THE MATINALE
A CONSERVATION HYPOTHESIS
VI
THANKS I want to thank my tutor, prof. Luigi Guerriero and his staff, for patiently assisting me and JLYLQJ PH WKH RSSRUWXQLW\ WR GR D VLJQLÀFDQW DQG VDWLVI\LQJ VWXG\ H[SHULHQFH SXWWLQJ P\VHOI LQ WKH FRQGLWLRQ WR PDNH DQ LQWHUHVWLQJ DQG LQYROYLQJ WKHVLV , WKDQN P\ FR WXWRU SURI 0DUFHOOR 5RWLOL ZKR KDG WR LQWURGXFH PH WR KLV VXEMHFW LQ D VKRUW WLPH DOZD\V FOHDUO\ DQG ZLWK HQWKXVLDVP , WKDQN SURI 6DOYDWRUH %DUED DQG KLV VWDII RI WKH 8QLYHUVLWj GL 6DOHUQR ZKR JDYH PH WKH FKDQFH WR OHDUQ DQG WR XVH WRROV IRU WKH DUFKLWHFWXUDO VXUYH\ VXFK DV WKH ODVHU VFDQQHU PDNLQJ WKH VXUYH\ SKDVH RI WKH FDVWOH VLPSOH FRPSOHWH DQG LQWHUHVWLQJ I want to thank my family for always made me feel their support during this intensive period, and for patiently putting up with me in times of stress. 7KDQNV DOVR WR P\ FODVVPDWHV DQG VWXGHQWV ZKR KDYH PDWHULDOO\ KHOSHG PH LQ WKH SURGXFWLRQ of thesis, and for have softened the long and often grueling days at university. , WKDQN P\ ROG IULHQGV ZKLFK LQ VRPH FDVHV HYHQ WKH GLVWDQFH KDVQ·W PDGH PH IHHO WKHP DZD\ IRU DOZD\V LQWHUHVWLQJ DERXW PH DQG IRU PDGH PH VSHQG SOHDVDQW PRPHQWV VRPHWLPHV even against my will. )LQDOO\ L GHGLFDWH D WKDQNV WR P\VHOI IRU KDYLQJ EHHQ GHWHUPLQHG XQWLO WKH HQG DQG IRU NHHSLQJ WKH SURPLVH WKDW L PDGH P\VHOI ÀYH \HDUV DJR
VII
INTRODUCTION
9
1 | CHAPTER ONE: CONSTRUCTION EVENTS )HXGDO VXFFHVVLRQV KLVWRULFDO SURÀOH 2 | CHAPTER TWO: SURVEY 2.1 Metric and architectonic survey: laser-scanner 2.2 Stratigraphic analysis 2.2.1 Methods and techniques of materic survey 2.2.2 Results 2.2.3 Table of analysis
17 21 24 26 30
3 | CHAPTER THREE: DESIGN 3.1 Re-functionalization: methodological issues 3.2 Operational guidelines, particular solutions
33 36
DOCUMENTARY APPENDIX Doc. 1 Doc. 2 Doc. 3 Doc. 4
41 42 44 46 48
LITERATURE
50
MATERIC SURVEY TABLE
53
VIII
INTRODUCTION 7KLV WKHVLV DLPV DV ÀQDO JRDO WR SURGXFH D K\SRWKHVLV RI DUFKLWHFWXUDO UHVWRUDWLRQ DQG UH IXQFWLRQDOL]DWLRQ RI WKH FDVWOH RI 0DWLQDOH LQ 6DQ )HOLFH D &DQFHOOR &( OHDGLQJ LQ WKH ÀUVW LQVWDQFH D VWXG\ RQ WKH FRQVWUXFWLRQ SKDVHV RI WKH DUWHIDFW WKURXJK OLWHUDWXUH UHVHDUFK DUFKLWHFWXUDO DQG PDWHULDO VXUYH\V WKDW KLJKOLJKW FRQVWUXFWLRQ WHFKQLTXHV DQG VWUDWLJUDSKLF XQLWV $OO RI WKLV LQIRUPDWLRQ KDV DOORZHG WKH GHÀQLWLRQ RI D SUHFLVH KLVWRULFDO SURÀOH ZKLFK KHOSHG WR LGHQWLI\ the reality of the matter that makes up the FDVWOH DQG WR EHWWHU WDUJHW WKH FRQVHUYDWLRQ SURMHFW 7KH SKDVH RI VXUYH\ KDV EHHQ PDGH E\ ODVHU LQVWUXPHQWV ZKLFK KDYH DOORZHG WR GHWHFW WKH FRPSOH[ VWUXFWXUH LQ LWV entirety, with a minimum margin of error. 7KHQ FURVVLQJ WKLV LQIRUPDWLRQ ZLWK WKH SKRWRJUDSKLF VXUYH\ KDV PDGH SRVVLEOH WR SURGXFH D VLJQLÀFDQW PDWHULDO DQDO\VLV of the front of the residential wing of the FDVWOH LQ RUGHU WR KLJKOLJKW WKH FRQVWUXFWLRQ WHFKQLTXHV DQG WKH WUDFHV RI WKH YDULRXV LQWHUYHQWLRQV WKDW KDYH RFFXUUHG RYHU WLPH 7KLV PDWHULDO KDV DOORZHG WKH VWUDWLJUDSKLF
DQDO\VLV RI WKH IDFDGH LGHQWLI\LQJ WKH SKDVHV RI FRQVWUXFWLRQ DQG OD\HUV ZKLFK LQ VWXG\ FRPSOHWHG VKRZHG WKDW WKH FRQVWUXFWLRQ SKDVHV ZHUH DFWXDOO\ WKUHH WKH ÀUVW 6ZDELDQ SKDVH FD WKH VHFRQG 6ZDELDQ SKDVH D IHZ GHFDGHV ODWHU WKH HLJKWHHQWK FHQWXU\ SKDVH RI DGDSWDWLRQ WR UHVLGHQFH ;9,,, FHQW &RPSOHWHG WKH VWUDWLJUDSKLF study, we moved on to the design phase. 7KH LGHD RI UH IXQFWLRQDOL]DWLRQ LV WR HQWHU D UHVWDXUDQW ZLWK W\SLFDO FXLVLQH RI WKH SODFH HVSHFLDOO\ ZLWK WKH WDVWLQJ RI ORFDO ROLYH RLOV $OO WKH GLQLQJ IXQFWLRQ GHYHORSV LQ WKH RQO\ VXUYLYLQJ ZLQJ RI WKH FDVWOH 7KH LQWHUYHQWLRQ WKHQ MXVW PDNH VXLWDEOH VSDFHV WR DFFRPRGDWH WKH QHZ IXQFWLRQV DQG WKH DGGLWLRQ RI QHZ IDFLOLWLHV LV OLPLWHG WR FRQQHFWLRQ V\VWHPV ZKLFK DQ\ZD\ LQFRUSRUDWH DQG LQWHJUDWH WKH RULJLQDO FRQQHFWLRQV VWLOO H[LVW WRGD\ LQ SDUW DQG WKH volumes into the restaurant hall that host the toilets. 7KH SURMHFW K\SRWKHVLV KDV EHHQ SUHSDUHG LQ YLHZ RI LQWHJUDWHG FRQVHUYDWLRQ
IX
1 CHAPTER ONE: CONSTRUCTION EVENTS )HXGDO VXFFHVVLRQV KLVWRULFDO SURÀOH
LWV QDPH WKH UHIHUHQFH FHQWHU DQG IHXGDO lords.
7KHUH LV QR UHOLDEOH GDWD RQ WKH IRXQGDWLRQ RI WKH FDVWOH WKH ELEOLRJUDSKLFDO ,Q VKRUW WKH KLOO RQ ZKLFK VWDQGV WKH VRXUFHV PHQWLRQ PDQ\ QDPHV LQ WKLV UHJDUG manor, was part of the land of Suessola , Before addressing the issue of the XQWLO D & ZKHQ GXULQJ WKH EDWWOH FRQVWUXFWLRQ SKDVHV RI WKH FDVWOH LW LV JRRG 1 Lettieri Nicolò, Istoria dell’antichissima città di WR FODULI\ LGHDV DERXW WKH ÀHI RI UHIHUHQFH Suessola e del vecchio e nuovo castello di Arienzo, ZKLFK RYHU WKH FHQWXULHV KDV DOZD\V FKDQJHG Napoli, 1772, p. 53 XI
In previous pages: inside the castle’s wing of south-west. Following: castle’s position on the Cancello hill.
of three tabernae6 only in the hamlet of &DQFHOOR DQG WKHUHIRUH DQ LPSRUWDQW VWUDWHJLF SRLQW WR NHHS XQGHU FRQWURO There are reports of a settlement on the KLOO RI &DQFHOOR IURP E & GXULQJ WKH positioning of the roman pretor &ODXGLR 0DUFHOOR KRXVLQJ VLQFH WKH KLOO ZDV FDOOHG Castra Cancelli or Claudiana Castra7. One RI WKH GHULYDWLRQV RI WKH QDPH RI &DQFHOOR LV IRXQG LQ WKH QDPH RI &DOXGLR 0DUFHOOR housing on the hill, castra marcelli.8 7KH IRXQGDWLRQ RI WKH PHGLHYDO 0DWLQDOH FDVWOH GDWHV EDFN WR E\ WKH ORPEDUG 5XGRYDFR EHORQJLQJ WR WKH VWUDLQ RI WKH Benevento duke, who donated it to the FRXQW RI $FHUUD &XOOH]LR :LWK WKH DGYHQW RI WKH 1RUPDQV WKH FDVWOH ZDV UHEXLOW E\ 5DPSHUWR )URP WKH ;,,, FHQWXU\ RQZDUGV WKH VRXUFHV DUH PRUH UHOLDEOH DQG LW LV VXUH WKDW WKH 0DWLQDOH FDVWOH ZDV UHEXLOW LQ WKH 6ZDELDQ SHULRG 7KH 0DWLQDOH LV HIIHFWLYHO\ PHQWLRQHG LQ DQ DQJHYLQ GRFXPHQW ZKLFK UHODWHV WKH EXLOGLQJ WR WKH FRXQW RI $FHUUD 7KRPDV ,, $TXLQDV 7KRPDV ,, $TXLQDV The manor is situated on the hill of ZDV WKH VRQ RI $GHQROIR ,,, $TXLQDV LQ WXUQ &DQFHOOR WKH ODWHVW RIIVKRRW RI WKH )HOOLQR VRQ RI 7KRPDV , $TXLQDV WKH ÀUVW FRXQW RI PRXQWDLQ UDQJH ZKLFK RYHUORRNV DQ $FHUUD ([HFXWLRQHU RI 7HUUD GL /DYRUR DQG LPSRUWDQW URDG MXQFWLRQ WKH RQH IRUPHG &DSWDLQ *HQHUDO RI WKH .LQJGRP RI 6LFLOLD from the suessolana VWUHHW ZKLFK FRQQHFWHG WKH DQFLHQW 6XHVVROD ZLWK $ULHQ]R DQG WKH 6 App., Doc. 1 Capua-Regium $Q LPSRUWDQW DQG OXFUDWLYH WUDGH URXWH DV HYLGHQFHG E\ WKH SUHVHQFH 7 Lettieri Nicolò, Istoria dell’antichissima città di against WKH /RPEDUGV 6DUDFHQV EXUQHG WKH FLW\ 7KH ÀHI DV WKH ZKROH VRXWKHUQ ,WDO\ ZDV DEVRUEHG E\ WKH 1RUPDQV LQ WKH ;, FHQWXU\ )URP WKH ;,, FHQWXU\ WKH &DQFHOOR KLOO EHFRPHV SDUW RI WKH $ULHQ]R ÀHI SUREDEO\ IRXQGHG E\ WKH GHVFHQGDQWV RI WKH GHVWUR\HG 6XHVVROD·V3 survivors. 7KH KDPOHW RI &DQFHOOR EURNH DZD\ IURP $ULHQ]R LQ DQG LQ WKH WRJHWKHU ZLWK RWKHU KDPOHWV GHWDFKHG IURP WKH ÀHI FRQVWLWXWLQJ WKH ´VL[ KDPOHWV RI $ULHQ]Rµ ZKLFK EHFDPH 6DQ )HOLFH LQ WKH QDPH ZDV ODWHU FKDQJHG LQ 6DQ )HOLFH D &DQFHOOR LQ 'XULQJ WKH )DVFLVW SHULRG WKH KDPOHW RI &DQFHOOR ZKLFK ZDV SDUW RI WKH PXQLFLSDOLW\ RI 6DQ )HOLFH D &DQFHOOR ZDV PHUJHG DJDLQ WR $ULHQ]R WKXV EHFRPLQJ WRZQ RI $ULHQ]R 6DQ )HOLFH HQWHULQJ WKH SURYLQFH RI 1DSROL DIWHU 6DQ )HOLFH D &DQFHOOR UHWXUQHG WR EHLQJ D VHSDUDWH PXQLFLSDOLW\ IDOOLQJ ZLWKLQ WKH SURYLQFH RI &DVHUWD 5
Suessola e del vecchio e nuovo castello di Arienzo, Napoli, 1772, p. 54
2 op. cit., p. 228 3 Giustiniani Lorenzo, ϔ ragionato del Regno di Napoli, Napoli, 1797, Vol. II, items: Arienzo; Cancello
8 op. cit., p. 57
4 Institutional website of the city of San Felice a Cancello
9 Galdi Guido, Il castello del Matinale, in “Marigliano antologica”, a cura di Aliperti F., Marigliano, 2007, p. 181; Salvino Bruno, Villucci Antonio Marcello, Castelli in Terra di Lavoro, Napoli, 1970, p. 201
5 ibidem
10 ibidem
12
1 | CONSTRUCTION_EVENTS
