7
Dharavi, Mumbai. Photo credit: Chandrashekar (Shekar) Manalam.
IMPLEMENTATION
Bringing Sanitation to Urban Informal Settlements and Beyond Introduction Sanir has been founded on the notion that informal settlements are not only areas in need; but they are also areas full of opportunities. Most of their inhabitants have a diverse range of entrepreneurial skills, which make this places almost self-sustaining economies. The Sanir sanitation
system is build to empower these citizens and their environment through sanitation. The Sanir system comprises two major components. The Community Sanitation Centres (each serving 300 people per day), which are designed to be partly owned, run
and maintained by local entrepreneurs. The black water gathered at the CSC’s is transported to the treatment plant, which has a capacity of processing waste generated by 50,000 people (150-200 CSC’s) every day.
From
To
Undocumented squatters
Citizens with ID cards and the possibility to vote
Demolishing settlements
Developing its inner strengths and communities
Poverty areas
Economic engine
Dump
Recycling hub
Illegal settlements
Ownership of the community
Economic restrictions
Credit and ascension
Social parasites
Business entrepreneurship with visions
Uneducated
Educated children and professional adults
Poor sewage & sanitation
Dignity, hygiene and basic rights Shop owner and family at Gulbai Tekra, Ahmedabad, India.
Model settlement characteristics
TARGET SETTLEMENTS A house in a slum is often not bigger than 12m2 and serves as a kitchen, bedroom, living room for an average of 5 people. In these conditions there is often little or no space for a toilet. The distribution of social characteristics such as different clusters, casts and religions are taken into consideration for different aspects of the design.
Dwelling (10m2) Communal area Transfer station
use
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Religious temple
Cs
ar
Sanir Community Sanitation Centres (CSCs)
ea
(3 0
0
CS
Sanir’s system is designed to serve dense informal settlements in urban areas that do not have access to improved sanitation solutions and where water is scarce. An informal settlement was modeled to serve as a reference throughout the design of the system. The model, which is based on literature and cross-checked with field research, consists of an area 30,000m2 with 2,000 households and 10,000 people.
30,000 m2 (170x170 m) 2,000 households 10,000 people
of influ e n ce
LOGISTICS
Treatment Plant
The toilets designed for the Community Sanitation Centres divert (anal) cleansing water from waste. For more information see poster 5. Transportation from the CSC’s to the treatment plant is separated in a short and long haul for optimal efficiency. Micro-exhauster vehicles, agile enough for the narrow streets of the informal
settlements, collect 750L of daily waste per CSC and dispose it temporarily in transfer stations located on the outskirts of the settlement. Thereafter, waste transporting trucks take it to the treatment facility. Water required to compensate the losses at the Sanitation Centres (500 l/day/each) can be transported in different containers by the same transportation vehicles.
Micro-Exhauster Truck
Transfer Station
Water delivery
Feedstock Truck Feedstock transportation
Diagram of inputs and outputs transportation
PHASE 1: Attracting Feedstock
PHASE 2: Expanding Streams
PHASE 3: New Applications
SULABH
SANIR facilities or facilities with SANIR waste separation system.
SANIR Feedstock trucks SANIR facilities or SANIR affiliated facilities SANIR Feedstock trucks
$ SANIR Feedstock trucks
$
Existing pit emptiers
Septic tanks from households and buildings
$ $
Garbage collectors
$ $
Existing pit emptiers
Organic waste
While the required Community Sanitation Centres are built, existing pipe-emptying services can be incentivized to already deploy their waste at the Sanir Treatment Plant. Alternative waste streams such as kitchen and organic waste can also be considered to ensure continuous operation of the treatment plant.
SANIR facilities or SANIR affiliated facilities
Garbage collectors
Septic tanks
SANIR facilities or SANIR affiliated facilities
Garbage collectors
SANIR toilet households and buildings Organic waste
Organic waste
Waste feed for the Treatment Facility will increasingly origin from the CSC’s as they spread in different settlements around the city. Meanwhile, other existing toilet facilities in the city can be incentivized to adopt Sanir’s water-diverting toilets and transportation services.
www.tudelft.nl/reinventthetoilet
Further technological developments could develop smaller scale applications, which could directly be implemented in buildings and households. CSCs for different areas and user capacities could also be developed.