.5 2755.3 2925.8 3065.6 3190.9 3308.3 3531.6 3749.0 3965.8 4184.4 4406.1 4631.2

1762.4 1988.6 2373.5 2671.0 2997.9 3218.0 3399.0 3560.7 3711.6 3996.3 4270.6 4541.5 4812.4 5085.0 5360.2

3.8724 4.2144 4.7751 5.1946 5.6331 5.9093 6.1229 6.3030 6.4623 6.7409 6.9853 7.2069 7.4118 7.6034 7.7841

P 60.0 MPa 3.7642 4.0029 4.2746 4.5896 5.1762 5.5563 5.8245 6.0373 6.2179 6.5225 6.7819 7.0131 7.2244 7.4207 7.6048

0.001503 0.001633 0.001816 0.002086 0.002952 0.003955 0.004833 0.005591 0.006265 0.007456 0.008519 0.009504 0.010439 0.011339 0.012213

1609.7 1745.2 1892.9 2055.1 2393.2 2664.6 2866.8 3031.3 3175.4 3432.6 3670.9 3902.0 4130.9 4360.5 4591.8

1699.9 1843.2 2001.8 2180.2 2570.3 2901.9 3156.8 3366.8 3551.3 3880.0 4182.1 4472.2 4757.3 5040.8 5324.5

3.7149 3.9317 4.1630 4.4140 4.9356 5.3517 5.6527 5.8867 6.0814 6.4033 6.6725 6.9099 7.1255 7.3248 7.5111

7/12/11 14:26:01

922

TABLAS DE PROPIEDADES, FIGURAS Y DIAGRAMAS (UNIDADES SI)

TABLA A-7 Agua líquida comprimida T °C

u kJ/kg

v m3/kg

h kJ/kg

s v kJ/kg K m3/kg

P 5 MPa (263.94 C) Sat. 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340

0.0012862 1148.1 1154.5 0.0009977 0.04 5.03 0.0009996 83.61 88.61 0.0010057 166.92 171.95 0.0010149 250.29 255.36 0.0010267 333.82 338.96 0.0010410 417.65 422.85 0.0010576 501.91 507.19 0.0010769 586.80 592.18 0.0010988 672.55 678.04 0.0011240 759.47 765.09 0.0011531 847.92 853.68 0.0011868 938.39 944.32 0.0012268 1031.6 1037.7 0.0012755 1128.5 1134.9

u kJ/kg

0.0020378 0.0009904 0.0009929 0.0009992 0.0010084 0.0010199 0.0010337 0.0010496 0.0010679 0.0010886 0.0011122 0.0011390 0.0011697 0.0012053 0.0012472 0.0012978 0.0013611 0.0014450 0.0015693 0.0018248

18Appendix_01 ITALICAS.qxd 922

1785.8 0.23 82.71 165.17 247.75 330.50 413.50 496.85 580.71 665.28 750.78 837.49 925.77 1016.1 1109.0 1205.6 1307.2 1416.6 1540.2 1703.6

1826.6 20.03 102.57 185.16 267.92 350.90 434.17 517.84 602.07 687.05 773.02 860.27 949.16 1040.2 1134.0 1231.5 1334.4 1445.5 1571.6 1740.1

s v kJ/kg K m3/kg

P 10 MPa (311.00 C) 2.9207 0.0001 0.2954 0.5705 0.8287 1.0723 1.3034 1.5236 1.7344 1.9374 2.1338 2.3251 2.5127 2.6983 2.8841

0.0014522 0.0009952 0.0009973 0.0010035 0.0010127 0.0010244 0.0010385 0.0010549 0.0010738 0.0010954 0.0011200 0.0011482 0.0011809 0.0012192 0.0012653 0.0013226 0.0013980

P 20 MPa (365.75 C) Sat. 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360 380

h kJ/kg

4.0146 0.0005 0.2921 0.5646 0.8208 1.0627 1.2920 1.5105 1.7194 1.9203 2.1143 2.3027 2.4867 2.6676 2.8469 3.0265 3.2091 3.3996 3.6086 3.8787

1393.3 0.12 83.31 166.33 249.43 332.69 416.23 500.18 584.72 670.06 756.48 844.32 934.01 1026.2 1121.6 1221.8 1329.4

1407.9 10.07 93.28 176.37 259.55 342.94 426.62 510.73 595.45 681.01 767.68 855.80 945.82 1038.3 1134.3 1235.0 1343.3

3.3603 0.0003 0.2943 0.5685 0.8260 1.0691 1.2996 1.5191 1.7293 1.9316 2.1271 2.3174 2.5037 2.6876 2.8710 3.0565 3.2488

u kJ/kg

0.29 82.11 164.05 246.14 328.40 410.87 493.66 576.90 660.74 745.40 831.11 918.15 1006.9 1097.8 1191.5 1288.9 1391.7 1502.4 1626.8 1782.0

29.86 111.77 193.90 276.26 358.86 441.74 525.00 608.76 693.21 778.55 865.02 952.93 1042.7 1134.7 1229.8 1328.9 1433.7 1547.1 1675.6 1838.2

s kJ/kg K

P 15 MPa (342.16 C) 0.0016572 0.0009928 0.0009951 0.0010013 0.0010105 0.0010221 0.0010361 0.0010522 0.0010708 0.0010920 0.0011160 0.0011435 0.0011752 0.0012121 0.0012560 0.0013096 0.0013783 0.0014733 0.0016311

P 30 MPa 0.0009857 0.0009886 0.0009951 0.0010042 0.0010155 0.0010290 0.0010445 0.0010623 0.0010823 0.0011049 0.0011304 0.0011595 0.0011927 0.0012314 0.0012770 0.0013322 0.0014014 0.0014932 0.0016276 0.0018729

h kJ/kg

1585.5 0.18 83.01 165.75 248.58 331.59 414.85 498.50 582.69 667.63 753.58 840.84 929.81 1021.0 1115.1 1213.4 1317.6 1431.9 1567.9

1610.3 15.07 97.93 180.77 263.74 346.92 430.39 514.28 598.75 684.01 770.32 858.00 947.43 1039.2 1134.0 1233.0 1338.3 1454.0 1592.4

3.6848 0.0004 0.2932 0.5666 0.8234 1.0659 1.2958 1.5148 1.7243 1.9259 2.1206 2.3100 2.4951 2.6774 2.8586 3.0410 3.2279 3.4263 3.6555

P 50 MPa 0.0003 0.2897 0.5607 0.8156 1.0564 1.2847 1.5020 1.7098 1.9094 2.1020 2.2888 2.4707 2.6491 2.8250 3.0001 3.1761 3.3558 3.5438 3.7499 4.0026

0.0009767 0.0009805 0.0009872 0.0009962 0.0010072 0.0010201 0.0010349 0.0010517 0.0010704 0.0010914 0.0011149 0.0011412 0.0011708 0.0012044 0.0012430 0.0012879 0.0013409 0.0014049 0.0014848 0.0015884

0.29 80.93 161.90 243.08 324.42 405.94 487.69 569.77 652.33 735.49 819.45 904.39 990.55 1078.2 1167.7 1259.6 1354.3 1452.9 1556.5 1667.1

49.13 0.0010 129.95 0.2845 211.25 0.5528 292.88 0.8055 374.78 1.0442 456.94 1.2705 539.43 1.4859 622.36 1.6916 705.85 1.8889 790.06 2.0790 875.19 2.2628 961.45 2.4414 1049.1 2.6156 1138.4 2.7864 1229.9 2.9547 1324.0 3.1218 1421.4 3.2888 1523.1 3.4575 1630.7 3.6301 1746.5 3.8102

7/12/11 14:26:01

923

APÉNDICE 1

TABLA A-8 Hielo saturado. Vapor de agua Volumen específico, m3/kg

Energía interna, kJ/kg

Entalpía, kJ/kg

Entropía, kJ/kg · K

Temp., T °C

Pres. sat., Psat kPa

Hielo sat, vi

Vapor sat., vg

Hielo sat., ui

Subl., uig

Vapor sat., ug

Hielo sat., hi

Subl., hig

Vapor sat., hg

Hielo sat., si

Subl., sig

Vapor sat., sg

0.01 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40

0.61169 0.61115 0.51772 0.43748 0.36873 0.30998 0.25990 0.21732 0.18121 0.15068 0.12492 0.10326 0.08510 0.06991 0.05725 0.04673 0.03802 0.03082 0.02490 0.02004 0.01608 0.01285

0.001091 0.001091 0.001091 0.001090 0.001090 0.001090 0.001089 0.001089 0.001088 0.001088 0.001088 0.001087 0.001087 0.001087 0.001087 0.001086 0.001086 0.001086 0.001085 0.001085 0.001085 0.001084

205.99 206.17 241.62 283.84 334.27 394.66 467.17 554.47 659.88 787.51 942.51 1131.3 1362.0 1644.7 1992.2 2421.0 2951.7 3610.9 4432.4 5460.1 6750.5 8376.7

333.40 333.43 337.63 341.80 345.94 350.04 354.12 358.17 362.18 366.17 370.13 374.06 377.95 381.82 385.66 389.47 393.25 397.00 400.72 404.40 408.07 411.70

2707.9 2707.9 2709.4 2710.8 2712.2 2713.5 2714.8 2716.1 2717.3 2718.6 2719.7 2720.9 2722.0 2723.1 2724.2 2725.2 2726.2 2727.2 2728.1 2729.0 2729.9 2730.7

2374.5 2374.5 2371.8 2369.0 2366.2 2363.5 2360.7 2357.9 2355.2 2352.4 2349.6 2346.8 2344.1 2341.3 2338.5 2335.7 2332.9 2330.2 2327.4 2324.6 2321.8 2319.0

333.40 333.43 337.63 341.80 345.93 350.04 354.12 358.17 362.18 366.17 370.13 374.06 377.95 381.82 385.66 389.47 393.25 397.00 400.72 404.40 408.07 411.70

2833.9 2833.9 2834.5 2835.0 2835.4 2835.8 2836.2 2836.6 2836.9 2837.2 2837.5 2837.7 2837.9 2838.1 2838.2 2838.3 2838.4 2838.4 2838.5 2838.4 2838.4 2838.3

2500.5 2500.5 2496.8 2493.2 2489.5 2485.8 2482.1 2478.4 2474.7 2471.0 2467.3 2463.6 2459.9 2456.2 2452.5 2448.8 2445.1 2441.4 2437.7 2434.0 2430.3 2426.6

1.2202 1.2204 1.2358 1.2513 1.2667 1.2821 1.2976 1.3130 1.3284 1.3439 1.3593 1.3748 1.3903 1.4057 1.4212 1.4367 1.4521 1.4676 1.4831 1.4986 1.5141 1.5296

10.374 10.375 10.453 10.533 10.613 10.695 10.778 10.862 10.947 11.033 11.121 11.209 11.300 11.391 11.484 11.578 11.673 11.770 11.869 11.969 12.071 12.174

9.154 9.154 9.218 9.282 9.347 9.413 9.480 9.549 9.618 9.689 9.761 9.835 9.909 9.985 10.063 10.141 10.221 10.303 10.386 10.470 10.557 10.644

18Appendix_01 ITALICAS.qxd 923

7/12/11 14:26:01

1

h = 400

0 0

600

3

2400

4

00

50%

5 0 20 00

3200

3400

4000 3800

3600

4500

6

h h= =4200 k J /k

00

22 00

Va po

rs

g

do

h=

7

10 kg /m 3

6

7

26 h00= 24 kJ/ 00 kg GCa rlaidn atída== 9900% % 70 80% %

atu ra

0 10 80 0 6

0 80 0 60 0 50 0 40 0 35 00 3 0 25 0 20 0 15

5 Entropía, kJ/kg · K

18

0

0

kg kJ/

200

8

1 kg/m 3

9

3200

3300

3400

3500

3600

3700

3800

3900

4000

4100

4200

4300

4400

4500

4600

4700

4800

4900

5000

h = 5000 kJ/kg

g/m 3

0.3 kg/m 3

3 kg/m 3

8

9

2650 h = 2600 2650 kJ/kg 2550

2800

2900

3000

3100

0 10

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

1100

10 1200

Copyright © 1984. De NBS/NRC Steam Tables/1 por Lester Haar, John S. Gallagher y George S. Kell. Reproducido con permiso de Routledge/Taylor & Francis Books, Inc.

2

%

20

800

ad

lid

Ca

0% =1

uid

Líq

do

ra atu

os

0 140

1000

0 100

0 120

0 1 60

1800

2000

h

0 300 0 28 0

2600

200 kJ/kg =h 2=

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

4

100 k g/m 3

550 P = 300 20 00 ba r 1 00 0 5 100 000 80000 0 D e n 50 sida d= 4 00 6000 kg/m 3 30000 0 20 0 15 00 00

60%

FIGURA A-9 Diagrama T-s para el agua.

Temperatura, °C

50 0

10 0

900

3

300 k g/m 3

1000

2

30

30 kg /m 3

40 30 20 15 10

kg/m 3 0.1

1100

1

120 %

140

40%

3k 0.0 8 6 4 3 2 1.5 0.8 1.0 0.6 0.4 0.3 0.

2 0.1 0.0 5 0.08 0.

1 6 0.

0 0.04 3 0.0 0 2 .

0 15 Den

0

kg/m 3 0.01 sida d= .00 8

18Appendix_01 ITALICAS.qxd 924 0 16

0.

0 006 0 .0 .

0 04 0. 03 00 2

0 1200

TABLAS DE PROPIEDADES, FIGURAS Y DIAGRAMAS (UNIDADES SI) 924

7/12/11 14:26:02

925

APÉNDICE 1 5000

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10 5000

°C 1100°C

C 0°

0

T=

11

°C 1000°C

0°C 400°

98% 96% Ca 9 4 % lid ad= 92% 90% 88 86% % 84% 82% 80% 78 76 % 74 % 72 % 70 % % 68 %

0°C T = 300°

2000

3000

0.

0. 3 0 0. .08 0.12 0 0. 6 0.1 5 04 0.0 0.0 5 0. 3 01 0. 5 01

0 0. .8 0.4 6

8 6 4

3 2 1.5 1.0

5

De nsi da

d=

0.01

0.1 kg/m 3

kg/m 3

/m 3 1 kg

150 00

200 00

250 00

300 00 bar

C 800°°C

P=

4000

C 700°°C

0°C 600°

3000 0°C 500°

Entalpía, kJ/kg

Densi 100 dad = 00 1000 800 kg/m 3 0 600 0 500 40000 3000 20 15 00 800 10 00 00 6 40000 5 00 30 2000 1 00 kg/m 3 80 1150 00 60 40 50 30 20 15 10 k 10 g/m 3

°C 900°C

4000

02 0.

P

=

r ba 08 0.0

2000

% 66 % 64 % 62 % 60 % 58 56% 54% 52% 50% 48% 46% 44% 42% 40%

1000

2

3

4

5

6 Entropía, kJ/kg · K

7

8

9

1000 10

FIGURA A-10 Diagrama de Mollier para el agua.

Copyright © 1984. De NBS/NRC Steam Tables/1 por Lester Haar, John S. Gallagher y George S. Kell. Reproducido con permiso de Routledge/Taylor & Francis Books, Inc.

18Appendix_01 ITALICAS.qxd 925

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926

TABLAS DE PROPIEDADES, FIGURAS Y DIAGRAMAS (UNIDADES SI)

TABLA A-11 Refrigerante 134a saturado. Tabla de temperatura Volumen específico, m3/kg

Energía interna, kJ/kg

Pres.

Líq.

Temp., sat., sat., T °C Psat kPa vf

Vapor sat., vg

Líq. sat., uf

Evap., ufg

Vapor sat., ug

40 38 36 34 32

51.25 56.86 62.95 69.56 76.71

0.0007054 0.0007083 0.0007112 0.0007142 0.0007172

0.36081 0.32732 0.29751 0.27090 0.24711

0.036 2.475 4.992 7.517 10.05

207.40 206.04 204.67 203.29 201.91

30 28 26 24 22

84.43 92.76 101.73 111.37 121.72

0.0007203 0.0007234 0.0007265 0.0007297 0.0007329

0.22580 0.20666 0.18946 0.17395 0.15995

12.59 15.13 17.69 20.25 22.82

20 18 16 14 12

132.82 144.69 157.38 170.93 185.37

0.0007362 0.0007396 0.0007430 0.0007464 0.0007499

0.14729 0.13583 0.12542 0.11597 0.10736

10 8 6 4 2

200.74 217.08 234.44 252.85 272.36

0.0007535 0.0007571 0.0007608 0.0007646 0.0007684

0 2 4 6 8

293.01 314.84 337.90 362.23 387.88

10 12 14 16 18

414.89 443.31 473.19 504.58 537.52

18Appendix_01 ITALICAS.qxd 926

Entalpía, kJ/kg Líq. sat., hf

Entropía, kJ/kg · K

Evap., hfg

Vapor sat., hg

Líq. sat., sf

Evap., sfg

Vapor sat., sg

207.37 0.000 208.51 2.515 209.66 5.037 210.81 7.566 211.96 10.10

225.86 224.61 223.35 222.09 220.81

225.86 227.12 228.39 229.65 230.91

0.00000 0.01072 0.02138 0.03199 0.04253

0.96866 0.95511 0.94176 0.92859 0.91560

0.96866 0.96584 0.96315 0.96058 0.95813

200.52 199.12 197.72 196.30 194.88

213.11 214.25 215.40 216.55 217.70

12.65 15.20 17.76 20.33 22.91

219.52 232.17 218.22 233.43 216.92 234.68 215.59 235.92 214.26 s237.17

0.05301 0.06344 0.07382 0.08414 0.09441

0.90278 0.89012 0.87762 0.86527 0.85307

0.95579 0.95356 0.95144 0.94941 0.94748

25.39 27.98 30.57 33.17 35.78

193.45 192.01 190.56 189.09 187.62

218.84 219.98 221.13 222.27 223.40

25.49 28.09 30.69 33.30 35.92

212.91 211.55 210.18 208.79 207.38

238.41 239.64 240.87 242.09 243.30

0.10463 0.11481 0.12493 0.13501 0.14504

0.84101 0.82908 0.81729 0.80561 0.79406

0.94564 0.94389 0.94222 0.94063 0.93911

0.099516 0.092352 0.085802 0.079804 0.074304

38.40 41.03 43.66 46.31 48.96

186.14 184.64 183.13 181.61 180.08

224.54 225.67 226.80 227.92 229.04

38.55 41.19 43.84 46.50 49.17

205.96 204.52 203.07 201.60 200.11

244.51 245.72 246.91 248.10 249.28

0.15504 0.16498 0.17489 0.18476 0.19459

0.78263 0.77130 0.76008 0.74896 0.73794

0.93766 0.93629 0.93497 0.93372 0.93253

0.0007723 0.0007763 0.0007804 0.0007845 0.0007887

0.069255 0.064612 0.060338 0.056398 0.052762

51.63 54.30 56.99 59.68 62.39

178.53 176.97 175.39 173.80 172.19

230.16 231.27 232.38 233.48 234.58

51.86 54.55 57.25 59.97 62.69

198.60 197.07 195.51 193.94 192.35

250.45 251.61 252.77 253.91 255.04

0.20439 0.21415 0.22387 0.23356 0.24323

0.72701 0.71616 0.70540 0.69471 0.68410

0.93139 0.93031 0.92927 0.92828 0.92733

0.0007930 0.0007975 0.0008020 0.0008066 0.0008113

0.049403 0.046295 0.043417 0.040748 0.038271

65.10 67.83 70.57 73.32 76.08

170.56 168.92 167.26 165.58 163.88

235.67 236.75 237.83 238.90 239.96

65.43 68.18 70.95 73.73 76.52

190.73 189.09 187.42 185.73 184.01

256.16 257.27 258.37 259.46 260.53

0.25286 0.26246 0.27204 0.28159 0.29112

0.67356 0.66308 0.65266 0.64230 0.63198

0.92641 0.92554 0.92470 0.92389 0.92310

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927

APÉNDICE 1

TABLA A-11 Refrigerante 134a saturado. Tabla de temperatura (conclusión) Volumen específico, m3/kg Pres.

Líq.

Temp., sat., sat., T °C Psat kPa vf

Vapor sat., vg

Energía interna, kJ/kg Líq. sat., uf

Evap., ufg

Vapor sat., ug

Entalpía, kJ/kg Líq. sat., hf

Entropía, kJ/kg · K

Evap., hfg

Vapor sat., hg

Líq. sat., sf

Evap., sfg

Vapor sat., sg

20 22 24 26 28

572.07 608.27 646.18 685.84 727.31

0.0008161 0.0008210 0.0008261 0.0008313 0.0008366

0.035969 0.033828 0.031834 0.029976 0.028242

78.86 81.64 84.44 87.26 90.09

162.16 160.42 158.65 156.87 155.05

241.02 242.06 243.10 244.12 245.14

79.32 82.14 84.98 87.83 90.69

182.27 180.49 178.69 176.85 174.99

261.59 262.64 263.67 264.68 265.68

0.30063 0.31011 0.31958 0.32903 0.33846

0.62172 0.61149 0.60130 0.59115 0.58102

0.92234 0.92160 0.92088 0.92018 0.91948

30 32 34 36 38

770.64 815.89 863.11 912.35 963.68

0.0008421 0.0008478 0.0008536 0.0008595 0.0008657

0.026622 0.025108 0.023691 0.022364 0.021119

92.93 95.79 98.66 101.55 104.45

153.22 151.35 149.46 147.54 145.58

246.14 247.14 248.12 249.08 250.04

93.58 96.48 99.40 102.33 105.29

173.08 171.14 169.17 167.16 165.10

266.66 267.62 268.57 269.49 270.39

0.34789 0.35730 0.36670 0.37609 0.38548

0.57091 0.56082 0.55074 0.54066 0.53058

0.91879 0.91811 0.91743 0.91675 0.91606

40 42 44 46 48

1017.1 1072.8 1130.7 1191.0 1253.6

0.0008720 0.0008786 0.0008854 0.0008924 0.0008996

0.019952 0.018855 0.017824 0.016853 0.015939

107.38 110.32 113.28 116.26 119.26

143.60 141.58 139.52 137.42 135.29

250.97 251.89 252.80 253.68 254.55

108.26 111.26 114.28 117.32 120.39

163.00 160.86 158.67 156.43 154.14

271.27 272.12 272.95 273.75 274.53

0.39486 0.40425 0.41363 0.42302 0.43242

0.52049 0.51039 0.50027 0.49012 0.47993

0.91536 0.91464 0.91391 0.91315 0.91236

52 56 60 65 70 75

1386.2 1529.1 1682.8 1891.0 2118.2 2365.8

0.0009150 0.0009317 0.0009498 0.0009750 0.0010037 0.0010372

0.014265 0.012771 0.011434 0.009950 0.008642 0.007480

125.33 131.49 137.76 145.77 154.01 162.53

130.88 126.28 121.46 115.05 108.14 100.60

256.21 257.77 259.22 260.82 262.15 263.13

126.59 132.91 139.36 147.62 156.13 164.98

149.39 144.38 139.10 132.02 124.32 115.85

275.98 277.30 278.46 279.64 280.46 280.82

0.45126 0.47018 0.48920 0.51320 0.53755 0.56241

0.45941 0.43863 0.41749 0.39039 0.36227 0.33272

0.91067 0.90880 0.90669 0.90359 0.89982 0.89512

80 85 90 95 100

2635.3 2928.2 3246.9 3594.1 3975.1

0.0010772 0.0011270 0.0011932 0.0012933 0.0015269

0.006436 0.005486 0.004599 0.003726 0.002630

171.40 180.77 190.89 202.40 218.72

92.23 82.67 71.29 56.47 29.19

263.63 263.44 262.18 258.87 247.91

174.24 184.07 194.76 207.05 224.79

106.35 95.44 82.35 65.21 33.58

280.59 279.51 277.11 272.26 258.37

0.58800 0.61473 0.64336 0.67578 0.72217

0.30111 0.26644 0.22674 0.17711 0.08999

0.88912 0.88117 0.87010 0.85289 0.81215

Fuente: Las tablas A-11 a A-13 se generaron utilizando el programa para resolver ecuaciones de ingeniería (EES) desarrollado por S. A. Klein y F. L. Alvarado. La rutina utilizada en los cálculos es la R134a, la cual está basada en la ecuación fundamental de estado desarrollada por R. Tillner-Roth y H. D. Baehr, “An Internacional Standard Formulation for the Thermodynamic Properties de 1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoretano (HFC-134a) for temperatures from 170 K to 455 K and pressures up to 70 MPa”, J. Phys. Chem, Ref. Data, vol. 23, núm. 5, 1994. Los valores de entalpía y entropía para el líquido saturado son cero a –40°C (y –40°F).

18Appendix_01 ITALICAS.qxd 927

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928

TABLAS DE PROPIEDADES, FIGURAS Y DIAGRAMAS (UNIDADES SI)

TABLA A-12 Refrigerante 134a saturado. Tabla de presión Volumen específico, m3/kg Pres., P kPa

Temp. sat., Tsat °C

Líq. sat., vf

Energía interna, kJ/kg

Vapor sat., vg

Líq. sat., uf

Vapor Evap., sat., ufg ug

Entalpía, kJ/kg Líq. sat., hf

Entropía, kJ/kg · K

Vapor Evap., sat., hfg hg

Líq. sat., sf

Evap., sfg

Vapor sat., sg

60 70 80 90 100

36.95 33.87 31.13 28.65 26.37

0.0007098 0.0007144 0.0007185 0.0007223 0.0007259

0.31121 0.26929 0.23753 0.21263 0.19254

3.798 7.680 11.15 14.31 17.21

205.32 203.20 201.30 199.57 197.98

209.12 210.88 212.46 213.88 215.19

3.841 7.730 11.21 14.37 17.28

223.95 222.00 220.25 218.65 217.16

227.79 229.73 231.46 233.02 234.44

0.01634 0.03267 0.04711 0.06008 0.07188

0.94807 0.92775 0.90999 0.89419 0.87995

0.96441 0.96042 0.95710 0.95427 0.95183

120 140 160 180 200

22.32 18.77 15.60 12.73 10.09

0.0007324 0.0007383 0.0007437 0.0007487 0.0007533

0.16212 0.14014 0.12348 0.11041 0.099867

22.40 26.98 31.09 34.83 38.28

195.11 192.57 190.27 188.16 186.21

217.51 219.54 221.35 222.99 224.48

22.49 27.08 31.21 34.97 38.43

214.48 212.08 209.90 207.90 206.03

236.97 239.16 241.11 242.86 244.46

0.09275 0.11087 0.12693 0.14139 0.15457

0.85503 0.83368 0.81496 0.79826 0.78316

0.94779 0.94456 0.94190 0.93965 0.93773

240 280 320 360 400

5.38 1.25 2.46 5.82 8.91

0.0007620 0.0007699 0.0007772 0.0007841 0.0007907

0.083897 0.072352 0.063604 0.056738 0.051201

44.48 49.97 54.92 59.44 63.62

182.67 179.50 176.61 173.94 171.45

227.14 229.46 231.52 233.38 235.07

44.66 50.18 55.16 59.72 63.94

202.62 199.54 196.71 194.08 191.62

247.28 249.72 251.88 253.81 255.55

0.17794 0.19829 0.21637 0.23270 0.24761

0.75664 0.73381 0.71369 0.69566 0.67929

0.93458 0.93210 0.93006 0.92836 0.92691

450 500 550 600 650

12.46 15.71 18.73 21.55 24.20

0.0007985 0.0008059 0.0008130 0.0008199 0.0008266

0.045619 0.041118 0.037408 0.034295 0.031646

68.45 72.93 77.10 81.02 84.72

168.54 165.82 163.25 160.81 158.48

237.00 238.75 240.35 241.83 243.20

68.81 73.33 77.54 81.51 85.26

188.71 185.98 183.38 180.90 178.51

257.53 259.30 260.92 262.40 263.77

0.26465 0.28023 0.29461 0.30799 0.32051

0.66069 0.64377 0.62821 0.61378 0.60030

0.92535 0.92400 0.92282 0.92177 0.92081

700 750 800 850

26.69 29.06 31.31 33.45

0.0008331 0.0008395 0.0008458 0.0008520

0.029361 0.027371 0.025621 0.024069

88.24 91.59 94.79 97.87

156.24 154.08 152.00 149.98

244.48 245.67 246.79 247.85

88.82 92.22 95.47 98.60

176.21 173.98 171.82 169.71

265.03 266.20 267.29 268.31

0.33230 0.34345 0.35404 0.36413

0.58763 0.57567 0.56431 0.55349

0.91994 0.91912 0.91835 0.91762

900 950 1000 1200 1400

35.51 37.48 39.37 46.29 52.40

0.0008580 0.0008641 0.0008700 0.0008934 0.0009166

0.022683 0.021438 0.020313 0.016715 0.014107

100.83 103.69 106.45 116.70 125.94

148.01 146.10 144.23 137.11 130.43

248.85 249.79 250.68 253.81 256.37

101.61 104.51 107.32 117.77 127.22

167.66 165.64 163.67 156.10 148.90

269.26 270.15 270.99 273.87 276.12

0.37377 0.38301 0.39189 0.42441 0.45315

0.54315 0.53323 0.52368 0.48863 0.45734

0.91692 0.91624 0.91558 0.91303 0.91050

1600 1800 2000 2500 3000

57.88 62.87 67.45 77.54 86.16

0.0009400 0.0009639 0.0009886 0.0010566 0.0011406

0.012123 0.010559 0.009288 0.006936 0.005275

134.43 142.33 149.78 166.99 183.04

124.04 117.83 111.73 96.47 80.22

258.47 260.17 261.51 263.45 263.26

135.93 144.07 151.76 169.63 186.46

141.93 135.11 128.33 111.16 92.63

277.86 279.17 280.09 280.79 279.09

0.47911 0.50294 0.52509 0.57531 0.62118

0.42873 0.40204 0.37675 0.31695 0.25776

0.90784 0.90498 0.90184 0.89226 0.87894

18Appendix_01 ITALICAS.qxd 928

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929

APÉNDICE 1

TABLA A-13 Refrigerante 134a sobrecalentado T °C

v m3/kg

Sat. 20 10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

0.31121 0.33608 0.35048 0.36476 0.37893 0.39302 0.40705 0.42102 0.43495 0.44883 0.46269 0.47651 0.49032 0.50410

Sat. 10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

0.11041 0.11189 0.11722 0.12240 0.12748 0.13248 0.13741 0.14230 0.14715 0.15196 0.15673 0.16149 0.16622

Sat. 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140

0.07235 0.07282 0.07646 0.07997 0.08338 0.08672 0.09000 0.09324 0.09644 0.09961 0.10275 0.10587 0.10897 0.11205 0.11512 0.11818

u kJ/kg

h kJ/kg

s kJ/kg K

P 0.06 MPa (Tsat 36.95 °C) 209.12 220.60 227.55 234.66 241.92 249.35 256.95 264.71 272.64 280.73 288.99 297.41 306.00 314.74

227.79 240.76 248.58 256.54 264.66 272.94 281.37 289.97 298.74 307.66 316.75 326.00 335.42 344.99

0.9644 1.0174 1.0477 1.0774 1.1066 1.1353 1.1636 1.1915 1.2191 1.2463 1.2732 1.2997 1.3260 1.3520

P 0.18 MPa (Tsat 12.73 °C) 222.99 225.02 232.48 240.00 247.64 255.41 263.31 271.36 279.56 287.91 296.42 305.07 313.88

242.86 245.16 253.58 262.04 270.59 279.25 288.05 296.98 306.05 315.27 324.63 334.14 343.80

0.9397 0.9484 0.9798 1.0102 1.0399 1.0690 1.0975 1.1256 1.1532 1.1805 1.2074 1.2339 1.2602

P 0.28 MPa (Tsat 1.25 °C)

18Appendix_01 ITALICAS.qxd 929

229.46 230.44 238.27 246.13 254.06 262.10 270.27 278.56 286.99 295.57 304.29 313.15 322.16 331.32 340.63 350.09

249.72 250.83 259.68 268.52 277.41 286.38 295.47 304.67 314.00 323.46 333.06 342.80 352.68 362.70 372.87 383.18

0.9321 0.9362 0.9680 0.9987 1.0285 1.0576 1.0862 1.1142 1.1418 1.1690 1.1958 1.2222 1.2483 1.2742 1.2997 1.3250

v m3/kg

u kJ/kg

h kJ/kg

s kJ/kg K

P 0.10 MPa (Tsat 26.37 °C) 0.19254 0.19841 0.20743 0.21630 0.22506 0.23373 0.24233 0.25088 0.25937 0.26783 0.27626 0.28465 0.29303 0.30138

215.19 219.66 226.75 233.95 241.30 248.79 256.44 264.25 272.22 280.35 288.64 297.08 305.69 314.46

234.44 239.50 247.49 255.58 263.81 272.17 280.68 289.34 298.16 307.13 316.26 325.55 334.99 344.60

0.9518 0.9721 1.0030 1.0332 1.0628 1.0918 1.1203 1.1484 1.1762 1.2035 1.2305 1.2572 1.2836 1.3096

P 0.20 MPa (Tsat 10.09 °C) 0.09987 0.09991 0.10481 0.10955 0.11418 0.11874 0.12322 0.12766 0.13206 0.13641 0.14074 0.14504 0.14933

224.48 224.55 232.09 239.67 247.35 255.14 263.08 271.15 279.37 287.73 296.25 304.92 313.74

244.46 244.54 253.05 261.58 270.18 278.89 287.72 296.68 305.78 315.01 324.40 333.93 343.60

0.9377 0.9380 0.9698 1.0004 1.0303 1.0595 1.0882 1.1163 1.1441 1.1714 1.1983 1.2249 1.2512

P 0.32 MPa (Tsat 2.46 °C)

v m3/kg

u kJ/kg

h kJ/kg

s kJ/kg K

P 0.14 MPa (Tsat 18.77 °C) 0.14014

219.54

239.16

0.9446

0.14605 0.15263 0.15908 0.16544 0.17172 0.17794 0.18412 0.19025 0.19635 0.20242 0.20847 0.21449

225.91 233.23 240.66 248.22 255.93 263.79 271.79 279.96 288.28 296.75 305.38 314.17

246.36 254.60 262.93 271.38 279.97 288.70 297.57 306.59 315.77 325.09 334.57 344.20

0.9724 1.0031 1.0331 1.0624 1.0912 1.1195 1.1474 1.1749 1.2020 1.2288 1.2553 1.2814

P 0.24 MPa (Tsat 5.38 °C) 0.08390

227.14

247.28

0.9346

0.08617 0.09026 0.09423 0.09812 0.10193 0.10570 0.10942 0.11310 0.11675 0.12038 0.12398

231.29 238.98 246.74 254.61 262.59 270.71 278.97 287.36 295.91 304.60 313.44

251.97 260.65 269.36 278.16 287.06 296.08 305.23 314.51 323.93 333.49 343.20

0.9519 0.9831 1.0134 1.0429 1.0718 1.1001 1.1280 1.1554 1.1825 1.2092 1.2356

P 0.40 MPa (Tsat 8.91 °C)

0.06360

231.52

251.88

0.9301

0.051201

235.07

255.55 0.9269

0.06609 0.06925 0.07231 0.07530 0.07823 0.08111 0.08395 0.08675 0.08953 0.09229 0.09503 0.09775 0.10045 0.10314

237.54 245.50 253.50 261.60 269.82 278.15 286.62 295.22 303.97 312.86 321.89 331.07 340.39 349.86

258.69 267.66 276.65 285.70 294.85 304.11 313.48 322.98 332.62 342.39 352.30 362.35 372.54 382.87

0.9544 0.9856 1.0157 1.0451 1.0739 1.1021 1.1298 1.1571 1.1840 1.2105 1.2367 1.2626 1.2882 1.3135

0.051506 0.054213 0.056796 0.059292 0.061724 0.064104 0.066443 0.068747 0.071023 0.073274 0.075504 0.077717 0.079913 0.082096

235.97 244.18 252.36 260.58 268.90 277.32 285.86 294.53 303.32 312.26 321.33 330.55 339.90 349.41

256.58 265.86 275.07 284.30 293.59 302.96 312.44 322.02 331.73 341.57 351.53 361.63 371.87 382.24

