Guy Harvey Magazine — Winter 2011

The Art of Ocean Conservation VOLUME 1, ISSUE 3 WINTER 2011 $6.95

See Guy’s retrospective collection of never-before-released artwork Six scientists make a difference in the oil spill recovery

SWIMMING WITH TIGERS

OUTBOARD MOTORS

Up Close and Personal with BIG sharks

Electric outboard engines get a jolt of technology

www.guyharveymagazine.com

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CONTENTS

WINTER 2011

SWIMMING WITH TIGERS

16 CIRCLE HOOkS SAvE LIvES

28

54 RAYS OF HOPE

Professor John Graves used satellite tags and self-professed

Doug Perrine and Shawn Heinrichs photograph amazing

average fishing skills to research the mortality rates of circle

congregations of hundreds of manta rays and the threat

hooks versus J hooks. His findings may surprise you.

tourists and fishermen pose to these majestic creatures.

by DR. JOHN E. GRAVES

by SHAWN HEINRICHS

22 DOLPHIN TAGGING

Examining the Dolphinfish Research Program and what it has

64 SUPER SLEUTHS The world of pop-up archival satellite transmitter tags,

taught us about this popular gamefish.

better known as PSATs, is the key for scientists to gather

by JEFF DENNIS

more precise data than ever so we can accurately study and protect the sea life we love.

46 CURRENTS OF CHANGE

So you like your trolling motor, do you? How about upgrading your skiff with a 20-horsepower electric outboard? No gas, no oil, no fumes, no pollution, no sound. It’s not science fiction. See

by WILLIAM BEAUREGARD ROBERTS

68 GUARDIANS OF THE GULF The Guy Harvey Ocean Foundation raised $500,000 in less

how the future of the outboard motor may be going electric.

than two months by selling 50,000 Save Our Gulf T-shirts.

by DARYL CARSON

Find out who got the money and how they’re spending it.

by GHM STAFF

www.guyharveymagazine.com

ELECTRIC OUTBOARD MOTORS GROW UP

46

Departments

8

guy Talk Do the Math on Sharks

guy haRvEy lIfESTylE Panama Update

Guy discusses his recent trip to the Bahamas and how

Read Guy’s account of how he and two fans

tourism may influence the Bahamian government to

experienced torrential rain, choppy seas, and

protect sharks and save them from being slaughtered

some of the best big-game fishing ever.

and shipped to the Asian market for soup.

10

60

74

TaCklEBOX Letters to Guy Harvey

guy haRvEy RESEaRCh INSTITuTE Virgin Shark Birth GHRI has confirmed that certain sharks have

Readers critique the magazine and suggest how we can

given birth without sex. It’s a phenomenon

make it even better.

that’s both scientifically baffling and a little worrisome for all you men out there.

12

guy’S uNIvERSE News & Updates from Guy’s World

76

From new Guy Harvey signature shades by Maui

guy haRvEy’S ISlaNd gRIll Meet the Chef

Jim to a flats boat donated by Hell’s Bay to the

Our food editor, Kat Dean, introduces us

University of Florida, the galaxies and Guy’s Universe

to Chef Bruno of the original Guy Harvey’s

continue to expand exponentially.

Island Grill in Grand Cayman. His provincial French background brings magical flavors to

28

aRTISTS IN aCTION Swimming with Tigers

seafood dishes.

80

renowned artists, Wyland and Guy Harvey, into his

laST CaST “Hooked” on Bluefish

world for a film project about protecting sharks.

Editor Fred Garth’s harrowing and humorous

Shark whisperer Jim Abernethy brought world-

tale of how he and his dad barely escaped

34

phOTO pORTfOlIO Guy’s Retrospective Art

rough seas and gnashing bluefish teeth.

In this exclusive Guy Harvey Magazine portfolio, we reveal seven of Guy’s “hidden” works. The best news? You can buy them!

Get Some Guy Art Find out how you can own your very own neverbefore-released art by the man himself, Guy Harvey.

See page 45 for more details. www.guyharveymagazine.com

CONTRIBuTORS

CREDITS TO: SHAWN HEINRICHS is a cinematographer, marine conservationist, independent filmmaker, and founder of Blue Sphere Media, a production company specializing in adventure films.

His award-winning work has been featured in broadcast, promotional, and conservation productions around the world. In addition, his work has been published in various conservation journals. Shawn serves as the conservation moderator for www.wetpixel.com, the Internet’s leading underwater photo/video forum, and is an international advisory board member of WildAid, an organization focused on ending trade of endangered and threatened species, and Shark Savers, a grassroots organization committed to saving sharks through awareness and education.

JEFF DENNIS is a freelance writer and photographer who grew up on a tidal creek in Charleston, S.C., and has been a cooperating angler for the South Carolina Department of Natural Resources (SCDNR) marine gamefish program since 1994. His work has appeared in numerous publications including Marlin, Tide, RedBone Journal and Coastal Angler. You can read more of Jeff’s work on his blog, www.lowcountryoutdoors.com.

JIM ABERNETHY started snorkeling in the bathtub at age five and has been diving the Palm Beaches and the Bahamas for over 30 years. Some claim he grew gills. His passion for diving progressed into filmmaking and his footage has been seen on the Discovery Channel, National Geographic, Animal Planet, CNN, and many local Florida stations. He has a passion for sharks, turtles, and manatees and works diligently with numerous agencies to protect them. When he’s not in the bathtub or diving, he flies his inflatable boat, the Over-Sea’r, to spot mantas, sharks, dolphins, and turtles.

DR. JOHN GRAVES is chancellor professor of marine science and chair of the Department of Fisheries Science at Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William and Mary, Virginia, USA. He has approximately 80 peer-reviewed publications and book chapters on an array of topics, which mostly relate to improving the management of the world’s marine fisheries. In 2006, he received NOAA Fisheries Service’s Special Recognition Award and, in 2007, he received the International Game Fish Association Individual Conservation Award for his outstanding contributions in applied fisheries science. Graves’ body of work on circle hooks is among the most novel (use of pop-up satellite tags to infer survival) and highly-cited in scientific literature.

WILLIAM BEAUREGARD ROBERTS was born on his parent’s shrimp boat in 1950 off the Mississippi coast during Hurricane Baker in what he calls a “near death birth experience.” As a kid he spent “more time than he can recall” in the bilge as punishment for stealing shrimp for his bottom fishing exploits. He quickly learned that pin fish are better bait anyway and became an early proponent of by-catch conservation. He credits his grandmother, a long-time rural teacher in Mississippi, for stimulating his love of reading and writing about marine topics. This is his first article for Guy Harvey Magazine.

PUBLISHER Lost Key Publishing Editor-In-Chief Fred D. Garth Marketing Director John Guidroz Circulation Director Kat Dean Director of Sales and Marketing Ashley Bringman Outside Sales Representative Dan Wilson Layout and Design Emagination Unlimited | Jenny Lee Internet Gurus Zeekee Interactive Copy Editor Kerrie Allen Contributing Editors Doug Perrine Tanya Burnett Danny Thornton Dr. Guy Harvey Daryl Carson Kat Dean Contributors Jim Abernethy Dr. George Burgess Steve Crecelius Jeff Dennis Dr. Jim Franks Dr. John Graves Dr. Dean Grubbs Shawn Heinrichs Dr. Bob Hueter Shawn Heinrichs Lance Jordan Ken Neill Dr. John Paul Pete Rinaldi Dr. Mahmood Shivji Bill Watts John Weller Editorial Advisory Board Guy Harvey Steve Stock Bill Shedd Peter McFarland David Wilkinson Mahmood Shivji

Guy Harvey Magazine is published four times per year: winter, spring, summer, and fall, by Lost Key Publishing, P.O. Box 34075, Pensacola, Florida 32502. No part of this magazine can be

WE RECYCLE: We’re proud that Guy Harvey Magazine is printed on recycled paper. However, using recycled paper is just the

reproduced without express written permission

first step. Finding an environmentally-friendly printer is even more important. That’s why this magazine is printed at Publishers Press

make all or part of our subscriber list available

in Shepherdsville, Kentucky. Publishers Press recycles more than 50 million pounds of paper and paper products each year, which

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currently working toward certification by the Sustainable Green Printing (SGP) Partnership.

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from Lost Key Publishing. Occasionally, we may

toll-free subscription number, 888-275-2856.

guy Talk

DO THE MATH ON SHARkS Any shark diving expedition to the Bahamas is always

waters. A Chinese-owned company called Sunco is

fun and I learn more about these animals the more I

already harvesting and exporting sea cucumbers from

am in their company. Interactive shark experiences

Andros, the largest of the Bahamian islands. They

have been a highly rated “must do” experience

have recently applied for permits to harvest sharks

for many years for any diver visiting the incredible

for the fin trade. We have all seen what happens

Bahamas archipelago. Fortunately, this is still the

when that gate is opened. The consequences to the

case for the sharks and for the people who come to

shark population and the island reef ecosystems are

photograph and study these creatures.

so predictable…a monumental long-term loss for a

The Bahamian government has so far been

short-term gain in Chinese investments. I was in the

exemplary in protecting its marine resources. This

Galapagos on a dive expedition a couple of years ago,

has been a difficult task given the wide geographic

and locals were harvesting sea cucumbers and sea

area and the small population with limited resources.

urchins for their Asian investors. Sure they whacked

They have kept the longliners at bay for many years,

these targeted creatures pretty badly, but while

GUY HARVEY

and rejected a recent application to fish the yellowfin

they were at it they also took untold numbers of

is an internationally-acclaimed

tuna and swordfish population, which would have

lobsters, slipper lobsters, and fish, without any sort of

artist, fisherman, scientist, and

opened up Pandora’s Box to further fishing efforts.

monitoring of their harvest. Has anyone scientifically

world traveler, who devotes

The government has controlled, to the best of their

measured the effect of taking all the sea cucumbers

much of his time and money

ability, the poaching of reef fish such as grouper,

from a certain section of reef? How can agencies

toward ocean conservation.

snapper, lobster, and conch for the Florida restaurant

issue extraction permits when they do not know

business, and generally has shown a very enlightened

what the long-term consequences will be?

approach to conservation of its marine resources.

Unfortunately, sharks are not protected. Not yet.

There is a new and very ominous threat looming on the horizon over the crystal clear Bahamian

www.guyharveymagazine.com

The Guy Harvey Research Institute conducted research work from 2001-2003 in the group of Brazilian islands called Fernando de Noronha where a local company, Noronha Oceanic Fisheries, exploited

reef sharks. The company did well the first year, okay the second year, and went out of business in the third year. Surprise, surprise! They

“Oh, by the way, did I forget to add

caught them all. This scenario has been experienced so often, it is amazing government agencies fall for the same old tricks, not considering

that for our long-term well-being

the long-term losses. It will take decades for these shark species to recover if no extraction is carried on at all. Surely you know this will

and that of the marine environment,

happen in the Bahamas as well.

Sharks cannot accommodate commercial fishing. They grow slowly,

sharks are an essential part of the

live too long, and reproduce intermittently. They are incapable of rapid reproduction as seen with some heavily exploited bony fish such as tuna, dolphinfish, etc. The Guy Harvey Ocean Foundation is joining

formula that keeps our planet blue?”

the Bahamas National Trust, the Pew Charitable Trust, and many other dive operators and concerned individuals in the Bahamas to request

More like a hundred thousand for each tiger shark. The value of that

the Bahamian government create a sanctuary for all species of sharks

shark dead, finned, cut up, and sold is maybe a few hundred dollars. The

throughout the Bahamas, the last shark sanctuary in the western Atlantic.

value of a living shark to the island economies of Caribbean countries

In early October I went on an expedition with shark expert and conservationist Jim Abernethy and fellow artist Wyland to film tiger

and the Bahamas is…priceless!

Diving is a non-consumptive form of eco-tourism which has a much

sharks at the famous Tiger Beach on Little Bahama Bank. Jim runs dive

greater dollar value than extracting the same species. The bottom line

expeditions there year-round as do other long-range dive boats. Our

is always the almighty dollar. Well, in this instance if you do the math, it

trip cost around $25,000 for 10 people. We were paying good money

makes more sense keeping all these animals swimming in the ocean, and

to get close to and photograph these animals. Multiply our experience

letting divers appreciate them. Oh, by the way, did I forget to add that

by the thousands of divers visiting the Bahamas each year for the same

for our long-term well-being and that of the marine environment, sharks

reason and suddenly you arrive at a dollar value for each living shark that

are an essential part of the formula that keeps our planet blue?

runs into tens of thousands for the lemon, blacktip, bull, and reef sharks.

Fish responsibly, dive safely. www.guyharveymagazine.com

TACKLEBOX

R E A D E R F E E D B AC K - E - m A i l S , S N A i l m A i l , T W i T T E R , FAC E B O O K , A N D C O C O N U T T E l E G R A P H

Get in Touch

Keep Up the Good Work

Catch and Release

The magazine is beautiful. I love the photography and

I got my issue of Guy Harvey Magazine and have only

liked about Guy Harvey Magazine

the articles are all super interesting. I like that you have

made it half-way through. So far I really like the magazine

and their suggestions to make it

focused on the important issue of ocean conservation yet

and the articles. I would love to hear more about the catch

still made the magazine entertaining. I would suggest

and release shark fishing tournaments (especially since my

continuing with articles about conservation and what each

lab does shark research in the Gulf of Mexico).

We asked readers what they

better. Here are a few of their responses. We welcome comments and recommendations from our esteemed readers anytime. Thanks and we hope to hear from you soon!

of us can do to contribute to protecting our oceans. Thanks to Guy Harvey for a fantastic magazine.

Being in research, I know the importance of letting the

B. CAMPBELL, Charleston, SC

public know what kind of research is going on . . . so keeping some current research topics in the magazine would be

Fan us on Facebook

Follow us on Twitter

Great Pics

nice. Thanks to Guy Harvey for helping take steps toward

We got the magazine and love the photography! Add more

bridging the gap between science and the public!

recipes, please!

M. SCHRANDT

L. BUONOMO

High Hopes

@

Send us an e-mail editor@ guyharveymagazine.com

Write us a letter P.O. Box 34075 Pensacola, Florida 32502

Fin-tastic

Being most pleased with the magazine, I plan to follow

My son (14 yrs) loves your shirts and enjoys your magazine.

up with a full subscription. My favorite article was Hope

He thought the article about shark fins was interesting,

on the Horizon. My dad is a commercial stone crabber

especially how so much of the fish is wasted.

out of Steinhatchee, Florida, so we have yet to see how

THE HARRINGTONS

his catch is to be affected by the oil spill. However, we look forward to this year’s season with high hopes. It is

More Cali-Conservation

my plan to start a small seafood business that specializes

Very excited to see Guy Harvey Magazine. I’m a huge fan of

in product caught in the Gulf and having insightful articles

Guy Harvey art, products, and conservation. I think an article

as the one you had in your last issue will be most helpful.

on the Hubbs Seaworld Institute would be really interesting.