XQGHU )UHGHULN ,, RI 6ZDELD The Staufen ZDQWHG WR H[SUHVV JUDWLWXGH WR WKH GLQDVW\ RI $TXLQDV VSHFLÀFDOO\ WR 7KRPDV ,, $TXLQDV WKHUHIRUH DSSRLQWHG 7KRPDV ,, FRXQW RI $FHUUD LQ VKRUWO\ DIWHU WKH GHDWK RI KLV grandfather, Thomas I, who had previously EHHQ DSSRLQWHG YLFDU RI WKH (PSHURU LQ WKH Holy Land EXW EHIRUH KH JLYH KLP VXFK DQ DSSRLQWPHQW )UHGHULFN JDYH KLP KLV QDWXUDO GDXJKWHU 0DUJDUHW LQ PDUULDJH EHIRUH 6HSWHPEHU . 7KH FDVWOH LQ KLV FXUUHQW VWUFWXUH LV RI 6ZDELDQ IRXQGDWLRQ DQG SUREDEO\ IDOOV ZLWKLQ WKH PRGHUQL]DWLRQ SURJUDP RI WKH GHIHQVLYH OLQHV RI WKH UHLJQ RI )UHGHULFN ,, 7KH HPSHURU LQGHHG GHYRWHG PXFK DWWHQWLRQ WR WKH FRQVWUXFWLRQ DQG UHQRYDWLRQ RI WKH FDVWOHV LQ VRXWKHUQ ,WDO\ DV FDQ EH seen from the “statutum de reparatione castrorum”14, ZKLFK LGHQWLÀHG WKH 11 App., Doc. 2 12 In the angevin document mentioned earlier (App., Doc. 1), where it refers to the name of Thomas as builder of the castle, the phrase is “ ǡ ǡ ϔ quondam Thomasium comitem Acerrarum”. It isn’t made no reference as to which Thomas is, buti t is determined as Thomas I, the vicar of Frederick in Syria, was sent by the emperor to the Holy Land in 1242, and was there in 1248, three years before his death. The Matinale was almost certainly built the year of the marriage of Thomas II and Margaret, around 1247. 13 Scandone Francesco, Margherita di Svevia, ϔ ǡ ǡ in “Archivio Storico delle Province Napoletane”, XXXI, Napoli, 1906, p. 303 14 The statute was written between 1230-1231, it entered to regime at least a decade later, and it was part of a larger legislative program that culminate ϐ Ǥ
FRPPXQLW\ DQG WKH SHRSOH ZKR KDG WR GHDO ZLWK WKH UHSDLU RI WKH FDVWOHV WKDW GRQ·W IHOO LQWR WKRVH FRQWUROOHG E\ WKH &XULD castra exempta); WKH 0DWLQDOH GRHVQ·W DSSHDU LQ WKH list drawn up in the statutum. 7KH 0DWLQDOH ZDV SDUW RI WKH GLVWULFW RI Terra Laboris, and IRU WKLV GLVWULFW ZHUH provisores Guglielmus ÀOLXV /DXUHQWLL GH 6XHVVD appointed 2FWREHU LQ WKH DQJHYLQ SHULRG 6\PRQ GH %RQLV DSSRLQWHG RQ $SULO DQG Petrus Corberius, appointed 6HSWHPEHU . The provisores then WRRN FDUH RI WKH DSSRLQWPHQW RI WKH ORUGV RI WKH FDVWOHV WKH VXSSO\ RI FDVWOHV WKHLU PDLQWHQDQFH VXSSRUW VWDII FDUH WR WKH ODQGV DQG DGMDFHQW VWUXFWXUHV RI WKH EXLOGLQJ IRU WKH PDLQWHQDQFH RI WKH SHUVRQQHO DQG FDUU\ RXW LQVSHFWLRQV WR FKHFN WKDW WKHUH ZDV QR DEXVH 7KH 0DWLQDOH UHPDLQV LQ the possession of Thomas II even after the HPSHURU·V GHDWK ZKLFK RFFXUUHG LQ DQG WR WKH GHDWK RI WKH FRXQW RI $FHUUD LQ DOO WKH ÀHIV DQG WKH ULJKW WR FROOHFW the ius plateae, JR WR WKH ZLGRZ 0DUJDUHW 7KH FDVWOH UHPDLQHG LQ WKH SRVVHVVLRQ RI 0DUJDUHW XQWLO KLV GHDWK ZKLFK RFFXUUHG EHWZHHQ DQG ,Q 0DQIUHG ǡ ϐ provisor castrorum, a person that had to take care of the administration of the castles of their respective district and perform ongoing inspections. (Sthamer Eduard, Die Verwaltung der Kastelle im Königreich ǡ Max Niemeyer Verlag, 1997ǡ Ǥ ʹͶǦͶͷǢ ǡ Acta imperii, I, pp. 768-784; Houben Hubert, Mezzogiorno normanno-svevo: Monasteri e castelli ebrei e musulmani, pp. 83-122) 15 Houben Hubert, op. cit., pp. 83-122 16 ibidem 17 Scandone Francesco, op. cit., p. 318
1 | CONSTRUCTION_EVENTS
13
WR HVFDSH WKH HQHPLHV WKDW KH KDG SURFXUHG DIWHU EHLQJ ZURQJO\ DFFXVHG RI WKH NLOOLQJ RI %RUUHOOR G·$QJORQD ZKLFK WRRO SODFH 2FWREHU WDNHV UHIXJH LQ WKH 0DWLQDOH DW WKH VLVWHU 0DUJDUHW ; WKH FDVWOH VWLOO DSSHDUV ZKHQ LW VD\V WKDW WKH GDXJKWHU RI 0DUJDUHW *XELWRVD G·$TXLQR " ² LQ 0D\ UHWXUQV WR WKH 0DWLQDOH WR OLYH ZLWK KHU PRWKHU . $V SUHYLRXVO\ PHQWLRQHG WKH KXVEDQG RI 0DUJDUHW 7KRPDV ,, $TXLQDV GLHG LQ DQG DIWHU WKLV HYHQW WKH ZLIH GHFLGHG to donate half of the ius plateae to her son $GHQROIR ,9 WKLV VWLOO VKRZV KRZ WKH ÀHI PDGH LQ WHUPV RI FROOHFWLRQ RI WD[HV EXW WZHQW\ \HDUV ODWHU $GHQROIR ZDV DFFXVHG RI VRGRP\ VHQWHQFHG WR GHDWK DQG EXUQHG DOLYH LQ 1RYHPEHU $OO JRRGV RI $GHQROIR SDVVHG WR WKH IRXUWK VRQ RI WKH .LQJ 3KLOLSSH RI $QMRX ² SULQFH RI 7DUDQWR . 2Q 'HFHPEHU WKH SULQFH RI 7DUDQWR WUDQVIHUUHG WKH FDVWOH RI 0DWLQDOH WR -DFRSR *LDFRPR %LDQFKL ² VRQ RI *XJOLHOPR %LDQFKL MXGJH RI 3DUPD DQG QHSKHZ RI FDUGLQDO *HUDUGR %LDQFKL ² ELVKRS RI 6DQWD 6DELQD E\ WKLV WLPH WKH FDVWOH LV 18 op. cit., p. 311 19 op. cit., p. 317
7KH 0DWLQDOH ZDV DJDLQ LQYROYHG LQ ZKHQ 3LHWUR 2ULJOLD FRXQW RI $FHUUD ZDV VHQW E\ /DGLVODR ZLWK KRUVHSRZHU DQG DUFKHUV DQG SUHVLGH RYHU WKH SDVV RI &DQFHOOR DJDLQVW WKH DUPLHV RI /RXLV ,, RI $QMRX ,Q 3RSH (XJHQH ,9 ² LQ DLG RI ,VDEHOOD RI /RUUDLQH ZLIH RI 5HQH RI $QMRX .LQJ RI 1DSROL DJDLQVW $OIRQVR 9 RI $UDJRQ VHQW WKH DOH[DQGULDQ SDWULDUFK *LRYDQQL 9LWHOOHVFKL GD &RUQHWR 1289, and during the imprisonment of Charles II in Spain, served as tutor to Charles Martel, the eldest son of the King, and later to the prince of Taranto, Philip. (Dott. P. Silanos, Gerardo Bianchi da Ǥ ϔ , Tesi di dottorato di ricerca, XXI ciclo, Università degli Studi di Parma, a.a. 2007/2008) 25 Scandone Francesco, op. cit., p. 324
20 op. cit., p. 318
26 Scandone Francesco, op. cit., p. 325
21 op. cit., p. 310; App., Doc. 2
27 Caporale Gaetano, Memorie storico diplomatiche della città di Acerra e dei conti che la tennero in feudo, Napoli, 1890
22 op.cit., p. 320 23 ibidem; App., Doc. 2 24 Gerardo Bianchi was a regent of the Kingdom of Napoli along with Roberto of Artois from 1285 to
14
FDOOHG ´castrum Cancelli”. From this point WKH LQIRUPDWLRQ RQ 0DWLQDOH EHFRPH PRUH UDUH DOPRVW FHUWDLQO\ WKH FDVWOH EHFRPHV SDUW RI WKH ÀHI RI $ULHQ]R , sharing its fate DQG IHXGDO ORUGV EXW DOVR EH DIIHFWHG E\ WKH HYHQWV RI WKH QHDU $FHUUD 7KH FDVWOH LQGHHG ZDV SUREDEO\ DIIHFWHG E\ WKH GHYDVWDWLRQ ZURXJKW LQ WKH KDPOHW RI &DQFHOOR DORQJ WKH URDG WR $FHUUD E\ /XGZLJ , RI +XQJDU\ ² GHVFHQGHG LQ VRXWKHUQ ,WDO\ WR DYHQJH WKH PXUGHU RI KLV EURWKHU $QGUHZ YLFWLP LQ RI D FRQVSLUDF\ ZKHUHLQ -RDQ I tooks part .
28 Caporale Gaetano, Memorie storico diplomatiche della città di Acerra e dei conti che la tennero in feudo, Napoli, 1890
1 | CONSTRUCTION_EVENTS
" ² ZLWK *LDFRPR &DOGRUD ² ZKR DWWDFNHG WKH SULQFH RI 7DUDQWR *LRYDQQDQWRQLR GHO %DO]R ² 2UVLQL ZKR KDG JRQH RYHU WR $OIRQVR PDNLQJ KLP D SULVRQHU LQVLGH WKH 0DWLQDOH DQG ZKHUH 9LWHOOHVFKL UHFHLYHG WKH FDUGLQDO·V KDW E\ WKH 3RSH . /DWHU WKH 0DWLQDOH LV QR ORQJHU QDPHG PDLQO\ EHFDXVH WKH FDVWOH ZDV QHYHU PRGHUQL]HG WR WKH QHZ WHFKQLTXHV RI ZDU VR LW EHFDPH REVROHWH30 EXW DV PHQWLRQHG IROORZHG WKH IDWH RI WKH ÀHI RI $ULHQ]R $ULHQ]R ZDV ERXJKW E\ *LDQ 7RPPDVR &DUDID GXNH RI 0DGGDORQL LQ , and will remain the property of this family XQWLO WKH ODVW GHVFHQGDQW RI WKLV EUDQFK RI WKH &DUDID IDPLO\ 0DU]LR &DUDID GXNH RI 0DGGDORQL ZKR PDUULHG WKH ;;;;,9 FRXQWHVV RI $FHUUD DQG ODVW PHPEHU RI KLV IDPLO\ 0DULD *LXVHSSD GH &DUGHQDV33. 7KH FDVWOH SDVVHG LQ WKH JRRGV RI 0DULD *LXVHSSD ZKR UHPDUULHG LQ ZLWK )UDQFHVFR 3LJQDWHOOL ² SULQFH RI 6WURQJROL DQG WKH 0DWLQDOH IDOOHG ZLWKLQ WKH ÀHIV RI WKH ODWWHU 7KH SULQFH RI 6WURQJROL GLHG LQ OLNH 0DULD *LXVHSSD ZLWKRXW GLUHFW KHLUV WKHLU SRVVHVVLRQV ZHUH GLYLGHG EHWZHHQ WKH IDPLO\ RI WKH SULQFH RI 6WURQJROL
3LJQDWHOOL DQG WKH FKLOGUHQ RI WKH FRXVLQ RI WKH FRXQWHVV )UDQFHVFR 6SLQHOOL SULQFH RI 6FDOHD 'XULQJ WKH ;9,,, FHQWXU\ WKH FDVWOH ZDV XVHG DV D GZHOOLQJ DQG RIWHQ E\ WUDYHOHUV ZHUH WKHUHIRUH PDGH FKDQJHV WR PDNH LW KDELWDEOH35.
29 Scandone Francesco, op. cit., p. 324; Caporale Gaetano, op. cit.
35 Lettieri Nicolò, op. cit., p. 59
30 Pistilli Pio Francesco, Castelli normanni e svevi ǡ ϔ ϔ ǡ 2003, p. 188 31 Giustiniani Lorenzo, op. cit., item Arienzo 32 Sabatini Gaetano, Lo stato feudale dei Carafa di Maddaloni, Genesi e amministrazione di un ducato nel Regno di Napoli (sec. XV - XVIII), 2009 33 Caporale Gaetano, op. cit.