0.9305 0.9628 0.9937 1.0236 1.0528 1.0814 1.1094 1.1369 1.1640 1.1907 1.2171 1.2431 1.2688 1.2942

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930

TABLAS DE PROPIEDADES, FIGURAS Y DIAGRAMAS (UNIDADES SI)

TABLA A-13 Refrigerante 134a sobrecalentado (conclusión) T °C

v m3/kg

u kJ/kg

h kJ/kg

s kJ/kg K

P 0.50 MPa (Tsat 15.71 °C) Sat. 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160

0.041118 0.042115 0.044338 0.046456 0.048499 0.050485 0.052427 0.054331 0.056205 0.058053 0.059880 0.061687 0.063479 0.065256 0.067021 0.068775

238.75 242.40 250.84 259.26 267.72 276.25 284.89 293.64 302.51 311.50 320.63 329.89 339.29 348.83 358.51 368.33

259.30 263.46 273.01 282.48 291.96 301.50 311.10 320.80 330.61 340.53 350.57 360.73 371.03 381.46 392.02 402.72

0.9240 0.9383 0.9703 1.0011 1.0309 1.0599 1.0883 1.1162 1.1436 1.1705 1.1971 1.2233 1.2491 1.2747 1.2999 1.3249

P 0.80 MPa (Tsat 31.31 °C) Sat. 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180

0.025621 0.027035 0.028547 0.029973 0.031340 0.032659 0.033941 0.035193 0.036420 0.037625 0.038813 0.039985 0.041143 0.042290 0.043427 0.044554

246.79 254.82 263.86 272.83 281.81 290.84 299.95 309.15 318.45 327.87 337.40 347.06 356.85 366.76 376.81 386.99

267.29 276.45 286.69 296.81 306.88 316.97 327.10 337.30 347.59 357.97 368.45 379.05 389.76 400.59 411.55 422.64

0.9183 0.9480 0.9802 1.0110 1.0408 1.0698 1.0981 1.1258 1.1530 1.1798 1.2061 1.2321 1.2577 1.2830 1.3080 1.3327

P 1.20 MPa (Tsat 46.29 °C) Sat. 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180

0.016715 0.017201 0.018404 0.019502 0.020529 0.021506 0.022442 0.023348 0.024228 0.025086 0.025927 0.026753 0.027566 0.028367 0.029158

18Appendix_01 ITALICAS.qxd 930

253.81 257.63 267.56 277.21 286.75 296.26 305.80 315.38 325.03 334.77 344.61 354.56 364.61 374.78 385.08

273.87 278.27 289.64 300.61 311.39 322.07 332.73 343.40 354.11 364.88 375.72 386.66 397.69 408.82 420.07

0.9130 0.9267 0.9614 0.9938 1.0248 1.0546 1.0836 1.1118 1.1394 1.1664 1.1930 1.2192 1.2449 1.2703 1.2954

v m3/kg

u kJ/kg

h kJ/kg

s kJ/kg K

P 0.60 MPa (Tsat 21.55 °C)

v m3/kg

u kJ/kg

h s kJ/kg kJ/kg K

P 0.70 MPa (Tsat 26.69 °C)

0.034295

241.83

262.40

0.9218

0.029361

244.48

265.03

0.9199

0.035984 0.037865 0.039659 0.041389 0.043069 0.044710 0.046318 0.047900 0.049458 0.050997 0.052519 0.054027 0.055522 0.057006

249.22 257.86 266.48 275.15 283.89 292.73 301.67 310.73 319.91 329.23 338.67 348.25 357.96 367.81

270.81 280.58 290.28 299.98 309.73 319.55 329.46 339.47 349.59 359.82 370.18 380.66 391.27 402.01

0.9499 0.9816 1.0121 1.0417 1.0705 1.0987 1.1264 1.1536 1.1803 1.2067 1.2327 1.2584 1.2838 1.3088

0.029966 0.031696 0.033322 0.034875 0.036373 0.037829 0.039250 0.040642 0.042010 0.043358 0.044688 0.046004 0.047306 0.048597

247.48 256.39 265.20 274.01 282.87 291.80 300.82 309.95 319.19 328.55 338.04 347.66 357.41 367.29

268.45 278.57 288.53 298.42 308.33 318.28 328.29 338.40 348.60 358.90 369.32 379.86 390.52 401.31

0.9313 0.9641 0.9954 1.0256 1.0549 1.0835 1.1114 1.1389 1.1658 1.1924 1.2186 1.2444 1.2699 1.2951

P 0.90 MPa (Tsat 35.51 °C) 0.022683 0.023375 0.024809 0.026146 0.027413 0.028630 0.029806 0.030951 0.032068 0.033164 0.034241 0.035302 0.036349 0.037384 0.038408 0.039423

248.85 253.13 262.44 271.60 280.72 289.86 299.06 308.34 317.70 327.18 336.76 346.46 356.28 366.23 376.31 386.52

269.26 274.17 284.77 295.13 305.39 315.63 325.89 336.19 346.56 357.02 367.58 378.23 389.00 399.88 410.88 422.00

0.9169 0.9327 0.9660 0.9976 1.0280 1.0574 1.0860 1.1140 1.1414 1.1684 1.1949 1.2210 1.2467 1.2721 1.2972 1.3221

P 1.40 MPa (Tsat 52.40 °C)

P 1.00 MPa (Tsat 39.37 °C) 0.020313 0.020406 0.021796 0.023068 0.024261 0.025398 0.026492 0.027552 0.028584 0.029592 0.030581 0.031554 0.032512 0.033457 0.034392 0.035317

250.68 251.30 260.94 270.32 279.59 288.86 298.15 307.51 316.94 326.47 336.11 345.85 355.71 365.70 375.81 386.04

270.99 271.71 282.74 293.38 303.85 314.25 324.64 335.06 345.53 356.06 366.69 377.40 388.22 399.15 410.20 421.36

0.9156 0.9179 0.9525 0.9850 1.0160 1.0458 1.0748 1.1031 1.1308 1.1580 1.1846 1.2109 1.2368 1.2623 1.2875 1.3124

P 1.60 MPa (Tsat 57.88 °C)

0.014107

256.37

276.12

0.9105

0.012123

258.47

277.86

0.9078

0.015005 0.016060 0.017023 0.017923 0.018778 0.019597 0.020388 0.021155 0.021904 0.022636 0.023355 0.024061 0.024757

264.46 274.62 284.51 294.28 304.01 313.76 323.55 333.41 343.34 353.37 363.51 373.75 384.10

285.47 297.10 308.34 319.37 330.30 341.19 352.09 363.02 374.01 385.07 396.20 407.43 418.76

0.9389 0.9733 1.0056 1.0364 1.0661 1.0949 1.1230 1.1504 1.1773 1.2038 1.2298 1.2554 1.2807

0.012372 0.013430 0.014362 0.015215 0.016014 0.016773 0.017500 0.018201 0.018882 0.019545 0.020194 0.020830 0.021456

260.89 271.76 282.09 292.17 302.14 312.07 322.02 332.00 342.05 352.17 362.38 372.69 383.11

280.69 293.25 305.07 316.52 327.76 338.91 350.02 361.12 372.26 383.44 394.69 406.02 417.44

0.9163 0.9535 0.9875 1.0194 1.0500 1.0795 1.1081 1.1360 1.1632 1.1900 1.2163 1.2421 1.2676

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931

APÉNDICE 1

00 95 0 90 0 85 0 80 0

400

10

0

110

0

350

105

115

0

1250

kg/m 3

300

1200

1350

250

1300

1450

200

1400

10

150

1500

100 20

450

500

550

600

650

700 300

400

0 70

00

6

0 50

Densidad

10

/m3

= 200 kg

160

100

120

60

R-134a

2 40

24

1

16 12

0.4

8

0.4

2.4 8

2.4 0

2 2.3

2.2 4

8 2.0

s=

2.00

1.92

1.76

1.84

1.60

1.68

1.52

1.36

1.44

1.28

1.12

1.20

0.96

0.80

0.72

o satu rado

0.1

350

550

600

300

280

260

240

650

2.7 2

2.6 4

2.5 6 s=

8

500

0.04

0.6

2.4

400 450 Entalpía, kJ/kg

220

200

180

T = 160° 160°C 160 °C

140

120

100

80

60

40

20

0

–20

–40

satura do vapor

300

0.8

0.4

0.9

0.8

0.7

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

.5

250

0.6

–60

200

X=0

0.64

2.4

1.2

0.02

150

0.2

1.6

líquid

0.04

0.01 100

4 3.2

–40

0.1

1.04

–20

0.2

2.1 6k J/k g K

6

0.88

Presión, MPa

2

32

20

T = 0°C 0°C 0°

1

4

90 70 60 50 40

80

4

750 20

700

0.02

0.3

0.01 750

FIGURA A-14 Diagrama P-h para el refrigerante 134a.

Nota: El punto de referencia utilizado para la gráfica es diferente al empleado en las tablas de R-134a. Por lo tanto, los problemas deberán resolverse utilizando todos los datos de propiedades obtenidos, ya sea de las tablas o de la gráfica, pero no de ambas.

Reimpreso con autorización de la American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc., Atlanta, Georgia.

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TABLAS DE PROPIEDADES, FIGURAS Y DIAGRAMAS (UNIDADES SI) a) Presiones bajas, 0 < PR < 1.0 TR = 5.00 3.00

1.0 0.7 0.60 0.60

8.00 .00 6

5.00

2.00

4.00 3.50

0.

75 0

3.00 2.60 2.40 .20 2 2.00 1.80

0.9

0.8

0

1.60

1.40

1.60 .50 1 1.40 1.30

0.8

5 0.9

Pv RT

0

1.20

1.20 1.15

1.10

1.00 TR = 2.5 Z 1.00 TR = 15 TR = 3.00

NOTA

0.7

0.90

0.9

v R=

T Tcr

Z

Gráfica núm.

1

TR = —– v

0.95

0.95 0.90

20 15

0.85 12

10

70 0.

VOLUMEN PSEUDORREDUCIDO, v = ––—––– R

RTcr / Pcr

0.4

0.90 0.00

0 1.

TEMPERATURA REDUCIDA,

0.65

0.5

0.7

T

2.00 1.60 1.40 1.20 1.10 1.05 1.00

30

0.60

P P = —– R Pcr

PRESIÓN REDUCIDA,

1.00

=

GRÁFICA GENERALIZADA DE COMPRESIBILIDAD DE NELSON-OBERT

0.6

1.10 0.80 1.0 5

5

---DESVIACIÓN > 1.0%

R

FACTOR DE COMPRESIBILIDAD, Z = —–

0.8

1.30

0.80

vRr

0.75 0.10

0.05

PR

1953

0.3 0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1.0

PRESIÓN REDUCIDA, P

R

b) Presiones intermedias, 0 < PR < 7 3.50

1.10 TR = 5.00 00

00 60 1.40 1.

20 1.

1.80

2.

0.90

0

Pv RT

FACTOR DE COMPRESIBILIDAD, Z = —–

2.50 2.00

00

3.

35.

1.00

0 1.0 80 7 0 0 .9 0. 0.

1.60

0 0.6

0.80

.50 =0 v R 0.45 0 0.4 5 0.3

1.50 1.40

0 0.3 1.30 0.25

0.70

0.60

.20 =0 vR

1.20 0.50

GRÁFICA GENERALIZADA DE COMPRESIBILIDAD DE NELSON-OBERT

1.15 1.10

0.40

PRESIÓN REDUCIDA,

P PR = —– Pcr

TEMPERATURA REDUCIDA,

v VOLUMEN PSEUDORREDUCIDO, v = —– R RTcr / Pcr

1.05 0.30

0.5

1.0

Gráfica núm.

2

1953

TR = 1.00 0.20 0.0

T TR = —– Tcr

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

5.0

5.5

6.0

6.5

7.0

PRESIÓN REDUCIDA, P

R

FIGURA A-15 Carta generalizada de compresibilidad de Nelson-Obert.

Con autorización del doctor Edward E. Obert, Universidad de Wisconsin.

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APÉNDICE 1

TABLA A-16 Propiedades de la atmósfera a gran altitud Altitud, m

Temperatura, °C

Presión, kPa

Gravedad g, m/s2

Velocidad del sonido, m/s

Densidad, kg/m3

Viscosidad m, kg/m · s

Conductividad térmica, W/m · K

0 200 400 600 800

15.00 13.70 12.40 11.10 9.80

101.33 98.95 96.61 94.32 92.08

9.807 9.806 9.805 9.805 9.804

340.3 339.5 338.8 338.0 337.2

1.225 1.202 1.179 1.156 1.134

1.789 1.783 1.777 1.771 1.764

10 5 10 5 10 5 10 5 10 5

0.0253 0.0252 0.0252 0.0251 0.0250

1000 1200 1400 1600 1800

8.50 7.20 5.90 4.60 3.30

89.88 87.72 85.60 83.53 81.49

9.804 9.803 9.802 9.802 9.801

336.4 335.7 334.9 334.1 333.3

1.112 1.090 1.069 1.048 1.027

1.758 1.752 1.745 1.739 1.732

10 5 10 5 10 5 10 5 10 5

0.0249 0.0248 0.0247 0.0245 0.0244

2000 2200 2400 2600 2800

2.00 0.70 0.59 1.89 3.19

79.50 77.55 75.63 73.76 71.92

9.800 9.800 9.799 9.799 9.798

332.5 331.7 331.0 330.2 329.4

1.007 0.987 0.967 0.947 0.928

1.726 1.720 1.713 1.707 1.700

10 5 10 5 10 5 10 5 10 5

0.0243 0.0242 0.0241 0.0240 0.0239

3000 3200 3400 3600 3800

4.49 5.79 7.09 8.39 9.69

70.12 68.36 66.63 64.94 63.28

9.797 9.797 9.796 9.796 9.795

328.6 327.8 327.0 326.2 325.4

0.909 0.891 0.872 0.854 0.837

1.694 1.687 1.681 1.674 1.668

10 5 10 5 10 5 10 5 10 5

0.0238 0.0237 0.0236 0.0235 0.0234

4000 4200 4400 4600 4800

10.98 12.3 13.6 14.9 16.2

61.66 60.07 58.52 57.00 55.51

9.794 9.794 9.793 9.793 9.792

324.6 323.8 323.0 322.2 321.4

0.819 0.802 0.785 0.769 0.752

1.661 1.655 1.648 1.642 1.635

10 5 10 5 10 5 10 5 10 5

0.0233 0.0232 0.0231 0.0230 0.0229

5000 5200 5400 5600 5800

17.5 18.8 20.1 21.4 22.7

54.05 52.62 51.23 49.86 48.52

9.791 9.791 9.790 9.789 9.785

320.5 319.7 318.9 318.1 317.3

0.736 0.721 0.705 0.690 0.675

1.628 1.622 1.615 1.608 1.602

10 5 10 5 10 5 10 5 10 5

0.0228 0.0227 0.0226 0.0224 0.0223

6000 6200 6400 6600 6800

24.0 25.3 26.6 27.9 29.2

47.22 45.94 44.69 43.47 42.27

9.788 9.788 9.787 9.786 9.785

316.5 315.6 314.8 314.0 313.1

0.660 0.646 0.631 0.617 0.604

1.595 1.588 1.582 1.575 1.568

10 5 10 5 10 5 10 5 10 5

0.0222 0.0221 0.0220 0.0219 0.0218

7000 8000 9000

30.5 36.9 43.4

41.11 35.65 30.80

9.785 9.782 9.779

312.3 308.1 303.8

0.590 0.526 0.467

1.561 10 5 1.527 10 5 1.493 10 5

0.0217 0.0212 0.0206

10,000 12,000 14,000 16,000 18,000

49.9 56.5 56.5 56.5 56.5

26.50 19.40 14.17 10.53 7.57

9.776 9.770 9.764 9.758 9.751

299.5 295.1 295.1 295.1 295.1

0.414 0.312 0.228 0.166 0.122

1.458 1.422 1.422 1.422 1.422

10 5 10 5 10 5 10 5 10 5

0.0201 0.0195 0.0195 0.0195 0.0195

Fuente: U.S. Standard Atmosphere Supplements. Oficina de Impresiones del Gobierno de Estados Unidos, 1966. Basadas en las condiciones medias anuales a una latitud de 45° y una variación de acuerdo con la época del año y con los patrones del clima. Las condiciones al nivel del mar (z = 0) se consideran como P = 101.325 kPa, T = 15°C, r = 1.2250 kg/m3, g = 9.80665 m2/s .

18Appendix_01 ITALICAS.qxd 933

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TABLAS DE PROPIEDADES, FIGURAS Y DIAGRAMAS (UNIDADES SI)

TABLA A-17 Propiedades de gas ideal del aire T K

h kJ/kg

Pr

u kJ/kg

vr

s° kJ/kg · K

T K

h kJ/kg

Pr

u kJ/kg

vr

s° kJ/kg · K

200 210 220 230 240

199.97 209.97 219.97 230.02 240.02

0.3363 0.3987 0.4690 0.5477 0.6355

142.56 149.69 156.82 164.00 171.13

1707.0 1512.0 1346.0 1205.0 1084.0

1.29559 1.34444 1.39105 1.43557 1.47824

580 590 600 610 620

586.04 596.52 607.02 617.53 628.07

14.38 15.31 16.28 17.30 18.36

419.55 427.15 434.78 442.42 450.09

115.7 110.6 105.8 101.2 96.92

2.37348 2.39140 2.40902 2.42644 2.44356

250 260 270 280 285

250.05 260.09 270.11 280.13 285.14

0.7329 0.8405 0.9590 1.0889 1.1584

178.28 185.45 192.60 199.75 203.33

979.0 887.8 808.0 738.0 706.1

1.51917 1.55848 1.59634 1.63279 1.65055

630 640 650 660 670

638.63 649.22 659.84 670.47 681.14

19.84 20.64 21.86 23.13 24.46

457.78 465.50 473.25 481.01 488.81

92.84 88.99 85.34 81.89 78.61

2.46048 2.47716 2.49364 2.50985 2.52589

290 295 298 300 305

290.16 295.17 298.18 300.19 305.22

1.2311 1.3068 1.3543 1.3860 1.4686

206.91 210.49 212.64 214.07 217.67

676.1 647.9 631.9 621.2 596.0

1.66802 1.68515 1.69528 1.70203 1.71865

680 690 700 710 720

691.82 702.52 713.27 724.04 734.82

25.85 27.29 28.80 30.38 32.02

496.62 504.45 512.33 520.23 528.14

75.50 72.56 69.76 67.07 64.53

2.54175 2.55731 2.57277 2.58810 2.60319

310 315 320 325 330

310.24 315.27 320.29 325.31 330.34

1.5546 1.6442 1.7375 1.8345 1.9352

221.25 224.85 228.42 232.02 235.61

572.3 549.8 528.6 508.4 489.4

1.73498 1.75106 1.76690 1.78249 1.79783

730 740 750 760 780

745.62 756.44 767.29 778.18 800.03

33.72 35.50 37.35 39.27 43.35

536.07 544.02 551.99 560.01 576.12

62.13 59.82 57.63 55.54 51.64

2.61803 2.63280 2.64737 2.66176 2.69013

340 350 360 370 380

340.42 350.49 360.58 370.67 380.77

2.149 2.379 2.626 2.892 3.176

242.82 250.02 257.24 264.46 271.69

454.1 422.2 393.4 367.2 343.4

1.82790 1.85708 1.88543 1.91313 1.94001

800 820 840 860 880

821.95 843.98 866.08 888.27 910.56

47.75 52.59 57.60 63.09 68.98

592.30 608.59 624.95 641.40 657.95

48.08 44.84 41.85 39.12 36.61

2.71787 2.74504 2.77170 2.79783 2.82344

390 400 410 420 430

390.88 400.98 411.12 421.26 431.43

3.481 3.806 4.153 4.522 4.915

278.93 286.16 293.43 300.69 307.99

321.5 301.6 283.3 266.6 251.1

1.96633 1.99194 2.01699 2.04142 2.06533

900 920 940 960 980

932.93 955.38 977.92 1000.55 1023.25

75.29 82.05 89.28 97.00 105.2

674.58 691.28 708.08 725.02 741.98

34.31 32.18 30.22 28.40 26.73

2.84856 2.87324 2.89748 2.92128 2.94468

440 450 460 470 480

441.61 451.80 462.02 472.24 482.49

5.332 5.775 6.245 6.742 7.268

315.30 322.62 329.97 337.32 344.70

236.8 223.6 211.4 200.1 189.5

2.08870 2.11161 2.13407 2.15604 2.17760

1000 1020 1040 1060 1080

1046.04 1068.89 1091.85 1114.86 1137.89

114.0 123.4 133.3 143.9 155.2

758.94 776.10 793.36 810.62 827.88

25.17 23.72 23.29 21.14 19.98

2.96770 2.99034 3.01260 3.03449 3.05608

490 500 510 520 530

492.74 503.02 513.32 523.63 533.98

7.824 8.411 9.031 9.684 10.37

352.08 359.49 366.92 374.36 381.84

179.7 170.6 162.1 154.1 146.7

2.19876 2.21952 2.23993 2.25997 2.27967

1100 1120 1140 1160 1180

1161.07 1184.28 1207.57 1230.92 1254.34

167.1 179.7 193.1 207.2 222.2

845.33 862.79 880.35 897.91 915.57

18.896 17.886 16.946 16.064 15.241

3.07732 3.09825 3.11883 3.13916 3.15916

540 550 560 570

544.35 555.74 565.17 575.59

11.10 11.86 12.66 13.50

389.34 396.86 404.42 411.97

139.7 133.1 127.0 121.2

2.29906 2.31809 2.33685 2.35531

1200 1220 1240

1277.79 1301.31 1324.93

238.0 254.7 272.3

933.33 951.09 968.95

14.470 13.747 13.069

3.17888 3.19834 3.21751

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APÉNDICE 1

TABLA A-17 Propiedades de gas ideal del aire (conclusión) T K

h kJ/kg

Pr

u kJ/kg

vr

s° kJ/kg · K

T K

h kJ/kg

1260 1280

1348.55 1372.24

290.8 310.4

986.90 1004.76

12.435 3.23638 11.835 3.25510

1600 1757.57 1620 1782.00

1300 1320 1340 1360 1380

1395.97 1419.76 1443.60 1467.49 1491.44

330.9 352.5 375.3 399.1 424.2

1022.82 1040.88 1058.94 1077.10 1095.26

11.275 10.747 10.247 9.780 9.337

3.27345 3.29160 3.30959 3.32724 3.34474

1640 1660 1680 1700 1750

1806.46 878.9 1830.96 925.6 1855.50 974.2 1880.1 1025 1941.6 1161

1335.72 1354.48 1373.24 1392.7 1439.8

5.355 5.147 4.949 4.761 4.328

3.55381 3.56867 3.58335 3.5979 3.6336

1400 1420 1440 1460 1480

1515.42 1539.44 1563.51 1587.63 1611.79

450.5 478.0 506.9 537.1 568.8

1113.52 1131.77 1150.13 1168.49 1186.95

8.919 8.526 8.153 7.801 7.468

3.36200 3.37901 3.39586 3.41247 3.42892

1800 1850 1900 1950 2000

2003.3 2065.3 2127.4 2189.7 2252.1

1310 1475 1655 1852 2068

1487.2 1534.9 1582.6 1630.6 1678.7

3.994 3.601 3.295 3.022 2.776

3.6684 3.7023 3.7354 3.7677 3.7994

1500 1520 1540 1560 1580

1635.97 1660.23 1684.51 1708.82 1733.17

601.9 636.5 672.8 710.5 750.0

1205.41 1223.87 1242.43 1260.99 1279.65

7.152 6.854 6.569 6.301 6.046

3.44516 3.46120 3.47712 3.49276 3.50829

2050 2100 2150 2200 2250

2314.6 2377.7 2440.3 2503.2 2566.4

2303 2559 2837 3138 3464

1726.8 1775.3 1823.8 1872.4 1921.3

2.555 2.356 2.175 2.012 1.864

3.8303 3.8605 3.8901 3.9191 3.9474

Pr

u kJ/kg

vr

791.2 1298.30 5.804 834.1 1316.96 5.574

s° kJ/kg · K 3.52364 3.53879

Nota: Las propiedades Pr (presión relativa) y vr (volumen específico relativo) son cantidades adimensionales utilizadas en el análisis de procesos isentrópicos y no deben confundirse con las propiedades de presión y volumen específico.

Fuente: Kenneth Wark, Thermodynamics, cuarta edición, Nueva York, McGraw-Hill, 1983, pp. 785-786, Tabla A-5. Publicada originalmente en J. H. Keenan y J. Kaye, Gas Tables, Nueva York, John Wiley & Sons, 1948.

18Appendix_01 ITALICAS.qxd 935

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TABLAS DE PROPIEDADES, FIGURAS Y DIAGRAMAS (UNIDADES SI)

TABLA A-18 Propiedades de gas ideal del nitrógeno, N2 _ _ T h u K kJ/kmol kJ/kmol

_ s° kJ/kmol · K

T K

_ h kJ/kmol

_ u kJ/kmol

_ s° kJ/kmol · K

0 220 230 240 250

0 6,391 6,683 6,975 7,266

0 4,562 4,770 4,979 5,188

0 182.639 183.938 185.180 186.370

600 610 620 630 640

17,563 17,864 18,166 18,468 18,772

12,574 12,792 13,011 13,230 13,450

212.066 212.564 213.055 213.541 214.018

260 270 280 290 298

7,558 7,849 8,141 8,432 8,669

5,396 5,604 5,813 6,021 6,190

187.514 188.614 189.673 190.695 191.502

650 660 670 680 690

19,075 19,380 19,685 19,991 20,297

13,671 13,892 14,114 14,337 14,560

214.489 214.954 215.413 215.866 216.314

300 310 320 330 340

8,723 9,014 9,306 9,597 9,888

6,229 6,437 6,645 6,853 7,061

191.682 192.638 193.562 194.459 195.328

700 710 720 730 740

20,604 20,912 21,220 21,529 21,839

14,784 15,008 15,234 15,460 15,686

216.756 217.192 217.624 218.059 218.472

350 360 370 380 390

10,180 10,471 10,763 11,055 11,347

7,270 7,478 7,687 7,895 8,104

196.173 196.995 197.794 198.572 199.331

750 760 770 780 790

22,149 22,460 22,772 23,085 23,398

15,913 16,141 16,370 16,599 16,830

218.889 219.301 219.709 220.113 220.512

400 410 420 430 440

11,640 11,932 12,225 12,518 12,811

8,314 8,523 8,733 8,943 9,153

200.071 200.794 201.499 202.189 202.863

800 810 820 830 840

23,714 24,027 24,342 24,658 24,974

17,061 17,292 17,524 17,757 17,990

220.907 221.298 221.684 222.067 222.447

450 460 470 480 490

13,105 13,399 13,693 13,988 14,285

9,363 9,574 9,786 9,997 10,210

203.523 204.170 204.803 205.424 206.033

850 860 870 880 890

25,292 25,610 25,928 26,248 26,568

18,224 18,459 18,695 18,931 19,168

222.822 223.194 223.562 223.927 224.288

500 510 520 530 540

14,581 14,876 15,172 15,469 15,766

10,423 10,635 10,848 11,062 11,277

206.630 207.216 207.792 208.358 208.914

900 910 920 930 940

26,890 27,210 27,532 27,854 28,178

19,407 19,644 19,883 20,122 20,362

224.647 225.002 225.353 225.701 226.047

550 560 570 580 590

16,064 16,363 16,662 16,962 17,262

11,492 11,707 11,923 12,139 12,356

209.461 209.999 210.528 211.049 211.562

950 960 970 980 990

28,501 28,826 29,151 29,476 29,803

20,603 20,844 21,086 21,328 21,571

226.389 226.728 227.064 227.398 227.728

18Appendix_01 ITALICAS.qxd 936

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937

APÉNDICE 1

TABLA A-18 Propiedades de gas ideal del nitrógeno, N2 (conclusión) _ _ _ T h u s° K kJ/kmol kJ/kmol kJ/kmol · K

T K

_ h kJ/kmol

_ u kJ/kmol

_ s° kJ/kmol · K

1000 1020 1040 1060 1080

30,129 30,784 31,442 32,101 32,762

21,815 22,304 22,795 23,288 23,782

228.057 228.706 229.344 229.973 230.591

1760 1780 1800 1820 1840

56,227 56,938 57,651 58,363 59,075

41,594 42,139 42,685 43,231 43,777

247.396 247.798 248.195 248.589 248.979

1100 1120 1140 1160 1180

33,426 34,092 34,760 35,430 36,104

24,280 24,780 25,282 25,786 26,291

231.199 231.799 232.391 232.973 233.549

1860 1880 1900 1920 1940

59,790 60,504 61,220 61,936 62,654

44,324 44,873 45,423 45,973 46,524

249.365 249.748 250.128 250.502 250.874

1200 1220 1240 1260 1280

36,777 37,452 38,129 38,807 39,488

26,799 27,308 27,819 28,331 28,845

234.115 234.673 235.223 235.766 236.302

1960 1980 2000 2050 2100

63,381 64,090 64,810 66,612 68,417

47,075 47,627 48,181 49,567 50,957

251.242 251.607 251.969 252.858 253.726

1300 1320 1340 1360 1380

40,170 40,853 41,539 42,227 42,915

29,361 29,378 30,398 30,919 31,441

236.831 237.353 237.867 238.376 238.878

2150 2200 2250 2300 2350

70,226 72,040 73,856 75,676 77,496

52,351 53,749 55,149 56,553 57,958

254.578 255.412 256.227 257.027 257.810

1400 1420 1440 1460 1480

43,605 44,295 44,988 45,682 46,377

31,964 32,489 33,014 33,543 34,071

239.375 239.865 240.350 240.827 241.301

2400 2450 2500 2550 2600

79,320 81,149 82,981 84,814 86,650

59,366 60,779 62,195 63,613 65,033

258.580 259.332 260.073 260.799 261.512

1500 1520 1540 1560 1580

47,073 47,771 48,470 49,168 49,869

34,601 35,133 35,665 36,197 36,732

241.768 242.228 242.685 243.137 243.585

2650 2700 2750 2800 2850

88,488 90,328 92,171 94,014 95,859

66,455 67,880 69,306 70,734 72,163

262.213 262.902 263.577 264.241 264.895

1600 1620 1640 1660 1680

50,571 51,275 51,980 52,686 53,393

37,268 37,806 38,344 38,884 39,424

244.028 244.464 244.896 245.324 245.747

2900 2950 3000 3050 3100

97,705 99,556 101,407 103,260 105,115

73,593 75,028 76,464 77,902 79,341

265.538 266.170 266.793 267.404 268.007

1700 1720 1740

54,099 54,807 55,516

39,965 40,507 41,049

246.166 246.580 246.990

3150 3200 3250

106,972 108,830 110,690

80,782 82,224 83,668

268.601 269.186 269.763

Fuente: Las tablas A-18 a A-25 fueron adaptadas de Kenneth Wark, Thermodynamics, 4a. ed., Nueva York, McGraw-Hill, 1983, pp. 787-798. Publicadas originalmente en JANAF, Thermochemical Tables, NSRDS-NBS-37, 1971.