Thank you for all you do.

Especially about the white seabass program they have in

M. MORGAN, Salt Springs, FL

progress and the various other types of fisheries they are

0

www.guyharveymagazine.com

working on. Since we are approaching lobster season you could

Well Done

put in some information on lobster or maybe some recipes for

Very well done magazine. Was amazed by the whale and

cooking them.

bait ball pictures.

S. PARTRIDGE, Vallejo, California

R. HARPER

Restaurants Expand Westward to Texas and Colorado

By Danny ThornTon First it was Guy Harvey T-shirts that swept through the fishing community. Now, it’s Guy Harvey restaurants. The original was, logically, in Grand Cayman where Guy lives (see page 76).

Then came a few restaurants in Florida, the Gulf Coast, and Charleston. All that makes sense. But Denver? What’s up with that?

Well, Guy Harvey’s new Denver restaurant is not called Guy Harvey’s Island Grill but Guy Harvey’s Perfect Spot, named for one of Guy’s paintings. Instead of marlin, mahi mahi, and tuna art, the Perfect Spot restaurants are all about mountains and rivers with menu items like rainbow and walleye trout, steaks, and front-range chicken.

For those who associate Guy Harvey art only

Grand opening at Guy Harvey’s Perfect Spot in Denver.

with billfish, think again. Guy paints everything from flowers and butterflies to eagles and trout.

Restaurant developer Peter McFarland does

That’s why the new GH Perfect Spot in Denver

not let any moss grow on his feet. He’s opening

(actually it’s in Stapleton) makes “perfect” sense.

restaurants faster than most people change

Guy’s first inland restaurant includes some of the

their seasonal wardrobe. And that’s not just

classic island favorites such as shrimp and ahi tuna

for Guy Harvey. Noted marine artist Wyland,

but it also serves distinctively local cuisines like

who is famous for his humongous whale scenes

bourbon glazed steelhead trout. And instead of

painted on the sides of massive buildings, is also

the décor reflecting the ocean environment, the

partnering with McFarland to open a series of

Perfect Spot is more like a rustic mountain cabin.

Wyland’s Ocean Blue restaurants. Some will be

It all fits together into one, uh, perfect package.

side-by-side with Guy Harvey and others will

In addition to the new Perfect Spot which

be stand-alone. The first Wyland Ocean Blue

opened in October, two new Guy Harvey’s Island

opened in Denver in October and two more will

Grills are opening in Texas. The first opened in

launch in Plano and Austin, Texas, in the next few

the Fairview/Dallas area in October and an Austin

months. For more information, go to

eatery will open around the first of the year.

www.guyharveysislandgrill.com.

12

www.guyharveymagazine.com

Above photos by Steve Crecelius

Guy Harvey, Inc. President Steve Stock “drives” the donated Hell’s Bay Boat in Gainesville.

Ridin’ in Style

University of Florida Alumni Donate Boat for Shark Program Guy Harvey’s commitment to protecting wild shark populations is not

The custom-made boat runs in skinny

just talk. He walks the walk, too. That’s why the Guy Harvey Ocean

water making it perfect for studying sea life in

Foundation teamed with Hell’s Bay Boatworks, Inc. to donate a custom

shallow habitats. Burgess and his team will use

boat and trailer valued at more than $50,000 to support the University of

the boat to monitor shark and ray nursery areas in the northeastern

Florida’s Program for Shark Research. The 18-foot flats boat features an

Gulf of Mexico, Indian River Lagoon, Florida Bay, and the Florida Keys.

exclusive shark-themed wrap designed by Guy himself.

“I am delighted and grateful to accept this boat for our research

“We custom made this boat to easily and quietly access even rougher shallow-water areas,” said Chris Peterson, co-owner of Hell’s Bay. “It’s

initiatives,” said George Burgess, director of the Florida Program for Shark

designed to avoid damaging the very resources that we’re researching and

Research. “The partnership of Guy Harvey Ocean Foundation, Hell’s Bay

working to preserve.”

Boatworks, and our shark program powerfully furthers our shared goal of enlightened management and conservation of the oceans.”

The University of Florida received the gift because of the efforts of four UF alumni who collaborated to make it happen. Steve Stock, CEO of Guy Harvey, Inc. and Chris and Wendi Peterson, co-owners of Hell’s Bay

The boat includes a special railing that allows researchers to work closely to the water and prevents equipment from sliding off the boat. It also has a side-mounted steering console to provide more floor space for research equipment.

Burgess’ current work focuses on the recovery of smalltooth and

Boatworks of Titusville, are all alumni of the college. Michael Benedict,

largetooth sawfish. The smalltooth sawfish is an endangered marine

whose Daytona Beach advertising agency works with both companies, is

species listed in U.S. waters and the largetooth is proposed for endangered

also a flag-flying Florida Gator.

species status.

“We all bleed orange and blue,” Stock said. “We’re proud to be giving

“Since full recovery of sawfish is going to take about 100 years,

back to the University of Florida and taking the initiative of preserving the

education of both the general public and the next generation of scientists

world’s oceans together.”

is very important to our conservation initiatives,” Burgess said. www.guyharveymagazine.com

13

Catch Me… Release Me

GUYFAN1

License Plate The state of Florida has more than 100 specialty license plates – Protect Wild Dolphins (not the Miami football team, although they have a tag, too), Save the Manatees, Support Education, Fish Florida, and so on. One of the most recent additions strikes a happy chord with the Guy Harvey family. Florida’s new Guy Harvey, Catch

about these tags is that they allow

Me…Release Me license plate proudly

drivers to flaunt their beliefs and support

promotes the catch and release philosophy

that cause with a donation. In 2009, the

that has gained so much traction in the

Department of Motor Vehicles distributed

appear by happenstance. It took years of

fishing community.

some $35 million to various organizations

lobbying Florida’s state officials to turn the

Of the 17 million cars registered in Florida,

The new Guy Harvey plate didn’t just

under the program. Naturally, part of the

idea into reality. The Catch Me…Release Me

1.4 million sport a specialty logo...Golf Capital

proceeds of each Guy Harvey license plate

license plate is scheduled to be available to

of the World, Invest in Children, and the oh-

will go to help fund the great cause of Guy

Florida drivers in 2011. Plans to expand into

so-wise Share the Road. The cool thing

Harvey Ocean Foundation.

other states are ongoing.

Guy Gets Award from Top Officials in Panama It’s no secret that Guy’s favorite fishing hole

Panamanian state,” said Mr. Shamah.

is Panama (see article on page 60). In fact,

He listed the work Dr. Harvey had done

his most recent coffee-table book, Panama

in Panama, including the tagging and satellite

Paradise, pretty much tells the story. There’s

tracking of various species, as well as creating

something about the Pacific Ocean off

artwork representing the country.

the southern part of Latin America that consistently produces a huge billfish bite.

Earlier this year, Panama returned the love

“I was very humbled by all of what he said,” Harvey said, “and I had to take a deep breath as I turned to receive the Vasco Nunez de Balboa

by awarding Guy with Panama’s highest honor

Grand Cross around my neck, the silver star on

given to foreigners, the Vasco Nunez de Balboa

my left chest, and then was handed the decree,

Grand Officer Order, for his work to preserve

signed by the president and vice president.”

and publicize Panama’s marine resources. The

He thanked the government and people

award was presented by Minister of Tourism

on Panama for their hospitality as well as the

Salomon Shamah.

owners and staff of Tropic Star Lodge, which had

“Dr. Guy Harvey has always been a loyal advocate and ambassador of Panama,

inspired many of his works.

“We toasted the president and the country

everywhere hailing the efforts necessary for

of Panama. It was a huge moment in my life to

the preservation of the marine fauna of the

be honored in this manner by another country.”

14

www.guyharveymagazine.com

Guy and his daughter Jessica.

Marinas Go shark-Free No, dear readers, “shark-free” is not new

those involved hope this initiative is an

line of tuna or diet cola. It’s a proud

effective way to reduce shark mortality.

designation for marinas that don’t allow

“We recently made our marina at the Big

sharks to be brought in to their docks. The

Game Club in Bimini shark-free to illustrate

Shark-Free Marina Initiative (SFMI) has

our commitment to protecting shark

attracted some heavy hitters in an effort

populations,” said Dr. Guy Harvey.

to expand its reach by teaming up with The

Dr. John Grandy, senior vice president

Humane Society, the Guy Harvey Ocean

of The Humane Society, enthusiastically

Foundation, and even some celebrities such

supports the SFMI campaign as well.

as actors Alec Baldwin and Bill Maher, as

“Although shark finning and commercial

well as legendary guitarist Slash, of Guns and

fishing are responsible for the majority

Roses fame.

of worldwide shark mortality figures, this

CoVer shoT

campaign to encourage marinas to go shark-

We are pleased to announce that you can

Dr. Bob Hueter, director of shark research at

free can save tens of thousands of sharks

purchase the cover art as a special edition,

the Mote Marine Laboratory and John

each year and change perceptions about this

Le Coq, co-founder of Fishpond USA. All

much-maligned creature.”

signed Giclee print. A Giclee is an exact

The SFMI team is being advised by

reproduction of the original artwork and

For more information, go to www.sharkfreemarinas.com

this special edition will be limited to only 10 reproductions which will be

Maui Jim Introduces Guy Harvey Sunglasses and Wins First Award

personally signed by Guy. See page 45 for more info.

After many months of careful planning and collaboration between

low light conditions. In addition, all four styles are available with

Guy Harvey and Maui Jim Sunglasses, the company has announced the

prescription in both single vision and progressive. The glasses will

launch of a new line of GH shades. In September, Maui Jim provided

retail for $299 with a portion of the proceeds donated to the Guy

a sneak preview of their Guy Harvey collection at the International

Harvey Ocean Foundation.

Convention of Allied Sportfishing Trades. It was included in the ICAST

“We are thrilled to partner with Guy Harvey for our new sunglass

New Product Showcase and won the Best in Show award in the

collection. His beautiful and high quality art pairs well with our brand,”

eyewear category.

says Mike Dalton, the company’s president. “Maui Jim sunglasses are

The new, super-hip, high-tech collection comes in four styles with

essential equipment for serious saltwater and freshwater anglers, and

Guy Harvey’s artwork on the inside of the frames. The glasses come in

now we can offer something unique to both Maui Jim and Guy Harvey

blue, brown, and grey with anticorrosive nickel/silver spring hinges for

enthusiasts. And to receive Best in Show at

a gentle but snug fit. All of the frames and lenses are saltwater safe

ICAST is just a great way to kick

and have a built-in opening in the frame for a filament lanyard so you

off this collection.”

won’t lose them while you’re fighting a 300-pound blue.

Maui Jim has integrated their patented PolarizedPlus®2 technology, which eliminates glare and is offering three lens colors: neutral grey, bronze, and Maui HT (high transmission) for

Just in time for Christmas (hint, hint) www.guyharveymagazine.com

15

s k o o H CirCle s e V i l sAVe aVes n e. Gr

. y in the U.S it n u m m o c onal the recreati s antic r a e y 0 3 t as vation of Atl r e s n o c g n Over the p moti , active in pro ro p y blue marlin r e e v th n f e o e t b n s e a h perc re ell over 90 w g in s st anglers a a o le M re , r. s a e e h y s billfi each fish caught il a s d n hed, and it s a , fi r n e li r v o a m ly s e whit seriou stocks are e s e th atter what t m a o th n t re a a th w alize well a ientist to re c itely s t e k c ro ey are infin ea k th , ta h ’t s n fi s d e e o s d relea w l are for a a iv v r u s ted. But ho a f o o b s d n d e o e b e th t has r a fish tha fo ? Do e s o th n ally survive tu c a e better tha v li a ased billfish rele ? Do they s e s ie c o e th p s f o g y n man amo rvival var y u s tions e s a le re stof the ques e m o s re rates of po a ose k types? Th o o h n inia Institute e g e ir tw V e e b th y r t a a v and I en s, students, e u g a r y, have be e a ll o M c d y n m a t a th illiam ollege of W C , e c n ie c S of Marine ars. past 10 ye e th r fo g in study

Joh

By Dr.

en Neill Photo by K

16

www.guyharveymagazine.com

www.guyharveymagazine.com

17

The development of pop-up satellite archival

Following the fate of highly migratory species

speed troll fishery off Bermuda. Eight of the

released from commercial or recreational

transmitters (PSATs) over the past 15 years has

nine tags we deployed popped up on schedule

fisheries is not an easy task. Conventional dart

provided an incredible opportunity to study the

after five days, at distances ranging from 40 to

tags provide an economical means of assessing

post-release survival of billfishes. PSATs are

134 nautical miles from their release locations.

post-release survival; but tag return rates from

small electronic instruments attached to the

The data transmitted from the eight reporting

such studies tend to be very low, typically

fish at the time of capture. They take and record

tags showed that each fish was moving up

about one percent. Some have argued that low

physical measurements (e.g., depth, temperature,

and down in the water column throughout

conventional tag return rates reflect high levels

light level) for a pre-programmed time before

the tagging period — evidence that they had

of post-release mortality, although tag shedding

releasing from the animal and floating to the

survived. These results clearly confirmed the

and failure to report recaptured fish could also

surface where the archived data is transmitted

conservation benefit of catch and release

account for low return rates. The fate of released

to passing satellites that relay the information

fishing for billfish.

billfish has also been studied by attaching acoustic

to the investigator back on land (see below).

transmitters to fish prior to release and tracking

Unlike conventional tags, information is obtained

the type of terminal tackle one used could have

them with a research vessel to obtain information

from almost every PSAT deployed, and unlike

a significant effect on a fish’s chance for survival

on movements and habitat utilization (depth and

acoustic tags, PSATs can be used to follow fish

following release. It was during this time that

temperature profiles). Such studies have provided

for periods of a year or more. In 1999, working

the use of circle hooks was rapidly expanding

great insights into billfish behavior, but fish are

with Drs. Brian Luckhurst and Eric Prince, I

in trolled natural bait fisheries, especially in the

usually followed for less than a few days due

undertook a preliminary study to evaluate the

sailfish fishery along the Pacific coast of Central

to the difficulties imposed by crew fatigue and

utility of an early model PSAT to follow the

America. Studies by Dr. Prince and colleagues

deteriorating weather conditions.

fate of the blue marlin released from the high

demonstrated that relative to standard J hooks,

In the late 1990s it became apparent that

Proof is in the Pudding Blue Marlin J hook Circle hook

hooked Internally

hooked externally

BleedIng

19 %

81%

13 %

87%

2%

98%

0%

100%

44 %

56%

33 %

67 %

2%

98%

1%

99 %

41%

59 %

33 %

67%

6%

94 %

2%

98 %

not BleedIng

White Marlin J hook Circle hook

Sailfish J hook Circle hook

Frequencies of hooking locations and the presence of bleeding for blue marlin, white marlin, and sailfish caught on standard J hooks and circle hooks.