,Q WKH FDVWOH ZLWK $FHUUD ZDV RFFXSLHG E\ WKH IUHQFK JHQHUDO &KDPSLRQQHW WKDW LQ RUGHU WR SUHVHUYH WKH 0DWLQDOH KH HQXPHUDWHG LW DPRQJ WKH ZRUNV RI DUWLVWLF LQWHUHVW LQ WKH OLVW WKDW WKH Lavigny prepared for the arrival of Giuseppe Bonaparte 7KH FDVWOH ZLOO EH QDPHG DJDLQ LQ ZKHQ LW EHFDPH WKH SURSHUW\ RI 'RQ 7RPPDVR (QULFR WK SULQFH RI &DUDPDQLFR ² ZKR LQ PDUULHG WKH EDURQHVV (PDQXHOD %DUUDFFR " ² :LWK WKH XQWLPHO\ GHDWK RI WKH ZRPDQ ZLWKRXW KHLUV WKH FDVWOH SDVVHG WR WKH IDPLO\ RI WKH GHFHDVHG (PDQXHOD38, SUREDEO\ WR WKH HOGHU EURWKHU WKH HOGHVW VRQ RI /XLJL %DUUDFFR EDURQ $OIRQVR %DUUDFFR ² VHQDWRU RI WKH .LQJGRP RI ,WDO\ JUHDW JUDQGIDWKHU RI EDURQ 0DXUL]LR %DUUDFFR FXUUHQW RZQHU RI WKH manor . 34 ibidem
36 Salvino Bruno, Villucci Antonio Marcello, op. cit., p. 306 37 D’Aquino di Caramanico A. R., Alcuni castelli di casa d’Aquino, in “Castelli e vita di castello. Testimonianze storiche e progetti ambientali. Atti del IV° congresso internazionale (Napoli - Salerno 2427 ottobre 1985), Roma, 1994, p. 226; App., Doc. 3; Caporale Gaetano, op. cit. 38 Galdi Guido, op. cit., p. 182 39 App., Doc. 4
1 | CONSTRUCTION_EVENTS
15
16
1 | CONSTRUCTION_EVENTS
Previous page: VRXWK ZHVW IURQW RI WKH PDLQ WRZHU %RWWRP ODVHU VFDQQHU = ) ,PDJHU GXULQJ WKH VXUYH\ RXWVLGH RI WKH FDVWOH
2 CHAPTER TWO: SURVEY 0HWULF DQG DUFKLWHFWRQLF VXUYH\ ODVHU VFDQQHU 7R UXQ WKH UHOLHI RI WKH FDVWOH L KDYH UHFRUVHG WR WKH KHOS RI ODVHU LQVWUXPHQWV 7KH GHYLFH XVHG LV WKH ODVHU VFDQQHU = ) ,0$*(5 D GLVWDQFHPHWHU LQ SKDVH GLIIHUHQFH WKDW PHDVXUHV WKH SKDVH GLIIHUHQFH EHWZHHQ WKH HPLWWHG ZDYH DQG WKH UHFHLYHG ZDYH DQG WKDW UHTXLUHV D UHÁHFWLYH HOHPHQW ZKLFK JXDUDQWHHV D KLJK SUHFLVLRQ RYHU ORQJHU GLVWDQFHV
HUURUV RI DFTXLVLWLRQ QRLVH GLVWXUEDQFH YHJHWDWLRQ HWF JHRUHIHUHQFLQJ WKH LQGLYLGXDO VFDQV ZLWK DQ H[WHUQDO V\VWHP NQRZQ DQG VXEVHTXHQWO\ MRLQHG RI WKHP WURXJK WKH XVH RI ´WDUJHWµ ZKLFK DUH À[HG LQ WKH GHWHFWLRQ RU VXEVHTXHQWO\ VSHFLÀHG GXUHLQJ SURFHVVLQJ )LQDOO\ E\ WULDQJXODWLQJ SRLQWV WKH ÀQDO SURGXFW LV D WKUHH GLPHQVLRQDO PRGHO RI WKH REMHFW WKDW FRQWDLQV PHWULF DQG FRORU LQIRUPDWLRQ IRU HDFK PHDVXUHG SRLQW ZKLFK DOORZV \RX WR JHW LQVWDQWO\ SUHFLVH DUFKLWHFWXUDO VFKHPHV
7KHQ ZDV SHUIRUPHG D VXUYH\ FDPSDLJQ RI WKH DUWHIDFW ZLWK WKH SUHSDUDWLRQ RI SRLQWV RI VWDWLRQ IRU WKH GHWHFWLRQ LQ RUGHU WR HQVXUH D FRPSOHWH DQG UHDO PHDVXUHPHQW RI WKH FDVWOH DYRLGLQJ WR ZRUN ZLWK ´VKDGRZ ]RQHVµ LQ FORXGV RI SRLQWV REWDLQHG 7KH WRRO LQGHHG UHWXUQV LPPHGLDWO\ DV UDZ ÀOH SRLQW FORXGV L H D PRGHO RI WKH REMHFW GHWHFWHG FRQVLVWLQJ RI QXPHURXV SRLQWV ZLWK D UHVROXWLRQ GHWHUPLQHG E\ WKH GLVWDQFH LQ PLOOLPLWHUV EHWZHHQ HDFK SRLQW VHW E\ WKH GHWHFWRU GLUHFWO\ RQ WKH LQVWUXPHQW EHIRUH D VFDQ 8VLQJ VRIWZDUH WKDW PDQDJH WKH ÀOHV SURGXFHG IURP VFDQV ZH SURFHHGHG WR WKHLU SURFHVVLQJ FOHDQLQJ XS ÀOHV IURP WKH 2 | SURVEY
17
18
2 | SURVEY
Previous page: YLHZV RI WKH SRLQWV FORXG UH WXUQHG E\ WKH ODVHU VFDQQHU In this page: HODERUDWHG GUDZLQJV
2 | SURVEY
19
20
2 | SURVEY
Previous page: HODERUDWHG VHFWLRQV
6WUDWLJUDSKLF DQDO\VLV
PDWHULDOV DUH FDOOHG LQWHUIDFHV
7KH VWUDWLJUDSKLF DQDO\VLV LV EDVHG RQ WKH FRQFHSW RI VWUDWLÀFDWLRQ and stratigraphic unit. 6WUDWLSKLFDWLRQ LV LQ JHQHUDO ©>«@ WKH ZKROH RI WKH OD\HUV WKHLU ORFDWLRQ DQG SRVLWLRQ ª40; LQ JHQHUDO WKLV SURFHVV LV JRYHUQHG E\ FLFOHV RI HURVLRQ DQG RU DFFXPXODWLRQ SXW LQ SODFH E\ QDWXUDO IRUFHV EXW DQRWKHU IDFWRU SUHGRPLQDQW LQ VRPH FDVHV LV DQWKURSLF ©7KH SURFHVV RI DUFKDHRORJLFDO VWUDWLÀFDWLRQ LV WKHUHIRUH DQ DPDOJDP RI QDWXUDO SURFHVVHV of erosion and deposit interwoven with DQWKURSLF DOWHUDWLRQV RI WKH ODQGVFDSH WURXJK H[FDYDWLRQ DQG FRQVWUXFWLRQ DFWLYLWLHV ª 7KLV SURFHVV OHDGV WR WKH IRUPDWLRQ RI WKH VWUDWLJUDSKLF XQLWV ZKLFK FDQ EH DFFXPXODWLRQV RI PDWHULDO VXSHULPSRVHG RQH DERYH WKH RWKHU OD\HUV QDWXUDO RU DQWKURSLF QHJDWLYH HOHPHQWV WKDW FXW WKURXJK WKH OD\HUV VXFK DV WUHQFKHV RU FRQVWUXFWLRQ DURXQG ZKLFK DUH IRUPHG WKH OD\HUV 8OWLPDWHO\ D VWUDWLJUDSKLF XQLW DV GHÀQHG E\ +DUULV LV ©WKH WDQJLEOH IDFH RQ WKH JURXQG RI D VLQJOH DFWLRQ SHUIRUPHG E\ PDQ RU QDWXUHª $V KDV EHHQ XQGHUVWRRG WKH VWUDWLJUDSKLF XQLWV FDQ EH SRVLWLYH RU QHJDWLYH WKH ÀUVW LQ WKH FDVH RI HTXDO YROXPHV RI PDWHULDO GHOLPLWHG E\ VXUIDFHV LQ WKH VHFRQG FDVH LI LV RQO\ VXUIDFHV VXFK DV D SLW DQG WKLV GHQRWHV DV LQ DQ H[FDYDWLRQ WKH QXPEHU RI VXUIDFHV FDQ EH JUHDWHU WKDQ WKDW RI GHSRVLWV 7KH ERXQGDU\ VXUIDFHV LQ KRPRJHQRXV 40 Enciclopedia Treccani, item ϔ ǡ Istituto dell’Enciclopedia Italiana, Roma, 1995 41 Harris Edward, Principles of archaeological stratigraphy, Academic Press, 1989 42 ibidem
,Q WKH VWUDWLJUDSKLF DQDO\VLV DIWHU WKH LGHQWLÀFDWLRQ RI WKH VWUDWLJUDSKLF XQLWV DQG WKHLU LQWHUIDFHV ZH DVVLJQ WR WKHVH D QXPEHU ZKLFK ZLOO DOORZ LQ WKH SURFHVV of dating, to draw up a matrix43 that will UHWXUQ DQ LPPHGLDWH UHODWLYH FKURQRORJ\ RI WKH OD\HUV DQG JHWWLQJ FHUWDLQ GDWLQJV through the analysis of the materials, even DQ DEVROXWH FKURQRORJ\ RI DUWLIDFWV $IWHU WKH LGHQWLÀFDWLRQ RI WKH 6 8 WKHUH DUH WZR GLVWLQFW VWDJHV WKH À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ÁXHQFHG E\ FXOWXUDO RU KLVWRULFDO GDWD ZKLFK PD\ DULVH IURP LWHPV IRXQG LQVLGH WKH 6 8 LW LV HVVHQWLDO EHFDXVH PDQ\ HOHPHQWV RYHU WLPH FDQ SHQHWUDWH OD\HUV QRW FRHYDO DQG PD\ JLYH ULVH WR D FKURQRORJ\ RI WKH OD\HULQJ LQFRUUHFW 7KH GDWLQJ RI WKHVH ÀQGLQJV PXVW DOZD\V 43 “Harris matrix”, ibidem
2 | SURVEY
21
Following: SHUVRQDO VNHWFKHV
EH EDVHG RQ WKH VWUDWLJUDSKLF VHTXHQFH EHFDXVH LW LV WKURXJK WKLV WKDW ZH FDQ GDWH WKHP LQ WKH FRUUHFW ZD\ XQGHUVWDQGLQJ KRZ they arrived in that layer. 7KH GLVFRYHU\ RI DQ REMHFW ZLWKLQ D 6 8 FDQ QRW E\ LWVHOI JLYH D WLPLQJ IRU WKDW OD\HU DQG DERYH DOO FDQ QRW FKDQJH LWV SRVLWLRQ LQ WKH VWUDWLJUDSKLF VHTXHQFHV SHUIRUPHG FRUUHFWO\ EXW FRPSDUHG ZLWK DUWHIDFWV IURP WKH XSSHU DQG ORZHU OD\HUV ZLOO EH DEOH WR FRQÀUP ZKHWKHU WKLV LV D YDOLG HOHPHQW IRU WKH GDWLQJ RI WKH OD\HU LQ ZKLFK LW ZDV IRXQG RU EHLQJ D ÀQGLQJ LQÀOWUDWHG
*LYHQ WKH GLIÀFXOW\ LQ GHYHORSLQJ VXFK a detailed analysis of all the vestments of WKH FDVWOH WKH SUHVHQW ZRUN IRFXVHV RQ WKH LQWHUQDO IDFDGH RI VRXWK HDVW ZKLFK LV FHUWDLQO\ WKH ZLQJ RI WKH FDVWOH WKDW ZDV XVHG DV D UHVLGHQFH DQG RQ ZKLFK WKHUH LV D JRRG QXPEHU RI OD\HUV WKDW FDQ MXVWLI\ WKLV analysis.
The matrix of Harris is a fundamental WRRO EHFDXVH DOWKRXJK LW LV WUXH WKDW IRU WKH VWUDWLÀFDWLRQ LV YDOLG WKH ODZ RI VXSHUSRVLWLRQ ZKHUHE\ ZKDW LV ROGHVW LV EHORZ WKH RWKHU OD\HUV RIWHQ HVSHFLDOO\ LQ WKH SUHVHQFH RI KXPDQ LQWHUYHQWLRQ WKH OD\HUV DUH QRW VXSHULPSRVHG RQ HDFK RWKHU WHQGLQJ WR IRUP KRUL]RQWDO VXUIDFHV VXFK DV ZKHQ WKH QDWXUH RSHUDWHV EXW WKH OD\HUV FDQ IROORZ DEVWUDFW VFKHPHV ZKLFK PD\ KDYH D FXOWXUDO RULJLQ LQVWHDG RI QDWXUDO DV FDQ having a stone rolling down a slope for the IRUFH RI JUDYLW\ $QG WKLV LV HYHQ PRUH VR RQ WKH YHUWLFDO OD\HUV ZKLFK FDQ EH ZDOOV WKDW ZLOO REYLRXVO\ KDYH D YHUWLFDO SODQ IRU UHDGLQJ WKH VWUDWLÀFDWLRQV ,Q WKH VXEMHFW RI WKH SUHVHQW ZRUN WKH FDVWOH RI 0DWLQDOH WKH HOHPHQWV WKDW DOORZ XV WR JLYH D GDWH WR WKH 6 8 DUH WKH stones, or rather the study of vestments DQG PDVRQU\ WHFKQLTXHV WKDW WKH\ XVHG IRU VHWWLQJ WKH VWRQH PDWHULDO WKH SURFHVVLQJ RI LQGLYLGXDO HOHPHQWV PDGH E\ VWRQHPDVRQV WKH GLIIHUHQW PDWHULDOV XVHG DQG ODVW EXW QRW OHDVW D IRUPDO DQDO\VLV RI WKH VWUXFWXUHV 22
2 | SURVEY
2 | SURVEY
23
Following: YLHZ RI WKH PDWHULF VXUYH\ RI WKH PDLQ tower.