18Appendix_01 ITALICAS.qxd 937

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938

TABLAS DE PROPIEDADES, FIGURAS Y DIAGRAMAS (UNIDADES SI)

TABLA A-19 Propiedades de gas ideal del oxígeno, O2 _ _ T h u K kJ/kmol kJ/kmol

_ s° kJ/kmol · K

T K

_ h kJ/kmol

_ u kJ/kmol

_ s° kJ/kmol · K

0 220 230 240 250

0 6,404 6,694 6,984 7,275

0 4,575 4,782 4,989 5,197

0 196.171 197.461 198.696 199.885

600 610 620 630 640

17,929 18,250 18,572 18,895 19,219

12,940 13,178 13,417 13,657 13,898

226.346 226.877 227.400 227.918 228.429

260 270 280 290 298

7,566 7,858 8,150 8,443 8,682

5,405 5,613 5,822 6,032 6,203

201.027 202.128 203.191 204.218 205.033

650 660 670 680 690

19,544 19,870 20,197 20,524 20,854

14,140 14,383 14,626 14,871 15,116

228.932 229.430 229.920 230.405 230.885

300 310 320 330 340

8,736 9,030 9,325 9,620 9,916

6,242 6,453 6,664 6,877 7,090

205.213 206.177 207.112 208.020 208.904

700 710 720 730 740

21,184 21,514 21,845 22,177 22,510

15,364 15,611 15,859 16,107 16,357

231.358 231.827 232.291 232.748 233.201

350 360 370 380 390

10,213 10,511 10,809 11,109 11,409

7,303 7,518 7,733 7,949 8,166

209.765 210.604 211.423 212.222 213.002

750 760 770 780 790

22,844 23,178 23,513 23,850 24,186

16,607 16,859 17,111 17,364 17,618

233.649 234.091 234.528 234.960 235.387

400 410 420 430 440

11,711 12,012 12,314 12,618 12,923

8,384 8,603 8,822 9,043 9,264

213.765 214.510 215.241 215.955 216.656

800 810 820 830 840

24,523 24,861 25,199 25,537 25,877

17,872 18,126 18,382 18,637 18,893

235.810 236.230 236.644 237.055 237.462

450 460 470 480 490

13,228 13,525 13,842 14,151 14,460

9,487 9,710 9,935 10,160 10,386

217.342 218.016 218.676 219.326 219.963

850 860 870 880 890

26,218 26,559 26,899 27,242 27,584

19,150 19,408 19,666 19,925 20,185

237.864 238.264 238.660 239.051 239.439

500 510 520 530 540

14,770 15,082 15,395 15,708 16,022

10,614 10,842 11,071 11,301 11,533

220.589 221.206 221.812 222.409 222.997

900 910 920 930 940

27,928 28,272 28,616 28,960 29,306

20,445 20,706 20,967 21,228 21,491

239.823 240.203 240.580 240.953 241.323

550 560 570 580 590

16,338 16,654 16,971 17,290 17,609

11,765 11,998 12,232 12,467 12,703

223.576 224.146 224.708 225.262 225.808

950 960 970 980 990

29,652 29,999 30,345 30,692 31,041

21,754 22,017 22,280 22,544 22,809

241.689 242.052 242.411 242.768 242.120

18Appendix_01 ITALICAS.qxd 938

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939

APÉNDICE 1

TABLA A-19 Propiedades de gas ideal del oxígeno, O2 (conclusión) _ _ _ T h u s° K kJ/kmol kJ/kmol kJ/kmol · K

T K

_ h kJ/kmol

_ u kJ/kmol

_ s° kJ/kmol · K

1000 1020 1040 1060 1080

31,389 32,088 32,789 33,490 34,194

23,075 23,607 24,142 24,677 25,214

243.471 244.164 244.844 245.513 246.171

1760 1780 1800 1820 1840

58,880 59,624 60,371 61,118 61,866

44,247 44,825 45,405 45,986 46,568

263.861 264.283 264.701 265.113 265.521

1100 1120 1140 1160 1180

34,899 35,606 36,314 37,023 37,734

25,753 26,294 26,836 27,379 27,923

246.818 247.454 248.081 248.698 249.307

1860 1880 1900 1920 1940

62,616 63,365 64,116 64,868 65,620

47,151 47,734 48,319 48,904 49,490

265.925 266.326 266.722 267.115 267.505

1200 1220 1240 1260 1280

38,447 39,162 39,877 40,594 41,312

28,469 29,018 29,568 30,118 30,670

249.906 250.497 251.079 251.653 252.219

1960 1980 2000 2050 2100

66,374 67,127 67,881 69,772 71,668

50,078 50,665 51,253 52,727 54,208

267.891 268.275 268.655 269.588 270.504

1300 1320 1340 1360 1380

42,033 42,753 43,475 44,198 44,923

31,224 31,778 32,334 32,891 33,449

252.776 253.325 253.868 254.404 254.932

2150 2200 2250 2300 2350

73,573 75,484 77,397 79,316 81,243

55,697 57,192 58,690 60,193 61,704

271.399 272.278 273.136 273.891 274.809

1400 1420 1440 1460 1480

45,648 46,374 47,102 47,831 48,561

34,008 34,567 35,129 35,692 36,256

255.454 255.968 256.475 256.978 257.474

2400 2450 2500 2550 2600

83,174 85,112 87,057 89,004 90,956

63,219 64,742 66,271 67,802 69,339

275.625 276.424 277.207 277.979 278.738

1500 1520 1540 1560 1580

49,292 50,024 50,756 51,490 52,224

36,821 37,387 37,952 38,520 39,088

257.965 258.450 258.928 259.402 259.870

2650 2700 2750 2800 2850

92,916 94,881 96,852 98,826 100,808

70,883 72,433 73,987 75,546 77,112

279.485 280.219 280.942 281.654 282.357

1600 1620 1640 1660 1680

52,961 53,696 54,434 55,172 55,912

39,658 40,227 40,799 41,370 41,944

260.333 260.791 261.242 261.690 262.132

2900 2950 3000 3050 3100

102,793 104,785 106,780 108,778 110,784

78,682 80,258 81,837 83,419 85,009

283.048 283.728 284.399 285.060 285.713

1700 1720 1740

56,652 57,394 58,136

42,517 43,093 43,669

262.571 263.005 263.435

3150 3200 3250

112,795 114,809 116,827

86,601 88,203 89,804

286.355 286.989 287.614

18Appendix_01 ITALICAS.qxd 939

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940

TABLAS DE PROPIEDADES, FIGURAS Y DIAGRAMAS (UNIDADES SI)

TABLA A-20 Propiedades de gas ideal del dióxido de carbono, CO2 _ _ _ T h u s° K kJ/kmol kJ/kmol kJ/kmol · K

T K

_ h kJ/kmol

_ u kJ/kmol

_ s° kJ/kmol · K

0 220 230 240 250

0 6,601 6,938 7,280 7,627

0 4,772 5,026 5,285 5,548

0 202.966 204.464 205.920 207.337

600 610 620 630 640

22,280 22,754 23,231 23,709 24,190

17,291 17,683 18,076 18,471 18,869

243.199 243.983 244.758 245.524 246.282

260 270 280 290 298

7,979 8,335 8,697 9,063 9,364

5,817 6,091 6,369 6,651 6,885

208.717 210.062 211.376 212.660 213.685

650 660 670 680 690

24,674 25,160 25,648 26,138 26,631

19,270 19,672 20,078 20,484 20,894

247.032 247.773 248.507 249.233 249.952

300 310 320 330 340

9,431 9,807 10,186 10,570 10,959

6,939 7,230 7,526 7,826 8,131

213.915 215.146 216.351 217.534 218.694

700 710 720 730 740

27,125 27,622 28,121 28,622 29,124

21,305 21,719 22,134 22,522 22,972

250.663 251.368 252.065 252.755 253.439

350 360 370 380 390

11,351 11,748 12,148 12,552 12,960

8,439 8,752 9,068 9,392 9,718

219.831 220.948 222.044 223.122 224.182

750 760 770 780 790

29,629 20,135 30,644 31,154 31,665

23,393 23,817 24,242 24,669 25,097

254.117 254.787 255.452 256.110 256.762

400 410 420 430 440

13,372 13,787 14,206 14,628 15,054

10,046 10,378 10,714 11,053 11,393

225.225 226.250 227.258 228.252 229.230

800 810 820 830 840

32,179 32,694 33,212 33,730 34,251

25,527 25,959 26,394 26,829 27,267

257.408 258.048 258.682 259.311 259.934

450 460 470 480 490

15,483 15,916 16,351 16,791 17,232

11,742 12,091 12,444 12,800 13,158

230.194 231.144 232.080 233.004 233.916

850 860 870 880 890

34,773 35,296 35,821 36,347 36,876

27,706 28,125 28,588 29,031 29,476

260.551 261.164 261.770 262.371 262.968

500 510 520 530 540

17,678 18,126 18,576 19,029 19,485

13,521 13,885 14,253 14,622 14,996

234.814 235.700 236.575 237.439 238.292

900 910 920 930 940

37,405 37,935 38,467 39,000 39,535

29,922 30,369 30,818 31,268 31,719

263.559 264.146 264.728 265.304 265.877

550 560 570 580 590

19,945 20,407 20,870 21,337 21,807

15,372 15,751 16,131 16,515 16,902

239.135 239.962 240.789 241.602 242.405

950 960 970 980 990

40,070 40,607 41,145 41,685 42,226

32,171 32,625 33,081 33,537 33,995

266.444 267.007 267.566 268.119 268.670

18Appendix_01 ITALICAS.qxd 940

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941

APÉNDICE 1

TABLA A-20 Propiedades de gas ideal del dióxido de carbono, CO2 (conclusión) _ _ _ T h u s° T K kJ/kmol kJ/kmol kJ/kmol · K K

_ h kJ/kmol

_ u kJ/kmol

_ s° kJ/kmol · K

1000 1020 1040 1060 1080

42,769 43,859 44,953 46,051 47,153

34,455 35,378 36,306 37,238 38,174

269.215 270.293 271.354 272.400 273.430

1760 1780 1800 1820 1840

86,420 87,612 88,806 90,000 91,196

71,787 72,812 73,840 74,868 75,897

301.543 302.217 302.884 303.544 304.198

1100 1120 1140 1160 1180

48,258 49,369 50,484 51,602 52,724

39,112 40,057 41,006 41,957 42,913

274.445 275.444 276.430 277.403 278.361

1860 1880 1900 1920 1940

92,394 93,593 94,793 95,995 97,197

76,929 77,962 78,996 80,031 81,067

304.845 305.487 306.122 306.751 307.374

1200 1220 1240 1260 1280

53,848 54,977 56,108 57,244 58,381

43,871 44,834 45,799 46,768 47,739

297.307 280.238 281.158 282.066 282.962

1960 1980 2000 2050 2100

98,401 99,606 100,804 103,835 106,864

82,105 83,144 84,185 86,791 89,404

307.992 308.604 309.210 310.701 312.160

1300 1320 1340 1360 1380

59,522 60,666 61,813 62,963 64,116

48,713 49,691 50,672 51,656 52,643

283.847 284.722 285.586 286.439 287.283

2150 2200 2250 2300 2350

109,898 112,939 115,984 119,035 122,091

92,023 94,648 97,277 99,912 102,552

313.589 314.988 316.356 317.695 319.011

1400 1420 1440 1460 1480

65,271 66,427 67,586 68,748 66,911

53,631 54,621 55,614 56,609 57,606

288.106 288.934 289.743 290.542 291.333

2400 2450 2500 2550 2600

125,152 128,219 131,290 134,368 137,449

105,197 107,849 110,504 113,166 115,832

320.302 321.566 322.808 324.026 325.222

1500 1520 1540 1560 1580

71,078 72,246 73,417 74,590 76,767

58,606 59,609 60,613 61,620 62,630

292.114 292.888 292.654 294.411 295.161

2650 2700 2750 2800 2850

140,533 143,620 146,713 149,808 152,908

118,500 121,172 123,849 126,528 129,212

326.396 327.549 328.684 329.800 330.896

1600 1620 1640 1660 1680

76,944 78,123 79,303 80,486 81,670

63,741 64,653 65,668 66,592 67,702

295.901 296.632 297.356 298.072 298.781

2900 2950 3000 3050 3100

156,009 159,117 162,226 165,341 168,456

131,898 134,589 137,283 139,982 142,681

331.975 333.037 334.084 335.114 336.126

1700 1720 1740

82,856 84,043 85,231

68,721 69,742 70,764

299.482 300.177 300.863

3150 3200 3250

171,576 174,695 177,822

145,385 148,089 150,801

337.124 338.109 339.069

18Appendix_01 ITALICAS.qxd 941

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942

TABLAS DE PROPIEDADES, FIGURAS Y DIAGRAMAS (UNIDADES SI)

TABLA A-21 Propiedades de gas ideal del monóxido de carbono, CO _ _ _ T h u s° K kJ/kmol kJ/kmol kJ/kmol · K

T K

_ h kJ/kmol

_ u kJ/kmol

_ s° kJ/kmol · K

0 220 230 240 250

0 6,391 6,683 6,975 7,266

0 4,562 4,771 4,979 5,188

0 188.683 189.980 191.221 192.411

600 610 620 630 640

17,611 17,915 18,221 18,527 18,833

12,622 12,843 13,066 13,289 13,512

218.204 218.708 219.205 219.695 220.179

260 270 280 290 298

7,558 7,849 8,140 8,432 8,669

5,396 5,604 5,812 6,020 6,190

193.554 194.654 195.713 196.735 197.543

650 660 670 680 690

19,141 19,449 19,758 20,068 20,378

13,736 13,962 14,187 14,414 14,641

220.656 221.127 221.592 222.052 222.505

300 310 320 330 340

8,723 9,014 9,306 9,597 9,889

6,229 6,437 6,645 6,854 7,062

197.723 198.678 199.603 200.500 201.371

700 710 720 730 740

20,690 21,002 21,315 21,628 21,943

14,870 15,099 15,328 15,558 15,789

222.953 223.396 223.833 224.265 224.692

350 360 370 380 390

10,181 10,473 10,765 11,058 11,351

7,271 7,480 7,689 7,899 8,108

202.217 203.040 203.842 204.622 205.383

750 760 770 780 790

22,258 22,573 22,890 23,208 23,526

16,022 16,255 16,488 16,723 16,957

225.115 225.533 225.947 226.357 226.762

400 410 420 430 440

11,644 11,938 12,232 12,526 12,821

8,319 8,529 8,740 8,951 9,163

206.125 206.850 207.549 208.252 208.929

800 810 820 830 840

23,844 24,164 24,483 24,803 25,124

17,193 17,429 17,665 17,902 18,140

227.162 227.559 227.952 228.339 228.724

450 460 470 480 490

13,116 13,412 13,708 14,005 14,302

9,375 9,587 9,800 10,014 10,228

209.593 210.243 210.880 211.504 212.117

850 860 870 880 890

25,446 25,768 26,091 26,415 26,740

18,379 18,617 18,858 19,099 19,341

229.106 229.482 229.856 230.227 230.593

500 510 520 530 540

14,600 14,898 15,197 15,497 15,797

10,443 10,658 10,874 11,090 11,307

212.719 213.310 213.890 214.460 215.020

900 910 920 930 940

27,066 27,392 27,719 28,046 28,375

19,583 19,826 20,070 20,314 20,559

230.957 231.317 231.674 232.028 232.379

550 560 570 580 590

16,097 16,399 16,701 17,003 17,307

11,524 11,743 11,961 12,181 12,401

215.572 216.115 216.649 217.175 217.693

950 960 970 980 990

28,703 29,033 29,362 29,693 30,024

20,805 21,051 21,298 21,545 21,793

232.727 233.072 233.413 233.752 234.088

18Appendix_01 ITALICAS.qxd 942

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943

APÉNDICE 1

TABLA A-21 Propiedades de gas ideal del monóxido de carbono, CO (conclusión) _ _ _ T h u s° T K kJ/kmol kJ/kmol kJ/kmol · K K

_ h kJ/kmol

_ u kJ/kmol

_ s° kJ/kmol · K

1000 1020 1040 1060 1080

30,355 31,020 31,688 32,357 33,029

22,041 22,540 23,041 23,544 24,049

234.421 235.079 235.728 236.364 236.992

1760 1780 1800 1820 1840

56,756 57,473 58,191 58,910 59,629

42,123 42,673 43,225 43,778 44,331

253.991 254.398 254.797 255.194 255.587

1100 1120 1140 1160 1180

33,702 34,377 35,054 35,733 36,406

24,557 25,065 25,575 26,088 26,602

237.609 238.217 238.817 239.407 239.989

1860 1880 1900 1920 1940

60,351 61,072 61,794 62,516 63,238

44,886 45,441 45,997 46,552 47,108

255.976 256.361 256.743 257.122 257.497

1200 1220 1240 1260 1280

37,095 37,780 38,466 39,154 39,844

27,118 27,637 28,426 28,678 29,201

240.663 241.128 241.686 242.236 242.780

1960 1980 2000 2050 2100

63,961 64,684 65,408 67,224 69,044

47,665 48,221 48,780 50,179 51,584

257.868 258.236 258.600 259.494 260.370

1300 1320 1340 1360 1380

40,534 41,226 41,919 42,613 43,309

29,725 30,251 30,778 31,306 31,836

243.316 243.844 244.366 244.880 245.388

2150 2200 2250 2300 2350

70,864 72,688 74,516 76,345 78,178

52,988 54,396 55,809 57,222 58,640

261.226 262.065 262.887 263.692 264.480

1400 1420 1440 1460 1480

44,007 44,707 45,408 46,110 46,813

32,367 32,900 33,434 33,971 34,508

245.889 246.385 246.876 247.360 247.839

2400 2450 2500 2550 2600

80,015 81,852 83,692 85,537 87,383

60,060 61,482 62,906 64,335 65,766

265.253 266.012 266.755 267.485 268.202

1500 1520 1540 1560 1580

47,517 48,222 48,928 49,635 50,344

35,046 35,584 36,124 36,665 37,207

248.312 248.778 249.240 249.695 250.147

2650 2700 2750 2800 2850

89,230 91,077 92,930 94,784 96,639

67,197 68,628 70,066 71,504 72,945

268.905 269.596 270.285 270.943 271.602

1600 1620 1640 1660 1680

51,053 51,763 52,472 53,184 53,895

37,750 38,293 38,837 39,382 39,927

250.592 251.033 251.470 251.901 252.329

2900 2950 3000 3050 3100

98,495 100,352 102,210 104,073 105,939

74,383 75,825 77,267 78,715 80,164

272.249 272.884 273.508 274.123 274.730

1700 1720 1740

54,609 55,323 56,039

40,474 41,023 41,572

252.751 253.169 253.582

3150 3200 3250

107,802 109,667 111,534

81,612 83,061 84,513

275.326 275.914 276.494

18Appendix_01 ITALICAS.qxd 943

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944

TABLAS DE PROPIEDADES, FIGURAS Y DIAGRAMAS (UNIDADES SI)

TABLA A-22 Propiedades de gas ideal del hidrógeno, H2 _ _ _ T h u s° K kJ/kmol kJ/kmol kJ/kmol · K

T K

_ h kJ/kmol

_ u kJ/kmol

_ s° kJ/kmol · K

0 260 270 280 290

0 7,370 7,657 7,945 8,233

0 5,209 5,412 5,617 5,822

0 126.636 127.719 128.765 129.775

1440 1480 1520 1560 1600

42,808 44,091 45,384 46,683 47,990

30,835 31,786 32,746 33,713 34,687

177.410 178.291 179.153 179.995 180.820

298 300 320 340 360

8,468 8,522 9,100 9,680 10,262

5,989 6,027 6,440 6,853 7,268

130.574 130.754 132.621 134.378 136.039

1640 1680 1720 1760 1800

49,303 50,622 51,947 53,279 54,618

35,668 36,654 37,646 38,645 39,652

181.632 182.428 183.208 183.973 184.724

380 400 420 440 460

10,843 11,426 12,010 12,594 13,179

7,684 8,100 8,518 8,936 9,355

137.612 139.106 140.529 141.888 143.187

1840 1880 1920 1960 2000

55,962 57,311 58,668 60,031 61,400

40,663 41,680 42,705 43,735 44,771

185.463 186.190 186.904 187.607 188.297

480 500 520 560 600

13,764 14,350 14,935 16,107 17,280

9,773 10,193 10,611 11,451 12,291

144.432 145.628 146.775 148.945 150.968

2050 2100 2150 2200 2250

63,119 64,847 66,584 68,328 70,080

46,074 47,386 48,708 50,037 51,373

189.148 189.979 190.796 191.598 192.385

640 680 720 760 800

18,453 19,630 20,807 21,988 23,171

13,133 13,976 14,821 15,669 16,520

152.863 154.645 156.328 157.923 159.440

2300 2350 2400 2450 2500

71,839 73,608 75,383 77,168 78,960

52,716 54,069 55,429 56,798 58,175

193.159 193.921 194.669 195.403 196.125

840 880 920 960 1000

24,359 25,551 26,747 27,948 29,154

17,375 18,235 19,098 19,966 20,839

160.891 162.277 163.607 164.884 166.114

2550 2600 2650 2700 2750

80,755 82,558 84,368 86,186 88,008

59,554 60,941 62,335 63,737 65,144

196.837 197.539 198.229 198.907 199.575

1040 1080 1120 1160 1200

30,364 31,580 32,802 34,028 35,262

21,717 22,601 23,490 24,384 25,284

167.300 168.449 169.560 170.636 171.682

2800 2850 2900 2950 3000

89,838 91,671 93,512 95,358 97,211

66,558 67,976 69,401 70,831 72,268

200.234 200.885 201.527 202.157 202.778

1240 1280 1320 1360 1400

36,502 37,749 39,002 40,263 41,530

26,192 27,106 28,027 28,955 29,889

172.698 173.687 174.652 175.593 176.510

3050 3100 3150 3200 3250

99,065 100,926 102,793 104,667 106,545

73,707 75,152 76,604 78,061 79,523

203.391 203.995 204.592 205.181 205.765

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APÉNDICE 1

TABLA A-23 Propiedades de gas ideal del vapor de agua, H2O _ _ _ T h u s° K kJ/kmol kJ/kmol kJ/kmol · K

T K

_ h kJ/kmol

_ u kJ/kmol

_ s° kJ/kmol · K

0 220 230 240 250

0 7,295 7,628 7,961 8,294

0 5,466 5,715 5,965 6,215

0 178.576 180.054 181.471 182.831

600 610 620 630 640

20,402 20,765 21,130 21,495 21,862

15,413 15,693 15,975 16,257 16,541

212.920 213.529 214.122 214.707 215.285

260 270 280 290 298

8,627 8,961 9,296 9,631 9,904

6,466 6,716 6,968 7,219 7,425

184.139 185.399 186.616 187.791 188.720

650 660 670 680 690

22,230 22,600 22,970 23,342 23,714

16,826 17,112 17,399 17,688 17,978

215.856 216.419 216.976 217.527 218.071

300 310 320 330 340

9,966 10,302 10,639 10,976 11,314

7,472 7,725 7,978 8,232 8,487

188.928 190.030 191.098 192.136 193.144

700 710 720 730 740

24,088 24,464 24,840 25,218 25,597

18,268 18,561 18,854 19,148 19,444

218.610 219.142 219.668 220.189 220.707

350 360 370 380 390

11,652 11,992 12,331 12,672 13,014

8,742 8,998 9,255 9,513 9,771

194.125 195.081 196.012 196.920 197.807

750 760 770 780 790

25,977 26,358 26,741 27,125 27,510

19,741 20,039 20,339 20,639 20,941

221.215 221.720 222.221 222.717 223.207

400 410 420 430 440

13,356 13,699 14,043 14,388 14,734

10,030 10,290 10,551 10,813 11,075

198.673 199.521 200.350 201.160 201.955

800 810 820 830 840

27,896 28,284 28,672 29,062 29,454

21,245 21,549 21,855 22,162 22,470

223.693 224.174 224.651 225.123 225.592

450 460 470 480 490

15,080 15,428 15,777 16,126 16,477

11,339 11,603 11,869 12,135 12,403

202.734 203.497 204.247 204.982 205.705

850 860 870 880 890

29,846 30,240 30,635 31,032 31,429

22,779 23,090 23,402 23,715 24,029

226.057 226.517 226.973 227.426 227.875

500 510 520 530 540

16,828 17,181 17,534 17,889 18,245

12,671 12,940 13,211 13,482 13,755

206.413 207.112 207.799 208.475 209.139

900 910 920 930 940

31,828 32,228 32,629 33,032 33,436

24,345 24,662 24,980 25,300 25,621

228.321 228.763 229.202 229.637 230.070

550 560 570 580 590

18,601 18,959 19,318 19,678 20,039

14,028 14,303 14,579 14,856 15,134

209.795 210.440 211.075 211.702 212.320

950 960 970 980 990

33,841 34,247 34,653 35,061 35,472

25,943 26,265 26,588 26,913 27,240

230.499 230.924 231.347 231.767 232.184

18Appendix_01 ITALICAS.qxd 945

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TABLAS DE PROPIEDADES, FIGURAS Y DIAGRAMAS (UNIDADES SI)

TABLA A-23 Propiedades de gas ideal del vapor de agua, H2O (conclusión) _ _ _ T h u s° T K kJ/kmol kJ/kmol kJ/kmol · K K

_ h kJ/kmol

_ u kJ/kmol

_ s° kJ/kmol · K

1000 1020 1040 1060 1080

35,882 36,709 37,542 38,380 39,223

27,568 28,228 28,895 29,567 30,243

232.597 233.415 234.223 235.020 235.806

1760 1780 1800 1820 1840

70,535 71,523 72,513 73,507 74,506

55,902 56,723 57,547 58,375 59,207

258.151 258.708 259.262 259.811 260.357

1100 1120 1140 1160 1180

40,071 40,923 41,780 42,642 43,509

30,925 31,611 32,301 32,997 33,698

236.584 237.352 238.110 238.859 239.600

1860 1880 1900 1920 1940

75,506 76,511 77,517 78,527 79,540

60,042 60,880 61,720 62,564 63,411

260.898 261.436 261.969 262.497 263.022

1200 1220 1240 1260 1280

44,380 45,256 46,137 47,022 47,912

34,403 35,112 35,827 36,546 37,270

240.333 241.057 241.773 242.482 243.183

1960 1980 2000 2050 2100

80,555 81,573 82,593 85,156 87,735

64,259 65,111 65,965 68,111 70,275

263.542 264.059 264.571 265.838 267.081

1300 1320 1340 1360 1380

48,807 49,707 50,612 51,521 52,434

38,000 38,732 39,470 40,213 40,960

243.877 244.564 245.243 245.915 246.582

2150 2200 2250 2300 2350

90,330 92,940 95,562 98,199 100,846

72,454 74,649 76,855 79,076 81,308

268.301 269.500 270.679 271.839 272.978

1400 1420 1440 1460 1480

53,351 54,273 55,198 56,128 57,062

41,711 42,466 43,226 43,989 44,756

247.241 247.895 248.543 249.185 249.820

2400 2450 2500 2550 2600

103,508 106,183 108,868 111,565 114,273

83,553 85,811 88,082 90,364 92,656

274.098 275.201 276.286 277.354 278.407

1500 1520 1540 1560 1580

57,999 58,942 59,888 60,838 61,792

45,528 46,304 47,084 47,868 48,655

250.450 251.074 251.693 252.305 252.912

2650 2700 2750 2800 2850

116,991 119,717 122,453 125,198 127,952

94,958 97,269 99,588 101,917 104,256

279.441 280.462 281.464 282.453 283.429

1600 1620 1640 1660 1680

62,748 63,709 64,675 65,643 66,614

49,445 50,240 51,039 51,841 52,646

253.513 254.111 254.703 255.290 255.873

2900 2950 3000 3050 3100

130,717 133,486 136,264 139,051 141,846

106,605 108,959 111,321 113,692 116,072

284.390 285.338 286.273 287.194 288.102

1700 1720 1740

67,589 68,567 69,550

53,455 54,267 55,083

256.450 257.022 257.589

3150 3200 3250

144,648 147,457 150,272

118,458 120,851 123,250

288.999 289.884 290.756

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APÉNDICE 1

TABLA A-24 Propiedades de gas ideal del oxígeno monoatómico, O _ _ _ T h u s° K kJ/kmol kJ/kmol kJ/kmol · K

T K

_ h kJ/kmol

_ u kJ/kmol

_ s° kJ/kmol · K

0 298 300 500 1000 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000 2050 2100 2150 2200 2250 2300 2350

0 160.944 161.079 172.088 186.678 195.143 196.488 197.751 198.941 200.067 201.135 201.649 202.151 202.641 203.119 203.588 204.045 204.493

2400 2450 2500 2550 2600 2650 2700 2750 2800 2850 2900 2950 3000 3100 3200 3300 3400 3500

50,894 51,936 52,979 54,021 55,064 56,108 57,152 58,196 59,241 60,286 61,332 62,378 63,425 65,520 67,619 69,720 71,824 73,932

30,940 31,566 32,193 32,820 33,447 34,075 34,703 35,332 35,961 36,590 37,220 37,851 38,482 39,746 41,013 42,283 43,556 44,832

204.932 205.362 205.783 206.196 206.601 206.999 207.389 207.772 208.148 208.518 208.882 209.240 209.592 210.279 210.945 211.592 212.220 212.831

Propiedades de gas ideal del hidroxilo, OH _ _ T h u K kJ/kmol kJ/kmol

_ s° kJ/kmol · K

T K

_ h kJ/kmol

_ u kJ/kmol

_ s° kJ/kmol · K

0 298 300 500 1000 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000 2050 2100 2150 2200 2250 2300 2350

0 183.594 183.779 198.955 219.624 232.506 234.642 236.672 238.606 240.453 242.221 243.077 243.917 244.740 245.547 246.338 247.116 247.879

2400 2450 2500 2550 2600 2650 2700 2750 2800 2850 2900 2950 3000 3100 3200 3300 3400 3500

77,015 78,801 80,592 82,388 84,189 85,995 87,806 89,622 91,442 93,266 95,095 96,927 98,763 102,447 106,145 109,855 113,578 117,312

57,061 58,431 59,806 61,186 62,572 63,962 65,358 66,757 68,162 69,570 70,983 72,400 73,820 76,673 79,539 82,418 85,309 88,212

248.628 249.364 250.088 250.799 251.499 252.187 252.864 253.530 254.186 254.832 255.468 256.094 256.712 257.919 259.093 260.235 261.347 262.429

0 6,852 6,892 11,197 21,713 32,150 34,234 36,317 38,400 40,482 42,564 43,605 44,646 45,687 46,728 47,769 48,811 49,852

0 4,373 4,398 7,040 13,398 19,679 20,931 22,183 23,434 24,685 25,935 26,560 27,186 27,811 28,436 29,062 29,688 30,314

TABLA A-25

18Appendix_01 ITALICAS.qxd 947

0 9,188 9,244 15,181 30,123 46,046 49,358 52,706 56,089 59,505 62,952 64,687 66,428 68,177 69,932 71,694 73,462 75,236

0 6,709 6,749 11,024 21,809 33,575 36,055 38,571 41,123 43,708 46,323 47,642 48,968 50,301 51,641 52,987 54,339 55,697

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948

TABLAS DE PROPIEDADES, FIGURAS Y DIAGRAMAS (UNIDADES SI)

TABLA A-26 Entalpía de formación, función de Gibbs de formación y entropía a 25°C, 1 atm _ _ gf° hf° Sustancia Fórmula kJ/kmol kJ/kmol Acetileno Agua Alcohol etílico Alcohol etílico Alcohol metílico Alcohol metílico Amoniaco Benceno n-butano Carbón Dióxido de carbono n-dodecano Etano Etileno Hidrógeno Hidrógeno Hidroxilo Metano Monóxido de carbono Nitrógeno Nitrógeno n-octano n-octano Oxígeno Oxígeno Peróxido de hidrógeno Propano Propileno Vapor de agua

C2H2(g) H2O(ᐉ) C2H5OH(g) C2H5OH(ᐉ) CH3OH(g) CH3OH(ᐉ) NH3(g) C6H6(g) C4H10(g) C(s) CO2(g) C12H26(g) C2H6(g) C2H4(g) H2(g) H(g) OH(g) CH4(g) CO(g) N2(g) N(g) C8H18(g) C8H18(ᐉ) O2(g) O(g) H2O2(g) C3H8(g) C3H6(g) H2O(g)

+226,730 285,830 235,310 277,690 200,670 238,660 46,190 +82,930 126,150 0 393,520 291,010 84,680 +52,280 0 +218,000 +39,460 74,850 110,530 0 +472,650 208,450 249,950 0 +249,190 136,310 103,850 +20,410 241,820

+209,170 237,180 168,570 174,890 162,000 166,360 16,590 +129,660 15,710 0 394,360 +50,150 32,890 +68,120 0 +203,290 +34,280 50,790 137,150 0 +455,510 +16,530 +6,610 0 +231,770 105,600 23,490 +62,720 228,590

absoluta _ s° kJ/kmol · K 200.85 69.92 282.59 160.70 239.70 126.80 192.33 269.20 310.12 5.74 213.80 622.83 229.49 219.83 130.68 114.72 183.70 186.16 197.65 191.61 153.30 466.73 360.79 205.04 161.06 232.63 269.91 266.94 188.83

Fuente: De JANAF, Thermochemical Tables, Midland, MI, Dow Chemical Co., 1971, Selected Values of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties, NBS Technical Note 270-3, 1968; y API Research Project 44, Carnegie Press, 1953.

18Appendix_01 ITALICAS.qxd 948

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APÉNDICE 1

TABLA A-27 Propiedades de algunos combustibles e hidrocarburos comunes

Combustible (fase)

Fórmula

Acetileno (g) C2H2 Benceno (ᐉ) C6H6 Butano (ᐉ) C4H10 Carbono (s) C Decano (ᐉ) C10H22 Diesel ligero (ᐉ) CnH1.8n Diesel pesado (ᐉ) CnH1.7n Etano (g) C2H6 Etanol (ᐉ) C2H6O Gas natural (g) CnH3.8nN0.1n Gasolina (ᐉ) CnH1.87n Heptano (ᐉ) C7H16 Hexano (ᐉ) C6H12 Hexeno (ᐉ) C6H14 Hidrógeno (g) H2 Isopentano (ᐉ) C5H12 Metano (g) CH4 Metanol (ᐉ) CH4O Monóx. de carbono (g) CO Octano (ᐉ) C8H18 1-Penteno (ᐉ) C5H10 Propano (ᐉ) C3H8 Tolueno (ᐉ) C7H8

Masa molar, kg/kmol 26.038 78.114 58.123 12.011 142.285 170 200 30.070 46.069 18 100–110 100.204 84.161 86.177 2.016 72.150 16.043 32.042 28.013 114.231 70.134 44.097 92.141

Densidad,1 kg/L — 0.877 0.579 2 0.730 0.78–0.84 0.82–0.88 — 0.790 — 0.72–0.78 0.684 0.673 0.660 — 0.626 — 0.790 — 0.703 0.641 0.500 0.867

Entalpía de vaporización,2 kJ/kg

Calor específico,1 cp kJ/kg · K

Poder calorífico superior,3 kJ/kg

Poder calorífico inferior,3 kJ/kg

— 433 362 — 361 270 230 172 919 — 350 365 392 366 — — 509 1168 — 363 363 335 412

1.69 1.72 2.42 0.708 2.21 2.2 1.9 1.75 2.44 2 2.4 2.24 1.84 2.27 14.4 2.32 2.20 2.53 1.05 2.23 2.20 2.77 1.71

49,970 41,800 49,150 32,800 47,640 46,100 45,500 51,900 29,670 50,000 47,300 48,100 47,500 48,310 141,800 48,570 55,530 22,660 10,100 47,890 47,760 50,330 42,400

48,280 40,100 45,370 32,800 44,240 43,200 42,800 47,520 26,810 45,000 44,000 44,600 44,400 44,740 120,000 44,910 50,050 19,920 10,100 44,430 44,630 46,340 40,500

1A

1 atm y 20°C.

2A

25°C para combustibles líquidos, y 1 atm y temperatura normal de ebullición para combustibles gaseosos.

3A

25°C. Multiplique por la masa molar para obtener los valores caloríficos en kJ/kmol.

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TABLAS DE PROPIEDADES, FIGURAS Y DIAGRAMAS (UNIDADES SI)

TABLA A-28 Logaritmos naturales de la constante de equilibrio Kp La constante de equilibrio Kp para la reacción nA A + nB B Δ nC C + nD D se define como Kp ≡

PCnC PDnD PAnA PBnB

Temp., K

H2 Δ 2H

O2 Δ 2O

N2 Δ 2N

298 164.005 500 92.827 1000 39.803 1200 30.874 1400 24.463 1600 19.637 1800 15.866 2000 12.840 2200 10.353 2400 8.276 2600 6.517 2800 5.002 3000 3.685 3200 2.534 3400 1.516 3600 0.609 3800 0.202 4000 0.934 4500 2.486 5000 3.725 5500 4.743 6000 5.590

186.975 105.630 45.150 35.005 27.742 22.285 18.030 14.622 11.827 9.497 7.521 5.826 4.357 3.072 1.935 0.926 0.019 0.796 2.513 3.895 5.023 5.963

367.480 213.372 99.127 80.011 66.329 56.055 48.051 41.645 36.391 32.011 28.304 25.117 22.359 19.937 17.800 15.898 14.199 12.660 9.414 6.807 4.666 2.865

H2O Δ H2 + 1/2O2

H2O Δ 1/2H2 + OH

CO2 Δ CO + 1/2O2

92.208 52.691 23.163 18.182 14.609 11.921 9.826 8.145 6.768 5.619 4.648 3.812 3.086 2.451 1.891 1.392 0.945 0.542 0.312 0.996 1.560 2.032

106.208 60.281 26.034 20.283 16.099 13.066 10.657 8.728 7.148 5.832 4.719 3.763 2.937 2.212 1.576 1.088 0.501 0.044 0.920 1.689 2.318 2.843

103.762 57.616 23.529 17.871 13.842 10.830 8.497 6.635 5.120 3.860 2.801 1.894 1.111 0.429 0.169 0.701 1.176 1.599 2.490 3.197 3.771 4.245

1/

2N2

+ 1/2O2 Δ NO 35.052 20.295 9.388 7.569 6.270 5.294 4.536 3.931 3.433 3.019 2.671 2.372 2.114 1.888 1.690 1.513 1.356 1.216 0.921 0.686 0.497 0.341

Fuente: Gordon J. Van Wylen y Richard E. Sonntag, Fundamentals of Classical Thermodyamics, versión inglés/SI, 3a. ed., Nueva York, John Wiley & Sons, 1986, p. 723, Tabla A-14. Con base en información termodinámica proporcionada en JANAF, Thermochemical Tables, Midland, MI, Termal Research Laboratory, The Dow Chemical Company, 1971.

18Appendix_01 ITALICAS.qxd 950

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951

APÉNDICE 1 7.5

0.50

7.0

0.55 T

0.60

R

6.5 0.65 0.70

6.0 Líq

0.75

uid

0.80

os atu rad o

5.5

0.90

5.0

0.94 0.92 0.98 0.96 1.00 1.02 1.04 1.06 1.08

0.75 0.80

4.5 0.85

4.0

0.90

1.10 1.15

0.92

3.5

0.94

1.20

0.96

1.25

3.0 1.30 0.98

2.5

1.40

2.0

1.50 1.60

1.5

o

rad

atu or s Vap .90 0

0.5

00

1.0

1.1 1.2 0 0

1.70 1.80 1.90 2.00 2.20

0

3 1.

1.

–– –– hideal – h hideal – h = ————– Desviación de entalpía Zh = ————– RuTcr RTcr

0.85

2.40 2.60

0

5

1.5

0.9

2.80 3.00

2.00

4.00

0

0.1

0.2

0.3 0.4 0.5

1.0

2.0

3.0 4.0 5.0

10

20

30

0.500

0.400

=

TR

0 0.9 0 9

=

0.

0.

80

TR

0

1.0

ra

do

0.300

or

sa tu

1.10

0.200

FIGURA A-29 Carta generalizada de desviación de entalpía.

1.20

Va p

–– –– hideal – h hideal – h = ————– Desviación de entalpía Zh = ————– RuTcr RTcr

Presión reducida, PR

1.40 1.60

0.100

Fuente: John R. Howell y Richard O. Buckius, Fundamentals of Engineering Thermodynamics, versión SI, Nueva York, McGraw-Hill, 1987, p. 558, Fig. C.2 y p. 561, Fig C.5.

2.00 0.000 0

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

0.25

0.30

PR

18Appendix_01 ITALICAS.qxd 951

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952

9.0

TRr

8.0

0.500

o

ad

0.400

r po

Va

0.300

tur

sa

.90 =0 TR

0

1.0

0.