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circle hooks had a much higher probability of lodging in the corner of the jaw, and a much lower probability of deep hooking, conditions more likely to promote post-release survival. Furthermore, they demonstrated that circle hooks with large offsets (10 percent or more) behaved more like J hooks, resulting in high rates of deep hooking that would likely decrease a sailfish’s probability of post-release survival.

Over the past several years my graduate students and I, along with the help of three charter captains, collected data on hooking location and the presence or absence of bleeding for sailfish, white marlin, and blue marlin caught on trolled ballyhoo baits rigged with either J hooks or circle hooks.

What we found is that circle hooks significantly reduce the frequencies of internal hooking locations and bleeding for all three species – that is, they result in less trauma to the fish (see table at left). We also noted that frequencies of internal hook locations and bleeding for blue marlin caught

A na tomy of a H ook

on J hooks were about one-third the values found for white marlin and sailfish, indicating that not all billfish are equally impacted by J hooks.

While hooking locations and bleeding provide inferences as to the fate of a released fish, PSATs provide direct evidence of post-release survival or mortality. To compare the post-release survival of white marlin caught on J hooks and circle hooks, graduate student Andrij Horodysky and I attached PSATs programmed to release after 10 days to 20 white marlin caught on natural baits (ballyhoo) rigged with circle hooks and 20 rigged with J hooks. The results were quite unexpected. More than a third (7 of 20) of the white marlin caught on J hooks died following release. In contrast, none of the 20 white marlin caught on circle hooks died. In the study, the use of circle hooks resulted in significant reductions in deep hooking, bleeding, and post-release mortality of white marlin. We continued our investigation, comparing the relative conservation benefits of three different models of circle hooks that vary in shape and are commonly used in the white marlin fishery. We attached PSATs programmed to release after 10 days to 20 white marlin caught on each circle hook type. The results demonstrated no significant differences in hooking

White marlin trying to shake the hook. Photo by John E. Graves www.guyharveymagazine.com

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E a gle C la w

O w ner

M usta d

K now Y our H ooks locations or post-release survival between the three hook types. In fact, we observed only one mortality among the 59 white marlin on which the tags remained attached for the 10-day tagging period. That resulted in an overall post-release mortality of 1.6 percent for white marlin caught on natural baits with circle hooks, far below the value of 35 percent observed for those caught on J hooks. In a typical year, U.S. recreational anglers release between four and eight thousand (or more) white marlin. From the results of our studies, the use of circle hooks throughout the fishery could result in reduction of white marlin fishing mortality in U.S. waters of 1,400 to 2,800 individuals. Considering the overfished state of the white marlin stock, those are fish we cannot afford to lose. On the basis of our results, the U.S. National Marine Fisheries Service implemented a management measure requiring the use of circle hooks in natural baits in all Atlantic billfish tournaments. Considering that most boats fishing in tournaments will probably fish with circle hooks throughout the season, the benefit of using circle hooks extends well beyond tournament fishing. The results of our hooking location study demonstrated that the use of circle hooks significantly reduces the rate of internal hooking and bleeding for blue marlin, white marlin, and sailfish, although the rates of deep hooking and bleeding of blue marlin caught on J hooks were significantly lower than those of white marlin and sailfish. This would suggest that the difference in post-release survival for blue marlin caught on circle hooks and J hooks would not be as great as that observed for white marlin caught on the two hook types. To test this hypothesis, Horodysky and I recently completed a comparison of post-release survival of blue marlin caught on natural baits rigged with circle hooks or artificial lure/natural bait (combination baits) rigged with J hooks, deploying a total of 59 PSATs. In the study, there were only two mortalities, and both were caught on combination baits with J hooks, resulting in an estimated postrelease mortality of 6.7 percent for J hooks, considerably less than the 35 percent post-release mortality of white marlin caught on J hooks. The zero-percent post-release mortality of blue marlin caught on circle hooks once again demonstrates the conservation benefit of these hooks.

The results of our studies and those of our colleagues have demonstrated a huge conservation benefit from the use of circle hooks, especially for white marlin and sailfish.

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Despite the obvious advantages to the fish, many anglers originally resisted changing to circle hooks.

Together, the hook location and PSAT data indicate that blue marlin are

hook rigging and fishing techniques and became discouraged. But

less impacted by the use of circle hooks than white marlin and sailfish.

for those who persisted, it soon became apparent that circle hooks

This may be due to differences in both fish and angler behavior. Blue

not only were fish friendly, but they were equally (if not more) effective

marlin are more likely than white marlin or sailfish to charge a bait before

than J hooks for catching billfish. The ranks of circle hook converts are

an angler has time to reach a rod and drop back, essentially hooking itself,

rapidly growing.

leaving little opportunity for a deep hooking location. And on those

Are circle hooks making a difference? The very high catch rates of

occasions when an angler does drop bait back to a blue marlin, the bite is

white marlin and the increasing size of winning white marlin in fishing

usually so aggressive that the angler drops back for a much shorter time

tournaments along the U.S. Atlantic coast over the past few years

than they might for a white marlin or sailfish, decreasing the chances for

suggests that the switch to circle hook fishing, along with changes in

deep hooking, internal injury, and death.

the U.S. and Atlantic-wide high seas pelagic longline fishery, may be

The results of our studies and those of our colleagues have

responsible for the apparent increase in local abundance of billfish. But

demonstrated a huge conservation benefit from the use of circle hooks,

these stock aren’t out of the woods yet, so make sure you do your part

especially for white marlin and sailfish. Despite the obvious advantages

for conservation – use circle hooks!

to the fish, many anglers originally resisted changing to circle hooks. Many encountered lower catch rates of billfish as they experimented with circle

Photo by Ken Neill

www.guyharveymagazine.com

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Coy Myers is the mate on Lil’ Bit and brings a gaffer dolphin over the transom.

TexT anD PhoTos 22

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By JeFF Dennis

Dolphin Tagging goes

WorlDWiDe Helping to keep one of the most popular gamefish and tasty fillets sustainable Don Hammond is the marine fisheries biologist responsible for Cooperative Science Services, better known as

Dolphinfish Research Program to more accurately depict the wealth of new information concerning these migratory fish.

the Dolphin Tagging Project. He has a lifetime of information regarding

Continued expansion of its satellite tagging program and streamer

offshore fishing and the gamefish known for their savory flesh and

tags will aid in revealing what dolphin consider suitable habitat,

bright green and blue colors. Sometimes called mahi mahi or dorado,

and even what water temperatures they prefer. Another focus of

dolphin can be found around the world, and this privately-funded

study will be to document diving behavior, which mirrors research

program seeks to chart their life history, something that was never

being done currently on the diving behavior of sea turtles.

done before because dolphin abundance always seemed limitless.

The South Carolina Department of Natural Resources started

Currently tags are being placed in dolphin by cooperating anglers and scientists in the Caribbean, North Atlantic, Gulf of

the dolphin tagging program in 2002 and conducted it through

Mexico, Mediterranean, South China Sea, and the Eastern Pacific

2005, but the study became privately funded in 2006 by a research

waters off Panama. The streamer tags are six inches in length

company run by Hammond, coinciding with his retirement from

with a nylon dart-barb and polypropylene body that carries the

SCDNR. Fishing clubs, boat manufacturers, saltwater tournaments,

program’s website, www.dolphintagging.com, and a unique number

clothing companies, and concerned offshore anglers have all pitched

that identifies the fish.

in dollars to ensure stewardship for dolphin. Such broad support

“The program’s website address was added to the tags in 2002,”

seems to say that no one wants to see the day when the ocean-

said Hammond, “and the website’s tag recovery page has facilitated

dwelling dolphin might not be a sustainable fishery. After six

global tag recoveries because even if the angler doesn’t speak

years of research the program officially changed its name to

English, he recognizes the Internet symbols.” www.guyharveymagazine.com

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Smaller boats are often all that is needed to reach the dolphin fishing grounds.

Tag recovery rates are historically running from two to five percent, and Hammond uses information such as the length of the fish, the location where it is caught, the date, and the ID number.

Government funding for ocean research is dwindling and it is

In addition to depth information, transmitted data also reveals the water temperatures that dolphin most commonly seek out.

Some of the early data indicates that dolphin make regular deep dives during daytime hours down to 400 feet, a little known fact prior to the study.

being replaced by University-funded operations and private funds.

They make these dives to feed, explaining why critters like squid, rock shrimp,

The more funds on hand the more technology can be applied to the

and paper nautilus can sometimes be found in their stomachs during cleaning.

study. Hammond also deploys pop-up archival satellite tags (PSATs) on

Hammond said, “This program is about the complete life history of dolphin,

dolphin, the same kind used to study marlin and sharks. At $4,200 each,

and I hope that my efforts foster more research on dolphin worldwide.”

the second-generation satellite tags are quite pricey, but they can be

Dolphin do not live long and Hammond says that total mortality

programmed to record data for a set time, say a week or a

estimates suggest that 99.7% of them will not see 12 months of age. In the

month, then they detach from the fish and float to the surface of the ocean

ocean it’s eat or be eaten and dolphin are one of the best examples of this

where the data is uploaded to the Argo satellite network. So far, eight out

mantra, voraciously feeding and always ready for a meal – but at the same time

of 10 PSAT tags deployed have reported back perfectly, while two were

they are on the menu for every single predator. Hammond said, “Dolphin are

never heard from again, perhaps unwittingly consumed by a pelagic predator.

the equivalent of bluewater menhaden.”

A large first-generation PSAT dwarfs the second generation PSAT.

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Don Hammond captures information back at the dock like length and girth to extrapolate health data. Dolphin grow fast with a one-year-old fish averaging 25 pounds, but given optimum nutrition and good genetics that same fish could grow to be a 40-pound bull dolphin in the same timeframe. A two-year old fish is likely a trophy, and a three-year old dolphin is truly a rare survivor. Hammond prefers tagging dolphin in the 16- to 30-inch range because this smaller sized dolphinfish has more lifespan in front of him than an ‘older’ cow or bull dolphin. Besides, anglers don’t mind returning smaller fish to the ocean, ones that can’t provide hearty filets for their offshore efforts. These fish are easier to handle and can be easily calmed by placing a towel over their eyes. Anglers don’t want to hinder the dolphin’s ability to swim because if the dolphin doesn’t act natural then nature will select them to be removed from the ecosystem by predation. The smaller the tag the better the survival rate for the tagged dolphin, and with new smaller satellite tags under production right now, Hammond is lining up fishing clubs, individuals and sport fishermen who want to support and be a part of his dolphin research. He keeps supporters informed of tag studies, yearly trends, and more via his monthly newsletter.

Dolphin with a streamer tag in place. Photo by Don Hammond

One program supporter is the South Carolina Saltwater Sportfishing Association (SCSSA), which provided some of the initial funding dollars when the program went private. SCSSA’s Ritt Ritter said, “The need for information on dolphin is imperative before these stocks begin to decline.” Hammond added, “We don’t really know if the stock is healthy right now, or already on the decline.” Dolphin are the cornerstone of bluewater pursuits as the number-one recreational catch among all species landed in the Atlantic and in the Gulf of Mexico. Hammond said, “There is more fishing now than we’ve ever seen for dolphin and the advancement in electronics allows smaller boats to reach the dolphin grounds and try for their limit.” No two years have been alike for Hammond’s research data and he feels that dolphin, like nature, work

in long-term cycles and it’s simply too soon to tell what part of the cycle the eight years of research now completed is witnessing. The Dolphinfish Research Program is made possible by private donations. Anglers interested in tagging dolphin for the study should visit the website or contact Don Hammond directly at his email CSSLLC@ bellsouth.net or phone him at (843) 795-7524. In 2006, a whopping 1,500 dolphin were tagged and released, and that nearly doubled to 2,460 dolphin tagged and released in 2007. While 2008

saw fewer trips to the bluewater by anglers due to the spike in fuel prices, the information gained by tag recoveries from previous years continued to pay off. The top 10 boats tagging fish in 2007 released 1,900 dolphin, which was more than any previous year’s combined totals, and 290 anglers from 25 states helped tag dolphin in 2007 – with South Carolina anglers accounting for 499 tagged dolphin in 2007.

Top ThaT

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edisto Banks, south Carolina, a seasonal Dolphin Hot spot

Stastically Speaking

Hammond explains what makes the Edisto Banks, a natural formation

During eight years of study in the Western North Atlantic, more than

along the Continental Shelf, so productive for ocean dwellers. On a

1,400 anglers fishing from 525 boats have tagged 11,388 fish for

135-degree heading out of Charleston and running at 20 knots it takes

this study. Dolphin have been tagged from Texas to Massachusetts,

roughly an hour and a half to reach the Edisto Banks.

“The Edisto Banks are essentially a small hill that juts out beyond

throughout the Bahamas Islands, Puerto Rico, Antigua, Grenada, and

the normal topography found on the 30-fathom line,” stated Hammond.

Mexico. This effort by recreational anglers has resulted in 320 tags being

“This formation has been there for eons and over time the ocean currents

reported recovered with some coming from as much as 2,500 miles away

scoured away any soil thus exposing the marl.”

from their release site. These recaptures have revealed many amazing

“The marl hardens when exposed to seawater, and the Edisto Banks is essentially irregular bottom with lots of ledges. Over time the marl attracted hard and soft corals and sponges, creating a live bottom habitat, which in turn attracts small bottom fish and sardines. Once you start collecting the small fish, then you start getting predators like

traits, such as the fact that dolphin can travel as much as 130 miles in one day and that in some instances they return to feeding within minutes of being released.

The 2009 goals of the dolphin tagging program were to recruit

dolphin.” So essentially, any bottom that is transformed from silt and

experienced offshore fishermen to tag as many dolphin as possible on the

sand into a live bottom can be a productive fishing area.”