0HWKRGV DQG WHFKQLTXHV RI PDWHULF survey $V SUHYLRXVO\ PHQWLRQHG LQ RUGHU WR VLPSOLI\ WKH ZRUN RI VWUDWLJUDSKLF DQDO\VLV LW KDV EHHQ FRQVLGHUHG RQH IDFDGH RI WKH FDVWOH WKH LQQHU RI VRXWK HDVW ,Q RUGHU WR LQFUHDVH WKH HIÀFLHQF\ DQG VLPSOLI\ WKH DQDO\VLV WKH PDWHULF VXUYH\ RI WKH IURQW KDV EHHQ XVHG DV support. 7KH PDWHULF VXUYH\ LV D WRRO WKURXJK ZKLFK \RX DUH SHUIRUPLQJ D FULWLFDO LQWHUSUHWDWLRQ RI UHDOLW\ EHLQJ UDSSUHVHQWHG ZKLFK LV thus not limited to the simple redesign of ZKDW LV REVHUYHG EXW LQWHUSUHWV WKH VLJQ WKDW HPHUJH IURP FDUHIXO REVHUYDWLRQ DQG UHSUHVHQWV WKHP LQ D FOHDU DQG HPSKDVL]HG manner in order to highlight them, thus REWDLQLQJ D XVHIXO VXSSRUW RQ ZKLFK FDQ EH PDGH REVHUYDWLRQV DQG DQDO\VLV 6WDUWLQJ WKHQ IURP D SUHFLVH DUFKLWHFWXUDO VXUYH\ LV GUDZQ WKH IURQW ´VWRQ E\ VWRQHµ DQG E\ FKDUDFWHUL]LQJ DOO WKH HOHPHQWV IRFXV ZDV SODFHG RQ WKH WUDFNV RI WKH YDULRXV FRQVWUXFWLRQ SKDVHV RQ WKH IDFLQJ RQ SRUWLRQV RI ZDOOV WKDW KDYH FROODSVHG RYHU WLPH OHDYLQJ PDUNV RQ WKH FKDQJHV PDGH RYHU WLPH RQ WKH ZDOO LQ TXHVWLRQ DQG RQ WKH SURFHVVLQJ RI VWRQH PDWHULDO 7KH PDWHULF VXUYH\ REWDLQHG LV WKHQ D JUDSKLF SURGXFW WKDW UHSUHVHQWV DQG PDNHV LPPHGLDWO\ LQWHOOLJLEOH D FDUHIXO REVHUYDWLRQ DQG SUHFLVH GHFRGLQJ RI WKH UHDO FRPSOH[LW\ VWXGLHG
24
2 | SURVEY
2 | SURVEY
25
5HVXOWV
2UJDQL]DWLRQ RI WKH IDFDGH
7KH ÀUVW 6ZDELDQ SKDVH LV WKH 7KH FRQVWUXFWLRQ SKDVHV LGHQWLÀHG RQ WKH IURQW DUH WKUHH WKH ÀUVW 6ZDELDQ SKDVH FRQVWUXFWLRQ SKDVH RI WKH FDVWOH LQ ZKLFK FD WKH VHFRQG 6ZDELDQ SKDVH D WKH IURQW LQ TXHVWLRQ ZDV RUJDQL]HG DV IHZ GHFDGHV DIWHU WKH ÀUVW WKH HLJKWHHQWK IROORZV IURP WKH ULJKW WKH PDLQ WRZHU donjon VWRRG D ORZHU KHLJKW DV KLQW FHQWXU\ DGGLWLRQV ;9,,, FHQW . DW WKH EDWWOHPHQWV DQG WKH RSHQLQJ LQ )LUVW 6ZDELDQ SKDVH FD FRUUHVSRQGHQFH RI WKH ODWWHU LV REYLRXVO\ ODWHU )XUWKHUPRUH WKH IDFW WKDW WKH donjon 0DVRQU\ WHFKQLTXHV DQG FKURQRW\SH ZDV QRW LQVLGH WKH HQFORVXUH ZDOO LV GXH WR WKH IDFW WKDW DFTXLUHG WKLV VWDWXV RI PDVWHU 7KH 0DWLQDOH HIIHFWLYHO\ WHVWLÀHV WKH WRZHU LPPHGLDWHO\ ODWHU WKDW LV LQ WKH VHFRQG FKURQRW\SH RI WKH ÀUVW KDOI RI WKH WKLUWHHQWK 6ZDELDQ SKDVH ZLWK WKH DERYH HOHYDWLRQ FHQWXU\ GHWHFWHG LQ WKH Atlante , so the wall %XW EDFN WR WKH ÀUVW SHULRG RQ WKH PDLQ XQLWV DUH SDFNHG ZLWK UXVWLF VWRQHV VHWWHG WRZHU LV UHDGDEOH D VLJQ RI IDLOXUH RI WKH LQ ´ORZ FDQWLHULµ WKH VWRQH PDWHULDO WKDW IURQW QHDU WKH FUHVW RI WKH ZDOO WKDW ZH VHH LV SUHSDUHG LQ SHULRGLFDO KRUL]RQWDWLRQ UH LQ VHFWLRQ WKH ZDOO ZDV SUREDEO\ KLJKHU DV FRXUVHV 6R WKH VWRQH HOHPHQWV DUH FOHDYHG \RX PLJKW JXHVV IURP WKH FRQQHFWLRQ RI WKH LQ PHGLXP YROXPH DVVRFLDWHG ZLWK VWRQHV IDFDGH RQ WKH OHIW WRZHU )LQDOO\ RQ WKH WRZHU RI PHGLXP VL]H YHU\ LUUHJXODU PRUSKRORJ\ LV UHDGDEOH D FOHDU VLJQ RI WKH RJLYDO YDXOW DFFRUGLQJ WR GLYLGHG DOLJQPHQWV VRPHWLPHV WKDW VXSSOHPHQWLQJ LW ZRXOG H[LW WKH SURÀOH FRQYHUJLQJ JHQHUDOO\ FRLQFLGLQJ ZLWK WKH of the wall, and this also suggest the original KHLJKW RI WKH DQJOH EDUV 7KH DQJOH EDUV DUH height of the walls; in addition, immediately PDGH RI FXW VWRQH LQ WKH VSHFLÀF FDVH RI EHORZ WKH WXID VWRQHV WKDW VXUURXQG WKLV &DVHUWD \HOORZ WXII D URFN LJQLPEULWH PDGH SRUWLRQ RI WKH DUF ZH FOHDUO\ VHH KRZ WKH RI KHZQ VWRQH DQG FUDIWHG LQ ´ÁDW VNLQµ FRQVWUXFWLRQ WHFKQLTXH LV GLIIHUHQW ZLWK manner, arranged alternately on the long a greater amount of mortar and a different VLGH DQG WKH VKRUW 7KH FRUH LV ´UXEEOH ZDOOµ KHLJKW RI WKH FDQWLHUL DSSDUHQWO\ WKLV LQ UXVWLF HOHPHQWV DVVRFLDWHG ZLWK DEXQGDQW LV EHFDXVH EHORZ WKH YDXOW WKHUH ZDV DQ PRUWDU DQG VDQG 7KH KHLJKW RI WKH FDQWLHUL indoor environment, and therefore treated IRU WKLV FKURQRW\SH LV EHWZHHQ WR GLIIHUHQWO\ ZLWK RYHUÁRZLQJ PRUWDU WR FHQWLPHWHUV 8QHTXLYRFDOO\ FRQÀUPLQJ WKH permit the preparation of plater, while the GDWLQJ RI 0DWLQDOH WRZHU ZDV LQ IDFLQJ EULFNZRUN 44 See Table of Analysis 45 For all details on chronotypes, on the terms used, and more generally on masonry techniques in Campania, see Giuseppe Fiengo, Luigi Guerriero, Atlante delle tecniche costruttive tradizionali, Arte ϐ ǡ ǡ ʹͲͲͺ
26
&RQWLQXLQJ UHDGLQJ WR WKH OHIW ZH FRPH WR WKH ÀUVW SDUW RI WKH IDFDGH 7KLV FRQVLVWHG RI IRXU URRPV UHVSHFWLYHO\ HTXDO LQ SDLUV 7KH ÀUVW WZR DOZD\V UHDGLQJ IURP ULJKW $
2 | SURVEY
DQG $ ZHUH ORQJHU PHWHUV $ WKH RQH RQ WKH XSSHU ÁRRU ZDV FRYHUHG LQ D ÀUVW SDUW LQ FRPPRQ ZLWK WKH PDLQ WRZHU E\ DQ RJLYDO YDXOW VXFK DV KLQW DW WKH WZR WUDFNV RI WKH DUFKHV WKH RQH EHIRUH DQG WKH RQH RQ WKH ZDOO WKDW ZH VHH LQ VHFWLRQ ZKLOH WKH UHVW RI WKH IURQW ZDV FRYHUHG E\ D EURNHQ EDUUHO YDXOW 7KLV ZDV REYLRXVO\ WKH URRP RI UHSUHVHQWDWLRQ EHFDXVH LW KDV WKH RQO\ two windows with ogival design, one ZLWK GRXEOH RJLYDO DUFK DQG DOVR EHFDXVH LW KDG D GXDO DFFHVV WR WKH PDLQ WRZHU WKH PRVW LPSRUWDQW WRZHU RI WKH FLUFXLW ) DQG ) WDEOH ´$QDO\VLVµ $ WKH URRP LV WKH VDPH ORFDWHG EHQHDWK WKH SUHYLRXV RQH WKLV DV WKH WUDFHV RI WKH DUFKHV KLQW RQ WKH ZDOO WKDW ZH VHH LQ VHFWLRQ ZDV FRYHUHG E\ D EURNHQ EDUUHO YDXOW ZKLFK DFFRUGLQJ WR 3LVWLOOL UHVWHG RQ WKH WXID DVKODUV RI WKH VLQJOH ZLQGRZV ) WKDW XQOLNH DOO WKH RWKHU VWRQHV LQ WXII DUH FRQVLGHUDEO\ SURWUXGLQJ DQG WKLV ZRXOG MXVWLI\ WKH WRWDO DEVHQFH RI QHJDWLYH WUDFHV RQ WKH ZDOO RI WLPEHU HOHPHQWV IRU D SRVVLEOH ÁRRU 3UREDEO\ WKLV VSDFH QRW KDYLQJ DQ\ VRUW RI FRQQHFWLRQ ZLWK WKH XSSHU ÁRRU DQG WKH UHVLGHQWLDO ÁRRUV RI WKH main tower, was used as a warehouse, with simple splayed single window useful to air and light, without offering WKH SRVVLELOLW\ RI LQMXU\ IURP HQHPLHV 2Q WKLV SRUWLRQ RI WKH IDFDGH LW LV HYLGHQW WKH ÀUVW YHUWLFDO HOPHQW EHWZHHQ WKH
RSHQLQJV ) DQG ) WKDW H[DFWO\ DV LQ WKH RSSRVLWH ZLQJ RI WKH FDVWOH KDV WKH IXQFWLRQ RI VXSSRUW EHOW RI WKH EURNHQ EDUUHO YDXOW Following the reading, always to the left, ZH KDYH WKH RWKHU WZR DUHDV $ DQG $ ZKLFK KDG WKH WDVN RQ WKH JURXQG ÁRRU $ WR VHUYH WKH SRVWHUQ XSVWDLUV FRQQHFWLQJ the representative room with the other UHVLGHQWLDO WRZHU RI WKH FDVWOH WKH RQO\ RQH WRJHWKHU ZLWK WKH PDLQ WRZHU $QG WKLV LPSRUWDQFH LV MXVWLÀHG E\ WKH SUHVHQFH RI DQRWKHU RSHQLQJ EXW WKLV WLPH ZLWK QR DUFK SUREDEO\ EHFDXVH LW ZDV XVHG RQO\ DV a liaison. 6HFRQG 6ZDELDQ SKDVH D IHZ GHFDGHV DIWHU WKH ÀUVW 0DVRQU\ WHFKQLTXHV DQG FKURQRW\SH Interventions relating to this period are OLNHO\ WR KHDG WR WKH VDPH FUDIWVPHQ ZKR ZRUNHG RQ WKH FRQVWUXFWLRQ RI WKH FDVWOH VR WKH PDVRQU\ WHFKQLTXHV DQG FKURQRW\SH DUH WKH VDPH DV WKRVH RI WKH ÀUVW 6ZDELDQ SKDVH 2UJDQL]DWLRQ RI WKH IDFDGH 7KH VHFRQG 6ZDELDQ SKDVH FRQVLVWHG RQO\ RI WKH DERYH HOHYDWLRQ RI WKH PDLQ WRZHU ) WKH FUHDWLRQ RI WKH RSHQLQJV ) LQ FRUUHVSRQGHQFH RI WKH EDWWOHPHQWV DQG D FXUWDLQ ZDOO RI D SUREDEOH RSHQLQJ ) on the top of the tower.