80

Desviación de entropía

10.0

sideal – s sideal – s = ————– Zs = ————– Ru R

TABLAS DE PROPIEDADES, FIGURAS Y DIAGRAMAS (UNIDADES SI)

0.200 0.100 0.000 0

1.10 1.20 1.40 1.60 2.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 PR

7.0 0.55 0.60 o uid Líq

6.0

sat

0.65

d ura

0.70

o

sideal – s sideal – s = ————– Desviación de entropía Zs = ————– Ru R

0.50

5.0

0.75

0.75

0.80

0.80 0.85

4.0

0.90 0.90

0.94

0.92 0.98

0.92 0.96

0.94

1.00

1.02

0.96

0.85

3.0

0.94 0.98

1.04

1.02

1.06 1.08

0.98

1.06

1.10 1.15

2.0 1.20

1.30

Fuente: John R. Howell y Richard O. Buckius, Fundamentals of Engineering Thermodynamics, versión SI, Nueva York, McGraw-Hill, 1987, p. 559, Fig. C.3 y p. 561, Fig C.5.

18Appendix_01 ITALICAS.qxd 952

1.0

1.0.95 00

FIGURA A-30 Carta generalizada de desviación de entropía.

do r satura

Vapo

0

0.9

0 0.1

0.2

0.3 0.40.5

1.40

4 1.0 .10 1 1.20 1.40 1.60

1.60 2.00 3.00

1.0

2.0

1.50 1.80 2.50

3.0 4.0 5.0

10

20

30

Presión reducida, PR

7/12/11 14:26:08

0 2.5

10

10

15

pe

m Te

de ra

tu ra

ºC

15

n ió ac ur 20 t sa

70

80

0.8 4

20

% 6

0.8 6

%

50 %

40

30%

0.8

30

va d relati umeda

8 10% H

20%

edo

úm

oh

eb ulb

ra d

atu

per

tem

ºC

40

gr o sec ire de a o am

en m

2

0.8

0

0.8

0.7

8

Reproducida con permiso de la American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc., Atlanta, Georgia; usada con permiso.

Temperatura de bulbo seco ºC

20

0%

25

0.9

FIGURA A-31 Carta psicrométrica a 1 atm de presión total.

25

m olu 2v

Preparado por el Centro de Estudios Aplicados de Termodinámica, Universidad de Idaho.

0

5

10

2.0

5

30

lp

gr

lo

ki

a

co

se

30

0

0.9

50

E

a nt

h

( ía

j ilo 60 )k

or sp le ou

o

am

de

ire

30

kilo

40

Entalpía Δh ————————— = —— Relación de humedad Δ

–0.2 por

20

4.0

0.4

90

100 4

0

5.0

3

0.

10.0

–• 1.0 1.5 –5.0 2.0 4.0 –2.0 ΔHS – • Calor sensible —————– = —— – 4.0 0.0 Calor total ΔHT – 2.0 1.0 1.0

0.2

3.0

1.0 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5

0.1

•

.5

%

–0

90

18Appendix_01 ITALICAS.qxd 953 %

Nivel del mar

etro ico cúb

80

© 1992 American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc.

0.9

70

ASHRAE Gráfica psicrométrica núm. 1 Temperatura normal Presión barométrica 101.325 kPa

2

4

6

8

50

10

12

14

16

18

20

22

24

26

28

30

60

70

80

90

100

110

120

0.95 1.0

0.90

0.85

0.80

0.75

0.70

0.65

0.60

0.55

0.50

0.45

0.40

0.36

APÉNDICE 1

953

7/12/11 14:26:08

ΔHS Calor sensible —— —————– = Calor total ΔHT

Relación de humedad (ω) (ω) gramos de humedad por kilogramo de aire seco (ω

954

TABLAS DE PROPIEDADES, FIGURAS Y DIAGRAMAS (UNIDADES SI)

Ma* A A* P P0 + +0 T T0

1 2 1)Ma2 0.5(k 1 2 k 1 31 2 11 Ma224 Ma k 1 2 k (k 1) k 1 11 Ma22 2 1 (k 1) k 1 11 Ma22 2 1 k 1 Ma22 11 2

Ma

TABLA A-32

k (k

Funciones de flujo compresible unidimensional e isentrópico de un gas ideal con k 1.4

1) (k 1)

Ma

Ma*

A/A*

P/P0

r/r0

T/T0

0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 3.0 5.0

0 0.1094 0.2182 0.3257 0.4313 0.5345 0.6348 0.7318 0.8251 0.9146 1.0000 1.1583 1.2999 1.4254 1.5360 1.6330 1.7179 1.7922 1.8571 1.9140 1.9640 2.2361 2.2495

5.8218 2.9635 2.0351 1.5901 1.3398 1.1882 1.0944 1.0382 1.0089 1.0000 1.0304 1.1149 1.2502 1.4390 1.6875 2.0050 2.4031 2.8960 3.5001 4.2346 25.000

1.0000 0.9930 0.9725 0.9395 0.8956 0.8430 0.7840 0.7209 0.6560 0.5913 0.5283 0.4124 0.3142 0.2353 0.1740 0.1278 0.0935 0.0684 0.0501 0.0368 0.0272 0.0019 0

1.0000 0.9950 0.9803 0.9564 0.9243 0.8852 0.8405 0.7916 0.7400 0.6870 0.6339 0.5311 0.4374 0.3557 0.2868 0.2300 0.1841 0.1472 0.1179 0.0946 0.0760 0.0113 0

1.0000 0.9980 0.9921 0.9823 0.9690 0.9524 0.9328 0.9107 0.8865 0.8606 0.8333 0.7764 0.7184 0.6614 0.6068 0.5556 0.5081 0.4647 0.4252 0.3894 0.3571 0.1667 0

3.0 A/A*

Funciones de flujo compresible

2.5

2.0 Ma* 1.5

1.0

T/T0

0.5

r/r* P/P0 0 0

18Appendix_01 ITALICAS.qxd 954

0.5

1.0

1.5 Ma

2.0

2.5

3.0

7/12/11 14:26:08

955

APÉNDICE 1

T01

TABLA A-33

T02 (k 1)Ma21 2kMa21 k

Ma2

kMa21 kMa22

P2 P1

1 1

+2 +1

P2 P1 T2 T1

T2 T1

2 2

P 02 P 01

Ma1 1 3 Ma2 1

P 02 P1

(1

2kMa21 k (k

2

Ma21(k Ma22(k

Funciones de choque normal unidimensional de un gas ideal con k 1.4

2 1 k 1

1

1)Ma21 (k 1)Ma21

V1 V2

1) 1)

Ma22(k Ma21(k

1) 2 (k 4 1) 2

kMa21)[1 Ma22(k 1 kMa22

1)/[2(k

1) 2]k (k

1)]

1)

Ma1

Ma2

P2/P1

r2/r1

T2/T1

P02/P01

P02/P1

1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.0 4.0 5.0

1.0000 0.9118 0.8422 0.7860 0.7397 0.7011 0.6684 0.6405 0.6165 0.5956 0.5774 0.5613 0.5471 0.5344 0.5231 0.5130 0.5039 0.4956 0.4882 0.4814 0.4752 0.4350 0.4152 0.3780

1.0000 1.2450 1.5133 1.8050 2.1200 2.4583 2.8200 3.2050 3.6133 4.0450 4.5000 4.9783 5.4800 6.0050 6.5533 7.1250 7.7200 8.3383 8.9800 9.6450 10.3333 18.5000 29.000

1.0000 1.1691 1.3416 1.5157 1.6897 1.8621 2.0317 2.1977 2.3592 2.5157 2.6667 2.8119 2.9512 3.0845 3.2119 3.3333 3.4490 3.5590 3.6636 3.7629 3.8571 4.5714 5.0000 6.0000

1.0000 1.0649 1.1280 1.1909 1.2547 1.3202 1.3880 1.4583 1.5316 1.6079 1.6875 1.7705 1.8569 1.9468 2.0403 2.1375 2.2383 2.3429 2.4512 2.5632 2.6790 4.0469 5.8000

1.0000 0.9989 0.9928 0.9794 0.9582 0.9298 0.8952 0.8557 0.8127 0.7674 0.7209 0.6742 0.6281 0.5833 0.5401 0.4990 0.4601 0.4236 0.3895 0.3577 0.3283 0.1388 0.0617 0

1.8929 2.1328 2.4075 2.7136 3.0492 3.4133 3.8050 4.2238 4.6695 5.1418 5.6404 6.1654 6.7165 7.2937 7.8969 8.5261 9.1813 9.8624 10.5694 11.3022 12.0610 21.0681 32.6335

5.0 P02/P1

P2/P1

Funciones de choque normal

4.0

r2/r1

3.0 T2/T1

2.0

1.0 Ma2 P02/P01 0 1.0

18Appendix_01 ITALICAS.qxd 955

1.5

2.0 Ma1

2.5

3.0

7/12/11 14:26:09

956

TABLAS DE PROPIEDADES, FIGURAS Y DIAGRAMAS (UNIDADES SI)

T0 T 0*

1)Ma2[2 (k 1)Ma2] (1 kMa2)2

(k

P0 P*0

1

T T*

Ma(1 k) 2 1 2 1 kMa2

k

1

2 1 1 kMa2

P P*

1

k kMa2

V V*

+* +

(1 1

(k k

k)Ma2 kMa2

2 k (k 1)

1)Ma 2 1

TABLA A-34 Funciones del flujo de Rayleigh para un gas ideal con k 1.4 Ma

T0/T 0*

P0/P 0*

T/T*

P/P*

V/V*

0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 3.0

0.0000 0.0468 0.1736 0.3469 0.5290 0.6914 0.8189 0.9085 0.9639 0.9921 1.0000 0.9787 0.9343 0.8842 0.8363 0.7934 0.7561 0.7242 0.6970 0.6738 0.6540

1.2679 1.2591 1.2346 1.1985 1.1566 1.1141 1.0753 1.0431 1.0193 1.0049 1.0000 1.0194 1.0777 1.1756 1.3159 1.5031 1.7434 2.0451 2.4177 2.8731 3.4245

0.0000 0.0560 0.2066 0.4089 0.6151 0.7901 0.9167 0.9929 1.0255 1.0245 1.0000 0.9118 0.8054 0.7017 0.6089 0.5289 0.4611 0.4038 0.3556 0.3149 0.2803

2.4000 2.3669 2.2727 2.1314 1.9608 1.7778 1.5957 1.4235 1.2658 1.1246 1.0000 0.7958 0.6410 0.5236 0.4335 0.3636 0.3086 0.2648 0.2294 0.2004 0.1765

0.0000 0.0237 0.0909 0.1918 0.3137 0.4444 0.5745 0.6975 0.8101 0.9110 1.0000 1.1459 1.2564 1.3403 1.4046 1.4545 1.4938 1.5252 1.5505 1.5711 1.5882

3.5 P0/P0*

Funciones del flujo de Rayleigh

3.0

2.5

2.0 V/V* 1.5

1.0 T0/T 0* 0.5

T/T* P/P*

0 0

18Appendix_01 ITALICAS.qxd 956

0.5

1.0

1.5 Ma

2.0

2.5

3.0

7/12/11 14:26:09

APÉNDICE

TABLAS DE PROPIEDADES, FIGURASY DIAGRAMAS (UNIDADES INGLESAS) Tabla A-1E Tabla A-2E Tabla A-3E Tabla A-4E Tabla A-5E Tabla A-6E Tabla A-7E Tabla A-8E Figura A-9E Figura A-10E Tabla A-11E Tabla A-12E Tabla A-13E Figura A-14E Tabla A-16E

19Appendix_02 ITALICAS.qxd 957

Masa molar, constante de gas y propiedades del punto crítico Calores específicos de gas ideal de varios gases comunes Propiedades de líquidos, sólidos y alimentos comunes Agua saturada. Tabla de temperaturas Agua saturada. Tabla de presiones Vapor de agua sobrecalentado Agua líquida comprimida Hielo saturado. Vapor de agua Diagrama T-s para el agua Diagrama de Mollier para el agua Refrigerante 134a saturado. Tabla de temperatura Refrigerante 134a saturado. Tabla de presión Refrigerante 134a sobrecalentado Diagrama P-h para refrigerante 134a Propiedades de la atmósfera a gran altitud

2 Tabla A-17E Propiedades de gas ideal del aire Tabla A-18E Propiedades de gas ideal del nitrógeno, N2 Tabla A-19E Propiedades de gas ideal del oxígeno, O2 Tabla A-20E Propiedades de gas ideal del dióxido de carbono, CO2 Tabla A-21E Propiedades de gas ideal del monóxido de carbono, CO Tabla A-22E Propiedades de gas ideal del hidrógeno, H2 Tabla A-23E Propiedades de gas ideal del vapor de agua, H2O Tabla A-26E Entalpía de formación, función de Gibbs de formación y entropía absoluta a 77°C, 1 atm Tabla A-27E Propiedades de algunos combustibles e hidrocarburos comunes Figura A-31E Gráfica psicrométrica a 1 atm de presión total

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958

TABLAS DE PROPIEDADES, FIGURAS Y DIAGRAMAS (UNIDADES INGLESAS)

TABLA A-1E Masa molar, constante de gas y propiedades del punto crítico

Sustancia

Fórmula

Masa molar, M lbm/lbmol

Agua Aire Alcohol etílico Alcohol metílico Amoniaco Argón Benceno Bromo n-Butano Cloro Cloroformo Cloruro metílico Criptón Diclorodifluorometano (R-12) Diclorofluorometano (R-21) Dióxido de carbono Dióxido de sulfuro Etano Etileno Helio n-Hexano Hidrógeno (normal) Metano Monóxido de carbono Neón Nitrógeno Óxido nitroso Oxígeno Propano Propileno Tetracloruro de carbono Tetrafluoroetano (R-134a) Triclorofluorometano (R-11) Xenón

H2O — C2H5OH CH3OH NH3 Ar C6H6 Br2 C4H10 Cl2 CHCl3 CH3Cl Kr CCl2F2 CHCl2F CO2 SO2 C2H6 C 2 H4 He C6H14 H2 CH4 CO Ne N2 N2O O2 C3H8 C 3 H6 CCl4 CF3CH2F CCl3F Xe

18.015 28.97 46.07 32.042 17.03 39.948 78.115 159.808 58.124 70.906 119.38 50.488 83.80 120.91 102.92 44.01 64.063 30.020 28.054 4.003 86.178 2.016 16.043 28.011 20.183 28.013 44.013 31.999 44.097 42.081 153.82 102.03 137.37 131.30

Constante de gas, R ft3/

Propiedades del punto crítico

Btu/ lbm · R*

psia · lbm · R*

Temperatura, R

Presión, psia

Volumen, ft3/lbmol

0.1102 0.06855 0.04311 0.06198 0.1166 0.04971 0.02542 0.01243 0.03417 0.02801 0.01664 0.03934 0.02370 0.01643 0.01930 0.04513 0.03100 0.06616 0.07079 0.4961 0.02305 0.9851 0.1238 0.07090 0.09840 0.07090 0.04512 0.06206 0.04504 0.04719 0.01291 0.01946 0.01446 0.01513

0.5956 0.3704 0.2329 0.3349 0.6301 0.2686 0.1374 0.06714 0.1846 0.1517 0.08988 0.2125 0.1280 0.08874 0.1043 0.2438 1.1675 0.3574 0.3825 2.6809 0.1245 5.3224 0.6688 0.3831 0.5316 0.3830 0.2438 0.3353 0.2433 0.2550 0.06976 0.1052 0.07811 0.08172

1164.8 238.5 929.0 923.7 729.8 272 1012 1052 765.2 751 965.8 749.3 376.9 692.4 813.0 547.5 775.2 549.8 508.3 9.5 914.2 59.9 343.9 240 80.1 227.1 557.4 278.6 665.9 656.9 1001.5 673.6 848.1 521.55

3200 547 926 1154 1636 705 714 1500 551 1120 794 968 798 582 749 1071 1143 708 742 33.2 439 188.1 673 507 395 492 1054 736 617 670 661 588.7 635 852

0.90 1.41 2.68 1.89 1.16 1.20 4.17 2.17 4.08 1.99 3.85 2.29 1.48 3.49 3.16 1.51 1.95 2.37 1.99 0.926 5.89 1.04 1.59 1.49 0.668 1.44 1.54 1.25 3.20 2.90 4.42 3.19 3.97 1.90

*Calculada de R = Ru /M, donde Ru = 1.98588 Btu/lbmol · R = 10.7316 psia · ft3/lbmol · R y M es la masa molar.

Fuente: K. A. Kobe y R. E. Lynn, Jr., Chemical Review 52, 1953, pp. 117-236; y ASHRAE (Sociedad Americana de Ingenieros de Calefacción, Refrigeración y Acondicionamiento de Aire), Handbook of Fundamentals, Atlanta, Georgia, American Society of Heating, Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc., 1993, pp. 16.4 y 36.1.

19Appendix_02 ITALICAS.qxd 958

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959

APÉNDICE 2

TABLA A-2E Calores específicos de gas ideal de varios gases comunes a) A 80°F Gas

Fórmula

Aire Argón Butano Dióxido de carbono Etano Etileno Helio Hidrógeno Metano Monóxido de carbono Neón Nitrógeno Octano Oxígeno Propano Vapor

— Ar C4H10 CO2 C2H6 C2H4 He H2 CH4 CO Ne N2 C8H18 O2 C3H8 H2O

Constante de gas, R Btu/lbm · R 0.06855 0.04971 0.03424 0.04513 0.06616 0.07079 0.4961 0.9851 0.1238 0.07090 0.09840 0.07090 0.01742 0.06206 0.04504 0.1102

cp Btu/lbm · R

cv Btu/lbm · R

0.240 0.1253 0.415 0.203 0.427 0.411 1.25 3.43 0.532 0.249 0.246 0.248 0.409 0.219 0.407 0.445

0.171 0.0756 0.381 0.158 0.361 0.340 0.753 2.44 0.403 0.178 0.1477 0.177 0.392 0.157 0.362 0.335

k 1.400 1.667 1.09 1.285 1.183 1.208 1.667 1.404 1.32 1.399 1.667 1.400 1.044 1.395 1.124 1.329

Fuente: Gordon J. Van Wylen y Richard E. Sonntag, Fundamentals of Classical Thermodynamics, versión inglés/SI, 3a. ed., Nueva York, John Wiley & Sons, 1986, p. 687, Tabla A.8E.

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TABLAS DE PROPIEDADES, FIGURAS Y DIAGRAMAS (UNIDADES INGLESAS)

TABLA A-2E Calores específicos de gas ideal de varios gases comunes (continuación) b) A diversas temperaturas Temp., °F

cp Btu/lbm · R

cv Btu/lbm · R

k

Aire 40 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1500 2000

0.240 0.240 0.241 0.243 0.245 0.248 0.250 0.254 0.257 0.259 0.263 0.276 0.286

0.171 0.172 0.173 0.174 0.176 0.179 0.182 0.185 0.188 0.191 0.195 0.208 0.217

cp Btu/lbm · R

Dióxido de carbono, C02 1.401 1.400 1.397 1.394 1.389 1.383 1.377 1.371 1.365 1.358 1.353 1.330 1.312

0.195 0.205 0.217 0.229 0.239 0.247 0.255 0.262 0.269 0.275 0.280 0.298 0.312

Hidrógeno, H2 40 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1500 2000

3.397 3.426 3.451 3.461 3.466 3.469 3.473 3.477 3.494 3.502 3.513 3.618 3.758

2.412 2.441 2.466 2.476 2.480 2.484 2.488 2.492 2.509 2.519 2.528 2.633 2.773

cv Btu/lbm · R k

0.150 0.160 0.172 0.184 0.193 0.202 0.210 0.217 0.224 0.230 0.235 0.253 0.267

1.300 1.283 1.262 1.246 1.233 1.223 1.215 1.208 1.202 1.197 1.192 1.178 1.169

cp cv Btu/lbm · R Btu/lbm · R k Monóxido de carbono, CO 0.248 0.249 0.249 0.251 0.253 0.256 0.259 0.262 0.266 0.269 0.273 0.287 0.297

Nitrógeno, N2 1.409 1.404 1.399 1.398 1.397 1.397 1.396 1.395 1.393 1.392 1.390 1.374 1.355

0.248 0.248 0.249 0.250 0.251 0.254 0.256 0.260 0.262 0.265 0.269 0.283 0.293

0.177 0.178 0.178 0.179 0.180 0.183 0.185 0.189 0.191 0.194 0.198 0.212 0.222

0.177 0.178 0.179 0.180 0.182 0.185 0.188 0.191 0.195 0.198 0.202 0.216 0.226

1.400 1.399 1.397 1.394 1.389 1.384 1.377 1.371 1.364 1.357 1.351 1.328 1.314

Oxígeno, O2 1.400 1.399 1.398 1.396 1.393 1.388 1.383 1.377 1.371 1.364 1.359 1.334 1.319

0.219 0.220 0.223 0.226 0.230 0.235 0.239 0.242 0.246 0.249 0.252 0.263 0.270

0.156 0.158 0.161 0.164 0.168 0.173 0.177 0.181 0.184 0.187 0.190 0.201 0.208

1.397 1.394 1.387 1.378 1.368 1.360 1.352 1.344 1.337 1.331 1.326 1.309 1.298

Nota: La unidad Btu/lbm · R es equivalente a Btu/lbm · °F. Fuente: Kenneth Wark, Thermodynamics, 4a. ed., Nueva York, McGraw-Hill, 1983, p. 830, Tabla A.4. Publicada originalmente en Tables of Thermal Properties of Gases, NBS Circular 564, 1955.

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APÉNDICE 2

TABLA A-2E Calores específicos de gas ideal de varios gases comunes (conclusión) c) Como una función de la temperatura cp

a

bT

cT 2

dT 3

(T in R, cp en Btu/lbmol · R)

Sustancia

Fórmula

Acetileno C2H2 Aire — Amoniaco NH3 Azufre S2 Benceno C6H6 i-Butano C4H10 n-Butano C4H10 Cloruro de hidrógeno HCl Dióxido de azufre SO2 Dióxido de carbono CO2 Dióxido de nitrógeno NO2 Etano C2H6 Etanol C2H6O Etileno C2H4 n-Hexano C6H14 Hidrógeno H2 Metano CH4 Metanol CH4O Monóxido de carbono CO Nitrógeno N2 Óxido nítrico NO Óxido nitroso N2O Oxígeno O2 n-Pentano C5H12 Propano C3H8 Propileno C3H6 Trióxido de azufre SO3 Vapor de agua H2O

a 5.21 6.713 6.5846 6.499 8.650 1.890 0.945 7.244 6.157 5.316 5.48 1.648 4.75 0.944 1.657 6.952 4.750 4.55 6.726 6.903 7.008 5.758 6.085 1.618 0.966 0.753 3.918 7.700

b 1.2227 0.02609 0.34028 0.2943 6.4322 5.520 4.929 0.1011 0.7689 0.79361 0.7583 2.291 2.781 2.075 7.328 0.02542 0.6666 1.214 0.02222 0.02085 0.01247 0.7780 0.2017 6.028 4.044 3.162 1.935 0.02552

c

10 2 10 2 10 2 10 2 10 2 10 2 10 2 10 2 10 2 10 2 10 2 10 2 10 2 10 2 10 2 10 2 10 2 10 2 10 2 10 2 10 2 10 2 10 2 10 2 10 2 10 2 10 2 10 2

0.4812 0.03540 0.073034 0.1200 2.327

1.696

1.352

0.09783 0.2810 0.2581 0.260

0.4722 0.7651 0.6151 2.112

0.02952 0.09352 0.0898 0.03960 0.05957 0.07185 0.2596 0.05275 1.656

1.159

0.8981 0.8256 0.07781

d 10 5 10 5 10 5 10 5 10 5 10 5 10 5 10 5 10 5 10 5 10 5 10 5 10 5 10 5 10 5 10 5 10 5 10 5 10 5 10 5 10 5 10 5 10 5 10 5 10 5 10 5 10 5 10 5

0.7457 0.08052 0.27402 0.1632 3.179 2.044 1.433 0.1776 0.3527 0.3059 0.322 0.2984 0.821 0.7326 2.363 0.03565 0.4510 0.329 0.09100 0.1176 0.1715 0.4331 0.05372 1.732 1.300 1.008 1.328 0.1472

10 9 10 9 10 9 10 9 10 9 10 9 10 9 10 9 10 9 10 9 10 9 10 9 10 9 10 9 10 9 10 9 10 9 10 9 10 9 10 9 10 9 10 9 10 9 10 9 10 9 10 9 10 9 10 9

% error

Rango de temp., R

Máx.

Prom.

491-2700 491-3240 491-2700 491-3240 491-2700 491-2740 491-2740 491-2740 491-3240 491-3240 491-2700 491-2740 491-2700 491-2740 491-2740 491-3240 491-2740 491-1800 491-3240 491-3240 491-2700 491-2700 491-3240 491-2740 491-2740 491-2740 491-2340 491-3240

1.46 0.72 0.91 0.99 0.34 0.25 0.54 0.22 0.45 0.67 0.46 0.83 0.40 0.54 0.72 1.02 1.33 0.18 0.89 0.59 0.97 0.59 1.19 0.56 0.40 0.73 0.29 0.53

0.59 0.33 0.36 0.38 0.20 0.13 0.24 0.08 0.24 0.22 0.18 0.28 0.22 0.13 0.20 0.26 0.57 0.08 0.37 0.34 0.36 0.26 0.28 0.21 0.12 0.17 0.13 0.24

Fuente: Chemical and Process Thermodynamics, 3/E por Kyle, B. G., © 2000. Adaptada con permiso de Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, Nueva Jersey.TABLA A-3E

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962

TABLAS DE PROPIEDADES, FIGURAS Y DIAGRAMAS (UNIDADES INGLESAS)

TABLA A-3E Propiedades de líquidos, sólidos y alimentos comunes a) Líquidos Datos de ebullición a 1 atm

Sustancia

Punto normal de Calor latente ebullición, de vaporización, °F hfg Btu/lbm

Aceite (ligero) Agua

— 212

— 970.1

Alcohol etílico Amoniaco

173.5 27.9

Datos de congelación Punto de congelación, °F

Propiedades de líquido

Calor latente de fusión, Temperatura, hif Btu/lbm °F

32

143.5

368 24.54

248.8 107.9

46.4 138.6

Argón Benceno n-Butano Dióxido de carbono Etanol Etilén glicol Glicerina Helio Hidrógeno Isobutano Mercurio Metano

302.6 176.4 31.1 109.2* 172.8 388.6 355.8 452.1 423.0 10.9 674.1 258.7

69.5 169.4 165.6 99.6 (a 32°F) 360.5 344.0 419 9.80 191.7 157.8 126.7 219.6

308.7 41.9 217.3 69.8 173.6 12.6 66.0 — 434.5 255.5 38.0 296.0

12.0 54.2 34.5 — 46.9 77.9 86.3 — 25.6 45.5 4.90 25.1

Metanol Nitrógeno

148.1 320.4

473 85.4

143.9 346.0

42.7 10.9

Octano Oxígeno Petróleo Propano

256.6 297.3 — 43.7

131.7 91.5 99-165 184.0

71.5 361.8

77.9 5.9

305.8

34.4

Salmuera (20% de cloruro de sodio por masa) 219.0 Queroseno 399-559 Refrigerante 134a 15.0

— 108 93.3

0.7 12.8 141.9

— — —

Calor Densidad, específico, cp r lbm/ft3 Btu/lbm · R

77 32 90 150 212 68 27.9 0 40 80 302.6 68 31.1 32 77 68 68 452.1 423.0 10.9 77 258.7 160 77 320.4 260 68 297.3 68 43.7 32 100

56.8 62.4 62.1 61.2 59.8 49.3 42.6 41.3 39.5 37.5 87.0 54.9 37.5 57.8 48.9 69.2 78.7 9.13 4.41 37.1 847 26.4 20.0 49.1 50.5 38.2 43.9 71.2 40.0 36.3 33.0 29.4

0.430 1.01 1.00 1.00 1.01 0.678 1.06 1.083 1.103 1.135 0.272 0.411 0.552 0.583 0.588 0.678 0.554 5.45 2.39 0.545 0.033 0.834 1.074 0.609 0.492 0.643 0.502 0.408 0.478 0.538 0.604 0.673

68 68 40 15 32 90

71.8 51.2 88.5 86.0 80.9 73.6

0.743 0.478 0.283 0.294 0.318 0.348

*Temperatura de sublimación. (A presiones por debajo de la presión de punto triple de 75.1 psia, el dióxido de carbono existe como sólido o como gas.

También, la temperatura de punto de congelamiento del dióxido de carbono es la temperatura de punto triple de –69.8°F.)

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APÉNDICE 2

TABLA A-3E Propiedades de líquidos, sólidos y alimentos comunes (continuación) b) Sólidos (los valores son para temperatura ambiente, excepto que se indique otra cosa) Densidad, r lbm/ft3

Sustancia

Calor específico, cp Btu/lbm · R

Metales

Densidad, r lbm/ft3

Sustancia

Calor específico, cp Btu/lbm · R

No metales

Acero dulce Aluminio 100°F 32°F 100°F 200°F 300°F 400°F 500°F Bronce (76% Cu, 2% Zn, 2% Al) Cobre 60°F 0°F 100°F 200°F 390°F Hierro Latón amarillo (65% Cu, 35% Zn) Magnesio Níquel Plata Plomo Tungsteno

489

0.119

Asfalto Arcilla Arena Caucho (blando) Caucho (duro) Concreto Diamante Grafito Granito Hielo 50°F 0°F 20°F 32°F Ladrillo común Ladrillo refractario (500 °C) Madera contrachapada (abeto Douglas) Maderas duras (maple, encino, etc.)

Maderas suaves (abeto, pino, etc.)

Mármol Piedra Piedra caliza Vidrio para ventanas Vidrio pirex Yeso o tabla de yeso

0.192 0.212 0.218 0.224 0.229 0.235 0.240 0.0955

170

517

0.0862 0.0893 0.0925 0.0938 0.0963 0.107 0.0955

555

490 519 108 555 655 705 1211

0.239 0.105 0.056 0.030 0.031

132 62.4 94.9 68.7 71.8 144 151 156 169

0.220 0.220

0.156 0.147 0.170 0.243 0.424 0.471 0.491 0.502 0.189 0.229

57.5 120 144 34.0 45.0 32.0 162 93.6 103 169 139 50

0.210 0.217 0.191 0.200 0.260

c) Alimentos Calor específico, Btu/lbm · R

Alimentos

Brócoli Camarón Carne de pollo Carne de res Cerezas Espinaca Fresas Helado Huevo entero Leche entera Lechuga

Contenido de agua, % (masa)

90 83 74 67 80 93 90 63 74 88 95

Punto de congelación, °F

31 28 27 — 29 31 31 22 31 31 32

Calor Por encima Por debajo latente del punto de del punto de de fusión congelación congelación Btu/lbm

0.921 0.865 0.793 0.737 0.841 0.945 0.921 0.705 0.793 0.905 0.961

0.471 0.450 0.423 0.402 0.441 0.481 0.471 0.390 0.423 0.465 0.487

129 119 106 96 115 134 129 90 106 126 136

Calor específico, Btu/lbm · R

Alimentos

Contenido de agua % (masa)

Mantequilla Manzanas Maíz dulce Naranjas Papas Pavo Plátanos Queso suizo Salmón Sandía Tomates (maduros)

16 84 74 87 78 64 75 39 64 93 94

Calor Punto de Por encima Por debajo latente congela-, del punto de del punto de de fusión ción °F congelación congelación Btu/lbm

— 30 31 31 31 — 31 14 28 31 31

— 0.873 0.793 0.897 0.825 0.713 0.801 0.513 0.713 0.945 0.953

0.249 0.453 0.423 0.462 0.435 0.393 0.426 0.318 0.393 0.481 0.484

23 121 106 125 112 92 108 56 92 134 135

Fuente: Los valores han sido obtenidos de varios manuales y otras fuentes, o se han calculado. El contenido de agua y los datos de punto de congelación para alimentos provienen del ASHRAE, Handbook of Fundamentals, versión I-P, Atlanta, Georgia, American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc., 1993, Capítulo 30, Tabla 1. El punto de congelación es la temperatura a la que comienza la congelación para frutas y verduras, así como la temperatura promedio de congelación para otros alimentos.