East Coast, the Gulf of Mexico, and the Bahamas. With dolphin wintering

Hammond recommends trying the Edisto Banks off of South Carolina

in the warmer waters from Florida and the Bahamas and throughout the

in late April and May and said, “When the dolphin are present, then so are the billfish.” Conservation techniques like fishing with circle hooks

Caribbean, participating anglers in 2010 are now asked to tag the fish

greatly reduces latent mortality form gut hooking for both species.

during the winter months, in order to give the dolphin research program

Ocean dwellers like the electric green mahi mahi and the blue marlin

a full year and complete track of the dolphin’s annual movement cycle.

make unforgettable memories for offshore enthusiasts, and those same anglers must carry the mantle of tag and release until the life cycles of

Too small to eat, but hearty and ready to grow, this dolphin is a fine

each species is revealed to scientists in the name of conservation.

candidate for the Dolphin Tagging Program.

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ARTISTS IN ACTION

SWIMMING WITH

By shawn heinrichs Photo by Jim Abernethy

TIGERS

Three ocean artists – a painter, a photographer, and a painter/sculptor – recently set out together on a journey to document the critical importance of Bahamian sharks.

Tiger sharks have been considered man-eaters for years, right up there with great whites. However, Abernethy has found that they can be as tame as puppy dogs. Photo by Jim Abernethy

Their mission: to share the beauty

D

escending the downline toward the sandy bottom some 70 feet below, I couldn’t believe my eyes! The seafloor was alive with the silhouettes of large sharks, spiraling like a tropical

of sharks with the world in hopes of convincing leaders in the Bahamas and Florida to protect this last shark stronghold; doing so

storm, with sharks converging then drifting out from the center. Approaching the seafloor,

my eye caught the distinctive blunt nose, speckled stripe pattern, and impressive girth that could only belong to a tiger shark swimming through a melee of reef and lemon sharks. I could feel my heart pounding in my chest as my eyes darted from shark to shark, trying to identify the shapes and positions of other tigers. A quick count revealed eight large tiger sharks, ranging from 8 to 14 feet in length, mixing with two dozen reef sharks and a half dozen lemon sharks. It was game on!

It’s nearly impossible to describe how humbling and inspiring it is to experience a close and

would help to secure the health of our oceans and our own existence on the planet. While global shark

intimate encounter with these apex predators. The first time you enter the water and dive with these sharks your mind battles, still brainwashed by the media from decades of propaganda that has taught us to fear and even hate sharks. We have been programmed to believe they are mindless man-eaters, looking for every opportunity to devour whatever’s in sight. But once a person has spent time in the company of these impressive animals, it becomes abundantly apparent that everything the

populations have been severely depleted by fisheries targeting sharks for the fins, the sharks in the Bahamas have been largely

media has tried to convince us about sharks is all wrong. These are intelligent creatures, purposeful and graceful in every movement. They keep our oceans healthy and in balance as they have done for hundreds of millions of years. When we enter their realm and approach them with respect and care, there is little reason to fear them.

I touched down with a thud on the sandy bottom, stirring up an undesirable cloud of silt that I hoped would quickly settle. I didn’t want to be surprised by one of these sharks coming in! Glancing to my left I noticed Dr. Guy Harvey, his eyes alert, his body in motion, and his camera rolling as he

spared…but for how long?

danced with the sharks. To my right, Wyland looked like a boxer in the ring, his hands gripping a large HD video camera with larger strobe lights – he engaged with and faced down one tiger after another.

Looking around, where was Jim Abernethy, our expedition leader and renowned shark matador? The flash of camera strobes caught my attention near the bait station. Staring intently, I could just make

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The Bahamas is considered one of the last remaining shark strongholds in the world.

What is needed now is the governance to make this natural sanctuary officially protected under Bahamian law. out the barely-visible silhouette of Jim engulfed in a swarm of sharks. He was turning and rolling in perfect harmony with the sharks, all the while capturing beautiful images and calling out instructions to his guests. Jim is one with the sharks, and the exhilaration and sacredness of this moment captivated us all. In that moment, the importance of this expedition revealed itself.

Tres Hombres – Guy, Jim, and Wyland plan their day. Photo by Shawn Heinrichs

The Bahamas is considered one of the last remaining shark strongholds in the world. What is needed now is the governance to make this natural sanctuary officially protected under Bahamian law. The demand for shark

Bahamas have largely been spared because the Bahamas enacted a longlining

fin soup in Asia has led to a global shark-finning epidemic. Throughout the

ban in 1993, following a longline incident in Walkers Cay that devastated

world’s oceans, industrial fishing fleets have annihilated shark populations,

a local reef shark population. As a result of this ban, Bahamian sharks

wreaking havoc on coastal and open ocean ecosystems. The sharks of the

have not been subject to the leading cause of global shark declines, direct commercial harvesting, and by-catch by longline fisheries. Subsequently, the robust shark populations, combined with increasing popularity of sharks with divers, have enabled the Bahamas to become a world leader in shark diving tourism. Arguably, nowhere else in the world can divers consistently interact with such a large number and diversity of sharks as found in the crystal clear waters of the Bahamas.

Sadly, this may all change in the near future. China has recently made significant, billion-dollar investments in the Bahamas, and Chinese immigration into the country is on the rise. In other island nations, the combination of these factors has often led to severe exploitation of local shark populations by traders to satisfy demand for shark fins back in China. A recent request for a shark fin export permit by Sunco Wholesale Seafood in the Bahamas suggests that the Bahamas may soon follow suit. If this were to happen, the sharks will rapidly be fished out, the shark tourism industry will collapse, and the thriving Bahamian marine ecosystem will suffer immeasurably. However, in the face of this clear and present threat, an alternative has been proposed to declare the entire Bahamian exclusive economic zone (EEZ) a shark sanctuary that would establish the Bahamas among the leaders in global shark conservation.

The PEW Environment Group and Bahamas National Trust, with the support of local NGOs, prominent businesses, leading scientists, and

Jim Abernethy dances with a large female tiger shark. Photo by Shawn Heinrichs

thousands of passionate individuals, have spearheaded the shark sanctuary initiative. Armed with sound environmental research and compelling economic data, these organizations have presented a definitive case that www.guyharveymagazine.com

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Jim Abernethy welcomes his favorite tiger shark, the gentle supermodel Emma. Photo by Shawn Heinrichs

long-term conservation of sharks, versus short-term exploitation, is far better for Bahamians from both an ecological and economic perspective.

Sharks as the apex predator play a critical role in maintaining balanced reef ecology upon which important Bahamian fisheries are dependent.

Healthy reefs, teaming with reef fish and sharks also support a thriving dive tourism industry. Tour operators, hotels, restaurants, retail businesses, and transportation providers all stand to gain from the protection of sharks.

Bahamians are now realizing this fact and a groundswell of support is building within local communities.

Inspired by this incredible opportunity, our team came together in the

Sitting in the salon of the Shear Water on the last evening of the expedition, we watched in silence as the ocean artists went to work, creating the images that represented their individual impressions from this journey.

Bahamas in a bold move to garner global support for the shark sanctuary.

Dr. Guy Harvey, marine artist and biologist, has become an icon in the

turtle barely escaping an attempt by a tiger shark to feed on it. Dr. Harvey

sport fishing industry for his paintings, science and conservation endeavors.

has become renowned for his paintings depicting game fish predator-prey

Wyland, marine sculptor, painter, and conservationist, has brought the

interactions. Now, the sharks, and particularly the tiger sharks of the

beauty of the oceans to the world through his building-sized ocean murals

Bahamas, had made a profound impact on him. His drawings contain an

and sculptures. And expedition leader, nature photographer, and author

important message – that as the apex predator, sharks play a critical role

Jim Abernethy is best known for his abilities to bring divers into the world

in the ecosystem, and must be respected and cherished for the awesome

of sharks – sans cages. Jim lives at sea year-round, spending more time up

predators that they are.

close to large sharks than anyone else on the planet. George Schellenger

Wyland was next, and utilizing a combination of pencil, felt pen, and brush

and I were invited to join this impressive trio on their expedition as the

stroke, he created an image of a solitary tiger shark, gracefully gliding through

documentary team who would bring this important story to the world.

the shallow Bahamian waters. In describing the image, he shared how the

Sitting in the salon of the Shear Water on the last evening of the

beauty of the tiger sharks had captivated and inspired him to create this

expedition, we watched in silence as the ocean artists went to work,

painting, an image that depicted the true nature of these animals – intelligent,

creating the images that represented their individual impressions from this

cautious, and worthy of our appreciation. We then asked Jim to share with

journey. As they talked, laughed, and related their experiences from the

us the photographs he had been processing. Jim humbly declined, stating his

trip, powerful images began to take form on canvas and screen. Dr. Guy

images had no place at the table with these great artists. We insisted and

Harvey spoke up first, “I call this one ‘First Pass’.” The sketch depicted a

Jim ultimately conceded. Rotating his laptop to face us, he flipped through

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The trip inspired this art by Wyland and Guy, with Jim’s photos on the computer.

Photo by Shawn Heinrichs several images. The room fell silent as the stunning images touched each of us personally. Jim had captured that moment when the bond is formed between man and nature, a silent bond, an intimate connection that compels one to think deeper and take a stand to conserve these vulnerable creatures.

The truth is, the images that Dr. Harvey,Wyland, and Jim created on that final night spoke to something we all shared – a deep passion and respect for nature and all that it has to offer. Though most will never have the unique opportunity to experience these sharks in their own habitat, the powerful images these artists created and the stories of their journey will create a window into the value of sharks and their critical role in the ocean ecosystems. And perhaps through the eyes of the artists, we will see the beauty of the ocean and all of its creatures in a new light. Ultimately, these artists hope to inspire others to take the steps required to preserve them for generations to come.

What can you do?

If you live in the Bahamas: Voice: Voice your support for a Bahamian shark sanctuary to your community and elected officials.

If you live outside the Bahamas: Sign:

Sign the online petition to protect sharks in the Bahamas. www.thepetitionsite.com/takeaction/549/487/335/

Write: Write to Florida Fish and Wildlife Commission voicing your support for increased protective legislation for all species of sharks.

Vote:

Vote to elect government officials who are conservation-minded.

Guy prepares to submerge.

Photo by Shawn Heinrichs www.guyharveymagazine.com

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GUY’S RETROSPECTIVE ART The following feature is a first. It’s a rare look at Guy Harvey artwork that has never been reproduced in printed form on a T-shirt, poster, or anywhere else. In other words, this is practically never seen before Guy Harvey art that we pulled from the vault, dusted off, and are displaying in public for the FIRST TIME EVER! The best news is, you have the opportunity to purchase a limited edition Giclee print of the art on the following pages. Only 10 reproductions will be created and you have a chance to own one of the 10, each of which will be signed by Guy Harvey himself! For more information, see page 45.

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Guy at work in his George Town Studio in Grand Cayman.

The Perfect $300 Christmas Gift – Guy’s Art! Guy Harvey personally selected the art in this portfolio for Guy Harvey Magazine’s exclusive offer.

He also extended an extra-special price for magazine readers — only $300! Finally, he decided to keep the reproduction quantity VERY limited to only 10 copies of each of these seven, never-before-released paintings. Guy not only picked them and priced them but when you purchase one, he will also personalize it with his distinctive signature. Guy’s final word on the subject was to “act fast!”

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Hoo’s Next II 14” x 26” - $300

Reef Patrol 11” x 14” - $300

Marlin & Dolphin 11” x 29” - $300

Three Bonefish

Golden Prize

16.5” x 20” - $300

16” x 21” - $300

Underwater Yellowfin Tuna Bunk 16” x 21.5” - $300

Little Green Herons 12” x 24” - $300

Bring Guy’s Art Into Your Home The above art is being released for the FIRST TIME EVER to the public. A maximum of only 10 reproductions will be made AND each one will be personally signed by Guy Harvey himself. This is an exclusive offer from Guy Harvey Magazine. It’s a first-come, first-serve offering so don’t hesitate. Be one of only 10 people on the entire planet to own the above signed Guy Harvey art!

To order, call 888-275-2856 or email kat@guyharveymagazine.com. www.guyharveymagazine.com

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In a quiet corner of the industry, the electric outboard motor is evolving.

by DARyL CARSON Technological revolutions can be hard to predict. Perhaps at the invention of the wheel, the steam engine, or the microchip some forward-thinking observers predicted the changes that would come to society. But what about Crocs footwear? Did anyone guess a few years ago that they would become the new standard in hideously ugly comfort? Still, reading the signs of the times suggests we may be in for an equally profound paradigm shift when it comes to marine propulsion. We’re talking about electric outboards. Not trolling motors, but primary propulsion electric outboards.

Consider consumer readiness. After a summer of cleaning crude oil out of most every bay, marsh, and beach along the Gulf Coast, alternative energy sources are more attractive than ever to many boaters. Also consider recent strides in automotive technology. The success of the Toyota Prius and other gas-electric hybrids in recent years has helped pave the way for acceptance of electric technology in the minds of many consumers. Fluctuating gas prices and environmental concerns seem to be working together to curb consumers’ appetite for bigger, faster modes of transportation. There’s a growing appreciation for costeffective and eco-friendly technologies. Finally, consider Photo by Pete Rinaldi www.guyharveymagazine.com

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Torqeedo has a full line of electric outboards.

that there’s a quiet little corner of the marine industry where electric

The revival of electric boating has been a push both for green power

propulsion is thought to be the only way to cruise the waves, and that

and for quiet power. Electric-only lakes in exclusive communities that

electric-powered boats are anything but new.

demand peace and quiet for residents, gasoline engine restrictions in large

History tells us of electric boats being developed as early as the 1830s

municipal water supplies and reservoirs, and electric-only zones in inshore

in Russia, and by the end of the 19th century electric boating was well

waterways are popping up all over the U.S. In some European countries,

established in Europe and in the Americas. The first outboard motor is

gas-powered engines have been banned from all or nearly all inland

credited to French inventor Gustave Trouve in 1880. And, yes, it was electric.

waterways over noise and pollution concerns. In these locales, especially

On this side of the pond, electric boating got its big break with the Electric

in the U.S., larger watercraft have displacement-style hulls with inboard

Launch Company (Elco), founded in December 1892. It provided 55 electric

or small outboard electric motors. Duffy Electric, based in Southern

launches to ferry passengers around at the World’s Fair in Chicago in 1893

California, offers multiple models between 16 and 24 feet that will cruise

and exposed more than a million passengers to electric boats over the

for nearly eight hours at up to 6mph and carry a dozen people. Owners

following summer.

of such craft croon over the ease of operation, low maintenance, and quiet,

The subsequent demise of electric boating parallels the rise of the internal combustion engine. By the end of World War II there was little

fume-free boating experience.