46 For the hypothesis of divisions into spaces, and to their covering, these considerations have already been highlited by Pistilli in Castelli normanni e svevi ǡ ϔ ϔ ǡ 2003 2 | SURVEY
27
(LJKWHHQWK FHQWXU\ SKDVH DGDSWDWLRQ WR WXII DW WKH WRS PHQWLRQV DQ DUFK VXJJHVWLQJ WKDW LW KDG WR EH D FRQQHFWLRQ RSHQLQJ residence, XVIII cent.) EHWZHHQ WZR URRPV RI WKH FDVWOH·V ZLQJ 0DVRQU\ WHFKQLTXHV DQG FKURQRW\SH :KDW LV QRW FRKHUHQW KRZHYHU LV WKH 7KHUH LV QR VRPH UHDO ZDOOV EHORQJLQJ WR KHLJKW RI WKH LQWHUQDO RSHQLQJ ZKLFK DV WKLV SHULRG EXW WKHUH DUH DGGLWLRQV DOPRVW \RX FDQ UHDG FRUUHVSRQGV WR WKDW RI WKH DOZD\V FRQVLVWLQJ RI ODGGHUV DQG UHODWHG WLPEHU ÁRRU ZKLFK LV UHODWHG SUREDEO\ WR WKH VXSSRUW VWUXFWXUHV ZKLFK DUH SDFNHG LQ WKH HLJKWHHQWK FHQWXU\ SKDVH DQG WKH DUFK WKDW ZD\ RI HLJKWHHQWK FHQWXU\ L H IRUPHG E\ mentions the stone tuff higher, should also VWRQHV DOPRVW DOZD\V LUUHJXODU WUDSH]RLGDO EH LQ FRQÁLFW ZLWK WKH KHLJKW RI WKH ZLQGRZV RI WULDQJXODU VKDSH DOZD\V VHWWHG LQ FDQWLHUL KLJK DURXQG WKH WZR QHDSROLWDQ VSDQV FP DSSUR[ ZLWK WKH XVH RI ÁDNHV LQ WKH YLFLQLW\ RI EHGGLQJ 2UJDQL]DWLRQ RI WKH IDFDGH )LQDOO\ WKH HLJKWHHQWK FHQWXU\ SKDVH IRFXVHG RQ WKH HQWLUH OHIW SRUWLRQ RI WKH IDFDGH $V VKRZQ WKH WUDFHV RI WKH ZRRGHQ EHDPV WKDW \RX UHDG LQ WKLV SDUW RI WKH IURQW KLQW D KHLJKW RI WKH ÁRRU IDU EHORZ ZKDW LW VKRXOG KDYH EHHQ DFFRUGLQJ WR WKH WUDFHV RI DUFKHV DQG RSHQLQJV FURVVLQJ WKLV REVHUYDWLRQ ZLWK WKH GDWD RI WKH GUDZLQJ RI JURXQG ÁRRU LW DSSHDUHG OLNHO\ WKDW WKHVH WUDFHV RI ZRRGHQ EHDPV ZHUH EHORQJLQJ WR WKH SKDVH RI ;9,,, FHQW LQ IDFW DV \RX FDQ UHDG LQ WKH GUDZLQJ RI JURXQG ÁRRU LQ WKH FRXUW\DUG WKHUH DUH IUDJPHQWV RI WKH ZDOOV FOHDUO\ EHORQJLQJ WR ;9,,, FHQWXU\ DV LPSOLHG E\ WKH PDVRQU\ WHFKQLTXHV DGRSWHG IRXQG DOVR LQ GRFXPHQWV WKDW VSHDN RI DGDSWDWLRQ WR UHVLGHQFH ZLFK FRUUHVSRQG ZLWK WKH HQYLURQPHQW GHÀQHG E\ WKH WUDFHV RI WKH ZRRGHQ EHDPV ,Q DGGLWLRQ RQ WKH VHFRQG YHUWLFDO HOHPHQW WKDW VXJJHVWV WKH LQWHUQDO SDUWLWLRQ RI WKH IURQW \RX FDQ VHH DQ DUHD ) LQ ZKLFK VWRQHV DUH SUHVHQW in tuff on the angled, and in one of these, the 28
2 | SURVEY
Tab1: 3 ¶FDQWLHUL· PDVRQU\ FRXUVHV VXJ JHVWHG E\ WKH WXII VWRQHV RI WKH FHQWUDO ZLQGRZ RI WKH VWXGLHG IURQW 3 PDLQ WRZHU·V FDQWLHUL 3 FDQWLHUL VXJJHVWHG E\ WKH WXII VWRQH RI WKH RJLYDO DUFK WKLV VXJJHVWV WKDW WKH HQYLURQPHQW KDG EHHQ GHVLJQHG ZLWK DQ DUFKHG RJLYDO YDXOW Tab2: P5, particular of ashlar tuff. P6, particular of the walled battlements on the donjon.
2 | SURVEY
29
30
2 | SURVEY
2 | SURVEY
31
32
2 | SURVEY
Previous page: inside the room of the main WRZHU·V VHFRQG ÁRRU
3 CHAPTER THREE: DESIGN 5H IXQFWLRQDOL]DWLRQ PHWKRGRORJLFDO \HDUV EXW OLPLW WKH IXQFWLRQDOLW\ RI WKH FDVWOH issues WR WKH SURGXFWLRQ RI ROLYH RLO RU VLPLODU LV OLNHO\ WR PDNH LW D QLFKH HQYLURQPHQW ZKHUH :KDW WKH FRQVHUYDWLRQ ZRUN LV DQG ZKDW RQO\ VRPH SHRSOH FDQ EH SXVKHG WR JR WR WKH really guarantees the preservation of the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ÀQHG FXLVLQH EDVH RQ OLIH RI SHRSOH LQ DQ DUFKLWHFWXUDO SURGXFW DV ORFDO SURGXFWV DQG WDVWLQJ RI YDULRXV W\SHV RI HYLGHQFHG E\ WKLV WRWDO DEDQGRQPHQW DERXW ORFDO RLOV $ IXQFWLRQ WKHQ DEVROXWHO\ DWWUDFWLYH WKH ;9 FHQWXU\ RQZDUGV %XW SHUKDSV WKH VXVWDLQDEOH DQG FRPSDWLEOH ZLWK WKH FDXVH RI LWV DEDQGRQPHQW DQG QDPHO\ WKH DUFKLWHFWXUDO DQG HQYLURQPHQWDO FRQWH[W IDFW RI EHLQJ ORFDWHG LQ D SODFH WKDW WXUQHG WKDW H[SORLWLQJ WKH VXUYLYLQJ ZLQJ RI RXW WR EH XQVXLWDEOH IRU DFWLYLWLHV WKDW WKH FDVWOH OLPLWV WKH LQWHUYHQWLRQ WR WKH FKDQJHG RYHU WLPH NHSW KLP DZD\ IURP WKH VWUXFWXUHV RI DFFHVV IRU GLIIHUHQW VSDFHV DQG VWURQJ DQG UDSLG WUDQVIRUPDWLRQV RI XUEDQ to adapt them to the new features. ODQG ZKLFK FRXOG KDYH DOWHUHG LWV LPDJH 7KH TXHVWLRQ WKHQ LV WR LQVHUW D IXQFWLRQ LQ WKH 0DWLQDOH WKDW FRXOG UHFRQQHFW WKH DUWHIDFW WR WKH OLYLQJ WLVVXH RI WKH WHUULWRU\ ZKLFK JLYHV D UHDVRQ WR SHRSOH WR JR XS WKH VZLWFKEDFNV WKDW OHDG XS WKH KLOO RQ ZKLFK LW VWDQGV 7KH IXQFWLRQ RI FRXUVH FDQ QRW EH FKRVHQ ZLWKRXW FRQVLGHULQJ WKH ODQG RQ ZKLFK ZH DUH RSHUDWLQJ WKDW KDYLQJ WKH FKDUDFWHULVWLFV RI D FHUWDLQ W\SH LW KHOSV WR VXJJHVW ZKDW PLJKW EH WKH PRVW HIIHFWLYH solution. 7KH FDVWOH VWDQGV RQ D KLOO WKH &DQFHOOR KLOO ZKLFK DV HYLGHQFHG E\ WKH DQJHYLQ GRFXPHQWV H[DPLQHG WR GUDZ WKH KLVWRULFDO SURÀOH RI WKH 0DWLQDOH KDV DOZD\V EHHQ XVHG DV DQ ROLYH JURYH D SODFH WKHQ OLQNHG WR WKH SURGXFWLRQ RI RLO IRU DW OHDVW HLJKW KXQGUHG
$Q LPSRUWDQW SRLQW RI WKH SURMHFW LV WKH UHRUJDQL]DWLRQ RI WKH FRXUW\DUG ZKLFK LV OLPLWHG WR D VPDOO PRGLÀFDWLRQ RI WKH KHLJKWV DQG LV KHOG FRPSOHWHO\ LQ JUHHQ H[FHSW IRU WKH QRUWK HDVW ZLQJ ZKLFK LV WKH residential wing, that for its previous use DQG WKH VWUXFWXUHV WKDW SUHVHUYH KRPH WR D series of three wooden platforms that serve as outdoor room for the restaurant or for RWKHU HYHQWV :DV DOVR WKRXJKW WKH LQFOXVLRQ RI D EDU RQ WKH XSSHU ÁRRU RI WKH VRXWK west, at an altitude of +8,5 meters, with LQGHSHQGHQW DFFHVV IURP WKH UHVW ZKLFK XVHV WKH RSHQ VSDFH DERYH WKH JUHDW KDOO RI WKH UHVWDXUDQW IRU HVWHUQDO HTXLSPHQW WKLV VSDFH PD\ DOVR EH XVHG RQ VSHFLDO RFFDVLRQV IURP WKH UHVWDXUDQW WR SUHSDUH IRU HYHQWV DQG FHUHPRQLHV 7KH URRPV RI WKH
3 | DESIGN
33
Following: design drawings.
WRZHUV KDYH EHHQ XVHG WR SHUIRUP YDULRXV IXQFWLRQV DOO WKRVH WKDW FRPPXQLFDWH ZLWK WKH UHVWDXUDQW DQG RU EDU UHVSHFWLYHO\ KRVW wineries and sanitation, the remaining three WRZHUV LQVWHDG WKURXJK WKH UHDFWLYDWLRQ RI WKH DHULDO FRQQHFWLRQV FDQ EH YLVLWHG ZLOO LQFOXGH LQIRUPDWLRQ RQ KLVWRU\ RI WKH FDVWOH DQG FDQ EH XVHG DV YHQXHV IRU DUW H[KLELWLRQV 7KH LQWHUYHQWLRQ WKHQ MXVW PDNH VXLWDEOH VSDFHV WR DFFRPRGDWH WKH QHZ IXQFWLRQV DQG WKH DGGLWLRQ RI QHZ IDFLOLWLHV LV OLPLWHG WR FRQQHFWLRQ V\VWHPV ZKLFK DQ\ZD\ LQFRUSRUDWH DQG LQWHJUDWH WKH RULJLQDO FRQQHFWLRQV VWLOO H[LVW WRGD\ LQ part, and all volumes interior of restaurant hall that host the toilets. ,Q FRQFOXVLRQ DQ LQWHUYHQWLRQ RI WUXH UH IXQFWLRQDOL]DWLRQ WKDW UHLQVHUWV WKH FDVWOH LQ WKH XUEDQ DQG VRFLDO WLVVXH RI WRGD\ ensuring its preservation. Simple and QRQ LQYDVLYH SRWHQWLDOO\ VXVWDLQDEOH DQG FHUWDLQO\ HIIHFWLYH WR UHDFK WKH JRDOV WKDW DLPV WR DFKLHYH
34
3 | DESIGN
3 | DESIGN
35
2SHUDWLRQDO JXLGHOLQHV SDUWLFXODU JUHHQ H[FHSW IRU WKH UHVLGHQWLDO ZLQJ WKDW solutions LQFOXGHV WKH ZRRGHQ SODWIRUPV ZKLFK ZLOO EXLOG XSRQ WKH H[LVWLQJ ZDOOV DQG VKRUW ZDOOV 7KH VSXU RQ ZKLFK WKH FDVWOH VWDQGV surviving fragments; positioned on different LV QRW UHJXODU DQG LW LV FRPSOH[ IURP WKH OHYHOV WR PHWHUV DSDUW WKH QXPEHU SRLQW RI YLHZ RI KHLJKW LQ RUGHU WR IDFLOLWDWH RI WKUHH SODWIRUPV KDV EHHQ VXJJHVWHG E\ WKH HQWUDQFH DQG LQ D ZD\ WR DWWUDFW YLVLWRUV WKH SUHVHQFH RQ WKH PDVRQU\ WZR REYLRXV LQVLGH KDYH EHHQ SURYLGHG IRU WZR ULEEHG WUDFHV RI WKH ZDOOV ZKLFK GLYLGHG WKH LQWHULRU DW WKH WZR HQWUDQFHV WKH IURQW GRRU DQG WKH RI WKH ZLQJ FROODSVHG 7KLV GLYLVLRQ WKHQ UHPHPEHUV WKH postern. SUHYLRXV H[LVWLQJ VSDFHV EXW LW VWLOO UHPDLQV 7KH WZR FXUEV DUH PDGH RI ZKLWH limestone, and lean on the slopes, as if DQ RSHQ VSDFH HTXLSSHG ZLWK WDEOHV DQG VXVSHQGHG NHHSLQJ VR FRVWDQW D VORSH FKDLUV DV RXWHU URRP RI WKH UHVWDXUDQW RU of no more than 8%, and these are then DOVR DV D VSDFH IRU H[KLELWLRQV DQG HYHQWV RI LQWHJUDWHG ZLWK RQH ODQH IRU GLVDEOHG various kinds. SHRSOH ZKLFK FRQYHUJHV QHDU WKH HQWUDQFHV ,QVLGH WKH DHULDO FRQQHFWLRQV DUH on the main path, forming a single element VHFXUHG E\ WKH ODGGHU RI WKH EORFN VHUYLFHV RUJDQLFDOO\ for indoors in the dining room and a system 7KH LQWHUYHQWLRQ RXWVLGH LV FRPSOHWHG RI VWDLUV DQG OLIW DFFHVV WR DOO OHYHOV RI WKH ZLWK WKH DFFRPGDWLRQ DQG PDLQWHQDQFH wing of the restaurant, and integrating an RI JUHHQ DURXQG WKH FDVWOH DQG ZLWK WKH H[LVWLQJ VWDLUZD\ LQ WKH FRXUW\DUG SURYLGHV LQFOXVLRQ RI VWDOOV IRU FDUV GLUHFWO\ RQ WKH DFFHVV WR WKH QRUWK WRZHU DQG WKH PHGLDQ JUHHQ DQG LQVHUWHG LQWR WKH H[LVWLQJ URDG WRZHU DQG ÀQDOO\ DQRWKHU ROG VWDLUFDVH EXLOW WKDW PDNHV DFFHVVLEOH WKH URRPV RI WKH PDLQ layout of the hill. tower. 7KH DFFHVV SRLQWV WR WKH FDVWOH DUH WKUHH The restaurant is spread mainly in the WKH FRXUW\DUG ZLWK WKH PDLQ HQWUDQFH DQG VRXW ZHVW RI WKH FDVWOH WDNLQJ DGYDQWDJH WKH VHFRQGDU\ RQH RQ WKH QRUWK ZHVW IURQW RI WKH JURXQG ÁRRU WKH PDLQ KDOO ZKLFK WKH ROG SRVWHUQ DQG WKH RWKHU LV WKH V\VWHP HQFORVHV DQ DUHD RI DERXW VTXDUH PHWHUV RI DFFHVV VWDLUV RQ WKH VRXWK ZHVW IURQW FRQVLVWLQJ RI WKH H[LVWLQJ ODGGHU LQWHJUDWHG VXFK DV GLQLQJ URRP ZLWK D VHDWLQJ FDSDFLW\ LQWR LWV VKRUWFRPLQJV ZKLFK FRQQHFWV ZLWK QRW H[FHHGLQJ WKDW DUH GLVWULEXWHG RQ WKH RXWVLGH WKH RIÀFH RI WKH GLUHFWLRQ RI WZR ZRRGHQ SODWIRUPV WKDW KDYH D GLIIHUHQFH WKH UHVWDXUDQW DQG WKH WHUUDFH RI WKH EDU DW D LQ KHLJKW RI RQH PHWHU IURP HDFK RWKHU DQG FRQQHFWHG WR HDFK RQH E\ D ODGGHU HPHGGHG height of +8,5 meters. LQ WKHLU VWUXFWXUH WKDW FRQQHFWV WR WKH 7KH FRXUW\DUG EHFRPHV D SRLQW RI FOLPELQJ ODGGHU WR WKH FRXUW\DUG 7KH RULJLQDO VWDLUFDVH WKDW SHQHWUDWHG FRQQHFWLRQ EHWZHHQ DOO SDUWV RI WKH FDVWOH WKH DWPRVSKHUH RI WKH VDORQ KDV FXW XS WKH and here the intervention is limited to the FOHDQXS GLPHQVLRQV DQG LWV PDLQWHQDQFH LQ IDFH RI WKH ZDOO OHDYLQJ RQO\ WKH SDUW RI WKH 36