19Appendix_02 ITALICAS.qxd 963

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TABLAS DE PROPIEDADES, FIGURAS Y DIAGRAMAS (UNIDADES INGLESAS)

TABLA A-4E Agua saturada. Tabla de temperaturas Volumen específico, ft3/lbm Pres. sat., Psat psia

Temp., T °F

Líq. sat., vf

Vapor sat., vg 3299.9 2945.7 2443.6 2035.8 1703.1

Energía interna, Btu/lbm Líq. sat., uf

Entalpía, Btu/lbm

Evap., ufg

Vapor sat., ug

0.000 3.004 8.032 13.05 18.07

1021.0 1019.0 1015.6 1012.2 1008.9

1021.0 1022.0 1023.7 1025.3 1026.9

Líq. sat., hf

Entropía, Btu/lbm · R

Evap., hfg

Vapor sat., hg

Líq. sat., sf

Evap., sfg

Vapor sat., sg

0.000 3.004 8.032 13.05 18.07

1075.2 1073.5 1070.7 1067.8 1065.0

1075.2 1076.5 1078.7 1080.9 1083.1

0.00000 0.00609 0.01620 0.02620 0.03609

2.18672 2.17011 2.14271 2.11587 2.08956

2.1867 2.1762 2.1589 2.1421 2.1256

32.018 35 40 45 50

0.08871 0.09998 0.12173 0.14756 0.17812

0.01602 0.01602 0.01602 0.01602 0.01602

55 60 65 70 75

0.21413 0.25638 0.30578 0.36334 0.43016

0.01603 1430.4 0.01604 1206.1 0.01604 1020.8 0.01605 867.18 0.01606 739.27

23.07 28.08 33.08 38.08 43.07

1005.5 1002.1 998.76 995.39 992.02

1028.6 1030.2 1031.8 1033.5 1035.1

23.07 28.08 33.08 38.08 43.07

1062.2 1059.4 1056.5 1053.7 1050.9

1085.3 1087.4 1089.6 1091.8 1093.9

0.04586 0.05554 0.06511 0.07459 0.08398

2.06377 2.03847 2.01366 1.98931 1.96541

2.1096 2.0940 2.0788 2.0639 2.0494

80 85 90 95 100

0.50745 0.59659 0.69904 0.81643 0.95052

0.01607 0.01609 0.01610 0.01612 0.01613

632.41 542.80 467.40 403.74 349.83

48.06 53.06 58.05 63.04 68.03

988.65 985.28 981.90 978.52 975.14

1036.7 1038.3 1040.0 1041.6 1043.2

48.07 53.06 58.05 63.04 68.03

1048.0 1045.2 1042.4 1039.5 1036.7

1096.1 1098.3 1100.4 1102.6 1104.7

0.09328 0.10248 0.11161 0.12065 0.12961

1.94196 1.91892 1.89630 1.87408 1.85225

2.0352 2.0214 2.0079 1.9947 1.9819

110 120 130 140 150

1.2767 1.6951 2.2260 2.8931 3.7234

0.01617 0.01620 0.01625 0.01629 0.01634

264.96 202.94 157.09 122.81 96.929

78.01 88.00 97.99 107.98 117.98

968.36 961.56 954.73 947.87 940.98

1046.4 1049.6 1052.7 1055.9 1059.0

78.02 88.00 97.99 107.99 117.99

1031.0 1025.2 1019.4 1013.6 1007.8

1109.0 1113.2 1117.4 1121.6 1125.7

0.14728 0.16466 0.18174 0.19855 0.21508

1.80970 1.76856 1.72877 1.69024 1.65291

1.9570 1.9332 1.9105 1.8888 1.8680

160 170 180 190 200

4.7474 5.9999 7.5197 9.3497 11.538

0.01639 0.01645 0.01651 0.01657 0.01663

77.185 61.982 50.172 40.920 33.613

127.98 138.00 148.02 158.05 168.10

934.05 927.08 920.06 912.99 905.87

1062.0 1065.1 1068.1 1071.0 1074.0

128.00 138.02 148.04 158.08 168.13

1001.8 995.88 989.85 983.76 977.60

1129.8 1133.9 1137.9 1141.8 1145.7

0.23136 0.24739 0.26318 0.27874 0.29409

1.61670 1.58155 1.54741 1.51421 1.48191

1.8481 1.8289 1.8106 1.7930 1.7760

210 212 220 230 240

14.136 14.709 17.201 20.795 24.985

0.01670 0.01671 0.01677 0.01684 0.01692

27.798 26.782 23.136 19.374 16.316

178.15 180.16 188.22 198.31 208.41

898.68 897.24 891.43 884.10 876.70

1076.8 1077.4 1079.6 1082.4 1085.1

178.20 180.21 188.28 198.37 208.49

971.35 970.09 965.02 958.59 952.06

1149.5 1150.3 1153.3 1157.0 1160.5

0.30922 0.31222 0.32414 0.33887 0.35342

1.45046 1.44427 1.41980 1.38989 1.36069

1.7597 1.7565 1.7439 1.7288 1.7141

250 260 270 280 290

29.844 35.447 41.877 49.222 57.573

0.01700 0.01708 0.01717 0.01726 0.01735

13.816 11.760 10.059 8.6439 7.4607

218.54 228.68 238.85 249.04 259.26

869.21 861.62 853.94 846.16 838.27

1087.7 1090.3 1092.8 1095.2 1097.5

218.63 228.79 238.98 249.20 259.45

945.41 938.65 931.76 924.74 917.57

1164.0 1167.4 1170.7 1173.9 1177.0

0.36779 0.38198 0.39601 0.40989 0.42361

1.33216 1.30425 1.27694 1.25018 1.22393

1.6999 1.6862 1.6730 1.6601 1.6475

300 310 320 330 340

67.028 77.691 89.667 103.07 118.02

0.01745 0.01755 0.01765 0.01776 0.01787

6.4663 5.6266 4.9144 4.3076 3.7885

269.51 279.79 290.11 300.46 310.85

830.25 822.11 813.84 805.43 796.87

1099.8 1101.9 1104.0 1105.9 1107.7

269.73 280.05 290.40 300.80 311.24

910.24 902.75 895.09 887.25 879.22

1180.0 1182.8 1185.5 1188.1 1190.5

0.43720 0.45065 0.46396 0.47716 0.49024

1.19818 1.17289 1.14802 1.12355 1.09945

1.6354 1.6235 1.6120 1.6007 1.5897

350 360 370 380 390

134.63 153.03 173.36 195.74 220.33

0.01799 0.01811 0.01823 0.01836 0.01850

3.3425 2.9580 2.6252 2.3361 2.0842

321.29 331.76 342.29 352.87 363.50

788.16 779.28 770.23 761.00 751.58

1109.4 1111.0 1112.5 1113.9 1115.1

321.73 332.28 342.88 353.53 364.25

870.98 862.53 853.86 844.96 835.81

1192.7 1194.8 1196.7 1198.5 1200.1

0.50321 0.51607 0.52884 0.54152 0.55411

1.07570 1.05227 1.02914 1.00628 0.98366

1.5789 1.5683 1.5580 1.5478 1.5378

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APÉNDICE 2

TABLA A-4E Agua saturada. Tabla de temperaturas (conclusión) Volumen específico, ft3/lbm

Temp., T °F

Pres. sat., Psat psia

Energía interna, Btu/lbm

Entalpía, Btu/lbm

Entropía, Btu/lbm · R

Líq. sat., vf

Vapor sat., vg

Líq. sat., uf

Evap., ufg

Vapor sat., ug

Líq. sat., hf

Evap., hfg

Vapor sat., hg

Líq. sat., sf

Evap., sfg

Vapor sat., sg

400 410 420 430 440

247.26 276.69 308.76 343.64 381.49

0.01864 0.01878 0.01894 0.01910 0.01926

1.8639 1.6706 1.5006 1.3505 1.2178

374.19 384.94 395.76 406.65 417.61

741.97 732.14 722.08 711.80 701.26

1116.2 1117.1 1117.8 1118.4 1118.9

375.04 385.90 396.84 407.86 418.97

826.39 816.71 806.74 796.46 785.87

1201.4 1202.6 1203.6 1204.3 1204.8

0.56663 0.57907 0.59145 0.60377 0.61603

0.96127 0.93908 0.91707 0.89522 0.87349

1.5279 1.5182 1.5085 1.4990 1.4895

450 460 470 480 490

422.47 466.75 514.52 565.96 621.24

0.01944 0.01962 0.01981 0.02001 0.02022

1.0999 0.99510 0.90158 0.81794 0.74296

428.66 439.79 451.01 462.34 473.77

690.47 679.39 668.02 656.34 644.32

1119.1 1119.2 1119.0 1118.7 1118.1

430.18 441.48 452.90 464.43 476.09

774.94 763.65 751.98 739.91 727.40

1205.1 1205.1 1204.9 1204.3 1203.5

0.62826 0.64044 0.65260 0.66474 0.67686

0.85187 0.83033 0.80885 0.78739 0.76594

1.4801 1.4708 1.4615 1.4521 1.4428

500 510 520 530 540

680.56 744.11 812.11 884.74 962.24

0.02044 0.02067 0.02092 0.02118 0.02146

0.67558 0.61489 0.56009 0.51051 0.46553

485.32 496.99 508.80 520.76 532.88

631.94 619.17 605.99 592.35 578.23

1117.3 1116.2 1114.8 1113.1 1111.1

487.89 499.84 511.94 524.23 536.70

714.44 700.99 687.01 672.47 657.31

1202.3 1200.8 1199.0 1196.7 1194.0

0.68899 0.70112 0.71327 0.72546 0.73770

0.74445 0.72290 0.70126 0.67947 0.65751

1.4334 1.4240 1.4145 1.4049 1.3952

550 560 570 580 590

1044.8 1132.7 1226.2 1325.5 1430.8

0.02176 0.02207 0.02242 0.02279 0.02319

0.42465 0.38740 0.35339 0.32225 0.29367

545.18 557.68 570.40 583.37 596.61

563.58 548.33 532.45 515.84 498.43

1108.8 1106.0 1102.8 1099.2 1095.0

549.39 562.31 575.49 588.95 602.75

641.47 624.91 607.55 589.29 570.04

1190.9 1187.2 1183.0 1178.2 1172.8

0.75000 0.76238 0.77486 0.78748 0.80026

0.63532 0.61284 0.59003 0.56679 0.54306

1.3853 1.3752 1.3649 1.3543 1.3433

600 610 620 630 640

1542.5 1660.9 1786.2 1918.9 2059.3

0.02362 0.02411 0.02464 0.02524 0.02593

0.26737 0.24309 0.22061 0.19972 0.18019

610.18 624.11 638.47 653.35 668.86

480.10 460.73 440.14 418.12 394.36

1090.3 1084.8 1078.6 1071.5 1063.2

616.92 631.52 646.62 662.32 678.74

549.67 528.03 504.92 480.07 453.14

1166.6 1159.5 1151.5 1142.4 1131.9

0.81323 0.82645 0.83998 0.85389 0.86828

0.51871 0.49363 0.46765 0.44056 0.41206

1.3319 1.3201 1.3076 1.2944 1.2803

650 660 670 680 690

2207.8 2364.9 2531.2 2707.3 2894.1

0.02673 0.02767 0.02884 0.03035 0.03255

0.16184 0.14444 0.12774 0.11134 0.09451

685.16 702.48 721.23 742.11 766.81

368.44 339.74 307.22 269.00 220.77

1053.6 1042.2 1028.5 1011.1 987.6

696.08 714.59 734.74 757.32 784.24

423.65 390.84 353.54 309.57 253.96

1119.7 1105.4 1088.3 1066.9 1038.2

0.88332 0.89922 0.91636 0.93541 0.95797

0.38177 0.34906 0.31296 0.27163 0.22089

1.2651 1.2483 1.2293 1.2070 1.1789

700 705.10

3093.0 3200.1

0.03670 0.04975

0.07482 801.75 0.04975 866.61

146.50 0

948.3 866.6

822.76 896.07

168.32 0

991.1 896.1

0.99023 1.05257

0.14514 1.1354 0 1.0526

Fuente: Las tablas A-4E a A-8E fueron generadas utilizando el programa para resolver ecuaciones de ingeniería (EES) desarrollado por S. A. Klein y F. L. Alvarado. La rutina utilizada en los cálculos es la altamente precisa Steam_IAPWS, que incorpora la Formulación 1995 para las Propiedades Termodinámicas de la Sustancia Agua Ordinaria para Uso Científico y General, editada por The International Association for the Properties of Water and Steam (IAPWS). Esta formulación reemplaza a la de 1984 de Haar, Gallagher y Kell (NBS/NRC Steam Tables, Hemisphere Publishing Co., 1984), la cual está también disponible en EES como la rutina STEAM. La nueva formulación se basa en las correlaciones de Saul y Wagner (J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 16, 893, 1987) con modificaciones para ajustarla a la Escala Internacional de Temperaturas de 1990. Las modificaciones están descritas por Wagner y Pruss (J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 22, 783, 1993). Las propiedades del hielo están basadas en Hyland y Wexler, “Formulations for the Thermodynamic Properties of the Saturated Phases of H2O from 173.15 K a 473.15 K”, ASHRAE Trans., Part 2A, Paper 2793, 1983.

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TABLAS DE PROPIEDADES, FIGURAS Y DIAGRAMAS (UNIDADES INGLESAS)

TABLA A-5E Agua saturada. Tabla de presiones Volumen específico, ft3/lbm

Energía interna, Btu/lbm

Entalpía, Btu/lbm

Entropía, Btu/lbm · R

Temp. sat., Tsat °F

Líq. sat., vf

Vapor sat., vg

Líq. sat., uf

Evap., ufg

Vapor sat., ug

Líq. sat., hf

Evap., hfg

Vapor sat., hg

Líq. sat., sf

Evap., sfg

Vapor sat., sg

101.69 126.02 141.41 152.91 162.18

0.01614 0.01623 0.01630 0.01636 0.01641

333.49 173.71 118.70 90.629 73.525

69.72 94.02 109.39 120.89 130.17

973.99 957.45 946.90 938.97 932.53

1043.7 1051.5 1056.3 1059.9 1062.7

69.72 94.02 109.40 120.90 130.18

1035.7 1021.7 1012.8 1006.0 1000.5

1105.4 1115.8 1122.2 1126.9 1130.7

0.13262 0.17499 0.20090 0.21985 0.23488

1.84495 1.74444 1.68489 1.64225 1.60894

1.9776 1.9194 1.8858 1.8621 1.8438

6 8 10 14.696 15

170.00 182.81 193.16 211.95 212.99

0.01645 0.01652 0.01659 0.01671 0.01672

61.982 47.347 38.425 26.805 26.297

138.00 150.83 161.22 180.12 181.16

927.08 918.08 910.75 897.27 896.52

1065.1 1068.9 1072.0 1077.4 1077.7

138.02 150.86 161.25 180.16 181.21

995.88 988.15 981.82 970.12 969.47

1133.9 1139.0 1143.1 1150.3 1150.7

0.24739 0.26757 0.28362 0.31215 0.31370

1.58155 1.53800 1.50391 1.44441 1.44441

1.8289 1.8056 1.7875 1.7566 1.7549

20 25 30 35 40

227.92 240.03 250.30 259.25 267.22

0.01683 0.01692 0.01700 0.01708 0.01715

20.093 16.307 13.749 11.901 10.501

196.21 208.45 218.84 227.92 236.02

885.63 876.67 868.98 862.19 856.09

1081.8 1085.1 1087.8 1090.1 1092.1

196.27 208.52 218.93 228.03 236.14

959.93 952.03 945.21 939.16 933.69

1156.2 1160.6 1164.1 1167.2 1169.8

0.33582 0.35347 0.36821 0.38093 0.39213

1.39606 1.36060 1.33132 1.30632 1.28448

1.7319 1.7141 1.6995 1.6872 1.6766

45 50 55 60 65

274.41 280.99 287.05 292.69 297.95

0.01721 0.01727 0.01732 0.01738 0.01743

9.4028 8.5175 7.7882 7.1766 6.6560

243.34 250.05 256.25 262.01 267.41

850.52 845.39 840.61 836.13 831.90

1093.9 1095.4 1096.9 1098.1 1099.3

243.49 250.21 256.42 262.20 267.62

928.68 924.03 919.70 915.61 911.75

1172.2 1174.2 1176.1 1177.8 1179.4

0.40216 0.41125 0.41958 0.42728 0.43443

1.26506 1.24756 1.23162 1.21697 1.20341

1.6672 1.6588 1.6512 1.6442 1.6378

70 75 80 85 90

302.91 307.59 312.02 316.24 320.26

0.01748 0.01752 0.01757 0.01761 0.01765

6.2075 5.8167 5.4733 5.1689 4.8972

272.50 277.31 281.87 286.22 290.38

827.90 824.09 820.45 816.97 813.62

1100.4 1101.4 1102.3 1103.2 1104.0

272.72 277.55 282.13 286.50 290.67

908.08 904.58 901.22 898.00 894.89

1180.8 1182.1 1183.4 1184.5 1185.6

0.44112 0.44741 0.45335 0.45897 0.46431

1.19078 1.17895 1.16783 1.15732 1.14737

1.6319 1.6264 1.6212 1.6163 1.6117

95 100 110 120 130

324.11 327.81 334.77 341.25 347.32

0.01770 0.01774 0.01781 0.01789 0.01796

4.6532 4.4327 4.0410 3.7289 3.4557

294.36 298.19 305.41 312.16 318.48

810.40 807.29 801.37 795.79 790.51

1104.8 1105.5 1106.8 1107.9 1109.0

294.67 298.51 305.78 312.55 318.92

891.89 888.99 883.44 878.20 873.21

1186.6 1187.5 1189.2 1190.8 1192.1

0.46941 0.47427 0.48341 0.49187 0.49974

1.13791 1.12888 1.11201 1.09646 1.08204

1.6073 1.6032 1.5954 1.5883 1.5818

140 150 160 170 180

353.03 358.42 363.54 368.41 373.07

0.01802 0.01809 0.01815 0.01821 0.01827

3.2202 3.0150 2.8347 2.6749 2.5322

324.45 330.11 335.49 340.62 345.53

785.49 780.69 776.10 771.68 767.42

1109.9 1110.8 1111.6 1112.3 1113.0

324.92 330.61 336.02 341.19 346.14

868.45 863.88 859.49 855.25 851.16

1193.4 1194.5 1195.5 1196.4 1197.3

0.50711 0.51405 0.52061 0.52682 0.53274

1.06858 1.05595 1.04405 1.03279 1.02210

1.5757 1.5700 1.5647 1.5596 1.5548

190 200 250 300 350

377.52 381.80 400.97 417.35 431.74

0.01833 0.01839 0.01865 0.01890 0.01912

2.4040 2.2882 1.8440 1.5435 1.3263

350.24 354.78 375.23 392.89 408.55

763.31 759.32 741.02 724.77 709.98

1113.6 1114.1 1116.3 1117.7 1118.5

350.89 355.46 376.09 393.94 409.79

847.19 843.33 825.47 809.41 794.65

1198.1 1198.8 1201.6 1203.3 1204.4

0.53839 0.54379 0.56784 0.58818 0.60590

1.01191 1.00219 0.95912 0.92289 0.89143

1.5503 1.5460 1.5270 1.5111 1.4973

400 450 500 550 600

444.62 456.31 467.04 476.97 486.24

0.01934 0.01955 0.01975 0.01995 0.02014

1.1617 1.0324 0.92819 0.84228 0.77020

422.70 435.67 447.68 458.90 469.46

696.31 683.52 671.42 659.91 648.88

1119.0 1119.2 1119.1 1118.8 1118.3

424.13 437.30 449.51 460.93 471.70

780.87 767.86 755.48 743.60 732.15

1205.0 1205.2 1205.0 1204.5 1203.9

0.62168 0.63595 0.64900 0.66107 0.67231

0.86350 0.83828 0.81521 0.79388 0.77400

1.4852 1.4742 1.4642 1.4550 1.4463

Pres., P psia 1 2 3 4 5

19Appendix_02 ITALICAS.qxd 966

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967

APÉNDICE 2

TABLA A-5E Agua saturada. Tabla de presiones (conclusión) Volumen específico, ft3/lbm

Pres., P psia

Temp. sat., Tsat °F

Energía interna, Btu/lbm

Líq. sat., vf

Vapor sat., vg

Líq. sat., uf

Evap., ufg

Entalpía, Btu/lbm Vapor sat., ug

Líq. sat., hf

Evap., hfg

Entropía, Btu/lbm · R Vapor sat., hg

Líq. sat., sf

Evap., sfg

Vapor sat., sg

700 800 900 1000 1200

503.13 518.27 532.02 544.65 567.26

0.02051 0.02087 0.02124 0.02159 0.02232

0.65589 0.56920 0.50107 0.44604 0.36241

488.96 506.74 523.19 538.58 566.89

627.98 608.30 589.54 571.49 536.87

1116.9 1115.0 1112.7 1110.1 1103.8

491.62 509.83 526.73 542.57 571.85

710.29 689.48 669.46 650.03 612.39

1201.9 1199.3 1196.2 1192.6 1184.2

0.69279 0.71117 0.72793 0.74341 0.77143

0.73771 0.70502 0.67505 0.64722 0.59632

1.4305 1.4162 1.4030 1.3906 1.3677

1400 1600 1800 2000 2500

587.14 604.93 621.07 635.85 668.17

0.02307 0.02386 0.02470 0.02563 0.02860

0.30161 0.25516 0.21831 0.18815 0.13076

592.79 616.99 640.03 662.33 717.67

503.50 470.69 437.86 404.46 313.53

1096.3 1087.7 1077.9 1066.8 1031.2

598.76 624.06 648.26 671.82 730.90

575.66 539.18 502.35 464.60 360.79

1174.4 1163.2 1150.6 1136.4 1091.7

0.79658 0.81972 0.84144 0.86224 0.91311

0.54991 0.50645 0.46482 0.42409 0.31988

1.3465 1.3262 1.3063 1.2863 1.2330

3000 3200.1

695.41 705.10

0.03433 0.04975

0.08460 0.04975

783.39 866.61

186.41 0

969.8 866.6

802.45 896.07

214.32 1016.8 0 896.1

0.97321 1.05257

0.18554 1.1587 0 1.0526

19Appendix_02 ITALICAS.qxd 967

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968

TABLAS DE PROPIEDADES, FIGURAS Y DIAGRAMAS (UNIDADES INGLESAS)

TABLA A-6E Vapor de agua sobrecalentado T °F

u Btu/lbm

v ft3/lbm

h Btu/lbm

s Btu/ lbm · R

P 1.0 psia (101.69°F)* Sat.† 333.49 200 392.53 240 416.44 280 440.33 320 464.20 360 488.07 400 511.92 440 535.77 500 571.54 600 631.14 700 690.73 800 750.31 1000 869.47 1200 988.62 1400 1107.8

1043.7 1077.5 1091.2 1105.0 1118.9 1132.9 1147.1 1161.3 1182.8 1219.4 1256.8 1295.1 1374.2 1457.1 1543.7

1105.4 1150.1 1168.3 1186.5 1204.8 1223.3 1241.8 1260.4 1288.6 1336.2 1384.6 1433.9 1535.1 1640.0 1748.7

1.9776 2.0509 2.0777 2.1030 2.1271 2.1502 2.1722 2.1934 2.2237 2.2709 2.3146 2.3553 2.4299 2.4972 2.5590

P 15 psia (212.99°F) Sat. 240 280 320 360 400 440 500 600 700 800 1000 1200 1400 1600

26.297 27.429 29.085 30.722 32.348 33.965 35.576 37.986 41.988 45.981 49.967 57.930 65.885 73.836 81.784

1077.7 1087.8 1102.4 1116.9 1131.3 1145.7 1160.1 1181.9 1218.7 1256.3 1294.6 1374.0 1456.9 1543.6 1634.0

1150.7 1163.9 1183.2 1202.2 1221.1 1239.9 1258.8 1287.3 1335.3 1383.9 1433.3 1534.8 1639.8 1748.5 1861.0

7.1766 7.4863 7.9259 8.3548 8.7766 9.4005 10.4256 11.4401 12.4484 14.4543 16.4525 18.4464 20.438 22.428 24.417

1098.1 1109.6 1125.5 1140.9 1156.1 1178.8 1216.5 1254.5 1293.3 1373.0 1456.2 1543.0 1633.5 1727.6 1825.2

1177.8 1192.7 1213.5 1233.7 1253.6 1283.1 1332.2 1381.6 1431.5 1533.5 1638.9 1747.8 1860.5 1976.6 2096.3

P 5.0 psia (162.18°F) 73.525 78.153 83.009 87.838 92.650 97.452 102.25 107.03 114.21 126.15 138.09 150.02 173.86 197.70 221.54

1062.7 1076.2 1090.3 1104.3 1118.4 1132.5 1146.7 1160.9 1182.6 1219.2 1256.7 1294.9 1374.2 1457.0 1543.7

1130.7 1148.5 1167.1 1185.6 1204.1 1222.6 1241.3 1260.0 1288.2 1335.9 1384.4 1433.7 1535.0 1640.0 1748.7

1.8438 1.8716 1.8989 1.9246 1.9490 1.9722 1.9944 2.0156 2.0461 2.0933 2.1371 2.1778 2.2524 2.3198 2.3816

P 20 psia (227.92°F) 1.7549 1.7742 1.8010 1.8260 1.8496 1.8721 1.8936 1.9243 1.9718 2.0156 2.0565 2.1312 2.1986 2.2604 2.3178

P 60 psia (292.69°F) Sat. 320 360 400 440 500 600 700 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000

s Btu/ lbm · R

u h Btu/lbm Btu/lbm

v ft3/lbm

20.093 20.478 21.739 22.980 24.209 25.429 26.644 28.458 31.467 34.467 37.461 43.438 49.407 55.373 61.335

1081.8 1086.5 1101.4 1116.1 1130.7 1145.1 1159.7 1181.6 1218.5 1256.1 1294.5 1373.8 1456.8 1543.5 1633.9

1156.2 1162.3 1181.9 1201.2 1220.2 1239.3 1258.3 1286.9 1334.9 1383.7 1433.1 1534.6 1639.7 1748.4 1860.9

1.7319 1.7406 1.7679 1.7933 1.8171 1.8398 1.8614 1.8922 1.9398 1.9837 2.0247 2.0994 2.1668 2.2287 2.2861

P 80 psia (312.02°F) 1.6442 1.6636 1.6897 1.7138 1.7364 1.7682 1.8168 1.8613 1.9026 1.9777 2.0454 2.1073 2.1648 2.2187 2.2694

5.4733 5.5440 5.8876 6.2187 6.5420 7.0177 7.7951 8.5616 9.3218 10.8313 12.3331 13.8306 15.3257 16.8192 18.3117

1102.3 1105.9 1122.7 1138.7 1154.3 1177.3 1215.4 1253.8 1292.6 1372.6 1455.9 1542.8 1633.3 1727.5 1825.0

1183.4 1187.9 1209.9 1230.8 1251.2 1281.2 1330.8 1380.5 1430.6 1532.9 1638.5 1747.5 1860.2 1976.5 2096.1

1.6212 1.6271 1.6545 1.6794 1.7026 1.7350 1.7841 1.8289 1.8704 1.9457 2.0135 2.0755 2.1330 2.1869 2.2376

u Btu/lbm

v ft3/lbm

s h Btu/ Btu/lbm lbm · R

P 10 psia (193.16°F) 38.425 38.849 41.326 43.774 46.205 48.624 51.035 53.441 57.041 63.029 69.007 74.980 86.913 98.840 110.762

1072.0 1074.5 1089.1 1103.4 1117.6 1131.9 1146.2 1160.5 1182.2 1219.0 1256.5 1294.8 1374.1 1457.0 1543.6

1143.1 1146.4 1165.5 1184.4 1203.1 1221.8 1240.6 1259.4 1287.8 1335.6 1384.2 1433.5 1534.9 1639.9 1748.6

1.7875 1.7926 1.8207 1.8469 1.8716 1.8950 1.9174 1.9388 1.9693 2.0167 2.0605 2.1013 2.1760 2.2433 2.3052

P 40 psia (267.22°F) 10.501

1092.1

1169.8

1.6766

10.713 11.363 11.999 12.625 13.244 14.165 15.686 17.197 18.702 21.700 24.691 27.678 30.662

1097.3 1112.9 1128.1 1143.1 1157.9 1180.2 1217.5 1255.3 1293.9 1373.4 1456.5 1543.3 1633.7

1176.6 1197.1 1216.9 1236.5 1256.0 1285.0 1333.6 1382.6 1432.3 1534.1 1639.3 1748.1 1860.7

1.6858 1.7128 1.7376 1.7610 1.7831 1.8143 1.8625 1.9067 1.9478 2.0227 2.0902 2.1522 2.2096

P 100 psia (327.81°F) 4.4327 1105.5 4.6628 4.9359 5.2006 5.5876 6.2167 6.8344 7.4457 8.6575 9.8615 11.0612 12.2584 13.4541 14.6487

1119.8 1136.4 1152.4 1175.9 1214.4 1253.0 1292.0 1372.2 1455.6 1542.6 1633.2 1727.3 1824.9

1187.5

1.6032

1206.1 1227.8 1248.7 1279.3 1329.4 1379.5 1429.8 1532.4 1638.1 1747.2 1860.0 1976.3 2096.0

1.6263 1.6521 1.6759 1.7088 1.7586 1.8037 1.8453 1.9208 1.9887 2.0508 2.1083 2.1622 2.2130

* La temperatura entre paréntesis es la temperatura de saturación a la presión especificada. †

Propiedades del vapor saturado a la presión especificada.

19Appendix_02 ITALICAS.qxd 968

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969

APÉNDICE 2

TABLA A-6E Vapor de agua sobrecalentado (continuación) T °F

v ft3/lbm

s u h Btu/ Btu/lbm Btu/lbm lbm · R

P 120 psia (341.25°F) Sat. 360 400 450 500 550 600 700 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000

3.7289 3.8446 4.0799 4.3613 4.6340 4.9010 5.1642 5.6829 6.1950 7.2083 8.2137 9.2149 10.2135 11.2106 12.2067

Sat. 400 450 500 550 600 700 800 900 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000

2.5322 2.6490 2.8514 3.0433 3.2286 3.4097 3.7635 4.1104 4.4531 4.7929 5.4674 6.1377 6.8054 7.4716 8.1367

1107.9 1116.7 1134.0 1154.5 1174.4 1193.9 1213.4 1252.2 1291.4 1371.7 1455.3 1542.3 1633.0 1727.2 1824.8

1190.8 1202.1 1224.6 1251.4 1277.3 1302.8 1328.0 1378.4 1429.0 1531.8 1637.7 1746.9 1859.8 1976.1 2095.8

1.5883 1.6023 1.6292 1.6594 1.6872 1.7131 1.7375 1.7829 1.8247 1.9005 1.9684 2.0305 2.0881 2.1420 2.1928

P 180 psia (373.07°F) 1113.0 1126.3 1148.7 1169.8 1190.2 1210.2 1249.8 1289.5 1329.7 1370.5 1454.3 1541.6 1632.4 1726.7 1824.4

1197.3 1214.5 1243.7 1271.2 1297.7 1323.8 1375.2 1426.5 1478.0 1530.1 1636.5 1746.0 1859.1 1975.6 2095.4

1.5548 1.5752 1.6082 1.6376 1.6646 1.6897 1.7361 1.7785 1.8179 1.8549 1.9231 1.9855 2.0432 2.0971 2.1479

P 250 psia (400.97°F) Sat. 450 500 550 600 650 700 800 900 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000

1.8440 2.0027 2.1506 2.2910 2.4264 2.5586 2.6883 2.9429 3.1930 3.4403 3.9295 4.4144 4.8969 5.3777 5.8575

19Appendix_02 ITALICAS.qxd 969

1116.3 1141.3 1164.1 1185.6 1206.3 1226.8 1247.0 1287.3 1327.9 1369.0 1453.3 1540.8 1631.7 1726.2 1823.9

1201.6 1234.0 1263.6 1291.5 1318.6 1345.1 1371.4 1423.5 1475.6 1528.2 1635.0 1745.0 1858.3 1974.9 2094.9

1.5270 1.5636 1.5953 1.6237 1.6499 1.6743 1.6974 1.7406 1.7804 1.8177 1.8863 1.9488 2.0066 2.0607 2.1116

v ft3/lbm

s u h Btu/ Btu/lbm Btu/lbm lbm · R

P 140 psia (353.03°F) 3.2202 3.2584 3.4676 3.7147 3.9525 4.1845 4.4124 4.8604 5.3017 6.1732 7.0367 7.8961 8.7529 9.6082 10.4624

1109.9 1113.4 1131.5 1152.6 1172.9 1192.7 1212.3 1251.4 1290.8 1371.3 1455.0 1542.1 1632.8 1727.0 1824.6

1193.4 1197.8 1221.4 1248.9 1275.3 1301.1 1326.6 1377.3 1428.1 1531.3 1637.3 1746.6 1859.5 1975.9 2095.7

1.5757 1.5811 1.6092 1.6403 1.6686 1.6948 1.7195 1.7652 1.8072 1.8832 1.9512 2.0134 2.0711 2.1250 2.1758

P 200 psia (381.80°F) 2.2882 2.3615 2.5488 2.7247 2.8939 3.0586 3.3796 3.6934 4.0031 4.3099 4.9182 5.5222 6.1238 6.7238 7.3227

1114.1 1123.5 1146.7 1168.2 1188.9 1209.1 1249.0 1288.9 1329.2 1370.1 1454.0 1541.4 1632.2 1726.5 1824.3

1198.8 1210.9 1241.0 1269.0 1296.0 1322.3 1374.1 1425.6 1477.3 1529.6 1636.1 1745.7 1858.8 1975.4 2095.3

1.5460 1.5602 1.5943 1.6243 1.6516 1.6771 1.7238 1.7664 1.8059 1.8430 1.9113 1.9737 2.0315 2.0855 2.1363

P 275 psia (409.45°F) 1.6806 1.8034 1.9415 2.0715 2.1964 2.3179 2.4369 2.6699 2.8984 3.1241 3.5700 4.0116 4.4507 4.8882 5.3247

1117.0 1138.5 1162.0 1183.9 1204.9 1225.6 1246.0 1286.5 1327.3 1368.5 1452.9 1540.5 1631.5 1726.0 1823.8

1202.6 1230.3 1260.8 1289.3 1316.7 1343.5 1370.0 1422.4 1474.8 1527.4 1634.5 1744.6 1858.0 1974.7 2094.7

1.5187 1.5499 1.5825 1.6115 1.6380 1.6627 1.6860 1.7294 1.7694 1.8068 1.8755 1.9381 1.9960 2.0501 2.1010

v ft3/lbm

u Btu/lbm

s h Btu/ Btu/lbm lbm · R

P 160 psia (363.54°F) 2.8347

1111.6

1195.5

1.5647

3.0076 3.2293 3.4412 3.6469 3.8484 4.2434 4.6316 5.3968 6.1540 6.9070 7.6574 8.4063 9.1542

1129.0 1150.7 1171.4 1191.4 1211.3 1250.6 1290.2 1370.9 1454.7 1541.8 1632.6 1726.9 1824.5

1218.0 1246.3 1273.2 1299.4 1325.2 1376.3 1427.3 1530.7 1636.9 1746.3 1859.3 1975.7 2095.5

1.5914 1.6234 1.6522 1.6788 1.7037 1.7498 1.7920 1.8682 1.9363 1.9986 2.0563 2.1102 2.1610

P 225 psia (391.80°F) 2.0423 2.0728 2.2457 2.4059 2.5590 2.7075 2.9956 3.2765 3.5530 3.8268 4.3689 4.9068 5.4422 5.9760 6.5087

1115.3 1119.7 1144.1 1166.2 1187.2 1207.7 1248.0 1288.1 1328.5 1369.5 1453.6 1541.1 1632.0 1726.4 1824.1

1200.3 1206.0 1237.6 1266.3 1293.8 1320.5 1372.7 1424.5 1476.5 1528.9 1635.6 1745.4 1858.6 1975.2 2095.1

1.5360 1.5427 1.5783 1.6091 1.6370 1.6628 1.7099 1.7528 1.7925 1.8296 1.8981 1.9606 2.0184 2.0724 2.1232

P 300 psia (417.35°F) 1.5435 1.6369 1.7670 1.8885 2.0046 2.1172 2.2273 2.4424 2.6529 2.8605 3.2704 3.6759 4.0789 4.4803 4.8807

1117.7 1135.6 1159.8 1182.1 1203.5 1224.4 1244.9 1285.7 1326.6 1367.9 1452.5 1540.2 1631.3 1725.8 1823.6

1203.3 1226.4 1257.9 1287.0 1314.8 1341.9 1368.6 1421.3 1473.9 1526.7 1634.0 1744.2 1857.7 1974.5 2094.6

1.5111 1.5369 1.5706 1.6001 1.6270 1.6520 1.6755 1.7192 1.7593 1.7968 1.8657 1.9284 1.9863 2.0404 2.0913

7/12/11 14:26:53

970

TABLAS DE PROPIEDADES, FIGURAS Y DIAGRAMAS (UNIDADES INGLESAS)

TABLA A-6E Vapor de agua sobrecalentado (continuación) T °F

v ft3/lbm

s u h Btu/ Btu/lbm Btu/lbm lbm · R

P 350 psia (431.74°F) Sat. 450 500 550 600 650 700 800 900 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000

1.3263 1.3739 1.4921 1.6004 1.7030 1.8018 1.8979 2.0848 2.2671 2.4464 2.7996 3.1484 3.4947 3.8394 4.1830

Sat. 500 550 600 650 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000

0.92815 0.99304 1.07974 1.15876 1.23312 1.30440 1.44097 1.57252 1.70094 1.82726 1.95211 2.1988 2.4430 2.6856 2.9271

1118.5 1129.3 1155.2 1178.6 1200.6 1221.9 1242.8 1284.1 1325.3 1366.9 1451.7 1539.6 1630.8 1725.4 1823.3

1204.4 1218.3 1251.9 1282.2 1310.9 1338.6 1365.8 1419.1 1472.2 1525.3 1633.0 1743.5 1857.1 1974.0 2094.2

1.4973 1.5128 1.5487 1.5795 1.6073 1.6328 1.6567 1.7009 1.7414 1.7791 1.8483 1.9111 1.9691 2.0233 2.0742

P 500 psia (467.04°F) 1119.1 1140.1 1167.1 1191.4 1214.3 1236.4 1279.2 1321.4 1363.6 1406.2 1449.4 1537.8 1629.4 1724.2 1822.3

1205.0 1231.9 1267.0 1298.6 1328.4 1357.0 1412.5 1466.9 1521.0 1575.3 1630.0 1741.2 1855.4 1972.7 2093.1

1.4642 1.4928 1.5284 1.5590 1.5865 1.6117 1.6576 1.6992 1.7376 1.7735 1.8075 1.8708 1.9291 1.9834 2.0345

P 800 psia (518.27°F) Sat. 550 600 650 700 750 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000

0.56920 0.61586 0.67799 0.73279 0.78330 0.83102 0.87678 0.96434 1.04841 1.13024 1.21051 1.36797 1.52283 1.67606 1.82823

19Appendix_02 ITALICAS.qxd 970

1115.0 1139.4 1170.5 1197.6 1222.4 1246.0 1268.9 1313.3 1357.0 1400.7 1444.6 1534.2 1626.5 1721.9 1820.4

1199.3 1230.5 1270.9 1306.0 1338.4 1369.1 1398.7 1456.0 1512.2 1568.0 1623.8 1736.7 1851.9 1970.0 2091.0

1.4162 1.4476 1.4866 1.5191 1.5476 1.5735 1.5975 1.6413 1.6812 1.7181 1.7528 1.8170 1.8759 1.9306 1.9819

v ft3/lbm

s u h Btu/ Btu/lbm Btu/lbm lbm · R

P 400 psia (444.62°F) 1.1617 1.1747 1.2851 1.3840 1.4765 1.5650 1.6507 1.8166 1.9777 2.1358 2.4465 2.7527 3.0565 3.3586 3.6597

1119.0 1122.5 1150.4 1174.9 1197.6 1219.4 1240.7 1282.5 1324.0 1365.8 1450.9 1539.0 1630.3 1725.0 1823.0

