WELCOME TO THE SESSION ON MIS CH-5: MANAGING DATA RESOURCES
Dr. Engr. Jnan Ranjan Sil, PHF BSc.Engg(civil), MBA(HRM), Doctor of Business Administration, PhD in Civil Engg.
MANAGING DATA RESOURCES • As a manager, you will want to know – • How to organize your company’s data so that they can easily accessed and utilized. • How does a database management system help business improve the organization of their information? • What are the managerial and organizational requirements of a database environment? • What new tools and technologies can make database more accessible and useful?
DATA HIERARCHY: Data and information are stored in computer files for processing, retrieval and dissemination. • The data hierarchy : The data stored in a database is organized in a hierarchy – data bases, files, records, fields, bytes, and bits. • A computer system organizes data in a hierarchy that starts with the bit, which represents either a 0 or 1. Bits can be grouped to form a byte to represent one character, number, or symbol. • Bytes can be grouped to form a field, and related fields can be grouped to form a record. Related records can be collected to form a file, and related files can be organized into a database.
DATA HIERARCHY: Hierarchy
Database
Example, Student Database Course file Financial file Personal History file
File
Name A Aziz N Alom R Amin
Course file course date ACAD 11/10 ACAD 11/10 ACAD 11/10
Grade B+ A C
Record
Name A Aziz
course ACAD
Grade B+
Field Byte Bit
Date 11/10
A Aziz (Name field) O 1 0 0 1 0 1 0( Letter A 0
Q. What are problems with the traditional file management? • Traditional file processing : The use of a traditional approach to file processing encourages each functional area in a corporation to develop specialized applications. Each application requires a unique data file that is likely to be a subset of the master file. These subsets of the master file lead to data redundancy, processing inflexibility, and wasted storage resources. • The resulting problems are data redundancy, program data dependence, inflexibility, poor data security, and inability to share data among applications.
The database approach to data management: • Database technology can cut through many of the problems a traditional file organization creates. A database is a collection of data organized to serve many applications efficiently by centralizing the data and minimizing redundant data. • Database: A collection of data organized to service many applications at the same time by storing and managing data so that they appear to be in one location. • Database management system: A DBMS is simply the software to create and maintain a database and enable individual business applications to extract the data they need without having to create separate files or data definitions in their computer programs.
• Data redundancy: Data redundancy is the presence of duplicate data in multiple data files. Data redundancy occurs when different divisions, functional areas, and groups in an organization independently collect the same piece of information. • TYPES OF DATABASES: 1. Relational DBMS 2. Hierarchical DBMS 3. Network DBMS, and 4. Object-oriented DBMS
Management requirements for database systems: • Much more is required for the development of database systems than simply selecting a logical database model. • The Database is an organizational discipline, a method, rather than a tool or technology. It requires organizational and conceptual chance. Without management support and understanding, database efforts fail. • The critical elements in a database environment are 1. Data administration 2. Data planning and modeling methodology 3. Database technology and management, and 4. Users.
Data warehouse and data mining: • A Data warehouse is a database that stores current and historical data of potential interest to managers throughout the company. • Data mining is analysis of large pools of data to find patterns and rules that can be used to guide decision making and predict future behavior. • Data mart: A small data warehouse containing only a portion of the organization’s data for a specialized function or population of users.
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