3 | DESIGN
ODGGHU EXLOW LQWR WKH ZDOO DQG IUHHLQJ WKH VSDFH EHIRUH LW ZDV EXV\ WKH KHLJKW RI WKH ÀUVW VWHS RI WKH UHPDLQLQJ ODGGHU HQJDJHV WKH QHZ VWUXFWXUH OLIW ZKLFK FRQQHFWV WR D KHLJKW RI PHWHUV EHWZHHQ WKH KDOO DQG WKH FRXUW\DUG
RI WKH FDVWOH QRZ XVHG DV D ZLQH FHOODU IRU olive oils and wines. $W WKH OHYHO HYHQ KLJKHU WKHQ WKH EDU LV ORFDWHG ZKLFK XVHV D FRYHUHG VSDFH RI DERXW VTXDUH PHWHUV DQG D WHUUDFH DW DQ KHLJKW RI PHWHUV ZKLFK UHVWV GLUHFWO\ RQ WKH FHLOLQJ RI WKH KDOO RI WKH UHVWDXUDQW EHORZ 7KH VDQLWDU\ IDFLOLWLHV UHTXLUHG IRU WKDW FDQ DOVR EH XVHG IRU VSHFLDO HYHQWV RU WKH URRP ZHUH SODFHG LQ D VLQJOH EORFN DW FHUHPRQLHV multiple levels, in the initial part of the URRP LQ IURQW RI WKH NLWFKHQ 7KH WRLOHW EORFN LV IRUPHG E\ WKUHH FXEHV FRPSDFW ZKLFK VWDUWLQJ IURP WKH ERWWRP SDUWLWDOO\ EXULHG KRVWLQJ HUYLFHV IRU WKH HPSOR\HHV RI WKH NLWFKHQ VSUHDG RYHU WKUHH LQVWDOOPHQWV FRQQHFWHG WR HDFK RWKHU YLD D VXVSHQGHG VWDLUFDVH WKDW WXUQLQJ DURXQG WKH EORFNV DOORZV DFFHVV DQG DOVR WKDW KRRNV WR WKH DUHD DERYH WKH NLWFKHQ XVHG DV D SULYq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q RQ WKH XSSHU OHYHO ZKLFK FRQQHFWV WR WKH GLQLQJ URRP E\ WKH VWDLUFDVH LQVLGH WKH WRLOHW RU E\ WKH \DUG RQ WKH RSSRVLWH VLGH LQVWHDG FRPPXQLFDWHV ZLWK WKH VRXWK WRZHU ZKLFK WKURXJK D KRLVWV move down in what was one of the old tanks 3 | DESIGN
37
38
3 | DESIGN
Previous page: GHVLJQ VHFWLRQV This page: restaurant drawing and sanitary ser YLFHV EORFN SDUWLFXODU
3 | DESIGN
39
DOCUMENTARY APPENDIX
'RF 7DNHQ IURP 6FDQGRQH )UDQFHVFR 0DUJKHULWD GL 6YHYLD ÀJOLD QDWXUDOH GL )HGHULFR ,, FRQWHVVD GL Acerra LQ ´$UFKLYLR 6WRULFR GHOOH 3URYLQFH 1DSROHWDQH ;;;,µ 1DSROL $QJHYLQ 5HJLVWHU ;&9 IRO <HDU 'HFHPEHU ´5R\DO DVVHQW WR WKH H[FKDQJH RI WKH IHXGV IRUPHUO\ EHORQJLQJ WR WKH ROG FRXQWHVV RI $FHUUD HQWHUHG LQWR E\ WKH SULQFH RI 7DUDQWR DQG -DFRSR %LDQFR QHSKHZ RI &DUGLQDO *HUDUGR ELVKRS RI 6DQWD 6DELQD DQG RUGHU WR WKH YLFDUV RI WKH SULQFH WR GHOLYHU WKH JRRGV WR WKH QHZ RZQHU µ 6FULSWXP HVW 3HWUR 3LVFLFHOOR GLFWR %LFDULFH GH 1HDSROL PLOLWL HW *XLOOHOPR GH 9LYLOOD YLFDULLV WHUUDUXP 3KLOLSSL ÀOLL QRVWUL SULQFLSLV 7DUHQWLQL LQ SUWLEXV 7HUUH /DERULV JUDWLDP VXDP HWF 3ULGHP FXP HVVHPXV LQ 5RPDQD FXULD GLFWR SULQFLSH H[LVWHQWH QRELVFXP WUDFWDWXV IXLW KDELWXV HW KLQF LQGH PXWXR FRQFRUGDWXV TXRG -DFREXV GLFWXV %ODQFXV PLOHV QHSRV YHQHUDELOLV viri Gerardi dei gratia episcopi sabinensis compatris et amici nostri carissimi casale sancti Quirici siti in iustitieratu Capitanate cum iuribus et pertinentiis suiis omnibus quod idem Jacobus pro valore annuo octoginta unciarum auri a curia nostra ex dono celsitudinis nostre tenebat ex causa permtuationis dicto principi pro se et successoribus suis tradatur idemque princeps ex eadem causa de bonis suis sitis in suessola et casale Cancelli ac pertinentiis HRUXQGHP TXH IXHUXQW TXRQGDP VHQLRULV FRPLWLVVH $FHUUDUXP VLWLV LQ WHUUD ODYRULV XVTXH DG valorem annuum centum unciarum auri eidem Jacobo pro se ac heredibus suis assignavit cum viginti uncias in quibus valor annuus dictorum bonorum assignandorum per eumdem SUHIDWR ,DFRER GLFWL FDVWUL DQQXXP YDORUHP H[FHGLW LGHP SULQFHSV FRQVLGHUDWLRQLV REWHQWX dicti domini sabinensis qui nobis ab hostili manu detentis ipsius principis et bone memorie .DUXOL UHJLV 8QJDULH IUDWULV VXL SLXV HGXFDWRU HW SURWHFWRU H[WLWLW HLGHP -DFRSR QHSRWL VXR GRQDUH GH JUDWLD SURPLVLVVHW 3RVWPRGXP YHUR YHQLHQWLEXV QRELV 1HDSROLP XW FRQWUDFWXV LSVH KDELOLXV HW H[SHGLWLXV VLQH LQGLFDWR FLUFX\WX SHUIHFWLRQHP RSWDWL ÀQLV DWWLQJHUHW GH QRWUH VXFWRULWDWLV DVVHQVX IDFWD SULXV LQTXLVLWLRQH VROOHPSRL GH PDQGDWR QRVWUR FXP HLXVGHP SULQFLSLV YROXQWDWH HW VXRUXP RIÀFLDOLXP H[SUHVVD QRWLFLD GH YDORUH DQQXR GLFWRUXP bonorum assignandorum eidem Jacobo ex causis predictis per principem memoratum. Idem SULQFHSV FDVWUXP TXRG GLFLWXU 0DWLQDOH HGLÀFDWXP ROLP SHU TXRQGDP 7KRPDVLXP FRPLWHP Acerrarum et casale Cancelli scita in predicto Iustitieratu Terre Laboris cum hominibus, vassallis, iuribus, redditibus, possessionibus, ter….dodario, omnibus aliis iuribus et SHUWLQHQWLLV VXLV LQIHULXV DQ… Que omnia per eandem inquisitionem centum uncias auri annus VXQW YDOHUH FRPSHUWD OLEHUH UHQXQWLDYLW LQ PDQLEXV FDVWULV HW SUHIDWXV ,DFREXV SUHIDWXP FDVDOH VDQFWL 4XLULFL «PLOLWHU LQ QRVWULV PDQLEXV DVVLJQDYLW 1RV YHUR UHVLJQDWLRQLEXV HLXVPRGL VLF receptis predictum casale sancti Quirici dicto principi et heredibus suis in perpetuum pro predicto annuo valore octoginta unciarum auri sub servicio quatuor militum imme… et in capite per eum et heredes suos curie nostre prestando … usum et consuetudinem regni nostri 6LFLOLH GX[LPXV « QHGHQGXP HW SUHIDWR Iacobo et suis heredibus in perpetuum predictum 42
DOCUMENTARY_APPENDIX
castrum dictum Matinale et casale Cancelli FXP LQIUDVFULSWLV KRPLQLEXV YDVVDOOLV LXULEXV UHGGLWLEXV SRVVHVVLRQLEXV WHUULWRULR DOLLVTXH LXULEXV HW SHUWLQHQWLLV VXLV RPQLEXV LQIUDVFULSWLV VHFXQGXP XVXP VLPLOLWHU HW FRQVXHWXGLQHP UHJQL QRVWUL 6LFLOLH SUR YDORUH DQQXR XQFLDUXP auri centum sub servitio quinque militum immediate et in capite per eum et heredes suos curie nostre prestando benigne similiter providimus concedenda. In ..traque concessione nostre curie servatis omnibus clausolis que in privilegiis concessionum nostrarum consueverunt SDUWLFXODULWHU DQQRWDUL 4XRFLUFD ÀGHOLWDWL YHVWUH SUHFLSLHQGR PDQGDPXV TXDWHQXV QXOOD dilatione protract statim ad predictum castrum Matinalis et casale Cancelli vos personaliter FRQIHUHQWHV HLGHP ,DFRER YHO HLXV SURFXUDWRUL VHX QXQFLR SUHVHQWHV YRELV OLWWHUDV DVVLJQDQWL iam dicta castrum et casale cum hominibus vassallis iuribus redditibus possessionibus WHUULWRULR DOLLVTXH LXULEXV HW SHUWLQHQWLLV VXLV RPQLEXV LQIUDVFULSWLV DVVLJQDUH FXUHWLV 7HQHQGD SHU HXQGHP ,DFREXP HW KHUHGHV LSVLXV VXE IRUPD HW FRQGLWLRQH SUHWDFWLV HW UHFHSWR SULXV DE KRPLQLEXV LSVRUXP FDVWUL HW FDVDOLV SUR SDUWH QRVWUD ÀGHOLWDWLV VROLWR LXUDPHQWR HXQGHP ,DFREXP YHO SURFXUDWRUHP DXW QXQFLXP VXXP HLXV QRPLQH DVVHFXUDUL IDFLDWLV DE eis iuxta usum et consuetudinem dicti regni ac intendi et responderi sibi de omnibus quibus WHQHQWXU HW GHEHQW ÀGHOLWDWH QRVWUD QRVWULV HW HXLXVOLEHW DOWHULXV LXULEXV VHPSHU VDOYLV IDFWLV nichilominus de assignatione predicta duobus consimilibus scriptis puplicis continentibus IRUPDP SUHVHQWLXP HW FHWHUXP SURFHVVXP YHVWUXP TXHP KDEHQGXP GX[HULWLV LQ SUHPLVVLV TXRUXP XQR SHQHV WH YLFDULXP UHWHQWR DOWHUXP SUHIDWR ,DFRER YHO QXQFLR VHX SURFXUDWRUL suo pro cautela dicti militis eius nomine assignatis. Territorium vero pretinencie dictorum FDVWUL HW FDVDOLV VXQW KHF YLGHOLFHW TXH LQFLSLXQW D ORFR TXL GLFLWXU OH IHWH HW DVFHQGXQW XVTXH DG ORFXP TXL GLFLWXU &DWDQLID HW GHVFHQGXQW DG YLDP XEL GLFLWXU SLXV GH YDVVDOOL D SDUWH $UJHQWLL H[HXQW DG YLDP SXSOLFDP SHU TXDP LWXU DG HFFOHVLDP VDQFWH ÀGHL H[ SDUWH 0DJGDORQL HW UHYROYXQWXU LSVH SHUWLQHQFLH D SDUWH 6H[XOH SHU VXEWXV RUWRV LSVLXV FDVWUL HW IHUXQW DG YLDP &UXFLV SURSH KRVSLWDOH HW ROLYHWXP VDQFWL )RUWXQDWL ,XUD YHUR UHGGLWXV HW possessionies predicte cum pertinentiis earundem sunthec videlicet. Mons cum nemore in TXR VFLWXP HVW GLFWXP FDVWUXP ,WHP YLQHD ROLYHWXP ,DUGLQXP SODQWDWXP IUXFWLEXV LELGHP existentibus, iuxta dictum castrum. Item iura redditus et proventus platee, baiulationis quorundam redditum a subscriptis hominibus eiusdem castri debitorum, videlicet Angelo et %DOGX\QR GH $UJHQWLR 6DELQR VWDELOLR GH $UJHQWLR ,DFRER GH $LGURSSR KHUHGLEXV OHRQLV GH Cancello, Riccardo de Zabatta, nicolao madio Iohanne ciccano, heredibus donati barbaroli et Petro pellerio. Item ius sumendi herbaticum et aquam per homines dicti castri in nemore et DTXD 6XHVVXOH SURPLVFXH FXP KRPLQLEXV HLXVGHP WHUUH ,WHP WUHV WDEHUQH VFLWH LQ FDVDOL GLFWL FDVWUL ,WHP VWDUFLH WUHV SHUWLQHQWLLV GLFWH WHUUH 6XHVVXOH XQD TXDUXP GLFLWXU VWDUFLD QRYHOOD alia starcia sancti laurentii et tertia starcia vetus. Item tercia pars nucilliti a parte superiore LQIUD TXHP FRQLXQFWD HW FRQODWHUDOLV HVW HLGHP VWDUFL HTXH GLFLWXU YHWXV ,WHP TXRGGDP DOLXG nucelletum parvum coniunctum dictis starciis. 'DWXP 1HDSROL SHU 0 DJLVWURV 5 DWLRQDOHV PDJQH FXULH HWF GLH SULPR GHFHPEULV ;,, indictionis.