1205.0 1209.4 1245.6 1277.3 1306.9 1335.3 1362.9 1417.0 1470.4 1523.9 1632.0 1742.7 1856.5 1973.6 2093.9

1.4852 1.4901 1.5288 1.5610 1.5897 1.6158 1.6401 1.6849 1.7257 1.7636 1.8331 1.8960 1.9541 2.0084 2.0594

P 600 psia (486.24°F) 0.77020 0.79526 0.87542 0.94605 1.01133 1.07316 1.19038 1.30230 1.41097 1.51749 1.62252 1.82957 2.0340 2.2369 2.4387

1118.3 1128.2 1158.7 1184.9 1209.0 1231.9 1275.8 1318.7 1361.4 1404.4 1447.8 1536.6 1628.4 1723.4 1821.7

1203.9 1216.5 1255.9 1289.9 1321.3 1351.0 1408.0 1463.3 1518.1 1572.9 1627.9 1739.7 1854.2 1971.8 2092.4

1.4463 1.4596 1.4996 1.5325 1.5614 1.5877 1.6348 1.6771 1.7160 1.7522 1.7865 1.8501 1.9085 1.9630 2.0141

P 1000 psia (544.65°F) 0.44604 0.45375 0.51431 0.56411 0.60844 0.64944 0.68821 0.76136 0.83078 0.89783 0.96327 1.09101 1.21610 1.33956 1.46194

1110.1 1115.2 1154.1 1185.1 1212.4 1237.6 1261.7 1307.7 1352.5 1396.9 1441.4 1531.8 1624.6 1720.3 1819.1

1192.6 1199.2 1249.3 1289.5 1325.0 1357.8 1389.0 1448.6 1506.2 1563.1 1619.7 1733.7 1849.6 1968.2 2089.6

1.3906 1.3972 1.4457 1.4827 1.5140 1.5418 1.5670 1.6126 1.6535 1.6911 1.7263 1.7911 1.8504 1.9053 1.9568

v ft3/lbm

s u h Btu/ Btu/lbm Btu/lbm lbm · R

P 450 psia (456.31°F) 1.0324

1119.2

1205.2

1.4742

1.1233 1.2152 1.3001 1.3807 1.4584 1.6080 1.7526 1.8942 2.1718 2.4450 2.7157 2.9847 3.2527

1145.4 1171.1 1194.6 1216.9 1238.5 1280.8 1322.7 1364.7 1450.1 1538.4 1629.8 1724.6 1822.6

1238.9 1272.3 1302.8 1331.9 1360.0 1414.7 1468.6 1522.4 1631.0 1742.0 1856.0 1973.2 2093.5

1.5103 1.5441 1.5737 1.6005 1.6253 1.6706 1.7117 1.7499 1.8196 1.8827 1.9409 1.9952 2.0462

P 700 psia (503.13°F) 0.65589

1116.9

1201.9

1.4305

0.72799 0.79332 0.85242 0.90769 1.01125 1.10921 1.20381 1.29621 1.38709 1.56580 1.74192 1.91643 2.08987

1149.5 1177.9 1203.4 1227.2 1272.4 1316.0 1359.2 1402.5 1446.2 1535.4 1627.5 1722.7 1821.0

1243.8 1280.7 1313.8 1344.8 1403.4 1459.7 1515.2 1570.4 1625.9 1738.2 1853.1 1970.9 2091.7

1.4730 1.5087 1.5393 1.5666 1.6150 1.6581 1.6974 1.7341 1.7685 1.8324 1.8911 1.9457 1.9969

P 1250 psia (572.45°F) 0.34549

1102.0

1181.9

1.3623

0.37894 0.42703 0.46735 0.50344 0.53687 0.59876 0.65656 0.71184 0.76545 0.86944 0.97072 1.07036 1.16892

1129.5 1167.5 1198.7 1226.4 1252.2 1300.5 1346.7 1392.2 1437.4 1528.7 1622.2 1718.4 1817.5

1217.2 1266.3 1306.8 1342.9 1376.4 1439.0 1498.6 1556.8 1614.5 1729.8 1846.7 1966.0 2087.9

1.3961 1.4414 1.4771 1.5076 1.5347 1.5826 1.6249 1.6635 1.6993 1.7649 1.8246 1.8799 1.9315

7/12/11 14:26:53

971

APÉNDICE 2

TABLA A-6E Vapor de agua sobrecalentado (conclusión) T °F

v ft3/lbm

u Btu/lbm

s h Btu/ Btu/lbm lbm · R

P 1500 psia (596.26°F) 1092.1 1097.2 1147.2 1183.6 1214.4 1242.2 1268.2 1293.1 1340.9 1387.3 1433.3 1525.7 1619.8 1716.4 1815.9

1169.0 1175.4 1239.7 1286.9 1326.9 1363.1 1396.9 1429.2 1490.8 1550.5 1609.2 1726.0 1843.8 1963.7 2086.1

1.3362 1.3423 1.4016 1.4433 1.4771 1.5064 1.5328 1.5569 1.6007 1.6402 1.6767 1.7432 1.8033 1.8589 1.9108

v ft3/lbm

s u h Btu/ Btu/lbm Btu/lbm lbm · R

P 1750 psia (617.17°F)

Sat. 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 1000 1100 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000

0.27695 0.28189 0.33310 0.37198 0.40535 0.43550 0.46356 0.49015 0.54031 0.58781 0.63355 0.72172 0.80714 0.89090 0.97358

Sat. 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 1100 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000

0.13076

1031.2

1091.7

1.2330

0.08460

969.8

1016.8

1.1587

0.16849 0.20327 0.22949 0.25174 0.27165 0.29001 0.30726 0.33949 0.36966 0.42631 0.48004 0.53205 0.58295

1098.4 1154.9 1195.9 1230.1 1260.7 1289.1 1316.1 1367.3 1416.6 1513.3 1610.1 1708.6 1809.4

1176.3 1249.0 1302.0 1346.6 1386.4 1423.3 1458.2 1524.4 1587.6 1710.5 1832.2 1954.8 2079.1

1.3072 1.3686 1.4116 1.4463 1.4761 1.5028 1.5271 1.5710 1.6103 1.6802 1.7424 1.7991 1.8518

0.09838 0.14840 0.17601 0.19771 0.21640 0.23321 0.24876 0.27732 0.30367 0.35249 0.39830 0.44237 0.48532

1005.3 1114.1 1167.5 1208.2 1242.8 1273.9 1302.8 1356.8 1408.0 1507.0 1605.3 1704.7 1806.1

1059.9 1196.5 1265.3 1317.9 1362.9 1403.3 1440.9 1510.8 1576.6 1702.7 1826.4 1950.3 2075.6

1.1960 1.3118 1.3676 1.4086 1.4423 1.4716 1.4978 1.5441 1.5850 1.6567 1.7199 1.7773 1.8304

P 2500 psia (668.17°F)

0.02448 0.02871 0.06370 0.10520 0.12848 0.14647 0.16176 0.17538 0.19957 0.22121 0.24128 0.26028 0.29620 0.33033 0.36335

19Appendix_02 ITALICAS.qxd 971

657.9 742.3 962.1 1094.2 1156.7 1202.5 1240.7 1274.6 1335.1 1390.3 1443.0 1494.3 1595.5 1696.8 1799.7

676.1 763.6 1009.2 1172.1 1251.8 1310.9 1360.5 1404.4 1482.8 1554.1 1621.6 1687.0 1814.7 1941.4 2068.6

P 2000 psia (635.85°F)

1080.5

1153.9

1.3112

0.18815

1066.8

1136.4

1.2863

0.26292 0.30252 0.33455 0.36266 0.38835 0.41238 0.45719 0.49917 0.53932 0.61621 0.69031 0.76273 0.83406

1122.8 1166.8 1201.5 1231.7 1259.3 1285.4 1334.9 1382.4 1429.2 1522.6 1617.4 1714.5 1814.2

1207.9 1264.7 1309.8 1349.1 1385.1 1419.0 1482.9 1544.1 1603.9 1722.1 1840.9 1961.5 2084.3

1.3607 1.4108 1.4489 1.4807 1.5088 1.5341 1.5796 1.6201 1.6572 1.7245 1.7852 1.8410 1.8931

0.20586 0.24894 0.28074 0.30763 0.33169 0.35390 0.39479 0.43266 0.46864 0.53708 0.60269 0.66660 0.72942

1091.4 1147.6 1187.4 1220.5 1250.0 1277.5 1328.7 1377.5 1425.1 1519.5 1615.0 1712.5 1812.6

1167.6 1239.8 1291.3 1334.3 1372.8 1408.5 1474.9 1537.6 1598.5 1718.3 1838.0 1959.2 2082.6

1.3146 1.3783 1.4218 1.4567 1.4867 1.5134 1.5606 1.6021 1.6400 1.7081 1.7693 1.8255 1.8778

P 3000 psia (695.41°F)

P 3500 psia 0.02492 0.03065 0.10460 0.13639 0.15847 0.17659 0.19245 0.20687 0.23289 0.25654 0.29978 0.33994 0.37833 0.41561

P 5000 psia 0.8577 0.9347 1.1410 1.2734 1.3355 1.3799 1.4157 1.4463 1.4983 1.5426 1.5821 1.6182 1.6835 1.7422 1.7961

s u h Btu/ Btu/lbm Btu/lbm lbm · R

0.22681

P 4000 psia 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1600 1800 2000

v ft3/lbm

0.02379 0.02678 0.03373 0.05937 0.08551 0.10390 0.11863 0.13128 0.15298 0.17185 0.18902 0.20508 0.23505 0.26320 0.29023

648.3 721.8 821.8 986.9 1092.4 1155.9 1203.9 1244.0 1312.2 1372.1 1427.8 1481.4 1585.6 1689.0 1793.2

670.3 746.6 853.0 1041.8 1171.5 1252.1 1313.6 1365.5 1453.8 1531.1 1602.7 1671.1 1803.1 1932.5 2061.7

663.7 760.0 1057.6 1134.3 1183.8 1223.4 1257.8 1289.0 1346.1 1399.3 1500.7 1600.4 1700.8 1802.9

679.9 779.9 1125.4 1222.6 1286.5 1337.8 1382.4 1423.0 1496.9 1565.4 1694.8 1820.5 1945.8 2072.1

0.8632 0.9511 1.2434 1.3224 1.3721 1.4106 1.4428 1.4711 1.5201 1.5627 1.6364 1.7006 1.7586 1.8121

P 6000 psia 0.8485 0.9156 1.0054 1.1581 1.2593 1.3198 1.3643 1.4004 1.4590 1.5070 1.5490 1.5868 1.6542 1.7142 1.7689

0.02325 0.02564 0.02981 0.03949 0.05815 0.07584 0.09010 0.10208 0.12211 0.13911 0.15434 0.16841 0.19438 0.21853 0.24155

640.3 708.1 788.7 897.1 1018.6 1103.5 1163.7 1211.4 1288.4 1353.4 1412.5 1468.4 1575.7 1681.1 1786.7

666.1 736.5 821.8 941.0 1083.1 1187.7 1263.7 1324.7 1424.0 1507.8 1583.8 1655.4 1791.5 1923.7 2054.9

0.8408 0.9028 0.9747 1.0711 1.1819 1.2603 1.3153 1.3578 1.4237 1.4758 1.5203 1.5598 1.6294 1.6907 1.7463

7/12/11 14:26:53

972

TABLAS DE PROPIEDADES, FIGURAS Y DIAGRAMAS (UNIDADES INGLESAS)

TABLA A-7E Agua líquida comprimida T °F

v ft3/lbm

u h Btu/lbm Btu/lbm

Sat. 32 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550

0.019750 0.015994 0.015998 0.016107 0.016317 0.016607 0.016972 0.017417 0.017954 0.018609 0.019425

s v Btu/lbm · R ft3/lbm

P 500 psia (467.04°F) 447.68 0.01 18.03 67.86 117.70 167.70 218.04 268.92 320.64 373.61 428.44

449.51 1.49 19.51 69.35 119.21 169.24 219.61 270.53 322.30 375.33 430.24

0.64900 0.00001 0.03601 0.12930 0.21462 0.29349 0.36708 0.43641 0.50240 0.56595 0.62802

P 2000 psia (635.85°F) Sat. 32 50 100 200 300 400 450 500 560 600 640 680 700

0.025634 0.015912 0.015921 0.016035 0.016527 0.017310 0.018442 0.019199 0.020154 0.021739 0.023317

662.33 0.07 17.91 67.36 166.54 266.92 370.30 424.06 480.08 552.21 605.77

19Appendix_02 ITALICAS.qxd 972

671.82 5.96 23.80 73.30 172.66 273.33 377.12 431.16 487.54 560.26 614.40

0.86224 0.00010 0.03574 0.12838 0.29170 0.43376 0.56205 0.62314 0.68346 0.75692 0.80898

u h s v Btu/lbm Btu/lbm Btu/lbm · R ft3/lbm P 1000 psia (544.65°F)

0.021595 0.015966 0.015972 0.016083 0.016292 0.016580 0.016941 0.017380 0.017910 0.018552 0.019347 0.020368

538.58 0.03 17.99 67.69 117.42 167.31 217.51 268.24 319.77 372.48 426.93 484.03

542.57 2.99 20.95 70.67 120.43 170.38 220.65 271.46 323.08 375.91 430.51 487.80

0.74341 0.00005 0.03593 0.12899 0.21416 0.29289 0.36634 0.43551 0.50132 0.56463 0.62635 0.68764

P 1500 psia (596.26°F) 0.023456 0.015939 0.015946 0.016059 0.016267 0.016553 0.016911 0.017345 0.017866 0.018496 0.019271 0.020258 0.021595

P 3000 psia (695.41°F) 0.034335 0.015859 0.015870 0.015988 0.016475 0.017242 0.018338 0.019062 0.019960 0.021405 0.022759 0.024765 0.028821

783.39 0.10 17.83 67.04 165.79 265.65 368.22 421.36 476.45 546.59 597.42 654.52 728.63

802.45 8.90 26.64 75.91 174.94 275.22 378.41 431.94 487.53 558.47 610.06 668.27 744.64

0.97321 0.00011 0.03554 0.12776 0.29053 0.43204 0.55959 0.62010 0.67958 0.75126 0.80086 0.85476 0.92288

u h s Btu/lbm Btu/lbm Btu/lbm · R

605.07 0.05 17.95 67.53 117.14 166.92 217.00 267.57 318.91 371.37 425.47 482.01 542.50

611.58 4.48 22.38 71.98 121.66 171.52 221.69 272.39 323.87 376.51 430.82 487.63 548.50

0.80836 0.00008 0.03584 0.12869 0.21369 0.29229 0.36560 0.43463 0.50025 0.56333 0.62472 0.68550 0.74731

P 5000 psia 0.015756 0.015773 0.015897 0.016375 0.017112 0.018145 0.018812 0.019620 0.020862 0.021943 0.023358 0.025366 0.026777

0.13 17.65 66.41 164.36 263.24 364.35 416.40 469.94 537.08 584.42 634.95 690.67 721.78

14.71 32.25 81.12 179.51 279.07 381.14 433.80 488.10 556.38 604.72 656.56 714.14 746.56

0.00002 0.03505 0.12652 0.28824 0.42874 0.55492 0.61445 0.67254 0.74154 0.78803 0.83603 0.88745 0.91564

7/12/11 14:26:53

973

APÉNDICE 2

TABLA A-8E Hielo saturado. Vapor de agua

Temp., T °F

Pres. sat., Psat psia

32.018 32 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

0.08871 0.08864 0.08086 0.06405 0.05049 0.03960 0.03089 0.02397 0.01850 0.01420 0.01083 0.00821 0.00619 0.00463 0.00344 0.00254 0.00186

19Appendix_02 ITALICAS.qxd 973

Volumen específico, ft3/lbm Hielo sat., vi

Vapor sat., vg

0.01747 3299.6 0.01747 3302.6 0.01747 3605.8 0.01746 4505.8 0.01746 5657.6 0.01745 7138.9 0.01744 9054.0 0.01743 11,543 0.01743 14,797 0.01742 19,075 0.01741 24,731 0.01740 32,257 0.01740 42,335 0.01739 55,917 0.01738 74,345 0.01738 99,526 0.01737 134,182

Energía interna, Btu/lbm

Entalpía, Btu/lbm

Entropía, Btu/Ibm · R

Hielo sat., ui

Subl., uig

Vapor sat., ug

Hielo sat., hi

Subl., hig

Vapor sat., hg

Hielo sat., si

Subl., sig

Vapor sat., sg

143.34 143.35 144.35 146.85 149.32 151.76 154.18 156.57 158.94 161.28 163.60 165.90 168.16 170.41 172.63 174.83 177.00

1164.2 1164.2 1164.6 1165.4 1166.2 1167.0 1167.8 1168.5 1169.2 1169.9 1170.6 1171.2 1171.8 1172.4 1173.0 1173.5 1174.0

1020.9 1020.9 1020.2 1018.6 1016.9 1015.2 1013.6 1011.9 1010.3 1008.6 1007.0 1005.3 1003.6 1002.0 1000.3 998.7 997.0

143.34 143.35 144.35 146.85 149.32 151.76 154.18 156.57 158.94 161.28 163.60 165.90 168.16 170.41 172.63 174.83 177.00

1218.3 1218.4 1218.5 1218.8 1219.1 1219.3 1219.5 1219.7 1219.9 1220.0 1220.1 1220.2 1220.3 1220.3 1220.3 1220.3 1220.3

1075.0 1075.0 1074.2 1072.0 1069.8 1067.6 1065.4 1063.1 1060.9 1058.7 1056.5 1054.3 1052.1 1049.9 1047.7 1045.5 1043.3

0.29146 0.29148 0.29353 0.29865 0.30377 0.30889 0.31401 0.31913 0.32426 0.32938 0.33451 0.33964 0.34478 0.34991 0.35505 0.36019 0.36534

2.4779 2.4779 2.4883 2.5146 2.5414 2.5687 2.5965 2.6248 2.6537 2.6832 2.7133 2.7440 2.7754 2.8074 2.8401 2.8735 2.9076

2.1864 2.1865 2.1948 2.2160 2.2376 2.2598 2.2825 2.3057 2.3295 2.3538 2.3788 2.4044 2.4306 2.4575 2.4850 2.5133 2.5423

7/12/11 14:26:54

974

TABLAS DE PROPIEDADES, FIGURAS Y DIAGRAMAS (UNIDADES INGLESAS) f/in 2

1800

nstante lb Presión c o

1720

10 50

100

30

14.696

1600

0.4

95 0

10

85 0

1 2

150 00 10 0 80 00 00

10

0

300 200

100

400

1220

96

300

1180

10 0

14.6

10

1160 1140

1120

0.5

95

0.2

1.5

200

2

11 00

4

6

50

1100

100

0. 1

30

1200

1000

5

1.0

2000

50 0

25 0

2000 0.5

500

30 0

1

100

200

1000

400

600

45

40

35

600

20 0

90

80

85

30

1280

70

60

500

0

15 0

1 10 050 90 950 00 0 75

85 0 10 0 200

65

50

55

25

0 75

0 70

0 60

0 65

0 55

500

450

350

400

300

200

250

100

150

50

20

1300

120 0

10

50

45

40 0 Entalpía constante Btu/lbm 35 0

1220

20

15

1320

60

400

3 ft /lbm

1340

12 4 0

5

700

50 0

50

Volum en cons tante ft 3 /lbm

15 00 10 00

0.0 0.03 560 53

°F

con stan te, p orc enta je

ante

idad

onst

do c

0 115 0 110

0 100

900

m /lb 80 0 Btu nt e nsta Entalpía co 700

500

2

1360

1260

1

600

Cal

enta

20 00

ecal

0.2

55 0

1380

20

00

Sobr

1 0.

0.4

800

60 0

1400

0 30 25

0.6

65 0

1420

5

4

0

32 0

400

900

70 0

1460 1440

700

10

75 0

Temperatura, ºF

0.6

1000

80 0

1500

00 60 00 50

800

0.0

2

4

6

1560

1480

900

stante en con Volum

1100

90 0

1540

100 0

400

1200

10 00

1620

600

1000

1660

1520

500

1300

11 00

1640

1580

110 0

600

1400

00

11 50

1700

0.2

0.05053

0.1

0

12

1740

400 300 200

130

12 50

1760

1680

600

8000

1400

120 0

5000 6000 3204 4000 2500 3000

1000 0

1500 0

1500

13 00

1780

2.0

60 32 2.4

Entropía, Btu/lbm·R

FIGURA A-9E Diagrama T-s para el agua.

Fuente: Joseph H. Keenan, Frederick G. Keyes, Philip G. Hill y Joan G. Moore, Steam Tables, Nueva York, John Wiley & Sons, 1969.

19Appendix_02 ITALICAS.qxd 974

7/12/11 14:26:54

975

APÉNDICE 2 Entropía, Btu/lbm · R 1.6

1.7

1.8

1.9 F 1100°°F

2.0

2.1

2.2

1600

1550 1000

500

1500 900

200

300

100 0

3204 200 0

10,00 0 psi a 5000

1.5

1450

1350

10

600

Entalpía, Btu / lbm

1400

20

F 700°°F

50 psia

100

800

1300

8 5 6 2p 3 4 sia

500

400

2.1 1050 2.0

84

1000

2

0 19Appendix_02 ITALICAS.qxd 975

1.6

2

1100

0.

0.8

1.5

2.2

0.

100

0.8

1.4

1150

0.

200°F 200 200° °F

5

Lín satu ea de r x = ación 0.9 8 0.9 6 0.9 4 0.9 2 0.9 0 0.8 8 0.

86

1.3

1200 1.0

300

1250

1.9 950

1.7 1.8 Entropía, Btu/lbm · R

FIGURA A-10E Diagrama de Mollier para el agua.

Fuente: Joseph H. Keenan, Frederick G. Keyes, Philip G. Hill y Joan G. Moore, Steam Tables, Nueva York, John Wiley & Sons, 1969.

7/12/11 14:26:54

976

TABLAS DE PROPIEDADES, FIGURAS Y DIAGRAMAS (UNIDADES INGLESAS)

TABLA A-11E Refrigerante 134a saturado. Tabla de temperatura Volumen específico, ft3/lbm

Energía interna, Btu/lbm

Entalpía, Btu/lbm

Pres.

Temp., sat., T °F Psat psia

Líq. sat., vf

Vapor sat., vg

Líq. sat., uf

Evap., ufg

40 35 30 25 20 15 10

7.432 8.581 9.869 11.306 12.906 14.680 16.642

0.01130 0.01136 0.01143 0.01150 0.01156 0.01163 0.01171

5.7796 5.0509 4.4300 3.8988 3.4426 3.0494 2.7091

0.016 1.484 2.990 4.502 6.019 7.543 9.073

89.167 88.352 87.532 86.706 85.874 85.036 84.191

89.15 89.84 90.52 91.21 91.89 92.58 93.26

0.000 1.502 3.011 4.526 6.047 7.574 9.109

5 0 5 10 15

18.806 21.185 23.793 26.646 29.759

0.01178 0.01185 0.01193 0.01201 0.01209

2.4137 2.1564 1.9316 1.7345 1.5612

10.609 12.152 13.702 15.259 16.823

83.339 82.479 81.610 80.733 79.846

93.95 94.63 95.31 95.99 96.67

20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55

33.147 36.826 40.813 45.124 49.776 54.787 60.175 65.957

0.01217 0.01225 0.01234 0.01242 0.01251 0.01261 0.01270 0.01280

1.4084 1.2732 1.1534 1.0470 0.95205 0.86727 0.79136 0.72323

18.394 19.973 21.560 23.154 24.757 26.369 27.990 29.619

78.950 78.043 77.124 76.195 75.253 74.298 73.329 72.346

60 65 70 75 80 85 90

72.152 78.780 85.858 93.408 101.45 110.00 119.08

0.01290 0.01301 0.01312 0.01323 0.01334 0.01347 0.01359

0.66195 0.60671 0.55681 0.51165 0.47069 0.43348 0.39959

31.258 32.908 34.567 36.237 37.919 39.612 41.317

95 100 105 110 115

128.72 138.93 149.73 161.16 173.23

0.01372 0.01386 0.01400 0.01415 0.01430

0.36869 0.34045 0.31460 0.29090 0.26913

120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210

185.96 213.53 244.06 277.79 314.94 355.80 400.66 449.90 504.00 563.76

0.01446 0.01482 0.01521 0.01567 0.01619 0.01681 0.01759 0.01860 0.02009 0.02309

0.24909 0.21356 0.18315 0.15692 0.13410 0.11405 0.09618 0.07990 0.06441 0.04722

Vapor sat., ug

Líq. sat., hf

Entropía, Btu/lbm · R Líq. sat., sf

Evap., sfg

Vapor sat., sg

97.100 97.10 96.354 97.86 95.601 98.61 94.839 99.36 94.068 100.12 93.288 100.86 92.498 101.61

0.00000 0.00355 0.00708 0.01058 0.01405 0.01749 0.02092

0.23135 0.22687 0.22248 0.21817 0.21394 0.20978 0.20569

0.23135 0.23043 0.22956 0.22875 0.22798 0.22727 0.22660

10.650 12.199 13.755 15.318 16.889

91.698 90.886 90.062 89.226 88.377

102.35 103.08 103.82 104.54 105.27

0.02431 0.02769 0.03104 0.03438 0.03769

0.20166 0.19770 0.19380 0.18996 0.18617

0.22598 0.22539 0.22485 0.22434 0.22386

97.34 98.02 98.68 99.35 100.01 100.67 101.32 101.97

18.469 20.056 21.653 23.258 24.873 26.497 28.131 29.775

87.514 86.636 85.742 84.833 83.907 82.963 82.000 81.017

105.98 106.69 107.40 108.09 108.78 109.46 110.13 110.79

0.04098 0.04426 0.04752 0.05076 0.05398 0.05720 0.06039 0.06358

0.18243 0.17874 0.17509 0.17148 0.16791 0.16437 0.16087 0.15740

0.22341 0.22300 0.22260 0.22224 0.22189 0.22157 0.22127 0.22098

71.347 70.333 69.301 68.251 67.181 66.091 64.979

102.61 103.24 103.87 104.49 105.10 105.70 106.30

31.431 33.097 34.776 36.466 38.169 39.886 41.617

80.013 78.988 77.939 76.866 75.767 74.641 73.485

111.44 112.09 112.71 113.33 113.94 114.53 115.10

0.06675 0.06991 0.07306 0.07620 0.07934 0.08246 0.08559

0.15396 0.15053 0.14713 0.14375 0.14038 0.13703 0.13368

0.22070 0.22044 0.22019 0.21995 0.21972 0.21949 0.21926

43.036 44.768 46.514 48.276 50.054

63.844 62.683 61.496 60.279 59.031

106.88 107.45 108.01 108.56 109.08

43.363 45.124 46.902 48.698 50.512

72.299 71.080 69.825 68.533 67.200

115.66 116.20 116.73 117.23 117.71

0.08870 0.09182 0.09493 0.09804 0.10116

0.13033 0.12699 0.12365 0.12029 0.11693

0.21904 0.21881 0.21858 0.21834 0.21809

51.849 55.495 59.226 63.059 67.014 71.126 75.448 80.082 85.267 91.986

57.749 55.071 52.216 49.144 45.799 42.097 37.899 32.950 26.651 16.498

109.60 110.57 111.44 112.20 112.81 113.22 113.35 113.03 111.92 108.48

52.346 56.080 59.913 63.864 67.958 72.233 76.752 81.631 87.140 94.395

65.823 62.924 59.801 56.405 52.671 48.499 43.726 38.053 30.785 19.015

118.17 119.00 119.71 120.27 120.63 120.73 120.48 119.68 117.93 113.41

0.10428 0.11054 0.11684 0.12321 0.12970 0.13634 0.14323 0.15055 0.15867 0.16922

0.11354 0.10670 0.09971 0.09251 0.08499 0.07701 0.06835 0.05857 0.04666 0.02839

0.21782 0.21724 0.21655 0.21572 0.21469 0.21335 0.21158 0.20911 0.20533 0.19761

Evap., hfg

Vapor sat., hg

Fuente: Las tablas A-11E a A-13E se generaron utilizando el programa para resolver ecuaciones de ingeniería (EES) desarrollado por S. A. Klein y F. L. Alvarado. La rutina utilizada en los cálculos es el R134a, el cual está basado en la ecuación fundamental de estado desarrollada por R. Tillner-Roth y H. D. Baehr, “An International Standard Formulation for the Thermodynamic Properties de 1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoretano (HFC-134a) for temperatures from 170 K to 455 K and pressures up to 70 MPa”, J. Phys. Chem, Ref. Data, vol. 23, núm. 5, 1994. Los valores de entalpía y entropía para el líquido saturado son cero a –40°C (y –40°F).

19Appendix_02 ITALICAS.qxd 976

7/12/11 14:26:54

977

APÉNDICE 2

TABLA A-12E Refrigerante 134a saturado. Tabla de presión Volumen específico, ft3/lbm

Pres., P psia

Temp. sat., T °F

Líq. sat., vf

Vapor sat., vg

5 10 15 20 25

53.09 29.52 14.15 2.43 7.17

0.01113 0.01144 0.01165 0.01182 0.01196

8.3785 4.3753 2.9880 2.2772 1.8429

30 35 40 45 50

15.37 22.57 29.01 34.86 40.23

0.01209 0.01221 0.01232 0.01242 0.01252

55 60 65 70 75

45.20 49.84 54.20 58.30 62.19

80 85 90 95 100

Energía interna, Btu/lbm

Entropía, Btu/lbm · R

Evap., ufg

Vapor sat., ug

Líq. sat., hf

Evap., hfg

Vapor sat., hg

Líq. sat., sf

Evap., sfg

Vapor sat., sg

3.918 3.135 7.803 11.401 14.377

91.280 87.453 84.893 82.898 81.231

87.36 90.59 92.70 94.30 95.61

3.907 3.156 7.835 11.445 14.432

99.022 95.528 93.155 91.282 89.701

95.11 98.68 100.99 102.73 104.13

0.00945 0.00742 0.01808 0.02605 0.03249

0.24353 0.22206 0.20908 0.19962 0.19213

0.23408 0.22948 0.22715 0.22567 0.22462

1.5492 1.3369 1.1760 1.0497 0.94791

16.939 19.205 21.246 23.110 24.832

79.780 78.485 77.307 76.221 75.209

96.72 97.69 98.55 99.33 100.04

17.006 19.284 21.337 23.214 24.948

88.313 87.064 85.920 84.858 83.863

105.32 106.35 107.26 108.07 108.81

0.03793 0.04267 0.04688 0.05067 0.05413

0.18589 0.18053 0.17580 0.17158 0.16774

0.22383 0.22319 0.22268 0.22225 0.22188

0.01261 0.01270 0.01279 0.01287 0.01295

0.86400 0.79361 0.73370 0.68205 0.63706

26.435 27.939 29.357 30.700 31.979

74.258 73.360 72.505 71.688 70.905

100.69 101.30 101.86 102.39 102.88

26.564 28.080 29.510 30.867 32.159

82.924 82.030 81.176 80.357 79.567

109.49 110.11 110.69 111.22 111.73

0.05733 0.06029 0.06307 0.06567 0.06813

0.16423 0.16098 0.15796 0.15512 0.15245

0.22156 0.22127 0.22102 0.22080 0.22059

65.89 69.41 72.78 76.02 79.12

0.01303 0.01310 0.01318 0.01325 0.01332

0.59750 0.56244 0.53113 0.50301 0.47760

33.201 34.371 35.495 36.578 37.623

70.151 69.424 68.719 68.035 67.371

103.35 103.79 104.21 104.61 104.99

33.394 34.577 35.715 36.811 37.869

78.804 78.064 77.345 76.645 75.962

112.20 112.64 113.06 113.46 113.83

0.07047 0.07269 0.07481 0.07684 0.07879

0.14993 0.14753 0.14525 0.14307 0.14097

0.22040 0.22022 0.22006 0.21991 0.21976

110 120 130 140 150

85.00 90.49 95.64 100.51 105.12

0.01347 0.01360 0.01374 0.01387 0.01400

0.43347 0.39644 0.36491 0.33771 0.31401

39.612 41.485 43.258 44.945 46.556

66.091 64.869 63.696 62.564 61.467

105.70 106.35 106.95 107.51 108.02

39.886 41.787 43.589 45.304 46.945

74.641 73.371 72.144 70.954 69.795

114.53 115.16 115.73 116.26 116.74

0.08246 0.08589 0.08911 0.09214 0.09501

0.13703 0.13335 0.12990 0.12665 0.12357

0.21949 0.21924 0.21901 0.21879 0.21857

160 170 180 190 200

109.50 113.69 117.69 121.53 125.22

0.01413 0.01426 0.01439 0.01452 0.01464

0.29316 0.27466 0.25813 0.24327 0.22983

48.101 49.586 51.018 52.402 53.743

60.401 59.362 58.345 57.349 56.371

108.50 108.95 109.36 109.75 110.11

48.519 50.035 51.497 52.912 54.285

68.662 67.553 66.464 65.392 64.335

117.18 117.59 117.96 118.30 118.62

0.09774 0.10034 0.10284 0.10524 0.10754

0.12062 0.11781 0.11511 0.11250 0.10998

0.21836 0.21815 0.21795 0.21774 0.21753

220 240 260 280 300

132.21 138.73 144.85 150.62 156.09

0.01490 0.01516 0.01543 0.01570 0.01598

0.20645 0.18677 0.16996 0.15541 0.14266

56.310 58.746 61.071 63.301 65.452

54.458 52.591 50.757 48.945 47.143

110.77 111.34 111.83 112.25 112.60

56.917 59.419 61.813 64.115 66.339

62.256 60.213 58.192 56.184 54.176

119.17 119.63 120.00 120.30 120.52

0.11192 0.11603 0.11992 0.12362 0.12715

0.10517 0.10061 0.09625 0.09205 0.08797

0.21710 0.21665 0.21617 0.21567 0.21512

350 400 450 500

168.64 179.86 190.02 199.29

0.01672 0.01757 0.01860 0.01995

0.11664 0.09642 0.07987 0.06551

70.554 75.385 80.092 84.871

42.627 37.963 32.939 27.168

113.18 113.35 113.03 112.04

71.638 76.686 81.641 86.718

49.099 43.798 38.041 31.382

120.74 120.48 119.68 118.10

0.13542 0.14314 0.15056 0.15805

0.07814 0.06848 0.05854 0.04762

0.21356 0.21161 0.20911 0.20566

19Appendix_02 ITALICAS.qxd 977

Líq. sat., uf

Entalpía, Btu/lbm

7/12/11 14:26:54

978

TABLAS DE PROPIEDADES, FIGURAS Y DIAGRAMAS (UNIDADES INGLESAS)

TABLA A-13E Refrigerante 134a sobrecalentado T °F

v ft3/lbm

s u h Btu/ Btu/lbm Btu/lbm lbm · R

P 10 psia (Tsat 29.52°F) Sat. 20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220

4.3753 4.4856 4.7135 4.9380 5.1600 5.3802 5.5989 5.8165 6.0331 6.2490 6.4642 6.6789 6.8930 7.1068

90.59 92.13 95.41 98.77 102.20 105.72 109.32 113.01 116.79 120.66 124.61 128.65 132.77 136.98

98.68 100.43 104.14 107.91 111.75 115.67 119.68 123.78 127.96 132.22 136.57 141.01 145.53 150.13

0.22948 0.23350 0.24174 0.24976 0.25761 0.26531 0.27288 0.28033 0.28767 0.29490 0.30203 0.30908 0.31604 0.32292

P 30 psia (Tsat 15.37°F) Sat. 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280

1.5492 1.5691 1.6528 1.7338 1.8130 1.8908 1.9675 2.0434 2.1185 2.1931 2.2671 2.3408 2.4141 2.4871 2.5598

Sat. 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320

0.7936 0.8179 0.8636 0.9072 0.9495 0.9908 1.0312 1.0709 1.1101 1.1489 1.1872 1.2252 1.2629 1.3004 1.3377

96.72 97.56 101.17 104.82 108.53 112.30 116.15 120.08 124.08 128.16 132.32 136.57 140.89 145.30 149.78