But the real growth in electric boating, at least in the U.S., has come

market left for electric pleasure craft. Even the pioneering Elco Company

with the proliferation of the humble pontoon boat. Low-cost, high-

closed its doors by 1949. But all was not lost. By the mid-1970s, interest

capacity, and ready to cruise, electric-powered pontoons are the eco-

in electric boating was growing again, along with a desire for eco-friendly

boating solution for the masses. Some are pushed by garden variety

technologies, and electric boating was beginning a quiet comeback. By 1987

trolling motors or Minn Kota’s beefier 2hp E-drive system. But many

Elco was restarted and today, along with dozens of other manufacturers in

pontoons are sporting a new breed of electric outboard, one that

the U.S., builds electric launches, cruisers, and even yachts. And they’re not

promises real motoring power and not just fish-hunting stealth. These

alone. Dozens of manufacturers in Europe and Asia are doing the same.

outboards offer the convenience and range of inboard electric boats but

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without the expense. Most significantly, they carry the hope of electric power for more high-performance craft preferred by the fish and ski crowd. Think of cruising offshore hunting king mackerel and never burning a drop of gas. Science fiction? Maybe. But maybe not for long.

Where is this new outboard technology being developed? Don’t call Mercury, Yamaha, Honda, or Evinrude. Not even Motor Guide or Minn

“ Our sales are to boaters on reservoirs where gas outboards are not allowed.”

Kota. If any of these marine industry giants are moving toward primary propulsion electric outboards, they’re not saying (and we asked). No, if

available. A typical investment is about $4,500. In any configuration Ray’s

you want the scoop on electric outboards you’re better off talking to

motor will run approximately six hours at “medium” speed or a third of

Morton Ray.

that at full throttle. Back it down to a troll and you can motor all day and

Ray, 82, is a retired Army officer and considered by many to be the father of the modern electric outboard. His company, Ray Electric, is based

then some.

“We’re trying to build the market,” says Ray, who acknowledges that

in Cape Coral, Florida, (where else would a boat builder retire?) and he’s

pontoon boat owners, and those on electric-only lakes, are the real market

been making electric outboards since 1974. He got his start in Baltimore,

right now. Since these waterways are nearly all privately held, it’s hard

converting small gasoline outboards to electric for a boat rental operator.

to determine just how many exist. Ray claims there are only about five

But the engineer in Ray found the conversion process too inefficient. His

electric-only lakes in Florida, but many more along the East Coast. One

own design is now built from the ground up as an electric power plant. It’s

of his competitors, John Fiorenza of Mars Electric, agrees. Mars is the

air-cooled, so there’s no water pump to worry about. The system charges

exclusive distributor for Parsun Marine electric outboards. “Our sales

overnight for a few dollars in electricity so it’s economical to run. And it’s

are to boaters on reservoirs where gas outboards are not allowed. There

an outboard, so it will fit on any transom designed for a gasoline engine.

are a number of them in Georgia, New York, Florida, and Virginia. There’s

Three versions – 48 volt (4hp), 36 volt (2.5hp), and 60 volt (5hp) – are

also a market around Chicago, in Wisconsin, and in California. Fiorenza, www.guyharveymagazine.com

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who serves as president of Mars Electric

battery technology to produce a significant

With offices in Crystal Lake, Illinois, their

estimates about 2,000 electric outboards are

step forward in power.

products are distributed both through retail

sold each year in the U.S., perhaps less than

Indeed, electric outboards are just

outlets like Cabela’s and West Marine as well

one percent of the market for 10hp gasoline

beginning to comfortably break the double-

as with boat manufacturers, mostly of the

motors.

digit horsepower mark. One of the chief

pontoon and deck boat variety. Their electric

obstacles is providing the bigger motors

outboards range from tiny (think kayaks and

Mars/Parsun represents market opportunists.

If Ray is an electric outboard pioneer,

– or tandem motors – with enough juice for

sailboat dinghies) to the more powerful 48V

Their outboards are built alongside the

sustained use. The cost for enough power

cruise model, which they compare to a 9.9hp

company’s gasoline engines in China, which

to plane a small fish, ski, or runabout boat

gas engine in total thrust, and sells for about

helps keep costs down. They are water-

is a heavy payload of batteries. Four-, six-,

$3,700. In addition to sporting some fancy

cooled with a brushless motor up top and

and eight-battery packages are common for

electronics that detail power usage, speed,

not down in the water as is common in most

electric outboards and add several hundred

and predicted range of operation, it can also

electric outboards. Comparing their product

pounds to a boat’s weight. Duration is also

be paired with the company’s new lithium-

to Minn Kota’s E-drive, which is very popular

key. At full throttle a 5hp electric outboard

manganese batteries.

among pontoon owners, Fiorenza says the

can drain its battery supply in an hour or less,

Parsun “offers twice the power at half the

although it will last six times that long with

battery and 104 amp hours and weighs 45

cost,” with units ranging from $1,800 to

more moderate use.

pounds,” says Steve Trkla, president for North

$3,000 for up to 5hp. He also says Parsun

Two European companies are attacking

“Our new lithium-manganese is a 25.9 volt

America operations. “If you were to base it

recently put two new 10hp models on display

this problem with a vengeance. One is

on dollars per watt/hour it equates to about

at an expo in Shanghai, using the engines

Torqeedo, a German firm established in 2005

three typical 105 amp hour AGM (Absorbed

in tandem and incorporating lithium-based

that began distributing in the U.S. in 2006.

Glass Matt) batteries.” The latter typically

Electric motor companies are making new advances in battery technology.

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weigh 70 pounds each, translating into the

Such power is possible because of lightweight

free rides in their new line of boats built

same power at nearly one-fifth the heft. And,

lithium polymer batteries, but run time is still

specifically for its outboard. Included is a 23-

in addition to the tremendous weight savings,

limited. A 110-lb payload will keep the RIB at

foot center console fishing boat with a highly-

the lithium-manganese technology does a

full speed for only about 30 minutes. Double

efficient displacement hull. It will cruise at

better job of holding a charge in storage and

the battery capacity (and weight) and run

6mph for eight to 12 hours. That’s a lot of

tolerating higher temperatures.

time goes to just over an hour.

time to fish. Better wear your Crocs.

This advance has the company hopeful

Where does the future lie? From his

of big strides in the near future. “One of

vantage point in Cape Coral, Morton Ray says

the things you’ll see from us next year,”

the next significant revolution for electric

Find Out More

says Trkla, “is using our Cruise motors in

outboards will come when we can generate

Aqua Watt

tandem configurations, which will allow us to

electricity onboard. “I think it’s going to take

www.aquawatt.at/en

plane some light skiffs and fishing boats and

hydrogen fuel,” he says. “Producing your

Duffy

[effectively] move large pontoon boats.”

power onboard and not having to store it.

www.duffyboats.com

That’s the key.” Until then, gains in battery

Elco

is pursuing a similar track. Makers of both

Torqeedo’s Austrian neighbor, AquaWatt,

and motor technologies are making electric

www.elcomotoryachts.com

inboard and outboard electric technologies,

boating more accessible and more practical.

Mars Electric/Parsun Electric

their 13kw/18hp outboard is capable of

Whether motivated by an eco-minded

www.marselectricllc.com

pulling a skier behind a small 13-foot RIB

conscience or by gasoline use restrictions, the

Ray Marine

at a speed of about 21 knots. For proof,

modern boater can do more than ever with

www.rayeo.com

consumers need only to log onto the

a few watts of power. Next year, Ray Electric

Torqeedo

company’s website for a look at the video.

will begin offering potential customers

www.torqeedo.com

www.guyharveymagazine.com

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It’s a scene to boggle the imagination—up to two hundred manta rays, swarming together like an underwater tornado as they feed on plankton. When marine biologist Guy Stevens was shown this secret spot four years ago, he immediately set up a research program—supported by GHRI partner Save Our Seas Foundation, and Four Seasons—to study why this unique cooperative feeding phenomenon is seen here, and nowhere else in the world. When he discovered, only a year later, plans to dredge the site for a marina, he realized he couldn’t keep it secret any longer. International publicity helped convince the Maldives government to proclaim Hanifaru Lagoon a Marine Protected Area last year, and declare regulations for its use. However, exposure has led to a vast increase in tourist traffic which, with no enforcement of the rules, has resulted in significant disruption of the mantas’ feeding activities.

TEXT AND PHOTO by DOUG PERRINE www.guyharveymagazine.com

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Rays

of

Hope

by SHAWN HEINRICHS

From the blue depths of the ocean a dark silhouette glides toward us, its tremendous wings gently curl as it rises effortlessly. Te manta

reaches the surface and pauses, motionless, observing us,

and our eyes meet.

A giant manta hovers over a cleaning station in Raja Ampat, Indonesia. Photo by John Weller www.guyharveymagazine.com

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Intelligent eyes, they seem to stare into our souls. She banks into a series of graceful loops, her wings almost touching us while sun rays bounce off her white underbelly. Without warning she dives deep, only to return for another look. Her interaction was intentional.

Her graceful moves and massive size leave us gasping.

An open ocean encounter with a manta ray is a rare and special experience. However, in some areas of the world, such as Hawaii, Micronesia, and the Maldives, local dive operators have discovered gathering places for these graceful giants. Unfortunately, some manta congregations have attracted human hunters who are threatening the very existence of the species.

MANTAS AND MObULAS Even with the growing opportunities to study mantas and mobulas, much remains a mystery about these creatures. How far they migrate, how long they live, how large they grow, and the size and distribution of populations, are still unanswered questions. In fact, a new species of manta was just discovered last year.

But through the efforts of scientists around the world, the manta mysteries are slowly being solved. For instance, the gestation period of manta rays was unknown until a recent breakthrough. Prior estimates had ranged from one to three years until June 2007, when a manta ray was born in captivity for the first time at the Okinawa Churaumi Aquarium in Japan. The gestation period had lasted one year and nine days and, for the first time, scientists had an insight into the life cycle of one of the least-understood marine creatures.

Further analysis allowed scientists to determine that mantas deliver in the wild every one to three years, even though they have an annual ovulation cycle. Yet scientists still do not know when they reach

Fishermen now target manta and mobula rays in many parts of Indonesia.

sexual maturity.

Photo by Shawn Heinrichs

According to Dr. Andrea Marshall, lead scientist and director of the Manta Ray and Whale Shark Research Centre in Mozambique, mantas are divided into at least two—and possibly three—distinct

UNDER THREAT

species, with visually identifiable characteristics, as well as unique

Fisheries targeting mantas and mobulas were first documented a few

behaviors. There is the pelagic, elusive, migratory manta (Birostris)

years ago in Indonesia. Now they are cropping up in India, Mozambique,

and its smaller cousin (Alfredi), the resident ray, which is often

Tanzania, Mexico, Ecuador, Peru, and other gathering zones. Manta fishing

encountered around coral reefs where they feed or are cleaned by

has become big business. Easy to hunt, the rays are pulled from the ocean

parasite-eating fish. The Gulf of Mexico mantas share characteristics

with gill nets or spears and slaughtered en mass to meet growing demand.

with both the Birostris and Alfredi and may be a third species.

Mantas and mobulas are primarily targeted for their gill-rakers (finger-

And there are nine known species of the mobula ray, the manta’s

like projections of the gills) that are used in Chinese medicine as a health

close cousin, with some globally distributed and others localized.

tonic. In China and Hong Kong, certain traditional medicine practitioners

Unfortunately, while we are discovering new species, the future of

claim that gill-rakers—called ‘Peng Yu Sai’—reduce toxins in the blood by

mantas and mobulas are facing severe threats from overfishing.

purifying and “cooling” it. One kilogram of gill-rakers from a mature

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A day’s catch of mobula rays line the street of an Indonesian fishing port. Photo by Shawn Heinrichs

Indonesian manta sells for up to $20 (U.S.) in the dried seafood markets of China. Sadly, the high value of the gill-rakers and the relatively scarce supply has caused demand to increase dramatically in recent years.

Scientists fear that a combination of slow maturation, long gestation, and infrequent pregnancies means manta ray populations are very susceptible to this overfishing. Dr. Marshall related, “The IUCN assessment states that if current fishing practices continue, certain

populations are vulnerable to extinction in the future. I don’t think it is likely that they will go globally extinct, but it is possible that [certain] populations will go, or have gone, regionally extinct.”

AWARENESS ISSUE The general public, and even most ocean enthusiasts, are largely unaware of the gill-raker trade and the toll it is taking on the manta and mobula population. This could be due to all the attention focused on cod, tuna, and sharks. However, if the manta/mobula fisheries are not addressed with urgency, the population of these charismatic animals could collapse.

THE DOCUMENTARy While conducting a decade-long investigation into the global shark fin trade, we began to notice manta and mobula rays being sold for their meat and gill-rakers. In fact, in one small fishing port in Indonesia, we documented up to a dozen mantas and mobulas lined up in the street.

Repeat visits to this market revealed the same grizzly scene time and time again. Similarly, in a fishing port in Sri Lanka, we counted 23 dead mobula rays one morning—according to the fishermen, mobula rays landed here

MAKING AN IMPACT

every day. We had never seen so many mobula rays in one place, dead or

In partnership with the Silver Crest Foundation and WildAid, Manta Ray

alive. Further investigation led us to the traders where we discovered a

of Hope connects directly to demand-side awareness and educational

row of sacks, each containing gill-rakers from about 100 manta and mobula

campaigns. This film is geared for audiences around the world and there

rays. On the roof, we were shown the gill-rakers from a recent catch of

are clear ways both western and eastern consumers can get involved.

hundreds of mobulas being dried prior to export. It was then that we also

Ultimately, the future of manta and mobula populations rests in the hands

learned that manta and mobula cartilage is used as filler in shark fin soup.

of consumers.

Demand for gill-rakers has now reached across all oceans, giving rise

Globally, mantas attract millions of dollars in eco-tourism and are

to unsustainable manta ray fisheries off the coasts of Mexico and the

among the top experiences divers are seeking. Eco-tourism generates

Philippines. In the face of pressure from fishermen, the governments of

revenue and fosters the attention necessary to increase public awareness

Mexico and the Philippines have lifted the bans that once made it illegal to

and influence governments to protect mantas. We estimate that mantas

capture and kill mantas.

contribute some $8.1 million U.S. dollars to the Maldives and $2.5 million

While the shark fin trade has become deeply entrenched, there may be time to head-off the gill-raker trade. With this realization, we have set out to tell this story before it is too late.

Our documentary, Manta Ray of Hope, takes viewers on a journey to

U.S. dollars to Hawaii annually through manta ray eco-tourism. And in both areas mantas are protected.