DOCUMENTARY_APPENDIX
43
'RF $TXLQDV JHQHDORJ\ $QFLHQW OLQHV
$TXLQDV IDPLO\ JHQHDORJ\ IURP KHU IRXQGDWLRQ WR $GHQROIR ,9 VRQ RI 7KRPDV ,, $TXLQDV
A1. Rodoaldo, nobiluomo longobardo, fu il primo Gastaldo (= governatore di un distretto amministrativo nel principato GL &DSXD GHOOD FLWWj GL $TXLQR 1HOO· GRSR XQD JXHUUD ORFDOH IX FDWWXUDWR FRQ XQ ÀJOLR GDO QRPH LJQRWR FRVWUHWWR D rinunciare al feudo e a farsi monaco. _____________ A1. Adenolfo SRVW *DVWDOGR G·$TXLQR OD VXD SRVL]LRQH q LQFHUWD )RUVH ÀJOLR R IUDWHOOR GL 5RGRDOGR B1. (Parentela incerta) Rodiperto SRVW *DVWDOGR GL $TXLQR 0DJDO ÀJOLD GL 'RFLELOH GHL 'XFKL GL *DHWD DQWH DQWH C1. Siconolfo I SRVW *DVWDOGR GL $TXLQR = ……… ' Adenolfo II SRVW *DVWDOGR H &RQWH GL $TXLQR H 3RQWHFRUYR = Maria ( &RQWH Adenolfo III detto “Summucula” (i primi discendenti portavano il cognome Summucula) IX LQ FRQWHVH FRQ LO PRQDVWHUR GL 0RQWHFDVVLQR (· FRQVLGHUDWR LO FDSRVWLSLWH GHOOD IDPLJOLD G·$TXLQR = ……….. ) &RQWH Adenolfo IV 'XFD GL *DHWD QHO FD 'LIHQVRUH GHOO·DEED]LD benedettina di Monte Cassino = ……. G5. Conte Landone II FD 6LFKHOJDUGD ÀJOLD GL 3DQGROIR ,9 3ULQFLSH GL &DSXD H5. Conte Landone III SRVW RFFXSD OD FLWWj GL 7HUjPH QHO = …….. , &RQWH Landone IV SRVW = ……….. - 'RPLQXV Pandolfo I (+ post 1157), nel 1157 fece una permuta con il Papa e cedette Montelibretti in cambio del feudo di Monte San Giovanni. = ……. K1. Landolfo I de Albeto SRVW = ……… L1. Adenolfo II SRVW 2WWROLQD GHOO·,VROD M1. Tommaso I DQWH &RQWH G·$FHUUD 6LJQRUH GL 1XVFR H 0RQWHOOD LQYHVWLWR LO *LXVWL]LHUH GL 7HUUD GL /DYRUR GDO &DSLWDQR *HQHUDOH GHO 5HJQR GL 6LFLOLD QHO DPEDVFLDWRUH DO 3DSD ÀQH 0DUJKHULWD GL 8JHQWR " N1. Adenolfo III &DSLWDQR Generale delle truppe imperiali in Lombardia. &XELWRVD GL /DXULWR " «« O1. Tommaso II &RQWH G·$FHUUD GDO &RQWH GL /RUHWR H $FHUUD FRQ 8JHQWR Sarno e Montemarano e i castelli di Piedimonte, Alano,
44
DOCUMENTARY_APPENDIX
Longano, Cuculo e Gioanova investito dal Papa il FRQIHUPDWR GD 5H &RUUDGR GL 6LFLOLD QHOO¶ ID FRQYHQ]LRQH FRO 3DSD FKH OR LQYHVWH GL $FHUUD FRQ &RQ]D H Bisaccia e i castelli di Atina, 9DLUDQR &DVWURFLHOR &LFDOD H 0RQWHVDUFKLR LO H FHGH OD FRQWHD GL /RUHWR permuta parti di Alvito, Settefrati, H 6DQ 'RQDWR DO FXJLQR 7RPPDVR GH $OEHWR FRQ LO FDVDOH GL /X]]L LQ XQ HOHQFR GL IHXGDWDUL GHO possedeva Acerra con Marigliano, Ottaiano, ¼ di 3RVWD LO FDVWHOOR GL 9LFDOYR H LO FDVDOH GL 6XHVVROD 9DOOHWWR GHOO·,PSHUDWRUH )HGHULFR ,, QHO &DSLWDQR GHO 'XFDWR GL 6SROHWR LO 0DUJKHULWD GL +RKHQVWDXIHQ ÀJOLD QDWXUDOH GL )HGHULFR ,, ,PSHUDWRUH GHO 6 5 , H 5H GL 6LFLOLD P1. Cubitosa (+ morì in un mese di maggio tra il H LO possedeva il castello e il casale di Cassano. = Galeotto Lancia Conte GL $WUL QR]]H QRQ consumate e annullate.
3 Adenolfo IV JLXVWL]LDWR FRQ O·DFFXVD GL VRGRPLD &RQWH G·$FHUUD GDO 6LJQRUH di Ariola e Cassine e del FDVWHOOR GL 9LFDOQR LO 5HJLR Commissario atto alla riscossione delle imposte nelle regioni di Aversa e Capua dal 6LJQRUH GL 6WRUQDULD GDO H GL 0DULJOLDQR H 8JHQWR LO IHXGL FRQÀVFDWL VXO ÀQLUH GHO H LQ SDUWH UHVWLWXLWL O· IX FRQÀVFDWR DQFRUD LO H LPSULJLRQDWR 5HJLR &RQVLJOLHUH GL &DUOR , G·$QJLz D &RVWDQ]D /DQFLD ÀJOLD GL *DOYDQR 3ULQFLSH GL 6DOHUQR H GL 0DUJKHULWD GH 2FUD QR]]H IDWWH DQQXOODUH SHUFKp QRQ FRQVXPDWH b) = ……., sorella di )LOLSSR GL %UXVVRQH
DOCUMENTARY_APPENDIX
45
'RF $TXLQDV IURP &DUDPDQLFR JHQHDORJ\ $TXLQDV IURP &DUDPDQLFR JHQHDORJ\ IURP KHU IRXQGDWLRQ WR 'RQ 7RPPDVR (QULFR WK 3ULQFH RI &DUDPDQLFR
)UDQFHVFR G·$TXLQR WHVWDPHQWR GL IDPLJOLD ERUJKHVH QDSROHWDQD RULJLQDULD GL 7DUDQWR VHFRQGR LO VXR WHVWDPHQWR HUD SDUHQWH GHOOD IDPLJOLD G·$TXLQR GL 7DUDQWR H UDFFRPDQGDYD SHUFLz DL ÀJOL OD ULFRQIHUPD GHOOD QRELOWj GL TXHOOD FLWWj 6SRVD LQ SULPH QR]]H )DXVWLQD &DOLIDQR LQ VHFRQGH QR]]H *LRYDQQD 3DJDQR _____________ A1. Luigi LQL]LR JHVXLWD GDO $ Andrea XIÀFLDOH QHOO·DUPDWD QDSROHWDQD $ Tommaso UHLQWHJUDWR QHOOD QRELOWj GL 7DUDQWR LO FRPSUD LO IHXGR GL &DVROL LO 'XFD GL &DVROL GDO *LURODPD «« FRPSUD LO IHXGR GL )UDQFROLVH LO % 'RQQD Giovanna SRVW 1RELOH GL 7DUDQWR PRQDFD QHO PRQDVWHUR GL 6DQWD 0DULD 'RQQDOELQD GDO % 'RQ Giacomo FD 'XFD GL &DVROL GDO H 1RELOH GL 7DUDQWR & H[ 'RQ Francesco Gaetano 1DSROL 'XFD GL &DVROL GDO 0DUFKHVH GL )UDQFROLVH GDO WHUUD FRPSUDWD QHO 3DWUL]LR 1DSROHWDQR DJJUHJDWR DO 6HJJLR GL 3RUWDQRYD GDO 3DWUL]LR GL %HQHYHQWR 1RELOH GL 7DUDQWR &RQWH GL 3ROHQD GDO FRPSUD $OWLQR H 3ROHQD LO 5RPD 0DULD ,VDEHOOD ÀJOLD GL *LURODPR 0LJQDQHOOL 1RELOH 5RPDQR ' 'RQ Antonio 3ULQFLSH GL &DUDPDQLFR GDO 'XFD GL &DVROL 0DUFKHVH GL )UDQFROLVH H &RQWH GL 3ROHQD GDO 3DWUL]LR 1DSROHWDQR 3DWUL]LR GL %HQHYHQWR H 1RELOH GL 7DUDQWR 'RQQD ,SSROLWD 3LJQDWHOOL ÀJOLD GL 'RQ /XLJL 3ULQFLSH GL 0RQWHURGXQL H GL 'RQQD 0DGGDOHQD 0RUPLOH GHL 'XFKL GL &DULQDUL ( 'RQ Francesco Maria Venanzio 3ULQFLSH GL &DUDPDQLFR 'XFD GL &DVROL 0DUFKHVH GL )UDQFROLVH H &RQWH GL 3ROHQD GDO 3DWUL]LR 1DSROHWDQR 3DWUL]LR GL %HQHYHQWR H 1RELOH GL 7DUDQWR 'RQQD 9LWWRULD GH *XHYDUD ÀJOLD GL 'RQ *LRYDQQL 0DULD 'XFD GL %RYLQR H GL 'RQQD $QQD 0DULD 6XDUGR GHL 'XFKL GL &DVWHOODLUROD %RYLQR ) 'RQ Tommaso Landolfo " 3ULQFLSH GL &DUDPDQLFR 'XFD GL &DVROL 0DUFKHVH GL )UDQFROLVH &RQWH GL 3ROHQD GDO 3DWUL]LR 1DSROHWDQR 3DWUL]LR GL %HQHYHQWR H 1RELOH GL 7DUDQWR D 'RQQD 0DULD )DXVWD 'RULD ÀJOLD GHO 0DUFKHVH 'RQ *LRYDQQL &DUOR 3ULQFLSH G·$QJUL H GL 'RQQD *LRYDQQD 3DSSDFRGD GHL 3ULQFLSL GL &HQWROD 1DSROL GLYRU]LD LO E 7HUHVD /HPER JLj YHGRYD GL *LRYDQQL Carafa Conte di Colobrano F 0DULD 0DGGDOHQD 6LOLHU * H[ 'RQ Giuseppe EDWWH]]DWR LO «« QDWR LOOHJLWWLPR SRVW
+ 'RQ Tommaso Enrico 3ULQFLSH GL &DUDPDQLFR 'XFD GL &DVROL 0DUFKHVH GL )UDQFROLVH &RQWH
46
DOCUMENTARY_APPENDIX
GL 3ROHQD 3DWUL]LR 1DSROHWDQR 3DWUL]LR GL %HQHYHQWR H 1RELOH GL 7DUDQWR D (PDQXHOD GHL %DURQL %DUUDFFR E &DVHUWD 'RQQD 7HUHVD GL 6DQJUR ÀJOLD GL 'RQ *HUDUGR 3ULQFLSH GL 6DQVHYHUR H GL 'RQQD 0DULD $QWRQLD GHL 3ULQFLSL &DSHFH =XUOR VHFRQGR LO 6HUUD
DOCUMENTARY_APPENDIX
47