105.32 106.27 110.35 114.45 118.59 122.80 127.07 131.42 135.84 140.34 144.91 149.56 154.29 159.10 163.99

0.22383 0.22581 0.23414 0.24219 0.25002 0.25767 0.26517 0.27254 0.27979 0.28693 0.29398 0.30092 0.30778 0.31456 0.32126

P 60 psia (Tsat 49.84°F) 101.30 103.31 107.23 111.16 115.14 119.16 123.25 127.41 131.63 135.93 140.30 144.75 149.27 153.87 158.54

19Appendix_02 ITALICAS.qxd 978

110.11 112.39 116.82 121.24 125.68 130.16 134.70 139.30 143.96 148.69 153.48 158.35 163.29 168.31 173.39

0.22127 0.22570 0.23407 0.24211 0.24991 0.25751 0.26496 0.27226 0.27943 0.28649 0.29344 0.30030 0.30707 0.31376 0.32037

v ft3/lbm

s u h Btu/ Btu/lbm Btu/lbm lbm · R

P 15 psia (Tsat 14.15°F)

v ft3/lbm

s u h Btu/ Btu/lbm Btu/lbm lbm · R

P 20 psia (Tsat 2.43°F)

2.9880

92.70

100.99

0.22715

2.2772

94.30

102.73

0.22567

3.1001 3.2551 3.4074 3.5577 3.7064 3.8540 4.0006 4.1464 4.2915 4.4361 4.5802 4.7239

95.08 98.48 101.95 105.50 109.13 112.84 116.63 120.51 124.48 128.53 132.66 136.88

103.68 107.52 111.41 115.38 119.42 123.54 127.74 132.02 136.39 140.84 145.37 149.99

0.23310 0.24127 0.24922 0.25700 0.26463 0.27212 0.27950 0.28677 0.29393 0.30100 0.30798 0.31487

2.2922 2.4130 2.5306 2.6461 2.7600 2.8726 2.9842 3.0950 3.2051 3.3146 3.4237 3.5324

94.72 98.19 101.70 105.28 108.93 112.66 116.47 120.37 124.35 128.41 132.55 136.78

103.20 107.12 111.07 115.07 119.15 123.29 127.52 131.82 136.21 140.67 145.22 149.85

0.22671 0.23504 0.24311 0.25097 0.25866 0.26621 0.27363 0.28093 0.28812 0.29521 0.30221 0.30912

P 40 psia (Tsat 29.01°F)

P 50 psia (Tsat 40.23°F)

1.1760

98.55

107.26

0.22268

0.9479

100.04

108.81

0.22188

1.2126 1.2768 1.3389 1.3995 1.4588 1.5173 1.5750 1.6321 1.6887 1.7449 1.8007 1.8562 1.9114

100.61 104.34 108.11 111.93 115.82 119.78 123.81 127.91 132.10 136.36 140.70 145.12 149.61

109.58 113.79 118.02 122.29 126.62 131.01 135.47 140.00 144.60 149.27 154.03 158.86 163.76

0.22738 0.23565 0.24363 0.25140 0.25900 0.26644 0.27375 0.28095 0.28803 0.29501 0.30190 0.30871 0.31543

1.0019 1.0540 1.1043 1.1534 1.2015 1.2488 1.2955 1.3416 1.3873 1.4326 1.4776 1.5223

103.84 107.68 111.55 115.48 119.47 123.53 127.66 131.87 136.15 140.50 144.93 149.44

113.11 117.43 121.77 126.16 130.59 135.09 139.65 144.28 148.98 153.76 158.60 163.53

0.23031 0.23847 0.24637 0.25406 0.26159 0.26896 0.27621 0.28333 0.29036 0.29728 0.30411 0.31086

P 70 psia (Tsat 58.30°F) 0.6821 0.6857 0.7271 0.7662 0.8037 0.8401 0.8756 0.9105 0.9447 0.9785 1.0118 1.0449 1.0776 1.1101 1.1424

102.39 102.73 106.76 110.76 114.78 118.85 122.97 127.15 131.40 135.71 140.10 144.56 149.10 153.71 158.39

111.22 111.62 116.18 120.68 125.19 129.73 134.31 138.94 143.63 148.39 153.21 158.10 163.06 168.09 173.19

0.22080 0.22155 0.23016 0.23836 0.24628 0.25398 0.26149 0.26885 0.27607 0.28317 0.29015 0.29704 0.30384 0.31055 0.31718

P 80 psia (Tsat 65.89°F) 0.59750

103.35

112.20

0.22040

0.62430 0.66009 0.69415 0.72698 0.75888 0.79003 0.82059 0.85065 0.88030 0.90961 0.93861 0.96737 0.99590

106.26 110.34 114.42 118.52 122.68 126.89 131.16 135.49 139.90 144.37 148.92 153.54 158.24

115.51 120.11 124.69 129.29 133.91 138.58 143.31 148.09 152.93 157.84 162.82 167.86 172.98

0.22661 0.23499 0.24304 0.25083 0.25841 0.26583 0.27310 0.28024 0.28726 0.29418 0.30100 0.30773 0.31438

7/12/11 14:26:55

979

APÉNDICE 2

TABLA A-13E Refrigerante 134a sobrecalentado (conclusión) T °F

v ft3/lbm

u Btu/lbm

h Btu/lbm

s Btu/ lbm · R

P 90 psia (Tsat 72.78°F) Sat. 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320

0.53113 0.54388 0.57729 0.60874 0.63885 0.66796 0.69629 0.72399 0.75119 0.77796 0.80437 0.83048 0.85633 0.88195

104.21 105.74 109.91 114.04 118.19 122.38 126.62 130.92 135.27 139.69 144.19 148.75 153.38 158.08

113.06 114.80 119.52 124.18 128.83 133.51 138.22 142.97 147.78 152.65 157.58 162.58 167.64 172.77

0.22006 0.22330 0.23189 0.24008 0.24797 0.25563 0.26311 0.27043 0.27762 0.28468 0.29162 0.29847 0.30522 0.31189

P 140 psia (Tsat 100.50°F) Sat. 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360

0.33771 0.36243 0.38551 0.40711 0.42766 0.44743 0.46657 0.48522 0.50345 0.52134 0.53895 0.55630 0.57345 0.59041

107.51 111.96 116.41 120.81 125.22 129.65 134.12 138.64 143.21 147.85 152.54 157.30 162.13 167.02

116.26 121.35 126.40 131.36 136.30 141.24 146.21 151.21 156.26 161.35 166.50 171.71 176.98 182.32

0.21879 0.22773 0.23628 0.24443 0.25227 0.25988 0.26730 0.27455 0.28166 0.28864 0.29551 0.30228 0.30896 0.31555

P 200 psia (Tsat 125.22°F) Sat. 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360

0.22983 0.24541 0.26412 0.28115 0.29704 0.31212 0.32658 0.34054 0.35410 0.36733 0.38029 0.39300 0.40552

19Appendix_02 ITALICAS.qxd 979

110.11 113.85 118.66 123.35 128.00 132.64 137.30 141.99 146.72 151.50 156.33 161.22 166.17

118.62 122.93 128.44 133.76 138.99 144.19 149.38 154.59 159.82 165.09 170.40 175.77 181.18

0.21753 0.22481 0.23384 0.24229 0.25035 0.25812 0.26565 0.27298 0.28015 0.28718 0.29408 0.30087 0.30756

v ft3/lbm

u h Btu/lbm Btu/lbm

s Btu/ lbm · R

P 100 psia (Tsat 79.12°F) 0.47760 0.47906 0.51076 0.54022 0.56821 0.59513 0.62122 0.64667 0.67158 0.69605 0.72016 0.74396 0.76749 0.79079

104.99 105.18 109.45 113.66 117.86 122.08 126.35 130.67 135.05 139.49 143.99 148.57 153.21 157.93

113.83 114.05 118.90 123.65 128.37 133.09 137.85 142.64 147.47 152.37 157.32 162.34 167.42 172.56

0.21976 0.22016 0.22900 0.23733 0.24534 0.25309 0.26063 0.26801 0.27523 0.28233 0.28931 0.29618 0.30296 0.30964

P 160 psia (Tsat 109.50°F) 0.29316 0.30578 0.32774 0.34790 0.36686 0.38494 0.40234 0.41921 0.43564 0.45171 0.46748 0.48299 0.49828 0.51338

108.50 111.01 115.62 120.13 124.62 129.12 133.64 138.20 142.81 147.48 152.20 156.98 161.83 166.74

117.18 120.06 125.32 130.43 135.49 140.52 145.55 150.62 155.71 160.85 166.04 171.28 176.58 181.94

0.21836 0.22337 0.23230 0.24069 0.24871 0.25645 0.26397 0.27131 0.27849 0.28554 0.29246 0.29927 0.30598 0.31260

P 300 psia (Tsat 156.09°F)

v ft3/lbm

u h Btu/lbm Btu/lbm

s Btu/ lbm · R

P 120 psia (Tsat 90.49°F) 0.39644 106.35

115.16 0.21924

0.41013 0.43692 0.46190 0.48563 0.50844 0.53054 0.55206 0.57312 0.59379 0.61413 0.63420 0.65402

117.59 122.54 127.41 132.25 137.09 141.95 146.85 151.80 156.79 161.85 166.96 172.14

108.48 112.84 117.15 121.46 125.79 130.17 134.59 139.07 143.61 148.21 152.88 157.62

0.22362 0.23232 0.24058 0.24851 0.25619 0.26368 0.27100 0.27817 0.28521 0.29214 0.29896 0.30569

P 180 psia (Tsat 117.69°F) 0.25813 0.26083 0.28231 0.30154 0.31936 0.33619 0.35228 0.36779 0.38284 0.39751 0.41186 0.42594 0.43980 0.45347

109.36 109.94 114.77 119.42 124.00 128.57 133.15 137.76 142.40 147.10 151.85 156.66 161.53 166.46

117.96 118.63 124.17 129.46 134.64 139.77 144.88 150.01 155.16 160.34 165.57 170.85 176.18 181.56

0.21795 0.21910 0.22850 0.23718 0.24540 0.25330 0.26094 0.26837 0.27562 0.28273 0.28970 0.29656 0.30331 0.30996

P 400 psia (Tsat 179.86°F)

0.14266

112.60

120.52

0.21512 0.09642 113.35

120.48 0.21161

0.14656 0.16355 0.17776 0.19044 0.20211 0.21306 0.22347 0.23346 0.24310 0.25246 0.26159

113.82 119.52 124.78 129.85 134.83 139.77 144.70 149.65 154.63 159.64 164.70

121.95 128.60 134.65 140.42 146.05 151.59 157.11 162.61 168.12 173.66 179.22

0.21745 0.22802 0.23733 0.24594 0.25410 0.26192 0.26947 0.27681 0.28398 0.29098 0.29786

120.56 128.99 135.88 142.20 148.25 154.14 159.94 165.70 171.44 177.18

0.09658 0.11440 0.12746 0.13853 0.14844 0.15756 0.16611 0.17423 0.18201 0.18951

113.41 120.52 126.44 131.95 137.26 142.48 147.65 152.80 157.97 163.15

0.21173 0.22471 0.23500 0.24418 0.25270 0.26077 0.26851 0.27599 0.28326 0.29035

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980

TABLAS DE PROPIEDADES, FIGURAS Y DIAGRAMAS (UNIDADES INGLESAS)

1000

60

45

35

40

30

24

220

Densida

22

200

50

180

260 3000

20 20

60

100

140

180

40

10

6

0.4

620

20

0.12 0.096

540 580

0 500 .42

0.18

0.072 0.048

4

44660 0.4

0.4 420 2

0.4 0

0.3 8

s=

380

0. 3 6

340

220

260

T = 300° F

0.3 4

·R

0.3 2

Bt u / l bm

180

s=

60 10 0 140

0.9 Vapor satura do -60 -20 20

0.8

0.7

0.6

0.5

0.4

0.3

0.2

Líqu ido s atur ado 0.1

1 –20

0.3 0

0.26 0.28

0.22 0.24

0 .2 0

0.14 0 .1 6 0.18

0.10 0.12

0.06 0.08

0.04

.00 00.0 0.02

-0.04 -0.02

-20

2

100

0.48 0.36

T= 4

200

0.24

-60

10

400

2.4 1.8 1.2 0.96 0.72

40 20

1000

4.8 3.6

60

100

2000

m/ft33 d = 18 lb 12 9.6 7.2

140

T = 100°F

400

55

140

0

180

R-134a

Presión, psia

100

65

70

95

90

85

2000

60

75 l bm/ 3 ft3

20

80

–20 3000

0.036 0.024

4

0.018

2

0.012

220

1 260

Entalpía, Btu/lbm

FIGURA A-14E Diagrama P-h para el refrigerante 134a.

Reimpreso con autorización de la American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc., Atlanta, Georgia.

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APÉNDICE 2

TABLA A-16E Propiedades de la atmósfera a gran altitud Altitud, ft 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000 6500 7000 7500 8000 8500 9000 9500 10,000 11,000 12,000 13,000 14,000 15,000 16,000 17,000 18,000 19,000 20,000 22,000 24,000 26,000 28,000 30,000 32,000 34,000 36,000 38,000 40,000 45,000 50,000 55,000 60,000

Temperatura, °F 59.00 57.22 55.43 53.65 51.87 50.09 48.30 46.52 44.74 42.96 41.17 39.39 37.61 35.83 34.05 32.26 30.48 28.70 26.92 25.14 23.36 19.79 16.23 12.67 9.12 5.55 1.99 1.58 5.14 8.70 12.2 19.4 26.5 33.6 40.7 47.8 54.9 62.0 69.2 69.7 69.7 69.7 69.7 69.7 69.7

Presión, psia 14.7 14.4 14.2 13.9 13.7 13.4 13.2 12.9 12.7 12.5 12.2 12.0 11.8 11.6 11.3 11.1 10.9 10.7 10.5 10.3 10.1 9.72 9.34 8.99 8.63 8.29 7.97 7.65 7.34 7.05 6.76 6.21 5.70 5.22 4.78 4.37 3.99 3.63 3.30 3.05 2.73 2.148 1.691 1.332 1.048

Gravedad, g, ft/s2 32.174 32.173 32.171 32.169 32.168 32.166 32.165 32.163 32.162 32.160 32.159 32.157 32.156 32.154 32.152 32.151 32.149 32.148 32.146 32.145 32.145 32.140 32.137 32.134 32.131 32.128 32.125 32.122 32.119 32.115 32.112 32.106 32.100 32.094 32.088 32.082 32.08 32.07 32.06 32.06 32.05 32.04 32.02 32.00 31.99

Velocidad del sonido, ft/s 1116 1115 1113 1111 1109 1107 1105 1103 1101 1099 1097 1095 1093 1091 1089 1087 1085 1083 1081 1079 1077 1073 1069 1065 1061 1057 1053 1049 1045 1041 1037 1029 1020 1012 1003 995 987 978 969 968 968 968 968 968 968

Densidad, lbm/ft3

Viscosidad m, lbm/ft · s

0.07647 0.07536 0.07426 0.07317 0.07210 0.07104 0.06998 0.06985 0.06792 0.06690 0.06590 0.06491 0.06393 0.06296 0.06200 0.06105 0.06012 0.05919 0.05828 0.05738 0.05648 0.05473 0.05302 0.05135 0.04973 0.04814 0.04659 0.04508 0.04361 0.04217 0.04077 0.03808 0.03553 0.03311 0.03082 0.02866 0.02661 0.02468 0.02285 0.02079 0.01890 0.01487 0.01171 0.00922 0.00726

1.202 1.199 1.196 1.193 1.190 1.186 1.183 1.180 1.177 1.173 1.170 1.167 1.164 1.160 1.157 1.154 1.150 1.147 1.144 1.140 1.137 1.130 1.124 1.117 1.110 1.104 1.097 1.090 1.083 1.076 1.070 1.056 1.042 1.028 1.014 1.000 0.986 0.971 0.956 0.955 0.955 0.955 0.955 0.955 0.955

10 5 10 5 10 5 10 5 10 5 10 5 10 5 10 5 10 5 10 5 10 5 10 5 10 5 10 5 10 5 10 5 10 5 10 5 10 5 10 5 10 5 10 5 10 5 10 5 10 5 10 5 10 5 10 5 10 5 10 5 10 5 10 5 10 5 10 5 10 5 10 5 10 5 10 5 10 5 10 5 10 5 10 5 10 5 10 5 10 5

Conductividad térmica, Btu/h · ft · R 0.0146 0.0146 0.0146 0.0145 0.0145 0.0144 0.0144 0.0143 0.0143 0.0142 0.0142 0.0141 0.0141 0.0141 0.0140 0.0140 0.0139 0.0139 0.0138 0.0138 0.0137 0.0136 0.0136 0.0135 0.0134 0.0133 0.0132 0.0132 0.0130 0.0129 0.0128 0.0126 0.0124 0.0122 0.0121 0.0119 0.0117 0.0115 0.0113 0.0113 0.0113 0.0113 0.0113 0.0113 0.0113

Fuente: U.S. Standard Atmosphere Supplements. Oficina de Impresiones del Gobierno de Estados Unidos, 1966. Basadas en las condiciones medias anuales a una latitud de 45° y una variación de acuerdo con la época del año y con los patrones del clima. Las condiciones al nivel del mar (z = 0) se consideran como P = 14.696 psia, T = 59 °F, r = 0.076474 lbm/ft3, g = 32.1741 ft2/s.

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TABLAS DE PROPIEDADES, FIGURAS Y DIAGRAMAS (UNIDADES INGLESAS)

TABLA A-17E Propiedades de gas ideal del aire T R

h Btu/lbm

360 380 400 420 440 460 480 500 520 537 540 560 580 600 620 640 660 680 700 720 740 760 780 800 820 840 860 880 900 920 940 960 980 1000 1040 1080 1120 1160 1200 1240 1280 1320 1360 1400 1440 1480 1520 1560

85.97 90.75 95.53 100.32 105.11 109.90 114.69 119.48 124.27 128.10 129.06 133.86 138.66 143.47 148.28 153.09 157.92 162.73 167.56 172.39 177.23 182.08 186.94 191.81 196.69 201.56 206.46 211.35 216.26 221.18 226.11 231.06 236.02 240.98 250.95 260.97 271.03 281.14 291.30 301.52 311.79 322.11 332.48 342.90 353.37 363.89 374.47 385.08

19Appendix_02 ITALICAS.qxd 982

Pr 0.3363 0.4061 0.4858 0.5760 0.6776 0.7913 0.9182 1.0590 1.2147 1.3593 1.3860 1.5742 1.7800 2.005 2.249 2.514 2.801 3.111 3.446 3.806 4.193 4.607 5.051 5.526 6.033 6.573 7.149 7.761 8.411 9.102 9.834 10.61 11.43 12.30 14.18 16.28 18.60 21.18 24.01 27.13 30.55 34.31 38.41 42.88 47.75 53.04 58.78 65.00

u Btu/lbm

vr

s° T Btu/lbm · R R

h Btu/lbm

Pr

u Btu/lbm

vr

61.29 64.70 68.11 71.52 74.93 78.36 81.77 85.20 88.62 91.53 92.04 95.47 98.90 102.34 105.78 109.21 112.67 116.12 119.58 123.04 126.51 129.99 133.47 136.97 140.47 143.98 147.50 151.02 154.57 158.12 161.68 165.26 168.83 172.43 179.66 186.93 194.25 201.63 209.05 216.53 224.05 231.63 239.25 246.93 254.66 262.44 270.26 278.13

396.6 346.6 305.0 270.1 240.6 215.33 193.65 174.90 158.58 146.34 144.32 131.78 120.70 110.88 102.12 94.30 87.27 80.96 75.25 70.07 65.38 61.10 57.20 53.63 50.35 47.34 44.57 42.01 39.64 37.44 35.41 33.52 31.76 30.12 27.17 24.58 22.30 20.29 18.51 16.93 15.52 14.25 13.12 12.10 11.17 10.34 9.578 8.890

0.50369 0.51663 0.52890 0.54058 0.55172 0.56235 0.57255 0.58233 0.59173 0.59945 0.60078 0.60950 0.61793 0.62607 0.63395 0.64159 0.64902 0.65621 0.66321 0.67002 0.67665 0.68312 0.68942 0.69558 0.70160 0.70747 0.71323 0.71886 0.72438 0.72979 0.73509 0.74030 0.74540 0.75042 0.76019 0.76964 0.77880 0.78767 0.79628 0.80466 0.81280 0.82075 0.82848 0.83604 0.84341 0.85062 0.85767 0.86456

395.74 409.13 422.59 436.12 449.71 463.37 477.09 490.88 504.71 518.71 532.55 546.54 560.59 574.69 588.82 603.00 617.22 631.48 645.78 660.12 674.49 688.90 703.35 717.83 732.33 746.88 761.45 776.05 790.68 805.34 820.03 834.75 849.48 864.24 879.02 893.83 908.66 923.52 938.40 953.30 968.21 983.15 998.11 1013.1 1028.1 1043.1 1058.1 1073.2

71.13 80.89 90.95 101.98 114.0 127.2 141.5 157.1 174.0 192.3 212.1 223.5 256.6 281.4 308.1 336.8 367.6 400.5 435.7 473.3 513.5 556.3 601.9 650.4 702.0 756.7 814.8 876.4 941.4 1011 1083 1161 1242 1328 1418 1513 1613 1719 1829 1946 2068 2196 2330 2471 2618 2773 2934 3103

286.06 296.03 306.06 316.16 326.32 336.55 346.85 357.20 367.61 378.08 388.60 399.17 409.78 420.46 431.16 441.91 452.70 463.54 474.40 485.31 496.26 507.25 518.26 529.31 540.40 551.52 562.66 573.84 585.04 596.28 607.53 618.82 630.12 641.46 652.81 664.20 675.60 687.04 698.48 709.95 721.44 732.95 744.48 756.04 767.60 779.19 790.80 802.43

8.263 7.556 6.924 6.357 5.847 5.388 4.974 4.598 4.258 3.949 3.667 3.410 3.176 2.961 2.765 2.585 2.419 2.266 2.125 1.996 1.876 1.765 1.662 1.566 1.478 1.395 1.318 1.247 1.180 1.118 1.060 1.006 0.955 0.907 0.8621 0.8202 0.7807 0.7436 0.7087 0.6759 0.6449 0.6157 0.5882 0.5621 0.5376 0.5143 0.4923 0.4715

1600 1650 1700 1750 1800 1850 1900 1950 2000 2050 2100 2150 2200 2250 2300 2350 2400 2450 2500 2550 2600 2650 2700 2750 2800 2850 2900 2950 3000 3050 3100 3150 3200 3250 3300 3350 3400 3450 3500 3550 3600 3650 3700 3750 3800 3850 3900 3950

s° Btu/lbm · R 0.87130 0.87954 0.88758 0.89542 0.90308 0.91056 0.91788 0.92504 0.93205 0.93891 0.94564 0.95222 0.95919 0.96501 0.97123 0.97732 0.98331 0.98919 0.99497 1.00064 1.00623 1.01172 1.01712 1.02244 1.02767 1.03282 1.03788 1.04288 1.04779 1.05264 1.05741 1.06212 1.06676 1.07134 1.07585 1.08031 1.08470 1.08904 1.09332 1.09755 1.10172 1.10584 1.10991 1.11393 1.11791 1.12183 1.12571 1.12955

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983

APÉNDICE 2

TABLA A-17E Propiedades de gas ideal del aire (conclusión) T R

h Btu/lbm

Pr

u Btu/lbm

vr

s° Btu/lbm · R

T R

h Btu/lbm

Pr

u Btu/lbm

vr

s° Btu/lbm · R

4000

1088.3

3280

814.06

0.4518

1.13334

4600

1270.4

6089

955.04

0.2799

1.17575

4050 4100 4150 4200 4300

1103.4 1118.5 1133.6 1148.7 1179.0

3464 3656 3858 4067 4513

825.72 837.40 849.09 860.81 884.28

0.4331 0.4154 0.3985 0.3826 0.3529

1.13709 1.14079 1.14446 1.14809 1.15522

4700 4800 4900 5000 5100

1300.9 1331.5 1362.2 1392.9 1423.6

6701 7362 8073 8837 9658

978.73 1002.5 1026.3 1050.1 1074.0

0.2598 0.2415 0.2248 0.2096 0.1956

1.18232 1.18876 1.19508 1.20129 1.20738

4400 4500

1209.4 1239.9

4997 5521

907.81 931.39

0.3262 0.3019

1.16221 1.16905

5200 5300

1454.4 1485.3

10,539 11,481

1098.0 1122.0

0.1828 0.1710

1.21336 1.21923

Nota: Las propiedades Pr (presión relativa) y vr (volumen específico relativo) son cantidades adimensionales utilizadas en el análisis de procesos isentrópicos y no debe confundirse con las propiedades de presión y volumen específico.

Fuente: Kenneth Wark, Thermodynamics, 4a. ed., Nueva York, McGraw-Hill, 1983, pp. 832-833, Tabla A-5. Publicada originalmente en J. H. Keenan y J. Kaye, Gas Tables, Nueva York, John Wiley & Sons, 1948.

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TABLAS DE PROPIEDADES, FIGURAS Y DIAGRAMAS (UNIDADES INGLESAS)

TABLA A-18E Propiedades de gas ideal del nitrógeno, N2 _ _ _ T h u s° R Btu/lbmol Btu/lbmol Btu/lbmol · R

T R

_ h Btu/lbmol

_ u Btu/lbmol

_ s° Btu/lbmol · R

300 320 340 360 380

2,082.0 2,221.0 2,360.0 2,498.9 2,638.0

1,486.2 1,585.5 1,684.4 1,784.0 1,883.4

41.695 42.143 42.564 42.962 43.337

1080 1100 1120 1140 1160

7,551.0 7,695.0 7,839.3 7,984.0 8,129.0

5,406.2 5,510.5 5,615.2 5,720.1 5,825.4

50.651 50.783 50.912 51.040 51.167

400 420 440 460 480

2,777.0 2,916.1 3,055.1 3,194.1 3,333.1

1,982.6 2,082.0 2,181.3 2,280.6 2,379.9

43.694 44.034 44.357 44.665 44.962

1180 1200 1220 1240 1260

8,274.4 8,420.0 8,566.1 8,712.6 8,859.3

5,931.0 6,037.0 6,143.4 6,250.1 6,357.2

51.291 51.143 51.534 51.653 51.771

500 520 537 540 560

3,472.2 3,611.3 3,729.5 3,750.3 3,889.5

2,479.3 2,578.6 2,663.1 2,678.0 2,777.4

45.246 45.519 45.743 45.781 46.034

1280 1300 1320 1340 1360

9,006.4 9,153.9 9,301.8 9,450.0 9,598.6

6,464.5 6,572.3 6,680.4 6,788.9 6,897.8

51.887 51.001 52.114 52.225 52.335

580 600 620 640 660

4,028.7 4,167.9 4,307.1 4,446.4 4,585.8

2,876.9 2,976.4 3,075.9 3,175.5 3,275.2

46.278 46.514 46.742 46.964 47.178

1380 1400 1420 1440 1460

9,747.5 9,896.9 10,046.6 10,196.6 10,347.0

7,007.0 7,116.7 7,226.7 7,337.0 7,447.6

52.444 52.551 52.658 52.763 52.867

680 700 720 740 760

4,725.3 4,864.9 5,004.5 5,144.3 5,284.1

3,374.9 3,474.8 3,574.7 3,674.7 3,774.9

47.386 47.588 47.785 47.977 48.164

1480 1500 1520 1540 1560

10,497.8 10,648.0 10,800.4 10,952.2 11,104.3

7,558.7 7,670.1 7,781.9 7,893.9 8,006.4

52.969 53.071 53.171 53.271 53.369

780 800 820 840 860

5,424.2 5,564.4 5,704.7 5,845.3 5,985.9

3,875.2 3,975.7 4,076.3 4,177.1 4,278.1

48.345 48.522 48.696 48.865 49.031

1580 1600 1620 1640 1660

11,256.9 11,409.7 11,562.8 11,716.4 11,870.2

8,119.2 8,232.3 8,345.7 8,459.6 8,573.6

53.465 53.561 53.656 53.751 53.844

880 900 920 940 960

6,126.9 6,268.1 6,409.6 6,551.2 6,693.1

4,379.4 4,480.8 4,582.6 4,684.5 4,786.7

49.193 49.352 49.507 49.659 49.808

1680 1700 1720 1740 1760

12,024.3 12,178.9 12,333.7 12,488.8 12,644.3

8,688.1 8,802.9 8,918.0 9,033.4 9,149.2

53.936 54.028 54.118 54.208 54.297

980 1000 1020 1040 1060

6,835.4 6,977.9 7,120.7 7,263.8 7,407.2

4,889.3 4,992.0 5,095.1 5,198.5 5,302.2

49.955 50.099 50.241 50.380 50.516

1780 1800 1820 1840 1860

12,800.2 12,956.3 13,112.7 13,269.5 13,426.5

9,265.3 9,381.7 9,498.4 9,615.5 9,732.8

54.385 54.472 54.559 54.645 54.729

19Appendix_02 ITALICAS.qxd 984

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APÉNDICE 2

TABLA A-18E Propiedades de gas ideal del nitrógeno, N2 (conclusión) _ _ _ T h u s° R Btu/lbmol Btu/lbmol Btu/lbmol · R

T R

_ h Btu/lbmol

_ u Btu/lbmol

_ s° Btu/lbmol · R

1900 1940 1980 2020 2060

13,742 14,058 14,375 14,694 15,013

9,968 10,205 10,443 10,682 10,923

54.896 55.061 55.223 55.383 55.540

3500 3540 3580 3620 3660

27,016 27,359 27,703 28,046 28,391

20,065 20,329 20,593 20,858 21,122

59.944 60.041 60.138 60.234 60.328

2100 2140 2180 2220 2260

15,334 15,656 15,978 16,302 16,626

11,164 11,406 11,649 11,893 12,138

55.694 55.846 55.995 56.141 56.286

3700 3740 3780 3820 3860

28,735 29,080 29,425 29,771 30,117

21,387 21,653 21,919 22,185 22,451

60.422 60.515 60.607 60.698 60.788

2300 2340 2380 2420 2460

16,951 17,277 17,604 17,392 18,260

12,384 12,630 12,878 13,126 13,375

56.429 56.570 56.708 56.845 56.980

3900 3940 3980 4020 4060

30,463 30,809 31,156 31,503 31,850

22,718 22,985 23,252 23,520 23,788

60.877 60.966 61.053 61.139 61.225

2500 2540 2580 2620 2660

18,590 18,919 19,250 19,582 19,914

13,625 13,875 14,127 14,379 14,631

57.112 57.243 57.372 57.499 57.625

4100 4140 4180 4220 4260

32,198 32,546 32,894 33,242 33,591

24,056 24,324 24,593 24,862 25,131

61.310 61.395 61.479 61.562 61.644

2700 2740 2780 2820 2860

20,246 20,580 20,914 21,248 21,584

14,885 15,139 15,393 15,648 15,905

57.750 57.872 57.993 58.113 58.231

4300 4340 4380 4420 4460

33,940 34,289 34,638 34,988 35,338

25,401 25,670 25,940 26,210 26,481

61.726 61.806 61.887 61.966 62.045

2900 2940 2980 3020 3060

21,920 22,256 22,593 22,930 23,268

16,161 16,417 16,675 16,933 17,192

58.348 58.463 58.576 58.688 58.800

4500 4540 4580 4620 4660

35,688 36,038 36,389 36,739 37,090

26,751 27,022 27,293 27,565 27,836

62.123 62.201 62.278 62.354 62.429

3100 3140 3180 3220 3260

23,607 23,946 24,285 24,625 24,965

17,451 17,710 17,970 18,231 18,491

58.910 59.019 59.126 59.232 59.338

4700 4740 4780 4820 4860

37,441 37,792 38,144 38,495 38,847

28,108 28,379 28,651 28,924 29,196

62.504 62.578 62.652 62.725 62.798

3300 3340 3380 3420 3460

25,306 25,647 25,989 26,331 26,673

18,753 19,014 19,277 19,539 19,802

59.442 59.544 59.646 59.747 59.846

4900 5000 5100 5200 5300

39,199 40,080 40,962 41,844 42,728

29,468 30,151 30,834 31,518 32,203

62.870 63.049 63.223 63.395 63.563

Fuente: Las tablas A-18E a A-23E se adaptaron de Kenneth Wark, Thermodynamics, 4a. ed., Nueva York, McGraw-Hill, 1983, pp. 834-844. Originalmente publicadas en J. H. Keenan y J. Kaye, Gas Tables, Nueva York, John Wiley & Sons, 1945.