If there is no consumer demand for manta and mobula products, there will be no more fishing of these rays. Through education and awareness,

the most exotic places on earth to experience the magnificence of these

we hope to limit demand for gill-rakers and increase consumer knowledge

rays. Through the eyes of naturalists and researchers, we have begun to

about the use of manta and mobula by-products (meat, cartilage, skin). If

unravel the mysteries of the manta. We went deep undercover, from the

we can help consumers make the connection between the gill-rakers and

remote fishing villages to the bustling cities, to better understand and

these amazing creatures; if they understand the global impact consumption

expose the trade. And we challenged the medicinal health claims. Finally,

is having; and if they decide enough is enough; then perhaps there is truly a

we met those who are making a difference—from scientists, to politicians,

ray of hope for the future of manta and mobula rays.

to local businessmen—and learned how we all can make a difference.

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To learn more, visit www.mantarayofhope.com.

Above Left: Gill rakers from dozens of mobula rays dry on the roof of a Sri Lanka seafood trader. Photo by Paul Hilton Above Middle: Dead mobula rays pile up as butchers set to work cutting out their gill rakers. Photo by Shawn Heinrichs Right: A fisherman lifts the head of a large mobula ray, having just removed its valuable gill rakers. Photo by Shawn Heinrichs www.guyharveymagazine.com

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guy harvey LIFeSTyLe

paNaMa UpDaTe TEXT AND PHOTOS by GUy HARVEy

Jim and Connie Elek won the highest bid on an expedition to Tropic Star Lodge in Panama at the Guy Harvey Ocean Foundation auction last October at the IGFA headquarters in Ft. Lauderdale. We set the dates for the second week of August 2010, and I was going to fish with them for two of the six days of fishing. Both Jim and Connie are experienced boaters and have already collected some of my original art. I was looking forward to sharing a couple of days fishing with them in the best fishing spot in the western hemisphere.

Our trip to the lodge via Panama City was uneventful. There was some rain around, but it was summertime and to be expected. Also in our group was GHI staffer Jay Perez and his wife Dana, for whom this was her first visit to the lodge. The lodge was near full, doing some good business for this time of year, but then again the word was getting out about the good marlin fishing in August and September.

On our first morning, Sunday, August 15, I was on the Tropic Star with Captain Alberto and mate Donald, accompanied by the Eleks. It was pouring rain, the sea was very lumpy, and on the way out I wondered what the Eleks were thinking about during their first day of fishing at Pinas Bay. We trolled live bonitos hoping for a marlin bite, but went 0/4 on sailfish.

Connie Elek battles a 300-pound black marlin with husband

We were struggling, and the big dorados that ate our baits also got away.

Jim’s encouragement.

Jay and Dana who were fishing on South Africa with Captain Gilberto also drew a blank.

The second day was a lot better as the early morning clouds soon cleared for a beautiful sunrise as we ran offshore. Normally we would

jumps the fish went down sulking, recovering as Connie worked on her first marlin. It was a black marlin around 300 pounds.

The marlin came up again, tail and dorsal out, and suddenly took off,

stop by the Pinas reef to collect fresh bait, but bait had been scarce there

tail-walking as I nailed the shots. I had a PSAT (pop-up satellite archival

so Alberto opted to run out offshore. Near the 100-fathom line we found

tag) on board, so I asked the mate to go easy on the marlin on the leader

a big school of bonito and quickly loaded up the tuna tubes and put out a

as I wanted to control the marlin before deploying the tag. The marlin had

spread of three live bonito.

other ideas, as it started another round of incredible jumps. Connie was

It was just a minute after that Alberto called out, as the bonito on the

enjoying every second of this interaction, and was doing a great job on the

left rigger was inhaled by a hungry marlin. It was Connie’s turn and she

rod, bringing the marlin to the boat in 20 minutes. Donald was firm on the

jumped in the chair, came tight on the marlin and it took to the air right

leader and I planted the PSAT in the left shoulder, not as high as I would

away, jumping toward the boat several times. The fish grey-hounded across

have liked but solidly planted in the muscle. Off she went. We hugged and

the stern as I caught all the action on my Canon. After the first round of

high-fived on board. Jim and Connie were ecstatic. Soon after we put the

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Above: One of the many marlin caught on the Panama expedition. Below: Jim and Connie proudly show off a 40-plus-pounds dorado.

It was somewhat surreal to be fighting a huge black marlin in pouring rain in the morning and then be in a bustling city that afternoon. baits back out, Alberto spotted another black marlin feeding among the bonito, but we did not get a bite. We spent the rest of the day having fun with some 40-pound dorado, and a few sails that came and went. Eight marlin were caught by the lodge boats for the day, plus Jay nailed a 450pound blue marlin on the South Africa. Things were looking up.

Day three was looking bleak, with lots of rain early on. I had an afternoon flight into the city so I fished with Jay and Dana on the South Africa. We ran out to the same area on the 100-fathom line and found

close and one was right on us…wow! The rain cleared once and a big

bait right away. It was threatening heavy rain when Gilberto nearly fell off

marlin came jumping again, and I thought we would soon have this fish, but

the flying bridge in excitement as a big marlin pounced on the left rigger

it went down again and fought hard. It is not easy to catch a 500-pound

bonito. The bonito swerved, the marlin followed, head, shoulders, and

marlin on 50-pound line. After 150 minutes the fish broke off right near

tail out kicking up spray, and Dana was in the chair. I was shaking with

the boat. We ran in to the lodge as I had to skedaddle to Panama City that

excitement…what a bite! The marlin did nothing for a few minutes then

afternoon. It was somewhat surreal to be fighting a huge black marlin in

realized it was hooked, and started heading away and jumped across the

pouring rain in the morning and then be in a bustling city that afternoon.

stern, the bonito flying out of its mouth. It was a black – nice one, too!

My daughter Jessica flew in to Panama City that evening to meet

With the rain came lightning and Dana took it all in stride, mate

me and we were kindly hosted by the Sheraton Caesar Park Hotel. The

Vicente guiding the chair, rain gear on. The lightning crashed around us,

occasion, I forgot to mention, was a most important one for me and my

lighting up the gray sky with vivid streaks of pink. Several strikes were

family. I was being awarded the Vasco Nunez de Balboa Grand Cross, the www.guyharveymagazine.com

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symbol of the highest recognition from the Panamanian government. The morning after our arrival we were collected by Dr. Marcos Ostrander and his wife Irene and taken to the Ministry of Tourism. The Panamanian government put on a wonderful ceremony, with many people from the Ministry of Tourism and Protocol, as well as many from the press and tourism industry present. The Minister of Tourism, His Excellency the Honorable Saloman Shamah and his wife Rachel were on hand to give the address and present the award, the highest given to a non-Panamanian.

It was a huge honor. I must add the same honor was given to Ray Smith after he built Club de Pesca de Panama (now known as Tropic Star Lodge) in the early 1960s.

After the ceremony we headed back to the lodge, getting back in time for dinner to hear that the bite was good – Jay and Dana had converted a double-header blue marlin, and Jim Elek had got a 400-pound blue as well.

They were rocking!

Jessica came out with us on the Thursday and we managed to catch a nice sailfish for Jay, his first, and jumped off a couple more. It rained quite a bit, but there was plenty of bait so we persisted with the marlin fishing. Then we heard that three lodge boats were in a school of spotted dolphins and tuna about 11 miles away, so we cranked it up and headed over. Sure enough, near a couple of Panamanian longline vessels we could see the lodge boats all fighting fish. The birds were working, the dolphins splashed, and the bait was being corralled by predators near the surface.

We slowed down, Gilberto picked his spot and two big bonito baits went over. I was putting the line in the outrigger clip when an explosion engulfed the hapless bonito. It looked like a car had fallen in the water

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We headed in and weighed the tuna at 230 pounds, the heaviest caught this year at the Tropic Star. Big marlin, big sailfish, big dorado, big tuna…what more could you ask for on a fishing trip! where the bait just was. The line was ripped out of my hand, but Jessica was up and got tight on the fish. It took 90 minutes to catch, and during all that time schools of rainbow chub and mackerel scads hung beneath the shadow of the boat. Dolphins came and went and I was hoping they would not swim into Jessica’s line. She toughed it out, and Vicente wired the big tuna and I gaffed, but it took four of us to lift it into the boat. “Grande!” exclaimed Gilberto. Enough tuna for the whole village! We headed in and weighed the tuna at 230 pounds, the heaviest caught this year at the Tropic Star. Big marlin, big sailfish, big dorado, big tuna…what more could you ask for on a fishing trip!

Our last day, the rain cleared, and we had a sunny day…bang! The right rigger went down, and Jay hooked up to a blue marlin that moved so fast through the air I couldn’t keep up with my camera, and I failed to get a single jump shot. We backed down pretty hard after 10 minutes and while I was juggling Jay’s video and my Canon, Gilberto did one of his machine gun bursts of excited commentary. I was momentarily confused. We were backing down on a marlin and then another blue was right beside the boat trying to eat one of the live bonito in the water whose leader was wrapped on the cleat by the outrigger! Wow! How often does that happen? Where was my professional cameraman when I needed him? (By the way, the girls decided to stay on the beach so we were short-handed, and I was on photo duty.)

That’s a lot of sushi! Jessica Harvey, Guy’s daughter, with a 230-pound yellowfin tuna.

Vicente flipped the bait out away from the boat and the water lit up with iridescent blue as the marlin pounced on the bait. “Over to you

was presented with a collage of my photos of her black marlin jumping. It

Vicente…that is your fish!” I was hoping to get the jump shot. The blue

brought her close to tears.

exploded out behind the boat, going away in high leaps…double-header blue marlin…AGAIN! It was a great finale to a wonderful trip. Jim and Connie Elek fulfilled their angling dreams, with a black for Connie and a blue for each of them. Connie said

It had been the trip of a lifetime. That is the magic of Tropic Star Lodge, a Panama paradise.

The GHOF appreciates the very generous donation of a trip for two

by Tropic Star Lodge. Tight lines and good luck, Guy.

she would stand up and tell the audience at this year’s fundraiser all about her Tropic Star experience. And she did just that in October. In addition they are

The PSAT was provided to the staff and crews at Tropic Star Lodge under

returning with friends in early February 2011, which is the height of black marlin

the auspices of the Offield Family Foundation for Billfish Studies, with whom the

season. As is the tradition at the Tropic Star Lodge, Albert Battoo, dock master

GHOF collaborates and provides funding for these PSATs in order to learn more

and photographer at TSL, handed out the First Fish Award to Connie—she

about black marlin migrations in the Eastern Tropical Pacific. www.guyharveymagazine.com

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Researchers Dr. Dean Grubbs (Florida State University), Dr. Demian Chapman (Stony Brook University), and Lucy Howey (Microwave Telemetry) attach a PSAT to a bluntnose sixgill shark off Eleuthera, the Bahamas.

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by William beauregard roberts pHotos by laNCe JordaN

Did you know that bluefin tuna off the coast of North Carolina travel clear across the Atlantic to spawn in the Mediterranean? Or that a single great white has been found to migrate more than 6,000 miles? Such are the secrets being revealed by researchers who probe into the private habits of sharks, tuna, billfish, and other species. A wealth of discoveries involving fish movements, feeding patterns, and activity cycles have come in recent years thanks to a combination of Sherlock Holmes detective work and James Bond technology.

The real breakthrough has come with the development of sophisticated research tags. Tagging fish for research purposes has a long history and it’s been a common practice for more than 100 years. But it wasn’t until the 1980s and the advent of small data-logging devices capable of recording environmental factors such as water temperature, light levels, and pressure/depth readings that tagging technology took a huge leap forward. Early model data-logging tags were deployed in significant numbers to help gather information for managing commercially important fish stocks, such as bluefin tuna, but the challenge became getting the costly tags—and their data—back into the hands of researchers. The system was dependent on fishermen finding and returning tags that were recovered from landed fish.

With a recovery rate around five percent, this became expensive research.

The solution to data recovery came with the addition of satellite transmitters to the tags. By the 1990s the use of satellite transmitters to get data back to researchers was well established in other fields—such as tracking bird migrations—but using these devices in the marine environment was limited to species spending lots of time at the surface, such as turtles or basking sharks. It wasn’t until 1996 that all the elements were put together for the modern pop-up archival satellite transmitter (PSAT). This data-logging tag, typically 5 to 13 inches in length and weighing less than three ounces, employs a small wire attachment to a tether implanted in the fish. The wire can be set to corrode and break after a desired number of days, freeing the tag to float to the surface and transmit its data to satellites overhead.

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65

The biggest challenge researchers face is just getting back the data they want. In some cases, data return is impressive. Lucy Howey, the scientific liaison at Microwave Telemetry, saw a 90 percent recovery rate on one of her own research projects. While still a student at Nova Southeastern University, home of the Guy Harvey Research Institute, she deployed 30 PSAT tags as part of a blue shark study and received data from 27. In other studies, things don’t go as smoothly.

“It depends a lot on the species,” says Howey.

“It’s amazing how animals can find different ways to shed tags. If you’re dealing with larger pelagics like blue sharks or makos, the tags tend to stay The smallest PSAT available (X-Tag) is being attached (by Howey) to a gulper shark in the Exuma Sound.

on better. But if you’re dealing with reef sharks that are around overhangs or other structures, tags seem to come out more easily.”

This technology has opened up a whole

Melinda Holland, CEO of Wildlife Computers,

pressure readings) researchers can calculate

agrees. “The tags work, but the big challenge is

latest tags have impressive capabilities. PSAT

length of day, which corresponds closely with

to keep the tag on the animal long enough to

tags can be set to record data for up to a year

latitude and provides the basis for fixing an

get the information you need. If a researcher is

before releasing and floating on the surface,

animal’s location. In a study published in 2002,

dealing with a sensitive species and ends up with

where they’ll retain enough power to transmit

researchers used these methods to determine

a higher mortality rate, such as with billfish, that’s

their most crucial data for a month or more.

that great whites congregating around

a problem. Success is also dependent on the

If the tags are physically recovered at a later

California’s coastal islands do not stay along the

experience of the person attaching the tags,” says

date (which happens with surprising frequency)

Pacific coast all year as once thought. Instead,

Holland. “Predation is also an issue.”

all the recorded data can be downloaded.

some animals make the 2,400-mile trek to

Although other readings are possible,

Hawaii and visit extreme depths—below 2,000

hosts getting eaten by larger fish. Both tag

tags typically record three environmental

feet—in the process.

makers report that it’s not at all uncommon

parameters: temperature, pressure, and light.

As powerful and productive as PSAT tags

The detective work comes into play for

are for research, they do have limitations. One

researchers as they try to interpret the data

is cost. Data that is transmitted goes through

they get back.