'RF %DUUDFFR EDURQV JHQHDORJ\ Barone Luigi Barracco 3DWUL]LR GL &RVHQ]D VS 1RELOH 0DULD &KLDUD /XFLIHUR A1. Barone Alfonso &RWURQH ,,, 1DSROL , 3DWUL]LR GL &RVHQ]D 6HQDWRUH GHO 5HJQR G·,WDOLD ,, 'RQQD (PLOLD &DUDID GHL 3ULQFLSL GL &ROREUDQR , ,, B1. Barone Enrico 1DSROL ,, 3DWUL]LR GL &RVHQ]D WLWROR ULFRQRVFLXWR FRQ 'HFUHWR 0LQLVWHULDOH GHO 9,, H 5HJLH /HWWHUH 3DWHQWL GHO ;,, 1DSROL ,9 'RQQD 0DULD 'RULD GHL 3ULQFLSL G·$QJUL 1DSROL ,; LYL ,9 & %DURQH WLWROR ULFRQRVFLXWR FRQ 'HFUHWR 0LQLVWHULDOH GHO 9,, Alfonso 6RUUHQWR ; 1DSROL ;, 3DWUL]LR GL &RVHQ]D *DEULHOOD 1LFROLV GHL &RQWL GL 5RELODQW H &HUHDJOLR ,; JLj GLYRU]LDWD GD 9LWWRULR 6DFHUGRWL &RQWH GL &DUURELR ' %DURQH Maurizio 5RPD 9,,, 3DWUL]LR GL &RVHQ]D = Mirella Stampa & Laura 1DSROL ; 9, 'RQ (WWRUH &DUDID GHL 'XFKL G·$QGULD 3DWUL]LR 1DSROHWDQR & Francesca 1DSROL ;,, 7RUUH GHO *UHFR ; 1DSROL , &RQWH 'RQ 3DROR *DHWDQL GHOO·$TXLOD G·$UDJRQD GHL 3ULQFLSL GL 3LHGLPRQWH 3DWUL]LR 1DSROHWDQR % Alberto Maria 3DWUL]LR GL &RVHQ]D % Amalia 9, ,; 9,,, 'RQ (WWRUH 0DUXOOL 'XFD GL 6DQ &HVDUHR % Carolina 6SH]]DQR *UDQGH 9,,, 1DSROL , ,VROD &DSRUL]]XWR , 'RQ /XLJL 3LJQDWHOOL GHOOD /HRQHVVD 3ULQFLSH GL 6WURQJROL B5. Giulia $ Giovanni ,VROD &DSRUL]]XWR ,; 5RPD , 3DWUL]LR GL &RVHQ]D 6HQDWRUH GHO 5HJQR G·,WDOLD $ Roberto 6SH]]DQR *UDQGH ,; 1DSROL 9 3DWUL]LR GL &RVHQ]D 6HQDWRUH GHO 5HJQR G·,WDOLD = Artemisia Balbi B1. Chiara 1DSROL 9, " ;, &RQWH /XFKLQR =LOHUL 'DO 9HUPH % Luigi 1DSROL ,; 5RPD ,, 3DWUL]LR GL &RVHQ]D 1DSROL $QQD )LOLDVL GHL 0DUFKHVL GL &DUDSHOOH 1DSROL 9,, 5RPD 9,,, C1. Roberto 1DSROL 9, 7UH /DJRDV 9,, 3DWUL]LR GL &RVHQ]D , +HOGD %XOORWWD ' Margherita 5RPD ; ' Anna Artemisia 5RPD ;, , $OEHUWR /XLV G·$FHYHGR ' Luigi 5RPD ,; 3DWUL]LR GL &RVHQ]D ;,, /\JLD 0DUFLD H 3DOPD E1. Roberto 6DR 3DXOR ;,, 3DWUL]LR GL &RVHQ]D & Giovanni 1DSROL ;,, 3DWUL]LR GL &RVHQ]D 1DSROL ;,, 1RELOH &DUPHQ %DVLOH ' Carlo Francesco $SULJOLDQR ; 3DWUL]LR GL &RVHQ]D ' Umberto 5RPD ;, 3DWUL]LR GL &RVHQ]D ;,, $QQD 0DULD 5LSD GHL 0DUFKHVL GL 0HDQD 5RPD ,,, E1. Barbara 5RPD ,, ' Maria Teresa 5RPD 9 ' Luigi 5RPD , 3DWUL]LR GL &RVHQ]D ;,, 'HVLGHULD *DEULHOOL 1RELOH GHL %DURQL GL 4XHUFLWD 5RPD ,,,
48
DOCUMENTARY_APPENDIX
E1. Lorenzo 5RPD ,9 3DWUL]LR GL &RVHQ]D ( Giovanni 5RPD , 3DWUL]LR GL &RVHQ]D ( Filippo 5RPD ;, 3DWUL]LR GL &RVHQ]D ' Maria Angelica 5RPD ,,, ,9 /XLJL &DPPDURWD ' Anna 5RPD , ' Enrico 5RPD ,9 3DWUL]LR GL &RVHQ]D 9, )UDQFHVFD 0DULD GHL 0DUFKHVL 0RUHOOL ' Ferdinando 5RPD ,; 3DWUL]LR GL &RVHQ]D & Maria 1DSROL ;,, ; 1RELOH &DYDOLHUH 'RQ &DUOR 6HUUD % Francesco 1DSROL 9 5RPD 9 3DWUL]LR GL &RVHQ]D ;, (OHRQRUD +DPLOWRQ 9,, C1. Stanislao 5RPD 9 LYL 9,, 3DWUL]LR GL &RVHQ]D $ Francesco A5. Stanislao $ Emanuela " VS 'RQ 7RPPDVR (QULFR ² 3ULQFLSH GL &DUDPDQLFR A7. Maurizio $ Maria A9. Guglielmo $ Carolina A11. Eleonora $ Teresa
DOCUMENTARY_APPENDIX
49
LITERATURE
/HWWLHUL 1LFROz ,VWRULD GHOO·DQWLFKLVVLPD FLWWj GL 6XHVVROD H GHO YHFFKLR H QXRYR FDVWHOOR GL Arienzo, 1DSROL *LXVWLQLDQL /RUHQ]R 'L]LRQDULR JHRJUDÀFR UDJLRQDWR GHO 5HJQR GL 1DSROL 1DSROL :LQNHOPDQQ - - Acta imperii, ,QQVEUXFN &DSRUDOH *DHWDQR Memorie storico diplomatiche della città di Acerra e dei conti che la WHQQHUR LQ IHXGR 1DSROL 6FDQGRQH )UDQFHVFR 0DUJKHULWD GL 6YHYLD ÀJOLD QDWXUDOH GL )HGHULFR ,, FRQWHVVD GL Acerra, LQ ´$UFKLYLR 6WRULFR GHOOH 3URYLQFH 1DSROHWDQHµ ;;;, 1DSROL 5LFKDUGXV GH 6DQFWR *HUPDQR 5\FFDUGL GH 6DQFWR *HUPDQR QRWDULL FKURQLFD Bologna, 0D]]DUHVH )DUGHOOD (QULFR Aspetti dell’organizzazione amministrativa dello stato normanno-svevo, 0LODQR %UXQR 6DOYLQR 9LOOXFFL $QWRQLR 0DUFHOOR Castelli in Terra di Lavoro, 1DSROL 5XVVR )ODYLR &DQRQL GHOO·DUFKLWHWWXUD IHGHULFLDQD QHO FDVWHOOR GL 6DQ )HOLFH D &DQFHOOR in ´/·8QLYHUVRµ DQQR /; Q )LUHQ]H +DUULV & (GZDUG 3ULQFLSOHV RI DUFKDHRORJLFDO VWUDWLJUDSK\ $FDGHPLF 3UHVV, 6DQWRUR /XFLR , VLVWHPL GLIHQVLYL QHO PH]]RJLRUQR G·,WDOLD LQ ´7RUUL H FDVWHOOL QHO PH]]RJLRUQRµ D FXUD GL 1RWDUDQJHOR $ 6DQWRUR /XFLR /·DUFKLWHWWXUD IRUWLÀFDWD GL HSRFD VYHYD LQ &DPSDQLD LQ ´, TXDGHUQL DUFKHRORJLD HG DUWH LQ &DPSDQLDµ 6DOHUQR '·$TXLQR GL &DUDPDQLFR $ 5 Alcuni castelli di casa d’Aquino, LQ ´&DVWHOOL H YLWD GL FDVWHOOR 7HVWLPRQLDQ]H VWRULFKH H SURJHWWL DPELHQWDOL $WWL GHO ,9 FRQJUHVVR LQWHUQD]LRQDOH 1DSROL 6DOHUQR RWWREUH 5RPD .DQWRURZLF] (UQVW +DUWZLJ Kaiser Friedrich der Zweite, 6WXWWJDUW 0DQQRQL 7L]LDQR Caratteri costruttivi dell’edilizia storica, *HQRYD 6DQWRUR /XFLR 5HVLGHQ]H IRUWLÀFDWH H SUHVLGL GLIHQVLYL QHO 5HJQR GL 1DSROL LQ ´&DVWHOOL H YLWD GL FDVWHOOR 7HVWLPRQLDQ]H VWRULFKH H SURJHWWL DPELHQWDOL $WWL GHO ,9 FRQJUHVVR LQWHUQD]LRQDOH 1DSROL 6DOHUQR RWWREUH 5RPD 'H )DOFR &DUROLQD 8Q HSLVRGLR GL DUFKLWHWWXUD IHGHULFLDQD LQ 7HUUD GL /DYRUR LO FDVWHOOR di Cancello, LQ ´&XOWXUD DUWLVWLFD FLWWj H DUFKLWHWWXUD QHOO·HWj IHGHULFLDQDµ D FXUD GL *DPEDUGHOOD $OIRQVR $WWL GHO FRQYHJQR &DVHUWD (QFLFORSHGLD 7UHFFDQL ,VWLWXWR GHOO·(QFLFORSHGLD ,WDOLDQD 5RPD 50
DOCUMENTARY_APPENDIX
6DQWRUR /XFLR Insediamenti svevi in Campania, LQ ´)HGHULFR ,, LPPDJLQH H SRWHUHµ 9HQH]LD 6WKDPHU (GXDUG 'LH 9HUZDOWXQJ GHU .DVWHOOH LP .|QLJUHLFK 6L]LOLHQ XQWHU .DLVHU )ULHGULFK ,, XQG .DUO , YRQ $QMRX 0D[ 1LHPH\HU 9HUODJ ; +RXEHQ +XEHUW Mezzogiorno normanno-svevo: monasteri e castelli ebrei e musulmani, 5XVVR )ODYLR 7UHQWD VHFROL GL IRUWLÀFD]LRQL LQ &DPSDQLD 3LHGLPRQWH 0DWHVH 3LVWLOOL 3LR )UDQFHVFR &DVWHOOL QRUPDQQL H VYHYL LQ 7HUUD GL /DYRUR ,QVHGLDPHQWL IRUWLÀFDWL LQ XQ WHUULWRULR GL FRQÀQH &DGHL $QWRQLR /D IRUPD GHO FDVWHOOR /·LPSHUDWRUH )HGHULFR ,, H OD 7HUUDVDQWD Galdi Guido, Il castello del Matinale, LQ ´0DULJOLDQR DQWRORJLFDµ D FXUD GL $OLSHUWL ) 0DULJOLDQR )LHQJR * *XHUULHUR / D FXUD GL $WODQWH GHOOH WHFQLFKH FRVWUXWWLYH WUDGL]LRQDOL 1DSROL 7HUUD GL /DYRUR ;9, ;,; 1DSROL 6DEDWLQL *DHWDQR /R VWDWR IHXGDOH GHL &DUDID GL 0DGGDORQL *HQHVL H DPPLQLVWUD]LRQH GL XQ GXFDWR QHO 5HJQR GL 1DSROL VHF ;9 ;9,,, 5HVFLR 3LHUIUDQFHVFR ,O VLVWHPD GHOOH IRUWH]]H PHGLHYDOL GHOOD FRQWHD GL $FHUUD LO FDVWHOOR di Matinale a Cancello, LQ ´5DVVHJQD VWRULFD GHL FRPXQL SHULRGLFR GL VWXGL H ULFHUFKH VWRULFKH ORFDOLµ $ Q *HQ $SU :HE
DOCUMENTARY_APPENDIX
51
MATERIC SURVEY TABLE
A
castle perched on a hill, isolated from the tumultuous and rapid changes that the land be low has suffered, it is remained ‘frozen’ to the twelfth century. and for nearly eight hundred years is there, as a survivor, an outside observer, who stoically seems to continue to play its vital task, be a witness to a culture that has entrusted to the matter of the castle itself the history of their existence, which is there , waiting to be read, understood, preserved.