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TABLAS DE PROPIEDADES, FIGURAS Y DIAGRAMAS (UNIDADES INGLESAS)

TABLA A-19E Propiedades de gas ideal del oxígeno, O2 _ _ _ T h u s° R Btu/lbmol Btu/lbmol Btu/lbmol · R

T R

_ h Btu/lbmol

_ u Btu/lbmol

_ s° Btu/lbmol · R

300 320 340 360 380

2,073.5 2,212.6 2,351.7 2,490.8 2,630.0

1,477.8 1,577.1 1,676.5 1,775.9 1,875.3

44.927 45.375 45.797 46.195 46.571

1080 1100 1120 1140 1160

7,696.8 7,850.4 8,004.5 8,159.1 8,314.2

5,552.1 5,665.9 5,780.3 5,895.2 6,010.6

54.064 54.204 54.343 54.480 54.614

400 420 440 460 480

2,769.1 2,908.3 3,047.5 3,186.9 3,326.5

1,974.8 2,074.3 2,173.8 2,273.4 2,373.3

46.927 47.267 47.591 47.900 48.198

1180 1200 1220 1240 1260

8,469.8 8,625.8 8,782.4 8,939.4 9,096.7

6,126.5 6,242.8 6,359.6 6,476.9 6,594.5

54.748 54.879 55.008 55.136 55.262

500 520 537 540 560

3,466.2 3,606.1 3,725.1 3,746.2 3,886.6

2,473.2 2,573.4 2,658.7 2,673.8 2,774.5

48.483 48.757 48.982 49.021 49.276

1280 1300 1320 1340 1360

9,254.6 9,412.9 9,571.9 9,730.7 9,890.2

6,712.7 6,831.3 6,950.2 7,069.6 7,189.4

55.386 55.508 55.630 55.750 55.867

580 600 620 640 660

4,027.3 4,168.3 4,309.7 4,451.4 4,593.5

2,875.5 2,976.8 3,078.4 3,180.4 3,282.9

49.522 49.762 49.993 50.218 50.437

1380 1400 1420 1440 1460

10,050.1 10,210.4 10,371.0 10,532.0 10,693.3

7,309.6 7,430.1 7,551.1 7,672.4 7,793.9

55.984 56.099 56.213 56.326 56.437

680 700 720 740 760

4,736.2 4,879.3 5,022.9 5,167.0 5,311.4

3,385.8 3,489.2 3,593.1 3,697.4 3,802.4

50.650 50.858 51.059 51.257 51.450

1480 1500 1520 1540 1560

10,855.1 11,017.1 11,179.6 11,342.4 11,505.4

7,916.0 8,038.3 8,161.1 8,284.2 8,407.4

56.547 56.656 56.763 56.869 56.975

780 800 820 840 860

5,456.4 5,602.0 5,748.1 5,894.8 6,041.9

3,907.5 4,013.3 4,119.7 4,226.6 4,334.1

51.638 51.821 52.002 52.179 52.352

1580 1600 1620 1640 1660

11,668.8 11,832.5 11,996.6 12,160.9 12,325.5

8,531.1 8,655.1 8,779.5 8,904.1 9,029.0

57.079 57.182 57.284 57.385 57.484

880 900 920 940 960

6,189.6 6,337.9 6,486.7 6,636.1 6,786.0

4,442.0 4,550.6 4,659.7 4,769.4 4,879.5

52.522 52.688 52.852 53.012 53.170

1680 1700 1720 1740 1760

12,490.4 12,655.6 12,821.1 12,986.9 13,153.0

9,154.1 9,279.6 9,405.4 9,531.5 9,657.9

57.582 57.680 57.777 57.873 57.968

980 1000 1020 1040 1060

6,936.4 7,087.5 7,238.9 7,391.0 7,543.6

4,990.3 5,101.6 5,213.3 5,325.7 5,438.6

53.326 53.477 53.628 53.775 53.921

1780 1800 1820 1840 1860

13,319.2 13,485.8 13,652.5 13,819.6 13,986.8

9,784.4 9,911.2 10,038.2 10,165.6 10,293.1

58.062 58.155 58.247 58.339 58.428

19Appendix_02 ITALICAS.qxd 986

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987

APÉNDICE 2

TABLA A-19E Propiedades de gas ideal del oxígeno, O2 (conclusión) _ _ _ T h u s° R Btu/lbmol Btu/lbmol Btu/lbmol · R

T R

_ h Btu/lbmol

1900 1940 1980 2020 2060

14,322 14,658 14,995 15,333 15,672

10,549 10,806 11,063 11,321 11,581

58.607 58.782 58.954 59.123 59.289

3500 3540 3580 3620 3660

2100 2140 2180 2220 2260

16,011 16,351 16,692 17,036 17,376

11,841 12,101 12,363 12,625 12,888

59.451 59.612 59.770 59.926 60.077

2300 2340 2380 2420 2460

17,719 18,062 18,407 18,572 19,097

13,151 13,416 13,680 13,946 14,212

2500 2540 2580 2620 2660

19,443 19,790 20,138 20,485 20,834

2700 2740 2780 2820 2860

_ u Btu/lbmol

_ s° Btu/lbmol · R

28,273 28,633 28,994 29,354 29,716

21,323 21,603 21,884 22,165 22,447

63.914 64.016 64.114 64.217 64.316

3700 3740 3780 3820 3860

30,078 30,440 30,803 31,166 31,529

22,730 23,013 23,296 23,580 23,864

64.415 64.512 64.609 64.704 64.800

60.228 60.376 60.522 60.666 60.808

3900 3940 3980 4020 4060

31,894 32,258 32,623 32,989 33,355

24,149 24,434 24,720 25,006 25,292

64.893 64.986 65.078 65.169 65.260

14,479 14,746 15,014 15,282 15,551

60.946 61.084 61.220 61.354 61.486

4100 4140 4180 4220 4260

33,722 34,089 34,456 34,824 35,192

25,580 25,867 26,155 26,144 26,733

65.350 64.439 65.527 65.615 65.702

21,183 21,533 21,883 22,232 22,584

15,821 16,091 16,362 16,633 16,905

61.616 61.744 61.871 61.996 62.120

4300 4340 4380 4420 4460

35,561 35,930 36,300 36,670 37,041

27,022 27,312 27,602 27,823 28,184

65.788 65.873 65.958 66.042 66.125

2900 2940 2980 3020 3060

22,936 23,288 23,641 23,994 24,348

17,177 17,450 17,723 17,997 18,271

62.242 62.363 62.483 62.599 62.716

4500 4540 4580 4620 4660

37,412 37,783 38,155 38,528 38,900

28,475 28,768 29,060 29,353 29,646

66.208 66.290 66.372 66.453 66.533

3100 3140 3180 3220 3260

24,703 25,057 25,413 25,769 26,175

18,546 18,822 19,098 19,374 19,651

62.831 62.945 63.057 63.169 63.279

4700 4740 4780 4820 4860

39,274 39,647 40,021 40,396 40,771

29,940 30,234 30,529 30,824 31,120

66.613 66.691 66.770 66.848 66.925

3300 3340 3380 3420 3460

26,412 26,839 27,197 27,555 27,914

19,928 20,206 20,485 20,763 21,043

63.386 63.494 63.601 63.706 63.811

4900 5000 5100 5200 5300

41,146 42,086 43,021 43,974 44,922

31,415 32,157 32,901 33,648 34,397

67.003 67.193 67.380 67.562 67.743

19Appendix_02 ITALICAS.qxd 987

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988

TABLAS DE PROPIEDADES, FIGURAS Y DIAGRAMAS (UNIDADES INGLESAS)

TABLA A-20E Propiedades de gas ideal del dióxido de carbono, CO2 _ _ _ T h u s° R Btu/lbmol Btu/lbmol Btu/lbmol · R

T R

_ h Btu/lbmol

_ u Btu/lbmol

_ s° Btu/lbmol · R

300 320 340 360 380

2,108.2 2,256.6 2,407.3 2,560.5 2,716.4

1,512.4 1,621.1 1,732.1 1,845.6 1,961.8

46.353 46.832 47.289 47.728 48.148

1080 1100 1120 1140 1160

9,575.8 9,802.6 10,030.6 10,260.1 10,490.6

7,431.1 7,618.1 7,806.4 7,996.2 8,187.0

58.072 58.281 58.485 58.689 58.889

400 420 440 460 480

2,874.7 3,035.7 3,199.4 3,365.7 3,534.7

2,080.4 2,201.7 2,325.6 2,452.2 2,581.5

48.555 48.947 49.329 49.698 50.058

1180 1200 1220 1240 1260

10,722.3 10,955.3 11,189.4 11,424.6 11,661.0

8,379.0 8,572.3 8,766.6 8,962.1 9,158.8

59.088 59.283 59.477 59.668 59.858

500 520 537 540 560

3,706.2 3,880.3 4,027.5 4,056.8 4,235.8

2,713.3 2,847.7 2,963.8 2,984.4 3,123.7

50.408 50.750 51.032 51.082 51.408

1280 1300 1320 1340 1360

11,898.4 12,136.9 12,376.4 12,617.0 12,858.5

9,356.5 9,555.3 9,755.0 9,955.9 10,157.7

60.044 60.229 60.412 60.593 60.772

580 600 620 640 660

4,417.2 4,600.9 4,786.6 4,974.9 5,165.2

3,265.4 3,409.4 3,555.6 3,704.0 3,854.6

51.726 52.038 52.343 52.641 52.934

1380 1400 1420 1440 1460

13,101.0 13,344.7 13,589.1 13,834.5 14,080.8

10,360.5 10,564.5 10,769.2 10,974.8 11,181.4

60.949 61.124 61.298 61.469 61.639

680 700 720 740 760

5,357.6 5,552.0 5,748.4 5,946.8 6,147.0

4,007.2 4,161.9 4,318.6 4,477.3 4,637.9

53.225 53.503 53.780 54.051 54.319

1480 1500 1520 1540 1560

14,328.0 14,576.0 14,824.9 15,074.7 15,325.3

11,388.9 11,597.2 11,806.4 12,016.5 12,227.3

61.800 61.974 62.138 62.302 62.464

780 800 820 840 860

6,349.1 6,552.9 6,758.3 6,965.7 7,174.7

4,800.1 4,964.2 5,129.9 5,297.6 5,466.9

54.582 54.839 55.093 55.343 55.589

1580 1600 1620 1640 1660

15,576.7 15,829.0 16,081.9 16,335.7 16,590.2

12,439.0 12,651.6 12,864.8 13,078.9 13,293.7

62.624 62.783 62.939 63.095 63.250

880 900 920 940 960

7,385.3 7,597.6 7,811.4 8,026.8 8,243.8

5,637.7 5,810.3 5,984.4 6,160.1 6,337.4

55.831 56.070 56.305 56.536 56.765

1680 1700 1720 1740 1760

16,845.5 17,101.4 17,358.1 17,615.5 17,873.5

13,509.2 13,725.4 13,942.4 14,160.1 14,378.4

63.403 63.555 63.704 63.853 64.001

980 1000 1020 1040 1060

8,462.2 8,682.1 8,903.4 9,126.2 9,350.3

6,516.1 6,696.2 6,877.8 7,060.9 7,245.3

56.990 57.212 57.432 57.647 57.861

1780 1800 1820 1840 1860

18,132.2 18,391.5 18,651.5 18,912.2 19,173.4

14,597.4 14,816.9 15,037.2 15,258.2 15,479.7

64.147 64.292 64.435 64.578 64.719

19Appendix_02 ITALICAS.qxd 988

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989

APÉNDICE 2

TABLA A-20E Propiedades de gas ideal del dióxido de carbono, CO2 (conclusión) _ _ _ T h u s° T R Btu/lbmol Btu/lbmol Btu/lbmol · R R

_ h Btu/lbmol

1900 1940 1980 2020 2060

19,698 20,224 20,753 21,284 21,818

15,925 16,372 16,821 17,273 17,727

64.999 65.272 65.543 65.809 66.069

3500 3540 3580 3620 3660

2100 2140 2180 2220 2260

22,353 22,890 23,429 23,970 24,512

18,182 18,640 19,101 19,561 20,024

66.327 66.581 66.830 67.076 67.319

2300 2340 2380 2420 2460

25,056 25,602 26,150 26,699 27,249

20,489 20,955 21,423 21,893 22,364

2500 2540 2580 2620 2660

27,801 28,355 28,910 29,465 30,023

2700 2740 2780 2820 2860

_ u Btu/lbmol

_ s° Btu/lbmol · R

41,965 42,543 43,121 43,701 44,280

35,015 35,513 36,012 36,512 37,012

73.462 73.627 73.789 73.951 74.110

3700 3740 3780 3820 3860

44,861 45,442 46,023 46,605 47,188

37,513 38,014 38,517 39,019 39,522

74.267 74.423 74.578 74.732 74.884

67.557 67.792 68.025 68.253 68.479

3900 3940 3980 4020 4060

47,771 48,355 48,939 49,524 50,109

40,026 40,531 41,035 41,541 42,047

75.033 75.182 75.330 75.477 75.622

22,837 23,310 23,786 24,262 24,740

68.702 68.921 69.138 69.352 69.563

4100 4140 4180 4220 4260

50,695 51,282 51,868 52,456 53,044

42,553 43,060 43,568 44,075 44,584

75.765 75.907 76.048 76.188 76.327

30,581 31,141 31,702 32,264 32,827

25,220 25,701 26,181 26,664 27,148

69.771 69.977 70.181 70.382 70.580

4300 4340 4380 4420 4460

53,632 54,221 54,810 55,400 55,990

45,093 45,602 46,112 46,622 47,133

76.464 76.601 76.736 76.870 77.003

2900 2940 2980 3020 3060

33,392 33,957 34,523 35,090 35,659

27,633 28,118 28,605 29,093 29,582

70.776 70.970 71.160 71.350 71.537

4500 4540 4580 4620 4660

56,581 57,172 57,764 58,356 58,948

47,645 48,156 48,668 49,181 49,694

77.135 77.266 77.395 77.581 77.652

3100 3140 3180 3220 3260

36,228 36,798 37,369 37,941 38,513

30,072 30,562 31,054 31,546 32,039

71.722 71.904 72.085 72.264 72.441

4700 4740 4780 4820 4860

59,541 60,134 60,728 61,322 61,916

50,208 50,721 51,236 51,750 52,265

77.779 77.905 78.029 78.153 78.276

3300 3340 3380 3420 3460

39,087 39,661 40,236 40,812 41,388

32,533 33,028 33,524 34,020 34,517

72.616 72.788 72.960 73.129 73.297

4900 5000 5100 5200 5300

62,511 64,000 65,491 66,984 68,471

52,781 54,071 55,363 56,658 57,954

78.398 78.698 78.994 79.284 79.569

19Appendix_02 ITALICAS.qxd 989

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990

TABLAS DE PROPIEDADES, FIGURAS Y DIAGRAMAS (UNIDADES INGLESAS)

TABLA A-21E Propiedades de gas ideal del monóxido de carbono, CO _ _ _ T h u s° R Btu/lbmol Btu/lbmol Btu/lbmol · R

T R

_ h Btu/lbmol

_ u Btu/lbmol

_ s° Btu/lbmol · R

300 320 340 360 380

2,081.9 2,220.9 2,359.9 2,498.8 2,637.9

1,486.1 1,585.4 1,684.7 1,783.9 1,883.3

43.223 43.672 44.093 44.490 44.866

1080 1100 1120 1140 1160

7,571.1 7,716.8 7,862.9 8,009.2 8,156.1

5,426.4 5,532.3 5,638.7 5,745.4 5,851.5

52.203 52.337 52.468 52.598 52.726

400 420 440 460 480

2,776.9 2,916.0 3,055.0 3,194.0 3,333.0

1,982.6 2,081.9 2,181.2 2,280.5 2,379.8

45.223 45.563 45.886 46.194 46.491

1180 1200 1220 1240 1260

8,303.3 8,450.8 8,598.8 8,747.2 8,896.0

5,960.0 6,067.8 6,176.0 6,284.7 6,393.8

52.852 52.976 53.098 53.218 53.337

500 520 537 540 560

3,472.1 3,611.2 3,725.1 3,750.3 3,889.5

2,479.2 2,578.6 2,663.1 2,677.9 2,777.4

46.775 47.048 47.272 47.310 47.563

1280 1300 1320 1340 1360

9,045.0 9,194.6 9,344.6 9,494.8 9,645.5

6,503.1 6,613.0 6,723.2 6,833.7 6,944.7

53.455 53.571 53.685 53.799 53.910

580 600 620 640 660

4,028.7 4,168.0 4,307.4 4,446.9 4,586.6

2,876.9 2,976.5 3,076.2 3,175.9 3,275.8

47.807 48.044 48.272 48.494 48.709

1380 1400 1420 1440 1460

9,796.6 9,948.1 10,100.0 10,252.2 10,404.8

7,056.1 7,167.9 7,280.1 7,392.6 7,505.4

54.021 54.129 54.237 54.344 54.448

680 700 720 740 760

4,726.2 4,886.0 5,006.1 5,146.4 5,286.8

3,375.8 3,475.9 3,576.3 3,676.9 3,777.5

48.917 49.120 49.317 49.509 49.697

1480 1500 1520 1540 1560

10,557.8 10,711.1 10,864.9 11,019.0 11,173.4

7,618.7 7,732.3 7,846.4 7,960.8 8,075.4

54.522 54.665 54.757 54.858 54.958

780 800 820 840 860

5,427.4 5,568.2 5,709.4 5,850.7 5,992.3

3,878.4 3,979.5 4,081.0 4,182.6 4,284.5

49.880 50.058 50.232 50.402 50.569

1580 1600 1620 1640 1660

11,328.2 11,483.4 11,638.9 11,794.7 11,950.9

8,190.5 8,306.0 8,421.8 8,537.9 8,654.4

55.056 55.154 55.251 55.347 55.411

880 900 920 940 960

6,134.2 6,276.4 6,419.0 6,561.7 6,704.9

4,386.6 4,489.1 4,592.0 4,695.0 4,798.5

50.732 50.892 51.048 51.202 51.353

1680 1700 1720 1740 1760

12,107.5 12,264.3 12,421.4 12,579.0 12,736.7

8,771.2 8,888.3 9,005.7 9,123.6 9,241.6

55.535 55.628 55.720 55.811 55.900

980 1000 1020 1040 1060

6,848.4 6,992.2 7,136.4 7,281.0 7,425.9

4,902.3 5,006.3 5,110.8 5,215.7 5,320.9

51.501 51.646 51.788 51.929 52.067

1780 1800 1820 1840 1860

12,894.9 13,053.2 13,212.0 13,371.0 13,530.2

9,360.0 9,478.6 9,597.7 9,717.0 9,836.5

55.990 56.078 56.166 56.253 56.339

19Appendix_02 ITALICAS.qxd 990

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991

APÉNDICE 2

TABLA A-21E Propiedades de gas ideal del monóxido de carbono, CO (conclusión) _ _ _ T h u s° T R Btu/lbmol Btu/lbmol Btu/lbmol · R R

_ h Btu/lbmol

_ u Btu/lbmol

_ s° Btu/lbmol · R

1900 1940 1980 2020 2060

13,850 14,170 14,492 14,815 15,139

10,077 10,318 10,560 10,803 11,048

56.509 56.677 56.841 57.007 57.161

3500 3540 3580 3620 3660

27,262 27,608 27,954 28,300 28,647

20,311 20,576 20,844 21,111 21,378

61.612 61.710 61.807 61.903 61.998

2100 2140 2180 2220 2260

15,463 15,789 16,116 16,443 16,722

11,293 11,539 11,787 12,035 12,284

57.317 57.470 57.621 57.770 57.917

3700 3740 3780 3820 3860

28,994 29,341 29,688 30,036 30,384

21,646 21,914 22,182 22,450 22,719

62.093 62.186 62.279 62.370 62.461

2300 2340 2380 2420 2460

17,101 17,431 17,762 18,093 18,426

12,534 12,784 13,035 13,287 13,541

58.062 58.204 58.344 58.482 58.619

3900 3940 3980 4020 4060

30,733 31,082 31,431 31,780 32,129

22,988 23,257 23,527 23,797 24,067

62.511 62.640 62.728 62.816 62.902

2500 2540 2580 2620 2660

18,759 19,093 19,427 19,762 20,098

13,794 14,048 14,303 14,559 14,815

58.754 58.885 59.016 59.145 59.272

4100 4140 4180 4220 4260

32,479 32,829 33,179 33,530 33,880

24,337 24,608 24,878 25,149 25,421

62.988 63.072 63.156 63.240 63.323

2700 2740 2780 2820 2860

20,434 20,771 21,108 21,446 21,785

15,072 15,330 15,588 15,846 16,105

59.398 59.521 59.644 59.765 59.884

4300 4340 4380 4420 4460

34,231 34,582 34,934 35,285 35,637

25,692 25,934 26,235 26,508 26,780

63.405 63.486 63.567 63.647 63.726

2900 2940 2980 3020 3060

22,124 22,463 22,803 23,144 23,485

16,365 16,225 16,885 17,146 17,408

60.002 60.118 60.232 60.346 60.458

4500 4540 4580 4620 4660

35,989 36,341 36,693 37,046 37,398

27,052 27,325 27,598 27,871 28,144

63.805 63.883 63.960 64.036 64.113

3100 3140 3180 3220 3260

23,826 24,168 24,510 24,853 25,196

17,670 17,932 18,195 18,458 18,722

60.569 60.679 60.787 60.894 61.000

4700 4740 4780 4820 4860

37,751 38,104 38,457 38,811 39,164

28,417 28,691 28,965 29,239 29,513

64.188 64.263 64.337 64.411 64.484

3300 3340 3380 3420 3460

25,539 25,883 26,227 26,572 26,917

18,986 19,250 19,515 19,780 20,045

61.105 61.209 61.311 61.412 61.513

4900 5000 5100 5200 5300

39,518 40,403 41,289 42,176 43,063

29,787 30,473 31,161 31,849 32,538

64.556 64.735 64.910 65.082 65.252

19Appendix_02 ITALICAS.qxd 991

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992

TABLAS DE PROPIEDADES, FIGURAS Y DIAGRAMAS (UNIDADES INGLESAS)

TABLA A-22E Propiedades de gas ideal del hidrógeno, H2 _ _ _ T h u s° R Btu/lbmol Btu/lbmol Btu/lbmol · R

T R

_ h Btu/lbmol

_ u Btu/lbmol

_ s° Btu/lbmol · R

300 320 340 360 380

2,063.5 2,189.4 2,317.2 2,446.8 2,577.8

1,467.7 1,553.9 1,642.0 1,731.9 1,823.2

27.337 27.742 28.130 28.501 28.856

1400 1500 1600 1700 1800

9,673.8 10,381.5 11,092.5 11,807.4 12,526.8

6,893.6 7,402.7 7,915.1 8,431.4 8,952.2

37.883 38.372 38.830 39.264 39.675

400 420 440 460 480

2,710.2 2,843.7 2,978.1 3,113.5 3,249.4

1,915.8 2,009.6 2,104.3 2,200.0 2,296.2

29.195 29.520 29.833 30.133 20.424

1900 2000 2100 2200 2300

13,250.9 13,980.1 14,714.5 15,454.4 16,199.8

9,477.8 10,008.4 10,544.2 11,085.5 11,632.3

40.067 40.441 40.799 41.143 41.475

500 520 537 540 560

3,386.1 3,523.2 3,640.3 3,660.9 3,798.8

2,393.2 2,490.6 2,573.9 2,588.5 2,686.7

30.703 30.972 31.194 31.232 31.482

2400 2500 2600 2700 2800

16,950.6 17,707.3 18,469.7 19,237.8 20,011.8

12,184.5 12,742.6 13,306.4 13,876.0 14,451.4

41.794 42.104 42.403 42.692 42.973

580 600 620 640 660

3,937.1 4,075.6 4,214.3 4,353.1 4,492.1

2,785.3 2,884.1 2,983.1 3,082.1 3,181.4

31.724 31.959 32.187 32.407 32.621

2900 3000 3100 3200 3300

20,791.5 21,576.9 22,367.7 23,164.1 23,965.5

15,032.5 15,619.3 16,211.5 16,809.3 17,412.1

43.247 43.514 43.773 44.026 44.273

680 700 720 740 760

4,631.1 4,770.2 4,909.5 5,048.8 5,188.1

3,280.7 3,380.1 3,479.6 3,579.2 3,678.8

32.829 33.031 33.226 33.417 33.603

3400 3500 3600 3700 3800

24,771.9 25,582.9 26,398.5 27,218.5 28,042.8

18,019.9 18,632.4 19,249.4 19,870.8 20,496.5

44.513 44.748 44.978 45.203 45.423

780 800 820 840 860

5,327.6 5,467.1 5,606.7 5,746.3 5,885.9

3,778.6 3,878.4 3,978.3 4,078.2 4,178.0

33.784 33.961 34.134 34.302 34.466

3900 4000 4100 4200 4300

28,871.1 29,703.5 30,539.8 31,379.8 32,223.5

21,126.2 21,760.0 22,397.7 23,039.2 23,684.3

45.638 45.849 46.056 46.257 46.456

880 900 920 940 960

6,025.6 6,165.3 6,305.1 6,444.9 6,584.7

4,278.0 4,378.0 4,478.1 4,578.1 4,678.3

34.627 34.784 34.938 35.087 35.235

4400 4500 4600 4700 4800

33,070.9 33,921.6 34,775.7 35,633.0 36,493.4

24,333.1 24,985.2 25,640.7 26,299.4 26,961.2

46.651 46.842 47.030 47.215 47.396

980 1000 1100 1200 1300

6,724.6 6,864.5 7,564.6 8,265.8 8,968.7

4,778.4 4,878.6 5,380.1 5,882.8 6,387.1

35.379 35.520 36.188 36.798 37.360

4900 5000 5100 5200 5300

35,356.9 38,223.3 39,092.8 39,965.1 40,840.2

27,626.1 28,294.0 28,964.9 29,638.6 30,315.1

47.574 47.749 47.921 48.090 48.257

19Appendix_02 ITALICAS.qxd 992

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993

APÉNDICE 2

TABLA A-23E Propiedades de gas ideal del vapor de agua, H2O _ _ _ T h u s° R Btu/lbmol Btu/lbmol Btu/lbmol · R

T R

_ h Btu/lbmol

_ u Btu/lbmol

_ s° Btu/lbmol · R

300 320 340 360 380

2,367.6 2,526.8 2,686.0 2,845.1 3,004.4

1,771.8 1,891.3 2,010.8 2,130.2 2,249.8

40.439 40.952 41.435 41.889 42.320

1080 1100 1120 1140 1160

8,768.2 8,942.0 9,116.4 9,291.4 9,467.1

6,623.5 6,757.5 6,892.2 7,027.5 7,163.5

50.854 51.013 51.171 51.325 51.478

400 420 440 460 480

3,163.8 3,323.2 3,482.7 3,642.3 3,802.0

2,369.4 2,489.1 2,608.9 2,728.8 2,848.8

42.728 43.117 43.487 43.841 44.182

1180 1200 1220 1240 1260

9,643.4 9,820.4 9,998.0 10,176.1 10,354.9

7,300.1 7,437.4 7,575.2 7,713.6 7,852.7

51.360 51.777 51.925 52.070 52.212

500 520 537 540 560

3,962.0 4,122.0 4,258.0 4,282.4 4,442.8

2,969.1 3,089.4 3,191.9 3,210.0 3,330.7

44.508 44.821 45.079 45.124 45.415

1280 1300 1320 1340 1360

10,534.4 10,714.5 10,895.3 11,076.6 11,258.7

7,992.5 8,132.9 8,274.0 8,415.5 8,557.9

52.354 52.494 52.631 52.768 52.903

580 600 620 640 660

4,603.7 4,764.7 4,926.1 5,087.8 5,250.0

3,451.9 3,573.2 3,694.9 3,816.8 3,939.3

45.696 45.970 46.235 46.492 46.741

1380 1400 1420 1440 1460

11,441.4 11,624.8 11,808.8 11,993.4 12,178.8

8,700.9 8,844.6 8,988.9 9,133.8 9,279.4

53.037 53.168 53.299 53.428 53.556

680 700 720 740 760

5,412.5 5,575.4 5,738.8 5,902.6 6,066.9

4,062.1 4,185.3 4,309.0 4,433.1 4,557.6

46.984 47.219 47.450 47.673 47.893

1480 1500 1520 1540 1560

12,364.8 12,551.4 12,738.8 12,926.8 13,115.6

9,425.7 9,572.7 9,720.3 9,868.6 10,017.6

53.682 53.808 53.932 54.055 54.117

780 800 820 840 860

6,231.7 6,396.9 6,562.6 6,728.9 6,895.6

4,682.7 4,808.2 4,934.2 5,060.8 5,187.8

48.106 48.316 48.520 48.721 48.916

1580 1600 1620 1640 1660

13,305.0 13,494.4 13,685.7 13,877.0 14,069.2

10,167.3 10,317.6 10,468.6 10,620.2 10,772.7

54.298 54.418 54.535 54.653 54.770

880 900 920 940 960

7,062.9 7,230.9 7,399.4 7,568.4 7,738.0

5,315.3 5,443.6 5,572.4 5,701.7 5,831.6

49.109 49.298 49.483 49.665 49.843

1680 1700 1720 1740 1760

14,261.9 14,455.4 14,649.5 14,844.3 15,039.8

10,925.6 11,079.4 11,233.8 11,388.9 11,544.7

54.886 54.999 55.113 55.226 55.339

980 1000 1020 1040 1060

7,908.2 8,078.2 8,250.4 8,422.4 8,595.0

5,962.0 6,093.0 6,224.8 6,357.1 6,490.0

50.019 50.191 50.360 50.528 50.693

1780 1800 1820 1840 1860

15,236.1 15,433.0 15,630.6 15,828.7 16,027.6

11,701.2 11,858.4 12,016.3 12,174.7 12,333.9

55.449 55.559 55.668 55.777 55.884

19Appendix_02 ITALICAS.qxd 993

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TABLAS DE PROPIEDADES, FIGURAS Y DIAGRAMAS (UNIDADES INGLESAS)

TABLA A-23E Propiedades de gas ideal del vapor de agua, H2O (conclusión) _ _ _ T h u s° T R Btu/lbmol Btu/lbmol Btu/lbmol · R R

_ h Btu/lbmol

_ u Btu/lbmol

_ s° Btu/lbmol · R

1900 1940 1980 2020 2060

16,428 16,830 17,235 17,643 18,054

12,654 12,977 13,303 13,632 13,963

56.097 56.307 56.514 56.719 56.920

3500 3540 3580 3620 3660

34,324 34,809 35,296 35,785 36,274

27,373 27,779 28,187 28,596 29,006

62.876 63.015 63.153 63.288 63.423

2100 2140 2180 2220 2260

18,467 18,883 19,301 19,722 20,145

14,297 14,633 14,972 15,313 15,657

57.119 57.315 57.509 57.701 57.889

3700 3740 3780 3820 3860

36,765 37,258 37,752 38,247 38,743

29,418 29,831 30,245 30,661 31,077

63.557 63.690 63.821 63.952 64.082

2300 2340 2380 2420 2460

20,571 20,999 21,429 21,862 22,298

16,003 16,352 16,703 17,057 17,413

58.077 58.261 58.445 58.625 58.803

3900 3940 3980 4020 4060

39,240 39,739 40,239 40,740 41,242

31,495 31,915 32,335 32,757 33,179

64.210 64.338 64.465 64.591 64.715

2500 2540 2580 2620 2660

22,735 23,175 23,618 24,062 24,508

17,771 18,131 18,494 18,859 19,226

58.980 59.155 59.328 59.500 59.669

4100 4140 4180 4220 4260

41,745 42,250 42,755 43,267 43,769

33,603 34,028 34,454 34,881 35,310

64.839 64.962 65.084 65.204 65.325

2700 2740 2780 2820 2860

24,957 25,408 25,861 26,316 26,773

19,595 19,967 20,340 20,715 21,093

59.837 60.003 60.167 60.330 60.490

4300 4340 4380 4420 4460

44,278 44,788 45,298 45,810 46,322

35,739 36,169 36,600 37,032 37,465

65.444 65.563 65.680 65.797 65.913

2900 2940 2980 3020 3060

27,231 27,692 28,154 28,619 29,085

21,472 21,853 22,237 22,621 23,085

60.650 60.809 60.965 61.120 61.274

4500 4540 4580 4620 4660

46,836 47,350 47,866 48,382 48,899

37,900 38,334 38,770 39,207 39,645

66.028 66.142 66.255 66.368 66.480

3100 3140 3180 3220 3260

29,553 30,023 30,494 30,967 31,442

23,397 23,787 24,179 24,572 24,968

61.426 61.577 61.727 61.874 62.022

4700 4740 4780 4820 4860

49,417 49,936 50,455 50,976 51,497

40,083 40,523 40,963 41,404 41,856

66.591 66.701 66.811 66.920 67.028

3300 3340 3380 3420 3460

31,918 32,396 32,876 33,357 33,839

25,365 25,763 26,164 26,565 26,968

62.167 62.312 62.454 62.597 62.738

4900 5000 5100 5200 5300

52,019 53,327 54,640 55,957 57,279

42,288 43,398 44,512 45,631 46,754

67.135 67.401 67.662 67.918 68.172

19Appendix_02 ITALICAS.qxd 994

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APÉNDICE 2

TABLA A-26E Entalpía de formación, función de Gibbs de formación y entropía absoluta a 77°F, 1 atm _ _ _ g°f s° h°f Sustancia Fórmula Btu/lbmol Btu/lbmol Btu/lbmol · R Acetileno C2H2(g) Agua H2O(ᐉ) Alcohol etílico C2H5OH(g) Alcohol etílico C2H5OH(ᐉ) Alcohol metílico CH3OH(g) Alcohol metílico CH3OH(ᐉ) Amoniaco NH3(g) Benceno C6H6(g) n-Butano C4H10(g) Carbón C(s) Dióxido de carbono CO2(g) n-Dodecano C12H26(g) Etano C2H6(g) Etileno C2H4(g) Hidrógeno H(g) Hidrógeno H2(g) Hidroxilo OH(g) Metano CH4(g) Monóxido de carbono CO(g) Nitrógeno N2(g) Nitrógeno N(g) n-Octano C8H18(g) n-Octano C8H18(ᐉ) Oxígeno O2(g) Oxígeno O(g) Peróxido de hidrógeno H2O2(g) Propano C3H8(g) Propileno C3H6(g) Vapor de agua H2O(g)

97,540 122,970 101,230 119,470 86,540 102,670 19,750 35,680 54,270 0 169,300 125,190 36,420 22,490 93,780 0 16,790 32,210 47,540 0 203,340 89,680 107,530 0 107,210 58,640 44,680 8,790 104,040

87,990 102,040 72,520 75,240 69,700 71,570 7,140 55,780 6,760 0 169,680 21,570 14,150 29,306 87,460 0 14,750 21,860 59,010 0 195,970 7,110 2,840 0 99,710 45,430 10,105 26,980 98,350

48.00 16.71 67.54 38.40 57.29 30.30 45.97 64.34 74.11 1.36 51.07 148.86 54.85 52.54 27.39 31.21 43.92 44.49 47.21 45.77 36.61 111.55 86.23 49.00 38.47 55.60 64.51 63.80 45.11

Fuente: De JANAF, Thermochemical Tables, Midland, MI, Dow Chemical Co., 1971; Selected Values of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties, NBS Technical Note 270-3, 1968; y API Research Project 44, Carnegie Press, 1953.

19Appendix_02 ITALICAS.qxd 995

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TABLAS DE PROPIEDADES, FIGURAS Y DIAGRAMAS (UNIDADES INGLESAS)

TABLA A-27E Propiedades de algunos combustibles e hidrocarburos comunes

Combustible (fase)

Fórmula

Acetileno (g) C2H2 Benceno (ᐉ) C6H6 Butano (ᐉ) C4H10 Carbono (s) C Decano (ᐉ) C10H22 Diesel ligero (ᐉ) CnH1.8n Diesel pesado (ᐉ) CnH1.7n Etano (g) C2H6 Etanol (ᐉ) C2H6O Gas natural (g) CnH3.8nN0.1n Gasolina (ᐉ) CnH1.87n Heptano (ᐉ) C7H16 Hexano (ᐉ) C6H12 Hexeno (ᐉ) C6H14 Hidrógeno (g) H2 Isopentano (ᐉ) C5H12 Metano (g) CH4 Metanol (ᐉ) CH4O Monóxido de carbono (g) CO Octano (ᐉ) C8H18 1-Penteno (ᐉ) C5H10 Propano (ᐉ) C3H8 Tolueno (ᐉ) C7H8

Masa molar, lbm/lbmol

Densidad,1 lbm/ft3

26.038 78.114 58.123 12.011 142.285 170 200 30.070 46.069 18 100-110 100.204 84.161 86.177 2.016 72.150 16.043 32.042 28.013 114.231 70.134 44.097 92.141

— 54.7 36.1 125 45.6 49-52 51-55 — 49.3 — 45-49 42.7 42.0 41.2 — 39.1 — 49.3 — 43.9 40.0 31.2 54.1

Entalpía de vaporización,2 Btu/lbm

— 186 156 — 155 116 99 74 395 — 151 157 169 157 — — 219 502 — 156 156 144 177

1A

1 atm y 68°F.

2A

77°F para combustibles líquidos, y 1 atm y temperatura normal de ebullición para combustibles gaseosos.

3A

77°F. Multiplique por la masa molar para obtener los valores caloríficos en Btu/lbmol.

19Appendix_02 ITALICAS.qxd 996

Calor específico,1 cp Btu/ lbm · °F

0.404 0.411 0.578 0.169 0.528 0.53 0.45 0.418 0.583 0.48 0.57 0.535 0.439 0.542 3.44 0.554 0.525 0.604 0.251 0.533 0.525 0.662 0.408

Poder calorífico superior,3 Btu/lbm

Poder calorífico inferior,3 Btu/lbm

21,490 17,970 21,130 14,100 20,490 19,800 19,600 22,320 12,760 21,500 20,300 20,680 20,430 20,770 60,970 20,890 23,880 9,740 4,340 20,590 20,540 21,640 18,230

20,760 17,240 19,510 14,100 19,020 18,600 18,400 20,430 11,530 19,400 18,900 19,180 19,090 19,240 51,600 19,310 21,520 8,570 4,340 19,100 19,190 19,930 17,420

7/12/11 14:26:58

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Preparado por el Centro de Estudios Aplicados de Termodinámica, Universidad de Idaho

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1000 Entalpía Δh ————————— = —— Relación de humedad Δ

0

QS Calor sensible —— —————– = QT Calor total

–•

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30%

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70

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20%

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Temperatura de bulbo seco, ºF

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Reproducida con permiso de la American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc., Atlanta, Georgia. Usada con permiso.

FIGURA A-31E Gráfica psicrométrica a 1 atm de presión total.

00

15

0.6 0.5

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95

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Temperatura de bulbo seco ºF

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Nivel del mar

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25

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110

©1992 American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc.

85

0

200

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100

55

15.

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19Appendix_02 ITALICAS.qxd 997

000 5000 3

105

s ico cúb eco ies n p aire s e e um Vol lbm d por

.002

.004

.006

.008

.010

.012

.014

.016

.018

.020

.022

.024

.026

.028

120

Gráfica psicrométrica ASHRAE Núm. 1 Temperatura normal Presión barométrica: 29.921 pulgadas de mercurio

30

35

40

45

50

55

60

APÉNDICE 2

997

0

14.

5

7/12/11 14:26:58

Relación de humedad, lbm de humedad por lbm de aire seco

19Appendix_02 ITALICAS.qxd 998

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