ARGOS, a global satellite system originally

Piecing information together to determine

66

changes in light level (corrected for depth using

new world of research opportunities and the

deployed as a joint project of CNES (the

where a fish has been and what it’s been

French space agency), NASA, and NOAA to

doing is not unlike solving a crime. Pressure,

collect meteorological and oceanographic

temperature, and light readings are used

data. ARGOS satellites are used for all kinds

together in different ways to help reconstruct

of research, but data transmissions cost money

a fish’s behavior. Pressure readings can give

and researchers have to pay for use of the

details about time spent at depth, and thus

system. Then there’s the cost of the tags

show diving patterns. This corresponds to

themselves. Microwave Telemetry, a recognized

temperature readings that can be verified and

pioneer of PSAT technology sells tags for

combined with known water temperatures

$3,600 to $4,200 dollars. A competitor,

from weather satellites. Perhaps most

Wildlife Computers, lists similar tags from

fascinating are light level records. By examining

$3,500 to $3,950.

www.guyharveymagazine.com

By “predation” Holland means tags or their

to recover a PSAT with teeth marks in

“The tags work, but the big challenge is to keep the tag on the animal long enough to get the information you need.

If a researcher is dealing with a sensitive species and ends up with a higher mortality rate, such as with billfish, that’s a problem.”

it. But even when tags or their hosts are eaten by other fish, they can

only gets all the data if the tag is physically recovered and returned.

still reveal interesting behaviors. A researcher from the University of

But that, too, has its challenges.

Southern Mississippi deployed PSAT tags on six silky sharks in the Gulf of

Two years ago Amanda Higgs of the New York State Department of

Mexico. Two of the tags transmitted data earlier than expected and the

Environmental Conservation got a call from the deputy fire marshal of

information was unusual to say the least. Silky sharks normally remain

Ocean City, Maryland. One of her tags, deployed on an adult Atlantic

above 150 feet, but these tags spent days on end well below that depth.

sturgeon in the Hudson River Estuary, was found by a swimmer off the

Temperature readings for that time period were a constant 25°C and

beach of Ocean City. When the swimmer brought it to the attention of a

there were no light levels recorded. Combining all the evidence, it was

lifeguard, the bomb squad was called out to inspect a possible incendiary

obvious the tags had been transported in the stomachs of either shortfin

device. After some cautious investigation it was finally determined that

makos or white sharks. Given the rarity of white sharks in the Gulf, it’s

the strange military looking object was not a threat. Not only was the tag

pretty certain the silky sharks ended up on the dinner menu of larger

returned to Higgs but the data was recovered as well.

shortfin makos.

Such tales are a testament to the durability and versatility of the

Special thanks to Microwave Telemetry (www.microwavetelemetry. com), Wildlife Computers (wildlifecomputers.com), and the Guy Harvey

modern PSAT. The push for newer versions of tags continues to be

Research Institute for providing information for this article. GHM

making them smaller and more powerful. In fact, new tag designs by both

hopes that finding additional applications for PSAT tags will lead to

Microwave Telemetry and Wildlife Computers are less than five inches in

increased production and reduced costs, making them more accessible to

length, allowing researchers to practice their sleuthing on even smaller

researchers. To that end, every reader is asked to buy a PSAT tag, attach

species such as dogfish and salmon. Designers are also working on ways

it to an unsuspecting friend’s boat, and sleuth some new fishing holes.

to make data transfer more efficient. Tags can already store much more information than they can effectively transmit over the limited bandwidth of the ARGOS satellites. Some models currently record events up to once a minute but may only transmit data from a percentage of those readings. Other designs include processors that interpret the data using pre-programmed logarithms and then transmit the results. A researcher Researchers use a variety of attachment methods to ensure PSATs remain on the animals for the entire deployment duration. Dr. Dean Grubbs examines the attachment of a PSAT (X-Tag) before releasing a bluntnose sixgill shark.

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67

guar dians

of the

gu Lf a gHm staFF report

Do you ever wonder how we know if a fish stock is being depleted? Or if tuna or mahi mahi are safe to eat? We rely on the scientists. You know, the guys with In this issue, we highlighted the men of marine science who have accepted the task of evaluating the effects of the oil spill on the Gulf of Mexico. Each of them was awarded a grant from the Guy Harvey Ocean Foundation.

To say their credentials are impressive is quite an understatement. The good

vocabularies like a thesaurus (no, that’s not a type of dinosaur) and the occasionally odd facial hair. Our scientists, as well as many others, have a job to do – to battle the wind, waves, tight living quarters, and soggy sandwiches to gather information

news is that the future of the Gulf is in good hands!

that could save a species...ours.

www.guyharveymagazine.com

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Within a few days of the Deepwater Horizon spill, Guy Harvey designed special edition “Save Our Gulf ” T-shirts. His apparel partner,

Dr. R. Dean Grubbs

AFTCO, generously committed to

The Man: Assistant Scholar Scientist – Coastal and Marine

print 50,000 of the shirts. Amazingly, all

Laboratory, Florida State University Dr. Grubbs is a fish ecologist with particular interest in the biology of elasmobranch fishes (sharks, rays, etc.). He earned a PhD in Fisheries Science from the College of William & Mary under the guidance of Dr. Jack Musick. From 2001 to 2006, he was a post-doctoral and faculty researcher at the Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology. He currently serves as an assistant scholar scientist (research faculty) at Florida State University’s Coastal and Marine Laboratory. Much of Dr. Grubb’s research addresses specific biological questions relevant to the management of coastal and deepwater elasmobranch populations. This includes studies of trophic ecology, life histories, and reproductive biology.

The Mission: Assess the Relative Abundance, Distribution, and Community Structure of Sharks and Large Teleosts in the Northeastern Gulf of Mexico This project will focus on three tasks related to the oil spill. First, researchers from the FSUCML were conducting randomized surveys of the relative abundance of sharks and teleosts (fish other than sharks and rays) in the Big Bend region of Florida for three years prior to the oil spill. They will continue these surveys in spring 2011 to examine trends in abundance and distribution following the spill. The researchers also collected biopsy samples to aid in modeling the regional food web. They will continue to collect and will begin analyzing these samples to assess long-term effects of the oil spill such as changes in the food web. Bioassays will also be conducted to determine regional exposure of sharks and bony fishes to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), pollutants associated with oil.

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50,000 shirts sold in less than 60 days, generating $500,000 for the GHOF.

Dr. George H. Burgess

Dr. John H. Paul

the man: Director – Florida Program for Shark Research,

the man: Distinguished University Professor – Marine

University of Florida

Microbiology Laboratory, University of South Florida

Dr. George H. Burgess is coordinator of museum operations at the Florida

Dr. John H. Paul received his AB degree from Colgate University, a

Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, and director of the

PhD in marine science from the University of Miami in 1980, and was

Florida Program for Shark Research (FPSR). He also serves as curator of

a NRC post-doctoral fellow at the Naval Research Lab in Washington,

the International Shark Attack File, a scientific database that is recognized as

D.C. He joined the faculty of the Department of Marine Science of

the definitive source of information on shark attacks. Burgess maintains the

the University of South Florida in 1982. His research interests include

National Sawfish Encounter Database, a compendium of all known sawfish

marine microbiology with a focus on molecular ecology, environmental

encounters in U.S. waters. He is a founding member and a vice chairman

virology, and genomics. He has written over 140 refereed articles, 12

of the World Conservation Union’s (IUCN) Shark Specialist Group, the

chapters in books, and authored Marine Microbiology (Academic Press).

world’s leading shark conservation organization, and has served on the National Marine Fisheries Service’s Smalltooth Sawfish Status Review.

the mission: Assess the Toxicity and Mutagenicity of the Deepwater Horizon Contaminated Waters of the Gulf of

the mission: Study the Effects of Polycyclic Aromatic

Mexico

Hydrocarbons (PAH) on Trophic Ecology and Movements of

Although the surface waters of the northeastern Gulf of Mexico no

Juvenile Sharks in the Northeastern Gulf of Mexico

longer have visible oil slicks or tar balls resulting from the Deepwater

The basis of this study is to monitor levels of biomarkers in juvenile

Horizon oil spill, the residual “invisible” oil in the subsurface waters can

bonnethead and Atlantic sharpnose sharks in the Cedar Key region of the

still be toxic to marine life. The goal of this project is to determine the

northeastern Gulf of Mexico. Many species of shark are known to use shallow

general toxicity and genotoxicity (degree something damages or mutates

coastal bays as nursery areas, which may improve juvenile survival by either

DNA) of oil-contaminated waters in coastal and offshore environments

reducing predation rates, or by improved feeding opportunities. The oil spill

of the Gulf of Mexico. Commercial fish larvae from nearby spawning

likely will lead to elevated levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH)

grounds are particularly sensitive to DNA damaging petrochemicals that

in coastal areas of west Florida. These fish can show cumulative sub-lethal

can cause heritable changes in fishery brood stocks. Such information will

and lethal effects of oil contamination. This project will relate differences

be invaluable in determining the biological impact of the spill, the success

in movements and foraging ecology between bonnetheads and sharpnose

of remediation efforts, the potential danger to water recreation users, and

sharks to levels of PAH biomarkers in their tissues in order to evaluate how

potential impact on living marine resources in the Gulf of Mexico.

life history and behavior may influence susceptibility to oil contaminants. www.guyharveymagazine.com

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Dr. Robert E. Hueter

Dr. Mahmood Shivji

the man: Director – Center for Shark Research, Mote Marine Lab

the man: Professor, Director - Guy Harvey Research Institute

Dr. Hueter is senior scientist and director of the Center for Shark Research

(GHRI), Nova Southeastern University, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida

at Mote Marine Laboratory in Sarasota, Florida and has been studying sharks

Dr. Shivji is an internationally recognized authority on shark research, but if

for 37 years. He has published more than 150 scientific articles and reports

caught off guard – or plied with good red wine and dark chocolate – will admit

on sharks, and has edited four volumes on shark biology. His current research

to surreptitiously working on uncharismatic, tiny coral reef invertebrates

projects include field and laboratory studies of life history, behavior, ecology, and

also. Dr. Shivji’s research on the shark fin trade is currently on display at the

fisheries of sharks and rays in the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea, including

Smithsonian National Museum’s Ocean Hall in Washington, D.C., and the

in Mexico and Cuba. In 2001, Dr. Hueter was awarded Mote’s Perry W. Gilbert

GHRI’s research consistently receives coverage in the major media, including

Chair in Shark Research. In 2004 he was selected by Florida Trend magazine as

TIME, Newsweek, New York Times, BBC, and National Public Radio.

one of Florida’s most influential people, and in 2007 he was recognized with a Lifetime Achievement Award in Conservation by Sarasota County, Florida.

the mission: Worldwide Research Aimed at Providing Targeted Scientific Information Needed for the Conservation and

the mission: Study the Effects of the Oil Spill on Epipelagic & Large

Management of Sharks and Billfishes

Coastal Sharks & Bony Fishes of the Gulf of Mexico

This research program encompasses field and laboratory-based studies on

Even before the Deepwater Horizon incident, sharks of the Gulf of Mexico

the migration, reproduction, habitat requirements, genetic stock structure,

were in trouble because of overfishing. This project will assess some of the

and biodiversity of these overexploited marine top predators. Included in

impacts of the oil spill on the health of open-ocean and large coastal sharks and

this program is a study of the impacts of subsurface oil from the BP oil spill

other fishes, such as billfishes and tunas. In collaboration with other institutions,

on deep-sea sharks. As apex predators in the deep ocean, these sharks

Mote Marine Laboratory scientists are conducting four research cruises to

are ideally suited to serve as integrative models of the effects of oil as it

collect tissue samples from oceanic fishes in the vicinity of the surface oil and

descends into the depths of the Gulf of Mexico and works its way through

subsurface plumes, and in control areas far from the oil. The scientists are

the food chain. GHRI and its collaborators from Florida International

looking for certain species that may have been affected by the oil, especially in

University and NOAA will use a combination of state-of-the-art genetic

the DeSoto Canyon area – species such as tiger, silky, and mako sharks. The

and tracking technologies to provide basic information on deep-sea shark

Mote scientists also plan to attempt blood sampling from live whale sharks that

biology in the Gulf of Mexico, and a baseline data set for assessing long-term

live in the Gulf, the first time this has been attempted in the wild. This two-year

impacts of the spilled oil on the deep sea ecosystem.

research project will provide the basis for long-term monitoring of the oil spill’s effects on large oceanic fishes of the Gulf of Mexico.

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Dr. Jim Franks the man: Senior Research Scientist - Gulf Coast Research Laboratory, University of Southern Mississippi Dr. Franks is a 35-year veteran of fisheries research in the Gulf of Mexico and has conducted numerous research projects and published on a variety

In a testament to their fervent commitment to ocean

of topics during that time. His current research is focused on the biology and ecology of large pelagic fishes, including bluefin tuna, blue marlin, and sharks, as well as coastal species such as cobia, tripletail, and tarpon. Franks is the Gulf of Mexico recreational fisheries representative on the NOAA Fisheries’ MARFIN board, and he serves as an academic representative on

conservation, the Guy Harvey Ocean Foundation awarded

NOAA’s Highly Migratory Species Advisory Panel.

the mission: Studies of Atlantic Bluefin Tuna in the Eastern Gulf of Mexico Atlantic bluefin tuna stocks are severely overfished. Furthermore, there is

100 percent of the $500,000 generated from the “Save Our

great concern regarding impacts from the Deepwater Horizon oil spill to the western Atlantic stock, particularly young life stages and their habitats, during the bluefin spawning season in the spring of 2010. Using a novel approach that integrates the age of bluefin tuna larvae, modeled ocean currents, and archived satellite imagery, this project will retrospectively identify

Gulf ” T-shirt sales to these scientists to study the effects of

distinct bluefin tuna spawning areas in the eastern Gulf and estimate locations where bluefin larvae spawned during the spring of 2010 and if they may have encountered oil from the Deepwater Horizon Spill. Ocean current models

the spill in the Gulf of Mexico.

will also be used to reveal the geographical history of larvae as they passively drifted on currents. The researchers will also estimate locations of larvae encounters with oil-impacted surface waters using archived mapping and satellite imagery of surface oil locations.

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guy harvey research institute

VIRGIN SHARK BIRTH

By Daryl Carson

It’s been known for many years that sharks are not much for long-term relationships. For sharks, the driving force in finding a mate centers on the immediate task of producing offspring. Companionship, financial stability, social prominence, a lot of nice wedding gifts…these are all things sacrificed for the sake of expediency. Boy shark meets girl shark. Sharks do what sharks do. Baby sharks show up. Simple, right? Well, as research from Guy Harvey Research Institute (GHRI) has proven, it may be even simpler than that. Not only is it possible to skip the nuptials and cocktail weenies, some sharks are foregoing the mating process altogether. To date, researchers have confirmed three cases of virgin shark births in as many as three different shark species.

Details surrounding the first case were quite unexpected. The three young female sharks in question were well respected and, like most bonnetheads, recognized for their chaste behavior. And unlike others known to cruise in the free-wheeling seas, these sharks were living quietly in Omaha, Nebraska, under the close scrutiny of workers at the Henry

Baby bonnethead shark. Photo courtesy of Omaha’s Henry Doorly Zoo

Doorly Zoo. They were separated from male sharks of any variety for three years after their capture as juveniles in the Florida Keys (although

A phenomenon already documented in a

later testimony revealed one was spending a lot of time texting her friends back home). When a baby bonnethead pup showed up in the tank, workers were shocked.

Given tight security at the zoo, which precluded a possible midnight rendezvous with a suitable male, there were only two other reasonable

few reptiles, birds, and bony fishes, it was considered plausible in the mysterious bonnethead case.

explanations. One was that of long-term sperm storage. Although this had been known to occur in other cases (never in Nebraska), sperm

a nearly identical genetic structure to that of its mother with no sign of

stored from an earlier encounter with a male had only been known to last

male influence. Indeed that proved to be the case. Researchers discovered

around five months. Since this hypothesis was mostly ruled out, the next

that the cell which normally becomes the egg bonded a bit earlier in the

explanation was that of asexual reproduction. A phenomenon already

process with another female cell, known as a polar body, which contained

documented in a few reptiles, birds, and bony fishes, it was considered

identical genetic material. In other words, the female polar body cell acted

plausible in the mysterious bonnethead case.

as “sperm.” The phenomenon has occasionally been seen in other animals

To test the latter hypothesis, workers at the zoo took tissue samples of

that normally produce sexually, but some scientists think this asexual

the three young females and the pup. All were sent to the GHRI for genetic

process, called parthenogenesis, may be triggered in females when no mate

analysis. If asexual reproduction had taken place then the pup would have

is available.

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Photo by Fred Garth With the confirmation of virgin birth in the Nebraska bonnethead, researchers started looking for similar cases in other sharks. They didn’t have to look far. Actually, just to Detroit, where a spotted bamboo shark in

tissue samples from both the embryo and the mother confirmed that a virgin birth is the only realistic explanation.

“We’re working to understand what the significance of this virgin-birth

the Belle Isle Aquarium had been laying eggs at somewhat regular intervals

capability might be on wild fish populations,” says Dr. Mahmood Shivji,

for up to six years. Having hatched from an egg under the watchful eye of

GHRI’s director. “Although this way of reproducing might, at first blush,

a hobbyist and then later donated to the aquarium where there were never

seem to be a way to prolong survival of shark populations that are being

any suitable male sharks, it was well established that this lady bamboo never

depleted from overfishing, there is a heavy cost,” says Shivji. “The problem

had any opportunities for fraternization, much less fertilization. This meant

is a reduction in genetic diversity, which could leave affected sharks more

the eggs she was laying were unfertilized, so workers at the aquarium

prone to disease and other long-term sustainability issues.”

simply removed and discarded the eggs whenever they appeared. This

There’s also an anticipation that more virgin births will be documented

continued until the Nebraska bonnethead case came out. Then Belle Isle

in shark species now that researchers know what to look for. One

Aquarium’s curator of fishes organized an experiment and seven eggs from

intriguing question is whether virgin births ever take place in the wild. For

the little spotted bamboo female were recovered over a period of months

now no one knows. But the Midwest? That’s another story.

and then incubated. The result? Four new baby sharks. Genetic testing at the Chicago Field Museum and GHRI again verified the absence of any male genetic influence.

The verification of virgin birth in the spotted bamboo and bonnethead shark cases were similar in that they both involved small sharks (and were both suspiciously in the Midwest). However, GHRI and colleagues have also recently verified virgin birth in a much bigger, migratory species. The case involved a nine-year-old blacktip. Aquarium officials discovered a single, well-developed female embryo while performing an autopsy on the mother, which never recovered from a sedative given in order to perform a routine veterinary exam. Genetic evaluation of

“The problem is a reduction in genetic diversity, which could leave affected sharks more prone to disease and other long-term sustainability issues.” www.guyharveymagazine.com

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GUY HARVEY’s islAnd GRill

MEET THE CHEF

by KAT DEAN

First thing you’ll notice about Chef Bruno, in

to-casino – he persevered. Continuing to achieve

addition to being a born explorer, is he is a bona

his ambitions, and rising through the culinary

fide French chef. For this pedestrian, Southern-

ranks, he moved to London to work at the

bred gal, I could hardly contain my delight. In my

epitome of elegant dining at Harrods’ Georgian

world, I was speaking with Chef Hubert Keller

Restaurant. As with any true explorer (still not

himself, and in Chef Bruno I found the same

satisfied), he returned to the States with an

charm, humility, and self-effacing personality I

offer to work at Les Chefs de France, located at

admire from afar regarding Chef Keller.

Disney World’s Epcot Center, under the tutelage

Chef Bruno grew up in Condat-sur-Vienne in Central France and was greatly influenced by his grandmother, Jeanne, who perfected her dishes

of world-renowned French Chefs Paul Bocuse, Gaston Lenôtre, and Roger Verger.

After engaging the atmosphere at Les Chefs

for numerous family and guests using just a pot

de France, he moved on to the Cayman Islands

over a fireplace and fresh ingredients from the

and met his business partner Dennis Hunter, a

farm. I laughed when Chef Bruno mentioned that

neighbor of Dr. Guy Harvey. Through a casual

he has many state-of-the-art cooking apparatus

conservation with Dr. Harvey in regards to Chef

he’s collected over the years, yet he has no idea

Bruno’s opinion of what it would take to create

how to make them work. Translation – the art of

a restaurant, Guy Harvey’s Island Grill was born.

cooking is in the love.

Just like that. Can you believe it?

His chef diploma was garnered from a

Personally, I hesitate to call this a “grill,” as in

Chef Bruno Outside of the restaurant, Chef Bruno spends his Sundays off with his Bulgarian girlfriend Silviya

local catering school and he immediately found

the American sense of the word. Just a glance at

who always cooks for him, keeping his culinary

a position in a classic French restaurant as a

the menu speaks classic French dining at its best.

senses exploring with her Eastern European-based

dishwasher. The youthful “I’m going to conquer

You’ll find Seafood Cardinal, a shellfish-filled entrée

cuisine. And while spending time with his young

the world” attitude we all cherish plummeted.

served in a puff pastry with a touch of Newberg

son, Emanuel, the chef can’t help but ponder the

“Are you joking? This is boring.”

sauce. Then there is the bouillabaisse (don’t you

here and now, as well as an uncertain future. As

Not to be discouraged nor resigned to the

just love saying the word BUL-YA-BASE), and, of

he worries that precious food sources will be

back of kitchen, Chef Bruno, full of energy, charm,

course, the savory flavors of the ocean – snapper,

eliminated, he is truly thankful for Dr. Harvey’s

and ambition decided to explore the world,

mahi-mahi, diver scallops, Gulf shrimp, and mussels

research and education regarding sustainable

bartering his vocation to reside in locations that

in a saffron broth. Even the unpretentious Dover

ocean resources.

struck his fancy. First stop – New York City,

Sole is blessed with your choice of meuniere or

USA!! Counting himself lucky to work in a gas

almandine butter. This is not a grill menu – this is

Grill Chef Explorer do to capture the inherent

station, sandwich shop, or as a waiter in small

a tried and true, century-tested experience in fine

excitement of always moving forward to feel

establishments – even finding himself pushing the

dining…an experience that will leave you with the

freedom? He gallops to the shores of the Caymans

famous rolling chairs in Atlantic City from casino-

feeling of being oh-so international.

on his horse, Goliath.

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And finally, what else does Guy Harvey’s Island

Seafood “Vol au Vent“ 1 oz fish (snapper,

loBster sauce

mahi-mahi, or salmon)

4 tbsp butter

1 oz scallops

4 tbsp flour

1 oz shrimp

2 ½ cups onions/carrots/celery

1 oz of lobster meat

2 garlic gloves

Poach all seafood and keep on the side

5 oz tomato paste

Béarnaise sauce

6 oz white wine

1 tsp shallots 1 tsp tarragon 3 tsp white wine ½ cup butter, clarified

¼ liter of cream 3 oz brandy 2 tsp lobster base Pinch of cayenne pepper

2 egg yolks 2 tsp lemon juice Pinch of salt and cayenne pepper Combine ingredients for lobster sauce and béarnaise sauce. Stir together in a large sauce pan and cook over medium heat. Add seafood to sauce and stir, cooking until warm. Serve in a puff pastry.

Bouillabaisse 2 lb fish fillets

2 lbs shellfish (mussels,

½ cup olive oil

shrimp, fish fillets, scallops,

6 oz onion

clams, calamari, lobster meat,

6 oz leeks

crab claws)

5 oz fennel

2 bay leaves

2 garlic gloves

1 tsp thyme

½ cup canned tomatoes

¼ oz saffron

4 cups fish broth

Pinch salt and black pepper

1 cup white wine

Orange zest

Sauté onion, leeks, garlic, and fennel in olive oil. Add canned tomatoes, fish broth, bay leaves, thyme, orange zest, and white wine and bring to a boil. Add fish fillets and saffron and cook until fish is done (fish will be white and should flake off easily with a fork). Add the shellfish, cook until done and serve hot.

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77

last cast

“HOOKED” On bluEfisH I was a teenager before I learned that fish could be

spring. Whether we knew it or not, I guess we were

cooked any other way than fried. That’s because I grew

early conservationists. Not because we had any kind

up in the Deep South on fried bluefish and Spanish

of notion of saving the world, but because it helped us

mackerel with a giant plate of hushpuppies on the

get by.

side. As I get older I’m hoping maybe all the Omega-3

One particular day when I was about 13, the

fish oils I consumed counterbalanced the Crisco we

bluefish were so thick we were catching them six at a

cooked with.

time (three poles with double lures). We were using

Most of the bluefish and Spanish mackerel I ate,

the only lures we ever used, red-beaded spoons and

I also caught fishing with my family. Like many of

red and white or yellow dusters. And the blues took

us, I learned the art of fishing from my dad. Of

the bait with a vengeance. Soon enough we had so

course, to him, it was less about art and all about

many fish in the cooler the top wouldn’t close. But

hunting. I think he enjoyed the sport of it but, first

our fish-to-gasoline cost ratio was not maximized

and foremost, he was after the meat. With seven

because the fish were still biting. My dad had a saying,

Fred Garth

kids to feed and a few friends and cousins hanging

“You can’t catch a fish without a line in the water. ”

For the past 25 years, Fred D.

around, the concept of catch and release was not

Even as my brother and I yanked the fish off our lures

Garth’s articles have appeared in

something my father would have understood, much

as fast as we could he’d say it, just so we would move

numerous books, magazines, and

less embraced. Sure, fishing was an adventure, but

a little faster.

newspapers around the world.

with one result—groceries. I remember filling the

His most recent novel, A Good

cooler with forty or fifty fish. And that made my dad

sometimes feed on sandbars where waves crest and

Day to Live is available online

a happy man because he could mentally calculate the

break with fury and enough energy to flip a small boat.

and in select bookstores.

price of a fish, minus the cost of gasoline, lost lures,

With the stub of his cigar clamped between his teeth and

(www. agooddaytolive. com)

fishing line, and propane to cook it, and figure how

his round-brimmed hat slightly askew, my dad kept a close

much money he was saving at the Winn Dixie.

vigil on the wave action. We trusted his judgment even

The danger with bluefish, of course, is that they

I chopped off more blues and Spanish heads and cleaned more fish guts than I can possibly ever remember. Then we stuffed all that blood and gore into two crab traps for more groceries. We were recycling before the word was even invented. We lived too far from town for garbage service so we buried our food scraps in a big pit we dug in the back yard. It was nasty. Now it’s composting. A side benefit was the watermelons that popped up every

80

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I was a teenager before I learned that fish could be cooked any other way than fried.

though his head was constantly swiveling around looking for more fish, kind of like that freaky girl in the Exorcist.

As we fished, a small breaker spilled over the bow and dumped a few inches of cool Gulf water into the boat. Instead of giving the order to bail as we fully expected, my dad had an epiphany. “Just pull the fish off the hook and throw them into the bottom of the boat,” he instructed.

And so we did. Before we knew it we’d created a bluefish aquarium and they darted around desperately trying to find a way back home. We probably had seventy fish in the boat—fifty or so in the cooler and twenty swimming around our ankles. The cost per fish was plummeting.

If you’ve never examined the teeth of a bluefish, they’re something akin to a piranha’s second cousin and their jaws can crush bones. As my tighter-than-two-coats-of-paint dad steered into the breakers for more meat, a two-pound bluefish eyeballed the pink fleshiness of his bare foot.

Ironically or prophetically, at that very moment, several large waves—most likely from a passing charter boat—were swelling up onto the sandbar only a few yards from our 16-foot fishing skiff. At first I heard my dad squeal like a teenage girl followed by a string of expletives I’ll never forget. Yes, I learned a few choice words that day. Then he danced a funky jig with a large bluefish hanging on to his pinky toe. Distracted by the sudden pain and gush of red blood flowing from his foot, my dad neglected to turn

Bluefish teeth are razor-blade sharp.

the bow completely perpendicular to the wave, as all boaters know is the best way to avoid the dreaded capsize. As the first wave hit us, the bow rose off kilter until the boat was almost vertical. I slid all the way to the stern as the aquarium of water and blues gushed over the transom.

The Evinrude gurgled but somehow didn’t die, allowing Captain Dad to gas the engine and save us from flipping over backwards. We plowed ahead into the three consecutive waves and took on so much water that we almost swamped the boat.

When it was over we had three inches of gunnel still showing and life jackets and seat cushions floating around us. The cooler had been washed overboard along with all the other fish. Somehow, the butt of that cigar was still lodged in my dad’s teeth, but his hat had gone to Davy Jones himself.

Weaker men would have bailed the water from the boat, wrapped a fish rag around their jagged little toe, and called it a day. But my dad was no such man. His mind was still back home where hungry mouths awaited their fried reward. After a few minutes of collecting ourselves and the tangle mess of gear, he removed the stub of cigar and looked at us. “You can’t catch a fish without a line in the water,” he said.

Everyone ate well that day.

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Fred Garth recently tagged onto a blue in the uncommonly-still waters of the Gulf.

By

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